258:
distribute the weight of the fuel tanks, ballast bags and other heavy items, as well as to allow the crew to travel between the cars, and its removal effected a considerable reduction in weight together with improved manoeuvrability. Instead, the various loads were concentrated at the bulkheads and suspended from the radial wiring that maintained the shape of the hull. The gas-bags were shaped to accommodate a new internal corridor, created by the provision of inverted U-shaped ribs above the two lowest longitudinal members, which also allowed access to the fuel tanks and ballast. An improved system of pipes linking the fuel tanks enabled faster refuelling, and could be used to jettison fuel in an emergency. However, as with earlier designs, doped linen was used for the hull's outer covering; and being absorbent, just a few hours of rain could add around a ton of water to the weight.
199:
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42:
331:
that was being assembled from a disused envelope and a spare SS Zero car. Petrol fumes from a spillage in the car were ignited some time later by a spark when the radio equipment was being tested; and the ensuing fireball, fed by fuel and gas, completely enveloped and destroyed both craft. Although
270:
engines – later and more powerful versions of those employed by the 23r class, but arranged in a similar manner. The fore and aft gondolas each housed a single engine driving a pair of swivelling propellers, one either side, while the centre car contained two engines with one fixed propeller each.
214:
design, were never used in combat. However, the four ships in the class provided many hours of valuable training for
British airship crews and experimental data for designers and engineers, and some radical changes and refinements were consequently incorporated into the design of the R.23X class.
257:
Redesigned bow and stern sections increased the gas capacity slightly for a corresponding increase in lift, but a more radical measure was the removal of the external keel corridor from the R.23X design. Not contributing significantly to the strength of the hull, the keel's main function was to
274:
As a result of the removal of the external keel, when the first trials were held the two airships were able to turn more quickly than their predecessors; but more importantly it was discovered during the lift and trim tests that the disposable lift was more than
428:, and in May 1919 her midship car was replaced by a smaller and lighter type containing just one engine driving a single propeller. She subsequently flew a further 87 hours including an extended flight over Scotland accompanied by
369:, Scotland, where her operational career lasted less than five months. During this time she flew for 335 hours, covered an estimated 8,215 miles (13,221 km), and became the most successful British wartime "rigid".
418:, she dropped two 230 lb (100 kg) bombs. Intelligence reports subsequently confirmed that the submarine had been destroyed in the attack – the only recorded success by any British wartime rigid airship.
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233:, on 24 September 1916. British engineers gained a valuable insight into the state of German rigid airship design and technology when they examined the virtually intact
285: tons. This was significantly better than any previous British airship, and allowed a greater bomb load to be carried as well as more fuel for increased range.
1204:
434:, and was finally deleted in October, 1919. She covered an estimated 11,334 miles (18,240 km) in service, more than any previous British rigid airship.
1121:
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went on to become the most successful
British wartime rigid airship, being the only one to meet enemy action, as well as the only one to sink a submarine.
1131:
315:, and commissioned on 29 June 1918. Under the command of Major Ommaney she flew for a total of 89 hours 40 minutes, and came to a premature end while at
1126:
1986:
951:
372:
She carried out a number of extensive patrols including one lasting over 30 hours, and two others for more than 20 hours. She encountered German
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Airship saga: The history of airships seen through the eyes of the men who designed, built, and flew them
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the hangar itself survived, one airman lost his life, and two further blimps that were moored nearby,
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when pursued; and under the command of Major G. M. Thomas on 29 September 1918 she attacked a third,
1930:
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210:-designed 23 class rigid airships, which were basically "stretched" and modified versions of the
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633:"Viola-Dias, War, Distant Waters and the Hull Fishing Industry in Both World Wars"
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consecutively, but the programme was re-evaluated following the forced landing of
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German and
Austrian U-boats of World War I - Kaiserliche Marine - Uboat.net
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German and
Austrian U-boats of World War I - Kaiserliche Marine - Uboat.net
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about 4.5 nautical miles (8.3 km) northeast of Beacon Point,
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in order to concentrate resources on an improved design, the new
207:
851:
373:
266:
The R.23X class were powered by four 300 hp (220 kW)
211:
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airship station on 16 August that year. Sharing a hangar with
361:, and was commissioned on 20 June 1918. She was based at the
230:
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on three occasions – the first escaped; the second struck a
989:
984:
979:
160:, but only two of the planned four R.23X class were built:
797:
British
Admiralty and Imperial Airship Scheme airships
694:
Battlebags: British
Airships of the First World War
595:
Airship
Heritage Trust. Retrieved on 10 March 2009.
742:HMA 23X class airships, The Airship Heritage Trust
49:R27 during her brief career in the summer of 1918
1973:
1212:
202:Control wheel from airship R29, Museum of Flight
1198:
1017:
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237:, and it was subsequently decided to cancel
1205:
1191:
1024:
1010:
789:
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708:Jane's Pocket Book 7 - Airship Development
215:Originally four R.23X class were planned,
261:
193:
186:was destroyed by fire in a hangar; while
168:. Both were completed mid-1918, but just
197:
1987:1910s British military trainer aircraft
640:MHSC Maritime Historical Studies Centre
501:990,000 cu ft (28,000 m)
14:
1974:
1031:
588:
586:
536:57 mph (92 km/h, 50 kn)
288:
1186:
1005:
770:
664:Griehl, Manfred and Joachim Dressel.
584:
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489:539 ft 0 in (164.29 m)
156:using the experience gained from the
746:
604:
495:53 ft 0 in (16.15 m)
24:
720:Ventry, Lord and Eugene Kolesnik.
706:Ventry, Lord and Eugene Kolesnik.
666:Zeppelin! The German Airship Story
563:
25:
2003:
735:
521:, 300 hp (220 kW) each
468:
630:
444:
424:flew another 16 hours after the
40:
1982:Airships of the United Kingdom
624:
598:
507:17,000 lb (7,700 kg)
394:. During the attack, in which
182:months after entering service
13:
1:
922:23-class (23r, 24r, 25r, R26)
658:
305:William Beardmore and Company
1992:Aircraft first flown in 1918
1214:Armstrong Whitworth Aircraft
1172:Beardmore-Rohrbach Inverness
1149:Royal Aircraft Factory B.E.2
927:R23X-class (R27,R28,R29,R30)
437:
355:Armstrong Whitworth Aircraft
229:(Z33) in Little Wigborough,
7:
680:Barnes Wallis - A Biography
10:
2008:
319:(Royal Naval Air Service)
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480:General characteristics
459:Royal Naval Air Service
359:Barlow, North Yorkshire
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340:, were also destroyed.
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262:Propulsion and testing
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194:Design and development
152:were developed during
1163:(built under licence)
1157:(built under licence)
1151:(built under licence)
817:No. 2 (Willows No. 4)
749:"WWI U-boats: UB 115"
747:Helgason, GuĂ°mundur.
607:"WWI U-boats: UB 115"
605:Helgason, GuĂ°mundur.
552:230 lb (100 kg) bombs
201:
1308:Post-First World War
1167:Beardmore Inflexible
642:. University of Hull
268:Rolls-Royce Eagle VI
57:Naval patrol airship
353:was constructed by
303:was constructed by
289:Operational history
88:Armstrong-Whitworth
957:R38, R39, R40, R41
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107:Primary user
18:R23X class airship
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682:, Longman, 1972
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388:Newton-by-the-Sea
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16:(Redirected from
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1781:Atlas/Ajax/Aries
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59:Type of aircraft
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883:
880:
878:
875:
873:
870:
868:
865:
863:
860:
858:
855:
853:
850:
848:
847:No. 8 (AT-17)
845:
843:
840:
838:
835:
833:
832:Parseval No.5
830:
828:
825:
823:
820:
818:
815:
813:
810:
809:
807:
805:
801:
792:
787:
785:
780:
778:
773:
772:
769:
754:
750:
745:
743:
740:
739:
731:
730:0-7137-1001-2
727:
723:
719:
717:
716:0-356-04656-7
713:
709:
705:
703:
702:0-905778-13-8
699:
695:
691:
689:
688:0-582-10360-6
685:
681:
677:
675:
674:1-85409-045-3
671:
667:
663:
662:
641:
634:
627:
612:
608:
601:
594:
589:
587:
585:
583:
581:
579:
577:
575:
573:
571:
569:
567:
562:
551:
548:
547:
546:
543:
535:
532:
531:
530:
528:
520:
516:
512:
509:
506:
503:
500:
497:
494:
491:
488:
485:
484:
483:
481:
476:
475:
464:
460:
457:
456:
453:
442:
441:
435:
433:
432:
427:
423:
419:
417:
416:
411:
410:
405:
401:
397:
393:
389:
385:
384:
379:
375:
370:
368:
364:
360:
356:
352:
346:
341:
339:
335:
330:
326:
322:
318:
314:
310:
306:
302:
296:
286:
272:
269:
259:
250:
248:
244:
240:
236:
232:
228:
227:
222:
218:
213:
209:
200:
191:
189:
185:
167:
163:
159:
155:
151:
147:
138:
135:
130:
129:
125:
120:
119:
116:
112:
109:
106:
105:
101:
99:First flight
98:
97:
93:
89:
84:
80:
77:
75:Manufacturer
74:
73:
69:
64:
63:
56:
53:
52:
47:
43:
38:
34:
30:
27:
19:
1859:F.K.9/F.K.10
1826:Experimental
1763:
1756:
1755:
1749:
1225:designations
1221:Manufacturer
1069:
1062:
1055:
1054:
1048:
941:
926:
756:. Retrieved
752:
721:
707:
693:
679:
665:
644:. Retrieved
639:
626:
614:. Retrieved
610:
600:
549:
541:
539:
533:
526:
524:
510:
505:Useful lift:
504:
498:
492:
486:
479:
477:
473:
472:
430:
421:
420:
414:
408:
395:
382:
371:
367:East Lothian
363:East Fortune
350:
349:
344:
337:
333:
324:
313:Renfrewshire
300:
299:
294:
273:
265:
256:
242:
238:
225:
220:
216:
205:
187:
183:
165:
161:
145:
144:The British
143:
122:Number built
102:29 May 1918
91:
82:
32:
26:
1161:Sopwith Pup
1155:Nieuport 12
527:Performance
519:V12 engines
511:Powerplant:
154:World War I
146:R.23X class
1976:Categories
1940:Transports
1615:Argosy (2)
1610:Argosy (1)
1080:Aeroplanes
659:References
404:destroyers
1947:Albemarle
1874:Armadillo
1711:Airliners
1625:Armadillo
1595:Albemarle
1223:numerical
1033:Beardmore
804:Admiralty
493:Diameter:
474:Data from
438:Operators
426:Armistice
309:Inchinnan
247:R33 class
226:L 33
79:Beardmore
1889:Starling
1879:Scimitar
1852:Fighters
1742:Airships
1723:Atalanta
1680:Starling
1660:Scimitar
1655:Sea Hawk
1630:Atalanta
1142:W.B.XXVI
1041:Airships
1035:aircraft
937:R33, R34
932:R31, R32
758:11 March
616:11 March
542:Armament
402:and the
235:Zeppelin
158:23 class
1926:Tadpole
1843:A.W.171
1817:Whitley
1790:Bombers
1704:By role
1690:Whitley
1685:Tadpole
1583:By name
1570:A.W.690
1565:A.W.681
1560:A.W.680
1555:A.W.670
1550:A.W.660
1545:A.W.650
1540:A.W.171
1535:A.W.169
1530:A.W.168
1132:W.B.XXV
1122:W.B.VII
1102:W.B.III
724:, 1982
710:, 1976
696:, 1995
668:, 1990
646:3 March
593:HMA 23X
499:Volume:
487:Length:
374:U-boats
280:⁄
208:Vickers
177:⁄
1884:Siskin
1864:A.W.16
1838:A.W.52
1812:Sinaia
1807:A.W.29
1802:A.W.23
1797:A.W.19
1733:Apollo
1728:Ensign
1675:Sissit
1670:Sinaia
1665:Siskin
1650:Meteor
1645:Ensign
1600:Apollo
1525:A.W.59
1520:A.W.58
1515:A.W.57
1510:A.W.56
1505:A.W.55
1500:A.W.54
1495:A.W.53
1490:A.W.52
1485:A.W.51
1480:A.W.50
1475:A.W.49
1470:A.W.48
1465:A.W.45
1460:A.W.44
1455:A.W.43
1450:A.W.41
1445:A.W.40
1440:A.W.39
1435:A.W.38
1430:A.W.37
1425:A.W.36
1420:A.W.35
1415:A.W.34
1410:A.W.33
1405:A.W.32
1400:A.W.31
1395:A.W.30
1390:A.W.29
1385:A.W.28
1380:A.W.27
1375:A.W.26
1370:A.W.25
1365:A.W.24
1360:A.W.23
1355:A.W.22
1350:A.W.21
1345:A.W.20
1340:A.W.19
1335:A.W.18
1330:A.W.17
1325:A.W.16
1320:A.W.15
1315:A.W.14
1294:F.K.13
1289:F.K.12
1284:F.K.10
1127:W.B.IX
1117:W.B.VI
1107:W.B.IV
1092:W.B.1a
728:
714:
700:
686:
672:
631:MHSC.
550:Bombs:
449:
390:, off
383:UB-115
338:SSZ.54
334:SSZ.38
321:Howden
35:class
1957:Awana
1910:F.K.8
1905:F.K.3
1640:Awana
1635:Atlas
1620:Aries
1299:F.M.4
1279:F.K.9
1274:F.K.8
1269:F.K.7
1264:F.K.6
1259:F.K.5
1254:F.K.4
1249:F.K.3
1244:F.K.2
1239:F.K.1
1112:W.B.V
1097:W.B.2
1087:W.B.1
636:(PDF)
557:Notes
231:Essex
212:No. 9
54:Role
1931:Wolf
1695:Wolf
1590:Ajax
990:R102
985:R101
980:R100
760:2009
726:ISBN
712:ISBN
698:ISBN
684:ISBN
670:ISBN
648:2009
618:2009
513:4 Ă—
422:R.29
415:Star
412:and
409:Ouse
407:HMS
396:R.29
378:mine
351:R.29
345:R.29
336:and
325:R.27
317:RNAS
301:R.27
295:R.27
253:Hull
243:R.30
241:and
239:R.28
221:R.30
217:R.27
206:The
188:R.29
184:R.27
166:R.29
164:and
162:R.27
111:RNAS
33:R23X
1869:Ara
1833:Ape
1764:R33
1757:R29
1750:25r
1605:Ara
1070:R36
1063:R34
1056:R27
1049:24r
962:R80
952:R37
947:R36
942:R35
882:15r
877:14r
431:R34
357:at
307:at
219:to
148:of
115:RAF
92:R29
83:R27
1978::
917:22
912:21
907:20
902:19
897:18
892:17
887:16
872:13
867:12
862:11
857:10
852:9r
751:.
638:.
609:.
565:^
461:/
311:,
249:.
126:2
113:/
94:)
1206:e
1199:t
1192:v
1025:e
1018:t
1011:v
842:7
837:6
827:4
822:3
790:e
783:t
776:v
762:.
650:.
620:.
282:2
278:1
275:8
179:2
175:1
172:+
170:2
90:(
85:)
81:(
20:)
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