541:, the provisions regarding identification documents were originally intended to take effect in 2008, but enforcement was repeatedly delayed due to widespread opposition and refusal by many state governments to implement them. Eventually states began to comply in 2012, and enforcement began in 2014 for certain federal facilities. After numerous extensions, by 2020, all states were certified as compliant, and by 2024, all territories were certified. As of 2024, the implementation's final and most significant phase, regarding identification documents accepted for boarding flights, was scheduled for May 7, 2025, after being postponed many times. In 2024, the TSA proposed to delay full enforcement of the rule until 2027.
2445:
47:
2423:
2477:
2843:. The Senate passed H.R.1268 on April 21, 2005, without the Real ID Act. However, the Real ID Act was reinserted in the conference report on H.R.1268 and was then passed by the House on May 5, 2005, by a 368–58 vote and unanimously by the Senate on May 10, 2005. The Senate never discussed or voted on the Real ID Act specifically and no Senate committee hearings were conducted on the Real ID Act prior to its passage. Critics charged that this procedure was undemocratic and that the bill's proponents avoided a substantive debate on a far-reaching piece of legislation by attaching it to a "must-pass" bill.
1672:
3197:
judicial review amounted to an unconstitutional delegation of legislative power and whether the "grant of waiver authority violates
Article I's requirement that a duly-enacted law may be repealed only by legislation approved by both Houses of Congress and presented to the President". On April 17, 2008, numerous amicus briefs "supporting the petition were filed on behalf of 14 members of Congress, a diverse coalition of conservation, religious and Native American organizations, and 28 law professors and constitutional scholars". The Supreme Court denied the petition on June 23, 2008.
1775:
946:
3161:
individual constitutional rights. Concerning the Tenth
Amendment argument about the violation of states' constitutional rights, the DHS rule acknowledged that these concerns had been raised by several individual commenters and in the comments by some states. The DHS rule did not attempt to rebuff the Tenth Amendment argument directly, but said that the DHS was acting in accordance with the authority granted to it by the Real ID Act and that DHS had been and would be working closely with the states on the implementation of the Real ID Act.
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1156:
1378:
1827:
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2160:
1800:
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1429:
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1489:
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1983:
1660:
1648:
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1327:
1501:
1132:
2073:
1760:
2109:
1537:
2386:
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May 11, 2011. Documents issued by states and territories that were certified as compliant or that were granted an extension would continue to be accepted, even if the documents themselves did not satisfy the standards, until
December 1, 2014, for people born after December 1, 1964, or until December 1, 2017, for others. After these last deadlines, identification documents themselves would have to satisfy the standards to be accepted by federal agencies.
2049:
1417:
2124:
2097:
1453:
1228:
1884:
1252:
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2148:
1624:
1120:
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1911:
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1339:
1192:
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2007:
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2022:
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1303:
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1947:
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little regard to whether the evidence can realistically be obtained and the discretion to deny claims based on such subjective factors as 'demeanor'. Critics said the reason for putting such asylum restrictions into what was being sold as an anti-terrorism bill was unclear, given that suspected terrorists are already barred from obtaining asylum or any other immigration benefit".
2562:
846:. It authorized immigration judges to require that applicants present evidence for their asylum claim, if available, in addition to their testimony and to determine the credibility of witnesses based on their demeanor, plausibility, and consistency. The law also eliminated the numerical limit on individuals granted asylum, previously set at 10,000 per year.
3300:
Act placed more emphasis on applicant account discrepancies to determine asylum seekers as "incredible" and discretion on additional corroboration requirements, which discounted potential trauma-related psychological and other barriers related to persecution that might affect testimony accounts. Additionally, a 2005 article in
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3255:
final rule regarding the Real ID Act implementation, countered that the security precautions regarding handling sensitive personal data and hiring workers for this task, which were specified in the Real ID Act and in the rule, provided sufficient protections against unauthorized use and theft of such personal data.
1070:, on April 27, 2020, the extended deadline after which identification documents would have to satisfy the Real ID Act standards to be accepted by federal agencies was again extended, by one year to October 1, 2021. On May 3, 2021, it was extended to May 3, 2023,; on December 5, 2022, it was extended to May 7, 2025.
3299:
Many immigrant and civil rights advocates felt that the changes related to evidentiary standards and the immigration officers' discretion in asylum cases, contained in the Real ID Act, would prevent many legitimate asylum seekers from obtaining asylum. For example, scholars pointed to how the Real ID
2552:
is unique in that it only offers enhanced and non-compliant versions, making its residents who are not U.S. nationals ineligible for compliant state-issued identification documents. It is also the only state that does not offer any document with a Real ID star symbol, even though its enhanced version
2526:. The non-compliant version has a text stating that it is not valid for federal purposes, but it can still be used to drive or as local identification, so it is useful for applicants who are ineligible or do not wish to provide all documentation required for a compliant version in their jurisdiction.
3160:
The DHS's final rule regarding the implementation of the Real ID Act discussed several constitutional concerns raised by the commenters on the proposed version of this rule. The DHS explicitly rejected the assertion that the implementation of the Real ID Act would lead to violations of the citizens'
1077:
Despite the impending deadline, the adoption of Real ID-compliant licenses has been slow. As of
January 2024, only 56% of all driver's licenses in circulation were Real ID-compliant. In 22 states, the compliance rate was below 40%. The delay in implementation raises questions about the effectiveness
1031:
On March 7, 2011, DHS extended the deadline for states and territories to become compliant to
January 15, 2013, but all identification documents continued to be accepted during 2013. On December 29, 2014, DHS extended the deadline for documents to satisfy the standards to October 1, 2020, regardless
1023:
The Real ID Act, enacted on May 11, 2005, specified that after three years, from May 11, 2008, federal agencies would no longer accept identification documents that did not satisfy the standards. However, due to widespread opposition and refusal by many state governments to implement the provisions,
1027:
On
January 29, 2008, DHS issued the Real ID regulations, specifying a gradual implementation schedule. Until May 11, 2008, states and territories would have to comply with the Real ID Act or request an extension, valid until December 31, 2009, and they could later request an additional extension to
3212:
There was disagreement about whether the Real ID Act instituted a "national identification card" system. The new law only set forth national standards, but left the issuance of cards and the maintenance of databases in state hands; therefore, the
Department of Homeland Security claimed that it was
3156:
wrote in a
February 2008 article: "A person not possessing a Real ID Act-compliant identification card could not enter any federal building or an office of their congressman or senator or the U.S. Capitol. This effectively denies that person their fundamental rights to assembly and to petition the
2947:
unanimously passed a resolution opposing the Real ID Act. The resolution stated that Real ID was "in opposition to the
Jeffersonian principles of individual liberty, free markets, and limited government", and that "the use of identification-based security cannot be justified as part of a 'layered'
1063:
resulting in their identification documents not being accepted for accessing federal facilities during some periods. However, from 2018 all states and territories were compliant or continuously maintained extensions, so their identification documents remained accepted for boarding airline flights.
757:
The Real ID Act prohibits federal agencies from accepting driver licenses and identification cards issued by U.S. states and territories that do not satisfy certain standards for accessing federal government facilities and nuclear power plants and boarding airline flights within the United States.
3312:
Similarly, some immigration and human rights advocacy groups maintained that the Real ID Act provided an overly broad definition of "terrorist activity" that would prevent some deserving categories of applicants from gaining asylum or refugee status in the United States. A November 2007 report by
3308:
stated, "The bill also contained changes to asylum standards, which according to LCCR, would prevent many legitimate asylum seekers from obtaining safe haven in the United States. These changes gave immigration officials broad discretion to demand certain evidence to support an asylum claim, with
3241:
game, or buy a gun. The private sector could begin mandating a Real ID to perform countless commercial and financial activities, such as renting a DVD or buying car insurance. Real ID cards would become a necessity, making them de facto national IDs". However, government-issued identification was
3236:
Many advocacy groups and individual opponents of the Real ID Act believed that having a Real ID-compliant identification might become a requirement for various basic tasks. A January 2008 statement by the ACLU of
Maryland said: "The law places no limits on potential required uses for Real IDs. In
2850:
said: "Because Congress held no hearings or meaningful debate on the legislation and amended it to a must-pass spending bill, the Real ID Act did not receive the scrutiny necessary for most measures, and most certainly not the level required for a measure of this importance and impact. Consistent
1086:
DHS began certifying states as compliant in 2012. Adoption slowed after 2013 but increased significantly in 2018 and 2019, as the final phase of implementation approached and states were faced with potential air travel restrictions for their residents. DHS completed certification of all states by
3254:
Many privacy rights advocates charged that by creating a national system electronically storing vast amounts of detailed personal data about individuals, the Real ID Act increased the chance of such data being stolen and thus raised the risk of identity theft. The Bush administration, in the DHS
1062:
After the deadlines only identification documents issued by states and territories that were certified as compliant with the Real ID Act or granted an extension were accepted after the deadlines. Between 2014 and 2018, some states and territories were not compliant and did not have an extension,
3283:
The Real ID Act requires that states and territories include an individual's gender on each driver license and identification card issued. As of 2022, all states and territories allowed individuals to change their gender on identification documents to either male or female, and many states also
3124:
In the 2012 Florida Legislative Session, the anti-Real-ID bill HB 109 and its Senate companion S 220 were introduced. Named the Florida Driver's License Citizen Protection Act, it would require discontinuation of several of the federally mandated provisions of the Real ID Act and destruction of
3274:
on privacy-related issues, released a statement regarding the Department of Homeland Security's proposed rules for the standardization of state driver licenses on May 7, 2007. The committee stated that "Given that these issues have not received adequate consideration, the Committee feels it is
3196:
to hear their "constitutional challenge to the Secretary's decision waiving nineteen federal laws, and all state and local legal requirements related to them, in connection with the construction of a barrier along a portion of the border with Mexico". They questioned whether the preclusion of
2686:
The above list is not exhaustive. Alternative forms of identification may be accepted in special circumstances, and passengers without any acceptable identification document may still be allowed to board flights after completing an identity verification process. From May 7, 2025, however, an
786:
The state or territory must confirm that any existing identification document of the applicant issued by another state or territory is terminated; limit the validity of identification documents to eight years; implement background checks and fraud prevention programs for employees issuing
1841:
The Real ID Act requires that states and territories share their ID databases with each other, but this requirement was not included in the DHS certification criteria. The system used to share ID databases was implemented in 2015. As of 2024, 41 states were participating in this system.
2792:
In 2008, Cindy Southworth, technology project director for the National Network to End Domestic Violence, noted a "conundrum" in the mission "to identify people who are dangerous, such as terrorists, and at the same time, in a way that keeps everyday citizens and victims safe." The
3275:
important that the following comments do not constitute an endorsement of REAL ID or the regulations as workable or appropriate", and "The issues pose serious risks to an individual's privacy and, without amelioration, could undermine the stated goals of the REAL ID Act".
565:
are widely used as a form of identification. Before the Real ID Act, each state and territory set its own rules regarding issuing such cards, including what documents must be provided to obtain one, what information was displayed on the card, and its security features.
762:
The person applying for an identification document must provide documentation of the person's full name, date of birth, and residential address; a Social Security number or documentation that the person is not eligible for one; and documentation that the person is a
3361:
peoples. Due to the construction of the border barrier, the flow of water declined precipitously from March 2020, and threatened the cultural landscape as well as the two endangered species, along with other desert animals and plants that relied on the water.
901:
activities, including members of terrorist organizations, of groups that endorsed their activities or who had received military training from them. It also prohibited those found inadmissible from seeking judicial review of their deportation orders through
1073:
In September 2024, the TSA announced plans to delay the full implementation of the Real ID Act again. The original deadline, set for May 2025, has been proposed to be extended to May 2027. This marks a significant delay for a law that was enacted in 2005.
514:. The requirements include verification of the personal information presented when applying for the identification document, security features on the document, and electronic sharing of databases between states. The act also made various modifications to
2899:
Act, which would replace the Real ID Act with a similar law without some of the requirements that were considered excessive, such as the obligation to verify documents with the issuing authority and shared databases. The bill passed the
624:). The bill would repeal the provisions regarding identification documents in IRTPA, replace them with a version that would set the federal standards directly rather than in negotiation with the states, and would make various changes to
3262:
was that the implementation of the Real ID Act would make it substantially easier for the government to track numerous activities of Americans and conduct surveillance. Supporters of the Real ID Act, such as the conservative think-tank
61:
and identification document security standards, to prevent terrorists from abusing the asylum laws of the United States, to unify terrorism-related grounds for inadmissibility and removal, and to ensure expeditious construction of the
816:
The system used to share databases of identification documents between states and territories is the State-to-State (S2S) Verification Service, supported by the State Pointer Exchange Services (SPEXS) platform, developed by the
6533:
3284:
offered the option of gender-neutral marker X. The requirements for changing the recorded gender varied by jurisdiction, from merely a personal request to additional documentation such as a court order or proof of surgery.
770:
The state or territory must capture a photograph of the applicant, store digital images of the documents presented by the applicant, and verify the documents directly with the authorities that issued them. For example, the
2923:
lawmakers believed that the law would do more harm than good, they were concerned that it would create bureaucratic problems, threaten individual privacy, it could make citizens more vulnerable to ID theft, and would cost
936:
The last section of the Real ID Act allocated up to 50,000 previously unused employment-based immigration visas for new applicants to work as physical therapists, nurses, or with exceptional ability in sciences or arts.
7389:
6526:
6922:
824:
States and territories are still allowed to issue identification documents that do not satisfy the Real ID requirements, but in this case, the document must state that it may not be accepted for federal purposes.
8398:
740:, such as their Social Security card. In states that chose not to require such documentation, applicants were still required to provide their Social Security number, which states would verify directly with the
2501:
Most states and territories decided to offer two versions of identification documents, one compliant with the Real ID requirements and one not compliant. The compliant version is marked with a gold or black
5789:
8368:
2901:
8383:
8172:
787:
identification documents; maintain an electronic database of identification documents issued, including driver histories and violations, and provide access to it to all other states and territories.
802:
821:(AAMVA) with federal funds. Although the Real ID Act requires that states and territories share their databases, this requirement was not included in the DHS criteria to certify their compliance.
8742:
6124:
6788:
2870:, which provided more regulatory flexibility with state participation. Seven Democratic and Republican senators cosponsored the bill. Committee hearings were held but the bill did not advance.
3287:
Some scholars criticized the inclusion of gender markers in identification documents, pointing to the ineffectiveness of gender in confirming a person's identity or due to privacy concerns of
8747:
5359:
664:
merging the bill versions, including the Real ID Act added by the House and the visa sections added by the Senate, was agreed to by both houses, and the bill was signed into law by President
790:
The identification document must display the person's full name, date of birth, gender, photograph, address, signature, document number, security features, and machine-readable technology.
7055:
8737:
7868:
6424:
855:
4730:
874:, which could otherwise prevent construction in the area. The Real ID Act expanded this provision, allowing a waiver of any laws that could interfere with the construction. Later, the
7506:
6416:
6042:
271:
5405:
7200:
6519:
3242:
already required to perform some of these tasks; for example, two forms of identification – usually a driver's license, passport, or Social Security card – were required by the
2811:
in 2011 in protest of the Real ID Act. After being ticketed, Wyllie argued in court that Florida's identification laws violated his privacy rights; a judge rejected this claim.
5514:
8108:
7453:
7117:
7863:
7483:
4713:
6591:
2758:
Highlighting the broad diversity of the coalition opposing Title II of the Real ID Act, the American Center for Law and Justice (ACLJ), founded by evangelical Christian
8658:
8239:
7573:
7439:
3953:
3176:
challenging the Real ID Act. The amended complaint alleged that this unprecedented authority violated the fundamental separation of powers principles enshrined in the
8286:
7234:
7156:
7101:
6259:
5420:
4912:, A bill to extend the deadline by which State identification documents shall comply with specific minimum standards and for other purposes, United States Congress.
736:
amended the Real ID Act to accept electronic versions of identification documents, and to exempt states from requiring applicants to provide documentation of their
7934:
4328:
1055:
October 10, 2015: areas of federal facilities accessible to the general public with identification at facility security levels 3, 4, and 5, and military facilities
6375:
7878:
7670:
7460:
7403:
7087:
6737:
6151:
6015:"United States of America: Compliance with the Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the involvement of children in armed conflict"
5446:
5391:
4631:
2948:
security system if the costs of the identification 'layer'—in dollars, lost privacy, and lost liberty—are greater than the security identification provides".
1035:
Enforcement based on the issuing state or territory finally began in 2014 and 2015 for accessing federal facilities and in 2018 for boarding airline flights:
7873:
7241:
462:
442:
422:
399:
5469:
8603:
7211:
6915:
6864:
6853:
818:
6503:
4369:
562:
499:
3317:
raised this criticism specifically in relation to former child soldiers who had been forcibly and illegally recruited to participate in an armed group.
3125:
copies of U.S. citizens' documents from the government database. That bill died in the Transportation and Highway Safety Subcommittee on March 9, 2012.
2717:
and other opponents of illegal immigration. However, it faced criticism from across the political spectrum, including from libertarian groups, like the
918:
The Save Our Small and Seasonal Businesses Act of 2005, added to the Real ID Act during its congressional passage, allowed foreign nationals who had an
8078:
6612:
6296:
2679:
Driver license or identification card issued by the U.S. Department of State for foreign diplomatic and consular officers and their eligible dependents
922:
for temporary workers in any of the previous three years to apply as returning workers without counting toward the annual limit of that visa category.
394:
267:
4751:
585:, issued in July 2004, one of the commission's many recommendations was establishing federal identification document standards. In December 2004, the
8727:
8311:
8021:
6670:
6331:
3134:
5369:
8732:
8347:
7894:
7006:
6626:
6619:
6563:
6252:
6245:
6238:
6231:
6224:
6217:
6210:
5281:
4314:
2867:
2819:
The House approved the original Real ID Act, H.R.418, on February 10, 2005, by a vote of 261–161. At the insistence of the bill's sponsor and then
661:
586:
146:
2851:
with the lack of debate and discussion, conference negotiations also were held behind closed doors, with Democrats prevented from participating."
6774:
6584:
6268:
2665:
275:
8608:
8224:
7836:
7831:
7566:
7338:
7308:
6957:
6598:
6570:
5074:
2820:
2733:; state-level opposition groups, such as North Carolinians Against Real ID and government accountability groups in Florida; labor groups, like
780:
263:
6368:
3809:
8053:
8033:
7817:
6999:
6730:
6663:
6542:
602:
598:
4280:
8388:
8378:
7366:
7345:
7278:
6985:
6744:
6633:
6577:
3944:, Minimum Standards for Driver's Licenses and Identification Cards Acceptable by Federal Agencies for Official Purposes, December 29, 2014.
2794:
5491:
4845:
3796:, Minimum Standards for Driver's Licenses and Identification Cards Acceptable by Federal Agencies for Official Purposes, January 29, 2008.
3267:, dismissed this criticism under the grounds that states would be permitted by law to share data only when validating someone's identity.
2584:
Driver license or identification card issued by a U.S. state or territory (from May 7, 2025, only if compliant with the Real ID standards)
8583:
8244:
7292:
7193:
6901:
6605:
6361:
4297:
3921:
4281:"Florida Becomes the 38th State to Join State-To-State Verification Service (S2S) and 8th State to Join S2S Driver History Record (DHR)"
2866:) introduced the Identification Security Enhancement Act of 2007 to repeal the Real ID Act and restore the equivalent provisions of the
2683:
Except for the first category of documents in the above list, the other documents listed remain accepted regardless of the Real ID Act.
8618:
8373:
8276:
8016:
7848:
7331:
6873:
6144:
6091:
4786:
4298:"Texas Becomes the 39th State to Join State-to-State Verification Service (S2S) and 13th State to Join S2S Driver History Record (DHR)"
3766:
3560:
3371:
2919:
overwhelmingly passed a resolution refusing to implement the Real ID Act in that state and calling on Congress to repeal the law. Many
1052:
January 19, 2015: areas of federal facilities accessible to the general public with identification, at facility security levels 1 and 2
5563:
5548:
695:
could use their court address instead of their residential address on their identification documents for purposes of the Real ID Act.
7559:
7421:
7285:
6908:
6340:
6203:
6182:
6169:
5815:
3533:, Minimum Standards for Driver's Licenses and Identification Cards Acceptable by Federal Agencies for Official Purposes, May 3, 2021.
590:
554:
491:
58:
5418:
3998:
3457:, Emergency Supplemental Appropriations Act for Defense, the Global War on Terror, and Tsunami Relief, 2005, United States Congress.
3121:
signed this bill into law on July 13, 2009. This law was later repealed in 2017. Alaska also repealed its anti-Real-ID law in 2017.
8598:
8316:
8058:
7610:
6809:
6686:
6382:
4756:
4112:
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2836:
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and may not have a Real ID star symbol but are also compliant with the Real ID requirements and are accepted for federal purposes.
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7826:
7822:
7513:
7490:
7250:
6398:
6303:
6275:
5327:
574:
4529:
3546:
3113:
passed a bill prohibiting the state from complying with the Real ID Act, by a vote of 83–69 and 3 present. On May 13, 2009, the
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8259:
8083:
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7163:
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609:
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6137:
6119:
4731:
Libertarian gets ticketed on purpose to make argument in court Libertarian gets ticketed on purpose to make argument in court
4246:
798:
Applicants must provide at least two documents showing their address, but these documents do not need to be verified further.
733:
371:
5220:
3145:, stated: "Real ID is an unfunded mandate that violates the Constitution's 10th Amendment on state powers, destroys states'
2701:
and after arrival at the destination, but they may still present any of the acceptable documents at the airport checkpoint.
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8296:
6758:
6189:
3411:
2726:
2572:
Before boarding an airline flight in the United States, passengers must pass through an airport checkpoint operated by the
2538:
6347:
3237:
time, Real IDs could be required to vote, collect a Social Security check, access Medicaid, open a bank account, go to an
779:, and the legal presence of foreign nationals must be verified with the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) through the
8132:
7959:
7899:
7796:
7172:
6971:
6649:
3334:
1049:
July 21, 2014: areas of federal facilities and nuclear power plants accessible only to employees, contractors, and guests
744:. The amendment also repealed federal funds that the original law had provided for states to assist in their compliance.
5988:
5086:
4869:
801:
Birth certificates must be verified through the Electronic Verification of Vital Events (EVVE) system maintained by the
8073:
7324:
7220:
6781:
6282:
4808:
4027:
3628:
3193:
2746:
2674:
669:
382:
328:
302:
217:
4015:
8234:
7108:
6894:
6354:
3110:
2912:
Many state legislatures strongly opposed the Real ID Act, before the states eventually complied with it years later.
2625:
867:
809:
625:
515:
161:
8431:
8321:
7954:
7731:
7582:
6943:
5419:
Andrew J. Pincus, Charles A. Rothfeld, Robert Dreher, Brian Segee, Dan Kahan, Terri-Lei O'Malley (March 17, 2008).
5364:
4639:
4211:
3326:
3149:
and consolidates every American's private information, leaving all of us far more vulnerable to identity thieves".
2889:
2859:
859:
617:
249:
63:
4344:
4263:
4229:
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as a federal legislation in an area that, under the terms of the Tenth Amendment, was the province of the states.
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8337:
8140:
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7660:
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7315:
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6481:
6474:
6467:
6460:
6453:
6446:
6289:
6107:
6099:
5124:
3271:
2576:, which requires that passengers age 18 and older present an identification document whose name must match their
879:
127:
119:
8202:
4569:
601:, to issue regulations establishing standards for identification documents issued by the states, and prohibited
8593:
8156:
8098:
7469:
7352:
7186:
7149:
7071:
6978:
6887:
6802:
5697:
5150:
4429:
3574:
The 9/11 Commission Report: Final Report of the National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States
3259:
2933:
871:
776:
741:
711:
374:
366:
359:
354:
8643:
8527:
8393:
8249:
8116:
7373:
7264:
6992:
5535:
5515:"Congressional, religious, cultural and academic leaders urge Supreme Court to hear challenge to border wall"
2534:
764:
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5169:
8093:
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7034:
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75:
5883:"Artful Concealment and Strategic Visibility: Transgender Bodies & U.S. State Surveillance After 9/11"
3908:
3884:
3860:
3731:
3704:
3656:
3597:
3573:
7974:
7048:
6839:
6439:
6055:
5966:
4166:
4148:
4130:
4094:
4076:
4058:
3406:
3386:
2892:-ME), with four cosponsors, would have extended the deadlines for states to comply with the Real ID Act.
2738:
2669:
703:
17:
5292:
8663:
8653:
8638:
8532:
8517:
8413:
7969:
7726:
7675:
7655:
7639:
7635:
7631:
7538:
7529:
7476:
7027:
6103:
6079:
3896:
3872:
3848:
3719:
3692:
3644:
3585:
3222:
2648:
2641:
413:
7551:
6083:
5914:
5282:"Floridians Against REAL ID: Florida Driver's License Citizen Protection Act as of September 19, 2011"
4662:
3969:
3478:"Implementing the REAL ID Act: Intergovernmental Conflict and Cooperation in Homeland Security Policy"
3325:
In 2020, the section of the Real ID Act waived laws that could interfere with the construction of the
2697:
may be required to present more specific documents, such as a passport or visa, to the airline during
2444:
885:
Other sections of the Real ID Act ordered some reports and pilot projects related to border security.
878:
and the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2008 extended this provision to a much longer portion of the
668:
on May 11, 2005. The identification document provisions of the Real ID Act were codified as a note in
112:
8403:
7996:
7771:
7432:
7271:
7140:
5992:
5790:"Here are the states where you can (and cannot) change your gender designation on official documents"
5763:
5592:
5194:
4835:
4934:
8705:
8633:
8456:
8006:
7979:
7914:
7766:
7665:
7133:
6846:
3396:
3214:
2566:
1780:
875:
3905:
3881:
3857:
3728:
3701:
3653:
3594:
729:, extended the deadline for states to comply with the Real ID Act to at least September 30, 2021.
8451:
7858:
7853:
7776:
7761:
7746:
7741:
7736:
7721:
7700:
7685:
7446:
6014:
5665:
5034:
4604:
4515:
3264:
2751:
2714:
2422:
1040:
718:) were eligible for driver licenses and identification cards when admitted to the United States.
5745:
4921:
4247:"South Carolina Joins State to State Verification Service (S2S) and Driver History Record (DHR)"
3354:
3329:
negatively impacted the natural and cultural environment of the border area. One example was at
8699:
8124:
7396:
6936:
4909:
4897:
4885:
4403:
3668:
3454:
3401:
772:
737:
582:
306:
288:
5022:
4415:
4370:"Washington residents will need REAL ID-compliant identification to fly starting October 2020"
4356:
3609:
698:
On December 17, 2018, Congress amended the Real ID Act to remove an outdated reference to the
241:
8186:
7929:
7924:
7690:
7064:
6825:
6818:
4900:, REAL ID Repeal and Identification Security Enhancement Act of 2007, United States Congress.
4776:
4752:"Will REAL ID Actually Make Us Safer? An Examination of Privacy and Civil Liberties Concerns"
3165:
2742:
2615:
839:
812:, but the foreign passports themselves do not need to be verified with the issuing authority.
645:
594:
466:
446:
426:
403:
4998:
4184:
3680:
3050:
in passing legislation opposing the Real ID Act. Similar resolutions were introduced in the
46:
8578:
8548:
8522:
8512:
8507:
8497:
8254:
8229:
6723:
6700:
6693:
6129:
5560:
3330:
3051:
2967:
2786:
2694:
2631:
2462:
2274:
1161:
653:
570:
538:
453:
438:
5099:
458:
418:
8:
8487:
8194:
7964:
7801:
7751:
7615:
5579:
4635:
4002:
3391:
3225:
argued that this was a trivial distinction, and that the new cards were in fact national
3181:
3173:
2828:
2549:
2493:
794:
The Real ID regulations, issued by DHS, clarified some of the verification requirements:
641:
558:
503:
495:
4116:
4044:
3827:
8492:
8281:
8063:
7359:
6656:
6556:
6021:
4973:
3941:
3858:
104–208: Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act of 1996 (text)
3530:
3314:
3270:
The Data Privacy and Integrity Advisory Committee, which was established to advise the
3039:
2932:
million in five years to implement all aspects of the bill. The resolution vote in the
2690:
Passengers under 18 are not required to present identification at airport checkpoints.
2653:
2597:
2507:
2114:
1542:
406:
8301:
5989:"AIUSA Issue Brief: The REAL ID Act of 2005 and Its Negative Impact on Asylum Seekers"
5337:
3924:
3793:
8648:
8623:
8502:
8482:
8306:
8149:
8011:
7094:
6716:
6549:
5948:
5170:"Greitens signs Real ID legislation, putting Missouri in compliance with federal law"
5087:
https://www.azcentral.com/specials/special12/articles/0618real-id0618.html?&wired
4955:
4533:
3381:
3376:
3350:
3238:
3206:
3177:
2916:
2824:
2637:
2503:
1067:
726:
613:
433:
245:
3358:
2827:, the Real ID Act was subsequently attached by the House Republican leadership as a
1058:
January 22, 2018: boarding federally regulated commercial aircraft (airline flights)
8613:
8588:
8264:
7695:
7680:
5894:
5670:
4836:"Real ID Act Attached to "Must-Pass" Spending Bill Imposes Anti-Immigrant Measures"
4781:
4691:
4618:
3938:
3790:
3635:, Notes, Improved Security for Drivers' Licenses and Personal Identification Cards.
3632:
3527:
3489:
3146:
3071:
2944:
2698:
2403:
1482:
1383:
1044:
707:
221:
6087:
5859:
5621:
5536:
Defenders of Wildlife, et al., v. Michael Chertoff, Secretary of Homeland Security
8628:
8553:
7781:
7124:
6929:
5567:
5309:
5263:
4873:
3346:
3114:
2770:
843:
629:
605:
from accepting identification documents that did not conform to these standards.
578:
519:
487:
209:
205:
201:
197:
193:
189:
185:
181:
177:
173:
169:
165:
8399:
Border Security, Economic Opportunity, and Immigration Modernization Act of 2013
4935:"An Act To Prohibit Maine from Participating in the Federal REAL ID Act of 2005"
4512:"Florida LP Chairman Adrian Wyllie surrenders license in protest of REAL ID act"
3184:
rejected the challenge. On March 17, 2008, the attorneys filed a petition for a
2687:
acceptable form of identification will be required to pass through checkpoints.
8678:
8668:
8436:
8164:
7791:
7299:
4840:
4482:
4329:"New York Becomes 41st State To Join State-to-State Verification Service (S2S)"
3769:
3342:
3138:
3027:
2840:
2808:
2718:
2476:
2349:
2165:
1832:
1805:
1518:
665:
338:
320:
292:
284:
4600:
4586:
4530:"PA State Rep. Dennis O'Brien - Rohrer to Join ACLJ and ACLU Opposing Real ID"
4511:
3494:
3477:
691:
On January 7, 2008, the Court Security Improvement Act of 2007 specified that
8721:
8558:
8179:
7227:
6767:
6512:
6114:
5952:
5246:"HB 109 - Issuance and Renewal of Drivers' Licenses and Identification Cards"
4866:
4747:
3226:
3095:
3067:
3011:
2885:
2800:
2782:
2759:
2577:
2298:
2066:
1470:
1434:
1245:
903:
808:
U.S. passports and U.S. visas on foreign passports must be verified with the
649:
589:(IRTPA), enacted to implement the commission's recommendations, directed the
550:
511:
4812:
3681:
H.R. 3398 (115th): Real ID Act Modification for Freely Associated States Act
3595:
108–458: Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004 (text)
2721:; immigrant advocacy groups; human and civil rights organizations, like the
648:, H.R. 1268, the Emergency Supplemental Appropriations Act for Defense, the
8683:
8446:
7869:
Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act (IIRIRA) (1996)
7786:
6751:
6432:
5406:"Conservation Groups Challenge Chertoff's Waiver Power as Unconstitutional"
5392:"Border Fence Construction: San Pedro Riparian NCA – Defenders of Wildlife"
4454:
4345:
REAL ID Documents and Digital Driver's Licenses (US states and territories)
3954:
REAL ID Act of 2005 Implementation: An Interagency Security Committee Guide
3748:
3083:
3023:
3015:
2937:
2855:
2774:
2730:
2603:
2177:
2090:
1988:
1877:
1846:
States and territories by year of joining the system to share ID databases
1665:
1653:
1494:
1221:
676:
5899:
5882:
5694:"Real ID. Threatening Your Privacy Through an Unfunded Government Mandate"
5643:
4888:, Identification Security Enhancement Act of 2007, United States Congress.
4331:. American Association of Motor Vehicle Administrators. September 3, 2024.
4303:. American Association of Motor Vehicle Administrators. September 5, 2023.
2741:; consumer and patient protection groups; some gun rights groups, such as
7843:
7013:
6964:
6880:
5746:"Homeland Security's Own Privacy Panel Declines to Endorse License Rules"
5128:
5046:
4286:. American Association of Motor Vehicle Administrators. January 17, 2023.
4097:. U.S. Department of Homeland Security. December 22, 2020. Archived from
3812:. American Association of Motor Vehicle Administrators. October 26, 2022.
3288:
3243:
3229:, due to the uniform national standards, the linked databases created by
3169:
2766:
2734:
2433:
2141:
1506:
1332:
1137:
1091:
States and territories by year of DHS certification as Real ID compliant
945:
894:
803:
National Association for Public Health Statistics and Information Systems
657:
637:
531:
527:
502:
must satisfy to be accepted for accessing federal government facilities,
4215:
2881:), with 41 cosponsors, all Democrats. This bill did not advance either.
131:
8673:
7581:
4317:. American Association of Motor Vehicle Administrators. March 18, 2024.
3189:
2621:
2511:
2454:
2391:
2078:
1765:
1692:
1569:
31:
5941:"Terrorism and asylum seekers: why the Real ID Act is a false promise"
5840:
5816:"Non-Binary, Gender X Driver's Licenses, Passports Gaining Popularity"
4383:
4269:. American Association of Motor Vehicle Administrators. December 2022.
4214:. American Association of Motor Vehicle Administrators. Archived from
3702:
116–136: Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (text)
3233:, and the requirement of such identification for domestic air travel.
2873:
A similar bill was introduced on February 16, 2007, by Representative
8659:
National Korean American Service & Education Consortium (NAKASEC)
8408:
8363:
7879:
American Competitiveness and Workforce Improvement Act (ACWIA) (1998)
7874:
Nicaraguan Adjustment and Central American Relief Act (NACARA) (1997)
7756:
7705:
6094:
6043:
Sacred Arizona spring drying up as border wall construction continues
5940:
5693:
5332:
3118:
3099:
3059:
3031:
2991:
2983:
2542:
2129:
2102:
2054:
1889:
1458:
1422:
1257:
1233:
930:
919:
898:
863:
722:
621:
363:
253:
4573:
608:
In February 2005, less than two months after IRTPA was enacted, the
8269:
8001:
7991:
6795:
4235:. American Association of Motor Vehicle Administrators. April 2022.
3153:
3063:
3055:
3035:
3019:
3003:
2995:
2987:
2979:
2963:
2959:
2832:
2778:
2659:
2593:
2519:
2286:
2223:
2153:
2000:
1976:
1964:
1916:
1904:
1753:
1704:
1629:
1605:
1593:
1530:
1446:
1344:
1197:
1149:
1125:
926:
907:
856:
Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act of 1996
702:(terminated in 1994) and to clarify that citizens of its successor
7864:
Immigration and Nationality Technical Corrections Act (INTCA) 1994
7507:
Small Business Liability Relief and Brownfields Revitalization Act
4430:"What Travelers Need to Know About the Real ID Deadline Extension"
4252:. American Association of Motor Vehicle Administrators. July 2022.
2831:
to H.R.1268, a bill dealing with emergency appropriations for the
2762:, participated in a joint press conference with the ACLU in 2008.
4811:. National Immigration Law Center. March 31, 2005. Archived from
3338:
3103:
3091:
2999:
2955:
2896:
2884:
A more limited bill, introduced on February 13, 2007, by Senator
2506:, a white star in a gold or black circle, a white star in a gold
2458:
2364:
2325:
2247:
2039:
2012:
1940:
1741:
1641:
1368:
1296:
1284:
1269:
1173:
1078:
of the Real ID Act and its ability to enhance national security.
805:(NAPHSIS), rather than the authority that issued the certificate.
680:
612:
passed the Real ID Act as H.R. 418, introduced by Representative
507:
5447:"U.S. Supreme Court Asked to Answer: Is Chertoff Above the Law?"
5195:"Missouri House of Representatives - Bill Information for HB151"
5049:, Electronic Privacy Information Center. Accessed July 23, 2007.
3258:
Another privacy concern raised by privacy advocates such as the
3205:
For more detailed arguments for and against identity cards, see
2453:
Sample driver licenses compliant with the Real ID Act issued by
656:
removed the Real ID Act from the bill, added sections regarding
8743:
United States federal defense and national security legislation
8067:
7935:
Ending Discriminatory Bans on Entry to The United States (2021)
7201:
White House Office of Faith-Based and Neighborhood Partnerships
4601:"Real ID Exposed at National Press Club with Mark Lerner, Host"
4315:"New Jersey To Begin Using State-to-State Verification Service"
3079:
3007:
2971:
2951:
2863:
2745:; many state lawmakers, state legislatures, and governors; the
2611:
2523:
2337:
2259:
2235:
2027:
1716:
1557:
1395:
1320:
1308:
633:
523:
7895:
American Competitiveness in the 21st Century Act (AC21) (2000)
7454:
Committee on Climate Change Science and Technology Integration
4170:
4152:
4134:
4098:
4080:
4062:
3547:"DHS Announces Extension of REAL ID Full Enforcement Deadline"
3511:
652:, and Tsunami Relief 2005, which was passed by the House. The
597:
committee with representatives from state governments and the
8748:
United States federal immigration and nationality legislation
3576:, U.S. Government Publishing Office, July 22, 2004. Page 390.
3341:, one of the only reliable above-ground water sources in the
3230:
3087:
3043:
2975:
2925:
2920:
2878:
2607:
2515:
2376:
1928:
1817:
1617:
1410:
893:
The Real ID Act expanded the grounds for inadmissibility and
715:
6159:
5444:
4230:"AAMVA Congratulates Alabama on a Successful S2S DHR Launch"
5599:
5421:"Petition for Writ of Certiorari re: San Pedro Border Case"
4607:
from the original on December 13, 2021 – via YouTube.
4518:
from the original on December 13, 2021 – via YouTube.
4487:
3970:"Surprise: TSA May Not Enforce Real ID Next Year After All"
3751:, U.S. Department of Homeland Security, September 28, 2022.
3301:
3185:
3142:
3075:
3047:
2722:
2310:
2189:
1952:
1581:
1356:
1209:
1185:
767:
or a foreign national legally present in the United States.
8738:
Riders to United States federal appropriations legislation
5938:
4714:
Judge to former gubernatorial candidate: Good try, no dice
4372:. Transportation Security Administration. October 1, 2019.
4030:, U.S. Department of Homeland Security, December 20, 2013.
4018:, U.S. Department of Homeland Security, December 20, 2012.
3654:
110–177: Court Security Improvement Act of 2007 (text)
3353:. The spring and surrounding lands are also sacred to the
2713:'s Real ID Act was strongly supported by the conservative
2531:
enhanced driver licenses and enhanced identification cards
640:. In March, the text of the Real ID Act was appended as a
57:
An Act to establish and rapidly implement regulations for
7235:
Economic Growth and Tax Relief Reconciliation Act of 2001
5723:
5561:
DHS: REAL ID Proposed Guidelines: Questions & Answers
4619:"In '08 presidential race, who's the most tech-friendly?"
4555:
3956:, Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency, 2019.
3906:
110–161: Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2008 (text)
3729:
116–260: Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021 (text)
3549:. U.S. Department of Homeland Security. December 5, 2022.
2580:. Many types of documents are accepted for this purpose:
581:
to provide recommendations to prevent future attacks. In
360:
Real ID Act Modification for Freely Associated States Act
5512:
2561:
866:, with a waiver of two specific environmental laws, the
5467:
4187:. American Association of Motor Vehicle Administrators.
3133:
Some critics claimed that the Real ID Act violated the
2902:
Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs
2588:
Enhanced driver license or enhanced identification card
7404:
Tax Increase Prevention and Reconciliation Act of 2005
7157:
President's Council on Service and Civic Participation
7088:
Higher Education Relief Opportunities For Students Act
4169:. U.S. Department of Homeland Security. Archived from
4151:. U.S. Department of Homeland Security. Archived from
4133:. U.S. Department of Homeland Security. Archived from
4115:. U.S. Department of Homeland Security. Archived from
4079:. U.S. Department of Homeland Security. Archived from
4061:. U.S. Department of Homeland Security. Archived from
4043:. U.S. Department of Homeland Security. Archived from
4001:. U.S. Department of Homeland Security. Archived from
3773:, Real ID driver's licenses, and identification cards.
3218:
2895:
On June 15, 2009, Senator Daniel Akaka introduced the
933:
and their dependents, with an annual limit of 10,500.
683:. ID is a common acronym for identification document.
675:
Although the title of the law has the term REAL ID in
7900:
Legal Immigration Family Equity Act (LIFE Act) (2000)
7242:
Jobs and Growth Tax Relief Reconciliation Act of 2003
5582:", ACLU, January 15, 2008. Accessed February 17, 2008
5077:
Tennessee State Legislature. Accessed August 8, 2007.
2514:, or a white star in a gold state map in the case of
949:
Real ID Act compliance by year of DHS certification.
8604:
Coalition for Humane Immigrant Rights of Los Angeles
6854:
Foreign Investment and National Security Act of 2007
4621:, CNET, February 5, 2008. Accessed February 17, 2008
4028:
DHS releases phased enforcement schedule for Real ID
3117:
unanimously passed the bill 43–0. Missouri Governor
2465:. The star symbol appears in the upper right corner.
819:
American Association of Motor Vehicle Administrators
6112:
5023:'Washington Becomes Fourth State to Oppose REAL ID'
5125:"Status of Anti-Real ID Legislation in the States"
3897:
3873:
3849:
3720:
3693:
3645:
3586:
3157:government as guaranteed in the First Amendment".
888:
27:2005 United States law on identification documents
5624:. Privacy Rights Clearinghouse. February 28, 2007
5445:Joe Vickless; Oliver Bernstein (March 17, 2008).
5360:"Real ID Act a Real Intrusion on Rights, Privacy"
5221:"UPDATE: Gov. Walker signs REAL ID bill into law"
3135:Tenth Amendment to the United States Constitution
2556:
660:for workers, and passed it in April. In May, the
8719:
8348:United States Border Patrol interior checkpoints
7007:National Security Entry-Exit Registration System
6425:Joint session of Congress (September 11 attacks)
5860:"Are You a Boy or a Girl - Show Me Your REAL ID"
5622:"Real ID Act Will Increase Exposure to ID Theft"
5037:, CNET News, May 8, 2007. Accessed May 19, 2016.
2868:Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act
587:Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act
147:Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act
5580:ACLU Of Maryland Blasts New Real ID Regulations
5470:"Congress to hold field hearing on border wall"
4016:DHS determines 13 states meet Real ID standards
2839:relief funding, which was widely regarded as a
2666:Transportation Worker Identification Credential
2565:Sample diplomatic driver license issued by the
679:, it does not provide a meaning for REAL as an
30:"Real ID" redirects here. For another use, see
8609:Coalition for Comprehensive Immigration Reform
8287:List of people deported from the United States
7339:Job Creation and Worker Assistance Act of 2002
7309:Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of 2002
5025:, ACLU, April 5, 2007. Accessed July 23, 2007.
4688:"National Coalition Against Domestic Violence"
3761:
3759:
3757:
3612:, REAL ID Act of 2005, United States Congress.
781:Systematic Alien Verification for Entitlements
8034:Trump administration family separation policy
7567:
6145:
5920:. National Immigration Law Center. March 2005
5593:"ACLU Scorecard on Final Real ID Regulations"
5513:Joe Vickless; Cat Lazaroff (April 18, 2008).
4809:"Immigrants' Rights Update, Vol. 19, Issue 2"
4177:
3213:not a "national ID" system. Websites such as
8084:Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS)
7367:Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008
7346:Mortgage Forgiveness Debt Relief Act of 2007
7279:Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007
5468:Brian Segee; Cat Lazaroff (April 25, 2008).
4212:"State-to-State (S2S) Verification Services"
3882:109–367: Secure Fence Act of 2006 (text)
3715:
3713:
2795:National Coalition Against Domestic Violence
8584:California Coalition for Immigration Reform
7293:Financial Literacy and Education Commission
6916:Government response to September 11 attacks
6902:Emmett Till Unsolved Civil Rights Crime Act
5666:"Real ID Act mostly helps identity thieves"
4598:
4556:"North Carolinians Against Real ID website"
4477:
4475:
4386:. Washington State Department of Licensing.
3810:"State-to-State (S2S) Verification Service"
3754:
3624:
3622:
3620:
3618:
2797:also voiced concern about the Real ID Act.
2785:called it "a huge mistake." The subsequent
752:
8619:Federation for American Immigration Reform
7574:
7560:
7332:Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008
6874:Adam Walsh Child Protection and Safety Act
6152:
6138:
5967:"Anti-immigrant 'REAL ID' Act Becomes Law"
5764:"Changing Gender On Your Driver's License"
5551:", CNET, May 6, 2005. Accessed May 5, 2007
4663:"Real ID worries domestic violence groups"
4340:
4338:
4206:
4204:
4202:
4200:
4198:
4196:
4194:
2729:(ACLJ); privacy advocacy groups, like the
2662:for U.S. federal employees and contractors
1024:the deadline was extended numerous times.
313:Reported by the joint conference committee
8394:Uniting American Families Act (2000–2013)
8389:Comprehensive Immigration Reform Act 2007
8379:Comprehensive Immigration Reform Act 2006
8322:Unaccompanied minors from Central America
8079:U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services
7849:Immigration Reform and Control Act (1986)
7286:Fair and Accurate Credit Transactions Act
6909:Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act
6543:Jordan–United States Free Trade Agreement
5898:
5880:
5720:"Federal ID plan raises privacy concerns"
5065:, April 17, 2007. Accessed July 23, 2007.
4418:, U.S. Department of State, May 30, 2017.
4406:, Transportation Security Administration.
4357:Enhanced Drivers Licenses: What Are They?
4264:"Hawaii To Begin Using S2S Functionality"
3785:
3783:
3781:
3779:
3710:
3541:
3539:
3493:
3475:
3471:
3469:
3467:
3465:
3463:
3294:
2725:; Christian advocacy groups, such as the
2660:Personal Identity Verification (PIV) card
2654:U.S. Department of Defense identification
925:A section of the Real ID Act created the
97:April 21, 2014–January 22, 2018 (partial)
8728:Acts of the 109th United States Congress
8599:Center for Migration Studies of New York
7742:Immigration Act 1917 (Asian Barred Zone)
7611:Nationality law in the American Colonies
6123:) is being considered for deletion. See
5915:"The 'REAL ID' Act Is a Really Bad Idea"
5845:National Center for Transgender Equality
5219:reports, Staff and Wire (May 19, 2017).
4757:United States Committee on the Judiciary
4472:
3615:
3522:
3520:
2848:American Immigration Lawyers Association
2769:strongly supported the Real ID Act, but
2765:Among the 2008 presidential candidates,
2560:
2539:international travel within the Americas
2496:. The U.S. flag appears near the photo.
1039:April 21, 2014: DHS headquarters at the
944:
8733:Identity documents of the United States
8533:"Faithful Patriot" (2018–present)
8089:Executive Office for Immigration Review
7514:Water Resources Development Act of 2007
7251:Consumer Product Safety Improvement Act
6276:Dismissal of U.S. attorneys controversy
5857:
5218:
4833:
4660:
4427:
4359:, U.S. Department of Homeland Security.
4335:
4191:
3993:
3991:
3964:
3962:
3821:
3819:
3744:
3742:
3740:
3561:"TSA Punts REAL ID Enforcement To 2027"
3514:, U.S. Department of Homeland Security.
3372:Coalition for a Secure Driver's License
2541:by land or sea. They are marked with a
1081:
929:, a type of work visa for nationals of
14:
8720:
8549:California DREAM Act (2006–2010)
7411:Tax Relief and Health Care Act of 2006
7021:Secondary Security Screening Selection
5787:
5089:Napolitano: Real ID a no-go in Arizona
4924:, PASS ID Act, United States Congress.
4774:
4509:
4428:Puckett, Jessica (February 18, 2022).
4399:
4397:
4395:
4393:
4347:, Keesing Technologies, February 2024.
4113:"Current status of states/territories"
4041:"Current status of states/territories"
3804:
3802:
3776:
3536:
3460:
3450:
3448:
3446:
2647:Photo identification card issued by a
2574:Transportation Security Administration
1547:
1400:
1274:
1115:
1087:2020, and of all territories by 2024.
700:Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands
544:
355:Court Security Improvement Act of 2007
7797:Alien Fiancées and Fiancés Act (1946)
7555:
6951:National Construction Safety Team Act
6710:Strategic Offensive Reductions Treaty
6133:
6045:, National Geographic, July 20, 2020.
5814:Perry, Tatiania (November 29, 2021).
5813:
5059:'Gov signs law rejecting Real ID act'
4789:from the original on December 7, 2013
4746:
3553:
3517:
3507:
3505:
3444:
3442:
3440:
3438:
3436:
3434:
3432:
3430:
3428:
3426:
2907:
2727:American Center for Law & Justice
858:had provided for improvements to the
734:Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021
372:Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021
8518:"Return to Sender" (2006–2007)
7823:Immigration and Nationality Act 1952
7484:Magnuson–Stevens Reauthorization Act
7383:Renovation, Repair and Painting Rule
7000:U.S. Department of Homeland Security
5674:. San Jose, California. May 19, 2005
5646:. PrivacyActivism. February 28, 2007
4638:. September 25, 2007. Archived from
4570:"Floridians Against REAL ID website"
3999:"REAL ID Frequently Asked Questions"
3988:
3959:
3816:
3737:
3412:Western Hemisphere Travel Initiative
3128:
2412:
8204:Department of State v. Muñoz (2024)
8174:DHS v. Regents of the Univ. of Cal.
8059:Immigration and Customs Enforcement
7661:Act to Encourage Immigration (1864)
7173:Prison Rape Elimination Act of 2003
6650:Darfur Peace and Accountability Act
5939:Marisa Silenzi Cianciarulo (2006).
5761:
5644:"The Many Faces of the Real ID Act"
5494:. Defenders of Wildlife. April 2008
5100:"Real ID Nullification Legislation"
5047:'National ID Cards and REAL ID Act'
5035:"Congress rethinks the Real ID Act"
4483:"Congress rethinks the Real ID Act"
4416:Diplomatic Note 17-823: Real ID Act
4390:
3799:
3335:Organ Pipe Cactus National Monument
3200:
3164:On November 1, 2007, attorneys for
490:that establishes requirements that
214:Identification document provisions:
92:Identification document provisions:
24:
8292:Mexico–United States border crisis
8074:U.S. Customs and Border Protection
7325:Flood Insurance Reform Act of 2004
7221:American Jobs Creation Act of 2004
6592:Dominican Republic–Central America
5858:McGrath, James (January 1, 2009).
5549:FAQ: How Real ID will affect you
5368:. February 6, 2008. Archived from
4661:Broache, Anne (February 8, 2008).
4632:"Mike Huckabee: The RCP Interview"
4455:"REAL ID FAQs | Homeland Security"
3902:Tooltip Public Law (United States)
3878:Tooltip Public Law (United States)
3854:Tooltip Public Law (United States)
3828:"What Is Real REAL ID Compliance?"
3825:
3749:REAL ID Frequently Asked Questions
3725:Tooltip Public Law (United States)
3698:Tooltip Public Law (United States)
3650:Tooltip Public Law (United States)
3591:Tooltip Public Law (United States)
3502:
3482:Publius: The Journal of Federalism
3423:
2675:Veteran Health Identification Card
849:
25:
8759:
8513:"Streamline" (2005–present)
8235:Central American migrant caravans
7782:Bracero Program (1942–1964)
6895:Born-Alive Infants Protection Act
6127:to help reach a consensus. ›
6073:
4848:from the original on July 7, 2013
4834:Shahani, Aarti (April 29, 2005).
4599:Steve Meyer (February 10, 2009).
3246:in order to open a bank account.
3152:Former Republican Representative
3111:Missouri House of Representatives
2626:employment authorization document
940:
868:National Environmental Policy Act
8297:Mexico–United States border wall
7772:Filipino Repatriation Act (1935)
7583:Immigration to the United States
7102:Criticism of government response
7081:Higher Education Opportunity Act
6972:President's Surveillance Program
6048:
6036:
6007:
5981:
5959:
5932:
5907:
5874:
5851:
5833:
5807:
5781:
5755:
5738:
5712:
5686:
5658:
5636:
5614:
5585:
5572:
5554:
5541:
5529:
5506:
5484:
5461:
5438:
5412:
5398:
5384:
5365:The Atlanta Journal-Constitution
5250:Florida House of Representatives
3141:, the executive director of the
2846:A May 3, 2005, statement by the
2475:
2443:
2432:
2421:
2396:
2384:
2369:
2357:
2342:
2330:
2318:
2303:
2291:
2279:
2267:
2252:
2240:
2228:
2216:
2182:
2170:
2158:
2146:
2134:
2122:
2107:
2095:
2083:
2071:
2059:
2047:
2032:
2020:
2005:
1993:
1981:
1969:
1957:
1945:
1933:
1921:
1909:
1897:
1882:
1870:
1825:
1810:
1798:
1773:
1758:
1746:
1734:
1709:
1697:
1685:
1670:
1658:
1646:
1634:
1622:
1610:
1598:
1586:
1574:
1562:
1550:
1535:
1523:
1511:
1499:
1487:
1475:
1463:
1451:
1439:
1427:
1415:
1403:
1388:
1376:
1361:
1349:
1337:
1325:
1313:
1301:
1289:
1277:
1262:
1250:
1238:
1226:
1214:
1202:
1190:
1178:
1166:
1154:
1142:
1130:
1118:
45:
8054:Department of Homeland Security
7498:Renewable Identification Number
7316:Forest Land Enhancement Program
7258:Credit Rating Agency Reform Act
7180:Public Service Loan Forgiveness
6958:NIST WTC Disaster Investigation
6095:Statute Compilations collection
5788:Migdon, Brooke (May 31, 2022).
5352:
5336:. March 6, 2007. Archived from
5328:"Opposing view: Repeal Real ID"
5320:
5302:
5274:
5256:
5238:
5212:
5187:
5161:
5143:
5117:
5092:
5080:
5068:
5052:
5040:
5028:
5016:
4991:
4966:
4948:
4927:
4915:
4903:
4891:
4879:
4860:
4827:
4801:
4768:
4740:
4723:
4706:
4680:
4654:
4624:
4611:
4592:
4580:
4562:
4548:
4522:
4503:
4447:
4421:
4409:
4376:
4362:
4350:
4321:
4307:
4290:
4273:
4256:
4239:
4222:
4159:
4141:
4123:
4105:
4087:
4069:
4051:
4033:
4021:
4009:
3947:
3931:
3914:
3890:
3866:
3842:
3686:
3674:
3662:
3638:
3272:Department of Homeland Security
889:Inadmissibility and deportation
599:Department of Homeland Security
8594:Center for Immigration Studies
8523:"Jump Start" (2006–2008)
8508:"Front Line" (2004–2005)
8158:Chamber of Commerce v. Whiting
8099:Office of Refugee Resettlement
7854:American Homecoming Act (1989)
7470:Diesel Emissions Reduction Act
7390:SAFE Transportation Equity Act
7353:Pension Protection Act of 2006
7187:Unborn Victims of Violence Act
7150:Partial-Birth Abortion Ban Act
7072:Election Assistance Commission
6979:Terrorist Surveillance Program
6888:Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act
6383:State funeral of Ronald Reagan
5945:Harvard Journal on Legislation
5698:Electronic Frontier Foundation
5167:
5075:'Bill Information for SJR0248'
4185:"IT Systems Participation Map"
3603:
3579:
3567:
3320:
3260:Electronic Frontier Foundation
3180:. On December 18, 2007, Judge
3172:filed an amended complaint in
2934:Maine House of Representatives
2854:On February 28, 2007, Senator
2773:called for it to be reviewed,
2557:Documents for boarding flights
2533:, which are only available to
872:Endangered Species Act of 1973
838:The Real ID Act increased the
828:
777:Social Security Administration
742:Social Security Administration
13:
1:
8644:Minuteman Civil Defense Corps
8488:"Peter Pan" (1960–1962)
8250:Eugenics in the United States
7374:Troubled Asset Relief Program
7265:Economic Stimulus Act of 2008
6993:Homeland Security Act of 2002
6058:. National Park Service. 2018
3563:. Forbes. September 26, 2024.
3476:Krajewska, Magdalena (2020).
3417:
2904:but did not advance further.
913:
842:for individuals applying for
747:
725:, enacted in response to the
686:
8312:Illegal immigrant population
8094:Board of Immigration Appeals
7930:Executive Order 13780 (2017)
7925:Executive Order 13769 (2017)
7818:UN Refugee Convention (1951)
7732:Gentlemen's Agreement (1907)
7035:Terrorist Screening Database
6986:NSA warrantless surveillance
6833:H-1B Visa Reform Act of 2004
6678:Vision for Space Exploration
6390:State funeral of Gerald Ford
6161:Presidency of George W. Bush
6120:Presidency of George W. Bush
5492:"Wildlife and Border Policy"
4777:"No Real Debate for Real ID"
4775:Zetter, Kim (May 10, 2005).
2805:Libertarian Party of Florida
2749:; and the editorial page of
2704:
2622:U.S. permanent resident card
897:of foreign nationals due to
758:The standards require that:
76:109th United States Congress
7:
8528:"Phalanx" (2010–2016)
8503:"Endgame" (2003–2012)
8374:McCain–Kennedy (2005)
8364:DREAM Act (2001–2010)
8343:Canada–United States border
8338:Mexico–United States border
7905:H-1B Visa Reform Act (2004)
7767:Tydings–McDuffie Act (1934)
7056:FISA Amendments Act of 2008
7049:Protect America Act of 2007
6840:L-1 Visa Reform Act of 2004
3407:United States Passport Card
3387:Internal passport of Russia
3365:
3345:and home to the endangered
2814:
2807:, drove without carrying a
2739:People for the American Way
2670:Merchant Mariner Credential
2636:Driver license issued by a
2602:DHS trusted traveler card (
880:Mexico–United States border
591:Secretary of Transportation
537:Enacted in response to the
500:U.S. states and territories
383:United States Supreme Court
283:on February 10, 2005 (
10:
8764:
8664:Negative Population Growth
8654:National Immigration Forum
8639:Migration Policy Institute
8414:US Citizenship Act of 2021
7970:Temporary protected status
7752:Emergency Quota Act (1921)
7477:Healthy Forests Initiative
7118:Medicare Modernization Act
7028:Terrorist Screening Center
6923:Rescue and recovery effort
6759:August 2001 daily briefing
6376:Presidential proclamations
5887:Surveillance & Society
5744:Ryan Singel. May 7, 2007.
4999:"Alaska State Legislature"
4974:"Alaska State Legislature"
4589:Accessed February 17, 2008
3249:
3204:
2943:On February 16, 2007, the
2656:, including for dependents
2649:federally recognized tribe
2381:
2354:
2315:
2264:
2213:
2119:
2044:
2017:
1894:
1867:
1822:
1795:
1770:
1731:
1682:
1373:
985:
775:must be verified with the
732:On December 27, 2020, the
414:Guerrero-Lasprilla v. Barr
29:
8692:
8567:
8541:
8475:
8422:
8356:
8330:
8213:
8107:
8042:
7997:Security Advisory Opinion
7947:
7887:
7810:
7714:
7648:
7624:
7603:
7590:
7523:
7433:Clean Boating Act of 2008
7420:
7272:Energy Policy Act of 2005
7210:
7141:Highly qualified teachers
6863:
6557:Trade promotion authority
6502:
6417:Joint session of Congress
6408:
6177:
6168:
5993:Amnesty International USA
4956:"Utah Legislature HR0002"
4867:AILA Statement on REAL ID
3671:, United States Congress.
3278:
2915:On January 25, 2007, the
2821:House Judiciary Committee
833:
389:
381:
353:
348:
233:
228:
153:
142:
137:
118:
108:
103:
81:
70:
53:
44:
8706:Missing in Brooks County
8634:Mexicans Without Borders
8134:US v. Bhagat Singh Thind
8007:National Origins Formula
7691:Chinese Exclusion (1882)
7666:Civil Rights Act of 1866
7530:← Clinton administration
7134:No Child Left Behind Act
6847:Secure Fence Act of 2006
6304:Supreme Court candidates
6269:Legislation and programs
6125:templates for discussion
5881:Beauchamp, Toby (2009).
3397:Secure Fence Act of 2006
2928:taxpayers at least $ 185
2803:, the then-chair of the
2567:U.S. Department of State
876:Secure Fence Act of 2006
753:Identification documents
704:Freely Associated States
610:House of Representatives
301:on April 21, 2005 (
7985:Central American Minors
7915:Secure Fence Act (2006)
7777:Nationality Act of 1940
7727:Naturalization Act 1906
7701:Immigration Act of 1891
7686:Immigration Act of 1882
7676:Naturalization Act 1870
7656:Naturalization Law 1802
7632:Naturalization Act 1790
7491:Renewable Fuel Standard
6745:Pre-attack intelligence
5517:. Defenders of Wildlife
5472:. Defenders of Wildlife
5449:. Defenders of Wildlife
4510:ccpafl (May 18, 2011).
3495:10.1093/publius/pjaa010
3109:On April 16, 2009, the
2781:flatly opposed it, and
2752:The Wall Street Journal
2693:Passengers boarding an
2529:Some states also offer
2490:enhanced driver license
1041:Nebraska Avenue Complex
721:On March 27, 2020, the
272:House Government Reform
268:House Homeland Security
260:Committee consideration
158:Immigration provisions:
154:U.S.C. sections amended
95:May 11, 2008 (original)
86:Immigration provisions:
8700:Borderland (TV series)
8554:Arizona SB 1070 (2010)
8027:Unaccompanied children
7802:Luce–Celler Act (1946)
7592:Relevant colonial era,
7539:Obama administration →
7447:Clear Skies Initiative
6056:"Quitobaquito Springs"
5977:(1). Fall–Winter 2005.
5566:March 4, 2007, at the
5104:Tenth Amendment Center
3402:United States passport
3295:Asylum and deportation
2642:Canadian Indian Status
2590:issued by a U.S. state
2569:
1020:
773:Social Security number
738:Social Security number
563:states and territories
327:on May 10, 2005 (
317:agreed to by the House
64:San Diego border fence
59:state driver's license
8277:Immigration reduction
8188:Niz-Chavez v. Garland
7792:War Brides Act (1945)
7671:14th Amendment (1868)
7461:Executive Order 13432
7440:Climate change policy
7065:Help America Vote Act
6826:Executive Order 13470
6819:Executive Order 13355
6297:Judicial appointments
5900:10.24908/ss.v6i4.3267
5841:"ID Documents Center"
5538:, U.S. Supreme Court.
4872:May 10, 2008, at the
4587:The Privacy Coalition
4173:on February 15, 2024.
4155:on December 31, 2017.
4137:on December 31, 2021.
4119:on December 31, 2016.
4101:on December 31, 2020.
4083:on December 31, 2019.
4065:on December 31, 2018.
3166:Defenders of Wildlife
2936:was 137–4 and in the
2743:Gun Owners of America
2564:
948:
646:omnibus spending bill
595:negotiated rulemaking
319:on May 5, 2005 (
256:) on January 26, 2005
8579:Arizona Border Recon
8559:Alabama HB 56 (2011)
8423:Immigration stations
8357:Proposed legislation
8255:Guest worker program
8230:Brooks County, Texas
8142:US v. Brignoni-Ponce
7859:Immigration Act 1990
7762:Immigration Act 1924
7747:Immigration Act 1918
7737:Immigration Act 1907
7722:Immigration Act 1903
6731:Communication issues
6724:September 11 attacks
6440:Mission Accomplished
6108:US Statutes at Large
5971:Civil Rights Monitor
5762:Rivelli, Elizabeth.
5547:McCullagh, Declan, "
5372:on February 12, 2008
5340:on February 22, 2008
5298:on January 13, 2012.
4737:(September 7, 2011).
4735:St. Petersburg Times
4218:on October 28, 2021.
3976:. September 12, 2024
3331:Quitobaquito Springs
3306:Civil Rights Monitor
3052:District of Columbia
2787:Obama administration
2695:international flight
2632:Border Crossing Card
2537:and may be used for
2463:District of Columbia
1384:District of Columbia
1082:State certifications
910:or other petitions.
650:Global War on Terror
626:U.S. immigration law
571:September 11 attacks
559:identification cards
539:September 11 attacks
530:, and specific work
516:U.S. immigration law
504:nuclear power plants
496:identification cards
454:Wilkinson v. Garland
8498:"Gatekeeper" (1994)
8425:and points of entry
8317:Reverse immigration
8196:Sanchez v. Mayorkas
8109:Supreme Court cases
7965:Visa Waiver Program
7960:Permanent residence
7787:Magnuson Act (1943)
7616:Plantation Act 1740
7194:2006 VRA Amendments
6534:by Condoleezza Rice
6520:International trips
6355:Impeachment efforts
6100:REAL ID Act of 2005
6080:REAL ID Act of 2005
5408:. November 1, 2007.
4815:on October 23, 2005
4642:on October 12, 2007
4636:Real Clear Politics
4617:McCullagh, Declan.
4434:Condé Nast Traveler
4047:on January 7, 2016.
3392:Registered Traveler
3265:Heritage Foundation
3182:Ellen Segal Huvelle
3174:U.S. District Court
2715:Heritage Foundation
2711:Bush administration
2550:state of Washington
2494:state of Washington
1847:
1678:U.S. Virgin Islands
1092:
810:Department of State
569:In response to the
545:Legislative history
506:, and for boarding
484:REAL ID Act of 2005
480:Real ID Act of 2005
229:Legislative history
149:§§ 5402, 5403, 7212
41:
40:Real ID Act of 2005
8282:Immigration reform
8118:US v. Wong Kim Ark
8064:U.S. Border Patrol
7980:Green Card Lottery
7948:Visas and policies
7910:Real ID Act (2005)
7844:Refugee Act (1980)
7596:international laws
7585:and related topics
7397:Sarbanes–Oxley Act
7360:Public Law 110-343
6657:Mexico City policy
6022:Human Rights Watch
5864:Nevada Law Journal
5602:. January 17, 2008
5314:The Florida Senate
5268:The Florida Senate
4536:on October 1, 2011
4005:on April 19, 2020.
3315:Human Rights Watch
3194:U.S. Supreme Court
2908:State legislatures
2747:Constitution Party
2598:U.S. passport card
2596:of any country or
2570:
1845:
1781:N. Mariana Islands
1090:
1021:
295:on March 16, 2005)
99:May 7, 2025 (full)
39:
8715:
8714:
8649:Minuteman Project
8624:Improve The Dream
8542:State legislation
8493:"Babylift" (1975)
8467:Washington Avenue
8462:Sullivan's Island
8384:STRIVE Act (2007)
8307:March for America
8260:Human trafficking
8150:Zadvydas v. Davis
8012:Expedited removal
7943:
7942:
7594:United States and
7549:
7548:
7095:Hurricane Katrina
6738:Military response
6717:USA Freedom Corps
6643:2002 steel tariff
6550:Trade Act of 2002
6498:
6497:
6489:2008 SOTU Address
6482:2007 SOTU Address
6475:2006 SOTU Address
6468:2005 SOTU Address
6461:2004 SOTU Address
6454:2003 SOTU Address
6447:2002 SOTU Address
6362:Executive actions
6283:Email controversy
5726:. August 16, 2007
5700:. August 16, 2007
5264:"Senate Bill 220"
4942:Maine Legislature
4718:Naples Daily News
4712:Jacob Carpenter,
3382:Internal passport
3377:Identity document
3351:Sonora mud turtle
3223:realnightmare.org
3207:Identity document
3178:U.S. Constitution
3129:Constitutionality
2940:unanimous, 34–0.
2917:Maine Legislature
2825:Jim Sensenbrenner
2638:Canadian province
2413:Document versions
2410:
2409:
1839:
1838:
1068:COVID-19 pandemic
1019:
1018:
727:COVID-19 pandemic
662:conference report
614:Jim Sensenbrenner
476:
475:
434:Nasrallah v. Barr
299:Passed the Senate
246:Jim Sensenbrenner
121:Statutes at Large
16:(Redirected from
8755:
8614:Community Change
8589:CASA of Maryland
8569:Non-governmental
8483:"Wetback" (1954)
8409:RAISE Act (2017)
8369:H.R. 4437 (2005)
7757:Cable Act (1922)
7706:Geary Act (1892)
7696:Scott Act (1888)
7601:
7600:
7576:
7569:
7562:
7553:
7552:
7542:
7533:
7516:
7509:
7500:
7493:
7486:
7479:
7472:
7463:
7456:
7449:
7442:
7435:
7413:
7406:
7399:
7392:
7385:
7376:
7369:
7362:
7355:
7348:
7341:
7334:
7327:
7318:
7311:
7302:
7295:
7288:
7281:
7274:
7267:
7260:
7253:
7244:
7237:
7230:
7223:
7203:
7196:
7189:
7182:
7175:
7166:
7159:
7152:
7143:
7136:
7127:
7120:
7111:
7104:
7097:
7090:
7083:
7074:
7067:
7058:
7051:
7044:
7037:
7030:
7023:
7016:
7009:
7002:
6995:
6988:
6981:
6974:
6967:
6960:
6953:
6946:
6939:
6932:
6925:
6918:
6911:
6904:
6897:
6890:
6883:
6876:
6856:
6849:
6842:
6835:
6828:
6821:
6812:
6805:
6798:
6791:
6784:
6777:
6770:
6761:
6754:
6747:
6740:
6733:
6726:
6719:
6712:
6703:
6696:
6689:
6680:
6673:
6666:
6659:
6652:
6645:
6636:
6629:
6622:
6615:
6608:
6601:
6594:
6587:
6580:
6573:
6566:
6559:
6552:
6545:
6536:
6529:
6522:
6515:
6491:
6484:
6477:
6470:
6463:
6456:
6449:
6442:
6435:
6428:
6420:
6401:
6399:Obama transition
6392:
6385:
6378:
6371:
6369:Executive orders
6364:
6357:
6350:
6343:
6334:
6327:
6320:
6313:
6306:
6299:
6292:
6290:Shoeing incident
6285:
6278:
6271:
6262:
6255:
6248:
6241:
6234:
6227:
6220:
6213:
6206:
6199:
6197:2nd inauguration
6192:
6190:1st inauguration
6185:
6175:
6174:
6154:
6147:
6140:
6131:
6130:
6068:
6067:
6065:
6063:
6052:
6046:
6040:
6034:
6033:
6031:
6029:
6019:
6011:
6005:
6004:
6002:
6000:
5985:
5979:
5978:
5963:
5957:
5956:
5936:
5930:
5929:
5927:
5925:
5919:
5911:
5905:
5904:
5902:
5878:
5872:
5871:
5855:
5849:
5848:
5847:. November 2021.
5837:
5831:
5830:
5828:
5826:
5811:
5805:
5804:
5802:
5800:
5785:
5779:
5778:
5776:
5774:
5759:
5753:
5742:
5736:
5735:
5733:
5731:
5716:
5710:
5709:
5707:
5705:
5690:
5684:
5683:
5681:
5679:
5671:The Mercury News
5662:
5656:
5655:
5653:
5651:
5640:
5634:
5633:
5631:
5629:
5618:
5612:
5611:
5609:
5607:
5597:
5589:
5583:
5576:
5570:
5558:
5552:
5545:
5539:
5533:
5527:
5526:
5524:
5522:
5510:
5504:
5503:
5501:
5499:
5488:
5482:
5481:
5479:
5477:
5465:
5459:
5458:
5456:
5454:
5442:
5436:
5435:
5433:
5431:
5425:
5416:
5410:
5409:
5402:
5396:
5395:
5388:
5382:
5381:
5379:
5377:
5356:
5350:
5349:
5347:
5345:
5324:
5318:
5317:
5310:"House Bill 109"
5306:
5300:
5299:
5297:
5291:. Archived from
5286:
5278:
5272:
5271:
5260:
5254:
5253:
5242:
5236:
5235:
5233:
5231:
5216:
5210:
5209:
5207:
5205:
5191:
5185:
5184:
5182:
5180:
5165:
5159:
5158:
5147:
5141:
5140:
5138:
5136:
5127:. Archived from
5121:
5115:
5114:
5112:
5110:
5096:
5090:
5084:
5078:
5072:
5066:
5063:Billings Gazette
5056:
5050:
5044:
5038:
5032:
5026:
5020:
5014:
5013:
5011:
5009:
4995:
4989:
4988:
4986:
4984:
4970:
4964:
4963:
4960:Utah Legislature
4952:
4946:
4945:
4939:
4931:
4925:
4919:
4913:
4907:
4901:
4895:
4889:
4883:
4877:
4864:
4858:
4857:
4855:
4853:
4831:
4825:
4824:
4822:
4820:
4805:
4799:
4798:
4796:
4794:
4772:
4766:
4765:
4764:on May 31, 2007.
4760:. Archived from
4744:
4738:
4729:Curtis Krueger,
4727:
4721:
4720:(March 2, 2015).
4710:
4704:
4703:
4701:
4699:
4694:on July 27, 2011
4690:. Archived from
4684:
4678:
4677:
4675:
4673:
4658:
4652:
4651:
4649:
4647:
4628:
4622:
4615:
4609:
4608:
4596:
4590:
4584:
4578:
4577:
4576:on July 6, 2011.
4572:. Archived from
4566:
4560:
4559:
4552:
4546:
4545:
4543:
4541:
4532:. Archived from
4526:
4520:
4519:
4507:
4501:
4500:
4498:
4496:
4479:
4470:
4469:
4467:
4465:
4451:
4445:
4444:
4442:
4440:
4425:
4419:
4413:
4407:
4401:
4388:
4387:
4380:
4374:
4373:
4366:
4360:
4354:
4348:
4342:
4333:
4332:
4325:
4319:
4318:
4311:
4305:
4304:
4302:
4294:
4288:
4287:
4285:
4277:
4271:
4270:
4268:
4260:
4254:
4253:
4251:
4243:
4237:
4236:
4234:
4226:
4220:
4219:
4208:
4189:
4188:
4181:
4175:
4174:
4163:
4157:
4156:
4145:
4139:
4138:
4127:
4121:
4120:
4109:
4103:
4102:
4091:
4085:
4084:
4073:
4067:
4066:
4055:
4049:
4048:
4037:
4031:
4025:
4019:
4013:
4007:
4006:
3995:
3986:
3985:
3983:
3981:
3974:Thrifty Traveler
3966:
3957:
3951:
3945:
3935:
3929:
3927:
3918:
3912:
3903:
3899:
3894:
3888:
3879:
3875:
3870:
3864:
3855:
3851:
3846:
3840:
3839:
3837:
3835:
3830:. Cato Institute
3823:
3814:
3813:
3806:
3797:
3787:
3774:
3772:
3763:
3752:
3746:
3735:
3726:
3722:
3717:
3708:
3699:
3695:
3690:
3684:
3678:
3672:
3666:
3660:
3651:
3647:
3642:
3636:
3626:
3613:
3607:
3601:
3592:
3588:
3583:
3577:
3571:
3565:
3564:
3557:
3551:
3550:
3543:
3534:
3524:
3515:
3509:
3500:
3499:
3497:
3473:
3458:
3452:
3355:Hia C-eḍ Oʼodham
3201:National ID card
3147:dual sovereignty
2945:Utah legislature
2931:
2755:, among others.
2479:
2447:
2436:
2425:
2402:
2400:
2399:
2390:
2388:
2387:
2375:
2373:
2372:
2363:
2361:
2360:
2348:
2346:
2345:
2336:
2334:
2333:
2324:
2322:
2321:
2309:
2307:
2306:
2297:
2295:
2294:
2285:
2283:
2282:
2273:
2271:
2270:
2258:
2256:
2255:
2246:
2244:
2243:
2234:
2232:
2231:
2222:
2220:
2219:
2188:
2186:
2185:
2176:
2174:
2173:
2164:
2162:
2161:
2152:
2150:
2149:
2140:
2138:
2137:
2128:
2126:
2125:
2113:
2111:
2110:
2101:
2099:
2098:
2089:
2087:
2086:
2077:
2075:
2074:
2065:
2063:
2062:
2053:
2051:
2050:
2038:
2036:
2035:
2026:
2024:
2023:
2011:
2009:
2008:
1999:
1997:
1996:
1987:
1985:
1984:
1975:
1973:
1972:
1963:
1961:
1960:
1951:
1949:
1948:
1939:
1937:
1936:
1927:
1925:
1924:
1915:
1913:
1912:
1903:
1901:
1900:
1888:
1886:
1885:
1876:
1874:
1873:
1848:
1844:
1831:
1829:
1828:
1816:
1814:
1813:
1804:
1802:
1801:
1779:
1777:
1776:
1764:
1762:
1761:
1752:
1750:
1749:
1740:
1738:
1737:
1715:
1713:
1712:
1703:
1701:
1700:
1691:
1689:
1688:
1676:
1674:
1673:
1664:
1662:
1661:
1652:
1650:
1649:
1640:
1638:
1637:
1628:
1626:
1625:
1616:
1614:
1613:
1604:
1602:
1601:
1592:
1590:
1589:
1580:
1578:
1577:
1568:
1566:
1565:
1556:
1554:
1553:
1541:
1539:
1538:
1529:
1527:
1526:
1517:
1515:
1514:
1505:
1503:
1502:
1493:
1491:
1490:
1481:
1479:
1478:
1469:
1467:
1466:
1457:
1455:
1454:
1445:
1443:
1442:
1433:
1431:
1430:
1421:
1419:
1418:
1409:
1407:
1406:
1394:
1392:
1391:
1382:
1380:
1379:
1367:
1365:
1364:
1355:
1353:
1352:
1343:
1341:
1340:
1331:
1329:
1328:
1319:
1317:
1316:
1307:
1305:
1304:
1295:
1293:
1292:
1283:
1281:
1280:
1268:
1266:
1265:
1256:
1254:
1253:
1244:
1242:
1241:
1232:
1230:
1229:
1220:
1218:
1217:
1208:
1206:
1205:
1196:
1194:
1193:
1184:
1182:
1181:
1172:
1170:
1169:
1160:
1158:
1157:
1148:
1146:
1145:
1136:
1134:
1133:
1124:
1122:
1121:
1093:
1089:
1045:Washington, D.C.
1013:
1007:
1001:
995:
989:
981:
975:
969:
963:
957:
951:
950:
708:Marshall Islands
603:federal agencies
577:established the
395:Kucana v. Holder
349:Major amendments
315:on May 3, 2005;
281:Passed the House
276:Senate Judiciary
240:in the House as
122:
49:
42:
38:
21:
8763:
8762:
8758:
8757:
8756:
8754:
8753:
8752:
8718:
8717:
8716:
8711:
8688:
8629:Mexica Movement
8572:
8570:
8563:
8537:
8471:
8424:
8418:
8404:SAFE Act (2015)
8352:
8326:
8265:Human smuggling
8240:Economic impact
8218:
8216:
8209:
8103:
8047:
8045:
8038:
7939:
7883:
7811:1950–1999
7806:
7715:1900–1949
7710:
7681:Page Act (1875)
7644:
7620:
7597:
7595:
7593:
7586:
7580:
7550:
7545:
7536:
7527:
7519:
7512:
7505:
7496:
7489:
7482:
7475:
7468:
7459:
7452:
7445:
7438:
7431:
7423:
7416:
7409:
7402:
7395:
7388:
7381:
7372:
7365:
7358:
7351:
7344:
7337:
7330:
7323:
7314:
7307:
7298:
7291:
7284:
7277:
7270:
7263:
7256:
7249:
7240:
7233:
7226:
7219:
7212:Economic policy
7206:
7199:
7192:
7185:
7178:
7171:
7162:
7155:
7148:
7139:
7132:
7125:Medicare Part D
7123:
7116:
7109:Disaster relief
7107:
7100:
7093:
7086:
7079:
7070:
7063:
7054:
7047:
7040:
7033:
7026:
7019:
7012:
7005:
6998:
6991:
6984:
6977:
6970:
6963:
6956:
6949:
6942:
6935:
6930:9/11 Commission
6928:
6921:
6914:
6907:
6900:
6893:
6886:
6879:
6872:
6865:Domestic policy
6859:
6852:
6845:
6838:
6831:
6824:
6817:
6808:
6801:
6794:
6787:
6782:Afghanistan War
6780:
6773:
6766:
6757:
6750:
6743:
6736:
6729:
6722:
6715:
6708:
6701:Slovakia summit
6699:
6694:Slovenia summit
6692:
6685:
6676:
6669:
6662:
6655:
6648:
6641:
6632:
6625:
6618:
6611:
6604:
6597:
6590:
6583:
6576:
6569:
6562:
6555:
6548:
6541:
6532:
6527:by Colin Powell
6525:
6518:
6511:
6494:
6487:
6480:
6473:
6466:
6459:
6452:
6445:
6438:
6431:
6423:
6415:
6404:
6397:
6388:
6381:
6374:
6367:
6360:
6353:
6346:
6339:
6330:
6323:
6316:
6309:
6302:
6295:
6288:
6281:
6274:
6267:
6258:
6251:
6244:
6237:
6230:
6223:
6216:
6209:
6202:
6195:
6188:
6181:
6164:
6158:
6128:
6076:
6071:
6061:
6059:
6054:
6053:
6049:
6041:
6037:
6027:
6025:
6024:. November 2007
6017:
6013:
6012:
6008:
5998:
5996:
5987:
5986:
5982:
5965:
5964:
5960:
5937:
5933:
5923:
5921:
5917:
5913:
5912:
5908:
5879:
5875:
5856:
5852:
5839:
5838:
5834:
5824:
5822:
5812:
5808:
5798:
5796:
5786:
5782:
5772:
5770:
5760:
5756:
5743:
5739:
5729:
5727:
5718:
5717:
5713:
5703:
5701:
5692:
5691:
5687:
5677:
5675:
5664:
5663:
5659:
5649:
5647:
5642:
5641:
5637:
5627:
5625:
5620:
5619:
5615:
5605:
5603:
5595:
5591:
5590:
5586:
5577:
5573:
5568:Wayback Machine
5559:
5555:
5546:
5542:
5534:
5530:
5520:
5518:
5511:
5507:
5497:
5495:
5490:
5489:
5485:
5475:
5473:
5466:
5462:
5452:
5450:
5443:
5439:
5429:
5427:
5423:
5417:
5413:
5404:
5403:
5399:
5390:
5389:
5385:
5375:
5373:
5358:
5357:
5353:
5343:
5341:
5326:
5325:
5321:
5308:
5307:
5303:
5295:
5284:
5280:
5279:
5275:
5262:
5261:
5257:
5244:
5243:
5239:
5229:
5227:
5217:
5213:
5203:
5201:
5193:
5192:
5188:
5178:
5176:
5166:
5162:
5149:
5148:
5144:
5134:
5132:
5131:on May 28, 2019
5123:
5122:
5118:
5108:
5106:
5098:
5097:
5093:
5085:
5081:
5073:
5069:
5057:
5053:
5045:
5041:
5033:
5029:
5021:
5017:
5007:
5005:
4997:
4996:
4992:
4982:
4980:
4972:
4971:
4967:
4954:
4953:
4949:
4937:
4933:
4932:
4928:
4920:
4916:
4908:
4904:
4896:
4892:
4884:
4880:
4874:Wayback Machine
4865:
4861:
4851:
4849:
4832:
4828:
4818:
4816:
4807:
4806:
4802:
4792:
4790:
4773:
4769:
4750:(May 8, 2007).
4745:
4741:
4728:
4724:
4711:
4707:
4697:
4695:
4686:
4685:
4681:
4671:
4669:
4659:
4655:
4645:
4643:
4630:
4629:
4625:
4616:
4612:
4597:
4593:
4585:
4581:
4568:
4567:
4563:
4554:
4553:
4549:
4539:
4537:
4528:
4527:
4523:
4508:
4504:
4494:
4492:
4481:
4480:
4473:
4463:
4461:
4453:
4452:
4448:
4438:
4436:
4426:
4422:
4414:
4410:
4402:
4391:
4382:
4381:
4377:
4368:
4367:
4363:
4355:
4351:
4343:
4336:
4327:
4326:
4322:
4313:
4312:
4308:
4300:
4296:
4295:
4291:
4283:
4279:
4278:
4274:
4266:
4262:
4261:
4257:
4249:
4245:
4244:
4240:
4232:
4228:
4227:
4223:
4210:
4209:
4192:
4183:
4182:
4178:
4165:
4164:
4160:
4147:
4146:
4142:
4129:
4128:
4124:
4111:
4110:
4106:
4093:
4092:
4088:
4075:
4074:
4070:
4057:
4056:
4052:
4039:
4038:
4034:
4026:
4022:
4014:
4010:
3997:
3996:
3989:
3979:
3977:
3968:
3967:
3960:
3952:
3948:
3936:
3932:
3920:
3919:
3915:
3901:
3895:
3891:
3877:
3871:
3867:
3853:
3847:
3843:
3833:
3831:
3824:
3817:
3808:
3807:
3800:
3788:
3777:
3765:
3764:
3755:
3747:
3738:
3724:
3718:
3711:
3697:
3691:
3687:
3679:
3675:
3667:
3663:
3649:
3643:
3639:
3627:
3616:
3608:
3604:
3590:
3584:
3580:
3572:
3568:
3559:
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3537:
3525:
3518:
3510:
3503:
3474:
3461:
3453:
3424:
3420:
3368:
3347:Sonoyta pupfish
3323:
3297:
3281:
3252:
3210:
3203:
3131:
3115:Missouri Senate
2929:
2910:
2817:
2771:Hillary Clinton
2707:
2559:
2510:in the case of
2499:
2498:
2497:
2487:
2482:
2481:
2480:
2469:
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2466:
2450:
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2183:
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2135:
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2108:
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2096:
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2084:
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2070:
2069:
2060:
2058:
2057:
2048:
2046:
2033:
2031:
2030:
2021:
2019:
2006:
2004:
2003:
1994:
1992:
1991:
1982:
1980:
1979:
1970:
1968:
1967:
1958:
1956:
1955:
1946:
1944:
1943:
1934:
1932:
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1922:
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1910:
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1883:
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1871:
1869:
1826:
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993:
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987:
983:
979:
977:
973:
971:
967:
965:
961:
959:
955:
943:
916:
891:
852:
850:Border security
840:burden of proof
836:
831:
755:
750:
689:
579:9/11 Commission
575:U.S. government
555:driver licenses
547:
510:flights in the
492:driver licenses
488:Act of Congress
472:
370:
362:
358:
344:
341:on May 11, 2005
335:Signed into law
264:House Judiciary
216:
212:
160:
120:
98:
96:
94:
90:
88:
71:Enacted by
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
8761:
8751:
8750:
8745:
8740:
8735:
8730:
8713:
8712:
8710:
8709:
8702:
8696:
8694:
8690:
8689:
8687:
8686:
8681:
8679:Save Our State
8676:
8671:
8669:No More Deaths
8666:
8661:
8656:
8651:
8646:
8641:
8636:
8631:
8626:
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8472:
8470:
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8459:
8454:
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8428:
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8411:
8406:
8401:
8396:
8391:
8386:
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8376:
8371:
8366:
8360:
8358:
8354:
8353:
8351:
8350:
8345:
8340:
8334:
8332:
8328:
8327:
8325:
8324:
8319:
8314:
8309:
8304:
8302:Labor shortage
8299:
8294:
8289:
8284:
8279:
8274:
8273:
8272:
8262:
8257:
8252:
8247:
8242:
8237:
8232:
8227:
8221:
8219:
8215:Related issues
8214:
8211:
8210:
8208:
8207:
8200:
8192:
8184:
8170:
8166:Barton v. Barr
8162:
8154:
8146:
8138:
8130:
8122:
8113:
8111:
8105:
8104:
8102:
8101:
8096:
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8037:
8036:
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8024:
8014:
8009:
8004:
7999:
7994:
7989:
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7882:
7881:
7876:
7871:
7866:
7861:
7856:
7851:
7846:
7841:
7840:
7839:
7837:Section 287(g)
7834:
7832:Section 212(f)
7820:
7814:
7812:
7808:
7807:
7805:
7804:
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7607:
7605:
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7510:
7503:
7502:
7501:
7487:
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7473:
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7457:
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7407:
7400:
7393:
7386:
7379:
7378:
7377:
7370:
7356:
7349:
7342:
7335:
7328:
7321:
7320:
7319:
7305:
7304:
7303:
7300:Red Flags Rule
7296:
7282:
7275:
7268:
7261:
7254:
7247:
7246:
7245:
7238:
7224:
7216:
7214:
7208:
7207:
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7204:
7197:
7190:
7183:
7176:
7169:
7168:
7167:
7153:
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7145:
7144:
7130:
7129:
7128:
7114:
7113:
7112:
7105:
7091:
7084:
7077:
7076:
7075:
7061:
7060:
7059:
7052:
7045:
7038:
7031:
7024:
7017:
7010:
7003:
6996:
6989:
6982:
6975:
6968:
6961:
6954:
6947:
6940:
6933:
6926:
6912:
6905:
6898:
6891:
6884:
6877:
6869:
6867:
6861:
6860:
6858:
6857:
6850:
6843:
6836:
6829:
6822:
6815:
6814:
6813:
6810:2008 Iraq SOFA
6806:
6803:financial cost
6799:
6792:
6789:2002 Iraq AUMF
6785:
6778:
6764:
6763:
6762:
6755:
6748:
6741:
6734:
6720:
6713:
6706:
6705:
6704:
6697:
6687:Russia summits
6683:
6682:
6681:
6667:
6660:
6653:
6646:
6639:
6638:
6637:
6630:
6623:
6616:
6609:
6602:
6595:
6588:
6581:
6574:
6567:
6560:
6546:
6539:
6538:
6537:
6530:
6516:
6508:
6506:
6504:Foreign policy
6500:
6499:
6496:
6495:
6493:
6492:
6485:
6478:
6471:
6464:
6457:
6450:
6443:
6436:
6429:
6421:
6412:
6410:
6406:
6405:
6403:
6402:
6395:
6394:
6393:
6386:
6379:
6372:
6358:
6351:
6344:
6337:
6336:
6335:
6328:
6321:
6314:
6307:
6293:
6286:
6279:
6272:
6265:
6264:
6263:
6256:
6249:
6242:
6235:
6228:
6221:
6214:
6200:
6193:
6186:
6178:
6172:
6166:
6165:
6157:
6156:
6149:
6142:
6134:
6111:
6110:
6097:
6075:
6074:External links
6072:
6070:
6069:
6047:
6035:
6006:
5980:
5958:
5931:
5906:
5893:(4): 356–366.
5873:
5850:
5832:
5806:
5780:
5754:
5737:
5711:
5685:
5657:
5635:
5613:
5584:
5571:
5553:
5540:
5528:
5505:
5483:
5460:
5437:
5411:
5397:
5383:
5351:
5319:
5301:
5273:
5255:
5237:
5211:
5186:
5160:
5151:"Bill Actions"
5142:
5116:
5091:
5079:
5067:
5051:
5039:
5027:
5015:
4990:
4965:
4947:
4926:
4914:
4902:
4898:H.R. 1117
4890:
4878:
4859:
4841:Democracy Now!
4826:
4800:
4767:
4748:Leahy, Patrick
4739:
4722:
4705:
4679:
4653:
4623:
4610:
4591:
4579:
4561:
4547:
4521:
4502:
4471:
4446:
4420:
4408:
4404:Identification
4389:
4375:
4361:
4349:
4334:
4320:
4306:
4289:
4272:
4255:
4238:
4221:
4190:
4176:
4158:
4140:
4122:
4104:
4086:
4068:
4050:
4032:
4020:
4008:
3987:
3958:
3946:
3930:
3913:
3889:
3865:
3841:
3815:
3798:
3775:
3753:
3736:
3709:
3685:
3673:
3669:H.R. 3398
3661:
3637:
3629:49 U.S.C.
3614:
3602:
3578:
3566:
3552:
3535:
3516:
3501:
3488:(3): 398–422.
3459:
3455:H.R. 1268
3421:
3419:
3416:
3415:
3414:
3409:
3404:
3399:
3394:
3389:
3384:
3379:
3374:
3367:
3364:
3359:Tohono Oʼodham
3343:Sonoran Desert
3327:border barrier
3322:
3319:
3296:
3293:
3280:
3277:
3251:
3248:
3202:
3199:
3139:Anthony Romero
3130:
3127:
3028:South Carolina
2909:
2906:
2841:must pass bill
2816:
2813:
2809:driver license
2719:Cato Institute
2706:
2703:
2681:
2680:
2677:
2672:
2663:
2657:
2651:
2645:
2634:
2629:
2619:
2600:
2591:
2585:
2558:
2555:
2553:is compliant.
2535:U.S. nationals
2492:issued by the
2484:
2483:
2474:
2473:
2472:
2471:
2470:
2452:
2451:
2442:
2441:
2440:
2431:
2430:
2429:
2420:
2419:
2418:
2417:
2416:
2414:
2411:
2408:
2407:
2380:
2353:
2350:South Carolina
2314:
2263:
2211:
2210:
2207:
2204:
2201:
2198:
2194:
2193:
2166:North Carolina
2118:
2043:
2016:
1893:
1865:
1864:
1861:
1858:
1855:
1852:
1837:
1836:
1833:American Samoa
1821:
1806:North Carolina
1793:
1792:
1789:
1785:
1784:
1769:
1729:
1728:
1725:
1721:
1720:
1681:
1546:
1519:South Carolina
1399:
1372:
1273:
1113:
1112:
1109:
1106:
1103:
1100:
1097:
1083:
1080:
1060:
1059:
1056:
1053:
1050:
1047:
1017:
1016:
1010:
1004:
998:
992:
986:
984:
978:
972:
966:
960:
954:
942:
941:Implementation
939:
915:
912:
890:
887:
860:border barrier
851:
848:
835:
832:
830:
827:
814:
813:
806:
799:
792:
791:
788:
784:
768:
754:
751:
749:
746:
693:federal judges
688:
685:
666:George W. Bush
561:issued by the
546:
543:
474:
473:
471:
470:
469:___ (2024)
450:
449:___ (2020)
430:
429:___ (2020)
410:
390:
387:
386:
379:
378:
351:
350:
346:
345:
343:
342:
339:George W. Bush
332:
310:
307:H.R. 1268
296:
289:H.R. 1268
287:; appended to
278:
257:
234:
231:
230:
226:
225:
218:49 U.S.C.
155:
151:
150:
144:
140:
139:
135:
134:
124:
116:
115:
110:
106:
105:
101:
100:
83:
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72:
68:
67:
55:
51:
50:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
8760:
8749:
8746:
8744:
8741:
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8736:
8734:
8731:
8729:
8726:
8725:
8723:
8708:
8707:
8703:
8701:
8698:
8697:
8695:
8693:Documentaries
8691:
8685:
8682:
8680:
8677:
8675:
8672:
8670:
8667:
8665:
8662:
8660:
8657:
8655:
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8650:
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8645:
8642:
8640:
8637:
8635:
8632:
8630:
8627:
8625:
8622:
8620:
8617:
8615:
8612:
8610:
8607:
8605:
8602:
8600:
8597:
8595:
8592:
8590:
8587:
8585:
8582:
8580:
8577:
8576:
8574:
8571:organizations
8566:
8560:
8557:
8555:
8552:
8550:
8547:
8546:
8544:
8540:
8534:
8531:
8529:
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8504:
8501:
8499:
8496:
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8491:
8489:
8486:
8484:
8481:
8480:
8478:
8474:
8468:
8465:
8463:
8460:
8458:
8455:
8453:
8450:
8448:
8445:
8443:
8440:
8438:
8437:Castle Garden
8435:
8433:
8430:
8429:
8427:
8421:
8415:
8412:
8410:
8407:
8405:
8402:
8400:
8397:
8395:
8392:
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8387:
8385:
8382:
8380:
8377:
8375:
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8359:
8355:
8349:
8346:
8344:
8341:
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8336:
8335:
8333:
8329:
8323:
8320:
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8315:
8313:
8310:
8308:
8305:
8303:
8300:
8298:
8295:
8293:
8290:
8288:
8285:
8283:
8280:
8278:
8275:
8271:
8268:
8267:
8266:
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8261:
8258:
8256:
8253:
8251:
8248:
8246:
8243:
8241:
8238:
8236:
8233:
8231:
8228:
8226:
8225:2006 protests
8223:
8222:
8220:
8212:
8206:
8205:
8201:
8199:
8197:
8193:
8191:
8189:
8185:
8182:
8181:
8180:Wolf v. Vidal
8176:
8175:
8171:
8169:
8167:
8163:
8161:
8159:
8155:
8152:
8151:
8147:
8145:
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8139:
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8129:
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8123:
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8119:
8115:
8114:
8112:
8110:
8106:
8100:
8097:
8095:
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8090:
8087:
8085:
8082:
8080:
8077:
8075:
8072:
8069:
8065:
8062:
8060:
8057:
8055:
8052:
8051:
8049:
8046:organizations
8041:
8035:
8032:
8028:
8025:
8023:
8020:
8019:
8018:
8015:
8013:
8010:
8008:
8005:
8003:
8000:
7998:
7995:
7993:
7990:
7986:
7983:
7981:
7978:
7976:
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7913:
7911:
7908:
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7903:
7901:
7898:
7896:
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7892:
7890:
7886:
7880:
7877:
7875:
7872:
7870:
7867:
7865:
7862:
7860:
7857:
7855:
7852:
7850:
7847:
7845:
7842:
7838:
7835:
7833:
7830:
7829:
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7824:
7821:
7819:
7816:
7815:
7813:
7809:
7803:
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7707:
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7689:
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7679:
7677:
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7664:
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7647:
7641:
7637:
7633:
7630:
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7627:
7623:
7617:
7614:
7612:
7609:
7608:
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7599:
7589:
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7577:
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7565:
7563:
7558:
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7554:
7541:
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7535:
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7511:
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7499:
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7494:
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7478:
7474:
7471:
7467:
7462:
7458:
7455:
7451:
7448:
7444:
7443:
7441:
7437:
7434:
7430:
7429:
7427:
7425:
7422:Environmental
7419:
7412:
7408:
7405:
7401:
7398:
7394:
7391:
7387:
7384:
7380:
7375:
7371:
7368:
7364:
7363:
7361:
7357:
7354:
7350:
7347:
7343:
7340:
7336:
7333:
7329:
7326:
7322:
7317:
7313:
7312:
7310:
7306:
7301:
7297:
7294:
7290:
7289:
7287:
7283:
7280:
7276:
7273:
7269:
7266:
7262:
7259:
7255:
7252:
7248:
7243:
7239:
7236:
7232:
7231:
7229:
7228:Bush tax cuts
7225:
7222:
7218:
7217:
7215:
7213:
7209:
7202:
7198:
7195:
7191:
7188:
7184:
7181:
7177:
7174:
7170:
7165:
7161:
7160:
7158:
7154:
7151:
7147:
7142:
7138:
7137:
7135:
7131:
7126:
7122:
7121:
7119:
7115:
7110:
7106:
7103:
7099:
7098:
7096:
7092:
7089:
7085:
7082:
7078:
7073:
7069:
7068:
7066:
7062:
7057:
7053:
7050:
7046:
7043:
7039:
7036:
7032:
7029:
7025:
7022:
7018:
7015:
7011:
7008:
7004:
7001:
6997:
6994:
6990:
6987:
6983:
6980:
6976:
6973:
6969:
6966:
6962:
6959:
6955:
6952:
6948:
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6906:
6903:
6899:
6896:
6892:
6889:
6885:
6882:
6878:
6875:
6871:
6870:
6868:
6866:
6862:
6855:
6851:
6848:
6844:
6841:
6837:
6834:
6830:
6827:
6823:
6820:
6816:
6811:
6807:
6804:
6800:
6797:
6793:
6790:
6786:
6783:
6779:
6776:
6772:
6771:
6769:
6768:War on terror
6765:
6760:
6756:
6753:
6749:
6746:
6742:
6739:
6735:
6732:
6728:
6727:
6725:
6721:
6718:
6714:
6711:
6707:
6702:
6698:
6695:
6691:
6690:
6688:
6684:
6679:
6675:
6674:
6672:
6668:
6665:
6661:
6658:
6654:
6651:
6647:
6644:
6640:
6635:
6631:
6628:
6624:
6621:
6617:
6614:
6610:
6607:
6603:
6600:
6596:
6593:
6589:
6586:
6582:
6579:
6575:
6572:
6568:
6565:
6561:
6558:
6554:
6553:
6551:
6547:
6544:
6540:
6535:
6531:
6528:
6524:
6523:
6521:
6517:
6514:
6513:Bush Doctrine
6510:
6509:
6507:
6505:
6501:
6490:
6486:
6483:
6479:
6476:
6472:
6469:
6465:
6462:
6458:
6455:
6451:
6448:
6444:
6441:
6437:
6434:
6430:
6426:
6422:
6418:
6414:
6413:
6411:
6407:
6400:
6396:
6391:
6387:
6384:
6380:
6377:
6373:
6370:
6366:
6365:
6363:
6359:
6356:
6352:
6349:
6345:
6342:
6338:
6333:
6332:controversies
6329:
6326:
6322:
6319:
6318:Harriet Miers
6315:
6312:
6308:
6305:
6301:
6300:
6298:
6294:
6291:
6287:
6284:
6280:
6277:
6273:
6270:
6266:
6261:
6257:
6254:
6250:
6247:
6243:
6240:
6236:
6233:
6229:
6226:
6222:
6219:
6215:
6212:
6208:
6207:
6205:
6201:
6198:
6194:
6191:
6187:
6184:
6180:
6179:
6176:
6173:
6171:
6167:
6162:
6155:
6150:
6148:
6143:
6141:
6136:
6135:
6132:
6126:
6122:
6121:
6116:
6109:
6105:
6101:
6098:
6096:
6093:
6089:
6085:
6081:
6078:
6077:
6057:
6051:
6044:
6039:
6023:
6016:
6010:
5994:
5990:
5984:
5976:
5972:
5968:
5962:
5954:
5950:
5946:
5942:
5935:
5916:
5910:
5901:
5896:
5892:
5888:
5884:
5877:
5869:
5865:
5861:
5854:
5846:
5842:
5836:
5821:
5817:
5810:
5795:
5791:
5784:
5769:
5765:
5758:
5751:
5747:
5741:
5725:
5721:
5715:
5699:
5695:
5689:
5673:
5672:
5667:
5661:
5645:
5639:
5623:
5617:
5601:
5594:
5588:
5581:
5575:
5569:
5565:
5562:
5557:
5550:
5544:
5537:
5532:
5521:September 16,
5516:
5509:
5498:September 16,
5493:
5487:
5476:September 16,
5471:
5464:
5453:September 16,
5448:
5441:
5430:September 16,
5422:
5415:
5407:
5401:
5393:
5387:
5371:
5367:
5366:
5361:
5355:
5339:
5335:
5334:
5329:
5323:
5315:
5311:
5305:
5294:
5290:
5283:
5277:
5269:
5265:
5259:
5251:
5247:
5241:
5226:
5222:
5215:
5200:
5196:
5190:
5175:
5171:
5164:
5156:
5152:
5146:
5130:
5126:
5120:
5105:
5101:
5095:
5088:
5083:
5076:
5071:
5064:
5060:
5055:
5048:
5043:
5036:
5031:
5024:
5019:
5004:
5003:www.akleg.gov
5000:
4994:
4979:
4978:www.akleg.gov
4975:
4969:
4961:
4957:
4951:
4943:
4936:
4930:
4923:
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4906:
4899:
4894:
4887:
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4875:
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4847:
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4842:
4837:
4830:
4814:
4810:
4804:
4788:
4784:
4783:
4778:
4771:
4763:
4759:
4758:
4753:
4749:
4743:
4736:
4732:
4726:
4719:
4715:
4709:
4693:
4689:
4683:
4668:
4664:
4657:
4641:
4637:
4633:
4627:
4620:
4614:
4606:
4602:
4595:
4588:
4583:
4575:
4571:
4565:
4557:
4551:
4535:
4531:
4525:
4517:
4513:
4506:
4491:. May 8, 2007
4490:
4489:
4484:
4478:
4476:
4460:
4456:
4450:
4435:
4431:
4424:
4417:
4412:
4405:
4400:
4398:
4396:
4394:
4385:
4379:
4371:
4365:
4358:
4353:
4346:
4341:
4339:
4330:
4324:
4316:
4310:
4299:
4293:
4282:
4276:
4265:
4259:
4248:
4242:
4231:
4225:
4217:
4213:
4207:
4205:
4203:
4201:
4199:
4197:
4195:
4186:
4180:
4172:
4168:
4162:
4154:
4150:
4144:
4136:
4132:
4126:
4118:
4114:
4108:
4100:
4096:
4090:
4082:
4078:
4072:
4064:
4060:
4054:
4046:
4042:
4036:
4029:
4024:
4017:
4012:
4004:
4000:
3994:
3992:
3980:September 13,
3975:
3971:
3965:
3963:
3955:
3950:
3943:
3940:
3934:
3928:, Schedule A.
3926:
3923:
3917:
3910:
3907:
3900:
3893:
3886:
3883:
3876:
3869:
3862:
3859:
3852:
3845:
3829:
3826:Harper, Jim.
3822:
3820:
3811:
3805:
3803:
3795:
3792:
3786:
3784:
3782:
3780:
3771:
3768:
3762:
3760:
3758:
3750:
3745:
3743:
3741:
3733:
3730:
3723:
3716:
3714:
3706:
3703:
3696:
3689:
3682:
3677:
3670:
3665:
3658:
3655:
3648:
3641:
3634:
3630:
3625:
3623:
3621:
3619:
3611:
3610:H.R. 418
3606:
3599:
3596:
3589:
3582:
3575:
3570:
3562:
3556:
3548:
3542:
3540:
3532:
3529:
3523:
3521:
3513:
3508:
3506:
3496:
3491:
3487:
3483:
3479:
3472:
3470:
3468:
3466:
3464:
3456:
3451:
3449:
3447:
3445:
3443:
3441:
3439:
3437:
3435:
3433:
3431:
3429:
3427:
3422:
3413:
3410:
3408:
3405:
3403:
3400:
3398:
3395:
3393:
3390:
3388:
3385:
3383:
3380:
3378:
3375:
3373:
3370:
3369:
3363:
3360:
3356:
3352:
3348:
3344:
3340:
3336:
3332:
3328:
3318:
3316:
3310:
3307:
3303:
3292:
3291:individuals.
3290:
3285:
3276:
3273:
3268:
3266:
3261:
3256:
3247:
3245:
3240:
3234:
3232:
3228:
3224:
3220:
3216:
3215:no2realid.org
3208:
3198:
3195:
3191:
3187:
3183:
3179:
3175:
3171:
3167:
3162:
3158:
3155:
3150:
3148:
3144:
3140:
3136:
3126:
3122:
3120:
3116:
3112:
3107:
3105:
3101:
3097:
3096:West Virginia
3093:
3089:
3085:
3081:
3077:
3073:
3069:
3068:Massachusetts
3065:
3061:
3057:
3053:
3049:
3045:
3041:
3037:
3033:
3029:
3025:
3021:
3017:
3013:
3012:New Hampshire
3009:
3005:
3001:
2997:
2993:
2989:
2985:
2981:
2977:
2973:
2969:
2965:
2961:
2957:
2953:
2949:
2946:
2941:
2939:
2935:
2927:
2922:
2918:
2913:
2905:
2903:
2898:
2893:
2891:
2887:
2886:Susan Collins
2882:
2880:
2876:
2871:
2869:
2865:
2861:
2857:
2852:
2849:
2844:
2842:
2838:
2835:and with the
2834:
2830:
2826:
2822:
2812:
2810:
2806:
2802:
2801:Adrian Wyllie
2798:
2796:
2790:
2788:
2784:
2783:Mike Huckabee
2780:
2776:
2772:
2768:
2763:
2761:
2760:Pat Robertson
2756:
2754:
2753:
2748:
2744:
2740:
2736:
2732:
2728:
2724:
2720:
2716:
2712:
2702:
2700:
2696:
2691:
2688:
2684:
2678:
2676:
2673:
2671:
2667:
2664:
2661:
2658:
2655:
2652:
2650:
2646:
2643:
2639:
2635:
2633:
2630:
2627:
2623:
2620:
2617:
2613:
2609:
2605:
2601:
2599:
2595:
2592:
2589:
2586:
2583:
2582:
2581:
2579:
2578:boarding pass
2575:
2568:
2563:
2554:
2551:
2546:
2544:
2540:
2536:
2532:
2527:
2525:
2521:
2517:
2513:
2509:
2505:
2495:
2491:
2486:
2478:
2464:
2460:
2456:
2446:
2435:
2424:
2406:
2405:
2393:
2379:
2378:
2366:
2352:
2351:
2339:
2327:
2313:
2312:
2300:
2299:New Hampshire
2288:
2276:
2262:
2261:
2249:
2237:
2225:
2212:
2208:
2205:
2202:
2199:
2196:
2195:
2192:
2191:
2179:
2167:
2155:
2143:
2131:
2117:
2116:
2104:
2092:
2080:
2068:
2067:Massachusetts
2056:
2042:
2041:
2029:
2015:
2014:
2002:
1990:
1978:
1966:
1954:
1942:
1930:
1918:
1906:
1892:
1891:
1879:
1866:
1862:
1859:
1856:
1853:
1850:
1849:
1843:
1835:
1834:
1820:
1819:
1807:
1794:
1790:
1787:
1786:
1783:
1782:
1768:
1767:
1755:
1743:
1730:
1726:
1723:
1722:
1719:
1718:
1706:
1694:
1680:
1679:
1667:
1655:
1643:
1631:
1619:
1607:
1595:
1583:
1571:
1559:
1545:
1544:
1532:
1520:
1508:
1496:
1484:
1472:
1471:New Hampshire
1460:
1448:
1436:
1435:Massachusetts
1424:
1412:
1398:
1397:
1385:
1371:
1370:
1358:
1346:
1334:
1322:
1310:
1298:
1286:
1272:
1271:
1259:
1247:
1246:West Virginia
1235:
1223:
1211:
1199:
1187:
1175:
1163:
1151:
1139:
1127:
1114:
1110:
1107:
1104:
1101:
1098:
1095:
1094:
1088:
1079:
1075:
1071:
1069:
1064:
1057:
1054:
1051:
1048:
1046:
1042:
1038:
1037:
1036:
1033:
1029:
1025:
953:
952:
947:
938:
934:
932:
928:
923:
921:
911:
909:
905:
904:habeas corpus
900:
896:
886:
883:
881:
877:
873:
869:
865:
861:
857:
847:
845:
841:
826:
822:
820:
811:
807:
804:
800:
797:
796:
795:
789:
785:
782:
778:
774:
769:
766:
765:U.S. national
761:
760:
759:
745:
743:
739:
735:
730:
728:
724:
719:
717:
713:
709:
705:
701:
696:
694:
684:
682:
678:
673:
671:
667:
663:
659:
655:
651:
647:
643:
639:
636:security and
635:
631:
627:
623:
619:
615:
611:
606:
604:
600:
596:
592:
588:
584:
580:
576:
572:
567:
564:
560:
556:
552:
551:United States
542:
540:
535:
533:
529:
525:
521:
517:
513:
512:United States
509:
505:
501:
497:
493:
489:
485:
482:(stylized as
481:
468:
464:
460:
456:
455:
451:
448:
444:
440:
436:
435:
431:
428:
424:
420:
416:
415:
411:
408:
405:
401:
397:
396:
392:
391:
388:
384:
380:
376:
373:
368:
365:
361:
356:
352:
347:
340:
337:by President
336:
333:
330:
326:
323:) and by the
322:
318:
314:
311:
308:
305:, as part of
304:
300:
297:
294:
290:
286:
282:
279:
277:
273:
269:
265:
261:
258:
255:
251:
247:
243:
242:H.R. 418
239:
236:
235:
232:
227:
223:
219:
215:
211:
207:
203:
199:
195:
191:
187:
183:
179:
175:
171:
167:
163:
162:8 U.S.C.
159:
156:
152:
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6433:Axis of evil
6325:Samuel Alito
6311:John Roberts
6118:
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7042:Real ID Act
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6965:Patriot Act
6881:Amber alert
6634:South Korea
6163:(2001–2009)
6113:‹ The
5825:November 9,
5799:November 9,
5773:November 9,
5426:. p. 2
5289:Liberty2010
5135:November 4,
4910:S. 563
4886:S. 717
4876:May 3, 2005
4672:November 5,
4464:November 3,
4459:www.dhs.gov
4439:November 3,
3922:20 CFR
3683:, Govtrack.
3321:Environment
3304:-sponsored
3289:transgender
3244:Patriot Act
3170:Sierra Club
2767:John McCain
2142:Mississippi
1507:Puerto Rico
1333:Mississippi
1138:Connecticut
1066:Due to the
895:deportation
829:Immigration
638:deportation
528:deportation
409: (2010)
210:§ 1356
206:§ 1252
194:§ 1227
190:§ 1184
186:§ 1182
174:§ 1153
170:§ 1103
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8722:Categories
8674:NumbersUSA
8476:Operations
8457:San Ysidro
8217:and events
8044:Government
6183:Transition
5174:kansascity
4852:January 9,
3767:6 CFR
3418:References
3190:certiorari
3040:Washington
2512:California
2455:California
2392:New Jersey
2115:Washington
2079:New Mexico
1766:New Mexico
1693:New Jersey
1570:California
1543:Washington
1014: 2024
1008: 2021
1002: 2020
996: 2019
990: 2018
982: 2017
976: 2016
970: 2014
964: 2013
958: 2012
914:Work visas
748:Provisions
712:Micronesia
687:Amendments
628:regarding
593:to form a
583:its report
526:security,
518:regarding
498:issued by
238:Introduced
109:Public law
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6775:2001 AUMF
6627:Singapore
6564:Australia
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5953:774445279
5333:USA Today
5204:April 19,
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4384:"REAL ID"
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4149:"Real ID"
4131:"Real ID"
4095:"Real ID"
4077:"Real ID"
4059:"Real ID"
3192:with the
3119:Jay Nixon
3100:Wisconsin
3060:Louisiana
3032:Tennessee
2992:Minnesota
2984:Louisiana
2875:Tom Allen
2705:Criticism
2543:U.S. flag
2130:Minnesota
2103:Tennessee
2055:Louisiana
1890:Wisconsin
1459:Minnesota
1423:Louisiana
1258:Wisconsin
1234:Tennessee
931:Australia
920:H-2B visa
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864:San Diego
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672:§ 30301.
670:48 U.S.C.
364:CARES Act
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6796:Iraq War
6585:Colombia
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5820:Newsweek
5794:The Hill
5768:Bankrate
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5109:June 10,
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3366:See also
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3168:and the
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3072:New York
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3036:Virginia
3020:Oklahoma
3004:Nebraska
2996:Missouri
2988:Michigan
2980:Illinois
2964:Colorado
2960:Arkansas
2833:Iraq War
2815:Congress
2779:Ron Paul
2699:check-in
2594:Passport
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2013:Wyoming
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1297:Florida
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681:acronym
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508:airline
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