Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic

6035: 6036: 74: 5912: 5900: 5888: 81: 1126: 1309: 1273: 151: 101: 1255: 1291: 1237: 4155: 1076: 1219: 1187: 4660: 4781: 284: 4731: 1327: 5924: 1159: 1094: 1341: 4857: 4533: 4432: 4310: 4302: 4294: 2974: 1112: 1022: 5876: 4132: 10254: 4956:). Russia took full responsibility for all the rights and obligations of the USSR under the Charter of the United Nations, including the financial obligations, and assumed control over its nuclear stockpile and the armed forces; Soviet embassies abroad became Russian embassies. On 25 December – just hours after Gorbachev resigned as president of the Soviet Union – the Russian SFSR was renamed the Russian Federation (Russia), reflecting that it was now a sovereign state with Yeltsin assuming the 10266: 2181: 6830:

Constituent Assembly decides: the Russian state is proclaimed by the Russian Democratic Federal Republic, uniting peoples and regions in an indissoluble union, within the limits established by the federal constitution. Of course, the above resolution, which did not thoroughly regulate the entire system of federal relations, was not considered by the authorities as having legal force, especially after the dissolution of the Constituent Assembly.'

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severe drought, contributed to a famine that caused between 3 and 10 million deaths. Coal production decreased from 27.5 million tons (1913) to 7 million tons (1920), while overall factory production also declined from 10,000 million roubles to 1,000 million roubles. According to the noted historian David Christian, the grain harvest was also slashed from 80.1 million tons (1913) to 46.5 million tons (1920).

258: 5510:, which existed until 9 January 1957 when the ChIASSR was re-established though only the southern border's original shape was retained. It declared sovereignty on 27 November 1990 as the Chechen-Ingush Republic. On 8 June 1991, the 2nd Chechen National Congress proclaimed a separate Chechen-Republic (Noxchi-Cho) and on 6 September began a coup which overthrew the Soviet local government. 270: 269: 262: 4422:, the Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic, being a part of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, devolves to the Union the powers which according to Article 1 of the Constitution of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics are included within the scope of responsibilities of the government bodies of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. 267: 265: 4945:. Although the 12 December vote is sometimes reckoned as the moment that the RSFSR seceded from the collapsing Soviet Union, this is not the case. It appears that the RSFSR took the line that it did not need to follow the secession process delineated in the Soviet Constitution because it was not possible to secede from a country that no longer existed. 261: 266: 260: 264: 268: 263: 5004:(1917–1946) and Council of Ministers (1946–1991). The first government was headed by Vladimir Lenin as Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars of the Russian SFSR and the last by Boris Yeltsin as both head of government and head of state under the title of president. The Russian SFSR was controlled by the 6169: 5621:

As noted by Corresponding Member RAS RAS V. I. Suslov, who took part in large-scale studies of the relationship between the economies of the republics of the USSR and the RSFSR in the late Soviet era: "The degree of inequality of economic exchange was very high, and Russia was always the losing side.

1998:

The RSFSR dominated the Soviet Union to a significant extent. For most of its existence, the Soviet Union was commonly (but incorrectly) referred to as "Russia". While the RSFSR itself was only one republic within the larger union, it was the largest, most powerful and most highly developed of the 15

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and Siberia, trailing in production to only the United States and Saudi Arabia. In 1974, there were 475 institutes of higher education in the republic providing education in 47 languages to some 23,941,000 students. A network of territorially organized public-health services provided health care. The

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and geopolitical reality". However, based on the historical community of peoples and relations between the three states, as well as bilateral treaties, the desire for a democratic rule of law, the intention to develop their relations based on mutual recognition and respect for state sovereignty, the

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issued a decree, proclaiming Russia a democratic federal republic under the name "Russian Democratic Federal Republic". However, the Bolsheviks dissolved the Assembly on the following day and declared its decrees null and void. Conversely, the Bolsheviks also reserved a number of vacant seats in the

5813:

The flag of the Russian SFSR changed numerous times, with the original being a field of red with the Russian name of the republic written on the flag's centre in white. This flag had always been intended to be temporary, as it was changed less than a year after its adoption. The second flag had the

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increasingly replacing money as a medium of exchange and, by 1921, heavy industry output had fallen to 20% of 1913 levels. 90% of wages were paid with goods rather than money. 70% of locomotives were in need of repair, and food requisitioning, combined with the effects of seven years of war and a

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by an overwhelming majority: 188 votes for, 6 against and 7 abstentions. The legality of this ratification raised doubts among some members of the Russian parliament, since according to the Constitution of the RSFSR of 1978 consideration of this document was in the exclusive jurisdiction of the

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However, historically, the first proclamation of the federation was made somewhat earlier – by the Constituent Assembly of Russia. In his short resolution of 6 (18) January 1918, the following was enshrined: 'In the name of the peoples, the state of the Russian constituent, the All-Russian

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after recall of its members by the several union republics). After the dissolution, Russia took full responsibility for all the rights and obligations of the USSR under the Charter of the United Nations, including the financial obligations. As such, Russia assumed the Soviet Union's

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became the starting point of the state's economic activity. In March 1921, at the X Congress of the RCP (B), the tasks of the policy of "war communism" were recognized by the country's leadership as fulfilled, and a new economic policy was introduced at Lenin's suggestion.

223: 221: 220: 209: 232: 229: 225: 218: 216: 215: 213: 212: 211: 206: 5614:(State General Planning Commission) of the RSFSR, which replaced GOELRO, was reorganized into the Gosplan of the USSR. His early task was to develop a unified national economic plan based on the electrification plan and to oversee the overall implementation of this plan. 256: 233: 227: 180: 177: 219: 217: 207: 224: 239: 5108:

and on 18 October 1991 declared its independence. The Russian constitutional court overturned the declaration on 13 March 1992. In February 1994, a separate agreement was reached with Moscow on the status of Tatarstan as an associate state in Russia with confederate

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Unlike the previous Russian constitutions, the 1978 Constitution devoted an entire chapter (Chapter II) to the description of the economic system of the RSFSR, which defined the types of property and indicated the goals of the economic tasks of the state.

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was renamed and partitioned. Upon the ratification of the new Soviet constitution, the ASSR was elevated into a full Union Republic on 3 December 1936. On 25 October 1990, it declared sovereignty and on 16 December 1991 its independence as the

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On 21 April 1992, the Congress of People's Deputies of Russia approved the renaming of the RSFSR into the Russian Federation, by making appropriate amendments to the Constitution, which entered into force since publication on 16 May 1992.

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destabilised the Soviet Union. Following these events, Gorbachev lost all his remaining power, with Yeltsin superseding him as the pre-eminent figure in the country. On 8 December 1991, the heads of Russia, Ukraine and Belarus signed the

5436:. On 9 January 1957, Kalmyk Autonomous Oblast was re-established in its present borders, first as a part of Stavropol Krai and from 19 July 1958 as a part of the Kalmyk ASSR. On 18 October 1990, it declared sovereignty as the Kalmyk SSR. 5582: 1647:(CIS) as a loose replacement confederation. On 12 December, the agreement was ratified by the Supreme Soviet (the parliament of the Russian SFSR); therefore the Russian SFSR had renounced the Treaty on the Creation of the USSR and 4750:. On 8 February 1955, Malenkov was officially demoted to deputy Prime Minister. As First Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party, Nikita Khrushchev's authority was significantly enhanced by Malenkov's demotion. 4891:, the capital of the Soviet Union and Russia, Yeltsin strongly supported the President of the Soviet Union, Mikhail Gorbachev. On 23 August, Yeltsin, in the presence of Gorbachev, signed a decree suspending all activity by the 4940:

and recalled all Russian deputies from the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union. A number of lawyers believe that the denunciation of the union treaty was meaningless since it became invalid in 1924 with the adoption of the

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in early 1993. In response, the western Ingush districts after a referendum on 28 November 1991 were organised into an Ingush Republic which was officially established on 4 June 1992 by decree of Russian President as the

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of the Soviet Union with priority of Russian laws over Union-level legislation in 1990 and 1991, the last two years of the existence of the USSR. The Russian SFSR was composed of sixteen smaller constituent units of

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The economy of Russia became heavily industrialized, accounting for about two-thirds of the electricity produced in the USSR. By 1961, it was the third largest producer of petroleum due to new discoveries in the

4198:. The state it governed, which did not have an official name, would be unrecognized by neighboring countries for another five months. The initial stage of the October Revolution which involved the assault on 6860: 3193: 3132: 170: 6964: 6430: 203: 5610:

After the formation of the Soviet Union, the economy of the RSFSR became an integral part of the economy of the USSR. The economic program of the RSFSR (NEP) was continued in all union republics. The

555: 7119: 3117: 10760: 6173: 3963: 3942: 3921: 3900: 3812: 2721: 6995: 6145:"Law of the USSR of 14 March 1990 N 1360-I 'On the establishment of the office of the President of the USSR and the making of changes and additions to the Constitution (Basic Law) of the USSR'" 3796: 5458:. Upon the return of the Balkars, the KBASSR is re-instated on 9 January 1957. On 31 January 1991, the republic declared sovereignty as the Kabardino-Balkar SSR and from 10 March 1992 as the 4936:. However, by this time the Soviet government had been rendered more or less impotent, and was in no position to object. On the same day, the Supreme Soviet of the Russian SFSR denounced the 4952:

that by agreement of the member states of the CIS the Russian Federation would assume the membership of the Soviet Union in all UN organs (including the Soviet Union's permanent seat on the

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stated that " Union Republic is a sovereign state that has united in the Union" and "each Union Republic shall retain the right freely to secede from the USSR". On 12 June 1990, the

168: 9173: 8209: 7483: 7304:Закон Российской Федерации от 21 апреля 1992 года № 2708-I «Об изменениях и дополнениях Конституции (Основного Закона) Российской Советской Федеративной Социалистической Республики» 5278: 5274: 4407:

in 1913, and Lenin's goal of 8.8 billion kWh was reached in 1931. National power output continued to increase significantly. It reached 13.5 billion kWh by the end of the

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The final name for the republic during the Soviet era was adopted by the Russian Constitution of 1937, which renamed it the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (RSFSR).

5364:. Upon the ratification of the new Soviet constitution, the ASSR was elevated into a full Union Republic on 3 December 1936. On 12 December 1990, it declared sovereignty as the 6496:

The Bolsheviks' enemies gave the name 'Sovdepia' to the area under the authority of the Soviets of Workers' and Peasants' Deputies. The comic-opera term was intended to mock .

4989: 5389: 4045: 1763: 9577: 9560: 5357: 5033: 4480: 1659: 283: 6814:"Round Table the Influence Of National Relations on the Development of the Federative State Structure and on the Social and Political Realities of the Russian Federation" 6327: 9607: 1643:. The agreement declared dissolution of the USSR by its original founding states (i.e., renunciation of the 1922 Treaty on the Creation of the USSR) and established the 6119:. J. Davis. p. 58); the Mensheviks were allowed to legally hold a congress in 1920 and continued to be elected to the Congress of Soviets until being outlawed in 1921 ( 169: 5336: 5165:. Initially composed of several national districts, one-by-one these left the republic until 7 November 1924 when the remains of the republic was partitioned into the 5112: 5260: 5174: 2484: 1695: 5808: 4418:

By the will of the peoples of the Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic, who decided on the formation of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics during the

2711: 86: 9550: 7458: 1922:) for the nascent state of the Soviets of Workers' and Peasants' Deputies. Speakers of colloquial English coined the term "Bololand" to refer to the land of the 6948: 73: 10775: 10070: 9570: 2716: 2535: 1905:

of the turbulent year of 1917. Initially, the new Soviet state did not have an official name and was not recognized by neighboring countries for five months.

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At a total of about 17,125,200 km (6,612,100 sq mi), the Russian SFSR was the largest of the fifteen Soviet republics, with its southerly neighbor, the

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into an ASSR. On 27 September 1990, it declared sovereignty as the Yakut-Sakha Soviet Socialist Republic. From 21 December 1991, it has been known as the

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of the entire country. Soviet propaganda declared the plan was basically fulfilled by 1931. The national power output per year stood at 1.9 billion

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The 1978 constitution of the Russian SFSR was amended several times to reflect the transition to democracy, private property and market economy. The new

8043: 7658: 5523:. The same decree de jure created a Chechen republic, although it would be established only on 3 June 1994 and carry out partial governance during the 6987: 9804: 6877: 6453: 1789: 6085: 5572: 5502:

until 22 March when the territory was portioned between North Ossetian and Dagestan ASSRs and the Georgian SSR. The remaining land was merged with

4641: 4365: 1516: 7395: 6148: 5303:. On 16 July 1956, it was downgraded in status to that of an ASSR and re-subordinated to RSFSR. It declared sovereignty on 13 October 1991 as the 5953: 5911: 5899: 5887: 4500: 3792: 2775: 4834: 9042: 6688: 5948: 5795:

of Russia. Though this image has a Western origin, Russians themselves have accepted it. The native Soviet Russian national personification is

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was quickly advancing through the Russian SFSR, and was approximately 10 miles (16 km) away from Moscow. However, after the defeat in the

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of the Japanese home islands remains in dispute with Japan and the United States following the peace treaty of 1951 ending the state of war.

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Penguin Books, London, 4th reprint (1983), pp. 257–258. The draft treaty was published for propaganda purposes in the 1921 British document

6398: 5347: 5075: 2017:, which it remains to this day. This name and "Russia" were specified as the official state names on 21 April 1992, in an amendment to the 5225:. Re-established on 12 February 1991, it declared sovereignty on 4 September of that year. On 5 May 1992, it declared independence as the 4564:

in which the Soviets suffered over 1,100,000 casualties, they achieved victory following the surrender of the last German troops near the

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within the former Russian Empire had seceded, reducing the size of the country even more, although some were conquered by the Bolsheviks.

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into an ASSR. On 27 December 1943, upon the deportation of the Kalmyks, the ASSR was disbanded and split between the newly established

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Historical Dictionary of Socialism. James C. Docherty, Peter Lamb. Page 85. "The Soviet Union was a one-party Marxist-Leninist state."

5842:, with the main difference being a minor repositioning of the hammer and sickle and most notably adding a blue vertical stripe to the 10603: 10408: 9932: 9827: 9699: 9485: 7294:// Congress of People's Deputies of the Russian SFSR and Supreme Soviet of the Russian SFSR Daily. – 1992. – No. 2. – Article 62 5562: 5552: 4218:

for the opposition parties in proportion to their vote share at the Congress. At the same time, a number of prominent members of the

3956: 2302: 4976:). According to law, during 1992, it was allowed to use the old name of the RSFSR for official business (forms, seals, and stamps). 10446: 10350: 9837: 9754: 9647: 8808: 7611: 7568: 2425: 2057: 1298: 1131: 7340: 7156:

Decree of the President of the Russian SFSR 06.11. 1991 N169 "On activity of the CPSU and the Communist Party of the Russian SFSR"

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had succeeded in gaining the confidence of the Soviet leaders and had thus been able to learn the inside story about Bolo affairs.

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autonomous oblasts. The latter was part of the Kirgiz, then the Kazak ASSR until 1930 when it was directly subordinated to Moscow.

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in the territory of Russia. On 6 November, he went further, banning the Communist Parties of the USSR and the RSFSR in the RSFSR.

9777: 9584: 9451: 8345: 8250: 8165: 7692: 7423: 4949: 4611: 4215: 3738: 3549: 1983:. The final Soviet name for the constituent republic, the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, was adopted in the later 1370: 665: 5392:

into an ASSR. It declared sovereignty on 13 December 1990 as the Mordovian SSR. Since 25 January 1991, it has been known as the

4918:. The document, consisting of a preamble and fourteen articles, stated that the Soviet Union no longer existed "as a subject of 10780: 10740: 10550: 10302: 9475: 9320: 9049: 8466: 7501: 7444: 6324: 5859: 5222: 4361: 2636: 2217: 1965: 1604: 1418: 852: 80: 5299:

was integrated into the RSFSR's administrative structure. On 31 March 1940, it was elevated into a full Union republic as the

10629: 10516: 9962: 9463: 9429: 9417: 9412: 9303: 8561: 8224: 7903: 7634: 6931: 6887: 6796: 6769: 6742: 6670: 6656: 6199: 4942: 3565: 1548: 9889: 8945: 7198: 6356: 5009: 4884: 1631: 10488: 9999: 9767: 8895: 8607: 7860: 7640: 7586: 7496: 5045: 4865: 4634: 4065: 3935: 3742: 3695: 3233: 2653: 2470: 2354: 2247: 2212: 6947:

Courtois, Stéphane; Werth, Nicolas; Panné, Jean-Louis; Paczkowski, Andrzej; Bartošek, Karel; Margolin, Jean-Louis (1999).

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with Central Asia and East Asia. The area is rich in mineral resources, including petroleum, natural gas, and iron ore.

10609: 10365: 9927: 9922: 9642: 9590: 8340: 7959: 7576: 7506: 7491: 7287: 6921: 6297: 5443: 4937: 4928: 4924: 4877: 4838: 4828: 4820: 4274: 3730: 3720: 2928: 2673: 2544: 2379: 2297: 2227: 2222: 2207: 1976: 1942: 1719: 1644: 1620: 1584: 1580: 770: 7229: 5217:, now recognized as genocide, as collective punishment for alleged collaboration with the German occupation regime in 10805: 10790: 10614: 10179: 10130: 10063: 9874: 9602: 9204: 9108: 8773: 8662: 8597: 7898: 7757: 7581: 7552: 7542: 7377: 7052: 6958: 6709: 6593: 6482: 6278: 6224: 5214: 5001: 4492: 4257:, the establishment of the Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic (RSFSR) was proclaimed. On 3 March 1918, the 4041: 4037: 4033: 4029: 3147: 2364: 2329: 2267: 2242: 2237: 2073: 1829: 10599: 10480: 10416: 10209: 10197: 10021: 10011: 9967: 9782: 9458: 9407: 9290: 8521: 8504: 8170: 7547: 5721: 5487: 5473: 5170: 4968:. The Soviet Union officially ceased to exist the next day. The change was originally published on 6 January 1992 ( 4553: 3977: 3523: 3511: 3412: 2697: 2465: 2318: 2232: 195: 100: 5716:

During its 76-year existence, the Russian SFSR anthem was the same as the Soviet anthem (unlike other republics):

1948:

Internationally, the Russian SFSR was recognized as an independent state in 1920 only by its bordering neighbors (

10765: 10687: 10570: 10421: 10360: 10214: 10202: 10058: 10043: 9957: 9859: 9441: 9261: 8315: 7853: 7557: 7537: 5866:, the flag of the Russian Federation was changed to the original civil ensign with its original 2:3 proportions. 5847: 5542: 4622:. The territory of the ASSR was divided between other administrative units of Russian SFSR and the Georgian SSR. 4504: 4419: 4254: 4101: 3716: 2892: 2599: 2553: 2339: 2277: 2262: 2006: 1930: 1687: 1180: 839: 669: 7247:Расчленёнка. Кто и как развалил Советский Союз: Хроника. Документы. — М., Закон и право. 1998. — C. 58. — 209 с. 6904: 5858:, with a notable difference of the flag ratio being 1:2 instead of the original 2:3 ratio. After 1993, when the 4238:) and local government (Trutovsky). Lenin's government also instituted a number of progressive measures such as 4222:

had assumed positions in Lenin's government and lead commissariats in several areas. This included agriculture (

1979:, Russia (the RSFSR), alongside the Transcaucasian SFSR, the Ukrainian SSR and the Byelorussian SSR, formed the 10431: 10155: 10135: 9832: 9446: 9271: 9199: 8920: 8546: 7979: 7431: 6520: 6392: 5652: 5246: 5120: 5065: 4440: 4219: 4179: 3447: 3362: 2817: 2374: 2359: 2308: 2065: 1923: 1874: 1767: 1148: 35: 6843: 10692: 10441: 10226: 10053: 9917: 9869: 9630: 9424: 9298: 9281: 8716: 8431: 8255: 8215: 7969: 7893: 7888: 7792: 7467: 5831: 5576: 5375: 5234: 5069: 4914:

signed the "Agreement on the Establishment of the Commonwealth of Independent States", known in media as the

4318: 4239: 3670: 3500: 3215: 2921: 2907: 2641: 2395: 2313: 2191: 1866: 1711:, nuclear stockpile and the control over the armed forces; Soviet embassies abroad became Russian embassies. 1708: 1655: 1471: 952: 318: 5406:

into an ASSR. It declared sovereignty on 20 September 1990. Since 11 October 1991, it has been known as the

10745: 10677: 10541: 10531: 10370: 9822: 9497: 9392: 9193: 9101: 9002: 8982: 8885: 8536: 8486: 8350: 8195: 8160: 7843: 5656: 5515: 5124: 4804: 4523: 4270: 4210: 3914: 3893: 3384: 2902: 2857: 2812: 2621: 2616: 2611: 2018: 1588: 1426: 124: 7316: 10662: 10436: 10103: 10085: 9851: 9709: 9670: 9637: 9327: 9315: 9231: 9133: 8900: 8637: 8509: 8416: 8370: 8360: 8325: 8205: 8080: 8065: 7719: 7685: 7097: 6112: 5846:

This version of the flag was used from 1954 all the way to 1991, where it was changed due to the ongoing

5226: 5116: 4154: 4025: 3872: 3788: 3538: 3261: 3245: 2389: 2041: 1984: 1564:" restructuring policies, including the introduction of non-state owned enterprises (e.g. cooperatives). 1377: 933: 6081: 5593:

subordinated directly to the RSFSR. It declared sovereignty on 3 July 1991 as the Karachay-Cherkess SSR.

10800: 10295: 10098: 10075: 10048: 8960: 8793: 8575: 8556: 8456: 8446: 8441: 8033: 7913: 7392: 7303: 5768: 5569:

was elevated into an ASSR. On 12 December 1990, it declared sovereignty as the Soviet Republic of Tyva.

5559:

into an ASSR. Declared Sovereignty on 22 December 1990 as the Mari Soviet Socialist Republic (Mari El).

5194: 4626: 4572: 4527: 4448: 4094: 3680: 3615: 3253: 2953: 2872: 2683: 2400: 2001:

it was an open secret that the country's federal structure was "window dressing" for Russian dominance.

1909: 1402:

lost all of its value due to overprinting. It would be replaced that same year by the new Soviet ruble.

1081: 6614: 6144: 10815: 10810: 10140: 10113: 10016: 9012: 8992: 8965: 8721: 8481: 8240: 8119: 8048: 7928: 6553: 5796: 5729: 5642: 5361: 5351: 5087: 5086:. On 11 October 1990, it declared its sovereignty, as the Bashkir SSR, which in 1992 was renamed the 3808: 3800: 3325: 3095: 2785: 1360: 10108: 6685: 5454:

on 8 April 1944, the republic is renamed as Kabardin ASSR and parts of its territory transferred to

10221: 8526: 8365: 8335: 8200: 8114: 8023: 7986: 7370: 7280: 5839: 5792: 5699: 5545:

into an ASSR. Declared sovereignty on 23 November 1990 as the Komi SSR and from 26 May 1992 as the

5417: 5403: 5166: 4961: 4472: 4369: 3457: 1723: 1671: 1611:

and stated that the RSFSR shall retain the right of free secession from the USSR. On 12 June 1991,

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Letter to the Secretary-General of the United Nations from the President of the Russian Federation

5923: 4659: 4325:

famine, killed an estimated 5 million, primarily affecting the Volga and Ural River regions.

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declared Russia's independence from the USSR itself and the ties with the other Soviet republics.

10657: 10583: 10387: 9470: 9032: 9007: 8843: 8692: 8652: 8355: 8300: 8185: 8053: 6761:

The French Revolutionary Tradition in Russian and Soviet Politics, Political Thought, and Culture

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is a recognizable symbol of the Russian SFSR (and the Soviet Union as a whole) and the towers of

5725: 5498:, on 7 March 1944 the ChIASSR was disbanded and the Grozny Okrug was temporarily administered by 5209:'s Army, ending the Russian Civil War in Europe. On 18 May 1944, it was reduced to the status of 4630: 4258: 3772: 3754: 3734: 3621: 3593: 3085: 2867: 1756: 1691: 786: 429: 248: 10536: 5490:

was elevated into an ASSR and subordinated to Moscow. Following the en masse deportation of the

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The Big Show in Bololand: The American Relief Expedition to Soviet Russia in the Famine of 1921

5728:, which went on to become the anthem of independent Russia since 1991. In 2000, Vladimir Putin 5566: 5556: 5465: 5341: 5296: 4780: 4414:

Paragraph 3 of Chapter 1 of the 1925 Constitution of the RSFSR stated the following:

3303: 3181: 2991: 2726: 2626: 2022: 1715: 527: 10526: 6382: 5830:

reform was undertaken within the Soviet Union. This change incorporated an update for all the

2606: 10750: 10707: 10619: 10578: 10392: 10288: 10269: 9241: 8997: 8738: 8711: 8672: 8612: 8411: 8380: 8290: 8038: 7974: 6566: 5736:"Workers of the world, unite!" was commonly used and shared with other Soviet republics. The 5682:

Victory Day is the second most popular holiday in Russia as it commemorates the victory over

5238: 5105: 4911: 4730: 3603: 2897: 2882: 2760: 2515: 2496: 2010: 1908:

Anti-Bolsheviks soon suggested new names, however. By 1919 they had coined the mocking label

1894: 1608: 17: 7436: 6474: 6189: 5476:

was raised into an ASSR. Declared sovereignty on 26 December 1990 as the North Ossetian SSR.

4853:", pitting the Soviet Union against the Russian Federation and other constituent republics. 4178:

The Soviet government first came to power on 7 November 1917, immediately after the interim

10555: 10031: 9894: 9714: 9512: 9226: 9027: 8935: 8930: 8682: 8617: 8375: 8310: 8305: 8295: 8265: 8260: 8220: 7727: 6571:- "Misused for: a Bolshevik. Also collective singular = the Bolshevists. Also attributive." 5834:

as well as for the flag of the Soviet Union itself. The flag of the Russian SFSR was now a

5668: 5622:

The product created by Russia largely supported the consumption of other union republics".

5393: 5382:. In 1964, it was renamed the Karakalpak ASSR. It declared sovereignty on 14 December 1990. 5286: 5282: 5079: 4664: 4561: 4541: 4408: 4243: 3577: 3380: 2827: 2822: 2802: 2568: 1600: 1045: 1027: 524: 509: 500: 489: 476: 466: 10118: 7118:

Constitution (Basic Law) of the Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic (approved by

7018:"Source List and Detailed Death Tolls for the Primary Megadeaths of the Twentieth Century" 5875: 8: 10672: 10651: 10645: 10258: 9987: 9792: 9721: 9529: 9378: 9256: 9178: 9151: 9022: 8778: 8728: 8647: 8551: 8385: 8330: 8285: 8280: 8275: 8230: 8190: 8155: 8097: 8011: 7942: 7804: 5744:

are still widely seen in Russian cities as part of architectural decorations. The Soviet

5741: 5687: 5672: 5483: 5469: 5447: 5304: 5218: 5178: 5128: 5037: 4957: 4953: 4869: 4653: 4592: 4373: 4349: 3545: 3490: 3358: 3143: 2973: 2862: 1898: 1699: 1694:

on 26 December, which by that time was the only functioning parliamentary chamber of the

1624: 1484: 1393: 395: 4792:. Under his rule, the Russian SFSR and the rest of the Soviet Union went through a mass 4768:

were restored by Khrushchev and they were transferred from the Georgian SSR back to the

2663: 10682: 10565: 10125: 10036: 9353: 9266: 9156: 9146: 8950: 8925: 8915: 8905: 8890: 8875: 8833: 8763: 8748: 8687: 8667: 8657: 8627: 8602: 8587: 8531: 8471: 8461: 8320: 8143: 8129: 8124: 8070: 8006: 7816: 7348: 7171: 6094: 6054: 6030:[rɐˈsʲijskəjəsɐˈvʲetskəjəfʲɪdʲɪrɐˈtʲivnəjəsətsɨəlʲɪˈsʲtʲitɕɪskəjərʲɪˈspublʲɪkə] 6005:[rɐˈsʲijskəjəsətsɨəlʲɪˈsʲtʲitɕɪskəjəfʲɪdʲɪrɐˈtʲivnəjəsɐˈvʲetskəjərʲɪˈspublʲɪkə] 5863: 5717: 5676: 5664: 5459: 5300: 4971: 4754: 4743: 4699: 4695: 4649: 4452: 4195: 4191: 4183: 4168: 3859: 3823: 3762: 3750: 3658: 3611: 3351: 3249: 3237: 3151: 3139: 3059: 2852: 2558: 2505: 1992: 1902: 1878: 1870: 1568: 539: 521: 160: 7418: 10667: 10233: 10173: 9952: 9738: 9434: 9236: 9221: 9163: 9068: 8820: 8788: 8783: 8768: 8743: 8592: 8541: 8491: 8421: 8399: 8244: 8028: 7964: 7954: 7918: 7821: 7787: 7765: 7710: 7393:

Law "On Amendments and Additions to the Constitution (Basic Law) of the Russian SFSR"

7048: 6954: 6927: 6883: 6792: 6765: 6738: 6666: 6589: 6516: 6478: 6388: 6274: 6220: 6195: 5851: 5835: 5753: 5737: 5631: 5528: 5524: 5310: 5198: 5097: 5029: 4919: 4856: 4797: 4793: 4532: 4431: 4309: 4301: 4293: 4278: 4203: 3746: 3710: 3706: 3599: 3426: 3408: 3396: 3271: 3257: 3241: 3208: 3161: 3014: 2962: 2780: 2706: 2563: 2137: 1988: 1937:. In July 1918, the fifth All-Russian Congress of Soviets adopted both the new name, 1640: 1635: 1616: 1553: 1488: 747: 6467: 5698:. Similar parades take place in all major Russian cities and cities with the status 4817:

Declaration of State Sovereignty of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic

4788:

In 1964, Nikita Khrushchev was removed from his position of power and replaced with

4273:

of World War I. In July 1918, the fifth All-Russian Congress of Soviets adopted the

10345: 9017: 8955: 8910: 8853: 8758: 8677: 8642: 8451: 8102: 8001: 7809: 6029: 6004: 5986: 5546: 5532: 5421: 5326: 5321:

to Central Asia, the ASSR was disbanded. The territory was partitioned between the

5161:

was formed on 20 January 1921 after the Bolshevik Red Army evicted the short-lived

5152: 5148: 5140: 4915: 4824: 4549: 4227: 4223: 4187: 3702: 3561: 3479: 3436: 3229: 3219: 2573: 1915: 1890: 1882: 1862: 1520: 1492: 1262: 991: 816: 536: 518: 506: 473: 381: 349: 6465:

Mawdsley, Evan (2007). "Sovdepia: The Soviet Zone, October 1917 – November 1918".

6345: 5579:

declared sovereignty. Since 3 July 1991, it has been known as the Gorno-Altai SSR.

5514:, all authority passed to the self-proclaimed government which was renamed as the 10560: 10521: 10382: 10145: 9358: 9310: 9216: 9077: 9037: 8940: 8880: 8870: 8858: 8803: 8622: 8016: 7991: 7770: 7399: 7381: 7291: 7233: 6692: 6618: 6510: 6331: 6301: 6251: 6121: 6089: 5776: 5760: 5709: 5691: 5660: 5407: 5371: 5188: 4907: 4903: 4789: 4739: 4687:, making them part of the RSFSR. The status of the southernmost Kurils, north of 4684: 4464: 4396: 4247: 4231: 4145: 3842: 3376: 3314: 3292: 3171: 3064: 2765: 2668: 1572: 1557: 1536: 1467: 1117: 708: 503: 496: 493: 470: 308: 7134:

The Constitution (Basic Law) of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic

6547: 5253:

in March 2014, a move largely considered illegal by the international community.

5048:

were disbanded on 27 October 1924 and replaced by the Soviet Union republics of

30:"Soviet Russia" redirects here. For the former socialist nation as a whole, see 10702: 10697: 10165: 10093: 9373: 9363: 8975: 8848: 8109: 8075: 7799: 7752: 6244: 6077: 6050: 5855: 5764: 5655:(23 February), which honors Russian men, especially those serving in the army; 5590: 5503: 5499: 5433: 5429: 5385: 5322: 5264: 5230: 5210: 5025: 4965: 4456: 4404: 4262: 4235: 4137: 3400: 3392: 3336: 3281: 3048: 3034: 3003: 2877: 2688: 2125: 2117: 2089: 1969: 1886: 1847: 1735: 1683: 1679: 1675: 783: 734: 620: 6813: 6441:

The names Russian Federation and Russia have been equal since 25 December 1993

4587:

were exiled to Central Asia for their alleged collaboration with the invading

4368:

into a single federal state, the Soviet Union. The treaty was included in the

1623:

the first and only President of the RSFSR, a post that would later become the

10729: 10712: 10546: 10026: 9082: 8987: 8496: 8235: 7826: 7074: 6639: 5850:. The flag was changed to a design that resembled the original ensign of the 5815: 5784: 5603: 5507: 5495: 5425: 5318: 5206: 5158: 5136: 4873: 4758: 4747: 4703: 4680: 4615: 4576: 4383:, Russian abbreviation for "State Commission for Electrification of Russia" ( 4337: 4266: 4084: 3780: 3468: 3418: 3105: 3075: 2887: 2750: 2678: 2631: 2415: 2081: 1987:. By that time, Soviet Russia had gained roughly the same borders of the old 1901:(Old Style: February). The October Revolution was thus the second of the two 1612: 1532: 1009: 945: 644: 590: 419: 409: 7284: 6294: 5354:

into an ASSR. It declared sovereignty on 26 October 1990 as the Chuvash SSR.

5096:

was formed on 27 May 1920 on the territory of the western two-thirds of the

4719: 1722:, completely abolished the Soviet form of government and replaced it with a 10426: 10323: 10311: 9909: 9730: 9124: 8863: 7848: 7838: 7226: 6662: 5843: 5823: 5788: 5455: 4800:

took power in March 1985 and introduced liberal reforms in Soviet society.

4769: 4711: 4707: 4667:, considered by many historians as a decisive turning point of World War II 4600: 4596: 4588: 4329: 4322: 4160: 4141: 3647: 3636: 3553: 3225: 2344: 2170: 2133: 2101: 1851: 1508: 1475: 1461: 1208: 1099: 906: 713: 632: 322: 289: 31: 7374: 7259:История крушения СССР: политико-правовые аспекты. — М., 2001. — C. 299—300 6705: 5285:. Until 7 July 1958 – Mongol-Buryat ASSR. On 27 March 1991, it became the 4131: 10475: 9772: 9734: 9726: 9348: 9332: 9246: 9188: 8058: 7865: 7742: 7147:

Decree of the President of the Russian SFSR of 23 August 1991 No. 79

6187: 5827: 5819: 5748:

are also encountered, often on military equipment and war memorials. The

5413: 5399: 5132: 5049: 4850: 4565: 4475:

on 5 December 1936, the size of the RSFSR was significantly reduced. The

4468: 4444: 4333: 3724: 3625: 3607: 3585: 3573: 2995: 2807: 2797: 2447: 2406: 2384: 2109: 2061: 2053: 1561: 1528: 1422: 1244: 703: 574: 7017: 5694:, hosted by the President of Russia, is annually organised in Moscow on 1389:

As Chairmen of the Council of Ministers – Government of the Russian SFSR

9762: 8087: 7747: 7737: 7271:Юридический механизм разрушения СССР. — М, 2016. — С. 254—255. — 448 с. 5749: 5695: 5520: 5365: 5057: 4715: 4644:

in 1944, the Russian SFSR annexed their easternmost territories around

4619: 4557: 4508: 4496: 4488: 4484: 4411:

in 1932, 36 billion kWh by 1937, and 48 billion kWh by 1940.

4379:

One of the early ambitious economic plans of the Soviet government was

3366: 2770: 2648: 2145: 2141: 2129: 2097: 2034: 1843: 1770: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 1464: 1280: 486: 463: 9093: 7132: 6346:"Petroleum Geology and Resources of the Volga-Ural Province, U.S.S.R." 6271:

European Dictatorships: A Comparative History of the Twentieth Century

6115:

formed a Socialist coalition government that lasted until March 1918 (

5993:

1918–1936: Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic (Russian:

10465: 10328: 9982: 9977: 9799: 9692: 9522: 9183: 7732: 6879:

After the Vote Was Won: The Later Achievements of Fifteen Suffragists

5772: 5705: 5538: 5379: 5135:

and Orenburg Governorate populated by Kirgiz-Kaysaks (former name of

5061: 5053: 4722:– was annexed by the Soviet Union and made part of the Russian SFSR. 4645: 4584: 4545: 4341: 4199: 3837: 3557: 3372: 2658: 2460: 2155:, with mountainous tundra regions mainly concentrated in the east of 2121: 1961: 1858: 1855: 1576: 1524: 1226: 5826:. Interesting because it was used until Stalin's death when a major 5531:

would again suspend the government on 15 November 1996. The present

5191:. On 17 September 1991, it declared sovereignty as the Dagestan SSR. 4261:

was signed, giving away much of the westernmost lands of the former

1745: 9972: 9517: 9251: 9211: 6108: 5745: 5491: 5202: 5083: 5078:

was formed on 23 March 1919 from several northern districts of the

5060:

until December 1929, when it too became a full Union republic, the

5014:

Communist Party of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic

5012:, which prompted President Yeltsin to suspend the recently created 4688: 4676: 4672: 4164: 3854: 3758: 3581: 3404: 3024: 2832: 2530: 2069: 1504: 940: 910: 718: 545: 445: 7670: 7419:

Full Texts and All Laws Amending Constitutions of the Russian SFSR

6355:. 1983, U.S. Department of the Interior – U.S. Geological Survey. 5602:

In the first years of the existence of the RSFSR, the doctrine of

10511: 10470: 9864: 9368: 8210:

Foreign Relations of Russia since the Russian invasion of Ukraine

8092: 7285:"On renaming of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic" 7187: 6923:

Lenin: A Political Life: Volume 1: The Strengths of Contradiction

6334:. Encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com. Retrieved on 22 June 2011. 6188:

R. W. Davies; Mark Harrison; S. G. Wheatcroft (9 December 1993).

5611: 5451: 5155:

oblasts. On 19 April 1925, it was renamed Kazak ASSR. (see below)

4899: 4796:. Even after Brezhnev's death in 1982, the era did not end until 3589: 2510: 2454: 2411: 2156: 2105: 2093: 2085: 2049: 1953: 1949: 1575:

and the world's first constitutionally socialist state guided by

1166: 1063: 440: 6515:. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press. p. 687. 2056:

on the northwest; and to its southeast in eastern Asia were the

1470:

from 1917 to 1922, and afterwards the largest and most populous

10761:

Countries and territories where Russian is an official language

10280: 7701: 7104: 6325:

The Free Dictionary Russian Soviet Federated Socialist Republic

5683: 5101: 5019: 4888: 4556:, the Germans were pushed back. In 1942, the Wehrmacht entered 4460: 4380: 2113: 2045: 1957: 1869:

25 October] 1917. This happened immediately after the

1703: 1667: 1654:

On 25 December 1991, following the resignation of Gorbachev as

1540: 1512: 1500: 1334: 1194: 371: 356: 5378:

into the Kara-Kalpak ASSR; from 5 December 1936 a part of the

4990:

Government of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic

2076:; 1911–1949). Within the Soviet Union, the RSFSR bordered the 1709:

UN membership and permanent membership on the Security Council

1560:, began to be liberalized starting in 1985 under Gorbachev's " 1511:. The capital of the Russian SFSR and the USSR as a whole was 9787: 9665: 7466: 7306:// «Российская газета», 16 мая 1992 года, № 111 (447), с. 3–5 6586:

A History of Modern Russia from Nicholas II to Vladimir Putin

6021:Российская Советская Федеративная Социалистическая Республика 5996:Российская Социалистическая Федеративная Советская Республика 5780: 5733: 5233:

of Ukraine overturned the declaration, but compromised on an

4742:

became the new leader of the USSR. In January 1954, Malenkov

3569: 3055: 2323: 2152: 1399: 1316: 55:Российская Советская Федеративная Социалистическая Республика 6946: 6293:

Declaration of Rights of the laboring and exploited people (

5724:. In 1990, the RSFSR adopted its own separate anthem called 4860:

Flag adopted by the Russian SFSR national parliament in 1991

9899: 9675: 7167:"Gorbachev is Ready to Resign as Post-Soviet Plan Advances" 6621:. Russians.net (23 August 1943). Retrieved on 22 June 2011. 5028:

was formed on 30 April 1918 on the territory of the former

2369: 2334: 2197: 2077: 1926:(a term identified from 1919 onwards with the Bolsheviks). 1634:

in Moscow with the temporary brief internment of President

1496: 7425:

Russian Federation; The Whole Republic a Construction Site

7283:

approved the Law of the RSFSR #2094-I of 25 December 1991

7070:Развитие электроэнергетики в СССР (к 80летию плана ГОЭЛРО) 6906:

Lenin's Plan for Building Socialism in the USSR, 1917–1925

6876:

Adams, Katherine H.; Keene, Michael L. (10 January 2014).

6387:. Honolulu: University Press of the Pacific. p. 183. 6191:

The Economic Transformation of the Soviet Union, 1913–1945

5468:

was formed on 5 December 1936 upon the disbandment of the

4568:, ultimately pushing German forces out of Russia by 1944. 2072:) and the People's Republic of China (China, formerly the 9884: 9704: 5317:

into an ASSR. On 28 August 1941, upon the deportation of

5259:

was formed on 16 February 1922 upon the elevation of the

4400: 957: 922: 6219:(sixth ed.). Oxford University Press. p. 458. 5809:

Flag of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic

5555:

was formed on 5 December 1936 upon the elevation of the

5541:

was formed on 5 December 1936 upon the elevation of the

5442:

was formed on 5 December 1936 upon the departure of the

5273:

was formed on 30 March 1923 as due to the merger of the

4833:

On 29 May 1990, at his third attempt, Boris Yeltsin was

4328:

The economic impact of the Civil War was devastating. A

2151:

Roughly 70% of the area in the RSFSR consisted of broad

1583:

was adopted in 1918. In 1922, the Russian SFSR signed a

828:• Russian SFSR renamed into the Russian Federation 6950:

The Black Book of Communism: Crimes, Terror, Repression

6611: 5771:

in Moscow are Russian SFSR's main architectural icons.

5350:

was formed on 21 April 1925 upon the elevation of the

4599:, 1941–1945), and territory was incorporated into the 6254:(in Russian). Hist.msu.ru. Retrieved on 22 June 2011. 5402:

was formed on 28 December 1934 upon the elevation of

5388:

was formed on 20 December 1934 upon the elevation of

5313:

was formed on 19 December 1924 upon elevation of the

5104:. On 30 October 1990, it declared sovereignty as the 2792:

De-satellization of the Socialist Republic of Romania

1425:

was still in the hands of the Soviets even after the

6909:. Novosti Press Agency Publishing House. p. 48. 6734:

The Blackwell Encyclopedia of the Russian Revolution

6183: 6181: 5944:

Bibliography of the Russian Revolution and Civil War

5416:

was formed on 20 October 1935 upon the elevation of

5360:

was formed on 1 February 1926 upon elevation of the

4927:. On 12 December, the agreement was ratified by the 4847:

Declaration of State Sovereignty of the Russian SFSR

1877:(most recently led by opposing democratic socialist 1380:

from 29 May 1990 to 10 July 1991, then as President.

332:

Union Republic of the Soviet Union with priority of

7317:"Конституция РСФСР в редакции от 12 апреля 1978 г." 5822:. The next flag was used from 1937, notably during 5814:letters РСФСР (RSFSR) written in yellow within the 5139:). Further enlarged in 1921 upon gaining land from 4766:

Chechen-Ingush Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic

1977:

with the treaty on the creation of the Soviet Union

6546: 6466: 6449: 6447: 6107:After the October Revolution, the Bolsheviks, the 5651:The public holidays for the Russian SFSR included 5374:was formed on 20 March 1932 upon elevation of the 5197:was formed on 18 October 1921 on the territory of 4764:On 9 January 1957, Karachay Autonomous Oblast and 4738:After the death of Joseph Stalin on 5 March 1953, 1571:, the Russian Soviet Republic was proclaimed as a 1385:Council of People's Commissars of the Russian SFSR 6240: 6238: 6236: 6178: 5535:government was re-established on 15 October 1999. 4849:on 12 June 1990, which was the beginning of the " 2124:) (Included in USSR in 1940) to its west and the 1718:, coming into effect on 25 December 1993 after a 1587:officially creating the USSR. The Russian SFSR's 10727: 9973:Lenin All-Union Academy of Agricultural Sciences 6865:. International Universities Press. p. 130. 5636: 4671:At the end of World War II Soviet troops of the 4366:Transcaucasian Soviet Federal Socialist Republic 4253:On 25 January 1918, at the third meeting of the 3975: 3668: 6545: 6444: 6117:Historical Dictionary of the Russian Revolution 5987:[rɐˈsʲijskəjəsɐˈvʲetskəjərʲɪˈspublʲɪkə] 5954:Bibliography of the post-Stalinist Soviet Union 4501:Karakalpak Autonomous Socialist Soviet Republic 2040:The international borders of the RSFSR touched 2009:, which concluded on the next day, the RSFSR's 1543:. It was the first socialist state in history. 1421:existed briefly on 19 January 1918, but actual 6579: 6577: 6268: 6233: 5949:Bibliography of Stalinism and the Soviet Union 5818:and encased within two yellow lines forming a 5187:was formed on 20 January 1921 from the former 4606:On 3 March 1944, on the orders of Stalin, the 2021:, and were retained as such in the subsequent 1779:"Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic" 875:17,125,200 km (6,612,100 sq mi) 10776:States and territories disestablished in 1991 10296: 9109: 7686: 7452: 6273:. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. p. 67. 6269:Besier, Gerhard; Stokłosa, Katarzyna (2014). 6264: 6262: 6260: 6019: 5994: 5976: 5163:Mountainous Republic of the Northern Caucasus 4969: 4843:Congress of People's Deputies of the Republic 4102: 2929: 1556:since the late 1970s under General Secretary 53: 10736:Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic 7047:. London: Macmillan Press Ltd. p. 236. 6848:. Oxford University Press. pp. 330–336. 6695:. Marxistsfr.org. Retrieved on 22 June 2011. 6636:Intercourse between Bolshevism and Sinn Féin 6607: 6605: 5975:1918: Russian Soviet Republic (Russian: 5659:(8 March), which combines the traditions of 5020:Autonomous republics within the Russian SFSR 4439:Many regions in Russia were affected by the 1939:Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic 1929:On 25 January 1918 the third meeting of the 1454:Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic 1438:Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic 6858: 6574: 6214: 5675:; and like all other Soviet republics, the 5335:was formed on 19 April 1925 when the first 5000:The Government was known officially as the 1478:(USSR) from 1922 to 1991, until becoming a 10786:1991 disestablishments in the Soviet Union 10771:States and territories established in 1917 10303: 10289: 9116: 9102: 7693: 7679: 7459: 7445: 7375:"On the national flag of the Russian SFSR" 6994:. UC Press E-Books Collection, 1982-2004. 6875: 6845:The Prophet Armed Trotsky 1879-1921 (1954) 6343: 6257: 4934:Congress of People's Deputies of the RSFSR 4784:Ethnographic map of the Soviet Union, 1970 4698:– the north-eastern portion of the former 4121: 4109: 4095: 2936: 2922: 1670:. The next day, after the lowering of the 1429:opened its first and last session in 1918. 1392:Served as acting head of government while 1366:Official language in the courts from 1937. 282: 7042: 6953:. Harvard University Press. p. 123. 6903:Ugri͡umov, Aleksandr Leontʹevich (1976). 6902: 6841: 6602: 6508: 6194:. Cambridge University Press. p. 6. 5589:was elevated into an ASSR and instead of 4757:was transferred back to the RSFSR as the 4350:First Congress of the Soviets of the USSR 4332:emerged in Russia, despite the threat of 1830:Learn how and when to remove this message 10447:Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia 6992:Bread and Authority in Russia, 1914-1921 6784: 6764:. Oxford University Press. p. 224. 6632:The Bolshevik Revolution 1917–23, vol. 3 6588:. Harvard University Press. p. 84. 6464: 5752:continues to be honored, especially the 5704: 4855: 4779: 4729: 4658: 4629:was joined with the Russian SFSR as the 4531: 4430: 4308: 4300: 4292: 1881:(1881–1970)) which had governed the new 1567:On 7 November 1917 , as a result of the 9123: 8346:Collective Security Treaty Organization 7120:Twelfth All-Russian Congress of Soviets 7095: 6919: 6757: 6730: 6583: 6380: 5565:was formed on 10 October 1961 when the 5486:was disestablished and its constituent 5482:was formed on 5 December 1936 when the 5368:and on 31 August 1991 its independence. 5201:within the Russian SFSR, following the 4950:Secretary-General of the United Nations 4923:parties agreed to the formation of the 1371:All-Russian Central Executive Committee 14: 10728: 10551:Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia 9142:Index of Soviet Union–related articles 6737:. John Wiley & Sons. p. 343. 6320: 6318: 6316: 6314: 5221:. On 19 February 1954, the oblast was 5115:was formed on 26 August 1920 from the 5064:. The RSFSR retained the newly formed 4579:(1878–1953), General Secretary of the 4374:Second Congress of Soviets of the USSR 4362:Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic 4356:, by which Russia was united with the 4209:On 18 January 1918, the newly elected 1999:republics. According to Matthew White 1632:August 1991 Soviet coup d'état attempt 1419:Russian Democratic Federative Republic 1181:Belarusian People's Republic (portion) 10517:1949 East German State Railway strike 10489:World Federation of Democratic Youth 10284: 9097: 7904:Judicial system of the Russian Empire 7674: 7440: 6788:The Russian Revolution: A New History 6706:"Russia the Great: Mineral resources" 6658:The Great Big Book of Horrible Things 6651: 6344:Peterson, James A.; Clarke, James W. 6028: 6003: 5985: 4948:On 24 December, Yeltsin informed the 4683:off the coast of East Asia, north of 4420:Tenth All-Russian Congress of Soviets 4395:ссии), which sought to achieve total 2058:Democratic People's Republic of Korea 1153:Ukrainian People's Republic (portion) 292:(red and white) between 1956 and 1991 10388:Soviet response to the Marshall Plan 9043:Unified Sports Classification System 7199:Из СССР В СНГ: подчиняясь реальности 6998:from the original on 27 October 2021 6712:from the original on 19 January 2011 6567:participating institution membership 6287: 6174:article 171 of the 1978 Constitution 6170:article 114 of the 1937 Constitution 5585:was formed on 17 November 1990 when 5295:was formed on 23 July 1923 when the 5040:, the Turkestan ASSR along with the 4635:Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic 4372:, adopted on 31 January 1924 by the 2471:World Federation of Democratic Youth 1933:proclaimed the establishment of the 1768:adding citations to reliable sources 1739: 1666:), the Russian SFSR was renamed the 1625:Presidency of the Russian Federation 121:Пролетарии всех стран, соединяйтесь! 7700: 6985: 6731:Shukman, Harold (5 December 1994). 6381:Sokolov, Vasily Andreevich (2002). 6311: 6151:from the original on 13 August 2011 5647:Public holidays in the Soviet Union 5587:Karachay-Cherkess Autonomous Oblast 5575:was formed on 25 October 1990 when 5006:Communist Party of the Soviet Union 4996:List of leaders of the Russian SFSR 4893:Communist Party of the Russian SFSR 4358:Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic 4202:occurred largely without any human 1981:Union of Soviet Socialist Republics 1664:Communist Party of the Soviet Union 24: 10610:Sovietization of the Baltic states 8341:Commonwealth of Independent States 7371:Supreme Soviet of the Russian SFSR 7281:Supreme Soviet of the Russian SFSR 7274: 6128: 6082:"Lenine's Migration A Queer Scene" 5677:Great October Socialist Revolution 5506:Kizlyar district and organised as 5444:Kabardino-Balkar Autonomous Oblast 4964:was lowered and replaced with the 4938:Treaty on the Creation of the USSR 4929:Supreme Soviet of the Russian SFSR 4925:Commonwealth of Independent States 4839:Supreme Soviet of the Russian SFSR 4829:1993 Russian constitutional crisis 4354:Treaty on the Creation of the USSR 3982: 2545:Guerrilla war in the Baltic states 2019:then existing Constitution of 1978 1645:Commonwealth of Independent States 853:End of the Soviet political system 759:• Soviet republic proclaimed 288:The Russian SFSR (red) within the 25: 10827: 10481:World Federation of Trade Unions 7409: 6967:from the original on 27 June 2018 6401:from the original on 2 April 2015 6362:from the original on 2 April 2015 5937: 5215:deportation of the Crimean Tatars 4493:Kirghiz Soviet Socialist Republic 3996: 27:Soviet republic from 1917 to 1991 10698:January 1991 events in Lithuania 10356:Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina 10310: 10265: 10264: 10252: 6920:Service, Robert (24 June 1985). 6862:The Soviet Revolution, 1917-1939 6859:Abramovitch, Raphael R. (1985). 6811: 5922: 5910: 5898: 5886: 5874: 5862:was officially dissolved in the 5488:Chechen-Ingush Autonomous Oblast 5474:North Ossetian Autonomous Oblast 5223:transferred to the Ukrainian SSR 5171:North Ossetian Autonomous Oblast 5143:and again in 1924 from parts of 4275:Constitution of the Russian SFSR 4234:), post offices and telegraphs ( 4153: 4130: 4078: 2972: 2466:World Federation of Trade Unions 2179: 2148:) to the south in Central Asia. 2005:On 25 December 1991, during the 1943:Constitution of the Russian SFSR 1744: 1597:Declaration of State Sovereignty 1339: 1325: 1307: 1289: 1271: 1253: 1235: 1217: 1199: 1185: 1171: 1157: 1124: 1110: 1092: 1074: 1056: 1038: 1020: 1002: 984: 254: 201: 196:State Anthem of the Soviet Union 166: 147: 99: 79: 72: 10422:Czechoslovak Socialist Republic 7386: 7363: 7333: 7309: 7297: 7262: 7250: 7238: 7217: 7203: 7192: 7178: 7159: 7150: 7141: 7125: 7112: 7096:Никитин, Олег (February 2010). 7089: 7061: 7036: 7010: 6979: 6940: 6913: 6896: 6869: 6852: 6835: 6805: 6791:. Basic Books. pp. 1–496. 6778: 6751: 6724: 6708:. Russian Information Network. 6698: 6679: 6645: 6624: 6539: 6509:Patenaude, Bertrand M. (2002). 6501: 6458: 6435: 6424: 6413: 6374: 6337: 6043: 5978:Российская Советская Республика 5802: 5730:re-introduced the Soviet anthem 5543:Komi (Zyryan) Autonomous Oblast 5450:. After the deportation of the 5279:Buryat-Mongol Autonomous Oblast 5275:Mongol-Buryat Autonomous Oblast 4906:, Yeltsin, Ukrainian President 4885:1991 Soviet coup d'état attempt 4821:1991 Soviet coup d'etat attempt 4642:reconquering Estonia and Latvia 4505:Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic 4269:, in exchange for peace on the 4255:All-Russian Congress of Soviets 3990:Not internationally recognized. 1931:All-Russian Congress of Soviets 1755:needs additional citations for 1729: 840:Dissolution of the Soviet Union 6785:McMeekin, Sean (30 May 2017). 6215:Riasanovsky, Nicholas (2000). 6208: 6163: 6137: 6101: 6071: 6012: 5966: 5653:Defender of the Fatherland Day 5315:Volga German Autonomous Oblast 5002:Council of People's Commissars 4943:first constitution of the USSR 4810: 4775: 4220:Left Socialist Revolutionaries 4180:Russian Provisional Government 3984: 3448:General Secretariat of Ukraine 1875:Russian Provisional Government 1865:state on 7 November [ 1615:(1931–2007), supported by the 36:Soviet Russia (disambiguation) 13: 1: 10781:1917 establishments in Russia 10741:Republics of the Soviet Union 10703:January 1991 events in Latvia 10693:Dissolution of Czechoslovakia 10442:Socialist Republic of Romania 10417:People's Republic of Bulgaria 10409:People's Republic of Albania 10378:1948 Czechoslovak coup d'état 9805:Political abuse of psychiatry 9597:Congress of People's Deputies 8251:Political abuse of psychiatry 7468:Republics of the Soviet Union 6064: 5832:flags of the Soviet Republics 5637:National holidays and symbols 5577:Gorno-Altai Autonomous Oblast 5376:Kara-Kalpak Autonomous Oblast 5243:Russian military intervention 5235:Autonomous Republic of Crimea 5030:Turkestan General-Governorate 4983: 4746:from the Russian SFSR to the 4734:The Russian SFSR in 1956–1991 3998: 3216:Great Stand on the Ugra River 2908:Dissolution of Czechoslovakia 1656:President of the Soviet Union 1593:Congress of People's Deputies 688:Congress of People's Deputies 10688:Collapse of the Soviet Union 10678:Fall of communism in Albania 8896:Traditions and superstitions 7659:Pridnestrovian Moldavian SSR 7432:Full 1918 RSFSR Constitution 7073:(in Russian). Archived from 5848:collapse of the Soviet Union 5583:Karachayevo-Cherkessian ASSR 5516:Chechen Republic of Ichkeria 4702:, the founding state of the 4612:population forcibly deported 4524:Eastern Front (World War II) 2903:Fall of communism in Albania 2858:Polish Round Table Agreement 2813:Cuban intervention in Angola 2028: 2007:collapse of the Soviet Union 1885:after the abdication of the 1427:Russian Constituent Assembly 125:Workers of the world, unite! 7: 10663:End of communism in Hungary 10432:Hungarian People's Republic 9968:Academy of Medical Sciences 8562:Water supply and sanitation 6113:Menshevik-Internationalists 5702:or City of Military Glory. 5390:Mordovian Autonomous Oblast 5265:Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) 5056:. The latter contained the 4970: 4471:. With the adoption of the 3512:Provisional Priamurye Govt. 2291:Allied and satellite states 2066:Mongolian People's Republic 2023:1993 Constitution of Russia 1985:Soviet Constitution of 1936 1682:and its replacement by the 1448:), previously known as the 1378:Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR 10: 10832: 10796:Former countries in Europe 10756:Former socialist republics 10427:German Democratic Republic 7213:На гибель Советского Союза 7188:. Kto i kak uprazdnil SSSR 7045:Imperial and Soviet Russia 6988:"8 Leaving Troubled Times" 6882:. McFarland. p. 109. 5806: 5791:is an animal symbol and a 5640: 5629: 5625: 5597: 5237:within Ukraine. After the 4993: 4987: 4814: 4714:including the capital and 4706:(1871–1918) and later the 4583:, later Premier, when the 4573:Karachay Autonomous Oblast 4528:Great Patriotic War (term) 4521: 4483:were transformed into the 4441:Soviet famine of 1932–1933 4387:сударственная комиссия по 4336:against profiteering. The 2162: 1733: 1552:economy, which had become 1398:Between 1917 and 1919 the 1369:As Chairman of the VTsIK ( 1267:Byelorussian SSR (portion) 29: 10638: 10615:Information dissemination 10592: 10542:1956 Hungarian Revolution 10532:1953 East German uprising 10500: 10458: 10401: 10338: 10318: 10246: 10190: 10164: 10084: 10007: 9998: 9943: 9850: 9813: 9753: 9656: 9618: 9538: 9400: 9391: 9341: 9289: 9280: 9132: 9062: 8819: 8583: 8574: 8407: 8398: 8151: 8142: 7950: 7941: 7876: 7718: 7709: 7627: 7604: 7566: 7525: 7482: 7475: 7227:Беловежское предательство 7185:V.Pribylovsky, Gr.Tochkin 7043:Christian, David (1997). 6842:Deutscher, Isaac (1954). 6612:Soviet Russia information 6554:Oxford English Dictionary 6473:. Pegasus Books. p. 6245:Конституции РСФСР 1918 г. 6088:16 September 2018 at the 6020: 5995: 5977: 5860:Soviet form of government 5657:International Women's Day 5643:Public holidays in Russia 5362:Kirghiz Autonomous Oblast 5352:Chuvash Autonomous Oblast 5239:2014 Ukrainian revolution 5177:(all subordinates to the 5088:Republic of Bashkortostan 4876:was elected president by 4449:Central Black Soil Region 4348:On 30 December 1922, the 4319:Russian famine of 1921–22 3954: 3933: 3915:Luhansk People's Republic 3912: 3894:Donetsk People's Republic 3891: 3870: 3853: 3836: 3657: 3646: 3510: 3489: 3478: 3467: 3446: 3335: 3324: 3313: 3302: 3291: 3096:Principality of Chernigov 2828:1984 Los Angeles Olympics 1972:of 1919–1922 in Ireland. 1919: 1893:imperial dynasty of Tsar 1619:pro-reform movement, was 1605:Soviet form of government 1409: 1361:national anthem of Russia 1355: 963: 951: 939: 929: 917: 902: 898: 888: 884: 879: 871: 866: 862: 849: 836: 826: 813: 800: 780: 767: 757: 744: 731: 727: 696: 654: 650: 638: 626: 616:• 1917–1924 (first) 614: 610: 600: 596: 580: 568: 564: 554: 451: 439: 402: 389:Recognised languages 387: 377: 367: 342: 297: 281: 131: 117: 68: 63: 54: 47:Russian Soviet Federative 45: 10806:Modern history of Russia 10791:Former countries in Asia 10600:Emigration and defection 10437:Polish People's Republic 8336:Prime Minister of Russia 7098: 7069: 6926:. Springer. p. 98. 6584:Service, Robert (2005). 5959: 5840:flag of the Soviet Union 5793:national personification 5722:State Anthem of the USSR 5720:until 1944 and then the 5418:Kalmyk Autonomous Oblast 5404:Udmurt Autonomous Oblast 5167:Ingush Autonomous Oblast 4887:of 19–21 August 1991 in 4883:During the unsuccessful 4803:On 12 April 1978, a new 4725: 4625:On 11 October 1944, the 4614:upon the accusations of 4536:The Russian SFSR in 1940 4517: 4473:1936 Soviet Constitution 4435:The Russian SFSR in 1936 4426: 4370:1924 Soviet Constitution 4313:The Russian SFSR in 1929 4305:The Russian SFSR in 1924 4297:The Russian SFSR in 1922 4288: 4194:, the second of the two 4190:, was overthrown in the 4167:and a key figure in the 3521: 3191: 3115: 3033: 3023: 3013: 2649:Czechoslovakia 1976–1990 1724:semi-presidential system 1696:All-Union Supreme Soviet 1527:(Volgograd after 1961), 1523:(Petrograd until 1924), 10658:Fall of the Berlin Wall 10584:1981 protests in Kosovo 10522:Rebellion of Cazin 1950 10259:Soviet Union portal 8774:Social entrepreneurship 8663:Forced public apologies 8598:Anti-American sentiment 6559:Oxford University Press 5769:Saint Basil's Cathedral 5726:Patrioticheskaya Pesnya 5261:Yakut Autonomous Oblast 5213:alongside the criminal 5175:Sunzha Cossack District 4960:. That same night, the 4898:On 8 December 1991, at 4631:Tuvan Autonomous Oblast 4627:Tuvan People's Republic 4554:Soviet winter offensive 4540:Just four months after 4503:was transferred to the 4259:Treaty of Brest-Litovsk 4122:Early years (1917–1920) 3773:Eurasian Economic Union 3622:Parade of sovereignties 3086:Principality of Polotsk 2893:End of the Soviet Union 2868:Fall of the Berlin Wall 2428: (until 1948) 2403: (until 1977) 2392: (until 1989) 2326: (until 1961) 2305: (until 1961) 1968:and by the short-lived 1935:Russian Soviet Republic 1702:, had already lost the 1692:Soviet of the Republics 1688:USSR was self-dissolved 1450:Russian Soviet Republic 1397: 1391: 1388: 1382: 1375: 1368: 1365: 1358: 378:Official languages 249:Patrioticheskaya Pesnya 10766:20th century in Russia 10151:Stalinist architecture 9905:Science and technology 9815:Ideological repression 9743:Soviet Airborne Forces 9681:Destruction battalions 8522:Social security system 8505:Science and technology 8171:Classified information 7997:Central Russian Upland 7320:constitution.garant.ru 7232:12 August 2020 at the 6617:26 August 2010 at the 6330:13 August 2011 at the 6295:original VTsIK variant 5713: 5567:Tuva Autonomous Oblast 5557:Mari Autonomous Oblast 5521:Republic of Ingushetia 5466:Northern Ossetian ASSR 5424:and parts adjoined to 5366:Republic of Kyrgyzstan 5342:Republic of Kazakhstan 5297:Karelian Labor Commune 5034:delimitation programme 4910:and Belarusian leader 4870:President of the RSFSR 4866:all-Russian referendum 4861: 4805:Constitution of Russia 4785: 4735: 4694:On 17 April 1946, the 4668: 4648:and within the modern 4618:with the invaders and 4610:was disbanded and its 4537: 4436: 4424: 4314: 4306: 4298: 4277:. By 1918, during the 4248:equal rights for women 4144:and the leader of the 3363:Provisional Government 3304:Grand Duchy of Finland 3182:Principality of Moscow 2582:Protests and uprisings 1456:, and unofficially as 334:republican legislation 34:. For other uses, see 10708:Breakup of Yugoslavia 9933:List of metro systems 9486:Collective leadership 8983:Russian tsars regalia 8316:Intelligence agencies 8039:Great Russian Regions 7783:Expansion (1500-1800) 6986:Lih, Lars T. (1990). 6758:Bergman, Jay (2019). 6469:The Russian Civil War 6306:III Congress revision 6300:7 August 2011 at the 5708: 5440:Kabardino-Balkar ASSR 5277:of the RSFSR and the 5127:oblasts and parts of 5106:Republic of Tatarstan 4912:Stanislav Shushkevich 4864:On 17 March 1991, an 4859: 4783: 4733: 4662: 4535: 4434: 4416: 4312: 4304: 4296: 4186:, which governed the 4004:Not fully controlled. 3838:Republic of Tatarstan 3731:Constitutional crisis 2898:Post-Soviet conflicts 2883:Breakup of Yugoslavia 2786:Albanian–Soviet split 2497:Anti-Soviet partisans 2440:Related organizations 1975:On 30 December 1922, 1720:constitutional crisis 1609:citizenship of Russia 142:Worker's Marseillaise 10556:1970 Polish protests 10537:1956 Poznań protests 10402:Soviet-allied states 9895:Net material product 9838:Censorship of images 9755:Political repression 9715:Soviet Border Troops 9648:First Deputy Premier 9232:1965 economic reform 9227:Soviet space program 9050:World Heritage sites 8427:Droughts and famines 7980:Environmental issues 7728:Proto-Indo-Europeans 7402:from 1 November 1991 7398:16 July 2011 at the 7380:10 June 2017 at the 7373:from 22 August 1991 6691:27 July 2011 at the 5669:Spring and Labor Day 5472:and its constituent 5394:Republic of Mordovia 5287:Republic of Buryatia 5283:Far Eastern Republic 5080:Orenburg Governorate 4868:created the post of 4837:the chairman of the 4665:Battle of Stalingrad 4654:Pytalovsky Districts 4542:Operation Barbarossa 4409:first five-year plan 4211:Constituent Assembly 3777:Annexation of Crimea 3385:Constituent Assembly 3262:Second Patriotic War 2878:Barricades in Latvia 2823:1980 Moscow Olympics 2803:Cuban Missile Crisis 1873:toppled the interim 1764:improve this article 1716:Russian constitution 1674:from the top of the 1601:separation of powers 1515:and the other major 1485:autonomous republics 1472:constituent republic 1050:Priamurye Government 1032:Far Eastern Republic 570:• 1917 (first) 510:directorial republic 477:directorial republic 10746:Communism in Russia 10673:Romanian revolution 10646:Revolutions of 1989 10527:1953 Plzeň uprising 9963:Academy of Sciences 9778:Population transfer 9722:Soviet Armed Forces 9585:Congress of Soviets 9566:Presidium/Politburo 9530:Soviet anti-Zionism 9379:West Siberian Plain 9257:Revolutions of 1989 9194:Great Patriotic War 9179:New Economic Policy 8901:Forms of addressing 8510:Academy of Sciences 8467:Financial districts 8331:President of Russia 8256:Political divisions 8216:Freedom of assembly 8098:West Siberian Plain 7844:Great Patriotic War 7805:February Revolution 7628:Non-union republics 7618:Transcaucasian SFSR 7428:by D. S. Polyanski. 7290:20 May 2009 at the 7175:, 13 December 1991. 7165:Francis X. Clines, 7099:Плюс электрификация 6686:Chronicle of Events 6557:(Online ed.). 6250:2 July 2018 at the 6217:A History of Russia 6125:. R. Wesson, 1978). 5742:Soviet coat of arms 5688:Great Patriotic War 5484:North Caucasus Krai 5480:Chechen-Ingush ASSR 5470:North Caucasus Kray 5460:Kabardino-Balkarian 5448:North Caucasus Kray 5305:Republic of Karelia 5247:disputed referendum 5219:Taurida Subdistrict 5179:North Caucasus Krai 5145:Jetysui Governorate 5038:Soviet Central Asia 4954:UN Security Council 4608:Chechen-Ingush ASSR 4593:Great Patriotic War 4560:. Despite a deadly 4240:universal education 4196:Russian Revolutions 3957:Zaporizhzhia Oblast 3789:Invasion of Ukraine 3578:Great Patriotic War 3550:Cultural revolution 3491:Transcaucasian SFSR 3359:February Revolution 3246:Emancipation reform 3144:Council of Uvetichi 2994: • 2990: • 2863:Revolutions of 1989 2013:was changed to the 1903:Russian Revolutions 1700:Soviet of the Union 1507:formed the largest 1394:President of Russia 1383:As Chairman of the 1231:Uzbek SSR (portion) 670:Congress of Soviets 640:• 1991 (last) 533:July–December 1991: 396:Languages of Russia 10683:Singing Revolution 10566:June 1976 protests 10351:Soviet occupations 9608:Military Collegium 9476:Capital punishment 9354:Caucasus Mountains 9267:Post-Soviet states 9147:Russian Revolution 8951:Russian given name 8537:Telecommunications 8487:Petroleum industry 8351:State of emergency 8196:Far-right politics 8161:Capital punishment 8007:Meshchera Lowlands 7861:Russian Federation 7817:October Revolution 7612:Karelo-Finnish SSR 7369:Resolution of the 7172:The New York Times 7077:on 22 October 2018 6095:The New York Times 6055:Russian Federation 5972:Historical names: 5864:Russian Federation 5718:The Internationale 5714: 5327:Stalingrad Oblasts 5301:Karelo-Finnish SSR 5227:Republic of Crimea 4972:Rossiyskaya Gazeta 4862: 4786: 4755:Karelo-Finnish SSR 4744:transferred Crimea 4736: 4700:Kingdom of Prussia 4696:Kaliningrad Oblast 4675:occupied southern 4669: 4538: 4437: 4315: 4307: 4299: 4192:October Revolution 4184:Alexander Kerensky 4169:October Revolution 3873:Republic of Crimea 3824:Russian Federation 3767:Presidential terms 3659:Karelo-Finnish SSR 3612:Chernobyl disaster 3352:Russian Revolution 3250:Russo-Japanese War 3238:1812 Patriotic War 3152:Battle of Kulikovo 3140:Council of Liubech 2853:Singing Revolution 2627:Novocherkassk 1962 2015:Russian Federation 1993:Great Northern War 1889:government of the 1879:Alexander Kerensky 1871:October Revolution 1698:(the other house, 1668:Russian Federation 1577:communist ideology 1569:October Revolution 1549:Volga-Urals region 1489:autonomous oblasts 1335:Russian Federation 1303:Karelo-Finnish SSR 1136:Karelo-Finnish SSR 735:October Revolution 602:Head of government 161:The Internationale 49:Socialist Republic 10801:Federal republics 10723: 10722: 10668:Velvet Revolution 10630:Telephone tapping 10604:list of defectors 10393:Tito–Stalin split 10278: 10277: 10242: 10241: 10234:Hammer and sickle 10176:and their groups 10174:Soviet dissidents 9953:Communist Academy 9870:Economic planning 9846: 9845: 9739:Soviet Air Forces 9658:Security services 9578:General Secretary 9561:Central Committee 9503:Political parties 9435:Brezhnev Doctrine 9430:Foreign relations 9387: 9386: 9328:Autonomous okrugs 9242:Soviet–Afghan War 9222:Sino-Soviet split 9164:Russian Civil War 9091: 9090: 9058: 9057: 8638:Domestic violence 8570: 8569: 8492:Russian oligarchs 8417:Aircraft industry 8394: 8393: 8371:Mass surveillance 8361:Search and rescue 8326:Political parties 8206:Foreign relations 8138: 8137: 7937: 7936: 7929:Historical cities 7788:Tsardom of Russia 7668: 7667: 7600: 7599: 6933:978-1-349-05591-3 6889:978-0-7864-5647-5 6812:Ikov, Marat Sal. 6798:978-0-465-09497-4 6771:978-0-19-884270-5 6744:978-0-631-19525-2 6672:978-0-393-08192-3 6565:(Subscription or 6507:Note especially: 6201:978-0-521-45770-5 6080:(16 March 1918). 5852:Tsardom of Russia 5754:Banner of Victory 5738:hammer and sickle 5632:Culture of Russia 5529:Khasavyurt Accord 5525:First Chechen War 5311:Volga German ASSR 5251:annexed by Russia 5229:. On 13 May, the 5199:Crimean peninsula 5098:Kazan Governorate 5032:. As part of the 4920:international law 4798:Mikhail Gorbachev 4794:era of stagnation 4575:was dissolved by 4562:five-month battle 4279:Russian Civil War 4216:Central Executive 4163:, founder of the 4140:, founder of the 4119: 4118: 4085:Russia portal 4013: 4012: 3707:Belavezha Accords 3689: 3688: 3600:Era of Stagnation 3566:Industrialization 3532: 3531: 3409:Soviet-Polish War 3345: 3344: 3326:Russian Manchuria 3272:Tsardom of Russia 3258:October Manifesto 3242:Decembrist Revolt 3234:Petrovian reforms 3202: 3201: 3162:Novgorod Republic 3126: 3125: 3042: 3041: 2946: 2945: 2781:Sino-Soviet split 2761:Tito–Stalin split 2756:Czechoslovak coup 2734: 2733: 2674:Ukraine 1989–1991 2612:East Germany 1953 2554:Soviet occupation 2074:Republic of China 1995:of 1700 to 1721. 1989:Tsardom of Russia 1941:(RSFSR), and the 1854:(1879–1940), the 1840: 1839: 1832: 1814: 1660:General Secretary 1641:Belovezha Accords 1636:Mikhail Gorbachev 1617:Democratic Russia 1589:1978 constitution 1493:autonomous okrugs 1434: 1433: 1351: 1350: 1347: 1346: 1167:Estonia (portion) 1141: 1140: 1104:Germany (portion) 1068:Finland (portion) 804:State sovereignty 748:Russian Civil War 628:• 1990–1991 543:semi-presidential 430:Russian Orthodoxy 271: 240: 187: 152: 16:(Redirected from 10823: 10816:Communist states 10811:Former countries 10512:Goryani Movement 10492: 10484: 10450: 10412: 10346:Yalta Conference 10305: 10298: 10291: 10282: 10281: 10268: 10267: 10257: 10256: 10255: 10005: 10004: 9913: 9768:Collectivization 9513:Marxism–Leninism 9398: 9397: 9287: 9286: 9118: 9111: 9104: 9095: 9094: 9071: 9018:Russian language 8961:National symbols 8581: 8580: 8500: 8457:Fishing industry 8447:Economic regions 8442:Defence industry 8405: 8404: 8149: 8148: 8103:Russian Far East 8002:Northwest Russia 7960:Cities and towns 7948: 7947: 7810:Russian Republic 7716: 7715: 7695: 7688: 7681: 7672: 7671: 7526:Former parts of 7502:Byelorussian SSR 7480: 7479: 7461: 7454: 7447: 7438: 7437: 7417: 7403: 7390: 7384: 7367: 7361: 7360: 7358: 7356: 7347:. Archived from 7341:"Наука в Сибири" 7337: 7331: 7330: 7328: 7326: 7313: 7307: 7301: 7295: 7278: 7272: 7266: 7260: 7254: 7248: 7242: 7236: 7221: 7215: 7207: 7201: 7196: 7190: 7182: 7176: 7163: 7157: 7154: 7148: 7145: 7139: 7138: 7129: 7123: 7122:on 11 May 1925). 7116: 7110: 7109: 7093: 7087: 7086: 7084: 7082: 7065: 7059: 7058: 7040: 7034: 7033: 7031: 7029: 7014: 7008: 7007: 7005: 7003: 6983: 6977: 6976: 6974: 6972: 6944: 6938: 6937: 6917: 6911: 6910: 6900: 6894: 6893: 6873: 6867: 6866: 6856: 6850: 6849: 6839: 6833: 6832: 6826: 6824: 6809: 6803: 6802: 6782: 6776: 6775: 6755: 6749: 6748: 6728: 6722: 6721: 6719: 6717: 6702: 6696: 6683: 6677: 6676: 6649: 6643: 6628: 6622: 6609: 6600: 6599: 6581: 6572: 6570: 6562: 6550: 6543: 6537: 6536: 6531: 6529: 6505: 6499: 6498: 6493: 6491: 6472: 6462: 6456: 6451: 6442: 6439: 6433: 6428: 6422: 6417: 6411: 6410: 6408: 6406: 6378: 6372: 6371: 6369: 6367: 6361: 6350: 6341: 6335: 6322: 6309: 6291: 6285: 6284: 6266: 6255: 6242: 6231: 6230: 6212: 6206: 6205: 6185: 6176: 6167: 6161: 6160: 6158: 6156: 6141: 6135: 6132: 6126: 6105: 6099: 6075: 6058: 6049:Later used as a 6047: 6041: 6040: 6039: 6038: 6032: 6027: 6023: 6022: 6016: 6010: 6007: 6002: 5998: 5997: 5989: 5984: 5980: 5979: 5970: 5926: 5914: 5902: 5890: 5878: 5573:Gorno-Altai ASSR 5547:Republic of Komi 5533:Chechen Republic 5422:Astrakhan Oblast 5372:Kara-Kalpak ASSR 5141:Omsk Governorate 5010:1991 August coup 4975: 4916:Belovezh Accords 4872:and on 12 June, 4825:Belovezh Accords 4718:seaport city of 4550:Battle of Moscow 4340:collapsed, with 4321:, also known as 4188:Russian Republic 4157: 4134: 4111: 4104: 4097: 4083: 4082: 4081: 4069: 4007: 4006: 3993: 3992: 3969: 3948: 3927: 3906: 3885: 3865: 3855:Chechen Republic 3848: 3831: 3820: 3819: 3717:USSR dissolution 3633: 3632: 3562:Collectivization 3480:Byelorussian SSR 3437:Russian Republic 3433: 3432: 3268: 3267: 3230:Treaty of Nystad 3158: 3157: 3072: 3071: 3000: 2999: 2998: 2976: 2966: 2948: 2947: 2938: 2931: 2924: 2847: 2794: 2745: 2590:Poland 1944–1989 2574:Operation Jungle 2493: 2492: 2489: 2487: 2441: 2292: 2202: 2200: 2194: 2183: 2182: 2173: 2167: 2166: 2037:, being second. 2002: 1921: 1883:Russian Republic 1861:established the 1850:(1870–1924) and 1835: 1828: 1824: 1821: 1815: 1813: 1772: 1748: 1740: 1678:building of the 1376:As chairman the 1343: 1342: 1329: 1328: 1311: 1310: 1293: 1292: 1275: 1274: 1257: 1256: 1239: 1238: 1221: 1220: 1203: 1202: 1195:Latvia (portion) 1189: 1188: 1175: 1174: 1161: 1160: 1145: 1144: 1128: 1127: 1114: 1113: 1096: 1095: 1078: 1077: 1060: 1059: 1042: 1041: 1024: 1023: 1006: 1005: 996:Russian Republic 988: 987: 981: 980: 965: 964: 858:25 December 1993 845:26 December 1991 832:25 December 1991 822:12 December 1991 817:Belovezh Accords 796:19 February 1954 776:30 December 1922 585: 499:-from 1929-1953 492: 490:Marxist–Leninist 469: 390: 286: 273: 272: 242: 241: 189: 188: 154: 153: 103: 83: 76: 58: 57: 56: 43: 42: 21: 10831: 10830: 10826: 10825: 10824: 10822: 10821: 10820: 10726: 10725: 10724: 10719: 10634: 10588: 10575:Soviet reaction 10561:Croatian Spring 10505: 10503: 10496: 10490: 10482: 10454: 10448: 10410: 10397: 10383:Berlin Blockade 10334: 10333: 10314: 10309: 10279: 10274: 10253: 10251: 10238: 10186: 10160: 10080: 9994: 9939: 9911: 9885:Internet domain 9880:Five-year plans 9842: 9809: 9749: 9652: 9614: 9546:Communist Party 9534: 9493:Passport system 9383: 9359:European Russia 9337: 9276: 9217:Khrushchev Thaw 9196:(World War II) 9174:Creation treaty 9128: 9122: 9092: 9087: 9074: 9067: 9054: 9013:Public holidays 9008:Political jokes 8993:Personification 8946:Names of Russia 8815: 8734:Life expectancy 8566: 8498: 8390: 8241:Law enforcement 8134: 8120:Protected areas 8017:Smolensk Upland 8012:Oka–Don Lowland 7992:European Russia 7933: 7872: 7758:Mongol invasion 7705: 7699: 7669: 7664: 7623: 7596: 7562: 7527: 7521: 7471: 7465: 7415: 7412: 7407: 7406: 7400:Wayback Machine 7391: 7387: 7382:Wayback Machine 7368: 7364: 7354: 7352: 7351:on 9 March 2014 7339: 7338: 7334: 7324: 7322: 7315: 7314: 7310: 7302: 7298: 7292:Wayback Machine 7279: 7275: 7269:Лукашевич Д. А. 7267: 7263: 7257:Станкевич З. А. 7255: 7251: 7243: 7239: 7234:Wayback Machine 7222: 7218: 7208: 7204: 7197: 7193: 7183: 7179: 7164: 7160: 7155: 7151: 7146: 7142: 7131: 7130: 7126: 7117: 7113: 7100: 7094: 7090: 7080: 7078: 7071: 7067: 7066: 7062: 7055: 7041: 7037: 7027: 7025: 7024:. February 2011 7016: 7015: 7011: 7001: 6999: 6984: 6980: 6970: 6968: 6961: 6945: 6941: 6934: 6918: 6914: 6901: 6897: 6890: 6874: 6870: 6857: 6853: 6840: 6836: 6822: 6820: 6810: 6806: 6799: 6783: 6779: 6772: 6756: 6752: 6745: 6729: 6725: 6715: 6713: 6704: 6703: 6699: 6693:Wayback Machine 6684: 6680: 6673: 6665:. p. 368. 6650: 6646: 6629: 6625: 6619:Wayback Machine 6610: 6603: 6596: 6582: 6575: 6564: 6544: 6540: 6527: 6525: 6523: 6506: 6502: 6489: 6487: 6485: 6463: 6459: 6452: 6445: 6440: 6436: 6429: 6425: 6418: 6414: 6404: 6402: 6395: 6379: 6375: 6365: 6363: 6359: 6348: 6342: 6338: 6332:Wayback Machine 6323: 6312: 6302:Wayback Machine 6292: 6288: 6281: 6267: 6258: 6252:Wayback Machine 6243: 6234: 6227: 6213: 6209: 6202: 6186: 6179: 6168: 6164: 6154: 6152: 6143: 6142: 6138: 6133: 6129: 6106: 6102: 6090:Wayback Machine 6076: 6072: 6067: 6062: 6061: 6048: 6044: 6034: 6033: 6025: 6017: 6013: 6000: 5982: 5971: 5967: 5962: 5940: 5935: 5934: 5933: 5930: 5927: 5918: 5915: 5906: 5903: 5894: 5891: 5882: 5879: 5838:version of the 5811: 5805: 5777:national flower 5761:Matryoshka doll 5710:Matryoshka doll 5692:military parade 5665:Valentine's Day 5649: 5641:Main articles: 5639: 5634: 5628: 5600: 5504:Stavropol Krays 5408:Udmurt Republic 5189:Dagestan Oblast 5022: 4998: 4992: 4986: 4908:Leonid Kravchuk 4904:Brest (Belarus) 4831: 4815:Main articles: 4813: 4790:Leonid Brezhnev 4778: 4740:Georgy Malenkov 4728: 4679:Island and the 4581:Communist Party 4530: 4520: 4465:Western Siberia 4429: 4405:Imperial Russia 4397:electrification 4291: 4176: 4175: 4174: 4173: 4172: 4158: 4150: 4149: 4146:Bolshevik party 4135: 4124: 4115: 4079: 4077: 4072: 4071: 4067: 4060: 4048: 4036: 4023: 4015: 4014: 3995: 3994: 3981: 3967: 3946: 3925: 3904: 3883: 3863: 3846: 3829: 3818: 3813:2022 annexation 3797:Mass emigration 3785:2020 amendments 3768: 3726: 3712: 3699: 3698: 3690: 3631: 3617: 3595: 3542: 3541: 3533: 3431: 3414: 3377:Kornilov affair 3355: 3354: 3346: 3315:Congress Poland 3293:Russian America 3266: 3254:1905 Revolution 3221: 3212: 3211: 3203: 3172:Vladimir-Suzdal 3156: 3148:Mongol conquest 3136: 3135: 3127: 3070: 3065:Russkaya Pravda 3060:Baptism of Rus' 3052: 3051: 3043: 3008:pre-9th century 2986: 2984: 2964: 2957: 2942: 2913: 2912: 2848: 2845: 2838: 2837: 2790: 2766:Berlin Blockade 2746: 2744:Cold War events 2743: 2736: 2735: 2659:Kazakhstan 1986 2490: 2485: 2483: 2476: 2475: 2442: 2439: 2432: 2431: 2293: 2290: 2283: 2282: 2203: 2198: 2192: 2190: 2180: 2171: 2165: 2031: 2000: 1966:Treaty of Tartu 1836: 1825: 1819: 1816: 1773: 1771: 1761: 1749: 1738: 1732: 1607:), established 1603:(unlike in the 1573:sovereign state 1558:Leonid Brezhnev 1468:socialist state 1430: 1416: 1405: 1340: 1326: 1321:China (portion) 1320: 1308: 1302: 1290: 1284: 1272: 1266: 1254: 1248: 1236: 1230: 1218: 1212: 1200: 1186: 1172: 1158: 1152: 1135: 1125: 1118:Japan (portion) 1111: 1103: 1093: 1085: 1075: 1067: 1057: 1049: 1039: 1031: 1021: 1013: 1003: 995: 985: 891: 855: 842: 829: 819: 806: 793: 773: 763:25 January 1918 760: 750: 740:7 November 1917 737: 723: 709:Interwar period 692: 686: 677: 664: 641: 629: 617: 587: 583: 571: 550: 535: 517: 497:Totalitarianism 485: 484: 462: 461: 435: 388: 363: 359: 352: 338: 331: 317: 309:Sovereign state 307: 293: 277: 274: 255: 252: 243: 202: 199: 190: 167: 164: 155: 148: 145: 122: 113: 112: 111: 108: 104: 96: 95: 92: 90: 88: 84: 77: 59: 52: 50: 48: 39: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 10829: 10819: 10818: 10813: 10808: 10803: 10798: 10793: 10788: 10783: 10778: 10773: 10768: 10763: 10758: 10753: 10748: 10743: 10738: 10721: 10720: 10718: 10717: 10716: 10715: 10705: 10700: 10695: 10690: 10685: 10680: 10675: 10670: 10665: 10660: 10655: 10648: 10642: 10640: 10636: 10635: 10633: 10632: 10627: 10622: 10617: 10612: 10607: 10596: 10594: 10590: 10589: 10587: 10586: 10581: 10568: 10563: 10558: 10553: 10544: 10539: 10534: 10529: 10524: 10519: 10514: 10508: 10506: 10501: 10498: 10497: 10495: 10494: 10486: 10478: 10473: 10468: 10462: 10460: 10456: 10455: 10453: 10452: 10444: 10439: 10434: 10429: 10424: 10419: 10414: 10405: 10403: 10399: 10398: 10396: 10395: 10390: 10385: 10380: 10375: 10374: 10373: 10368: 10363: 10358: 10348: 10342: 10340: 10336: 10335: 10332: 10331: 10326: 10320: 10319: 10316: 10315: 10308: 10307: 10300: 10293: 10285: 10276: 10275: 10273: 10272: 10262: 10247: 10244: 10243: 10240: 10239: 10237: 10236: 10231: 10230: 10229: 10219: 10218: 10217: 10207: 10206: 10205: 10194: 10192: 10188: 10187: 10185: 10184: 10183: 10182: 10170: 10168: 10162: 10161: 10159: 10158: 10153: 10148: 10143: 10138: 10133: 10128: 10123: 10122: 10121: 10111: 10106: 10101: 10096: 10090: 10088: 10082: 10081: 10079: 10078: 10073: 10068: 10067: 10066: 10061: 10051: 10046: 10041: 10040: 10039: 10034: 10029: 10019: 10014: 10008: 10002: 9996: 9995: 9993: 9992: 9991: 9990: 9980: 9975: 9970: 9965: 9960: 9955: 9949: 9947: 9941: 9940: 9938: 9937: 9936: 9935: 9930: 9928:Rail transport 9925: 9923:Railway system 9915: 9907: 9902: 9897: 9892: 9887: 9882: 9877: 9872: 9867: 9862: 9856: 9854: 9848: 9847: 9844: 9843: 9841: 9840: 9835: 9830: 9825: 9819: 9817: 9811: 9810: 9808: 9807: 9802: 9797: 9796: 9795: 9785: 9780: 9775: 9770: 9765: 9759: 9757: 9751: 9750: 9748: 9747: 9746: 9745: 9719: 9718: 9717: 9712: 9702: 9697: 9696: 9695: 9685: 9684: 9683: 9673: 9668: 9662: 9660: 9654: 9653: 9651: 9650: 9645: 9643:Deputy Premier 9640: 9635: 9634: 9633: 9626:Heads of state 9622: 9620: 9616: 9615: 9613: 9612: 9611: 9610: 9600: 9594: 9591:Supreme Soviet 9588: 9582: 9581: 9580: 9575: 9574: 9573: 9568: 9558: 9553: 9542: 9540: 9536: 9535: 9533: 9532: 9527: 9526: 9525: 9520: 9515: 9508:State ideology 9505: 9500: 9495: 9490: 9489: 9488: 9478: 9473: 9468: 9467: 9466: 9456: 9455: 9454: 9444: 9439: 9438: 9437: 9427: 9422: 9421: 9420: 9415: 9404: 9402: 9395: 9389: 9388: 9385: 9384: 9382: 9381: 9376: 9374:Ural Mountains 9371: 9366: 9364:North Caucasus 9361: 9356: 9351: 9345: 9343: 9339: 9338: 9336: 9335: 9330: 9325: 9324: 9323: 9313: 9308: 9307: 9306: 9295: 9293: 9284: 9278: 9277: 9275: 9274: 9269: 9264: 9259: 9254: 9249: 9244: 9239: 9234: 9229: 9224: 9219: 9214: 9209: 9208: 9207: 9202: 9191: 9186: 9181: 9176: 9171: 9166: 9161: 9160: 9159: 9154: 9144: 9138: 9136: 9130: 9129: 9121: 9120: 9113: 9106: 9098: 9089: 9088: 9086: 9085: 9080: 9073: 9072: 9064: 9063: 9060: 9059: 9056: 9055: 9053: 9052: 9047: 9046: 9045: 9035: 9030: 9025: 9020: 9015: 9010: 9005: 9000: 8995: 8990: 8985: 8980: 8979: 8978: 8973: 8968: 8958: 8953: 8948: 8943: 8938: 8933: 8928: 8923: 8918: 8913: 8908: 8903: 8898: 8893: 8888: 8883: 8878: 8873: 8868: 8867: 8866: 8856: 8851: 8846: 8841: 8836: 8831: 8825: 8823: 8817: 8816: 8814: 8813: 8812: 8811: 8801: 8796: 8791: 8786: 8781: 8776: 8771: 8766: 8761: 8756: 8751: 8746: 8741: 8736: 8731: 8726: 8725: 8724: 8719: 8709: 8708: 8707: 8697: 8696: 8695: 8690: 8685: 8675: 8670: 8665: 8660: 8655: 8650: 8645: 8640: 8635: 8630: 8625: 8620: 8615: 8610: 8605: 8600: 8595: 8590: 8584: 8578: 8572: 8571: 8568: 8567: 8565: 8564: 8559: 8554: 8549: 8544: 8539: 8534: 8529: 8527:Space industry 8524: 8519: 8514: 8513: 8512: 8502: 8494: 8489: 8484: 8479: 8474: 8469: 8464: 8459: 8454: 8449: 8444: 8439: 8434: 8429: 8424: 8419: 8414: 8408: 8402: 8396: 8395: 8392: 8391: 8389: 8388: 8383: 8378: 8373: 8368: 8366:Urban planning 8363: 8358: 8353: 8348: 8343: 8338: 8333: 8328: 8323: 8318: 8313: 8308: 8303: 8298: 8293: 8288: 8283: 8278: 8273: 8268: 8263: 8258: 8253: 8248: 8238: 8233: 8228: 8218: 8213: 8203: 8201:Federal budget 8198: 8193: 8188: 8183: 8178: 8173: 8168: 8163: 8158: 8152: 8146: 8140: 8139: 8136: 8135: 8133: 8132: 8127: 8122: 8117: 8112: 8110:North Caucasus 8107: 8106: 8105: 8100: 8095: 8085: 8084: 8083: 8078: 8073: 8063: 8062: 8061: 8051: 8046: 8044:Highest points 8041: 8036: 8031: 8026: 8021: 8020: 8019: 8014: 8009: 8004: 7999: 7989: 7987:Extreme points 7984: 7983: 7982: 7972: 7967: 7962: 7957: 7951: 7945: 7939: 7938: 7935: 7934: 7932: 7931: 7926: 7921: 7916: 7911: 7906: 7901: 7896: 7891: 7886: 7880: 7878: 7874: 7873: 7871: 7870: 7869: 7868: 7858: 7857: 7856: 7851: 7846: 7836: 7835: 7834: 7829: 7819: 7814: 7813: 7812: 7802: 7800:Russian Empire 7797: 7796: 7795: 7785: 7780: 7779: 7778: 7773: 7768: 7760: 7755: 7750: 7745: 7740: 7735: 7730: 7724: 7722: 7713: 7707: 7706: 7704: articles 7698: 7697: 7690: 7683: 7675: 7666: 7665: 7663: 7662: 7656: 7650: 7644: 7638: 7631: 7629: 7625: 7624: 7622: 7621: 7615: 7608: 7606: 7602: 7601: 7598: 7597: 7595: 7594: 7589: 7587:Lithuanian SSR 7584: 7579: 7573: 7571: 7564: 7563: 7561: 7560: 7555: 7550: 7545: 7540: 7534: 7532: 7523: 7522: 7520: 7519: 7514: 7509: 7504: 7499: 7497:Azerbaijan SSR 7494: 7488: 7486: 7477: 7473: 7472: 7464: 7463: 7456: 7449: 7441: 7435: 7434: 7429: 7421: 7411: 7410:External links 7408: 7405: 7404: 7385: 7362: 7332: 7308: 7296: 7273: 7261: 7249: 7237: 7216: 7202: 7191: 7177: 7158: 7149: 7140: 7124: 7111: 7088: 7060: 7053: 7035: 7009: 6978: 6959: 6939: 6932: 6912: 6895: 6888: 6868: 6851: 6834: 6804: 6797: 6777: 6770: 6750: 6743: 6723: 6697: 6678: 6671: 6653:White, Matthew 6644: 6623: 6601: 6594: 6573: 6538: 6521: 6500: 6483: 6457: 6443: 6434: 6423: 6412: 6393: 6373: 6336: 6310: 6286: 6279: 6256: 6232: 6225: 6207: 6200: 6177: 6162: 6136: 6127: 6122:Lenin's Legacy 6100: 6078:Arthur Ransome 6069: 6068: 6066: 6063: 6060: 6059: 6042: 6011: 6009: 6008: 5991: 5964: 5963: 5961: 5958: 5957: 5956: 5951: 5946: 5939: 5938:Bibliographies 5936: 5932: 5931: 5928: 5921: 5919: 5916: 5909: 5907: 5904: 5897: 5895: 5892: 5885: 5883: 5880: 5873: 5870: 5869: 5868: 5856:Russian Empire 5828:vexillological 5807:Main article: 5804: 5801: 5765:Moscow Kremlin 5679:(7 November). 5638: 5635: 5627: 5624: 5599: 5596: 5595: 5594: 5591:Stavropol Krai 5580: 5570: 5560: 5550: 5536: 5500:Stavropol Kray 5477: 5463: 5437: 5434:Stavropol Krai 5430:Krasnodar Krai 5411: 5397: 5386:Mordovian ASSR 5383: 5369: 5355: 5345: 5330: 5308: 5290: 5268: 5254: 5231:Verkhovna Rada 5192: 5182: 5156: 5110: 5091: 5073: 5026:Turkestan ASSR 5021: 5018: 4988:Main article: 4985: 4982: 4812: 4809: 4777: 4774: 4727: 4724: 4656:in 1944–1945. 4633:, becoming an 4519: 4516: 4499:). The former 4453:North Caucasus 4428: 4425: 4290: 4287: 4283:several states 4263:Russian Empire 4159: 4152: 4151: 4138:Vladimir Lenin 4136: 4129: 4128: 4127: 4126: 4125: 4123: 4120: 4117: 4116: 4114: 4113: 4106: 4099: 4091: 4088: 4087: 4074: 4073: 4024: 4021: 4020: 4017: 4016: 4011: 4010: 4008: 3972: 3971: 3960: 3951: 3950: 3939: 3936:Kherson Oblast 3930: 3929: 3918: 3909: 3908: 3897: 3888: 3887: 3876: 3867: 3866: 3857: 3850: 3849: 3840: 3833: 3832: 3826: 3817: 3816: 3693: 3692: 3691: 3687: 3686: 3683: 3677: 3676: 3674: 3665: 3664: 3661: 3654: 3653: 3650: 3643: 3642: 3639: 3630: 3629: 3536: 3535: 3534: 3530: 3529: 3527: 3518: 3517: 3514: 3507: 3506: 3503: 3497: 3496: 3493: 3486: 3485: 3482: 3475: 3474: 3471: 3464: 3463: 3460: 3454: 3453: 3450: 3443: 3442: 3439: 3430: 3429: 3393:Bolshevik Coup 3349: 3348: 3347: 3343: 3342: 3339: 3337:Uryankhay Krai 3332: 3331: 3328: 3321: 3320: 3317: 3310: 3309: 3306: 3299: 3298: 3295: 3288: 3287: 3284: 3282:Russian Empire 3278: 3277: 3274: 3265: 3264: 3209:Tsarist Russia 3206: 3205: 3204: 3200: 3199: 3197: 3188: 3187: 3184: 3178: 3177: 3174: 3168: 3167: 3164: 3155: 3154: 3130: 3129: 3128: 3124: 3123: 3121: 3112: 3111: 3108: 3102: 3101: 3098: 3092: 3091: 3088: 3082: 3081: 3078: 3069: 3068: 3046: 3045: 3044: 3040: 3039: 3037: 3030: 3029: 3027: 3020: 3019: 3017: 3015:Rus' Khaganate 3010: 3009: 3006: 2985: 2982: 2981: 2978: 2977: 2969: 2968: 2959: 2958: 2951: 2944: 2943: 2941: 2940: 2933: 2926: 2918: 2915: 2914: 2911: 2910: 2905: 2900: 2895: 2890: 2885: 2880: 2875: 2873:January Events 2870: 2865: 2860: 2855: 2849: 2844: 2843: 2840: 2839: 2836: 2835: 2830: 2825: 2820: 2815: 2810: 2805: 2800: 2795: 2788: 2783: 2778: 2773: 2768: 2763: 2758: 2753: 2747: 2742: 2741: 2738: 2737: 2732: 2731: 2730: 2729: 2724: 2719: 2714: 2709: 2701: 2700: 2694: 2693: 2692: 2691: 2686: 2684:Lithuania 1991 2681: 2676: 2671: 2666: 2661: 2656: 2651: 2646: 2645: 2644: 2639: 2629: 2624: 2619: 2614: 2609: 2604: 2603: 2602: 2597: 2584: 2583: 2579: 2578: 2577: 2576: 2571: 2566: 2561: 2556: 2548: 2547: 2541: 2540: 2539: 2538: 2533: 2528: 2523: 2518: 2513: 2508: 2500: 2499: 2491: 2482: 2481: 2478: 2477: 2474: 2473: 2468: 2463: 2458: 2451: 2443: 2438: 2437: 2434: 2433: 2430: 2429: 2423: 2409: 2404: 2398: 2393: 2387: 2382: 2377: 2372: 2367: 2362: 2357: 2352: 2347: 2342: 2340:Czechoslovakia 2337: 2332: 2327: 2321: 2316: 2311: 2306: 2300: 2294: 2289: 2288: 2285: 2284: 2281: 2280: 2275: 2270: 2265: 2260: 2255: 2250: 2245: 2240: 2235: 2230: 2225: 2220: 2215: 2210: 2204: 2189: 2188: 2185: 2184: 2176: 2175: 2164: 2161: 2126:Azerbaijan SSR 2118:Lithuanian SSR 2090:Belarusian SSR 2030: 2027: 1970:Irish Republic 1887:Russian Empire 1848:Vladimir Lenin 1838: 1837: 1752: 1750: 1743: 1736:Name of Russia 1731: 1728: 1680:Moscow Kremlin 1599:, established 1480:sovereign part 1432: 1431: 1410: 1407: 1406: 1404: 1403: 1400:Imperial ruble 1396: 1390: 1387: 1381: 1374: 1367: 1364: 1356: 1353: 1352: 1349: 1348: 1345: 1344: 1337: 1331: 1330: 1323: 1313: 1312: 1305: 1295: 1294: 1287: 1277: 1276: 1269: 1259: 1258: 1251: 1241: 1240: 1233: 1223: 1222: 1215: 1205: 1204: 1197: 1191: 1190: 1183: 1177: 1176: 1169: 1163: 1162: 1155: 1142: 1139: 1138: 1129: 1121: 1120: 1115: 1107: 1106: 1097: 1089: 1088: 1079: 1071: 1070: 1061: 1053: 1052: 1043: 1035: 1034: 1025: 1017: 1016: 1007: 999: 998: 989: 977: 976: 971: 961: 960: 955: 949: 948: 943: 937: 936: 931: 927: 926: 919: 915: 914: 904: 900: 899: 896: 895: 892: 889: 886: 885: 882: 881: 877: 876: 873: 869: 868: 864: 863: 860: 859: 856: 850: 847: 846: 843: 837: 834: 833: 830: 827: 824: 823: 820: 814: 811: 810: 807: 801: 798: 797: 794: 781: 778: 777: 774: 768: 765: 764: 761: 758: 755: 754: 751: 745: 742: 741: 738: 732: 729: 728: 725: 724: 722: 721: 716: 711: 706: 700: 698: 697:Historical era 694: 693: 691: 690: 681: 679:Supreme Soviet 672: 658: 656: 652: 651: 648: 647: 642: 639: 636: 635: 630: 627: 624: 623: 621:Vladimir Lenin 618: 615: 612: 611: 608: 607: 604: 598: 597: 594: 593: 588: 581: 578: 577: 572: 569: 566: 565: 562: 561: 558: 552: 551: 549: 548: 530: 512: 479: 455: 453: 449: 448: 443: 437: 436: 434: 433: 427: 417: 406: 404: 400: 399: 391: 385: 384: 379: 375: 374: 369: 365: 364: 362: 361: 354: 346: 344: 340: 339: 337: 336: 325: 319:Union Republic 311: 301: 299: 295: 294: 287: 279: 278: 276: 275: 246: 244: 193: 191: 158: 156: 139: 136: 129: 128: 115: 114: 105: 98: 97: 85: 78: 71: 70: 69: 66: 65: 61: 60: 51: 46: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 10828: 10817: 10814: 10812: 10809: 10807: 10804: 10802: 10799: 10797: 10794: 10792: 10789: 10787: 10784: 10782: 10779: 10777: 10774: 10772: 10769: 10767: 10764: 10762: 10759: 10757: 10754: 10752: 10749: 10747: 10744: 10742: 10739: 10737: 10734: 10733: 10731: 10714: 10713:Yugoslav Wars 10711: 10710: 10709: 10706: 10704: 10701: 10699: 10696: 10694: 10691: 10689: 10686: 10684: 10681: 10679: 10676: 10674: 10671: 10669: 10666: 10664: 10661: 10659: 10656: 10654: 10653: 10649: 10647: 10644: 10643: 10641: 10637: 10631: 10628: 10626: 10623: 10621: 10618: 10616: 10613: 10611: 10608: 10605: 10601: 10598: 10597: 10595: 10591: 10585: 10582: 10580: 10576: 10572: 10569: 10567: 10564: 10562: 10559: 10557: 10554: 10552: 10548: 10547:Prague Spring 10545: 10543: 10540: 10538: 10535: 10533: 10530: 10528: 10525: 10523: 10520: 10518: 10515: 10513: 10510: 10509: 10507: 10499: 10493: 10487: 10485: 10479: 10477: 10474: 10472: 10469: 10467: 10464: 10463: 10461: 10459:Organizations 10457: 10451: 10445: 10443: 10440: 10438: 10435: 10433: 10430: 10428: 10425: 10423: 10420: 10418: 10415: 10413: 10407: 10406: 10404: 10400: 10394: 10391: 10389: 10386: 10384: 10381: 10379: 10376: 10372: 10369: 10367: 10364: 10362: 10361:Baltic states 10359: 10357: 10354: 10353: 10352: 10349: 10347: 10344: 10343: 10341: 10337: 10330: 10327: 10325: 10322: 10321: 10317: 10313: 10306: 10301: 10299: 10294: 10292: 10287: 10286: 10283: 10271: 10263: 10261: 10260: 10249: 10248: 10245: 10235: 10232: 10228: 10225: 10224: 10223: 10220: 10216: 10213: 10212: 10211: 10208: 10204: 10201: 10200: 10199: 10196: 10195: 10193: 10189: 10181: 10178: 10177: 10175: 10172: 10171: 10169: 10167: 10163: 10157: 10154: 10152: 10149: 10147: 10144: 10142: 10139: 10137: 10134: 10132: 10131:Printed media 10129: 10127: 10124: 10120: 10117: 10116: 10115: 10112: 10110: 10107: 10105: 10102: 10100: 10097: 10095: 10092: 10091: 10089: 10087: 10083: 10077: 10074: 10072: 10069: 10065: 10064:Cyrillisation 10062: 10060: 10057: 10056: 10055: 10052: 10050: 10047: 10045: 10042: 10038: 10035: 10033: 10032:Working class 10030: 10028: 10027:Soviet people 10025: 10024: 10023: 10020: 10018: 10015: 10013: 10010: 10009: 10006: 10003: 10001: 9997: 9989: 9986: 9985: 9984: 9981: 9979: 9976: 9974: 9971: 9969: 9966: 9964: 9961: 9959: 9956: 9954: 9951: 9950: 9948: 9946: 9942: 9934: 9931: 9929: 9926: 9924: 9921: 9920: 9919: 9916: 9914: 9908: 9906: 9903: 9901: 9898: 9896: 9893: 9891: 9888: 9886: 9883: 9881: 9878: 9876: 9875:Energy policy 9873: 9871: 9868: 9866: 9863: 9861: 9858: 9857: 9855: 9853: 9849: 9839: 9836: 9834: 9831: 9829: 9826: 9824: 9821: 9820: 9818: 9816: 9812: 9806: 9803: 9801: 9798: 9794: 9791: 9790: 9789: 9786: 9784: 9781: 9779: 9776: 9774: 9771: 9769: 9766: 9764: 9761: 9760: 9758: 9756: 9752: 9744: 9740: 9736: 9732: 9728: 9725: 9724: 9723: 9720: 9716: 9713: 9711: 9708: 9707: 9706: 9703: 9701: 9698: 9694: 9691: 9690: 9689: 9686: 9682: 9679: 9678: 9677: 9674: 9672: 9669: 9667: 9664: 9663: 9661: 9659: 9655: 9649: 9646: 9644: 9641: 9639: 9636: 9632: 9629: 9628: 9627: 9624: 9623: 9621: 9617: 9609: 9606: 9605: 9604: 9603:Supreme Court 9601: 9598: 9595: 9592: 9589: 9586: 9583: 9579: 9576: 9572: 9569: 9567: 9564: 9563: 9562: 9559: 9557: 9554: 9552: 9549: 9548: 9547: 9544: 9543: 9541: 9537: 9531: 9528: 9524: 9521: 9519: 9516: 9514: 9511: 9510: 9509: 9506: 9504: 9501: 9499: 9496: 9494: 9491: 9487: 9484: 9483: 9482: 9479: 9477: 9474: 9472: 9469: 9465: 9462: 9461: 9460: 9457: 9453: 9450: 9449: 9448: 9445: 9443: 9440: 9436: 9433: 9432: 9431: 9428: 9426: 9423: 9419: 9416: 9414: 9411: 9410: 9409: 9406: 9405: 9403: 9399: 9396: 9394: 9390: 9380: 9377: 9375: 9372: 9370: 9367: 9365: 9362: 9360: 9357: 9355: 9352: 9350: 9347: 9346: 9344: 9340: 9334: 9331: 9329: 9326: 9322: 9319: 9318: 9317: 9314: 9312: 9309: 9305: 9302: 9301: 9300: 9297: 9296: 9294: 9292: 9288: 9285: 9283: 9279: 9273: 9270: 9268: 9265: 9263: 9260: 9258: 9255: 9253: 9250: 9248: 9245: 9243: 9240: 9238: 9235: 9233: 9230: 9228: 9225: 9223: 9220: 9218: 9215: 9213: 9210: 9206: 9205:The Holocaust 9203: 9201: 9198: 9197: 9195: 9192: 9190: 9187: 9185: 9182: 9180: 9177: 9175: 9172: 9170: 9167: 9165: 9162: 9158: 9155: 9153: 9150: 9149: 9148: 9145: 9143: 9140: 9139: 9137: 9135: 9131: 9126: 9119: 9114: 9112: 9107: 9105: 9100: 9099: 9096: 9084: 9081: 9079: 9076: 9075: 9070: 9066: 9065: 9061: 9051: 9048: 9044: 9041: 9040: 9039: 9036: 9034: 9033:Seven Wonders 9031: 9029: 9026: 9024: 9021: 9019: 9016: 9014: 9011: 9009: 9006: 9004: 9001: 8999: 8998:Playing cards 8996: 8994: 8991: 8989: 8986: 8984: 8981: 8977: 8974: 8972: 8969: 8967: 8964: 8963: 8962: 8959: 8957: 8954: 8952: 8949: 8947: 8944: 8942: 8939: 8937: 8934: 8932: 8929: 8927: 8924: 8922: 8919: 8917: 8914: 8912: 8909: 8907: 8904: 8902: 8899: 8897: 8894: 8892: 8889: 8887: 8884: 8882: 8879: 8877: 8874: 8872: 8869: 8865: 8862: 8861: 8860: 8857: 8855: 8852: 8850: 8847: 8845: 8842: 8840: 8837: 8835: 8832: 8830: 8827: 8826: 8824: 8822: 8818: 8810: 8807: 8806: 8805: 8802: 8800: 8797: 8795: 8792: 8790: 8787: 8785: 8782: 8780: 8777: 8775: 8772: 8770: 8767: 8765: 8762: 8760: 8757: 8755: 8752: 8750: 8747: 8745: 8742: 8740: 8737: 8735: 8732: 8730: 8727: 8723: 8720: 8718: 8715: 8714: 8713: 8710: 8706: 8703: 8702: 8701: 8698: 8694: 8693:Mental health 8691: 8689: 8686: 8684: 8681: 8680: 8679: 8676: 8674: 8671: 8669: 8666: 8664: 8661: 8659: 8656: 8654: 8653:Ethnic groups 8651: 8649: 8646: 8644: 8641: 8639: 8636: 8634: 8631: 8629: 8626: 8624: 8621: 8619: 8616: 8614: 8611: 8609: 8606: 8604: 8601: 8599: 8596: 8594: 8591: 8589: 8586: 8585: 8582: 8579: 8577: 8573: 8563: 8560: 8558: 8555: 8553: 8550: 8548: 8545: 8543: 8540: 8538: 8535: 8533: 8530: 8528: 8525: 8523: 8520: 8518: 8515: 8511: 8508: 8507: 8506: 8503: 8501: 8495: 8493: 8490: 8488: 8485: 8483: 8480: 8478: 8475: 8473: 8470: 8468: 8465: 8463: 8460: 8458: 8455: 8453: 8450: 8448: 8445: 8443: 8440: 8438: 8435: 8433: 8430: 8428: 8425: 8423: 8420: 8418: 8415: 8413: 8410: 8409: 8406: 8403: 8401: 8397: 8387: 8384: 8382: 8379: 8377: 8374: 8372: 8369: 8367: 8364: 8362: 8359: 8357: 8356:Civil defense 8354: 8352: 8349: 8347: 8344: 8342: 8339: 8337: 8334: 8332: 8329: 8327: 8324: 8322: 8319: 8317: 8314: 8312: 8309: 8307: 8304: 8302: 8301:Media freedom 8299: 8297: 8294: 8292: 8289: 8287: 8284: 8282: 8279: 8277: 8274: 8272: 8269: 8267: 8264: 8262: 8259: 8257: 8254: 8252: 8249: 8246: 8242: 8239: 8237: 8234: 8232: 8229: 8226: 8222: 8219: 8217: 8214: 8211: 8207: 8204: 8202: 8199: 8197: 8194: 8192: 8189: 8187: 8186:Criminal code 8184: 8182: 8179: 8177: 8174: 8172: 8169: 8167: 8166:Civil Service 8164: 8162: 8159: 8157: 8154: 8153: 8150: 8147: 8145: 8141: 8131: 8128: 8126: 8123: 8121: 8118: 8116: 8113: 8111: 8108: 8104: 8101: 8099: 8096: 8094: 8091: 8090: 8089: 8086: 8082: 8079: 8077: 8074: 8072: 8069: 8068: 8067: 8064: 8060: 8057: 8056: 8055: 8052: 8050: 8047: 8045: 8042: 8040: 8037: 8035: 8032: 8030: 8027: 8025: 8022: 8018: 8015: 8013: 8010: 8008: 8005: 8003: 8000: 7998: 7995: 7994: 7993: 7990: 7988: 7985: 7981: 7978: 7977: 7976: 7973: 7971: 7968: 7966: 7963: 7961: 7958: 7956: 7953: 7952: 7949: 7946: 7944: 7940: 7930: 7927: 7925: 7922: 7920: 7917: 7915: 7912: 7910: 7907: 7905: 7902: 7900: 7897: 7895: 7892: 7890: 7887: 7885: 7882: 7881: 7879: 7875: 7867: 7864: 7863: 7862: 7859: 7855: 7852: 7850: 7847: 7845: 7842: 7841: 7840: 7837: 7833: 7830: 7828: 7827:Russian state 7825: 7824: 7823: 7820: 7818: 7815: 7811: 7808: 7807: 7806: 7803: 7801: 7798: 7794: 7791: 7790: 7789: 7786: 7784: 7781: 7777: 7774: 7772: 7769: 7767: 7764: 7763: 7761: 7759: 7756: 7754: 7751: 7749: 7746: 7744: 7741: 7739: 7736: 7734: 7731: 7729: 7726: 7725: 7723: 7721: 7717: 7714: 7712: 7708: 7703: 7696: 7691: 7689: 7684: 7682: 7677: 7676: 7673: 7660: 7657: 7654: 7651: 7648: 7645: 7642: 7639: 7636: 7633: 7632: 7630: 7626: 7619: 7616: 7613: 7610: 7609: 7607: 7603: 7593: 7592:Moldavian SSR 7590: 7588: 7585: 7583: 7580: 7578: 7575: 7574: 7572: 7570: 7565: 7559: 7556: 7554: 7551: 7549: 7546: 7544: 7541: 7539: 7536: 7535: 7533: 7531: 7524: 7518: 7517:Ukrainian SSR 7515: 7513: 7510: 7508: 7505: 7503: 7500: 7498: 7495: 7493: 7490: 7489: 7487: 7485: 7481: 7478: 7474: 7469: 7462: 7457: 7455: 7450: 7448: 7443: 7442: 7439: 7433: 7430: 7427: 7426: 7422: 7420: 7414: 7413: 7401: 7397: 7394: 7389: 7383: 7379: 7376: 7372: 7366: 7350: 7346: 7342: 7336: 7321: 7318: 7312: 7305: 7300: 7293: 7289: 7286: 7282: 7277: 7270: 7265: 7258: 7253: 7246: 7241: 7235: 7231: 7228: 7225: 7224:Воронин Ю. М. 7220: 7214: 7211: 7210:Бабурин С. Н. 7206: 7200: 7195: 7189: 7186: 7181: 7174: 7173: 7168: 7162: 7153: 7144: 7136: 7135: 7128: 7121: 7115: 7108:(in Russian). 7107: 7106: 7101: 7092: 7076: 7072: 7064: 7056: 7054:0-333-66294-6 7050: 7046: 7039: 7023: 7019: 7013: 6997: 6993: 6989: 6982: 6966: 6962: 6960:9780674076082 6956: 6952: 6951: 6943: 6935: 6929: 6925: 6924: 6916: 6908: 6907: 6899: 6891: 6885: 6881: 6880: 6872: 6864: 6863: 6855: 6847: 6846: 6838: 6831: 6819: 6815: 6808: 6800: 6794: 6790: 6789: 6781: 6773: 6767: 6763: 6762: 6754: 6746: 6740: 6736: 6735: 6727: 6711: 6707: 6701: 6694: 6690: 6687: 6682: 6674: 6668: 6664: 6660: 6659: 6654: 6648: 6641: 6637: 6633: 6627: 6620: 6616: 6613: 6608: 6606: 6597: 6595:9780674018013 6591: 6587: 6580: 6578: 6568: 6560: 6556: 6555: 6549: 6542: 6535: 6524: 6518: 6514: 6513: 6504: 6497: 6486: 6484:9781933648156 6480: 6476: 6471: 6470: 6461: 6455: 6450: 6448: 6438: 6432: 6427: 6421: 6416: 6400: 6396: 6390: 6386: 6385: 6377: 6358: 6354: 6353:Pubs.USGS.gov 6347: 6340: 6333: 6329: 6326: 6321: 6319: 6317: 6315: 6308:), article I. 6307: 6303: 6299: 6296: 6290: 6282: 6280:9781443855211 6276: 6272: 6265: 6263: 6261: 6253: 6249: 6246: 6241: 6239: 6237: 6228: 6226:0-19-512179-1 6222: 6218: 6211: 6203: 6197: 6193: 6192: 6184: 6182: 6175: 6171: 6166: 6150: 6147:. Garant.ru. 6146: 6140: 6131: 6124: 6123: 6118: 6114: 6110: 6104: 6097: 6096: 6091: 6087: 6083: 6079: 6074: 6070: 6056: 6052: 6051:national flag 6046: 6037: 6031: 6018:Russian: 6015: 6006: 5992: 5988: 5974: 5973: 5969: 5965: 5955: 5952: 5950: 5947: 5945: 5942: 5941: 5925: 5920: 5913: 5908: 5901: 5896: 5889: 5884: 5877: 5872: 5871: 5867: 5865: 5861: 5857: 5853: 5849: 5845: 5841: 5837: 5833: 5829: 5825: 5821: 5817: 5810: 5800: 5798: 5797:Mother Russia 5794: 5790: 5786: 5785:national tree 5782: 5778: 5774: 5770: 5766: 5762: 5757: 5755: 5751: 5747: 5743: 5740:and the full 5739: 5735: 5731: 5727: 5723: 5719: 5711: 5707: 5703: 5701: 5697: 5693: 5689: 5685: 5680: 5678: 5674: 5670: 5666: 5662: 5658: 5654: 5648: 5644: 5633: 5623: 5619: 5615: 5613: 5608: 5605: 5604:war communism 5592: 5588: 5584: 5581: 5578: 5574: 5571: 5568: 5564: 5561: 5558: 5554: 5551: 5548: 5544: 5540: 5537: 5534: 5530: 5526: 5522: 5517: 5513: 5509: 5508:Grozny Oblast 5505: 5501: 5497: 5493: 5489: 5485: 5481: 5478: 5475: 5471: 5467: 5464: 5461: 5457: 5453: 5449: 5445: 5441: 5438: 5435: 5431: 5427: 5426:Rostov Oblast 5423: 5419: 5415: 5412: 5409: 5405: 5401: 5398: 5395: 5391: 5387: 5384: 5381: 5377: 5373: 5370: 5367: 5363: 5359: 5356: 5353: 5349: 5346: 5343: 5338: 5334: 5331: 5328: 5324: 5320: 5319:Volga Germans 5316: 5312: 5309: 5306: 5302: 5298: 5294: 5293:Karelian ASSR 5291: 5288: 5284: 5280: 5276: 5272: 5269: 5266: 5262: 5258: 5255: 5252: 5249:, Crimea was 5248: 5244: 5240: 5236: 5232: 5228: 5224: 5220: 5216: 5212: 5208: 5207:Baron Wrangel 5205:'s defeat of 5204: 5200: 5196: 5193: 5190: 5186: 5185:Dagestan ASSR 5183: 5180: 5176: 5172: 5168: 5164: 5160: 5159:Mountain ASSR 5157: 5154: 5150: 5146: 5142: 5138: 5137:Kazakh people 5134: 5130: 5126: 5125:Semipalatinsk 5122: 5118: 5114: 5111: 5107: 5103: 5100:populated by 5099: 5095: 5092: 5089: 5085: 5082:populated by 5081: 5077: 5074: 5071: 5067: 5063: 5059: 5055: 5051: 5047: 5043: 5039: 5035: 5031: 5027: 5024: 5023: 5017: 5015: 5011: 5007: 5003: 4997: 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4391:ектрификации 4390: 4386: 4382: 4377: 4375: 4371: 4367: 4363: 4359: 4355: 4352:approved the 4351: 4346: 4343: 4339: 4335: 4331: 4326: 4324: 4320: 4311: 4303: 4295: 4286: 4284: 4280: 4276: 4272: 4271:Eastern Front 4268: 4267:German Empire 4264: 4260: 4256: 4251: 4249: 4245: 4241: 4237: 4233: 4229: 4226:), property ( 4225: 4221: 4217: 4212: 4207: 4205: 4201: 4197: 4193: 4189: 4185: 4181: 4170: 4166: 4162: 4156: 4147: 4143: 4139: 4133: 4112: 4107: 4105: 4100: 4098: 4093: 4092: 4090: 4089: 4086: 4076: 4075: 4070: 4063: 4059: 4055: 4051: 4047: 4043: 4039: 4035: 4031: 4027: 4019: 4018: 4009: 4005: 4001: 4000: 3991: 3987: 3986: 3980: 3979: 3974: 3973: 3970: 3965: 3961: 3959: 3958: 3953: 3952: 3949: 3944: 3940: 3938: 3937: 3932: 3931: 3928: 3923: 3919: 3917: 3916: 3911: 3910: 3907: 3902: 3898: 3896: 3895: 3890: 3889: 3886: 3881: 3877: 3875: 3874: 3869: 3868: 3861: 3858: 3856: 3852: 3851: 3844: 3841: 3839: 3835: 3834: 3827: 3825: 3822: 3821: 3814: 3810: 3806: 3802: 3798: 3794: 3790: 3786: 3782: 3781:War in Donbas 3778: 3774: 3770: 3764: 3763:Five-Days War 3760: 3756: 3752: 3748: 3744: 3740: 3736: 3735:Privatization 3732: 3728: 3722: 3718: 3714: 3708: 3704: 3701: 3700: 3697: 3696:Modern Russia 3684: 3682: 3679: 3678: 3675: 3673: 3672: 3667: 3666: 3662: 3660: 3656: 3655: 3651: 3649: 3645: 3644: 3640: 3638: 3635: 3634: 3627: 3623: 3619: 3613: 3609: 3605: 3601: 3597: 3591: 3587: 3583: 3579: 3575: 3571: 3567: 3563: 3559: 3555: 3551: 3547: 3544: 3543: 3540: 3528: 3526: 3525: 3520: 3519: 3515: 3513: 3509: 3508: 3504: 3502: 3501:Russian State 3499: 3498: 3494: 3492: 3488: 3487: 3483: 3481: 3477: 3476: 3472: 3470: 3469:Ukrainian SSR 3466: 3465: 3461: 3459: 3456: 3455: 3451: 3449: 3445: 3444: 3440: 3438: 3435: 3434: 3428: 3424: 3420: 3419:War Communism 3416: 3410: 3406: 3402: 3398: 3394: 3390: 3386: 3382: 3378: 3374: 3370: 3369: 3368:Dvoyevlastiye 3364: 3360: 3357: 3356: 3353: 3340: 3338: 3334: 3333: 3329: 3327: 3323: 3322: 3318: 3316: 3312: 3311: 3307: 3305: 3301: 3300: 3296: 3294: 3290: 3289: 3285: 3283: 3280: 3279: 3275: 3273: 3270: 3269: 3263: 3259: 3255: 3251: 3247: 3243: 3239: 3235: 3231: 3227: 3223: 3217: 3214: 3213: 3210: 3198: 3196: 3195: 3190: 3189: 3185: 3183: 3180: 3179: 3175: 3173: 3170: 3169: 3165: 3163: 3160: 3159: 3153: 3149: 3145: 3141: 3138: 3137: 3134: 3122: 3120: 3119: 3114: 3113: 3109: 3107: 3106:Rostov-Suzdal 3104: 3103: 3099: 3097: 3094: 3093: 3089: 3087: 3084: 3083: 3079: 3077: 3076:Novgorod Land 3074: 3073: 3067: 3066: 3061: 3057: 3054: 3053: 3050: 3038: 3036: 3032: 3031: 3028: 3026: 3022: 3021: 3018: 3016: 3012: 3011: 3007: 3005: 3002: 3001: 2997: 2993: 2989: 2980: 2979: 2975: 2971: 2970: 2967: 2961: 2960: 2955: 2950: 2949: 2939: 2934: 2932: 2927: 2925: 2920: 2919: 2917: 2916: 2909: 2906: 2904: 2901: 2899: 2896: 2894: 2891: 2889: 2888:Yugoslav Wars 2886: 2884: 2881: 2879: 2876: 2874: 2871: 2869: 2866: 2864: 2861: 2859: 2856: 2854: 2851: 2850: 2842: 2841: 2834: 2831: 2829: 2826: 2824: 2821: 2819: 2816: 2814: 2811: 2809: 2806: 2804: 2801: 2799: 2796: 2793: 2789: 2787: 2784: 2782: 2779: 2777: 2776:Secret Speech 2774: 2772: 2769: 2767: 2764: 2762: 2759: 2757: 2754: 2752: 2751:Marshall Plan 2749: 2748: 2740: 2739: 2728: 2725: 2723: 2720: 2718: 2715: 2713: 2710: 2708: 2705: 2704: 2703: 2702: 2699: 2696: 2695: 2690: 2687: 2685: 2682: 2680: 2677: 2675: 2672: 2670: 2667: 2665: 2662: 2660: 2657: 2655: 2652: 2650: 2647: 2643: 2640: 2638: 2635: 2634: 2633: 2630: 2628: 2625: 2623: 2620: 2618: 2615: 2613: 2610: 2608: 2605: 2601: 2598: 2596: 2593: 2592: 2591: 2588: 2587: 2586: 2585: 2581: 2580: 2575: 2572: 2570: 2567: 2565: 2562: 2560: 2557: 2555: 2552: 2551: 2550: 2549: 2546: 2543: 2542: 2537: 2534: 2532: 2529: 2527: 2524: 2522: 2519: 2517: 2514: 2512: 2509: 2507: 2504: 2503: 2502: 2501: 2498: 2495: 2494: 2488: 2480: 2479: 2472: 2469: 2467: 2464: 2462: 2459: 2457: 2456: 2452: 2450: 2449: 2445: 2444: 2436: 2435: 2427: 2424: 2421: 2417: 2416:North Vietnam 2413: 2410: 2408: 2405: 2402: 2399: 2397: 2394: 2391: 2388: 2386: 2383: 2381: 2378: 2376: 2373: 2371: 2368: 2366: 2363: 2361: 2358: 2356: 2353: 2351: 2348: 2346: 2343: 2341: 2338: 2336: 2333: 2331: 2328: 2325: 2322: 2320: 2317: 2315: 2312: 2310: 2307: 2304: 2301: 2299: 2296: 2295: 2287: 2286: 2279: 2276: 2274: 2271: 2269: 2266: 2264: 2261: 2259: 2256: 2254: 2251: 2249: 2246: 2244: 2241: 2239: 2236: 2234: 2231: 2229: 2226: 2224: 2221: 2219: 2216: 2214: 2211: 2209: 2206: 2205: 2201: 2195: 2187: 2186: 2178: 2177: 2174: 2169: 2168: 2160: 2158: 2154: 2149: 2147: 2143: 2139: 2135: 2131: 2127: 2123: 2119: 2115: 2111: 2107: 2103: 2099: 2095: 2091: 2087: 2083: 2082:Ukrainian SSR 2079: 2075: 2071: 2067: 2063: 2059: 2055: 2051: 2047: 2044:on the west; 2043: 2038: 2036: 2026: 2024: 2020: 2016: 2012: 2011:official name 2008: 2003: 1996: 1994: 1990: 1986: 1982: 1978: 1973: 1971: 1967: 1963: 1959: 1955: 1951: 1946: 1944: 1940: 1936: 1932: 1927: 1925: 1917: 1913: 1912: 1906: 1904: 1900: 1897:the previous 1896: 1892: 1888: 1884: 1880: 1876: 1872: 1868: 1864: 1860: 1857: 1853: 1849: 1845: 1834: 1831: 1823: 1820:February 2022 1812: 1809: 1805: 1802: 1798: 1795: 1791: 1788: 1784: 1781: – 1780: 1776: 1775:Find sources: 1769: 1765: 1759: 1758: 1753:This section 1751: 1747: 1742: 1741: 1737: 1727: 1725: 1721: 1717: 1712: 1710: 1705: 1701: 1697: 1693: 1689: 1685: 1681: 1677: 1673: 1669: 1665: 1661: 1657: 1652: 1650: 1646: 1642: 1637: 1633: 1628: 1626: 1622: 1618: 1614: 1613:Boris Yeltsin 1610: 1606: 1602: 1598: 1594: 1590: 1586: 1582: 1578: 1574: 1570: 1565: 1563: 1559: 1555: 1550: 1544: 1542: 1538: 1534: 1530: 1526: 1522: 1518: 1517:urban centers 1514: 1510: 1506: 1502: 1498: 1494: 1490: 1486: 1481: 1477: 1473: 1469: 1466: 1463: 1459: 1458:Soviet Russia 1455: 1451: 1447: 1443: 1439: 1428: 1424: 1420: 1414: 1408: 1401: 1395: 1386: 1379: 1372: 1362: 1359:Remained the 1357: 1354: 1338: 1336: 1333: 1332: 1324: 1322: 1319: 1315: 1314: 1306: 1304: 1301: 1297: 1296: 1288: 1286: 1283: 1279: 1278: 1270: 1268: 1265: 1261: 1260: 1252: 1250: 1247: 1243: 1242: 1234: 1232: 1229: 1225: 1224: 1216: 1214: 1211: 1207: 1206: 1198: 1196: 1193: 1192: 1184: 1182: 1179: 1178: 1170: 1168: 1165: 1164: 1156: 1154: 1151: 1147: 1146: 1143: 1137: 1134: 1130: 1123: 1122: 1119: 1116: 1109: 1108: 1105: 1102: 1098: 1091: 1090: 1087: 1084: 1080: 1073: 1072: 1069: 1066: 1062: 1055: 1054: 1051: 1048: 1044: 1037: 1036: 1033: 1030: 1026: 1019: 1018: 1015: 1014:Russian State 1012: 1008: 1001: 1000: 997: 994: 990: 983: 982: 979: 978: 975: 972: 970: 967: 966: 962: 959: 956: 954: 950: 947: 944: 942: 941:ISO 3166 code 938: 935: 932: 928: 924: 920: 916: 912: 908: 905: 901: 897: 893: 887: 883: 878: 874: 870: 865: 861: 857: 854: 848: 844: 841: 835: 831: 825: 821: 818: 812: 808: 805: 799: 795: 792: 791:Ukrainian SSR 788: 785: 779: 775: 772: 766: 762: 756: 752: 749: 743: 739: 736: 730: 726: 720: 717: 715: 712: 710: 707: 705: 702: 701: 699: 695: 689: 685: 682: 680: 676: 673: 671: 667: 663: 660: 659: 657: 653: 649: 646: 645:Boris Yeltsin 643: 637: 634: 631: 625: 622: 619: 613: 609: 605: 603: 599: 595: 592: 591:Boris Yeltsin 589: 579: 576: 573: 567: 563: 559: 557: 556:Head of state 553: 547: 544: 541: 538: 534: 531: 529: 526: 525:parliamentary 523: 520: 516: 513: 511: 508: 505: 502: 501:parliamentary 498: 495: 491: 488: 483: 480: 478: 475: 472: 468: 467:parliamentary 465: 460: 457: 456: 454: 450: 447: 444: 442: 438: 431: 428: 425: 421: 420:State atheism 418: 415: 411: 410:Secular state 408: 407: 405: 401: 398: 397: 392: 386: 383: 380: 376: 373: 370: 366: 358: 355: 351: 348: 347: 345: 341: 335: 329: 326: 324: 320: 315: 312: 310: 306: 303: 302: 300: 296: 291: 285: 280: 250: 245: 197: 192: 162: 157: 143: 138: 137: 134: 130: 126: 120: 116: 110: 102: 94: 82: 75: 67: 62: 44: 41: 37: 33: 19: 10751:Eastern Bloc 10650: 10324:Soviet Union 10312:Eastern Bloc 10250: 10022:Demographics 10012:Antisemitism 9865:Central Bank 9783:Forced labor 9731:Spetsnaz GRU 9551:organisation 9459:Human rights 9408:Constitution 9291:Subdivisions 9169:Russian SFSR 9168: 9125:Soviet Union 8971:Coat of arms 8931:Martial arts 8839:Army culture 8829:Architecture 8799:Witch trials 8754:Prostitution 8700:Human rights 8633:Demographics 8547:Trade unions 8517:Shipbuilding 8477:Homelessness 8437:Central Bank 8432:Car industry 8271:Conservatism 8181:Constitution 8176:Conscription 7849:Eastern Bloc 7839:Soviet Union 7832:Russian SFSR 7831: 7762:Feudal Rus' 7641:Bukharan SSR 7635:SSR Abkhazia 7577:Estonian SSR 7530:Russian SFSR 7529: 7512:Russian SFSR 7511: 7507:Georgian SSR 7492:Armenian SSR 7424: 7416:(in Russian) 7388: 7365: 7353:. 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Retrieved 6139: 6130: 6120: 6116: 6103: 6093: 6073: 6045: 6014: 5968: 5824:World War II 5812: 5803:Flag history 5789:Russian bear 5758: 5715: 5681: 5661:Mother's Day 5650: 5620: 5616: 5609: 5601: 5511: 5456:Georgian SSR 5358:Kirghiz ASSR 5348:Chuvash ASSR 5337:Kirghiz ASSR 5195:Crimean ASSR 5076:Bashkir ASSR 5066:Kara-Kirghiz 5046:Bukharan PSR 4999: 4978: 4947: 4897: 4882: 4878:popular vote 4863: 4845:adopted the 4832: 4802: 4787: 4770:Russian SFSR 4763: 4752: 4737: 4712:East Prussia 4710:province of 4693: 4670: 4639: 4624: 4605: 4601:Georgian SSR 4597:World War II 4570: 4539: 4513: 4481:Kirghiz ASSR 4438: 4417: 4413: 4392: 4388: 4384: 4378: 4347: 4330:black market 4327: 4316: 4252: 4230:), justice ( 4214:Soviets and 4208: 4177: 4161:Leon Trotsky 4142:Soviet Union 4003: 3997: 3989: 3983: 3978:full list... 3976: 3962: 3955: 3941: 3934: 3920: 3913: 3899: 3892: 3878: 3871: 3809:Mobilization 3801:Debt default 3743:Chechen wars 3694:since 1991: 3671:full list... 3669: 3648:Russian SFSR 3637:Soviet Union 3554:Korenization 3524:full list... 3522: 3458:Russian SFSR 3367: 3226:Zemsky Sobor 3194:full list... 3192: 3118:full list... 3116: 3063: 3049:Ancient Rus' 2722:to Hong Kong 2717:East Germany 2669:Tbilisi 1989 2654:Romania 1977 2622:Hungary 1956 2617:Georgia 1956 2453: 2446: 2345:East Germany 2257: 2172:Eastern Bloc 2150: 2134:Georgian SSR 2102:Estonian SSR 2039: 2032: 2014: 2004: 1997: 1980: 1974: 1947: 1938: 1934: 1928: 1910: 1907: 1852:Leon Trotsky 1841: 1826: 1817: 1807: 1800: 1793: 1786: 1774: 1762:Please help 1757:verification 1754: 1730:Nomenclature 1713: 1684:Russian flag 1658:(and former 1653: 1648: 1629: 1595:adopted the 1581:constitution 1579:. The first 1566: 1545: 1509:ethnic group 1476:Soviet Union 1457: 1453: 1449: 1445: 1442:Russian SFSR 1441: 1437: 1435: 1317: 1299: 1281: 1263: 1245: 1227: 1213:Soviet Union 1209: 1149: 1132: 1100: 1082: 1064: 1046: 1028: 1010: 992: 974:Succeeded by 973: 968: 953:Internet TLD 930:Calling code 907:Soviet ruble 890:• 1989 809:12 June 1990 714:World War II 683: 674: 661: 633:Ivan Silayev 532: 514: 481: 458: 423: 413: 393: 368:Largest city 327: 323:Soviet Union 313: 304: 290:Soviet Union 132: 119:Motto: 118: 91:Bottom: Flag 40: 32:Soviet Union 10639:Dissolution 10579:Martial law 10502:Revolts and 10476:Warsaw Pact 10126:Phraseology 10071:Prohibition 10059:Linguistics 10044:Drug policy 10037:1989 census 9958:Cybernetics 9860:Agriculture 9773:Great Purge 9735:Soviet Navy 9727:Soviet Army 9599:(1989–1991) 9593:(1938–1991) 9587:(1922–1936) 9571:Secretariat 9442:Gun control 9349:Caspian Sea 9333:Closed city 9262:Dissolution 9247:Perestroika 9189:Great Purge 9023:tea culture 8876:Fairy tales 8739:Open access 8712:Immigration 8673:Gun control 8412:Agriculture 8381:Term limits 8291:Martial law 8286:Nationalism 8281:Irredentism 8276:Imperialism 8059:Caspian Sea 7975:Environment 7970:Earthquakes 7866:Union State 7854:Dissolution 7753:Kievan Rus' 7743:Early Slavs 7661:(1990–1991) 7655:(1990–1991) 7653:Abkhaz ASSR 7649:(1920–1924) 7647:Khorezm SSR 7643:(1920–1924) 7637:(1921–1931) 7620:(1922–1936) 7614:(1940–1956) 7605:Short-lived 7582:Latvian SSR 7567:Annexed in 7553:Kirghiz SSR 7543:Turkmen SSR 7470:(1922–1991) 7355:17 November 7325:17 November 7028:12 December 6818:Prof.Msu.RU 6716:22 November 6057:until 1993. 5820:right angle 5712:taken apart 5673:Victory Day 5414:Kalmyk ASSR 5400:Udmurt ASSR 5271:Buryat ASSR 5133:Bukey Horde 5129:Transcaspia 5113:Kirgiz ASSR 5070:Kara-Kalpak 5050:Turkmen SSR 5042:Khorezm SSR 4962:Soviet flag 4851:War of Laws 4811:Early 1990s 4776:1960s–1980s 4566:Volga River 4477:Kazakh ASSR 4469:Kazakh ASSR 4334:martial law 3703:August Coup 3626:War of Laws 3608:Perestroika 3586:Warsaw Pact 3574:Great Purge 3537:1923–1991: 3401:White Guard 3381:Directorate 3350:1917–1923: 3207:1480–1917: 3133:Feudal Rus' 3131:1240–1480: 3004:Rus' people 2996:Early Slavs 2963:History of 2808:Vietnam War 2798:Berlin Wall 2727:North Korea 2664:Brașov 1987 2632:Prague 1968 2595:Poznań 1956 2448:Warsaw Pact 2407:South Yemen 2385:North Korea 2298:Afghanistan 2218:Byelorussia 2110:Latvian SSR 2062:North Korea 2054:Scandinavia 1991:before the 1895:Nicholas II 1672:Soviet flag 1562:perestroika 1529:Novosibirsk 1462:independent 1423:sovereignty 1363:until 2000. 1249:Turkmen SSR 969:Preceded by 894:147,386,000 787:transferred 771:USSR formed 704:World War I 655:Legislature 575:Lev Kamenev 540:multi-party 522:multi-party 360:(1918–1991) 353:(1917–1918) 253:(1990–1991) 200:(1944–1990) 165:(1918–1944) 146:(1917–1918) 109:(1978–1991) 93:(1954–1991) 89:(1918–1937) 10730:Categories 10593:Conditions 10571:Solidarity 10504:opposition 10166:Opposition 10156:Television 10136:Propaganda 10109:Literature 9983:Naukograds 9978:Sharashkas 9912:(currency) 9890:Inventions 9833:Censorship 9763:Red Terror 9447:Government 9321:Autonomous 9304:Autonomous 9237:Stagnation 9200:Evacuation 9028:Television 9003:Philosophy 8936:Mass media 8926:Literature 8921:Inventions 8683:Healthcare 8618:Corruption 8608:Censorship 8499:(currency) 8376:Separatism 8321:Opposition 8306:Neo-Nazism 8296:Monarchism 8266:Liberalism 8261:Propaganda 8221:Government 8088:North Asia 7889:Journalism 7748:East Slavs 7738:Sarmatians 7548:Kazakh SSR 7345:www.nsc.ru 7002:27 October 6823:9 February 6569:required.) 6522:0804744939 6490:25 January 6431:Article 72 6420:Article 76 6394:0898757258 6111:, and the 6065:References 5750:Red Banner 5696:Red Square 5630:See also: 5333:Kazak ASSR 5257:Yakut ASSR 5094:Tatar ASSR 5058:Tajik ASSR 5008:until the 4994:See also: 4984:Government 4958:Presidency 4720:Königsberg 4620:separatism 4558:Stalingrad 4522:See also: 4509:Uzbekistan 4497:Kyrgyzstan 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A huge 5671:(1 May); 5563:Tuva ASSR 5553:Mari ASSR 5539:Komi ASSR 5462:Republic. 5446:from the 5380:Uzbek SSR 5153:Samarkand 5149:Syr Darya 5062:Tajik SSR 5054:Uzbek SSR 4761:in 1956. 4650:Pechorsky 4646:Ivangorod 4637:in 1961. 4585:Karachays 4571:In 1943, 4546:Wehrmacht 4323:Povolzhye 4232:Steinberg 4200:Petrograd 4062:1982–1991 4058:1964–1982 4054:1953–1964 4050:1927–1953 4046:1917–1927 4042:1894–1917 4038:1855–1894 4034:1796–1855 4030:1721–1796 3805:Sanctions 3755:Oligarchy 3685:1921–1944 3663:1940–1956 3652:1922–1991 3641:1922–1991 3558:Stalinism 3516:1921–1923 3505:1918–1920 3495:1922–1922 3484:1920–1922 3473:1919–1922 3462:1917–1922 3452:1917–1918 3441:1917–1918 3427:Emigrants 3413:Priamurye 3397:Civil War 3373:July Days 3341:1914–1921 3330:1900–1905 3319:1867–1915 3308:1809–1917 3297:1799–1867 3286:1721–1917 3276:1547–1721 3186:1263–1547 3176:1157–1331 3166:1136–1478 3110:1093–1157 3035:Garðaríki 2992:Antiquity 2689:Riga 1991 2679:Baku 1990 2569:Lithuania 2461:Cominform 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3830:present 3793:Prelude 3590:Comecon 3220:Time of 2983:Periods 2698:Dissent 2600:1980–89 2559:Estonia 2536:Ukraine 2526:Romania 2516:Croatia 2506:Albania 2455:Comecon 2412:Vietnam 2401:Somalia 2396:Romania 2360:Hungary 2355:Grenada 2303:Albania 2273:Ukraine 2228:Georgia 2223:Estonia 2208:Armenia 2196:of the 2163:History 2157:Siberia 2138:Georgia 2106:Estonia 2096:), the 2094:Belarus 2086:Ukraine 2050:Finland 1954:Finland 1950:Estonia 1916:Russian 1891:Romanov 1804:scholar 1690:by the 1662:of the 1621:elected 1501:oblasts 1487:, five 1474:of the 1465:federal 909:(Rbl) ( 851:• 838:• 815:• 802:• 782:• 769:• 746:• 733:• 586:(last) 582:• 537:Federal 519:Federal 487:Federal 464:Federal 446:Russian 414:de jure 382:Russian 343:Capital 321:of the 133:Anthem: 10491:(WFDY) 10483:(WFTU) 10210:Emblem 10198:Anthem 10146:Sports 10099:Cinema 10094:Ballet 10076:Racism 10049:Family 9539:Bodies 9127:topics 9083:Portal 9038:Sports 8966:Anthem 8854:Cinema 8849:Ballet 8759:Racism 8722:Labour 8678:Health 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