Race to the Sea - Knowledge

2195:(French Military Intelligence) also reported German troop movements from east to west, which led Joffre to continue the transfer of French troops from the east, which had begun on 2 September with the IV Corps and continued on 9 September with the XX Corps, 11 September with the XIII Corps and the XIV Corps on 18 September. The depletion of the French forces in the east, took place just before the Battle of Flirey, a German attack on 20 September against the Third Army on either side of Verdun, the Fifth Army north of Reims and the Sixth Army along the Aisne, which ended with the creation of the St. Mihiel Salient. Joffre maintained the French emphasis on the western flank, after receiving intercepted wireless messages, showing that the Germans were moving an army to the western flank and continued to assemble the Second Army to the north of the Sixth Army. On 24 September the Second Army was attacked and found difficulty in holding ground, rather than advancing around the German flank as intended. 152: 2061: 1100:. Since 1871 railway building had given the French General Staff sixteen lines to the German frontier against thirteen available to the German army and the French could wait until German intentions were clear. The French deployment was intended to be ready for a German offensive in Lorraine or through Belgium. It was anticipated that the Germans would use reserve troops but also expected that a large German army would be mobilised on the border with Russia, leaving the western army with sufficient troops only to advance through Belgium south of the Meuse and the Sambre rivers. French intelligence had obtained a map exercise of the German general staff of 1905, in which German troops had gone no further north than 2755: 52: 2672: 1442: 1834: 2220: 181: 2038:

French to retreat but on 8 September, the crisis eased. By 10 September, the German armies west of Verdun were retreating towards the Aisne and the Franco-British were following-up, collecting stragglers and equipment. On 12 September, Joffre ordered an outflanking move to the west and an attack northwards by the Third Army, to cut off the German retreat. The pursuit was too slow and by 14 September, the German armies had dug in north of the Aisne and the Allies met trench lines, rather than rearguards. Frontal attacks by the Ninth, Fifth and Sixth armies were repulsed from

2784:(preliminary bombardment) which ceased as the infantry began the assault. A moving barrage of fire was proposed as a combination of both methods and became a standard practice later in the war as guns and ammunition were accumulated in sufficient quantity. Falkenhayn issued memoranda on 7 and 25 January 1915, defining a theory of defensive warfare to be used on the Western Front, intended to enable ground to be held with the fewest possible troops. By economising on manpower in the west, a larger number of divisions could be sent to the Eastern Front. 2230:

from Antwerp, the Sixth Army was forced to end its advance and dig in around Nampcel and Roye. The IV and XIII corps were transferred to the Second Army, along with the 1st, 5th, 8th and 10th Cavalry divisions of the Cavalry Corps (General Louis Conneau), the XIV and XX Corps were withdrawn from the First and the original Second Army to assemble south of Amiens, with a screen of the 81st, 82nd, 84th and 88th Territorial divisions, to protect French communications. The French advanced on 22 September, on a line from Lassigny northwards to Roye and

2460: 1879:. The city fell on 6 August but the forts were not captured and on 12 August, five German super-heavy 420 mm (17 in) howitzers and four batteries of Austrian 305 mm (12.0 in) howitzers, began systematically to bombard the Belgian defences, until the last fort fell on 16 August. On 18 August, the Germans began to advance along the Meuse River towards Namur and the Belgian field army began a withdrawal from its positions along the Gete, to the National Redoubt at Antwerp. On 20 August, the German 1st Army took 2374: 2686:) on the left as far as Ypres. French troops were to relieve the II Corps at Béthune to move north and link with the right of III Corps but this did not occur. On the northern flank of III Corps, in front of the Cavalry Corps, was a line of hills from Mont des Cats to Mt. Kemmel, about 400 ft (120 m) above sea level, with spurs running south across the British line of advance, occupied by the German IV Cavalry Corps with three divisions. On 12 October, the British cavalry advanced and captured the Mont des Cats. 3004: 2957: 139: 2642:(RFC) reconnaissance aircraft and made artillery observation impossible. The Lys was 45–60 ft (14–18 m) wide and 5 ft (1.5 m) deep and flanked by water meadows. The banks were cut by boggy streams and dykes, which kept the cavalry on the roads; German outposts were pushed back but dismounted cavalry attacks could not dislodge the German defenders and the cavalry in Warneton town were withdrawn during the night. The attack was resumed on 18 October, when the cavalry attacked from 166: 2134:

withdrawal was intended to make time for the 7th Army to be transferred from Alsace to the right-wing near the Oise but Franco-British attacks led to the 7th Army being sent to fill the gap between the 1st and 2nd armies instead. Moltke was replaced by Falkenhayn on 14 September, by when the 1st Army had reached the Aisne, with its right flank on the Oise and the 7th Army had assembled on the Aisne, between the 1st and 2nd armies. Further east the 3rd, 4th and 5th armies had dug in from

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cavalry to advance westwards to Abbeville on the Channel coast and cut the railways leading south. At the end of 6 October, Falkenhayn terminated attempts by the 2nd Army to break through in Picardy. To the north, the I and II Cavalry corps attacked between Lens and Lille and were quickly forced back behind the Lorette Spur. The next day, the cavalry was attacked by the first troops of the French XXI Corps to arrive as they advanced eastwards from Béthune.

1224: 1943: 1732: 1640: 2530:. On 18 October, the German XIII Corps arrived, reinforced the VII Corps and gradually forced the British II Corps to a halt. On 19 October, parties of British infantry and French cavalry captured the village of Le Pilly, which later was recaptured by the Germans. The fresh German 13th and 14th divisions arrived and counter-attacked the II Corps front. By 21 October, II Corps was ordered to dig in from the canal near Givenchy to 1423:(4–13 September) began next day, when the German 7th and 6th Armies attacked simultaneously at St. Dié and Nancy, as the Second Army sent reinforcements to the Third Army. Costly fighting continued until 12 September but the French were able to withdraw more than four corps to reinforce the armies on the left flank. On 13 September, Pont-à-Mousson and Lunéville were recaptured by the French and the advance continued close to the 1209:(western army). The main German force would still advance through Belgium and attack southwards into France, the French armies would be enveloped on the left and pressed back over the Meuse, Aisne, Somme, Oise, Marne and Seine, unable to withdraw into central France. Either the French would be annihilated or the manoeuvre from the north would create conditions for victory in the centre or in Lorraine on the common border. 4742: 1973:

Naval Division from 2 October, the Germans penetrated the outer ring of forts. When the German advance began to compress a corridor from the west of the city along the Dutch border to the coast, the Belgian field army withdrew from Antwerp westwards towards the coast. On 9 October, the remaining garrison surrendered and the Germans occupied the city. Some British and Belgian troops escaped to the

1389:, a delaying action against the German 1st Army, to protect the left flank of the French Fifth Army. The BEF was forced to retreat when the 1st Army began to overrun the British defences on the right flank and the Fifth Army retired from the area south of the Sambre, exposing the British right flank to envelopment. Namur capitulated on 25 August and a Belgian sortie from 2150:, to protect the right flank from a French offensive, while the 6th Army moved from Lorraine to the western flank, ready for a general offensive to begin progressively on 18 September from the 5th Army in the east, pinning French troops down westwards, until the 6th Army enveloped the French, beyond the right of the 1st Army. The plan was cancelled soon afterwards, when 2702:

invisible, dug earth having been scattered rather than used for a parapet, which would have been visible. III Corps was to attack the next German line of defence before German reinforcements could reach the scene. Rain and mist made air reconnaissance impossible on 14 October but patrols found that the Germans had fallen back beyond Bailleul and crossed the Lys.

3039:, against the British I Corps. The Germans took ground on the Menin road on 29 October and drove back the British cavalry next day, to a line 1.9 mi (3 km) from Ypres. Three French battalions were sent south and on 31 October, a British battalion counter-attacked and drove back the German troops from the Gheluvelt crossroads. 2395:, until the arrival of X Corps. By 1 October, two more French corps, three infantry and two cavalry divisions had been sent northwards to Amiens, Arras, Lens and Lille, which increased the Second Army to eight corps, along a front of 62 mi (100 km). Joffre ordered Castelnau to operate defensively, while Maud'huy and the 2143:, head of the Railway Department of the OHL, suggested three alternatives, a frontal attack from the new positions, a defence of the line of the Aisne while reserves were transferred to the right flank or to continue the withdrawal and comprehensively regroup the German armies, ready to conduct an offensive on the right flank. 1977:, where they were interned for the duration of the war. The Belgian withdrawal was protected by a French Marine brigade, Belgian cavalry and the British 7th Division around Ghent. On 15 October, the Belgian army occupied a defensive line along the Yser river in west Flanders, from Diksmuide to the coast. 2634:

river from Armentières to Comines and the Comines canal to Ypres. The BEF was ordered to make a general advance on 16 October, as the German forces were falling back. The cavalry was ordered to cross the Lys between Armentières and Menin as the III Corps advanced north-east to gain touch with the 7th

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advanced on Arras. On 28 September, Falkenhayn had ordered the 6th Army to conduct an offensive by the IV, Guard and I Bavarian corps near Arras and more offensives further north. Rupprecht intended to halt the French west of Arras and envelop them around the north side of the city. On 1 October, the

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Further east, the Third Army was forced back to the west of Verdun as German attacks were made on the Meuse Heights to the south-east but managed to maintain contact with Verdun and the Fourth Army to the west. German attacks against the Second Army south of Verdun from 5 September, almost forced the

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the 1st Army commander, ordered the II Corps to move back to the north bank of the Marne, which began a redeployment of all four 1st Army corps to the north bank by 8 September. The swift move to the north bank prevented the Sixth Army from crossing the Ourcq but created a gap between the 1st and 2nd

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Late on 4 September, Joffre ordered the Sixth Army to attack eastwards over the Ourcq towards Château Thierry as the BEF advanced towards Montmirail and the Fifth Army attacked northwards, with its right flank protected by the Ninth Army along the St. Gond marshes. The French First, Second, Third and

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but German attacks were suspended on 29 September. The retreat of Austro-Hungarian forces in Galicia ended and Maramaros-Sziget was captured by the Russian army; an Austro-Hungarian counter-offensive began on 4 October and Maramaros-Sziget was retaken. On 9 October, the First German Offensive against

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German strategy had given priority to offensive operations against France and a defensive posture against Russia since 1891. German planning was determined by numerical inferiority, the speed of mobilisation and concentration and the effect of the vast increase of the power of modern weapons. Frontal

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German attacks began on 18 October and on 22 October, German troops gained a foothold over the river at Tervaete. The French 42nd Division at Nieuwpoort was sent as reinforcements on 23 October, when the Belgians were pushed back between Diksmuide and Nieuwpoort. German heavy artillery was countered

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During the mobile operations of 1914, armies operating in hostile territory had relied on wireless communication to a far greater extent than anticipated, having expected to use telegraphs, telephones and dispatch riders. None of the armies had established cryptographic systems sufficient to prevent

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From 17 September to 17 October, the belligerents had made unsuccessful reciprocal attempts to turn the northern flank of their opponent. A German offensive began by 21 October but the 4th and 6th armies were only able to take small amounts of ground at great cost to both sides, at the Battle of the

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After the defeat on the Marne, Moltke ordered a retirement to the Aisne by the 1st and 2nd armies on the German right wing and a withdrawal to Reims and a line eastwards past the north of Verdun, by the 3rd, 4th and 5th armies. The 6th and 7th armies were ordered to end their attacks and dig in. The

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the 1st Army to the south-west with the IV Corps and the 4th and 7th cavalry divisions, against the attempted French envelopment. The attack was cancelled and the corps withdrew behind the right flank of the 1st Army. The 2nd and 9th cavalry divisions were sent next day but the French attack reached

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On 5 September, the Sixth Army advanced eastwards from Paris and met the German IV Reserve Corps, which had moved into the area that morning and stopped the French advance short of high ground north of Meaux. Overnight, the IV Reserve Corps withdrew to a better position 6.2 mi (10 km) east

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The French Fifth Army fell back about 6.2 mi (10 km) from the Sambre during the Battle of Charleroi (22 August) and began a greater withdrawal from the area south of the Sambre on 23 August. The BEF fought the Battle of Mons on 24 August, by when the French First and Second armies had been

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messages, which showed the disorganisation of the German command in mid-September and the gap between the 1st and 2nd armies on the eve of the Battle of the Marne. Similar plain language messages and the reading of crudely coded German messages, gave warnings to the British of the times, places and

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By 8 November, Falkenhayn concluded that the attempt to advance along the coast had failed and that taking Ypres was impossible. The French and Germans had not been able to assemble forces near the northern flank fast enough to obtain a decisive advantage. Where the opposing forces had attempted to

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By 6 October, the Second Army front from the Oise to the Somme and the Tenth Army front from Thiepval to Arras and Souchez had been stabilised. A German cavalry attack to the north of the 6th Army, pushed back the French Territorial divisions from Lens to Lille and on 5 October, Marwitz ordered the

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the French XXI and X Corps north of the Somme, with support on the right flank by the 81st, 82nd, 84th and 88th Territorial divisions and the 1st, 3rd, 5th and 10th Cavalry divisions of the French II Cavalry Corps, defended the approaches to Albert. On 28 September, the French were able to stop the

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Fort Walem was severely damaged and Fort Lier was hit by 16 in (410 mm) shells but Fort Koningshooikt, the Tallabert and Bosbeek redoubts were mostly intact; the intervening ground between Fort Sint-Katelijne-Waver and Dorpveld redoubt had been captured. Despite reinforcement by the Royal

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began and on 11 September, Austrian forces in Galicia retreated. The Battle of the Masurian Lakes ended on 15 September and Czernowitz in Bukovina was taken by the Russian army. On 17 September, Serbian forces in Syrmia were withdrawn and Semlin evacuated, as the Battle of the Drina ended. Next day

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By 4 September, the First and Second Armies had slowed the advance of the 7th and 6th armies west of St. Dié and east of Nancy, from where the Second Army had withdrawn its left flank, to face north between Nancy and Toul. A gap between the left of the Second Army and the right of the Third Army at

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succeeded Schlieffen in 1906 and was less certain that the French would conform to German assumptions. Moltke adapted the deployment and concentration plan, to accommodate an attack in the centre or an enveloping attack from both flanks as variants to the plan, by adding divisions to the left flank

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The French Second Army arrived from the eastern flank and took over command of the left-hand corps of the Sixth Army, as indications appeared that German troops were also being moved from the eastern flank. The German IX Reserve Corps arrived from Belgium by 15 September and next day attacked with

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the Belgian General Staff ordered the Third Division to Liège to obstruct a German advance. Covered by the Third Division, the Liège fortress garrison, a screen of the Cavalry Division and detachments from Liège and Namur, the rest of the Belgian field army closed up to the river Gete by 4 August,

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The front line was to be fortified to enable its defence with small numbers of troops indefinitely and the captured ground was to be recovered by counter-attacks. A second trench was to be dug behind the front line, to shelter the trench garrison and to have easy access to the front line, through

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On 21 September, Falkenhayn decided to concentrate the 6th Army near Amiens, to attack westwards to the coast and then envelop the French northern flank south of the Somme. The offensive by the French Second Army forced Falkenhayn to divert the XXI and I Bavarian Corps as soon as they arrived, to

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The French Sixth Army began to advance along the Oise, west of Compiègne on 17 September. French reconnaissance aircraft were grounded during bad weather and cavalry were exhausted, which deprived the French commanders of information. As news reached Joffre that two German corps were moving south

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French attempts to advance after the German retirement to the Aisne were frustrated after 14 September, when German troops were discovered to have stopped their retirement and dug in on the north bank of the Aisne. Joffre ordered attacks on the German 1st and 2nd armies but attempts by the Fifth,

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was fought, along a 22 mi (35 km) stretch of the Yser river and Yperlee Canal in Belgium. Falkenhayn created a new 4th Army to capture Dunkirk and Calais to inflict an "annihilating blow". The retreat of the Belgians to the Yser ended the "Race to the Sea", with the Belgians holding a

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advance, they had quickly been stopped and forced to improvise field defences, against which attacks were costly failures. By the end of the First Battle of Ypres both sides were exhausted, short of ammunition and suffering from collapses in morale and refusals of orders by some infantry units.

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On the right, French cavalry attempted to support the attack but without howitzers, could not advance in level terrain, dotted with cottages used as improvised strong points. The German defenders slipped away from defences in front of houses, hedges and walls, well-sighted to keep the soldiers

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crossed the Petit Morin, captured bridges over the Marne and established a bridgehead 5.0 mi (8 km) deep. The Fifth Army also advanced into the gap and by 8 September, had crossed the Petit Morin, which forced Bülow to withdraw the right flank of the 2nd Army. Next day the Fifth Army

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on 30 September and scouted the country in motor cars. An RNAS Armoured Car Section was created, by fitting vehicles with bullet-proof steel. On 2 October, the Marine Brigade was moved to Antwerp, followed by the rest of the Naval Division on 6 October, having landed at Dunkirk on the night of

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9.3 mi (15 km) front southwards from the coast and Belgian, French and British troops holding another 9.3 mi (15 km) beyond, the BEF holding 25 mi (40 km) and the Tenth Army holding another 16 mi (25 km) on the extreme right flank of the northern front.

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On 11 October, the British III Corps comprising the 4th and 6th divisions arrived by rail at St. Omer and Hazebrouck and then advanced behind the left flank of II Corps, towards Bailleul and Armentières. II Corps was to advance around the north of Lille and III Corps was to reach a line from

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on 1 October, forestalling the French. On 3 October, Rupprecht reinforced the 6th Army north of Arras and ordered the IV Cavalry Corps from Valenciennes to Lille. From 3 to 4 October, German attacks on Arras and the vicinity were costly failures. On 4 October, German troops entered Lens,

2794:) in the line, rather than a breakthrough. The building of the new defences took until the autumn of 1915 and confronted Franco-British offensives with an evolving system of field fortifications, which was able to absorb the increasing power and sophistication of breakthrough attempts. 1658:(17 August) caused a minor check to the Russian invasion of East Prussia and on 12 August, Britain and France declared war on Austria-Hungary, as Austrian forces crossed the Save and seized Shabatz. Next day, Austrian forces crossed the Drina and began the first invasion of Serbia. The 1452:

pushed back by attacks of the German 7th and 6th armies between St. Dié and Nancy, the Third Army held positions east of Verdun against attacks by the 5th Army, the Fourth Army held positions from the junction with the Third Army south of Montmédy, westwards to Sedan, Mezières and

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devised plans to evade the French frontier fortifications with an offensive on the flank, which would have a local numerical superiority and obtain rapidly a decisive victory. By 1906, such a manoeuvre was intended to pass through neutral Belgium and threaten Paris from the north.

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gates on the coast at Nieuwpoort were opened and flooded the area between the Yser and the railway embankment. On 30 October, a German attack crossed the embankment at Ramscapelle but was repulsed on the following evening; the inundations reduced the fighting to local operations.

2160:(OHL Operations Branch), reported from a tour of inspection at the front that the French were too exhausted to begin an offensive, that a final push would be decisive and that more withdrawals would compromise the morale of the German troops, after the defeat on the Marne. From 2138:

to Verdun, secure from frontal attacks. The 1st Army was still vulnerable on its northern flank, to attacks by French troops transferred from the south, which could be moved faster over undamaged railways, than German troops using lines damaged during the Great Retreat. General

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By 1 November, the BEF was close to exhaustion and the French XIV Corps was moved north from the Tenth Army and the French IX Corps attacked southwards towards Becelaere, which relieved the pressure on the British flanks. German attacks began to diminish on 3 November, by when

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on the coast by Allied ships under British command, which forced Germans to attack further inland. On 24 October, fifteen German attacks crossed the Yser for 3.1 mi (5 km) and the French sent the rest of the 42nd Division. By 26 October, the Belgian Commander General

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to the north on 26 September. The offensive capacity of the Second Army was exhausted and defensive positions were occupied, while Joffre sent four more corps to reinforce. Over the next week, the northern flank of the Second Army moved further north and on 29 September, a

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covering central and western Belgium and the communications towards Antwerp. The German invasion began on 4 August, when an advanced force of six German brigades from the 1st, 2nd and 3rd Armies, crossed the German-Belgian border. Belgian resistance and German fear of

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Antwerp was invested to the south and east by German forces after 20 August, while the main German armies chased the French and British over the border southwards to the Marne. Belgian forces in Antwerp tried to assist the French and British with sorties on

1304:. An offensive by French Third and Fourth Armies through the Ardennes began on 20 August, in support of the French invasion of Lorraine. The opposing armies met in thick fog and the French mistook the German troops for screening forces. On 22 August, the 1139:

was to be held back west of Verdun, ready to move east to attack the southern flank of a German invasion through Belgium or southwards against the northern flank of an attack through Lorraine. No formal provision was made for combined operations with the

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was bombarded by a German cruiser on 2 August and on 5 August, Montenegro declared war on Austria-Hungary. On 6 August, Austria-Hungary declared war on Russia and Serbia declared war on Germany; war began between Montenegro and Germany on 8 August. The

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surrendered. The Belgian government withdrew from Brussels on 18 August and the German army attacked the Belgian field army at the Battle of the Gete. Next day the Belgian army began to retire towards Antwerp, which left the route to Namur open;

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north of Paris. French garrisons were besieged at Strasbourg, Metz, Thionville, Longwy, Montmédy and Maubeuge. The Belgian army was invested at Antwerp in the National Redoubt and at Liège, fortress troops continued the defence of the forts.

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The main attack on 10 November was made by the 4th Army between Langemarck and Diksmuide, in which Diksmuide was lost by the Franco-Belgian garrison. Next day, the British were subjected to an unprecedented bombardment between Messines and

2342:. The German II Cavalry Corps was stopped near Arras by the French cavalry. On 29 September, Joffre added X Corps, 12 mi (20 km) north of Amiens, to the French II Cavalry Corps south-east of Arras and a provisional corps (General 1464:

into a gap between the Fourth and Fifth Armies and the 2nd Army pressed forward into the angle between the Meuse and Sambre directly against the Fifth Army. On the far west flank of the French, the BEF prolonged the line from Maubeuge to

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began with French attacks, which were costly to both sides and forced the French into a disorderly retreat late on 23 August. The Third Army recoiled towards Verdun, pursued by the 5th Army and the Fourth Army retreated to Sedan and

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recrossed the Marne and the German 1st and 2nd armies began to retire as the French Ninth, Fourth and Third Armies fought defensive battles against the 3rd Army which then had to retreat with the 1st and 2nd armies on 9 September.

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counter-attacked on 20 August and the Second Army was forced back from Morhange and the First Army was repulsed at Sarrebourg. The German armies crossed the border and advanced on Nancy but were stopped to the east of the city.

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with nine divisions and two cavalry divisions. By 10 September, twenty divisions and three cavalry divisions had been moved west from the German border to the French centre and left and the balance of force between the German

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between Verdun and Toul and repulse an enveloping attack on the defences south of Nancy from the north. The 6th and 7th armies were reinforced by heavy artillery from Metz and attacked again on 4 September along the Moselle.

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unopposed and the Belgian field army reached Antwerp, with little interference from German advanced parties, except for an engagement between the 1st Division and the German IX Corps near Tienen, in which the Belgians had

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In October 1914, French and British artillery commanders met to discuss means for supporting infantry attacks, the British practice being to keep the artillery silent until targets were identified and the French firing a

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salient. The main German effort remained on the western flank, which the French discovered by intercepting wireless messages. By 28 September, the Aisne front had stabilised and the BEF began to withdraw on the night of

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On 17 September, the French Sixth Army attacked from Soissons to Noyon, with the XIII and IV corps, supported by the 61st and 62nd divisions of the 6th Group of Reserve Divisions, after which the fighting moved north to

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was fought by German and Belgian cavalry and infantry and was a Belgian defensive success. The BEF completed its move of four divisions and a cavalry division to France on 16 August, as the last Belgian fort of the

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on the road from Cassel to Bailleul. The 3rd Cavalry Brigade attacked Mont des Cats and occupied Mt. Noir, 1.9 mi (3 km) north of Bailleul. On 14 October, the cavalry advanced north-eastwards, occupied

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During the Allied retreat from Antwerp, the British IV Corps moved north of Ypres on 14 October, where I Corps arrived on 19 October, with cavalry covering a gap to the south of the town. The Battle of the Yser

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Joffre ordered outflanking manoeuvres but the advance was too slow to catch the Germans, who on 14 September, began to dig in on high ground on the north bank of the Aisne, which reduced the French advance from

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1915, to govern defensive battle on the Western Front, in which the existing front line was to be fortified and to be held indefinitely with small numbers of troops, to enable more divisions to be sent to the

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a limited German offensive in the Vosges, the Germans managed a small advance, before a French counter-attack retook the ground. By 20 August, a German counter-offensive in Lorraine had begun and the German

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covered communication trenches. Should counter-attacks fail to recover the front trench, a rearward line was to be connected to the remaining parts of the front line, limiting the loss of ground to a bend (

2304:; German cavalry moved north to enable the II Bavarian Corps to occupy the ground north of the Somme. On 27 September, the German II Cavalry Corps drove back the 61st and 62nd Reserve divisions (General 2265:

and St. Quentin. On 24 September, the French were attacked by the XVIII Corps as it arrived from Reims, which forced back the French IV Corps at Roye on the right flank. To the north, the French reached

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were captured and on 5 September the BEF ended its retreat from Mons, German troops reached Claye, 6.2 mi (10 km) from Paris, Reims was captured, German forces withdrew from Lille and the

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to attack with the intention of weakening the French and preventing troops from being moved westwards. The 6th Army began to move to the western flank on 17 September, ready for a decisive battle (

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The I Cavalry Corps with the Guard and 4th Cavalry divisions, II Cavalry Corps with the 2nd, 7th and 9th Cavalry divisions and the IV Cavalry Corps of the 3rd, 6th and Bavarian Cavalry divisions.

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Writers and historians have criticised the term Race to the Sea and used several date ranges for the period of mutual attempts to outflank the opposing armies, on their northern flanks. In 1925,

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As the situation on the eastern front deteriorated in September, the new German high command under General Falkenhayn attempted to retrieve the situation in France and inflict a decisive defeat.

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extend the front northwards from Chaulnes to Péronne on 24 September and drive the French back over the Somme. On 26 September, the French Second Army dug in on a line from Lassigny to Roye and

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which led Joffre to begin the transfer of the Second Army west to the left flank of the Sixth Army, the first phase of the operations to outflank the German armies, which from 17 September to

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a Franco-British counter-offensive. The term describes reciprocal attempts by the Franco-British and German armies to envelop the northern flank of the opposing army through the provinces of

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and at Namur on 21 August. The 3rd Army crossed the Meuse and attacked the French right flank and on 23 August, the Fifth Army began a retirement southwards to avoid encirclement. After the

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and the next day the III Corps occupied Armentières. On 18 October, the III Corps was ordered to join an offensive by the BEF and the French army, by attacking down the Lys valley. Part of

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and on the right flank of the French further south, the Territorial divisions were separated from X Corps, prompting Castelnau and Maud'huy to recommend a retreat. Joffre made Maud'huy's

1864:(frightfulness) against Belgian civilians soon after the invasion, in which massacres, executions, hostage taking and the burning of towns and villages took place and became known as the 1167:

attacks were expected to be costly and protracted, leading to limited success, particularly after the French and Russians modernised their fortifications on the frontiers with Germany.

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to Tenbrielen but made no progress against a strong and well-organised German defence, ending the day opposite Deûlémont in the south to the railway at Tenbrielen to the north. From

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Under Plan XVII the French peacetime army was to form five field armies, with groups of Reserve divisions attached and a group of reserve divisions was to assemble on each flank,

2436:

independent as the Tenth Army and told Castelnau to keep the Second Army in position because the increasing number of troops arriving further north would divert German pressure.

6296: 2497:, with flanking units on the right, 2.2 mi (3.5 km) south of Béthune and on the left 2.8 mi (4.5 km) to the west. On 12 October, II Corps attacked to reach 6480: 6923: 973:

from 19 October to 22 November. After mid-November, local operations were carried out by both sides and preparations were made to take the offensive in the spring of 1915.

6933: 3025:(Thourout), which diverted German troops from British and Belgian positions. A new German attack was planned where the 4th and 6th armies would pin down Allied troops and 3013:

The First Battle of Ypres (part of the First Battle of Flanders) began on 19 October, with attacks by the German 6th and 4th armies, as the BEF attacked towards Menin and

2001:

Joffre used the railways which had transported French troops to the German frontier to move troops back from Lorraine and Alsace to form a new Sixth Army under General

1698:

Shabatz was retaken by Serbian forces and the last Austrian troops retired across the Drina, ending the First Austrian Invasion of Serbia. The First Battle of Lemberg

2070:

On 10 September, the French armies and the BEF advanced to exploit the victory of the Marne and the armies on the left flank advanced, opposed only by rearguards. On

6378: 3074:, which broke into British positions along the Menin road, before being forced back by counter-attacks. From mid-October to early November, the German 4th Army lost 6015: 5186: 6457: 4415:

Der Weltkrieg 1914 bis 1918: Militärischen Operationen zu Lande, Fünfte Band, Der Herbst-Feldzug 1914: Im Osten bis zum Rückzug, Im Westen bis zum Stellungskrieg

6485: 4999: 2869:

eavesdropping and all of the armies sent messages containing vital information in plain language. From September–November, the British and French intercepted

6673: 6400: 6092: 5057: 2630:

and German outposts west of the Ypres–Comines canal were pushed back to the far side. By 16 October, the Cavalry Corps and the 3rd Cavalry Division held the

1586:

held a line from Mailly against the 3rd Army, which had advanced from Mézières, over the Vesle and the Marne west of Châlons. The 2nd Army had advanced from

1245:) was the first French offensive against Germany. The French captured Mulhouse until forced out by a German counter-attack on 11 August and fell back toward 744: 234: 2709:–Dranoutre, after a slow advance against German rearguards, in poor visibility and close country. III Corps closed up to the river at Sailly, Bac St. Maur, 1427:

river, where the front stabilised. The battles kept a large number of German troops in Lorraine, as the Great Retreat further west culminated on the Marne.

6780: 3021:

the Germans attacked on the Yser with the 4th Army and with the 6th Army to the south. French attacks by a new Eighth Army were made towards Roeselare and

2481:

but the French cavalry stopped the Germans north of La Bassée Canal. The German 4th Cavalry Corps passed through Ypres on 7 October and was forced back to

2079:

to a few local gains. French troops had begun to move westwards on 2 September, over undamaged railways which could move a corps to the left flank in from

6688: 6443: 4420:

The World War 1914–1918: Military Land Operations, Volume Five, The Autumn Campaign In the East and in the West, until the Withdrawal to Position Warfare

2325:

The German II Bavarian and XIV Reserve corps pushed back a French Territorial division from Bapaume and advanced towards Bray-sur-Somme and Albert. From

1964:

On 28 September, German heavy and super-heavy artillery began to bombard Belgian fortifications around Antwerp. On 1 October, the Germans attacked forts

3155:

In 2010 Sheldon placed the beginning of the "erroneously named" race from the end of the Battle of the Marne to the beginning of the Battle of the Yser.

6683: 6373: 6324: 6239: 2514:

From 14 to 15 October, II Corps attacked eastwards up La Bassée Canal and managed short advances on the flanks, with help from French cavalry but lost

1602:. The Fifth Army and the BEF had withdrawn south of the Oise, Serre, Aisne and Ourq, pursued by the 2nd Army on a line from Guise to Laon, Vailly and 1336:

was occupied by the Germans on 7 August, the first units of the BEF landed in France and French troops crossed the German frontier. On 12 August, the

6527: 1518:

to Mont Dorigny and west of the river from Mont Dorigny to Moy towards St. Quentin on the Somme, while the British held the line of the Oise west of

471: 227: 2769:

and further south at Ypres. Falkenhayn then attempted to achieve a limited goal of capturing Ypres and Mount Kemmel, in the First Battle of Ypres

6368: 5733: 533: 2733:

to Pont Rouge, west of Lille. The encounter battle ended and subsequent operations in the Battle of Armentières took place after the end of the

2104:, the German armies attacked from Verdun west to Reims and the Aisne on 20 September, cut the main railway from Verdun to Paris and created the 1111:

was anticipated; the plan was an evolution from Plan XVI and made more provision for the possibility of a German offensive through Belgium. The

2717:, linking with the cavalry at Romarin. On 16 October, the British secured the Lys crossings and late in the afternoon, German attacks began at 5164: 5226: 4496:. History of the Great War Based on Official Documents by Direction of the Historical Section of the Committee of Imperial Defence. London: 6428: 6358: 5997: 5216: 5127: 1350:

and Namur were besieged on 20 August. Further west the Fifth Army had concentrated on the Sambre by 20 August, facing north either side of

2526:

against German opposition at every ditch and bridge. A foothold was established on Aubers Ridge on 17 October and French cavalry captured

2489:

the British II Corps arrived by rail at Abbeville and advanced on Béthune. By the end of 11 October, II Corps held a line from Béthune to

2146:

On 15 September, Falkenhayn wanted to continue the withdrawal and ordered the 1st Army to fall back and dig in from Artems to La Fère and

6452: 5350: 4804: 171: 2689:

On 13 October, III Corps found German troops dug in along the Meterenbecque. A corps attack from La Couronne to Fontaine Houck began at

2473:. On 9 October, the German XIV Corps arrived opposite the French and the German 1st and 2nd Cavalry corps tried a flanking move between 1233:

The Battle of the Frontiers is a general name for all of the operations of the French armies until the Battle of the Marne. A series of

1039:. New defences were to be built behind the front line to contain a breakthrough until the position was restored by counter-attacks. The 5027: 87: 5357: 1141: 737: 454: 965:

After the opposing forces had reached the North Sea, both tried to conduct offensives leading to the mutually costly and indecisive

5009: 2469:

The German 6th Army took Lille before a British force could secure the town and the 4th Army attacked the exposed British flank at

6678: 2657:

The encounter battle ended and subsequent operations in the Battle of Messines took place after the end of the "Race to the Sea".

6610: 6448: 6435: 6392: 6301: 6027: 5836: 5743: 5645: 5403: 5050: 1237:

began between the German, French and Belgian armies, on the German-French frontier and in southern Belgium on 4 August 1914. The

6802: 6792: 6660: 2725:

ridge was captured but much stronger German defences were encountered and the infantry were ordered to dig in. On the night of

1510:

was occupied on 27 August and a French counter-offensive began at the Battle of St. Quentin (also known as the Battle of Guise

2754: 2178:) but French attacks on 18 September, led Falkenhayn to order the 6th Army to operate defensively to secure the German flank. 1456:, facing the 4th Army and the Fifth Army was between Fumay and Maubeuge, with the 3rd Army advancing up the Meuse valley from 6574: 6508: 6345: 6224: 5897: 4923: 4779: 4668: 4614: 4595: 4576: 4554: 4480: 4402: 4383: 4364: 4299: 4277: 4258: 1107:

A German attack from south-eastern Belgium towards Mézières and a possible offensive from Lorraine towards Verdun, Nancy and

1843:

On 2 August 1914, the Belgian government refused the passage of German troops through Belgium to France and on the night of

6908: 6749: 6169: 4961: 2683: 730: 2611:(Wijtschate), linking with the 3rd Cavalry Division of IV Corps, which had been operating in Belgium since early October. 2550:

arrived and the British repulsed German attacks until early November, when both sides concentrated their resources on the

1793:

was isolated by Russian forces, beginning the First Siege as Russian forces conducted the First Invasion of North Hungary

6520: 5479: 4984: 2318:

began to assemble at Arras and Maud'huy found that instead of making another attempt to get around the German flank, the

2060: 6734: 4636:

Military Operations France and Belgium 1914: Mons, the Retreat to the Seine, the Marne and the Aisne August–October 1914

4311:

Military Operations France and Belgium 1914: Mons, the Retreat to the Seine, the Marne and the Aisne August–October 1914

1301: 6719: 6009: 5418: 5176: 4329:

Military Operations France and Belgium, 1914: Antwerp, La Bassée, Armentières, Messines and Ypres October–November 1914

1894:

small detachments of the Belgian, French and British armies conducted operations in Belgium against German cavalry and

1750: 1649:

Austria-Hungary had declared war on Serbia on 28 July and on 1 August, military operations began on the Polish border.

1005:(strategy of exhaustion), to enable Germany to concentrate its resources decisively to defeat the remaining opponents. 828: 319: 6594: 6288: 6104: 5383: 4854: 1824: 272: 5846: 5781: 4819: 4746: 2312:), to clear the front for the XIV Reserve Corps and link with the right flank of the II Bavarian Corps. The French 2250: 2243: 1871:

On 5 August, the advanced German forces tried to capture Liège and the forts of the Fortified Position of Liège by

688: 818: 6845: 6650: 6630: 6417: 6353: 6176: 6045: 4956: 4876: 4814: 2877:

strengths of eight attacks by four German corps or more, during the Race to the Sea and the battles in Flanders.

2705:

Allied forces completed a continuous line to the North Sea when British cavalry and infantry reached a line from

823: 390: 5517: 1022:(trench cleaners), to capture by-passed strong points were promulgated. Artillery observation from aircraft and 6943: 6645: 6640: 6635: 6625: 6319: 4971: 4946: 4844: 1192: 207: 1342: 999:(strategy of annihilation) and attempted to create the conditions for peace with one of Germany's enemies, by 51: 6620: 6615: 6579: 6513: 6405: 6251: 5841: 5693: 5231: 5159: 5090: 4859: 4829: 4824: 2671: 1377:

from the east and the north. Before the Fifth Army could attack over the Sambre the 2nd Army attacked at the

412: 20: 1756:

began and on 8 September, the Austro-Hungarian army commenced the Second Invasion of Serbia, leading to the

1441: 336: 6948: 6569: 6196: 6136: 6033: 5938: 5708: 5494: 5198: 5037: 4936: 1382: 1284:

To the south the French retook Mulhouse on 19 August and then withdrew. On 24 August, at the Battle of the

511: 341: 1023: 6807: 6244: 6229: 6087: 6039: 5811: 5362: 5236: 5149: 5144: 4913: 4901: 4896: 2498: 1390: 1355: 1036: 990: 711: 683: 663: 496: 251: 39: 5423: 4395:

German Strategy and the Path to Verdun: Erich Von Falkenhayn and the Development of Attrition, 1870–1916

1703: 1420: 1045:

began the huge task of building field fortifications, which were not complete until the autumn of 1915.

353: 6913: 6787: 6744: 6021: 5786: 5771: 5673: 5542: 5110: 5022: 4979: 4442: 3127:, described the progress of German outflanking attempts without labelling them. In 2001, Strachan used 658: 648: 626: 560: 476: 466: 439: 267: 2270:

and formed a bridgehead on the east bank of the Somme, only for the German XIV Reserve Corps to reach

783: 6729: 6497: 6081: 6069: 5831: 5816: 5537: 5428: 5122: 5100: 4849: 4839: 4772: 3071: 2563: 2055: 1986: 1543: 1490:

was fought by the BEF and the 1st Army. Longwy was surrendered by its garrison and next day, British

920: 913: 803: 706: 678: 633: 616: 572: 486: 407: 363: 358: 5683: 2590:

then advanced eastwards towards Lille. The British cavalry advanced and found the Germans dug in on

2219: 6938: 6903: 6704: 6191: 6181: 6110: 6063: 6051: 5991: 5806: 5801: 5723: 5132: 5105: 4809: 2505:, 3.7 mi (6 km) north of La Bassée Canal. The German I and II Cavalry corps and attached 2235: 1902:. On 27 August, a squadron of the RNAS had flown to Ostend, for air reconnaissance sorties between 1470: 1374: 1370: 1297: 1293: 1277: 1273: 1104:

and assumed that plans to besiege Belgian forts were a defensive measure against the Belgian army.

673: 611: 587: 491: 417: 2666: 2024:

and French air reconnaissance observed German forces moving north to face the Sixth Army. General

1968:

and Walem and the Bosbeek and Dorpveld redoubts, held by the 5th Reserve and Marine divisions. By

1655: 798: 6918: 6775: 6767: 6709: 6469: 6164: 5927: 5761: 5756: 5688: 5547: 5532: 5527: 5507: 5388: 5265: 4413: 3067: 2294: 2214: 1828: 1495: 1218: 1027: 947: 893: 778: 768: 638: 599: 577: 427: 368: 294: 5728: 1579: 1108: 1089: 6542: 6266: 6201: 6057: 5791: 5718: 5668: 5653: 5635: 5608: 5522: 5489: 5154: 5115: 5095: 4906: 4799: 4422:]. Vol. V (online scan ed.). Berlin: Verlag Ernst Siegfried Mittler & Sohn. 2368: 2002: 1550:

began, marking the end of the Great Retreat of the western flank of the Franco-British armies.

1399:

After the French defeat during the Battle of Lorraine, the French Second Army retreated to the

1305: 1145: 788: 653: 621: 582: 550: 481: 449: 422: 395: 304: 4448:

The War in the Air: Being the Story of the Part played in the Great War by the Royal Air Force

2454: 1833: 1385:, the French withdrawal continued. On 22 August, the BEF advanced and on 23 August fought the 793: 432: 6532: 6186: 6075: 5851: 5821: 5751: 5698: 5620: 5588: 5562: 5512: 5443: 5345: 5298: 5082: 4951: 4834: 2998: 2551: 2543: 2490: 2419: 2285:) was formed, to control the northern corps of the Second Army as they assembled near Arras. 2254: 1181: 1168: 984: 970: 813: 668: 643: 501: 383: 287: 157: 6882: 6797: 5484: 5458: 5408: 4765: 3098: 2415: 2282: 1965: 1710: 1677: 1416: 1175: 1136: 1116: 1013: 978: 974: 555: 212: 5433: 2258: 1790: 1691: 1567: 8: 6864: 6003: 5867: 5826: 5703: 5663: 5658: 5603: 5286: 5280: 5181: 4679: 4634: 4327: 3164:

German armies are rendered in numerals: 7th Army and French armies in words: Second Army.

3017:(Roulers). On 21 October, the 4th Army was repulsed in mutually costly fighting and from 2981: 2730: 2427: 2351: 2347: 2164:

Falkenhayn ordered the 1st, 2nd and 7th armies, temporarily under the command of General

2147: 2025: 1769: 1667: 1619: 1583: 1559: 1487: 1378: 1124: 1120: 1112: 565: 521: 516: 331: 309: 199: 6817: 4752: 3121:. In 1929, Hermann Mertz von Quirnheim, the fifth volume of the German official history 1897: 989:

OHL) since 14 September, concluded that a decisive victory could not be achieved on the

6824: 6739: 6098: 5962: 5944: 5909: 5873: 5713: 5678: 5630: 5615: 5502: 5453: 5292: 5251: 4931: 4706:

Statistics of the Military Effort of the British Empire During the Great War, 1914–1920

4522:

Statistics of the Military Effort of the British Empire During the Great War, 1914–1920

2951: 2639: 1563: 1555: 1250: 1238: 1234: 1123:

Armies were to concentrate between Épinal and Verdun opposite Alsace and Lorraine, the

966: 955: 808: 538: 378: 299: 2977: 2426:

but were eventually repulsed by X Corps. By 4 October, German troops had also reached

2192: 277: 6857: 6851: 6812: 6714: 6547: 6130: 5985: 5968: 5776: 5598: 5578: 5413: 5398: 5328: 5316: 5017: 4994: 4941: 4714: 4704: 4685: 4664: 4640: 4610: 4591: 4572: 4550: 4526: 4520: 4501: 4491: 4476: 4452: 4423: 4398: 4379: 4360: 4333: 4314: 4295: 4287: 4273: 4254: 4237: 4213: 4207: 2343: 2309: 1935:. Naval forces collected at Dover were formed into a separate unit, which became the 1789:

On 21 September, Jaroslaw in Galicia was taken by the Russian army. On 24 September,

1684: 1615: 1607: 1477: 1008:

Over the winter lull, the French army established the theoretical basis of offensive

951: 604: 545: 348: 4446: 2626:(Menen), where German troops had arrived during the night. A foothold was gained at 2511:

tried to delay the advance but the British repulsed a counter-attack near Givenchy.

2459: 2305: 2267: 2165: 1570:

and then across the river to Sompons, against the 4th Army, which had advanced from

1404: 1400: 1269: 5915: 5885: 5879: 5796: 5625: 5593: 5583: 5322: 5246: 5241: 5169: 4989: 4889: 4359:. History of the Royal Regiment of Artillery. London: Royal Artillery Institution. 3102: 2331: 2101: 1424: 1337: 1285: 1093: 959: 938:, rather than an attempt to advance northwards to the sea. The "race" ended on the 773: 506: 282: 2010:

and the Third, Fourth, Ninth, Fifth armies, the BEF and Sixth Army had changed to

1514:

On 29 August the Fifth Army counter-attacked the 2nd Army south of the Oise, from

6724: 6564: 5903: 5463: 5137: 5045: 4884: 4451:. Vol. I (repr. Hamish Hamilton, London ed.). Oxford: Clarendon Press. 4378:. Publications of the Army Records Society. Vol. VIII. Stroud: Alan Sutton. 4352: 2392: 2373: 2140: 1865: 1859: 1757: 1268:) advances by the First Army on Sarrebourg and the Second Army towards Morhange. 1161: 1132: 1012:, originating many of the methods which became standard for the rest of the war. 889: 865: 852: 701: 43: 3003: 2956: 2046:

moved the opposing armies through Picardy and Flanders, to the North Sea coast.

1359: 1272:

near Morhange was captured on 17 August and Sarrebourg the next day. The German

1148:

the French had been told that six divisions could be expected to operate around

6557: 6537: 6208: 5921: 5766: 5557: 5448: 5304: 5208: 5191: 2710: 2643: 2482: 2423: 2301: 2157: 2065:

Opposing positions: 5 September (dashed red line) 13 September (solid red line)

1851: 1742: 1386: 1009: 873: 444: 314: 2478: 6897: 6668: 5956: 5950: 5393: 5310: 5221: 4718: 4564: 4530: 4456: 4427: 4337: 4217: 2619: 2591: 1723: 1659: 1491: 1436: 1363: 1316:. Mulhouse was recaptured again by German forces and the Battle of the Meuse 1172: 1081: 905: 326: 203: 186: 102: 89: 4644: 4505: 4318: 2885:

By the end of the battles at Ypres, German army casualties in the west were

2722: 1991: 1890:

While the BEF and the French armies conducted the Great Retreat into France

1323: 946:

to the North Sea was occupied by Belgian troops who had retreated after the

19:

This article is about World War I. For the American Civil War campaign, see

6118: 5552: 4689: 4241: 2618:

was captured by French cavalry but the Germans prevented an advance beyond

2547: 2535: 1936: 1919: 1874: 1587: 1466: 2759:

German and Allied operations, Artois and Flanders, September–November 1914

2474: 1611: 1412: 6329: 6234: 5932: 5367: 4788: 1974: 1527: 2384: 1128: 2706: 2608: 2604: 2583: 2579: 2262: 1408: 1261: 2694: 2693:

in wet and misty weather and by evening had captured Outtersteene and

2682:

Armentières to Wytschaete, with the Cavalry Corps (Lieutenant-General

2568: 2522:

the corps attacks pivoted on the right and the left flank advanced to

1650: 1599: 1519: 6124: 5891: 3321: 3054: 3036: 3014: 2718: 2600: 2531: 2527: 2502: 2114: 2105: 2097: 1942: 1932: 1918:

and on 28 September occupied Lille. The rest of the brigade occupied

1351: 1223: 1064: 943: 939: 4376:

The British Army and Signals Intelligence During the First World War

3057:(Langemark) and Messines but was forestalled by German attacks from 2595: 2402:

French attacked to the south-east, expecting only a cavalry screen.

2015:

Fourth armies to the east, were to resist the attacks of the German

1731: 1639: 1598:

to Montmort, north of the junction of the Ninth and Fifth Armies at

1476:

On 26 August, German forces captured Valenciennes and conducted the

1077: 6384: 2980:, had decided to retreat but French objections and orders from the 2627: 2615: 2494: 2388: 2339: 2335: 2231: 2085: 1880: 1781: 1627: 1539: 1257: 1212: 1149: 1097: 1076:

The armies were to concentrate opposite the German frontier around

993:

and that it was equally unlikely in the east. Falkenhayn abandoned

935: 2992: 2261:

to Lassigny and Roye, which menaced German communications through

1717: 1333: 1144:(BEF) but joint arrangements had been made and in 1911 during the 722: 4663:(repr. Naval & Military Press ed.). London: Hutchinson. 3022: 2660: 2607:

against slight opposition, then reached a line from Dranoutre to

2542:

and Riez, while offensive operations continued to the north. The

2539: 2411: 2271: 2135: 2089: 1911: 1741:

On 3 September, Lemberg was captured by the Russian army and the

1603: 1575: 1535: 1515: 1246: 942:

coast of Belgium around 19 October, when the last open area from

927: 144: 81: 4292:

Pyrrhic victory: French Strategy and Operations in the Great War

4212:(English ed.). Clermont-Ferrand: Michelin & Cie. 1919. 3210: 2422:. German attacks were made from the north of Arras to reach the 1676:

On 21 August, Austro-Hungarian forces withdrew from Serbia. The

219: 6929:

Military operations of World War I involving the United Kingdom

4741: 3452: 3450: 3365: 3363: 3350: 3348: 2985: 2945: 2714: 2523: 2448: 1903: 1786:, Commander-in-Chief of German Armies in the Eastern Theatre). 1595: 1571: 1531: 1499: 1483: 1457: 1347: 1313: 1085: 931: 909: 846: 77: 4757: 4569:

The Smoke and the Fire: Myths and Anti-Myths of War, 1861–1945

3479: 3387: 2557: 1939:, to operate in the Channel and off the French-Belgian coast. 6552: 3949: 3947: 3778: 3776: 3616: 3614: 2623: 2470: 2406: 2049: 1907: 1818: 1775:

Oberbefehlshaber der gesamten Deutschen Streitkräfte im Osten

1623: 1591: 1507: 1503: 1461: 1453: 1430: 1101: 1016:, in which dispersed formations of infantry were followed by 3964: 3962: 3447: 3360: 3345: 1980: 4710: 4497: 4172: 4160: 4148: 3991: 3989: 3934: 3932: 3854: 3626: 3309: 3297: 2631: 1523: 1030:

from 9 May to 18 June 1915. Falkenhayn issued memoranda on

56:

Franco-German flanking moves, 15 September – 8 October 1914

4001: 3944: 3842: 3820: 3818: 3788: 3773: 3727: 3725: 3698: 3686: 3611: 3599: 3587: 3563: 3551: 3539: 3423: 3333: 3263: 3261: 3222: 2676:

Locations of the Allied and German armies, 19 October 1914

2100:

and Noyon, before being contained on 18 September. In the

1228:

France, Germany, Luxembourg and Belgium, 1914 (expandable)

4437:– via Die Digitale Landesbibliothek Oberösterreich. 4100: 4064: 4054: 4052: 3959: 3871: 3869: 3761: 3737: 3198: 1446:

German and Allied positions, 23 August – 5 September 1914

4590:(Westholme ed.). New York: Longmans, Green and Co. 4088: 4013: 3986: 3929: 3917: 3905: 3893: 3881: 3805: 3803: 3674: 3650: 3638: 3527: 3435: 3186: 2383:

On 1 October, the French at Arras were pushed back from

2203: 1931:

the 7th Division and the 3rd Cavalry Division landed at

1622:, linked with the left of the BEF, west of the Marne at 1558:

against the 5th Army advance, west of the Meuse between

16:

Period early in the First World War on the Western Front

4571:(Leo Cooper ed.). London: Sidgwick & Jackson. 4112: 3815: 3722: 3503: 3285: 3258: 1728:

ran aground and was intercepted by a Russian squadron.

4049: 4037: 3974: 3866: 3830: 3662: 3575: 3491: 3469: 3467: 3465: 3053:

A French offensive was planned for 6 November towards

1590:

on the Serre, across the Aisne and the Vesle, between

4136: 4076: 3800: 3749: 3515: 2362: 2208: 6924:

Military operations of World War I involving Germany

4681:

The March on Paris and the Battle of the Marne, 1914

4609:(Greenwood Press, NY ed.). Connecticut: Faber. 4184: 4124: 4025: 3246: 3234: 2932:

per cent of the Belgian army had become casualties.

2346:), which had a Reserve division in Arras and one in 2288: 1562:

and St. Ménéhould. The Fourth Army had withdrawn to

6934:

Military operations of World War I involving France

4607:

If Germany Attacks: The Battle in Depth in the West

4411: 3710: 3462: 3411: 3399: 3273: 3216: 2913:by the end of the year. In 2001, Strachan recorded 2443: 1300:advanced through the Ardennes on 19 August towards 4475:(1st ed.). Barnsley: Pen and Sword Military. 3375: 2224:Initial moves, Franco-German Race to the Sea, 1914 1554:Verdun, which faced north-west, on a line towards 4412:Mertz von Quirnheim, Hermann Ritter, ed. (1929). 6895: 3151:and Foley from 17 September to a period between 1530:were captured by German troops on 30 August and 1213:Battle of the Frontiers, 7 August – 13 September 162: 5734:Armistice between Russia and the Central Powers 3035:guns, attacked north-west between Messines and 2993:First Battle of Ypres, 19 October – 22 November 2257:), the Germans were pushed back to a line from 1716:began in Poland. A naval action took place off 1320:caused a temporary halt of the German advance. 2984:led to a withdrawal being cancelled. Next day 2661:Battle of Armentières, 13 October – 2 November 1486:(Louvain) was sacked by German troops and the 1403:heights near Nancy and dug in, on an arc from 4773: 4489: 3485: 3456: 3429: 3393: 3369: 3354: 3339: 2357: 1506:and Mezières were occupied by German troops. 738: 235: 3122: 3044: 3026: 2946:Battle of the Yser, 18 October – 30 November 2789: 2779: 2506: 2449:Battle of La Bassée, 10 October – 2 November 2431: 2396: 2313: 2276: 2173: 2151: 1895: 1872: 1857: 1849: 1779: 1773: 1721: 1369:The Fifth Army was confronted by the German 1204: 1179: 1040: 1017: 1000: 994: 982: 6217: 4490:Skinner, H. T.; Stacke, H. Fitz M. (1922). 4209:Arras, Lens–Douai and the Battles of Artois 2940: 2921:casualties since the beginning of the war, 2558:Battle of Messines, 12 October – 2 November 2234:around the German flank but met the German 1856:, led the Germans to implement a policy of 4780: 4766: 4519: 4070: 2050:First Battle of the Aisne, 13–28 September 1819:Operations in Belgium, August–October 1914 1431:The Great Retreat, 24 August – 5 September 1358:. On the left, the Cavalry Corps (General 1328:Battle of the Frontiers, 1914 (expandable) 745: 731: 242: 228: 4753:Animation of the Race to the Sea (French) 4231: 4106: 1981:First Battle of the Marne, 5–12 September 1469:against the 1st Army and Army Detachment 1155: 1053: 177: 6016:Revolutions and interventions in Hungary 4563: 4544: 4351: 4206: 4178: 4166: 4154: 4118: 4043: 3860: 3824: 3809: 3632: 3509: 3497: 3327: 3315: 3303: 3291: 3228: 3002: 2955: 2935: 2753: 2670: 2567: 2458: 2372: 2218: 2181: 2059: 1990: 1941: 1832: 1813: 1802:Warsaw began with the battles of Warsaw 1797:Military operations began on the Niemen 1730: 1638: 1440: 1322: 1222: 1026:, were first used systematically in the 148: 6393:Occupied Enemy Territory Administration 4658: 4632: 4470: 4441: 4325: 4308: 4286: 4267: 4251:Paths of Glory: The French Army 1914–18 4248: 4142: 4007: 3995: 3980: 3968: 3953: 3938: 3923: 3911: 3899: 3887: 3875: 3848: 3836: 3794: 3782: 3767: 3755: 3743: 3704: 3692: 3680: 3668: 3656: 3644: 3620: 3605: 3593: 3581: 3569: 3557: 3545: 3533: 3521: 3279: 3252: 3240: 3204: 3192: 2187:Ninth and Sixth armies to advance from 1838:German invasion of Belgium, August 1914 1196:opposite the French frontier, from the 912:. The invasion had been stopped at the 6896: 4373: 4082: 3008:Opposing forces at Ypres, October 1914 2113:with the first troops arriving in the 969:from 16 October to 2 November and the 6346:Austro-Hungarian occupation of Serbia 5689:Third Battle of Ypres (Passchendaele) 4761: 4677: 4604: 4392: 4190: 4130: 4094: 4058: 4031: 4019: 3731: 3716: 3473: 3267: 3031:with six new divisions and more than 2238:, which had arrived on the night of 2204:First phase, 25 September – 4 October 1910:and Ypres. British marines landed at 726: 223: 6750:Agreement of Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne 4585: 3441: 3417: 3405: 3381: 2893:The French army casualty total from 2684:Edmund Allenby, 1st Viscount Allenby 2622:, 3.4 mi (5.5 km) west of 2485:by French Territorial troops. From 1473:masked the Belgian Army at Antwerp. 958:but neither side was able to gain a 6679:Ottomans against the Triple Entente 5480:Second Battle of the Masurian Lakes 3143:. In 2005, Doughty used the period 3135:and in 2003, Clayton gave dates of 2554:and the battle at La Bassée ended. 2405:The Germans attacked from Arras to 2322:was menaced by a German offensive. 752: 13: 5419:First Battle of the Masurian Lakes 4625: 2363:First Battle of Arras, 1–4 October 2249:Despite the four divisions of the 2209:Battle of Picardy, 22–26 September 1751:First Battle of the Masurian Lakes 14: 6960: 4734: 2737:during the First Battle of Ypres 2289:Battle of Albert, 25–29 September 1825:German invasion of Belgium (1914) 1683:began in East Prussia and in the 1249:. The main French offensive, the 1092:, with an army in reserve around 950:(28 September – 10 October). The 249: 5782:Second Battle of the Piave River 5404:Russian invasion of East Prussia 4740: 4294:. Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press. 2444:Third phase, 15 October–November 1670:in East Prussia took place from 1634: 1203:expected to be mobilised in the 179: 164: 150: 137: 50: 6846:Arrest of a Suspect in Sarajevo 6046:Lithuanian Wars of Independence 4787: 4540:– via Archive Foundation. 4466:– via Archive foundation. 3167: 3158: 2969:(18 October – 30 November 1914) 2729:the III Corps held a line from 2168:, to attack southwards and the 6669:Austria-Hungary against Serbia 6528:Deportations from East Prussia 6325:1915 typhus epidemic in Serbia 4588:The Campaign of the Marne 1914 3091: 2796: 2378:Attacks on Arras, October 1914 2330:German advance on a line from 2128: 2029:armies. The BEF advanced from 1534:the next day. On 1 September, 1193:Helmuth von Moltke the Younger 68:17 September – 19 October 1914 1: 6580:Ukrainian Canadian internment 4473:The German Army at Ypres 1914 4199: 3330:, pp. 190, 172–173, 178. 2926: 2880: 2870: 2651: 2088:and the French dug in around 1763:The Second Battle of Lemberg 1393:led to the Battle of Malines 1354:and east towards the Belgian 1197: 1070: 1048: 6735:Sazonov–Paléologue Agreement 6034:Estonian War of Independence 5709:Southern Palestine offensive 4549:. Vol. I. Oxford: OUP. 4547:The First World War: To Arms 3180: 2917:German casualties at Ypres, 2744: 2418:and gained a footing on the 1614:and then south-east towards 1256:, began with the Battles of 1058: 954:had resulted in a number of 7: 6909:Western Front (World War I) 6689:USA against Austria-Hungary 6088:Turkish War of Independence 6040:Latvian War of Independence 5772:Treaty of Bucharest of 1918 5363:Anti-Serb riots in Sarajevo 2771:(19 October – 22 November). 2749: 2308:, who had replaced General 1947:Fortified Region of Antwerp 1892:(24 August – 28 September), 1795:(24 September – 8 October). 1356:Fortified Position of Namur 1343:Fortified Position of Liège 1142:British Expeditionary Force 712:Western Front tactics, 1917 10: 6965: 6772:Treaties of Brest-Litovsk 6320:1899–1923 cholera pandemic 5787:Second Battle of the Marne 5674:Second battle of the Aisne 5543:Second Battle of Champagne 5384:German invasion of Belgium 4493:Principal Events 1914–1918 4234:The World Crisis 1911–1918 2996: 2949: 2664: 2561: 2452: 2366: 2358:Second phase, 4–15 October 2292: 2242:on the right flank of the 2212: 2123: 2053: 1984: 1822: 1761:(6 September – 4 October). 1694:was fought in Poland from 1688:(23 August – 11 September) 1481:(24 August – 7 September). 1434: 1216: 1159: 1062: 21:Sherman's March to the Sea 18: 6878: 6837: 6758: 6697: 6659: 6603: 6592: 6553:Assyrian genocide (Sayfo) 6496: 6468: 6416: 6338: 6312: 6264: 6157: 6150: 6082:Irish War of Independence 5978: 5860: 5832:Armistice of Villa Giusti 5817:Battle of Vittorio Veneto 5742: 5644: 5571: 5472: 5429:First Battle of the Marne 5376: 5338: 5273: 5264: 5207: 5081: 5070: 5036: 5008: 4970: 4922: 4875: 4868: 4795: 4684:. London: Edward Arnold. 4232:Churchill, W. S. (1938). 3486:Skinner & Stacke 1922 3457:Skinner & Stacke 1922 3430:Skinner & Stacke 1922 3394:Skinner & Stacke 1922 3370:Skinner & Stacke 1922 3355:Skinner & Stacke 1922 3340:Skinner & Stacke 1922 3070:and then attacked by the 2564:Battle of Messines (1914) 2198: 2056:First Battle of the Aisne 1996:Battle of the Marne, 1914 1987:First Battle of the Marne 1707:(26 August – 2 September) 1702:began in Galicia and the 1606:and by the 1st Army from 1544:First Battle of the Marne 1362:) linked with the BEF at 921:First Battle of the Aisne 914:First Battle of the Marne 764: 259: 193: 130: 60: 49: 37: 32: 6705:Constantinople Agreement 5998:Armenian–Azerbaijani War 5861:Co-belligerent conflicts 5837:Second Romanian campaign 5807:Third Transjordan attack 5518:Gorlice–Tarnów offensive 5424:Battle of Grand Couronné 4728:– via Archive org. 4699:– via Archive org. 4661:The Royal Naval Division 4654:– via Archive org. 4515:– via Archive org. 4268:Corbett, J. S. (2009) . 3217:Mertz von Quirnheim 1929 3084: 2941:First Battle of Flanders 2191:had little success. The 1421:Battle of Grand Couronné 919:and was followed by the 880:) took place from about 6768:Modus vivendi of Acroma 6720:Bulgaria–Germany treaty 6028:Greater Poland Uprising 5928:National Protection War 5812:Meuse–Argonne offensive 5762:German spring offensive 5757:Treaty of Brest-Litovsk 5533:Siege of Novogeorgievsk 5508:Second Battle of Artois 5389:Battle of the Frontiers 4633:Edmonds, J. E. (1922). 4326:Edmonds, J. E. (1925). 4309:Edmonds, J. E. (1926). 2295:Battle of Albert (1914) 2215:First Battle of Picardy 2170:3rd, 4th and 5th armies 2017:5th, 6th and 7th armies 2008:1st, 2nd and 3rd armies 1829:Siege of Antwerp (1914) 1692:First Battle of Kraśnik 1566:, west to the Marne at 1496:Royal Naval Air Service 1219:Battle of the Frontiers 1028:Second Battle of Artois 894:Battle of the Frontiers 600:German spring offensive 6793:Paris Peace Conference 6781:Ukraine–Central Powers 6575:Massacres of Albanians 6543:Late Ottoman genocides 6350:Bulgarian occupations 6058:Third Anglo-Afghan War 6022:Hungarian–Romanian War 5847:Naval Victory Bulletin 5842:Armistice with Germany 5792:Hundred Days Offensive 5719:Battle of La Malmaison 5669:Second battle of Arras 5636:Battle of Transylvania 5490:Second Battle of Ypres 5358:Sarajevo assassination 5247:South African Republic 4605:Wynne, G. C. (1976) . 4525:. London: HMSO. 1922. 4393:Foley, R. T. (2007) . 3123: 3046:armeegruppe von Fabeck 3045: 3028:armeegruppe von Fabeck 3027: 3010: 2963: 2961:Map of Yser area, 1914 2901:which, with losses of 2790: 2780: 2761: 2678: 2655: 175 casualties. 2650:the Cavalry Corps had 2578:The III Corps reached 2575: 2507: 2466: 2432: 2397: 2380: 2369:Battle of Arras (1914) 2314: 2277: 2226: 2174: 2152: 2067: 2003:Michel-Joseph Maunoury 1998: 1949: 1896: 1873: 1858: 1850: 1840: 1780: 1774: 1749:began in Galicia. The 1738: 1722: 1662:(Battle of the Jadar, 1646: 1546:(Battle of the Ourcq) 1448: 1330: 1306:Battle of the Ardennes 1230: 1205: 1180: 1156:Schlieffen–Moltke Plan 1146:Second Moroccan Crisis 1054:Strategic developments 1041: 1019:nettoyeurs de tranchée 1018: 1001: 995: 983: 877: 869: 856: 194:Commanders and leaders 6944:September 1914 events 6803:Treaty of St. Germain 6776:Russia–Central Powers 6730:Sykes–Picot Agreement 6558:Pontic Greek genocide 6533:Destruction of Kalisz 6509:Eastern Mediterranean 6070:Polish–Lithuanian War 5852:Armistice of Belgrade 5822:Armistice of Salonica 5752:Operation Faustschlag 5699:Third Battle of Oituz 5621:Baranovichi offensive 5589:Lake Naroch offensive 5563:Battle of Robat Karim 5538:Vistula–Bug offensive 5513:Battles of the Isonzo 5444:First Battle of Ypres 4659:Jerrold, D. (2009) . 4545:Strachan, H. (2001). 4357:Western Front 1914–18 3006: 2999:First Battle of Ypres 2959: 2936:Subsequent operations 2757: 2674: 2667:Battle of Armentières 2635:Division near Ypres. 2571: 2552:First Battle of Ypres 2462: 2376: 2255:Georg von der Marwitz 2222: 2182:French plan of attack 2063: 1994: 1945: 1836: 1814:Tactical developments 1734: 1720:and a German cruiser 1656:Battle of Stallupönen 1642: 1444: 1383:Battle of St. Quentin 1326: 1226: 1182:Oberste Heeresleitung 1169:Alfred von Schlieffen 1135:and Mézières and the 1127:was to assemble from 1074: 2,000,000 men. 996:Vernichtungsstrategie 985:Oberste Heeresleitung 971:First Battle of Ypres 6798:Treaty of Versailles 6514:Mount Lebanon famine 6429:in the United States 6397:Russian occupations 6111:Turkish–Armenian War 6052:Polish–Ukrainian War 5992:Ukrainian–Soviet War 5939:Central Asian Revolt 5729:Armistice of Focșani 5459:Battle of Sarikamish 5409:Battle of Tannenberg 4805:Military engagements 4749:at Wikimedia Commons 4471:Sheldon, J. (2010). 4249:Clayton, A. (2003). 3444:, pp. 173, 210. 2801:August–December 1914 2464:La Bassée area, 1914 2416:Neuville-Saint-Vaast 2175:Schlachtentscheidung 2072:11 and 12 September, 1966:Sint-Katelijne-Waver 1745:(Battle of Tarnavka 1711:Battle of Gnila Lipa 1678:Battle of Tannenberg 1419:by 3 September. The 1417:Dombasle-sur-Meurthe 1201: 1,700,000 men 1176:German General Staff 1090:Charleville-Mezières 1014:Infiltration tactics 979:German General Staff 975:Erich von Falkenhayn 952:outflanking attempts 707:French Army mutinies 702:1914 Christmas truce 472:Hohenzollern Redoubt 213:Erich von Falkenhayn 6949:October 1914 events 6865:They shall not pass 6788:Treaty of Bucharest 6745:Treaty of Bucharest 6684:USA against Germany 6661:Declarations of war 6365:German occupations 6278:British casualties 6137:Soviet–Georgian War 6064:Egyptian Revolution 6004:Armeno-Georgian War 5868:Somaliland campaign 5827:Armistice of Mudros 5704:Battle of Caporetto 5694:Battle of Mărășești 5664:Zimmermann telegram 5659:February Revolution 5604:Battle of the Somme 5528:Bug-Narew Offensive 5503:Battle of Gallipoli 5495:Sinking of the RMS 5287:Scramble for Africa 5281:Franco-Prussian War 4937:Sinai and Palestine 4374:Ferris, J. (1992). 4253:. London: Cassell. 4181:, pp. 277–278. 4169:, pp. 276–277. 4157:, pp. 275–276. 4097:, pp. 103–104. 4022:, pp. 102–103. 4010:, pp. 103–104. 3956:, pp. 100–104. 3863:, pp. 268–269. 3851:, pp. 403–404. 3797:, pp. 402–403. 3785:, pp. 401–402. 3707:, pp. 407–408. 3695:, pp. 400–401. 3635:, pp. 243–253. 3623:, pp. 102–103. 3608:, pp. 100–102. 3596:, pp. 170–202. 3572:, pp. 168–170. 3560:, pp. 375–390. 3548:, pp. 371–374. 3318:, pp. 167–169. 3306:, pp. 195–198. 3270:, pp. 101–102. 3231:, pp. 266–273. 3207:, pp. 400–408. 2925:at Ypres) and that 2803: 2573:Messines area, 1914 2455:Battle of La Bassée 2433:subdivision d'armée 2428:Givenchy-en-Gohelle 2398:subdivision d'armée 2315:subdivision d'armée 2278:subdivision d'armée 2148:Nouvion-et-Catillon 2026:Alexander von Kluck 1770:Paul von Hindenburg 1668:Battle of Gumbinnen 1644:Eastern Front, 1914 1494:and a party of the 1488:Battle of Le Cateau 1379:Battle of Charleroi 1002:Ermattungsstrategie 696:Associated articles 413:Hartmannswillerkopf 273:Invasion of Belgium 99: / 6825:Treaty of Lausanne 6740:Paris Economy Pact 6674:UK against Germany 6604:Entry into the war 6570:Urkun (Kyrgyzstan) 6289:Ottoman casualties 6099:Franco-Turkish War 5979:Post-War conflicts 5963:Russian Revolution 5945:Invasion of Darfur 5910:Kelantan rebellion 5898:Kurdish rebellions 5874:Mexican Revolution 5714:October Revolution 5679:Kerensky offensive 5654:Capture of Baghdad 5631:Monastir offensive 5616:Brusilov offensive 5454:Battle of Kolubara 5293:Russo-Japanese War 4678:Kluck, A. (1920). 4586:Tyng, S. (2007) . 4397:. Cambridge: CUP. 4236:. London: Odhams. 3971:, pp. 98–123. 3770:, pp. 99–100. 3746:, pp. 98–100. 3734:, pp. 99–100. 3195:, pp. 27–100. 3147: – 3139: – 3131: – 3117: – 3109: – 3103:official historian 3080:28,000 casualties. 3078:the 6th Army lost 3051:17,250 casualties. 3011: 2964: 2952:Battle of the Yser 2911:454,000 casualties 2798:British casualties 2797: 2762: 2679: 2640:Royal Flying Corps 2576: 2467: 2381: 2227: 2068: 1999: 1950: 1841: 1739: 1647: 1449: 1331: 1251:Battle of Lorraine 1241:(Battle of Alsace 1239:Battle of Mulhouse 1231: 967:Battle of the Yser 924:(13–28 September), 900: – 884: – 6914:Conflicts in 1914 6891: 6890: 6874: 6873: 6858:The Golden Virgin 6852:Mutilated victory 6833: 6832: 6813:Treaty of Trianon 6808:Treaty of Neuilly 6715:Damascus Protocol 6588: 6587: 6548:Armenian genocide 6505:Allied blockades 6477:Belgian refugees 6260: 6259: 6170:Strategic bombing 6146: 6145: 6131:Franco-Syrian War 6105:Greco-Turkish War 6093:Anglo-Turkish War 6076:Polish–Soviet War 6010:German Revolution 5986:Russian Civil War 5969:Finnish Civil War 5802:Battle of Megiddo 5777:Battle of Goychay 5724:Battle of Cambrai 5684:Battle of Mărăști 5599:Battle of Jutland 5579:Erzurum offensive 5434:Siege of Przemyśl 5414:Siege of Tsingtao 5399:Battle of Galicia 5329:Second Balkan War 5317:Italo-Turkish War 5274:Pre-War conflicts 5260: 5259: 5150:Portuguese Empire 5066: 5065: 5028:German New Guinea 5010:Asian and Pacific 4745:Media related to 4670:978-1-84342-261-7 4616:978-0-8371-5029-1 4597:978-1-59416-042-4 4578:978-0-85052-330-0 4556:978-0-19-926191-8 4482:978-1-84884-113-0 4404:978-0-521-04436-3 4385:978-0-7509-0247-2 4366:978-1-870114-00-4 4301:978-0-674-01880-8 4279:978-1-84342-489-5 4260:978-0-304-35949-3 4061:, pp. 15–17. 3998:, pp. 95–98. 3941:, pp. 94–95. 3926:, pp. 81–87. 3914:, pp. 77–81. 3902:, pp. 68–71. 3890:, pp. 69–70. 3683:, pp. 97–99. 3659:, pp. 95–98. 3647:, pp. 92–95. 3536:, pp. 39–65. 3488:, pp. 10–12. 3396:, pp. 10–11. 2907:August–September, 2866: 2865: 2802: 2283:Louis de Maud'huy 1886:1,630 casualties. 1799:(25–29 September) 1704:Battle of Komarów 1685:Battle of Galicia 1618:. The new French 1568:Vitry-le-François 1498:(RNAS) landed at 1478:Siege of Maubeuge 1235:encounter battles 1024:creeping barrages 956:encounter battles 870:Wettlauf zum Meer 839: 838: 720: 719: 546:Nivelle offensive 320:Trouée de Charmes 218: 217: 126: 125: 6956: 6818:Treaty of Sèvres 6710:Treaty of London 6601: 6600: 6379:Northeast France 6310: 6309: 6282:Parliamentarians 6215: 6214: 6177:Chemical weapons 6155: 6154: 5916:Senussi campaign 5886:Muscat rebellion 5880:Maritz rebellion 5797:Vardar offensive 5626:Battle of Romani 5594:Battle of Asiago 5584:Battle of Verdun 5548:Kosovo offensive 5323:First Balkan War 5271: 5270: 5170:Russian Republic 5079: 5078: 4873: 4872: 4815:Economic history 4782: 4775: 4768: 4759: 4758: 4744: 4729: 4727: 4725: 4700: 4698: 4696: 4674: 4655: 4653: 4651: 4620: 4601: 4582: 4560: 4541: 4539: 4537: 4516: 4514: 4512: 4486: 4467: 4465: 4463: 4438: 4436: 4434: 4408: 4389: 4370: 4348: 4346: 4344: 4322: 4305: 4283: 4270:Naval Operations 4264: 4245: 4228: 4226: 4224: 4194: 4188: 4182: 4176: 4170: 4164: 4158: 4152: 4146: 4140: 4134: 4128: 4122: 4116: 4110: 4104: 4098: 4092: 4086: 4080: 4074: 4068: 4062: 4056: 4047: 4041: 4035: 4029: 4023: 4017: 4011: 4005: 3999: 3993: 3984: 3978: 3972: 3966: 3957: 3951: 3942: 3936: 3927: 3921: 3915: 3909: 3903: 3897: 3891: 3885: 3879: 3873: 3864: 3858: 3852: 3846: 3840: 3834: 3828: 3822: 3813: 3807: 3798: 3792: 3786: 3780: 3771: 3765: 3759: 3753: 3747: 3741: 3735: 3729: 3720: 3714: 3708: 3702: 3696: 3690: 3684: 3678: 3672: 3666: 3660: 3654: 3648: 3642: 3636: 3630: 3624: 3618: 3609: 3603: 3597: 3591: 3585: 3579: 3573: 3567: 3561: 3555: 3549: 3543: 3537: 3531: 3525: 3519: 3513: 3507: 3501: 3495: 3489: 3483: 3477: 3471: 3460: 3454: 3445: 3439: 3433: 3427: 3421: 3415: 3409: 3403: 3397: 3391: 3385: 3379: 3373: 3367: 3358: 3352: 3343: 3337: 3331: 3325: 3319: 3313: 3307: 3301: 3295: 3289: 3283: 3277: 3271: 3265: 3256: 3250: 3244: 3238: 3232: 3226: 3220: 3214: 3208: 3202: 3196: 3190: 3174: 3171: 3165: 3162: 3156: 3154: 3150: 3146: 3142: 3138: 3134: 3130: 3126: 3120: 3116: 3112: 3108: 3105:, used dates of 3095: 3081: 3077: 3064: 3060: 3052: 3048: 3034: 3030: 3020: 2970: 2931: 2928: 2924: 2923:(54,105 incurred 2920: 2916: 2912: 2909:gave a total of 2908: 2904: 2900: 2896: 2895:October–November 2892: 2888: 2875: 2874: 50 German 2872: 2804: 2800: 2793: 2783: 2772: 2768: 2740: 2739:(19 October – 22 2728: 2700: 2692: 2656: 2653: 2649: 2589: 2521: 2517: 2510: 2488: 2435: 2400: 2328: 2327:25–27 September, 2317: 2280: 2251:II Cavalry Corps 2244:IX Reserve Corps 2241: 2240:18/19 September, 2190: 2189:15–16 September, 2177: 2171: 2163: 2155: 2120: 2112: 2102:Battle of Flirey 2082: 2078: 2073: 2045: 2041: 2040:15–16 September, 2032: 2018: 2013: 2012:44:56 divisions. 2009: 1971: 1963: 1962:26–27 September. 1959: 1956: 1930: 1926: 1917: 1914:on the night of 1901: 1893: 1887: 1878: 1863: 1855: 1846: 1809: 1805: 1800: 1796: 1785: 1777: 1766: 1765:(8–11 September) 1762: 1755: 1754:(7–14 September) 1748: 1727: 1715: 1708: 1701: 1697: 1689: 1682: 1673: 1665: 1578:and the west of 1549: 1548:(5–12 September) 1513: 1482: 1396: 1338:Battle of Haelen 1319: 1310: 1290: 1267: 1255: 1244: 1208: 1202: 1199: 1189: 1185: 1094:Sainte-Menehould 1075: 1072: 1044: 1033: 1032:7 and 25 January 1021: 1004: 998: 988: 960:decisive victory 948:Siege of Antwerp 925: 918: 917:(5–12 September) 903: 899: 888:1914 during the 887: 883: 878:Race naar de Zee 864: 759: 757: 747: 740: 733: 724: 723: 659:St Quentin Canal 254: 244: 237: 230: 221: 220: 189: 185: 183: 182: 174: 170: 168: 167: 160: 156: 154: 153: 143: 141: 140: 114: 113: 111: 110: 109: 104: 103:49.500°N 2.833°E 100: 97: 96: 95: 92: 62: 61: 54: 30: 29: 6964: 6963: 6959: 6958: 6957: 6955: 6954: 6953: 6939:1914 in Belgium 6904:Race to the Sea 6894: 6893: 6892: 6887: 6870: 6829: 6761: 6754: 6725:Treaty of Darin 6693: 6655: 6611:Austria-Hungary 6597: 6584: 6565:Rape of Belgium 6492: 6464: 6412: 6406:Western Armenia 6401:Eastern Galicia 6334: 6308: 6272: 6271:Civilian impact 6270: 6256: 6213: 6142: 5974: 5904:Ovambo Uprising 5856: 5738: 5640: 5567: 5485:Battle of Łomża 5468: 5464:Christmas truce 5439:Race to the Sea 5372: 5334: 5256: 5227:Austria-Hungary 5203: 5138:Empire of Japan 5075: 5073: 5062: 5046:U-boat campaign 5032: 5004: 4966: 4918: 4864: 4845:Popular culture 4791: 4786: 4747:Race to the Sea 4737: 4732: 4723: 4721: 4703: 4694: 4692: 4671: 4649: 4647: 4628: 4626:Further reading 4623: 4617: 4598: 4579: 4557: 4535: 4533: 4510: 4508: 4483: 4461: 4459: 4432: 4430: 4405: 4386: 4367: 4342: 4340: 4302: 4280: 4261: 4222: 4220: 4202: 4197: 4189: 4185: 4177: 4173: 4165: 4161: 4153: 4149: 4141: 4137: 4129: 4125: 4117: 4113: 4109:, p. 1424. 4105: 4101: 4093: 4089: 4085:, pp. 4–5. 4081: 4077: 4071:War Office 1922 4069: 4065: 4057: 4050: 4042: 4038: 4030: 4026: 4018: 4014: 4006: 4002: 3994: 3987: 3979: 3975: 3967: 3960: 3952: 3945: 3937: 3930: 3922: 3918: 3910: 3906: 3898: 3894: 3886: 3882: 3874: 3867: 3859: 3855: 3847: 3843: 3835: 3831: 3823: 3816: 3808: 3801: 3793: 3789: 3781: 3774: 3766: 3762: 3754: 3750: 3742: 3738: 3730: 3723: 3715: 3711: 3703: 3699: 3691: 3687: 3679: 3675: 3667: 3663: 3655: 3651: 3643: 3639: 3631: 3627: 3619: 3612: 3604: 3600: 3592: 3588: 3580: 3576: 3568: 3564: 3556: 3552: 3544: 3540: 3532: 3528: 3520: 3516: 3508: 3504: 3496: 3492: 3484: 3480: 3472: 3463: 3459:, pp. 5–9. 3455: 3448: 3440: 3436: 3428: 3424: 3416: 3412: 3404: 3400: 3392: 3388: 3380: 3376: 3372:, pp. 8–9. 3368: 3361: 3357:, pp. 7–8. 3353: 3346: 3338: 3334: 3326: 3322: 3314: 3310: 3302: 3298: 3290: 3286: 3278: 3274: 3266: 3259: 3251: 3247: 3239: 3235: 3227: 3223: 3215: 3211: 3203: 3199: 3191: 3187: 3183: 3178: 3177: 3172: 3168: 3163: 3159: 3152: 3148: 3144: 3140: 3136: 3132: 3128: 3118: 3114: 3110: 3106: 3096: 3092: 3087: 3079: 3075: 3063:10–11 November. 3062: 3058: 3050: 3032: 3018: 3009: 3001: 2995: 2978:Félix Wielemans 2968: 2962: 2954: 2948: 2943: 2938: 2929: 2922: 2918: 2914: 2910: 2906: 2902: 2898: 2894: 2890: 2886: 2883: 2873: 2799: 2770: 2767:(16–31 October) 2766: 2760: 2752: 2747: 2738: 2735:Race to the Sea 2726: 2699:708 casualties. 2698: 2697:, at a cost of 2690: 2677: 2669: 2663: 2654: 2647: 2614:On 15 October, 2587: 2574: 2566: 2560: 2544:Lahore Division 2519: 2516:967 casualties. 2515: 2486: 2465: 2457: 2451: 2446: 2393:Monchy-le-Preux 2379: 2371: 2365: 2360: 2326: 2297: 2291: 2239: 2225: 2217: 2211: 2206: 2201: 2193:Deuxième Bureau 2188: 2184: 2169: 2162:15–19 September 2161: 2141:Wilhelm Groener 2131: 2126: 2118: 2110: 2080: 2077:15–16 September 2076: 2071: 2066: 2058: 2052: 2043: 2039: 2030: 2016: 2011: 2007: 1997: 1989: 1983: 1969: 1961: 1957: 1954: 1948: 1928: 1924: 1916:19/20 September 1915: 1891: 1885: 1866:Rape of Belgium 1860:Schrecklichkeit 1844: 1839: 1831: 1823:Main articles: 1821: 1816: 1808:(9–20 October). 1807: 1803: 1798: 1794: 1764: 1760: 1758:Battle of Drina 1753: 1746: 1737: 1713: 1706: 1699: 1695: 1687: 1680: 1671: 1663: 1645: 1637: 1547: 1511: 1480: 1447: 1439: 1433: 1395:(25–27 August). 1394: 1329: 1318:(26–28 August), 1317: 1308: 1289:(14–25 August), 1288: 1265: 1253: 1242: 1229: 1221: 1215: 1200: 1187: 1171:, Chief of the 1164: 1162:Schlieffen Plan 1158: 1073: 1067: 1061: 1056: 1051: 1031: 977:, Chief of the 923: 916: 901: 897: 890:First World War 885: 881: 860: 857:Course à la mer 842: 841: 840: 835: 760: 756:Race to the Sea 755: 753: 751: 721: 716: 693: 497:Vimy Ridge 1916 374:Race to the Sea 342:1st St. Quentin 264: 255: 250: 248: 206: 202: 180: 178: 165: 163: 161: 151: 149: 147: 138: 136: 107: 105: 101: 98: 93: 90: 88: 86: 85: 84: 80:and north-west 55: 44:First World War 33:Race to the Sea 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 6962: 6952: 6951: 6946: 6941: 6936: 6931: 6926: 6921: 6919:1914 in France 6916: 6911: 6906: 6889: 6888: 6886: 6885: 6879: 6876: 6875: 6872: 6871: 6869: 6868: 6861: 6854: 6849: 6841: 6839: 6835: 6834: 6831: 6830: 6828: 6827: 6822: 6821: 6820: 6815: 6810: 6805: 6800: 6790: 6785: 6784: 6783: 6778: 6770: 6764: 6762: 6760:Peace treaties 6759: 6756: 6755: 6753: 6752: 6747: 6742: 6737: 6732: 6727: 6722: 6717: 6712: 6707: 6701: 6699: 6695: 6694: 6692: 6691: 6686: 6681: 6676: 6671: 6665: 6663: 6657: 6656: 6654: 6653: 6648: 6646:United Kingdom 6643: 6638: 6636:Ottoman Empire 6633: 6628: 6623: 6618: 6613: 6607: 6605: 6598: 6593: 6590: 6589: 6586: 6585: 6583: 6582: 6577: 6572: 6567: 6562: 6561: 6560: 6555: 6550: 6540: 6538:Sack of Dinant 6535: 6530: 6525: 6524: 6523: 6518: 6517: 6516: 6502: 6500: 6494: 6493: 6491: 6490: 6489: 6488: 6486:United Kingdom 6483: 6474: 6472: 6466: 6465: 6463: 6462: 6461: 6460: 6455: 6446: 6440:POW locations 6438: 6433: 6432: 6431: 6422: 6420: 6414: 6413: 6411: 6410: 6409: 6408: 6403: 6395: 6390: 6389: 6388: 6381: 6376: 6371: 6363: 6362: 6361: 6356: 6348: 6342: 6340: 6336: 6335: 6333: 6332: 6327: 6322: 6316: 6314: 6307: 6306: 6305: 6304: 6299: 6291: 6286: 6285: 6284: 6275: 6273: 6265: 6262: 6261: 6258: 6257: 6255: 6254: 6249: 6248: 6247: 6240:United Kingdom 6237: 6235:Ottoman Empire 6232: 6227: 6221: 6219: 6212: 6211: 6209:Trench warfare 6206: 6205: 6204: 6194: 6189: 6184: 6179: 6174: 6173: 6172: 6161: 6159: 6152: 6148: 6147: 6144: 6143: 6141: 6140: 6134: 6128: 6122: 6116: 6115: 6114: 6108: 6102: 6096: 6085: 6079: 6073: 6067: 6061: 6055: 6049: 6043: 6037: 6031: 6025: 6019: 6013: 6007: 6001: 5995: 5989: 5982: 5980: 5976: 5975: 5973: 5972: 5966: 5960: 5954: 5948: 5942: 5936: 5930: 5925: 5922:Volta-Bani War 5919: 5913: 5907: 5901: 5895: 5889: 5883: 5877: 5871: 5864: 5862: 5858: 5857: 5855: 5854: 5849: 5844: 5839: 5834: 5829: 5824: 5819: 5814: 5809: 5804: 5799: 5794: 5789: 5784: 5779: 5774: 5769: 5767:Zeebrugge Raid 5764: 5759: 5754: 5748: 5746: 5740: 5739: 5737: 5736: 5731: 5726: 5721: 5716: 5711: 5706: 5701: 5696: 5691: 5686: 5681: 5676: 5671: 5666: 5661: 5656: 5650: 5648: 5642: 5641: 5639: 5638: 5633: 5628: 5623: 5618: 5613: 5612: 5611: 5601: 5596: 5591: 5586: 5581: 5575: 5573: 5569: 5568: 5566: 5565: 5560: 5558:Battle of Loos 5555: 5550: 5545: 5540: 5535: 5530: 5525: 5520: 5515: 5510: 5505: 5500: 5492: 5487: 5482: 5476: 5474: 5470: 5469: 5467: 5466: 5461: 5456: 5451: 5449:Black Sea raid 5446: 5441: 5436: 5431: 5426: 5421: 5416: 5411: 5406: 5401: 5396: 5391: 5386: 5380: 5378: 5374: 5373: 5371: 5370: 5365: 5360: 5355: 5354: 5353: 5351:Historiography 5342: 5340: 5336: 5335: 5333: 5332: 5326: 5320: 5314: 5308: 5305:Bosnian Crisis 5302: 5299:Tangier Crisis 5296: 5290: 5284: 5277: 5275: 5268: 5262: 5261: 5258: 5257: 5255: 5254: 5249: 5244: 5239: 5234: 5232:Ottoman Empire 5229: 5224: 5219: 5213: 5211: 5209:Central Powers 5205: 5204: 5202: 5201: 5196: 5195: 5194: 5192:British Empire 5187:United Kingdom 5184: 5179: 5174: 5173: 5172: 5167: 5165:Russian Empire 5157: 5152: 5147: 5142: 5141: 5140: 5130: 5125: 5120: 5119: 5118: 5108: 5103: 5098: 5093: 5087: 5085: 5083:Entente Powers 5076: 5071: 5068: 5067: 5064: 5063: 5061: 5060: 5055: 5054: 5053: 5051:North Atlantic 5042: 5040: 5034: 5033: 5031: 5030: 5025: 5020: 5014: 5012: 5006: 5005: 5003: 5002: 4997: 4992: 4987: 4982: 4976: 4974: 4968: 4967: 4965: 4964: 4962:Central Arabia 4959: 4954: 4949: 4944: 4939: 4934: 4928: 4926: 4924:Middle Eastern 4920: 4919: 4917: 4916: 4911: 4910: 4909: 4899: 4894: 4893: 4892: 4881: 4879: 4870: 4866: 4865: 4863: 4862: 4857: 4852: 4847: 4842: 4837: 4832: 4827: 4825:Historiography 4822: 4817: 4812: 4807: 4802: 4796: 4793: 4792: 4785: 4784: 4777: 4770: 4762: 4756: 4755: 4750: 4736: 4735:External links 4733: 4731: 4730: 4701: 4675: 4669: 4656: 4629: 4627: 4624: 4622: 4621: 4615: 4602: 4596: 4583: 4577: 4561: 4555: 4542: 4517: 4487: 4481: 4468: 4443:Raleigh, W. A. 4439: 4409: 4403: 4390: 4384: 4371: 4365: 4349: 4323: 4306: 4300: 4288:Doughty, R. A. 4284: 4278: 4265: 4259: 4246: 4229: 4203: 4201: 4198: 4196: 4195: 4193:, p. 103. 4183: 4171: 4159: 4147: 4135: 4133:, p. 102. 4123: 4121:, p. 278. 4111: 4107:Churchill 1938 4099: 4087: 4075: 4073:, p. 253. 4063: 4048: 4036: 4034:, p. 104. 4024: 4012: 4000: 3985: 3983:, p. 408. 3973: 3958: 3943: 3928: 3916: 3904: 3892: 3880: 3878:, p. 405. 3865: 3853: 3841: 3839:, p. 404. 3829: 3827:, p. 268. 3814: 3799: 3787: 3772: 3760: 3748: 3736: 3721: 3709: 3697: 3685: 3673: 3671:, p. 388. 3661: 3649: 3637: 3625: 3610: 3598: 3586: 3584:, p. 405. 3574: 3562: 3550: 3538: 3526: 3514: 3512:, p. 211. 3502: 3490: 3478: 3461: 3446: 3434: 3422: 3420:, p. 154. 3410: 3408:, p. 128. 3398: 3386: 3374: 3359: 3344: 3332: 3320: 3308: 3296: 3294:, p. 194. 3284: 3272: 3257: 3245: 3233: 3221: 3209: 3197: 3184: 3182: 3179: 3176: 3175: 3166: 3157: 3153:10–21 October. 3101:, the British 3089: 3088: 3086: 3083: 3072:Prussian Guard 3019:23–24 October, 3007: 2997:Main article: 2994: 2991: 2960: 2950:Main article: 2947: 2944: 2942: 2939: 2937: 2934: 2919:89,964 British 2882: 2879: 2864: 2863: 2858: 2852: 2851: 2848: 2844: 2843: 2840: 2836: 2835: 2832: 2828: 2827: 2824: 2820: 2819: 2816: 2812: 2811: 2808: 2758: 2751: 2748: 2746: 2743: 2727:18/19 October, 2715:Pont de Nieppe 2691:2:00 p.m. 2675: 2665:Main article: 2662: 2659: 2588:10–12 October, 2572: 2562:Main article: 2559: 2556: 2463: 2453:Main article: 2450: 2447: 2445: 2442: 2377: 2367:Main article: 2364: 2361: 2359: 2356: 2344:Victor d'Urbal 2310:Albert d'Amade 2306:Joseph Brugère 2302:Bray-sur-Somme 2293:Main article: 2290: 2287: 2223: 2213:Main article: 2210: 2207: 2205: 2202: 2200: 2197: 2183: 2180: 2166:Karl von Bülow 2158:Gerhard Tappen 2130: 2127: 2125: 2122: 2064: 2054:Main article: 2051: 2048: 2044:17–19 October, 2031:6–8 September, 1995: 1985:Main article: 1982: 1979: 1970:11:00 am, 1958:9–13 September 1946: 1852:Francs-tireurs 1837: 1820: 1817: 1815: 1812: 1806:and Ivangorod 1804:(9–19 October) 1772:was appointed 1747:7–9 September) 1743:Battle of Rawa 1735: 1714:(26–30 August) 1700:(26–30 August) 1681:(26–30 August) 1666:began and the 1643: 1636: 1633: 1526:, La Fère and 1512:29–30 August). 1445: 1435:Main article: 1432: 1429: 1405:Pont-à-Mousson 1401:Grand Couronné 1387:Battle of Mons 1327: 1309:(21–28 August) 1270:Château-Salins 1254:(14–25 August) 1227: 1217:Main article: 1214: 1211: 1160:Main article: 1157: 1154: 1063:Main article: 1060: 1057: 1055: 1052: 1050: 1047: 1010:trench warfare 837: 836: 834: 833: 832: 831: 829:Nonne Bosschen 826: 821: 811: 806: 801: 796: 794:La Bassée 791: 786: 784:Bois-le-Prêtre 781: 776: 771: 765: 762: 761: 750: 749: 742: 735: 727: 718: 717: 715: 714: 709: 704: 692: 691: 689:Lys and Escaut 686: 681: 676: 671: 666: 661: 656: 651: 646: 641: 636: 631: 630: 629: 624: 619: 614: 609: 591: 590: 585: 580: 575: 570: 569: 568: 563: 558: 553: 543: 536: 525: 524: 519: 514: 509: 504: 499: 494: 489: 484: 479: 474: 469: 458: 457: 452: 447: 442: 437: 436: 435: 425: 420: 418:Neuve Chapelle 415: 410: 399: 398: 393: 391:Winter actions 388: 387: 386: 381: 371: 366: 361: 356: 354:Grand Couronné 351: 346: 345: 344: 339: 334: 324: 323: 322: 317: 312: 307: 302: 292: 291: 290: 285: 280: 270: 260: 257: 256: 247: 246: 239: 232: 224: 216: 215: 210: 196: 195: 191: 190: 175: 172:United Kingdom 133: 132: 128: 127: 124: 123: 120: 116: 115: 76: 74: 70: 69: 66: 58: 57: 47: 46: 35: 34: 28: 27: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6961: 6950: 6947: 6945: 6942: 6940: 6937: 6935: 6932: 6930: 6927: 6925: 6922: 6920: 6917: 6915: 6912: 6910: 6907: 6905: 6902: 6901: 6899: 6884: 6881: 6880: 6877: 6867: 6866: 6862: 6860: 6859: 6855: 6853: 6850: 6848: 6847: 6843: 6842: 6840: 6836: 6826: 6823: 6819: 6816: 6814: 6811: 6809: 6806: 6804: 6801: 6799: 6796: 6795: 6794: 6791: 6789: 6786: 6782: 6779: 6777: 6774: 6773: 6771: 6769: 6766: 6765: 6763: 6757: 6751: 6748: 6746: 6743: 6741: 6738: 6736: 6733: 6731: 6728: 6726: 6723: 6721: 6718: 6716: 6713: 6711: 6708: 6706: 6703: 6702: 6700: 6696: 6690: 6687: 6685: 6682: 6680: 6677: 6675: 6672: 6670: 6667: 6666: 6664: 6662: 6658: 6652: 6651:United States 6649: 6647: 6644: 6642: 6639: 6637: 6634: 6632: 6629: 6627: 6624: 6622: 6619: 6617: 6614: 6612: 6609: 6608: 6606: 6602: 6599: 6596: 6591: 6581: 6578: 6576: 6573: 6571: 6568: 6566: 6563: 6559: 6556: 6554: 6551: 6549: 6546: 6545: 6544: 6541: 6539: 6536: 6534: 6531: 6529: 6526: 6522: 6519: 6515: 6512: 6511: 6510: 6507: 6506: 6504: 6503: 6501: 6499: 6495: 6487: 6484: 6482: 6479: 6478: 6476: 6475: 6473: 6471: 6467: 6459: 6456: 6454: 6450: 6447: 6445: 6442: 6441: 6439: 6437: 6434: 6430: 6427: 6426: 6424: 6423: 6421: 6419: 6415: 6407: 6404: 6402: 6399: 6398: 6396: 6394: 6391: 6387: 6386: 6382: 6380: 6377: 6375: 6372: 6370: 6367: 6366: 6364: 6360: 6357: 6355: 6352: 6351: 6349: 6347: 6344: 6343: 6341: 6337: 6331: 6328: 6326: 6323: 6321: 6318: 6317: 6315: 6311: 6303: 6300: 6298: 6295: 6294: 6292: 6290: 6287: 6283: 6280: 6279: 6277: 6276: 6274: 6268: 6263: 6253: 6252:United States 6250: 6246: 6243: 6242: 6241: 6238: 6236: 6233: 6231: 6228: 6226: 6223: 6222: 6220: 6216: 6210: 6207: 6203: 6202:Convoy system 6200: 6199: 6198: 6197:Naval warfare 6195: 6193: 6190: 6188: 6185: 6183: 6180: 6178: 6175: 6171: 6168: 6167: 6166: 6163: 6162: 6160: 6156: 6153: 6149: 6138: 6135: 6132: 6129: 6126: 6123: 6120: 6117: 6112: 6109: 6106: 6103: 6100: 6097: 6094: 6091: 6090: 6089: 6086: 6083: 6080: 6077: 6074: 6071: 6068: 6065: 6062: 6059: 6056: 6053: 6050: 6047: 6044: 6041: 6038: 6035: 6032: 6029: 6026: 6023: 6020: 6017: 6014: 6011: 6008: 6005: 6002: 5999: 5996: 5993: 5990: 5987: 5984: 5983: 5981: 5977: 5970: 5967: 5964: 5961: 5958: 5957:Kaocen revolt 5955: 5952: 5951:Easter Rising 5949: 5946: 5943: 5940: 5937: 5934: 5931: 5929: 5926: 5923: 5920: 5917: 5914: 5911: 5908: 5905: 5902: 5899: 5896: 5893: 5890: 5887: 5884: 5881: 5878: 5875: 5872: 5869: 5866: 5865: 5863: 5859: 5853: 5850: 5848: 5845: 5843: 5840: 5838: 5835: 5833: 5830: 5828: 5825: 5823: 5820: 5818: 5815: 5813: 5810: 5808: 5805: 5803: 5800: 5798: 5795: 5793: 5790: 5788: 5785: 5783: 5780: 5778: 5775: 5773: 5770: 5768: 5765: 5763: 5760: 5758: 5755: 5753: 5750: 5749: 5747: 5745: 5741: 5735: 5732: 5730: 5727: 5725: 5722: 5720: 5717: 5715: 5712: 5710: 5707: 5705: 5702: 5700: 5697: 5695: 5692: 5690: 5687: 5685: 5682: 5680: 5677: 5675: 5672: 5670: 5667: 5665: 5662: 5660: 5657: 5655: 5652: 5651: 5649: 5647: 5643: 5637: 5634: 5632: 5629: 5627: 5624: 5622: 5619: 5617: 5614: 5610: 5607: 5606: 5605: 5602: 5600: 5597: 5595: 5592: 5590: 5587: 5585: 5582: 5580: 5577: 5576: 5574: 5570: 5564: 5561: 5559: 5556: 5554: 5551: 5549: 5546: 5544: 5541: 5539: 5536: 5534: 5531: 5529: 5526: 5524: 5523:Great Retreat 5521: 5519: 5516: 5514: 5511: 5509: 5506: 5504: 5501: 5499: 5498: 5493: 5491: 5488: 5486: 5483: 5481: 5478: 5477: 5475: 5471: 5465: 5462: 5460: 5457: 5455: 5452: 5450: 5447: 5445: 5442: 5440: 5437: 5435: 5432: 5430: 5427: 5425: 5422: 5420: 5417: 5415: 5412: 5410: 5407: 5405: 5402: 5400: 5397: 5395: 5394:Battle of Cer 5392: 5390: 5387: 5385: 5382: 5381: 5379: 5375: 5369: 5366: 5364: 5361: 5359: 5356: 5352: 5349: 5348: 5347: 5344: 5343: 5341: 5337: 5330: 5327: 5324: 5321: 5318: 5315: 5312: 5311:Agadir Crisis 5309: 5306: 5303: 5300: 5297: 5294: 5291: 5288: 5285: 5282: 5279: 5278: 5276: 5272: 5269: 5267: 5263: 5253: 5250: 5248: 5245: 5243: 5240: 5238: 5235: 5233: 5230: 5228: 5225: 5223: 5220: 5218: 5215: 5214: 5212: 5210: 5206: 5200: 5199:United States 5197: 5193: 5190: 5189: 5188: 5185: 5183: 5180: 5178: 5175: 5171: 5168: 5166: 5163: 5162: 5161: 5158: 5156: 5153: 5151: 5148: 5146: 5143: 5139: 5136: 5135: 5134: 5131: 5129: 5126: 5124: 5121: 5117: 5116:French Empire 5114: 5113: 5112: 5109: 5107: 5104: 5102: 5099: 5097: 5094: 5092: 5089: 5088: 5086: 5084: 5080: 5077: 5069: 5059: 5058:Mediterranean 5056: 5052: 5049: 5048: 5047: 5044: 5043: 5041: 5039: 5038:Naval warfare 5035: 5029: 5026: 5024: 5021: 5019: 5016: 5015: 5013: 5011: 5007: 5001: 4998: 4996: 4993: 4991: 4988: 4986: 4983: 4981: 4978: 4977: 4975: 4973: 4969: 4963: 4960: 4958: 4955: 4953: 4950: 4948: 4945: 4943: 4940: 4938: 4935: 4933: 4930: 4929: 4927: 4925: 4921: 4915: 4914:Italian Front 4912: 4908: 4905: 4904: 4903: 4902:Eastern Front 4900: 4898: 4897:Western Front 4895: 4891: 4888: 4887: 4886: 4883: 4882: 4880: 4878: 4874: 4871: 4867: 4861: 4858: 4856: 4855:Puppet states 4853: 4851: 4848: 4846: 4843: 4841: 4838: 4836: 4833: 4831: 4828: 4826: 4823: 4821: 4818: 4816: 4813: 4811: 4808: 4806: 4803: 4801: 4798: 4797: 4794: 4790: 4783: 4778: 4776: 4771: 4769: 4764: 4763: 4760: 4754: 4751: 4748: 4743: 4739: 4738: 4720: 4716: 4712: 4708: 4707: 4702: 4691: 4687: 4683: 4682: 4676: 4672: 4666: 4662: 4657: 4646: 4642: 4638: 4637: 4631: 4630: 4618: 4612: 4608: 4603: 4599: 4593: 4589: 4584: 4580: 4574: 4570: 4566: 4562: 4558: 4552: 4548: 4543: 4532: 4528: 4524: 4523: 4518: 4507: 4503: 4499: 4495: 4494: 4488: 4484: 4478: 4474: 4469: 4458: 4454: 4450: 4449: 4444: 4440: 4429: 4425: 4421: 4417: 4416: 4410: 4406: 4400: 4396: 4391: 4387: 4381: 4377: 4372: 4368: 4362: 4358: 4354: 4350: 4339: 4335: 4331: 4330: 4324: 4320: 4316: 4312: 4307: 4303: 4297: 4293: 4289: 4285: 4281: 4275: 4271: 4266: 4262: 4256: 4252: 4247: 4243: 4239: 4235: 4230: 4219: 4215: 4211: 4210: 4205: 4204: 4192: 4187: 4180: 4179:Strachan 2001 4175: 4168: 4167:Strachan 2001 4163: 4156: 4155:Strachan 2001 4151: 4145:, p. 79. 4144: 4139: 4132: 4127: 4120: 4119:Strachan 2001 4115: 4108: 4103: 4096: 4091: 4084: 4079: 4072: 4067: 4060: 4055: 4053: 4046:, p. 71. 4045: 4044:Farndale 1986 4040: 4033: 4028: 4021: 4016: 4009: 4004: 3997: 3992: 3990: 3982: 3977: 3970: 3965: 3963: 3955: 3950: 3948: 3940: 3935: 3933: 3925: 3920: 3913: 3908: 3901: 3896: 3889: 3884: 3877: 3872: 3870: 3862: 3861:Strachan 2001 3857: 3850: 3845: 3838: 3833: 3826: 3825:Strachan 2001 3821: 3819: 3811: 3810:Michelin 1919 3806: 3804: 3796: 3791: 3784: 3779: 3777: 3769: 3764: 3758:, p. 99. 3757: 3752: 3745: 3740: 3733: 3728: 3726: 3719:, p. 98. 3718: 3713: 3706: 3701: 3694: 3689: 3682: 3677: 3670: 3665: 3658: 3653: 3646: 3641: 3634: 3633:Strachan 2001 3629: 3622: 3617: 3615: 3607: 3602: 3595: 3590: 3583: 3578: 3571: 3566: 3559: 3554: 3547: 3542: 3535: 3530: 3524:, p. 34. 3523: 3518: 3511: 3510:Strachan 2001 3506: 3500:, p. 25. 3499: 3498:Terraine 1992 3494: 3487: 3482: 3476:, p. 99. 3475: 3470: 3468: 3466: 3458: 3453: 3451: 3443: 3438: 3431: 3426: 3419: 3414: 3407: 3402: 3395: 3390: 3384:, p. 73. 3383: 3378: 3371: 3366: 3364: 3356: 3351: 3349: 3341: 3336: 3329: 3328:Strachan 2001 3324: 3317: 3316:Strachan 2001 3312: 3305: 3304:Strachan 2001 3300: 3293: 3292:Strachan 2001 3288: 3281: 3276: 3269: 3264: 3262: 3255:, p. 98. 3254: 3249: 3243:, p. 59. 3242: 3237: 3230: 3229:Strachan 2001 3225: 3219:, p. 14. 3218: 3213: 3206: 3201: 3194: 3189: 3185: 3170: 3161: 3125: 3124:Der Weltkrieg 3104: 3100: 3099:James Edmonds 3094: 3090: 3082: 3073: 3069: 3056: 3047: 3040: 3038: 3029: 3024: 3016: 3005: 3000: 2990: 2987: 2983: 2979: 2973: 2958: 2953: 2933: 2891:116,000 dead. 2878: 2862: 2859: 2857: 2854: 2853: 2849: 2846: 2845: 2841: 2838: 2837: 2833: 2830: 2829: 2825: 2822: 2821: 2817: 2814: 2813: 2809: 2806: 2805: 2795: 2792: 2785: 2782: 2775: 2756: 2742: 2736: 2732: 2724: 2720: 2716: 2712: 2708: 2703: 2696: 2687: 2685: 2673: 2668: 2658: 2648:9–18 October, 2645: 2641: 2638:Fog grounded 2636: 2633: 2629: 2625: 2621: 2617: 2612: 2610: 2606: 2602: 2597: 2593: 2592:Mont des Cats 2585: 2581: 2570: 2565: 2555: 2553: 2549: 2545: 2541: 2537: 2533: 2529: 2525: 2520:16–18 October 2512: 2509: 2504: 2500: 2496: 2492: 2484: 2480: 2476: 2472: 2461: 2456: 2441: 2437: 2434: 2429: 2425: 2421: 2417: 2413: 2408: 2403: 2399: 2394: 2390: 2386: 2375: 2370: 2355: 2353: 2349: 2345: 2341: 2337: 2333: 2323: 2321: 2316: 2311: 2307: 2303: 2296: 2286: 2284: 2279: 2273: 2269: 2264: 2260: 2256: 2252: 2247: 2245: 2237: 2233: 2221: 2216: 2196: 2194: 2179: 2176: 2167: 2159: 2154: 2149: 2144: 2142: 2137: 2121: 2116: 2107: 2103: 2099: 2093: 2091: 2087: 2062: 2057: 2047: 2035: 2027: 2021: 2004: 1993: 1988: 1978: 1976: 1967: 1955:24–26 August, 1944: 1940: 1938: 1934: 1921: 1913: 1909: 1905: 1900: 1899: 1888: 1882: 1877: 1876: 1869: 1867: 1862: 1861: 1854: 1853: 1835: 1830: 1826: 1811: 1792: 1787: 1784: 1783: 1776: 1771: 1759: 1752: 1744: 1736:Silesia, 1914 1733: 1729: 1726: 1725: 1724:SMS Magdeburg 1719: 1712: 1705: 1696:23–25 August. 1693: 1686: 1679: 1674: 1672:19–20 August. 1669: 1664:17–21 August) 1661: 1660:Battle of Cer 1657: 1652: 1641: 1635:Eastern Front 1632: 1629: 1625: 1621: 1617: 1613: 1609: 1605: 1601: 1597: 1593: 1589: 1585: 1581: 1577: 1573: 1569: 1565: 1561: 1557: 1551: 1545: 1541: 1537: 1533: 1529: 1525: 1521: 1517: 1509: 1505: 1501: 1497: 1493: 1492:Royal Marines 1489: 1485: 1479: 1474: 1472: 1468: 1463: 1459: 1455: 1443: 1438: 1437:Great Retreat 1428: 1426: 1422: 1418: 1414: 1410: 1406: 1402: 1397: 1392: 1388: 1384: 1380: 1376: 1372: 1367: 1365: 1361: 1357: 1353: 1349: 1344: 1339: 1335: 1325: 1321: 1315: 1307: 1303: 1299: 1295: 1287: 1282: 1279: 1275: 1271: 1263: 1259: 1252: 1248: 1240: 1236: 1225: 1220: 1210: 1207: 1194: 1184: 1183: 1177: 1174: 1170: 1163: 1153: 1151: 1147: 1143: 1138: 1134: 1130: 1126: 1122: 1118: 1114: 1110: 1105: 1103: 1099: 1095: 1091: 1087: 1083: 1079: 1066: 1046: 1043: 1038: 1037:Eastern Front 1029: 1025: 1020: 1015: 1011: 1006: 1003: 997: 992: 991:Western Front 987: 986: 980: 976: 972: 968: 963: 961: 957: 953: 949: 945: 941: 937: 933: 929: 922: 915: 911: 908:advance into 907: 895: 891: 879: 875: 871: 867: 863: 858: 854: 850: 848: 830: 827: 825: 822: 820: 817: 816: 815: 812: 810: 807: 805: 802: 800: 797: 795: 792: 790: 787: 785: 782: 780: 777: 775: 772: 770: 767: 766: 763: 758: 748: 743: 741: 736: 734: 729: 728: 725: 713: 710: 708: 705: 703: 700: 699: 698: 697: 690: 687: 685: 682: 680: 677: 675: 672: 670: 667: 665: 664:Meuse-Argonne 662: 660: 657: 655: 652: 650: 647: 645: 642: 640: 637: 635: 632: 628: 625: 623: 620: 618: 615: 613: 610: 608: 607: 603: 602: 601: 598: 597: 596: 595: 589: 586: 584: 581: 579: 578:Passchendaele 576: 574: 571: 567: 564: 562: 559: 557: 554: 552: 549: 548: 547: 544: 542: 541: 537: 535: 532: 531: 530: 529: 523: 520: 518: 515: 513: 510: 508: 505: 503: 500: 498: 495: 493: 490: 488: 485: 483: 480: 478: 475: 473: 470: 468: 465: 464: 463: 462: 456: 453: 451: 448: 446: 443: 441: 440:2nd Champagne 438: 434: 431: 430: 429: 426: 424: 421: 419: 416: 414: 411: 409: 408:1st Champagne 406: 405: 404: 403: 397: 394: 392: 389: 385: 382: 380: 377: 376: 375: 372: 370: 367: 365: 362: 360: 357: 355: 352: 350: 347: 343: 340: 338: 335: 333: 330: 329: 328: 327:Great Retreat 325: 321: 318: 316: 313: 311: 308: 306: 303: 301: 298: 297: 296: 293: 289: 286: 284: 281: 279: 276: 275: 274: 271: 269: 266: 265: 263: 258: 253: 252:Western Front 245: 240: 238: 233: 231: 226: 225: 222: 214: 211: 209: 205: 204:Joseph Joffre 201: 198: 197: 192: 188: 176: 173: 159: 146: 135: 134: 129: 121: 118: 117: 112: 108:49.500; 2.833 83: 79: 75: 72: 71: 67: 64: 63: 59: 53: 48: 45: 41: 40:Western Front 36: 31: 26: 22: 6863: 6856: 6844: 6451: / 6383: 6218:Conscription 6182:Cryptography 6119:Iraqi Revolt 5553:Siege of Kut 5496: 5438: 5074:participants 5023:German Samoa 4957:South Arabia 4722:. Retrieved 4705: 4693:. Retrieved 4680: 4660: 4648:. Retrieved 4635: 4606: 4587: 4568: 4565:Terraine, J. 4546: 4534:. Retrieved 4521: 4509:. Retrieved 4492: 4472: 4460:. Retrieved 4447: 4431:. Retrieved 4419: 4414: 4394: 4375: 4356: 4353:Farndale, M. 4341:. Retrieved 4328: 4310: 4291: 4269: 4250: 4233: 4221:. Retrieved 4208: 4186: 4174: 4162: 4150: 4143:Sheldon 2010 4138: 4126: 4114: 4102: 4090: 4078: 4066: 4039: 4027: 4015: 4008:Doughty 2005 4003: 3996:Edmonds 1925 3981:Edmonds 1926 3976: 3969:Edmonds 1925 3954:Edmonds 1925 3939:Edmonds 1925 3924:Edmonds 1925 3919: 3912:Edmonds 1925 3907: 3900:Edmonds 1925 3895: 3888:Edmonds 1925 3883: 3876:Edmonds 1926 3856: 3849:Edmonds 1926 3844: 3837:Edmonds 1926 3832: 3812:, p. 6. 3795:Edmonds 1926 3790: 3783:Edmonds 1926 3768:Doughty 2005 3763: 3756:Doughty 2005 3751: 3744:Doughty 2005 3739: 3712: 3705:Edmonds 1926 3700: 3693:Edmonds 1926 3688: 3681:Doughty 2005 3676: 3669:Edmonds 1926 3664: 3657:Doughty 2005 3652: 3645:Doughty 2005 3640: 3628: 3621:Doughty 2005 3606:Doughty 2005 3601: 3594:Corbett 2009 3589: 3582:Edmonds 1925 3577: 3570:Corbett 2009 3565: 3558:Raleigh 1969 3553: 3546:Raleigh 1969 3541: 3534:Edmonds 1925 3529: 3522:Edmonds 1926 3517: 3505: 3493: 3481: 3437: 3432:, p. 9. 3425: 3413: 3401: 3389: 3377: 3342:, p. 7. 3335: 3323: 3311: 3299: 3287: 3282:, p. x. 3280:Sheldon 2010 3275: 3253:Doughty 2005 3248: 3241:Clayton 2003 3236: 3224: 3212: 3205:Edmonds 1926 3200: 3193:Edmonds 1925 3188: 3169: 3160: 3145:17 September 3137:17 September 3129:15 September 3115:17 September 3113:and in 1926 3107:15 September 3093: 3068:Polygon Wood 3059:5–8 November 3041: 3012: 2974: 2965: 2899:125,000 men, 2887:800,000 men, 2884: 2867: 2860: 2855: 2786: 2776: 2763: 2734: 2704: 2688: 2680: 2637: 2613: 2577: 2548:Indian Corps 2513: 2468: 2438: 2420:Lorette Spur 2404: 2382: 2324: 2319: 2298: 2248: 2228: 2185: 2145: 2132: 2119:8/9 October. 2111:1/2 October, 2094: 2069: 2036: 2022: 2000: 1951: 1937:Dover Patrol 1929:6–7 October, 1925:4/5 October. 1889: 1875:coup de main 1870: 1842: 1788: 1740: 1675: 1648: 1552: 1475: 1467:Valenciennes 1450: 1398: 1368: 1360:André Sordet 1332: 1283: 1266:14–20 August 1232: 1165: 1106: 1068: 1007: 964: 902:13 September 892:, after the 882:17 September 845: 843: 754: 695: 694: 654:Saint-Mihiel 622:Belleau Wood 605: 593: 592: 583:La Malmaison 539: 527: 526: 492:Kink Salient 460: 459: 455:Gas: Wieltje 401: 400: 373: 261: 131:Belligerents 38:Part of the 25: 6481:Netherlands 6458:Switzerland 6339:Occupations 6330:Spanish flu 6107:(1919–1922) 6101:(1918–1921) 6095:(1918–1923) 6084:(1919–1921) 6078:(1919–1921) 6072:(1919–1920) 6048:(1918–1920) 6042:(1918–1920) 6036:(1918–1920) 6018:(1918–1920) 6000:(1918–1920) 5994:(1917–1921) 5988:(1917–1921) 5935:(1916-1918) 5933:Arab Revolt 5924:(1915–1917) 5918:(1915–1917) 5906:(1914-1917) 5900:(1914–1917) 5894:(1914–1921) 5888:(1913–1920) 5876:(1910–1920) 5870:(1900–1920) 5368:July Crisis 5289:(1880–1914) 4952:Mesopotamia 4830:Home fronts 4789:World War I 4223:11 February 4083:Ferris 1992 2982:King Albert 2903:329,000 men 2741:November). 2503:Pont du Hem 2487:8–9 October 2479:Armentières 2350:, to a new 2320:subdivision 2129:German plan 1975:Netherlands 1845:3/4 August, 1471:von Beseler 1302:Neufchâteau 1243:7–10 August 1186:(OHL) from 1137:Fourth Army 799:Armentières 769:1st Picardy 674:2nd Cambrai 512:Boar's Head 502:Mont Sorrel 208:John French 106: / 6898:Categories 6698:Agreements 6498:War crimes 6374:Luxembourg 6267:Casualties 5145:Montenegro 4980:South West 4860:Technology 4850:Propaganda 4840:Opposition 4724:29 January 4709:. London: 4536:29 January 4511:7 February 4200:References 4191:Foley 2007 4131:Foley 2007 4095:Foley 2007 4059:Wynne 1976 4032:Foley 2007 4020:Foley 2007 3732:Foley 2007 3717:Foley 2007 3474:Foley 2007 3268:Foley 2007 3149:17 October 3133:17 October 3119:19 October 3111:15 October 3076:52,000 and 3055:Langemarck 2889:including 2881:Casualties 2791:Ausbeulung 2723:Pérenchies 2711:Erquinghem 2707:Steenwerck 2609:Wytschaete 2584:Hazebrouck 2352:Tenth Army 2156:(Colonel) 1620:Sixth Army 1616:Montmirail 1610:, towards 1608:Montdidier 1584:Ninth Army 1582:. The new 1409:Champenoux 1262:Sarrebourg 1188:1891–1906, 1125:Fifth Army 1049:Background 904:) and the 886:19 October 849:to the Sea 819:Langemarck 487:Wulverghem 450:3rd Artois 428:2nd Artois 396:1st Artois 122:Indecisive 6595:Diplomacy 6302:Olympians 6225:Australia 6192:Logistics 6125:Vlora War 6054:(1918–19) 6030:(1918–19) 6024:(1918–19) 6012:(1918–19) 5959:(1916–17) 5941:(1916–17) 5892:Zaian War 5882:(1914–15) 5609:first day 5497:Lusitania 5325:(1912–13) 5319:(1911–12) 5307:(1908–09) 5301:(1905–06) 5283:(1870–71) 5072:Principal 4932:Gallipoli 4835:Memorials 4820:Geography 4810:Aftermath 4719:610661991 4650:4 January 4567:(1992) . 4531:610661991 4457:785856329 4445:(1969) . 4428:838299944 4338:220044986 4218:154114243 3442:Tyng 2007 3418:Tyng 2007 3406:Tyng 2007 3382:Tyng 2007 3181:Footnotes 3141:7 October 3049:had lost 3037:Gheluvelt 3033:250 heavy 3015:Roeselare 2930: 50 2823:September 2745:Aftermath 2731:Radinghem 2719:Diksmuide 2644:Deûlémont 2601:Dranoutre 2532:Violaines 2528:Fromelles 2475:La Bassée 2332:Maricourt 2281:(General 2259:Ribécourt 2253:(General 2115:Abbeville 2106:St Mihiel 2098:Carlepont 2081:5–6 days. 1933:Zeebrugge 1612:Compiègne 1413:Lunéville 1352:Charleroi 1065:Plan XVII 1059:Plan XVII 944:Diksmuide 940:North Sea 862:‹See Tfd› 824:Gheluvelt 814:1st Ypres 669:5th Ypres 649:2nd Somme 627:2nd Marne 617:3rd Aisne 566:The Hills 561:2nd Aisne 522:Fromelles 517:1st Somme 467:The Bluff 433:Hébuterne 423:2nd Ypres 384:1st Ypres 364:1st Aisne 359:1st Marne 332:Le Cateau 310:Charleroi 295:Frontiers 6883:Category 6470:Refugees 6436:Italians 6425:Germans 6385:Ober Ost 6165:Aviation 5266:Timeline 5237:Bulgaria 5018:Tsingtao 4995:Togoland 4942:Caucasus 4877:European 4869:Theatres 4713:. 1922. 4695:11 March 4645:58962523 4506:17673086 4355:(1986). 4319:58962523 4290:(2005). 2847:December 2839:November 2750:Analysis 2628:Warneton 2616:Estaires 2580:St. Omer 2499:Givenchy 2495:Chocques 2483:Bailleul 2389:Wancourt 2385:Guémappe 2340:Thiepval 2336:Fricourt 2236:II Corps 2232:Chaulnes 2117:area on 2086:Lassigny 1881:Brussels 1791:Przemyśl 1782:Ober Ost 1768:General 1709:and the 1628:Pontoise 1564:Sermaize 1560:Varennes 1540:Soissons 1375:2nd Army 1371:3rd Army 1298:5th Army 1294:4th Army 1286:Mortagne 1278:7th Army 1274:6th Army 1258:Morhange 1206:Westheer 1173:Imperial 1150:Maubeuge 1129:Montmédy 1098:Commercy 1042:Westheer 936:Flanders 898:7 August 804:Messines 679:Courtrai 634:Soissons 573:Messines 540:Alberich 349:Maubeuge 305:Ardennes 300:Lorraine 268:Moresnet 200:Albert I 73:Location 6621:Germany 6521:Germany 6449:Germany 6369:Belgium 6354:Albania 6313:Disease 6293:Sports 6245:Ireland 6158:Warfare 6151:Aspects 5346:Origins 5339:Prelude 5242:Senussi 5222:Germany 5217:Leaders 5155:Romania 5096:Belgium 5091:Leaders 4990:Kamerun 4972:African 4907:Romania 4885:Balkans 4800:Outline 4690:2513009 4242:4945014 3023:Torhout 2850:11,079 2842:24,785 2834:30,192 2831:October 2826:15,189 2818:14,409 2810:Losses 2695:Méteren 2620:Comines 2594:and at 2546:of the 2540:Herlies 2412:Souchez 2272:Bapaume 2268:Péronne 2136:Prosnes 2124:Prelude 2090:Nampcel 1912:Dunkirk 1604:Dormans 1600:Sézanne 1580:Châlons 1576:Suippes 1556:Revigny 1536:Craonne 1520:La Fère 1516:Vervins 1391:Antwerp 1247:Belfort 1109:St. Dié 928:Picardy 644:Ailette 612:The Lys 606:Michael 588:Cambrai 482:Hulluch 477:St Eloi 369:Antwerp 187:Germany 145:Belgium 94:02°50′E 91:49°30′N 82:Belgium 42:of the 6641:Russia 6616:France 6444:Canada 6359:Serbia 6230:Canada 6187:Horses 6139:(1921) 6133:(1920) 6127:(1920) 6121:(1920) 6113:(1920) 6066:(1919) 6060:(1919) 6006:(1918) 5971:(1918) 5965:(1917) 5953:(1916) 5947:(1916) 5912:(1915) 5331:(1913) 5313:(1911) 5295:(1905) 5252:Darfur 5177:Serbia 5160:Russia 5123:Greece 5111:France 5101:Brazil 4947:Persia 4890:Serbia 4717: 4688: 4667: 4643: 4613: 4594: 4575: 4553: 4529: 4504: 4479: 4462:27 May 4455: 4433:25 May 4426: 4401: 4382: 4363: 4343:27 May 4336: 4317: 4298: 4276: 4257: 4240: 4216: 2986:sluice 2915:80,000 2861:95,654 2815:August 2807:Month 2781:rafale 2605:Kemmel 2596:Flêtre 2536:Illies 2524:Aubers 2491:Hinges 2424:Scarpe 2199:Battle 2153:Oberst 1920:Cassel 1904:Bruges 1596:Fismes 1572:Rethel 1532:Amiens 1500:Ostend 1484:Leuven 1458:Dinant 1425:Seille 1348:Longwy 1314:Stenay 1117:Second 1086:Verdun 1078:Épinal 932:Artois 910:France 906:German 866:German 853:French 779:Albert 774:Flirey 684:Sambre 639:Amiens 507:Verdun 337:Étreux 283:Dinant 184: 169: 158:France 155: 142: 119:Result 78:France 6838:Other 6631:Japan 6626:Italy 6453:camps 6297:Rugby 5133:Japan 5128:Italy 5106:China 5000:North 4418:[ 3085:Notes 2905:from 2856:Total 2765:Yser 2624:Menin 2586:from 2518:From 2508:Jäger 2471:Ypres 2407:Douai 1927:From 1908:Ghent 1898:Jäger 1718:Åland 1651:Libau 1626:, to 1624:Meaux 1592:Reims 1588:Marle 1574:, to 1508:Arras 1504:Lille 1462:Givet 1454:Fumay 1334:Liège 1133:Sedan 1121:Third 1113:First 1102:Namur 1082:Nancy 874:Dutch 789:Arras 551:Arras 534:Ancre 288:Namur 278:Liège 6418:POWs 5744:1918 5646:1917 5572:1916 5473:1915 5377:1914 5182:Siam 4985:East 4726:2014 4715:OCLC 4711:HMSO 4697:2014 4686:OCLC 4665:ISBN 4652:2014 4641:OCLC 4611:ISBN 4592:ISBN 4573:ISBN 4551:ISBN 4538:2014 4527:OCLC 4513:2014 4502:OCLC 4498:HMSO 4477:ISBN 4464:2014 4453:OCLC 4435:2021 4424:OCLC 4399:ISBN 4380:ISBN 4361:ISBN 4345:2014 4334:OCLC 4315:OCLC 4296:ISBN 4274:ISBN 4255:ISBN 4238:OCLC 4225:2014 4214:OCLC 3061:and 2897:was 2713:and 2603:and 2582:and 2501:and 2493:and 2477:and 2391:and 2348:Lens 2338:and 1960:and 1827:and 1690:the 1594:and 1538:and 1528:Roye 1524:Laon 1460:and 1415:and 1373:and 1364:Mons 1296:and 1276:and 1260:and 1119:and 1096:and 1084:and 934:and 847:Race 844:The 809:Yser 594:1918 556:Vimy 528:1917 461:1916 445:Loos 402:1915 379:Yser 315:Mons 262:1914 65:Date 2632:Lys 2334:to 2263:Ham 1407:to 1131:to 6900:: 4500:. 4051:^ 3988:^ 3961:^ 3946:^ 3931:^ 3868:^ 3817:^ 3802:^ 3775:^ 3724:^ 3613:^ 3464:^ 3449:^ 3362:^ 3347:^ 3260:^ 2927:c. 2871:c. 2652:c. 2538:, 2534:, 2414:, 2387:, 2354:. 2246:. 2092:. 1906:, 1868:. 1522:. 1502:; 1411:, 1366:. 1198:c. 1178:, 1152:. 1115:, 1080:, 1071:c. 962:. 930:, 876:: 872:, 868:: 859:; 855:: 6269:/ 4781:e 4774:t 4767:v 4673:. 4619:. 4600:. 4581:. 4559:. 4485:. 4407:. 4388:. 4369:. 4347:. 4321:. 4304:. 4282:. 4263:. 4244:. 4227:. 1778:( 1264:( 1088:– 981:( 896:( 851:( 746:e 739:t 732:v 243:e 236:t 229:v 23:.

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Index