606:, mode of flight is used. In this mode, the collective pitch ranges from its negative limit at 0% throttle stick input, up to its positive limit at 100% throttle stick. The throttle, on the other hand, is modulated automatically to maintain a constant rotor speed and is usually at its lowest value when the throttle stick is centered and the pitch is 0. This mode allows the rotor to produce a thrust upwards (by using negative pitch) which, when the model is inverted, allows sustained inverted flight. Usually a more advanced computer radio is used for this kind of flying, which allows customization of the throttle-collective mix.
20:
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67:
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28:
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36:
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128:). Controlling these in unison enables the helicopter to perform the same maneuvers as full-sized helicopters, such as hovering and backwards flight, and many other maneuvers that full-sized helicopters cannot, such as inverted flight (where collective pitch control provides negative blade pitch to hold heli up inverted, and pitch/yaw controls must be reversed by pilot).
59:
879:'Model' helicopters can be dangerous. Safety precautions, proper maintenance, and an understanding of the mechanics and flight characteristics of the models are necessary to prevent accidents. Modelers who fly at sanctioned sites are required to follow safety rules designated by national model aircraft organizations. In the United States, the
528:). 6th channel is often used for gyro gain. 7th channel commonly used for engine governor control for fuel powered models. Because of the normal interaction of the various control mechanisms, advanced radios include adjustable mixing functions, such as throttle/collective and throttle/rudder. Radio prices vary from $ 50–$ 3,000 USD.
193:), electric batteries, gasoline (petrol) and turbine engines. For the first 40 years, glow fuel helicopters were the most common type produced. However, in the last 10 years, electric powered helicopters have matured to a point where power and flight times are better, but typically not as long as glow fuel helicopters.
792:(UAV) flights have been upgraded to require formal FAA certification before being permitted to fly at any altitude in the United States. All commercial owners must register with FAA, as well as pass a knowledge test. Non-commercial operators must register only if the models they fly weigh more than 0.55 pounds (250g).
263:
In the past electric helicopters were used mainly indoors due to the small size and lack of fumes. Larger electric helicopters suitable for outdoor flight and advanced aerobatics have become a reality over the last few years and have become very popular. Their quietness has made them very popular for
648:
Additionally, the small size and low weight of R/C helicopters and their components means that control inputs, especially cyclic (pitch and roll) can have a very fast response, and cause a rotation rate much faster than the equivalent input might produce on a full-size aircraft. This quick response
629:
Construction is typically of plastic, glass-reinforced plastic, aluminium or carbon fiber. Rotor blades are typically made of wood, fiberglass or carbon fiber. Models are typically purchased in kit form from one of about a dozen popular manufacturers and take 5 to 20 hours to completely assemble.
598:
RC Helicopters usually have at least four controls: roll - cyclic pitch, elevator (fore-aft cyclic pitch), rudder (yaw) and pitch/throttle (collective pitch/power). For simple flight, the radio is usually configured such that pitch is around −1 degree at 0% throttle stick, and somewhere around 10
805:
Most RC helicopters make use of a handheld transmitter with an antenna that sends signals to the helicopter's receiver, usually a radio frequency of 27 MHz, 49 MHz, or 2.4 GHz. Infrared radios are also used by some models. Infrared radios have the disadvantage of potentially being
705:
F3N rules are designed to provide a consistent standard of judging throughout the World and give countries the chance to field a Team at a World championship hosted every two years. F3N is conducted in a similar manner as 3D Masters and 3DX with 3 round types made up of Set
Manoeuvres, Freestyle
311:
electric helicopters. The system's simple direction control and freedom from torque induced yaw have, in recent years, made it a good candidate on small models for beginner and/or indoor use. Models of this type, as in the case of a full-scale helicopter, eliminate rotational torque and can have
271:
The smallest remote-controlled production model helicopter made (Guinness World
Records 2014) is the Silverlit Nano Falcon XS sold at many toy stores (although this is infrared controlled, not radio), electronics stores and internet stores, costing about $ 30 (£28). The next smallest is the Nano
578:
With either method many radios can be transmitting at once without interfering with each other. The Futaba systems change frequency approximately every two milliseconds, so even if two transmitters are using the same channel they are not doing so for long. The pilot will not notice any abnormal
915:
Miniature helicopters are remotely controlled helicopters with a weight ranging from just a few grams to one hundred grams. Most in production are toys aimed at hobbyists and enthusiasts. In addition, there are many companies making prototypes for military and security applications. Miniature
558:
Starting with the
Spektrum DX6 park flyer transmitter system in 2006, RC flying began the departure from various lower frequencies which were subject to interference and were less reliable than the new spread spectrum protocols. Systems such as Spektrum and JR use the DSM2 and later, DSMX
582:
One downside to 2.4 GHz is that precautions must be taken during installation since certain materials such as carbon fiber can mask the signal. In some cases, satellite receivers with secondary antennas need to be used to maintain better line-of-sight with the
248:
Two small electric helicopters emerged in the mid-1990s. These were the Kalt
Whisper and the Kyosho EP Concept, flying on 7–8 × 1.2 Ah NiCad batteries with brushed motors. However, the 540-sized brushed-motors were on the limit of current draw, often 20–25
574:
employ frequency hopping on the 2.4 GHz band instead of the various frequencies in the lower MHz ranges. The advantage is that radios are no longer using a fixed frequency during flight, mitigating the risk of interference on that fixed frequency.
374:
to stabilize the aircraft. Multirotors are generally more affordable, easier to construct, and simpler to operate than RC helicopters. This made multirotor aircraft an appealing platform for amateur model aircraft projects and aerial photography.
231:
helicopter. The bigger and more powerful the engine, the larger the main rotor blade that it can turn and hence the bigger the aircraft overall. Typical flight time for nitro helicopters is 7–15 minutes depending on the engine size and tuning.
563:(DSSS) method, where they transmit on a pair of fixed channels chosen when the radio and receiver are turned on. Any subsequent systems would avoid using these channels and continue searching for another unused pair of channels.
906:
highlighted the possible dangers of remote controlled model helicopters when a 19-year-old enthusiast, who was very experienced in flying remote controlled helicopters, died after one of his helicopters' blades struck his head.
599:
degrees at 100% throttle stick. It is also necessary to modulate the throttle in conjunction with the pitch so that the model maintains a constant rotor speed. This is beneficial for consistent and smooth flight performance.
170:(LiPo) are now more common and provide improved efficiency, performance, and lifespan compared to brushed motors, while decreasing prices bring them within reach of hobbyists. Gasoline and jet turbine engines are also used.
323:
of the blades cannot be controlled, plus the cyclic control is only applied to the lower rotor. Compensating for even the slightest breeze causes the model to climb rather than to fly forward even with full application of
644:
The construction of helicopters has to be more precise than for fixed-wing model aircraft, because helicopters are susceptible to even the smallest of vibrations, which can cause problems when the helicopter is in flight.
260:(LiPo) batteries are able to provide the high current required for high performance aerobatics while still remaining very light. Typical flight times are 4–12 minutes depending on the flying style and battery capacity.
883:(AMA) publishes and updates safety rules for all model aircraft operations, including fixed and rotary wing models. In 2014, several organizations with interest in unmanned aircraft systems in partnership with the
491:
RC helicopters generally require between 3 and 7 channels for control (although micro helicopters that utilize a 2-channel infrared control system also exist). Small fixed-pitch helicopters use a 4-channel radio
687:, sometimes in a freestyle form, or in a predetermined set of moves drawn up by the organisers of the competition. There are a number of 3D competitions around the world, two of the best-known being the
579:
behavior of the model in the 1/500th of a second that they are interfering. This gives one the advantage of turning on a transmitter without regard to channels currently in use by other pilots' radios.
197:
777:, filming, policing, and remote observation or inspection, RC helicopters are not commonly used for commercial purposes. One notable exception is crop spraying with large RC helicopters such as the
702:
introduced the class of F3N as a provisional class for international 3D competition and in 2010 at the CIAM Plenary meeting, F3N gained formal approval for competition effective 1 January 2011.
223:, as well as gas, or gasoline as the fuel source). Original helicopter "classes" were based on the engine size. For example, a helicopter with a 0.30 cu in (4.9 cm) engine was a
319:
While a coaxial model is very stable and can be flown indoors even in tight quarters, such a helicopter has limited forward speed, especially outdoors. Most models are fixed-pitch, i.e. the
809:
Radio controls generally have two sticks used to control the movement of the helicopter. On a 4-channel transmitter, there are four different modes in which the control sticks can be set:
316:
model. Most cheaper models do not have a swashplate, but instead use a third rotor on the tail to provide pitch control. These helicopters have no roll control and have limited mobility.
595:
Learning to fly a collective pitch RC helicopter takes time and practice. Many modelers join a club so they can be instructed by experienced RC pilots, or follow on-line guides.
587:
radio. Another drawback is that a 2.4 GHz standard has yet to evolve so that receivers and transmitters can be mixed regardless of their respective manufacturer.
173:
Just like full sized helicopters, model helicopter rotors turn at high speeds and can cause severe injuries. Several deaths have occurred, some as recently as 2013.
845:. Controls are usually via a downloaded application from the helicopter's manufacturer, and often resemble physical stick controls on a transmitter, or utilize the
1801:
40:
1786:
2120:
1823:
1675:
993:
203:
Practical electric helicopters are a recent development but have rapidly developed and become more common, overtaking glow fuel helicopters in common use.
609:
The cyclic and yaw controls are not by definition different in these two modes, though 3D pilots may configure their models to be much more responsive.
143:) control to counter wind- and torque-reaction-induced tail movement. Most newer helicopters have gyro-stabilization on the other 2 axis of rotation (
1541:
931:, a prototype and basis for many production models. One final example is a one-off prototype and technology demonstration item that was developed by
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730:
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673:
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where there are strict noise restrictions. Nitro helicopters have also been converted to electric power by commercial and homemade kits.
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launched a new educational campaign to promote safe and responsible flying and provide guidance for hobbyists and commercial users.
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control) are more maneuverable than others. The more maneuverable designs are often harder to fly, but benefit from greater
1456:
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Some radio transmitters include a charging cable to charge the helicopter's battery using the transmitter's own batteries.
275:
Several models are in contention for the title of the smallest non-production remote-controlled helicopter, including the
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1339:
1116:
400:
Modern RC helicopters are generally classed by the length of the main blades (with few exceptions). Common classes are:
1993:
554:
DX6i 6-channel spread spectrum computerized aircraft radio which may be used for both helicopters and fixed-wing models
1842:
1085:
1813:
822:
Mode 4 – the left stick controls throttle and roll movements, while the right stick controls pitch and yaw movements.
819:
Mode 3 – the left stick controls pitch and roll movements, while the right stick controls throttle and yaw movements.
816:
Mode 2 – the left stick controls throttle and yaw movements, while the right stick controls pitch and roll movements.
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Mode 1 – the left stick controls pitch and yaw movements, while the right stick controls throttle and roll movements.
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567:
473:
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1978:
1936:
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rules, which for helicopters are labelled F3C. These include a predetermined routine of hovering and aerobatics.
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helicopters are also increasing in popularity, although the high cost puts them out of reach of most people.
136:
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Recent advancements in battery technology are making electric flying more feasible in terms of flying time.
1963:
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can make the model unnecessarily difficult to fly. For this reason, most model helicopters either have a
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These model helicopters contain many moving parts analogous to those on full-size helicopters, from the
328:. More advanced coaxial constructions with two swash plates and/or pitch control (common for full-scale
200:(eCCPM). Most earlier helicopters used mechanical mixing. Today, nearly all R/C helicopter use eCCPM.
101:, and flight training. Several basic designs of RC helicopters exist, of which some (such as those with
1735:
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1171:
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1220:
738:
94:
336:) have been realized as models in individual projects but have not seen the mass market as of 2014.
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Transmitters may include trims for each axis to correct any undesired movement of the helicopter.
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interfered by sunlight or fluorescent lights, making them more suited for indoor RC helicopters.
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1988:
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There have been two main types of systems to control the main rotors, mechanical mixing and
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536:
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871:, which the Wi-Fi enabled mobile device connects to and communicates with the helicopter.
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to control the collective (or throttle, on fixed pitch helicopters), the cyclic controls (
8:
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517:
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Examples of these types of miniaturized models are the E-Flite Blade CX and CX2 and the
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and a helicopter with a 0.90 cu in (14.7 cm) engine was referred to as a
2003:
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571:
284:
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1998:
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2008:
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The engines typically used to be methanol-powered two-stroke motors, but electric
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1983:
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163:
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117:
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90:
71:
1358:"50600 WiFli Helicopter User Manual INS-50600-FCC.ai Interactive Toy Concepts"
253:
on the more powerful motors, hence brush and commutator problems were common.
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2024:
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903:
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To reduce mechanical complexity and increase precision of the control of the
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121:
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This Heli-Max Axe Micro CX model helicopter is an example of a micro-sized
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extremely quick control response, both of which are very pronounced in a
272:
Falcon, which previously held the record for the smallest rc helicopter.
1910:
1905:
1853:
1690:
1579:
853:
838:
684:
657:
458: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
359:
353:
106:
66:
916:
helicopters are popular demonstrations for the latest technologies in
602:
If aerobatic '3D' performance is desired, then automatic throttle, or
74:
model. Note the size comparison with the cellular telephone at right.
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928:
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280:
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182:
27:
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46:
2039:
1900:
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1433:
1409:"Academy of Model Aeronautics National Model Airc raft Safety Code"
1186:"FrontPage - UAVP-NG - The Open Source Next Generation Multicopter"
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896:
622:
509:
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35:
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near his model helicopter. He had "severe head and arm injuries".
773:
While some companies make use of RC multicopters for low altitude
383:
Nitro RC helicopters are categorised under the following classes:
215:
The first RC helicopters have been powered by combustion engines (
1479:"Remote-Controlled Model Helicopter Fatally Strikes Its Operator"
924:
521:
501:
344:
265:
204:
695:
and the eXtreme Flight
Championship (XFC) in the United States.
547:
525:
508:); while collective-pitch models need a minimum of 5 channels (
505:
371:
131:
The various helicopter controls are effected by means of small
679:
An advanced form of RC helicopter flying is called 3D. During
264:
flying sites close to residential areas and in places such as
240:
952:
864:
788:
regulations from 2006 grounding all commercial RC model and
333:
295:
155:, so-called because it eliminates the need for a mechanical
58:
1457:"Tragic news from Switzerland involving a model helicopter"
1242:"Warning: FAA Says US Airspace Is Closed To ALL Commercial"
396:
90 size : Engine 0.9 cubic inch, Main Blades 690-710mm
390:
50 size : Engine 0.5 cubic inch, Main Blades 600-620mm
387:
30 size : Engine 0.3 cubic inch, Main Blades 550-600mm
852:
Infrared controlled helicopters can be controlled with an
672:
Aerobatic helicopter flying has historically followed the
303:
model helicopter, with a simplified coaxial rotor system.
895:
In July 2013, a 41-year-old Swiss man was found dead in
181:
Common power sources of remote control helicopters are
1375:
867:. The helicopter's built in computer creates its own
407:
Mini (240-420mm blades) - classically called 300–450.
362:
designs have become popular in both the RC hobby and
1683:
1200:"Difference Between 3,4, and 7 Channel Controllers"
535:(AM) to transmit their signals. In the late '70s,
210:
151:) as well. Such 3-axis gyro is typically called a
1340:"Air Hogs - The Leader in Remote Control Vehicles"
366:(UAV) research. These vehicles use an electronic
2133:
1476:
1454:
1495:
339:
1448:
1172:"How-To: Quadrocopter based on Arduino - Make"
727:The examples and perspective in this section
1669:
1535:
1384:"Safety Precautions With Remote Control Toys"
837:Some RC Helicopters can be controlled from a
31:Electric-powered Venom Air Corps Ocean Rescue
965:
139:sensor is typically used on the tail rotor (
97:because of the differences in construction,
23:Electric Trex 250 micro heli flying inverted
1549:
1470:
927:, a popular consumer model. Along with the
832:
176:
1676:
1662:
1542:
1528:
1401:
1017:
1015:
745:, or create a new section, as appropriate.
709:
1244:. Photography For Real Estate. 2012-01-24
1234:
761:Learn how and when to remove this message
474:Learn how and when to remove this message
244:The 252 km/h fast electric helicopter TDR
198:electronic cyclic/collective pitch mixing
910:
616:
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343:
294:
239:
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57:
45:
34:
26:
18:
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2134:
1477:J. David Goodman (September 5, 2013).
1114:
863:Another communications method used is
795:
700:Fédération Aéronautique Internationale
674:Fédération Aéronautique Internationale
1657:
1523:
653:or electronic stabilizing equipment.
2106:
1090:Intermediate/Advanced Outdoor Models
713:
456:adding citations to reliable sources
427:
393:60 size : Engine 0.6 cubic inch
135:motors, commonly known as servos. A
2116:
1741:Number of helicopters and heliports
13:
2035:Helicopter height–velocity diagram
542:
531:Early radio controls systems used
14:
2153:
2058:Mars Sample Retrieval Helicopters
1342:. 15 January 2013. Archived from
1315:"RC Helicopter Transmitter Modes"
1261:
1221:"Are RC helicopters hard to fly?"
1115:Iszech, Pavel (20 January 2010).
568:frequency-hopping spread spectrum
279:family of micro helicopters, the
166:combined with a high-performance
2115:
2105:
2095:
1979:Loss of tail-rotor effectiveness
1841:
1684:Helicopters and other rotorcraft
800:
718:
432:
211:Internal Combustion (Nitro, Gas)
1455:Everett Balmores (2013-07-11).
1426:
1350:
1332:
1307:
1281:
1255:
1213:
1192:
1178:
885:Federal Aviation Administration
786:Federal Aviation Administration
683:, helicopters perform advanced
612:
561:direct-sequence spread spectrum
443:needs additional citations for
416:700 (standard competition size)
404:Micro (under 200mm main blades)
378:
307:A recent innovation is that of
1964:Mast bumping and other hazards
1414:. Academy of Model Aeronautics
1164:
1139:
1108:
1078:
1057:
1036:
994:"Operating R/C Radio Controls"
986:
941:Seiko Epson Micro flying robot
937:International Robot Exhibition
860:interface on a mobile device.
849:built into the mobile device.
667:
662:cyclic/collective pitch mixing
539:(FM) became more commonplace.
486:
1:
1771:Wire strike protection system
1147:"ALMA Filmed with Hexacopter"
1044:"Understanding RC Heli Gyros"
958:
902:A September 2013 incident in
423:
2142:Radio-controlled helicopters
881:Academy of Model Aeronautics
706:Flight and Flight to Music.
621:Radio controlled model of a
340:Multirotor model helicopters
7:
2073:Radio-controlled helicopter
1802:Russian helicopter airlines
1503:"Epson Corporate: Newsroom"
946:
741:, discuss the issue on the
660:some model helicopters use
641:and everything in between.
590:
235:
80:radio-controlled helicopter
10:
2158:
1289:"How Remote Controls Work"
1123:(in Dutch). Archived from
1117:"RC Helicopters Archieven"
935:, and demonstrated at the
351:
290:
62:Electric-powered Syma S107
2091:
2017:
1956:
1919:
1850:
1839:
1779:
1698:
1689:
1626:
1605:
1557:
1386:. WhizToy. Archived from
1319:www.rc-airplane-world.com
1264:"Frequencies for RC Cars"
890:
874:
185:(also called nitro fuel,
93:which is distinct from a
2045:Human-powered helicopter
1932:Manufacturers by country
1824:U.S. Air Force squadrons
1092:. RCMods. Archived from
1023:"RC Helicopter Controls"
833:Phone and tablet control
177:Types of R/C helicopters
1792:Active Russian military
1787:Accidents and incidents
1551:Radio-controlled models
1065:"Flybarless Controller"
790:unmanned aerial vehicle
710:Commercial applications
364:unmanned aerial vehicle
168:lithium polymer battery
124:), and the tail rotor (
2083:Transverse flow effect
1989:Retreating blade stall
1638:Remote control vehicle
1382:C.Hatch (2013-10-13).
973:"Electric Helicopters"
626:
625:helicopter with pilot.
555:
349:
304:
245:
112:Flight controls allow
75:
63:
55:
43:
32:
24:
1643:Remote control animal
1434:"Know Before You Fly"
911:Miniature helicopters
739:improve this section
620:
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347:
298:
243:
153:flybarless controller
137:solid-state gyroscope
69:
61:
49:
38:
30:
22:
1942:Used in World War II
1809:NATO reporting names
729:may not represent a
537:frequency modulation
533:amplitude modulation
452:improve this article
796:Controlling methods
330:coaxial helicopters
2004:Servo transparency
1459:. RC Heli Resource
1295:. 10 November 2005
1174:. 13 January 2010.
775:aerial photography
627:
556:
350:
305:
285:Micro flying robot
246:
76:
64:
56:
44:
33:
25:
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2128:
2078:Search and rescue
1999:Vortex ring state
1952:
1951:
1889:Piasecki Aircraft
1879:Juan de la Cierva
1837:
1836:
1651:
1650:
1127:on 3 January 2017
858:3.5 mm audio jack
856:connected to the
771:
770:
763:
484:
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50:Electric-powered
41:Align T-rex 450SE
39:Electric-powered
2149:
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2099:
2068:List of aircraft
1974:Ground resonance
1969:Dynamic rollover
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1262:James, Michael.
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1151:ESO Announcement
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1000:on 7 August 2012
996:. Archived from
990:
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939:in Tokyo is the
869:wireless network
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721:
714:
566:Systems such as
514:collective pitch
479:
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436:
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321:collective pitch
283:family, and the
164:brushless motors
103:collective pitch
2157:
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410:500 (425-500mm)
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370:and electronic
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1096:on 9 July 2013
1086:"Buyers Guide"
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1505:. Epson.co.jp
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1390:on 2013-11-09
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1874:CarterCopter
1726:Disk loading
1716:Autorotation
1631:
1613:Drone racing
1606:Applications
1574:
1507:. Retrieved
1497:
1486:. Retrieved
1482:
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1461:. Retrieved
1450:
1438:. Retrieved
1428:
1416:. Retrieved
1403:
1392:. Retrieved
1388:the original
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1344:the original
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1125:the original
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1094:the original
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1002:. Retrieved
998:the original
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779:Yamaha R-MAX
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613:Construction
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490:
470:
464:October 2014
461:
450:Please help
445:verification
442:
399:
382:
379:Size classes
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187:nitromethane
180:
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99:aerodynamics
83:
79:
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54:Blade 400 3D
2121:WikiProject
1819:Ultralights
1691:Helicopters
1440:23 December
1156:6 September
1121:DroneVinder
933:Seiko Epson
668:Competition
585:transmitter
487:Transmitter
413:600 (600mm)
348:Hexacopter.
95:RC airplane
2009:Tailstrike
1927:Rotorcraft
1911:Rotor kite
1906:Monocopter
1854:rotorcraft
1706:Amphibious
1580:Quadcopter
1575:Helicopter
1509:2013-12-05
1488:2013-12-05
1463:2013-12-05
1418:27 October
1394:2013-12-07
1248:2013-12-05
1226:28 October
1205:23 January
1070:28 October
1049:28 October
1028:28 October
1004:28 October
978:28 October
959:References
854:IR blaster
839:smartphone
689:3D Masters
685:aerobatics
658:swashplate
635:swashplate
424:Radio gear
360:multirotor
354:Quadcopter
352:See also:
87:helicopter
2063:Jesus nut
2051:Ingenuity
2030:Cyclogyro
1597:Submarine
1367:25 August
1324:25 August
1299:25 August
1273:25 August
1268:LiveAbout
1131:2 January
929:Proxflyer
743:talk page
681:3D flying
281:Proxflyer
217:Glow fuel
183:glow fuel
107:aerobatic
2136:Category
2040:Helitack
1901:Gyrodyne
1869:Autogyro
1862:Articles
1797:Airlines
1751:Military
1731:Dynamics
1721:Backpack
1699:Articles
1632:See also
1565:Aircraft
947:See also
897:Mauensee
737:You may
623:Bell 222
591:Controls
552:Spektrum
518:elevator
510:throttle
498:elevator
494:throttle
277:Pixelito
236:Electric
229:90 class
225:30 class
191:methanol
2111:Commons
2018:Related
1957:Hazards
1766:Utility
925:Picoo Z
691:in the
604:idle up
522:aileron
502:aileron
372:sensors
309:coaxial
301:Lama V3
291:Coaxial
266:Germany
205:Turbine
72:coaxial
52:E-flite
1711:Attack
1570:Glider
1436:. 2014
1362:FCC ID
1100:29 May
891:Deaths
875:Safety
843:tablet
651:flybar
572:Futaba
526:rudder
524:, and
506:rudder
334:Kamovs
326:cyclic
157:flybar
114:pilots
82:(also
1920:Lists
1851:Other
1780:Lists
1756:Rotor
1558:Types
1412:(PDF)
953:IRCHA
865:Wi-Fi
639:rotor
332:like
221:nitro
219:, or
145:pitch
133:servo
118:pitch
89:) is
1587:Boat
1442:2014
1420:2014
1369:2022
1326:2022
1301:2022
1275:2022
1228:2014
1207:2015
1158:2013
1133:2017
1102:2013
1072:2014
1051:2014
1030:2014
1006:2014
980:2014
314:CCPM
251:amps
149:roll
147:and
122:roll
120:and
1592:Car
841:or
784:US
637:to
454:by
419:800
141:yaw
126:yaw
2138::
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299:A
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85:RC
78:A
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189:-
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