596:. The balloon-based radiofrequency procedure was invented by Robert A. Ganz, Roger Stern and Brian Zelickson in 1999 (System and Method for Treating Abnormal Tissue in the Human Esophagus). While the person is sedated, a catheter is inserted into the esophagus and radiofrequency energy is delivered to the diseased tissue. This outpatient procedure typically lasts from fifteen to thirty minutes. Two months after the procedure, the physician performs an upper endoscopic examination to assess the esophagus for residual Barrett's esophagus. If any Barrett's esophagus is found, the disease can be treated with a focal RFA device. Between 80 and 90% or greater of people in numerous clinical trials have shown complete eradication of Barrett's esophagus in approximately two to three treatments with a favorable safety profile. The treatment of Barrett's esophagus by RFA is durable for up to 5 years.
352:
meditation. Inhibition of the neural impulses that are believed to cause or worsen hypertension has been tried for a few decades. Surgical sympathectomy has helped but not without significant side effects. Therefore, the introduction of non-surgical means of renal denervation using a radiofrequency ablation catheter was enthusiastically welcomed. Although the initial use of radiofrequency-generated heat to ablate nerve endings in the renal arteries to aid in management of 'resistant hypertension' were encouraging, the most recent phase 3 studying looking at catheter-based renal denervation for the treatment of resistant hypertension failed to show any significant reduction in systolic blood pressure.
243:. Since the procedure was first introduced for the treatment of osteoid osteomas in the 1990s, it has been shown in numerous studies to be less invasive and expensive, to result in less bone destruction and to have equivalent safety and efficacy to surgical techniques, with 66 to 95% of people reporting freedom from symptoms. While initial success rates with RFA are high, symptom recurrence after RFA treatment has been reported, with some studies demonstrating a recurrence rate similar to that of surgical treatment. RFA is also increasingly used in the palliative treatment of painful
274:
31:
333:
using a coolant which flows through the catheter) which avoids the risk of complete heart block – a potential complication of radiofrequency ablation in this condition. Recurrence rates with cryoablation are higher, though. Microwave ablation, where tissue is ablated by the microwave energy "cooking" the adjacent tissue, and ultrasonic ablation, creating a heating effect by mechanical vibration, or laser ablation have also been developed but are not in widespread use.
3633:
216:
505:
RFA is a minimally invasive procedure which can usually be done in day-surgery clinics, going home shortly after completion of the procedure. The person is awake during the procedure, so risks associated with general anesthesia are avoided. Whether for back or knee pain, a drawback for this procedure
223:
RFA may be performed to treat tumors in the lung, liver, kidney, and bone, as well as other body organs less commonly. Once the diagnosis of tumor is confirmed, a needle-like RFA probe is placed inside the tumor. The radiofrequency waves passing through the probe increase the temperature within tumor
403:
The possibility of skin burn during the procedure is very small, because the large volumes (500 cc) of dilute
Lidocaine (0.1%) tumescent anesthesia injected along the entire vein prior to the application of radiofrequency provide a heat sink that absorbs the heat created by the device. Early studies
332:
Ablation is now the standard treatment for SVT and typical atrial flutter, In some conditions, especially forms of intra-nodal re-entry (the most common type of SVT), also called atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia or AVNRT, ablation can also be accomplished by cryoablation (tissue freezing
674:
using the heat energy of radio frequency waves to ablate the fibroid tissue. The Acessa device obtained FDA approval in 2012. The device is inserted via a laparoscopic probe and guided inside the fibroid tissue using an ultrasound probe. The heat shrinks the fibroids. Clinical data on the procedure
583:
knees indicated that ultrasound-guided bony landmarks could be used to effectively target the superior medial geniculate nerve, superior lateral geniculate nerve, and inferior medial geniculate nerve – the three nerves commonly targeted for knee RFA – with average nerve-to-needle distances of 1.7,
363:
ablation is a dermatosurgical procedure by using various forms of alternating current. Types of radiofrequency are electrosection, electrocoagulation, electrodessication and fulguration. The use of radiofrequency ablation has obtained importance as it can be used to treat most of the skin lesions
604:
Radiofrequency ablation has been used successfully on benign thyroid nodules for decades, most notably in Europe, South
America and Korea. In the United States, the FDA approved the use of RFA techniques for thyroid nodules in 2018. Since then, professional guidelines reflect its use as a viable
449:
that avoids collateral damage, which is crucial in the head and neck region due to its high density of major nerves and blood vessels. RFA also does not require high temperatures. However, overheating from misapplication of RFA can cause harmful effects such as coagulation on the surface of the
351:
is a very common condition, with about 1 billion people over the world, nearly 75 million in the US alone. Complications of inadequately controlled hypertension are many and have both individual and global impact. Treatment options include medications, diet, exercise, weight reduction and
329:. Radiofrequency ablation for AF can be unipolar (one electrode) or bipolar (two electrodes). Although bipolar can be more successful, it is technically more difficult, resulting in unipolar being used more often. But bipolar is more effective in preventing recurrent atrial arrhythmias.
231:
RFA can usually be administered as an outpatient procedure, though may at times require a brief hospital stay. RFA may be combined with locally delivered chemotherapy to treat hepatocellular carcinoma (primary liver cancer). A method currently in phase III trials uses the low-level heat
376:. It is an alternative to the traditional stripping operation. Under ultrasound guidance, a radiofrequency catheter is inserted into the abnormal vein and the vessel treated with radio-energy, resulting in closure of the involved vein. Radiofrequency ablation is used to treat the
2654:
Jasim S, Patel KN, Randolph G, et al. (April 2022). "American
Association of Clinical Endocrinology Disease State Clinical Review: The Clinical Utility of Minimally Invasive Interventional Procedures in the Management of Benign and Malignant Thyroid Lesions".
1198:
Weber MA, Sprengel SD, Omlor GW, et al. (April 25, 2015). "Clinical long-term outcome, technical success, and cost analysis of radiofrequency ablation for the treatment of osteoblastomas and spinal osteoid osteomas in comparison to open surgical resection".
625:
published an update in
Endocrine Practice, stating that the "new image-guided minimally invasive approaches appear safe and effective alternatives when used appropriately and by trained professionals to treat symptomatic or enlarging thyroid masses".
573:). Other sources indicate 4-5 genicular nerve targets may be justified for ablation to optimize pain relief, while a 2022 analysis indicated that as many as 10 genicular nerve targets for RFA would produce better long-term relief of knee pain.
2561:
Van
Vilsteren FG, Pouw RE, Seewald S, et al. (June 2011). "Stepwise radical endoscopic resection versus radiofrequency ablation for Barrett's oesophagus with high grade dysplasia or early cancer: a multicentre randomised trial".
659:
RFA is also used in radiofrequency lesioning for vein closure in areas where intrusive surgery is contraindicated by trauma, and in liver resection to control bleeding (hemostasis) and facilitate the transection process.
617:
issued the position statement "Thyroid ablative procedures provide valid alternative treatment strategies to conventional surgical management for a subset of patients with symptomatic benign thyroid nodules.
388:. The latter are connecting veins that transport blood from the superficial veins to the deep veins. Branch varicose veins are then usually treated with other minimally invasive procedures, such as
277:
Schematic view of a pulmonary vein ablation. The catheter reaches (from below) through the inferior vena cava, the right atrium and the left atrium, to the orifice of the left upper pulmonary vein.
1583:"Cryoablation Versus Radiofrequency Energy for the Ablation of Atrioventricular Nodal Reentrant Tachycardia (the CYRANO Study) : Results From a Large Multicenter Prospective Randomized Trial"
532:. Genicular nerve block is a short (10-30 minutes), outpatient procedure usually performed weeks before genicular RFA. The extent of pain reduction by injecting a local anesthetic, such as
232:(hyperthermia) created by the RFA probe to trigger release of concentrated chemotherapeutic drugs from heat-sensitive liposomes in the margins around the ablated tissue as a treatment for
502:
injections provide temporary pain relief, the injection is repeated a second time to confirm the diagnosis. Then RFA is performed on the nerve(s) that responded well to the injections.
637:
The procedure is similar to a thyroid biopsy, although instead of using a needle to remove cells from the nodule, a probe delivers heat to the interior of the nodule that effectively
547:) to each target genicular nerve, then the radiofrequency electrode is passed through the cannula, and the electrode tip is heated to about 80 °C (176 °F) for one minute to
536:, at specific locations of the target genicular nerves, is self-assessed by the person for hours after the procedure, leading to confirmation with the physician of the need for RFA.
172:
current (over previously used low frequency AC or pulses of DC) are that it does not directly stimulate nerves or heart muscle, and therefore can often be used without the need for
667:
in multiple gestation pregnancies. This has an acceptable success rate for saving the 'pump' twin in recent studies compared to previous methods including laser photocoagulation.
2312:
427:
2420:
Fleischer DE, Overholt BF, Sharma VK, et al. (2010). "Endoscopic radiofrequency ablation for
Barrett's esophagus: 5-year outcomes from a prospective multicenter trial".
565:. As of 2023, reviews of clinical outcomes indicated that efficacy for reducing knee pain was achieved by ablating three or more branches of the genicular nerve (one of the
1072:
576:
Knee pain relief of 50% or more following genicular RFA may last from several months to two years, and can be repeated by the same outpatient procedure when pain recurs.
950:
2336:"Can ultrasound-guided radiofrequency ablation of genicular nerves of the knee, be performed without locating corresponding arterial pulsations – a cadaveric study"
224:
tissue, which results in destruction of the tumor. RFA can be used with small tumors, whether these arose within the organ (primary tumors) or spread to the organ (
176:, and that it is specific for treating the desired tissue without significant collateral damage. Due to this, RFA is an alternative for eligible patients who have
2607:"General Principles for the Safe Performance, Training, and Adoption of Ablation Techniques for Benign Thyroid Nodules: An American Thyroid Association Statement"
2203:
1047:
2768:
Chuter GS, Chua YP, Connell DA, et al. (January 2013). "Ultrasound-guided radiofrequency ablation in the management of interdigital (Morton's) neuroma".
1155:
Rosenthal DI, Alexander A, Rosenberg AE, et al. (April 1, 1992). "Ablation of osteoid osteomas with a percutaneously placed electrode: a new procedure".
183:
Documented benefits have led to RFA becoming widely used during the 21st century. RFA procedures are performed under image guidance (such as X-ray screening,
554:
As of 2019, several hundred publications showed promise for substantial, long-term (6 months or longer) reduction of knee pain following genicular RFA.
309:. The energy-emitting probe (electrode) is at the tip of a catheter which is placed into the heart, usually through a vein. This catheter is called the
644:
In order to qualify for an RFA procedure, a person must have a clearly benign thyroid nodule, usually proven by two fine needle aspiration biopsies.
622:
984:
2754:
2272:"Comparative Effectiveness Review of Cooled Versus Pulsed Radiofrequency Ablation for the Treatment of Knee Osteoarthritis: A Systematic Review"
74:
70:
66:
58:
62:
1534:"Minimally Invasive Epicardial Surgical Ablation Alone Versus Hybrid Ablation for Atrial Fibrillation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis"
1293:
Rimondi E, Mavrogenis AF, Rossi G, et al. (August 14, 2011). "Radiofrequency ablation for non-spinal osteoid osteomas in 557 patients".
1250:
Rosenthal DI, Hornicek FJ, Torriani M, et al. (October 1, 2003). "Osteoid
Osteoma: Percutaneous Treatment with Radiofrequency Energy".
2872:
2230:"Review of cooled radiofrequency ablation utilization for the treatment of symptomatic advanced knee arthritis and total knee arthroplasty"
3581:
2907:
1008:"Long-term results of radiofrequency ablation treatment of stage I non-small cell lung cancer: a prospective intention-to-treat study"
551:
a small segment of the nerve. The heat destroys that segment of the nerve, which is prevented from sending pain signals to the brain.
3003:
119:
2385:
Ganz R, Utley D, Stern R, et al. (2004). "Complete
Ablation of Esophageal Epithelium Using a Balloon-based Bipolar Electrode".
400:. Currently, the VNUS ClosureRFS stylet is the only device specifically cleared by FDA for endovenous ablation of perforator veins.
641:
the tissue. Over the course of 3-6 months, the nodule will continue to shrink, typically achieving a 50-80% reduction total size.
2155:"Indications of the Neurotomy of Genicular Nerves by Radiofrequency for the Treatment of Knee Osteoarthritis: A Literature Review"
2088:"Genicular Nerve Radiofrequency Ablation for the Treatment of Painful Knee Osteoarthritis: Current Evidence and Future Directions"
528:, is clinically preceded by confirming pain reduction upon anesthetizing the main knee sensory nerves in a test procedure called
281:
Radiofrequency energy is used in heart tissue or normal parts to destroy abnormal electrical pathways that are contributing to a
3401:
2991:
3276:
752:
506:
is that nerves recover function over time, so the pain relief achieved lasts only temporarily (3–15 months) in most people.
491:. By generating heat around the nerve, the nerve is ablated, thus destroying its ability to transmit signals to the brain.
844:
445:. Unlike other electrosurgical devices, RFA allows very specific treatment targeting of the desired tissue with a precise
438:
413:
1812:"Management of Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Adults: A Clinical Practice Guideline From the American College of Physicians"
317:) before the responsible tissue is eliminated. Radiofrequency ablation technique can be used in AF, either to block the
3526:
3202:
3107:
2271:
3655:
3407:
1785:
561:
had approved in 2017 a commercial device using cooled RFA, with effects lasting for up to a year of pain relief from
1051:
893:"Safety and Efficacy of Radiofrequency Ablation of Thyroid Nodules-Expanding Treatment Options in the United States"
2865:
664:
3414:
3221:
2007:
869:
290:
1094:
721:
3514:
3211:
2128:
431:
1345:
3536:
342:
302:
2087:
1095:
Phase 3 Study of ThermoDox With
Radiofrequency Ablation (RFA) in Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC)
3670:
3660:
3521:
3509:
3390:
3037:
614:
558:
488:
294:
539:
In the procedure for genicular RFA, a guide cannula is first directed under local anesthesia and imaging (
3636:
2858:
3665:
1487:
2811:
Gurdezi S, White T, Ramesh P (2013). "Alcohol injection for Morton's neuroma: a five-year follow-up".
3468:
3358:
3161:
3112:
2902:
1362:
200:
3547:
3531:
2998:
2981:
691:
233:
192:
81:
46:
3543:
3485:
3350:
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419:
314:
313:. The practitioner first "maps" an area of the heart to locate the abnormal electrical activity (
1721:
3589:
2229:
1357:
1346:"Percutaneous Radiofrequency Coagulation of Osteoid Osteoma Compared with Operative Treatment*"
593:
515:
498:) around the medial branches prior to the RFA procedure to first confirm the diagnosis. If the
441:
is reviewed in that main article, including controversies and potential advantages in selected
389:
347:
A new indication for the use of radiofrequency technology has made news in the last few years.
306:
3620:
3424:
3345:
1853:"Electrosurgery in aesthetic and restorative dentistry: A literature review and case reports"
1624:"A Controlled Trial of Renal Denervation for Resistant Hypertension (SYMPLICITY HTN-3 Trial)"
318:
1828:
1811:
1083:
3594:
3151:
2964:
2959:
2850:
381:
377:
2204:"FDA Green Lights Halyard Health's Coolief for the Management of Osteoarthritis Knee Pain"
450:
electrode, boiling within tissue that can leave "a gaping hole", tears, or even charring.
8:
3473:
3451:
3137:
2976:
2949:
1483:"Use of Bipolar Radiofrequency Catheter Ablation in the Treatment of Cardiac Arrhythmias"
797:"Genicular Nerve Radiofrequency Ablation for Painful Knee Arthritis: The Why and the How"
679:
484:
173:
154:
142:
2631:
2606:
2362:
2335:
494:
The nerves to be ablated are identified through injections of local anesthesia (such as
3456:
3369:
3365:
3311:
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3247:
3168:
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2939:
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397:
298:
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236:(HCC). Radiofrequency ablation is also used in pancreatic cancer and bile duct cancer.
2398:
1599:
1582:
1500:
239:
RFA has become increasingly important in the care of benign bone tumors, most notably
3499:
3445:
3375:
3283:
3271:
3132:
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3020:
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1984:
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162:
53:
41:
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1768:
1395:
1330:
1236:
1168:
964:
745:
Sabiston textbook of surgery : the biological basis of modern surgical practice
605:
treatment modality for thyroid nodules, and the procedure is increasingly applied.
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3242:
3172:
3155:
3087:
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3055:
2840:
2820:
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904:
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808:
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499:
446:
372:
Radiofrequency ablation is a minimally invasive procedure used in the treatment of
150:
139:
131:
3571:
3493:
3340:
3330:
3316:
3207:
3177:
3083:
2912:
2897:
2529:
1024:
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385:
326:
247:
in people who are not eligible or do not respond to traditional therapies ( i.e.
244:
240:
169:
87:
2668:
629:- 2018: FDA approved the RFA procedure for treatment of benign thyroid nodules.
592:
Radiofrequency ablation has been shown to be a safe and effective treatment for
3478:
3463:
3259:
3236:
3067:
3051:
2986:
2707:
2352:
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1751:
1734:
562:
468:
373:
360:
286:
256:
196:
2781:
1306:
1263:
1212:
1123:
228:). The suitability of RFA for a particular tumor depends on multiple factors.
3649:
3615:
3335:
2954:
2824:
1970:
1549:
1446:
1379:
1314:
1271:
1220:
1176:
1073:
Daily
Telegraph – June 2008 – Lung cancer radiation treatment offers new hope
918:
909:
812:
638:
548:
393:
127:
2575:
2320:
2034:"Genicular Nerve Ablation Review Using Cooled-Radiofrequency Nerve Ablation"
1869:
135:
3380:
2832:
2789:
2725:
2676:
2640:
2583:
2547:
2490:
2441:
2433:
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2188:
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2111:
2067:
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1929:
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1708:
1649:
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1322:
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1141:
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830:
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are used to produce heat on specifically identified nerves surrounding the
348:
273:
252:
2622:
2481:
2464:
2288:
1640:
1623:
1387:
1184:
30:
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3300:
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2944:
2929:
2103:
544:
533:
472:
423:
322:
177:
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97:
3552:
3419:
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3092:
2755:"Brentwood medical company obtains FDA approval for new medical device"
1438:
682:
where the outcome appears to be more reliable than alcohol injections.
648:
540:
225:
204:
188:
146:
1154:
1105:
191:) by an interventional pain specialist (such as an anesthesiologist),
145:(in the range of 350–500 kHz). RFA is generally conducted in the
495:
464:
1850:
1423:"Percutaneous radiofrequency ablation of painful osseous metastases"
321:
after implantation of a pacemaker or to block conduction within the
1735:"Radiofrequency ablation as first-line treatment of varicose veins"
1399:
747:(19th ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders. p. 236.
520:
Radiofrequency ablation of sensory nerves in the knee, also called
442:
215:
158:
2153:
Ariel de Lima D, Gonçalves MC, Grando ST, et al. (May 2019).
2152:
1810:
Qaseem A, Holty, JE, Owens, DK, et al. (September 24, 2013).
1809:
1344:
Rosenthal DI, Hornicek FJ, Wolfe MW, et al. (June 1, 1998).
1249:
580:
184:
985:"'Cool' New Knee Procedure Eases Arthritis Pain Without Surgery"
404:
have shown a high success rate with low rates of complications.
3216:
2739:
2465:"Radiofrequency Ablation in Barrett's Esophagus with Dysplasia"
1106:
Hadjicostas P, Malakounides N, Varianos C, et al. (2006).
651:
thyroid nodules, although research into this topic is ongoing.
476:
2692:"Radiofrequency Ablation of Papillary Thyroid Microcarcinomas"
2514:"Durability of Ablation in Barrett's Esophagus with Dysplasia"
1851:
Bashetty K, Gururaj Nadig Sandhya Kapoor (November 19, 2009).
1421:
Dupuy DE, Liu D, Hartfeil D, et al. (February 15, 2010).
1343:
1292:
3565:
3395:
3226:
3071:
2886:
2334:
Kolakkanni C, Gonnade NM, Gaur R, et al. (August 2023).
1942:
566:
123:
2880:
2605:
Sinclair CF, Baek JH, Hands KE, et al. (October 2023).
2086:
Conger A, Gililland J, Anderson L, et al. (July 2021).
2512:
Shaheen NJ, Overholt BF, Sampliner RE, et al. (2011).
2333:
2085:
1670:
1084:
BBC News- 16 January 2009 – Liver tumours 'microwaved away'
891:
Hussain I, Zulfiqar F, Li X, et al. (August 1, 2021).
1945:"A History of the Development of Radiofrequency Neurotomy"
1790:
American Academy of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery
1048:"NHS, June 2008 – Radiofrequency ablation for lung cancer"
982:
2767:
219:
CT scan showing radiofrequency ablation of a liver lesion
2560:
2511:
1621:
1197:
1005:
647:
As of 2020, RFA is not recommended for the treatment of
2689:
2653:
2463:
Shaheen NJ, Sharma P, Overholt BF, et al. (2009).
2419:
1673:"Skin resurfacing procedures: new and emerging options"
1671:
Loesch MM, Somani AK, Kingsley MM, et al. (2014).
1622:
Bhatt DL, Kandzari KE, O'Neill WW, et al. (2014).
795:
Kidd VD, Strum SR, Strum DS, et al. (March 2019).
2757:. San Jose, CA: The Mercury News, Digital First Media.
2604:
2313:"How I Do It: Genicular Nerve Radiofrequency Ablation"
2032:
Tran A, Reiter DA, Cruz AR, et al. (April 2022).
2031:
1732:
1581:
Deisenhofer I, Zrenner B, Yin YH, et al. (2010).
890:
414:
Obstructive sleep apnea § Radiofrequency ablation
2462:
2269:
1943:
Russo M, Santarelli D, Wright R, et al. (2021).
1580:
1420:
1006:
Ambrogi MC, Fanucchi O, Cioni R, et al. (2011).
742:
2690:Rangel LG, Steck JH, Volpi EM, et al. (2022).
422:(OSA) in a pig model. RFA has been recognized as a
199:, a gastrointestinal or surgical endoscopist, or a
2810:
794:
1786:"Submucosal Ablation of the Tongue Base for OSAS"
623:American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists
3647:
2310:
1904:"Temperature Controlled Radiofrequency Ablation"
1733:Avery J, Kumar K, Thakur V, et al. (2014).
1531:
608:
336:
2201:
1476:
1474:
426:treatment option in selected situations by the
2384:
1108:"Radiofrequency ablation in pancreatic cancer"
983:Dunn, Lauren, Gussone, Felix (June 13, 2017).
118:, is a medical procedure in which part of the
2866:
2008:"Radiofrequency ablation for pain management"
1780:
1778:
870:"Radiofrequency Ablation for Pain Management"
724:. National Cancer Institute. February 2, 2011
722:"Fulguration: NCI Dictionary of Cancer Terms"
364:with minimal side effects and complications.
2227:
1525:
1480:
1471:
430:but was not endorsed for general use in the
2752:
2908:Cardiology diagnostic tests and procedures
2873:
2859:
2223:
2221:
2027:
2025:
1775:
407:
29:
3004:Transcatheter pulmonary valve replacement
2715:
2630:
2537:
2480:
2361:
2351:
2287:
2270:Gupta A, Huettner DP, Dukewich M (2017).
2178:
2123:
2121:
2081:
2079:
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2002:
2000:
1998:
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1960:
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1598:
1557:
1538:Arrhythmia & Electrophysiology Review
1508:
1454:
1361:
1131:
1023:
926:
908:
820:
663:This process has also been used to treat
487:called the lumbar medial branches of the
355:
120:electrical conduction system of the heart
3047:shunt from heart chamber to blood vessel
2598:
2265:
2263:
2148:
2146:
516:Nerve block § Genicular nerve block
272:
214:
3147:shunt from blood vessel to blood vessel
2218:
2022:
1829:10.7326/0003-4819-159-7-201310010-00704
1722:Endovenous ablation of perforator veins
790:
788:
786:
784:
736:
471:to treat chronic pain arising from the
3648:
2683:
2118:
2074:
1995:
1803:
864:
862:
782:
780:
778:
776:
774:
772:
770:
768:
766:
764:
587:
3277:Valve-sparing aortic root replacement
3016:enlargement of existing septal defect
2854:
2647:
2327:
2260:
2143:
1532:Pearman CM, Poon SS, Gupta D (2017).
978:
976:
974:
678:RFA is also used in the treatment of
35:Tissue ablation using radiofrequency.
3011:production of septal defect in heart
2038:Seminars in Interventional Radiology
1901:
965:"Radiofrequency ablation for cancer"
2311:Greco G, Torres J, Kohan L (2022).
953:. American Heart Association. 2017.
859:
837:
761:
180:or do not want to undergo surgery.
13:
3108:transposition of the great vessels
3033:creation of septal defect in heart
2202:Jessup, Cynthia (April 21, 2017).
2131:. Cleveland Clinic. March 17, 2023
2010:. Cleveland Clinic. March 14, 2022
971:
872:. Cleveland Clinic. March 14, 2022
801:JBJS Essential Surgical Techniques
675:show an average of 45% shrinkage.
599:
453:
428:American Academy of Otolaryngology
14:
3682:
3408:Cardiac resynchronization therapy
2753:King, Paula (December 10, 2012).
1857:Journal of Conservative Dentistry
1600:10.1161/circulationaha.110.970350
1501:10.2174/1573403X14666180524100608
489:dorsal ramus of the spinal nerves
367:
3632:
3631:
2315:. ASRA Pain Medicine News, #47.
1372:10.2106/00004623-199806000-00005
897:Journal of the Endocrine Society
3415:Left atrial appendage occlusion
2804:
2761:
2746:
2732:
2554:
2505:
2469:New England Journal of Medicine
2456:
2413:
2378:
2304:
2195:
2159:Revista Brasileira De Ortopedia
1936:
1895:
1844:
1726:
1715:
1664:
1615:
1574:
1414:
1337:
1286:
1243:
1191:
1169:10.1148/radiology.183.1.1549690
1148:
1099:
1088:
1077:
1066:
1040:
999:
584:3.2, and 1.8 mm, respectively.
957:
943:
884:
714:
439:RFA in obstructive sleep apnea
432:American College of Physicians
161:, it is called radiofrequency
138:using the heat generated from
1:
3537:Radionuclide ventriculography
2399:10.1016/s0016-5107(04)02220-5
2340:BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders
1677:Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol
743:Courtney M. Townsend (2012).
707:
654:
609:Timeline in the United States
343:Renal sympathetic denervation
337:Renal sympathetic denervation
303:Multifocal Atrial Tachycardia
262:
3522:Myocardial perfusion imaging
2530:10.1053/j.gastro.2011.04.061
2228:Tran A, Gonzalez FM (2023).
1908:Indian Pacing Electrophysiol
1025:10.1097/JTO.0b013e31822d538d
847:. Mayo Clinic. April 6, 2024
632:
615:American Thyroid Association
559:Food and Drug Administration
437:The clinical application of
295:supraventricular tachycardia
7:
2669:10.1016/j.eprac.2022.02.011
1816:Annals of Internal Medicine
1481:Soucek F, Starek Z (2018).
685:
259:or analgesic medications).
201:cardiac electrophysiologist
157:. When it is delivered via
10:
3687:
3129:for univentricular defect
2708:10.1016/j.aace.2022.02.005
2696:AACE Clinical Case Reports
2387:Gastrointestinal Endoscopy
2353:10.1186/s12891-023-06761-8
2246:10.1007/s00256-022-04058-w
1752:10.1177/000313481408000316
1488:Current Cardiology Reviews
951:"Ablation for Arrhythmias"
845:"Radiofrequency neurotomy"
513:
411:
340:
285:. It is used in recurrent
266:
193:interventional radiologist
3629:
3608:
3580:
3469:Implantable loop recorder
3437:
3292:
3188:
3113:Arterial switch operation
2928:
2921:
2903:Interventional cardiology
2893:
2782:10.1007/s00256-012-1527-x
2740:"Acessa Health Procedure"
1307:10.1007/s00330-011-2240-1
1264:10.1148/radiol.2291021053
1213:10.1007/s00256-015-2139-z
1124:10.1080/13651820500466673
418:RFA was first studied in
210:
94:
80:
52:
40:
28:
23:
3656:Interventional radiology
3548:Coronary catheterization
3038:Blalock–Hanlon procedure
2999:Mitral valve replacement
2982:Aortic valve replacement
2825:10.1177/1071100713489555
1949:Journal of Pain Research
1902:Eick OJ (July 1, 2002).
813:10.2106/JBJS.ST.18.00016
692:Interventional radiology
509:
325:, especially around the
305:(MAT) and some types of
234:hepatocellular carcinoma
149:setting, using either a
47:Interventional radiology
16:Interventional procedure
3544:Cardiac catheterization
3486:Electrophysiology study
3386:Radiofrequency ablation
3351:Alcohol septal ablation
2576:10.1136/gut.2010.229310
2321:10.52211/asra020122.006
2129:"Genicular nerve block"
1870:10.4103/0972-0707.58332
579:An anatomical study of
458:
420:obstructive sleep apnea
408:Obstructive sleep apnea
315:electrophysiology study
245:metastatic bone disease
108:Radiofrequency ablation
24:Radiofrequency ablation
3590:Impedance cardiography
3212:Coronary artery bypass
2434:10.1055/s-0030-1255779
2171:10.1055/s-0039-1692121
2050:10.1055/s-0042-1745797
1550:10.15420/aer/2017.29.2
910:10.1210/jendso/bvab110
390:ambulatory phlebectomy
356:Aesthetics dermatology
307:ventricular arrhythmia
278:
255:, palliative surgery,
220:
3621:Transcutaneous pacing
3425:Heart transplantation
3346:Ventricular reduction
3162:Blalock–Taussig shunt
2623:10.1089/thy.2023.0281
2482:10.1056/NEJMoa0808145
2289:10.36076/ppj.2017.171
1641:10.1056/NEJMoa1402670
670:RFA is used to treat
530:genicular nerve block
319:atrioventricular node
276:
218:
3595:Ballistocardiography
3152:systemic circulation
2098:(Suppl 1): S20–S23.
1350:J Bone Joint Surg Am
987:. NBC News, New York
967:. Mayo Clinic. 2017.
481:Radiofrequency waves
382:small saphenous vein
378:great saphenous vein
203:, a subspecialty of
3671:Medical terminology
3661:Vascular procedures
3474:Cardiac stress test
3452:Electrocardiography
3391:Pacemaker insertion
3138:Kawashima procedure
3102:compound procedures
2977:Aortic valve repair
2950:Mitral valve repair
1962:10.2147/JPR.S334862
1690:10.2147/CCID.S50367
594:Barrett's esophagus
588:Barrett's esophagus
522:genicular neurotomy
467:, was developed by
447:line of demarcation
291:atrial fibrillation
155:twilight anesthesia
143:alternating current
130:or a dysfunctional
3527:Cardiovascular MRI
3457:Vectorcardiography
3312:Pericardial window
3307:Pericardiocentesis
3248:Drug-eluting stent
3077:Rastelli procedure
3026:Balloon septostomy
2657:Endocrine Practice
2234:Skeletal Radiology
2104:10.1093/pm/pnab129
1439:10.1002/cncr.24837
1402:on October 6, 2016
1295:European Radiology
1201:Skeletal Radiology
443:medical situations
398:foam sclerotherapy
299:atrial tachycardia
283:cardiac arrhythmia
279:
221:
174:general anesthesia
168:Two advantages of
3666:Surgical oncology
3643:
3642:
3500:Angiocardiography
3446:Electrophysiology
3433:
3432:
3376:Catheter ablation
3359:Conduction system
3284:LeCompte maneuver
3272:Bentall procedure
3133:Norwood procedure
3123:Senning procedure
3118:Mustard procedure
3021:Atrial septostomy
2972:Valve replacement
2617:(10): 1150–1170.
754:978-1-4377-1560-6
269:Catheter ablation
249:radiation therapy
197:otolaryngologists
163:catheter ablation
105:
104:
3678:
3635:
3634:
3600:Cardiotocography
3568:
3532:Ventriculography
3505:Echocardiography
3496:
3448:
3364:Maze procedure (
3361:
3327:
3303:
3256:
3255:Obstacle removal
3243:Bare-metal stent
3239:
3199:
3156:pulmonary artery
3148:
3103:
3088:pulmonary artery
3061:Fontan procedure
3056:pulmonary artery
3048:
3012:
2926:
2925:
2875:
2868:
2861:
2852:
2851:
2845:
2844:
2808:
2802:
2801:
2765:
2759:
2758:
2750:
2744:
2743:
2736:
2730:
2729:
2719:
2687:
2681:
2680:
2651:
2645:
2644:
2634:
2602:
2596:
2595:
2558:
2552:
2551:
2541:
2518:Gastroenterology
2509:
2503:
2502:
2484:
2460:
2454:
2453:
2417:
2411:
2410:
2382:
2376:
2375:
2365:
2355:
2331:
2325:
2324:
2308:
2302:
2301:
2291:
2267:
2258:
2257:
2225:
2216:
2215:
2213:
2211:
2199:
2193:
2192:
2182:
2150:
2141:
2140:
2138:
2136:
2125:
2116:
2115:
2083:
2072:
2071:
2061:
2029:
2020:
2019:
2017:
2015:
2004:
1993:
1992:
1982:
1964:
1940:
1934:
1933:
1923:
1899:
1893:
1892:
1882:
1872:
1848:
1842:
1841:
1831:
1807:
1801:
1800:
1798:
1796:
1782:
1773:
1772:
1754:
1730:
1724:
1719:
1713:
1712:
1702:
1692:
1668:
1662:
1661:
1643:
1634:(15): 1393–401.
1619:
1613:
1612:
1602:
1578:
1572:
1571:
1561:
1529:
1523:
1522:
1512:
1478:
1469:
1468:
1458:
1418:
1412:
1411:
1409:
1407:
1398:. Archived from
1365:
1363:10.1.1.1018.5024
1341:
1335:
1334:
1290:
1284:
1283:
1247:
1241:
1240:
1195:
1189:
1188:
1152:
1146:
1145:
1135:
1103:
1097:
1092:
1086:
1081:
1075:
1070:
1064:
1063:
1061:
1059:
1050:. Archived from
1044:
1038:
1037:
1027:
1003:
997:
996:
994:
992:
980:
969:
968:
961:
955:
954:
947:
941:
940:
930:
912:
888:
882:
881:
879:
877:
866:
857:
856:
854:
852:
841:
835:
834:
824:
792:
759:
758:
740:
734:
733:
731:
729:
718:
702:Heart arrhythmia
680:Morton's neuroma
672:uterine fibroids
569:branches of the
500:local anesthesia
386:perforator veins
241:osteoid osteomas
151:local anesthetic
140:medium frequency
98:edit on Wikidata
90:
33:
21:
20:
3686:
3685:
3681:
3680:
3679:
3677:
3676:
3675:
3646:
3645:
3644:
3639:
3625:
3604:
3576:
3572:Phonocardiogram
3564:
3494:Cardiac imaging
3492:
3444:
3429:
3357:
3341:Septal myectomy
3331:Cardiomyoplasty
3323:
3317:Pericardiectomy
3299:
3288:
3254:
3235:
3195:
3189:Cardiac vessels
3184:
3178:Glenn procedure
3146:
3101:
3084:right ventricle
3046:
3010:
2932:
2917:
2913:Cardiac imaging
2898:Cardiac surgery
2889:
2879:
2849:
2848:
2809:
2805:
2770:Skeletal Radiol
2766:
2762:
2751:
2747:
2738:
2737:
2733:
2688:
2684:
2652:
2648:
2603:
2599:
2559:
2555:
2510:
2506:
2475:(22): 2277–88.
2461:
2457:
2418:
2414:
2383:
2379:
2332:
2328:
2309:
2305:
2268:
2261:
2226:
2219:
2209:
2207:
2200:
2196:
2151:
2144:
2134:
2132:
2127:
2126:
2119:
2084:
2075:
2030:
2023:
2013:
2011:
2006:
2005:
1996:
1941:
1937:
1900:
1896:
1849:
1845:
1808:
1804:
1794:
1792:
1784:
1783:
1776:
1731:
1727:
1720:
1716:
1669:
1665:
1620:
1616:
1593:(22): 2239–45.
1579:
1575:
1530:
1526:
1479:
1472:
1419:
1415:
1405:
1403:
1342:
1338:
1291:
1287:
1248:
1244:
1196:
1192:
1153:
1149:
1104:
1100:
1093:
1089:
1082:
1078:
1071:
1067:
1057:
1055:
1054:on June 7, 2016
1046:
1045:
1041:
1018:(12): 2044–51.
1004:
1000:
990:
988:
981:
972:
963:
962:
958:
949:
948:
944:
889:
885:
875:
873:
868:
867:
860:
850:
848:
843:
842:
838:
793:
762:
755:
741:
737:
727:
725:
720:
719:
715:
710:
697:Radio frequency
688:
657:
635:
611:
602:
600:Thyroid nodules
590:
518:
512:
461:
456:
454:Pain management
416:
410:
370:
358:
345:
339:
327:pulmonary veins
271:
265:
257:bisphosphonates
213:
170:radio frequency
114:), also called
101:
86:
36:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3684:
3674:
3673:
3668:
3663:
3658:
3641:
3640:
3630:
3627:
3626:
3624:
3623:
3618:
3612:
3610:
3606:
3605:
3603:
3602:
3597:
3592:
3586:
3584:
3582:Function tests
3578:
3577:
3575:
3574:
3569:
3561:
3560:
3555:
3550:
3541:
3540:
3539:
3529:
3524:
3519:
3518:
3517:
3512:
3502:
3497:
3489:
3488:
3483:
3482:
3481:
3479:Bruce protocol
3471:
3466:
3464:Holter monitor
3461:
3460:
3459:
3449:
3441:
3439:
3435:
3434:
3431:
3430:
3428:
3427:
3422:
3417:
3411:
3410:
3405:
3399:
3393:
3388:
3383:
3378:
3373:
3362:
3354:
3353:
3348:
3343:
3338:
3333:
3328:
3320:
3319:
3314:
3309:
3304:
3296:
3294:
3290:
3289:
3287:
3286:
3280:
3279:
3274:
3268:
3267:
3262:
3260:Endarterectomy
3257:
3251:
3250:
3245:
3240:
3237:Coronary stent
3232:
3231:
3230:
3229:
3224:
3219:
3205:
3200:
3192:
3190:
3186:
3185:
3183:
3182:
3181:
3180:
3166:
3165:
3164:
3149:
3143:
3142:
3141:
3140:
3135:
3127:
3126:
3125:
3120:
3115:
3104:
3098:
3097:
3096:
3095:
3081:
3080:
3079:
3068:left ventricle
3065:
3064:
3063:
3049:
3043:
3042:
3041:
3040:
3030:
3029:
3028:
3023:
3013:
3007:
3006:
3001:
2996:
2995:
2994:
2989:
2987:Ross procedure
2979:
2974:
2969:
2968:
2967:
2962:
2952:
2947:
2942:
2936:
2934:
2923:
2919:
2918:
2916:
2915:
2910:
2905:
2900:
2894:
2891:
2890:
2885:involving the
2878:
2877:
2870:
2863:
2855:
2847:
2846:
2819:(8): 1064–67.
2813:Foot Ankle Int
2803:
2760:
2745:
2731:
2682:
2663:(4): 433–448.
2646:
2597:
2553:
2504:
2455:
2428:(10): 781–89.
2412:
2393:(6): 1002–10.
2377:
2326:
2303:
2282:(3): 155–171.
2276:Pain Physician
2259:
2240:(5): 941–949.
2217:
2194:
2165:(3): 233–240.
2142:
2117:
2073:
2044:(2): 130–137.
2021:
1994:
1935:
1894:
1843:
1802:
1774:
1725:
1714:
1663:
1614:
1573:
1544:(4): 202–209.
1524:
1495:(3): 185–191.
1470:
1413:
1336:
1285:
1242:
1190:
1147:
1098:
1087:
1076:
1065:
1039:
1012:J Thorac Oncol
998:
970:
956:
942:
903:(8): bvab110.
883:
858:
836:
760:
753:
735:
712:
711:
709:
706:
705:
704:
699:
694:
687:
684:
656:
653:
634:
631:
610:
607:
601:
598:
589:
586:
563:knee arthritis
511:
508:
475:in the lower (
469:Nikolai Bogduk
460:
457:
455:
452:
412:Main article:
409:
406:
374:varicose veins
369:
368:Varicose veins
366:
361:Radiofrequency
357:
354:
338:
335:
287:atrial flutter
264:
261:
212:
209:
128:sensory nerves
103:
102:
95:
92:
91:
84:
78:
77:
56:
50:
49:
44:
38:
37:
34:
26:
25:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3683:
3672:
3669:
3667:
3664:
3662:
3659:
3657:
3654:
3653:
3651:
3638:
3628:
3622:
3619:
3617:
3616:Cardioversion
3614:
3613:
3611:
3607:
3601:
3598:
3596:
3593:
3591:
3588:
3587:
3585:
3583:
3579:
3573:
3570:
3567:
3563:
3562:
3559:
3556:
3554:
3551:
3549:
3545:
3542:
3538:
3535:
3534:
3533:
3530:
3528:
3525:
3523:
3520:
3516:
3513:
3511:
3508:
3507:
3506:
3503:
3501:
3498:
3495:
3491:
3490:
3487:
3484:
3480:
3477:
3476:
3475:
3472:
3470:
3467:
3465:
3462:
3458:
3455:
3454:
3453:
3450:
3447:
3443:
3442:
3440:
3436:
3426:
3423:
3421:
3418:
3416:
3413:
3412:
3409:
3406:
3403:
3400:
3397:
3394:
3392:
3389:
3387:
3384:
3382:
3379:
3377:
3374:
3371:
3367:
3363:
3360:
3356:
3355:
3352:
3349:
3347:
3344:
3342:
3339:
3337:
3336:Dor procedure
3334:
3332:
3329:
3326:
3322:
3321:
3318:
3315:
3313:
3310:
3308:
3305:
3302:
3298:
3297:
3295:
3291:
3285:
3282:
3281:
3278:
3275:
3273:
3270:
3269:
3266:
3263:
3261:
3258:
3253:
3252:
3249:
3246:
3244:
3241:
3238:
3234:
3233:
3228:
3225:
3223:
3220:
3218:
3215:
3214:
3213:
3209:
3206:
3204:
3201:
3198:
3194:
3193:
3191:
3187:
3179:
3176:
3175:
3174:
3171:to the right
3170:
3167:
3163:
3160:
3159:
3157:
3153:
3150:
3145:
3144:
3139:
3136:
3134:
3131:
3130:
3128:
3124:
3121:
3119:
3116:
3114:
3111:
3110:
3109:
3105:
3100:
3099:
3094:
3091:
3090:
3089:
3085:
3082:
3078:
3075:
3074:
3073:
3069:
3066:
3062:
3059:
3058:
3057:
3053:
3050:
3045:
3044:
3039:
3036:
3035:
3034:
3031:
3027:
3024:
3022:
3019:
3018:
3017:
3014:
3009:
3008:
3005:
3002:
3000:
2997:
2993:
2992:Transcatheter
2990:
2988:
2985:
2984:
2983:
2980:
2978:
2975:
2973:
2970:
2966:
2963:
2961:
2958:
2957:
2956:
2955:Valvuloplasty
2953:
2951:
2948:
2946:
2943:
2941:
2938:
2937:
2935:
2931:
2927:
2924:
2920:
2914:
2911:
2909:
2906:
2904:
2901:
2899:
2896:
2895:
2892:
2888:
2884:
2876:
2871:
2869:
2864:
2862:
2857:
2856:
2853:
2842:
2838:
2834:
2830:
2826:
2822:
2818:
2814:
2807:
2799:
2795:
2791:
2787:
2783:
2779:
2776:(1): 107–11.
2775:
2771:
2764:
2756:
2749:
2741:
2735:
2727:
2723:
2718:
2713:
2709:
2705:
2702:(2): 99–101.
2701:
2697:
2693:
2686:
2678:
2674:
2670:
2666:
2662:
2658:
2650:
2642:
2638:
2633:
2628:
2624:
2620:
2616:
2612:
2608:
2601:
2593:
2589:
2585:
2581:
2577:
2573:
2570:(6): 765–73.
2569:
2565:
2557:
2549:
2545:
2540:
2535:
2531:
2527:
2524:(2): 460–68.
2523:
2519:
2515:
2508:
2500:
2496:
2492:
2488:
2483:
2478:
2474:
2470:
2466:
2459:
2451:
2447:
2443:
2439:
2435:
2431:
2427:
2423:
2416:
2408:
2404:
2400:
2396:
2392:
2388:
2381:
2373:
2369:
2364:
2359:
2354:
2349:
2345:
2341:
2337:
2330:
2322:
2318:
2314:
2307:
2299:
2295:
2290:
2285:
2281:
2277:
2273:
2266:
2264:
2255:
2251:
2247:
2243:
2239:
2235:
2231:
2224:
2222:
2205:
2198:
2190:
2186:
2181:
2176:
2172:
2168:
2164:
2160:
2156:
2149:
2147:
2135:September 18,
2130:
2124:
2122:
2113:
2109:
2105:
2101:
2097:
2093:
2092:Pain Medicine
2089:
2082:
2080:
2078:
2069:
2065:
2060:
2055:
2051:
2047:
2043:
2039:
2035:
2028:
2026:
2009:
2003:
2001:
1999:
1990:
1986:
1981:
1976:
1972:
1968:
1963:
1958:
1955:: 3897–3907.
1954:
1950:
1946:
1939:
1931:
1927:
1922:
1917:
1913:
1909:
1905:
1898:
1890:
1886:
1881:
1876:
1871:
1866:
1863:(4): 139–44.
1862:
1858:
1854:
1847:
1839:
1835:
1830:
1825:
1822:(7): 471–83.
1821:
1817:
1813:
1806:
1791:
1787:
1781:
1779:
1770:
1766:
1762:
1758:
1753:
1748:
1745:(3): 231–35.
1744:
1740:
1736:
1729:
1723:
1718:
1710:
1706:
1701:
1696:
1691:
1686:
1682:
1678:
1674:
1667:
1659:
1655:
1651:
1647:
1642:
1637:
1633:
1629:
1625:
1618:
1610:
1606:
1601:
1596:
1592:
1588:
1584:
1577:
1569:
1565:
1560:
1555:
1551:
1547:
1543:
1539:
1535:
1528:
1520:
1516:
1511:
1506:
1502:
1498:
1494:
1490:
1489:
1484:
1477:
1475:
1466:
1462:
1457:
1452:
1448:
1444:
1440:
1436:
1433:(4): 989–97.
1432:
1428:
1424:
1417:
1401:
1397:
1393:
1389:
1385:
1381:
1377:
1373:
1369:
1364:
1359:
1356:(6): 815–21.
1355:
1351:
1347:
1340:
1332:
1328:
1324:
1320:
1316:
1312:
1308:
1304:
1301:(1): 181–88.
1300:
1296:
1289:
1281:
1277:
1273:
1269:
1265:
1261:
1258:(1): 171–75.
1257:
1253:
1246:
1238:
1234:
1230:
1226:
1222:
1218:
1214:
1210:
1207:(7): 981–93.
1206:
1202:
1194:
1186:
1182:
1178:
1174:
1170:
1166:
1162:
1158:
1151:
1143:
1139:
1134:
1129:
1125:
1121:
1117:
1113:
1109:
1102:
1096:
1091:
1085:
1080:
1074:
1069:
1053:
1049:
1043:
1035:
1031:
1026:
1021:
1017:
1013:
1009:
1002:
986:
979:
977:
975:
966:
960:
952:
946:
938:
934:
929:
924:
920:
916:
911:
906:
902:
898:
894:
887:
871:
865:
863:
846:
840:
832:
828:
823:
818:
814:
810:
806:
802:
798:
791:
789:
787:
785:
783:
781:
779:
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771:
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746:
739:
723:
717:
713:
703:
700:
698:
695:
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690:
689:
683:
681:
676:
673:
668:
666:
665:TRAP sequence
661:
652:
650:
645:
642:
640:
630:
627:
624:
619:
616:
606:
597:
595:
585:
582:
577:
574:
572:
568:
564:
560:
555:
552:
550:
546:
542:
537:
535:
531:
527:
526:genicular RFA
523:
517:
507:
503:
501:
497:
492:
490:
486:
482:
478:
474:
470:
466:
451:
448:
444:
440:
435:
433:
429:
425:
421:
415:
405:
401:
399:
395:
394:sclerotherapy
391:
387:
383:
379:
375:
365:
362:
353:
350:
344:
334:
330:
328:
324:
320:
316:
312:
308:
304:
300:
296:
292:
288:
284:
275:
270:
260:
258:
254:
250:
246:
242:
237:
235:
229:
227:
217:
208:
206:
205:cardiologists
202:
198:
194:
190:
186:
181:
179:
175:
171:
166:
164:
160:
156:
152:
148:
144:
141:
137:
133:
129:
125:
121:
117:
113:
109:
99:
93:
89:
85:
83:
79:
76:
72:
68:
64:
60:
57:
55:
51:
48:
45:
43:
39:
32:
27:
22:
19:
3404:implantation
3398:implantation
3385:
3381:Cryoablation
3222:Off-pump CAB
3032:
3015:
2940:Valve repair
2930:Heart valves
2816:
2812:
2806:
2773:
2769:
2763:
2748:
2734:
2699:
2695:
2685:
2660:
2656:
2649:
2614:
2610:
2600:
2567:
2563:
2556:
2521:
2517:
2507:
2472:
2468:
2458:
2425:
2421:
2415:
2390:
2386:
2380:
2343:
2339:
2329:
2306:
2279:
2275:
2237:
2233:
2208:. Retrieved
2197:
2162:
2158:
2133:. Retrieved
2095:
2091:
2041:
2037:
2014:September 6,
2012:. Retrieved
1952:
1948:
1938:
1914:(3): 66–73.
1911:
1907:
1897:
1860:
1856:
1846:
1819:
1815:
1805:
1793:. Retrieved
1789:
1742:
1738:
1728:
1717:
1680:
1676:
1666:
1631:
1628:N Engl J Med
1627:
1617:
1590:
1586:
1576:
1541:
1537:
1527:
1492:
1486:
1430:
1426:
1416:
1404:. Retrieved
1400:the original
1353:
1349:
1339:
1298:
1294:
1288:
1255:
1251:
1245:
1204:
1200:
1193:
1163:(1): 29–33.
1160:
1156:
1150:
1118:(1): 61–64.
1115:
1111:
1101:
1090:
1079:
1068:
1056:. Retrieved
1052:the original
1042:
1015:
1011:
1001:
989:. Retrieved
959:
945:
900:
896:
886:
876:September 5,
874:. Retrieved
851:September 5,
849:. Retrieved
839:
804:
800:
744:
738:
726:. Retrieved
716:
677:
669:
662:
658:
646:
643:
636:
628:
621:- 2022: the
620:
613:- 2023: the
612:
603:
591:
578:
575:
571:tibial nerve
556:
553:
538:
529:
525:
521:
519:
504:
493:
485:facet joints
473:facet joints
462:
436:
434:guidelines.
417:
402:
371:
359:
349:Hypertension
346:
331:
310:
280:
253:chemotherapy
238:
230:
222:
182:
167:
115:
111:
107:
106:
18:
3558:Cardiac PET
3301:Pericardium
3265:Atherectomy
3203:Angioplasty
2945:Valvulotomy
1795:October 29,
1587:Circulation
639:cauterizess
545:fluoroscopy
534:bupivacaine
424:somnoplasty
323:left atrium
178:comorbities
116:fulguration
3650:Categories
3553:Cardiac CT
3420:Cardiotomy
3325:Myocardium
3093:Sano shunt
2883:procedures
2881:Tests and
2346:(1): 654.
2206:. FDA News
1683:: 231–41.
807:(1): e10.
708:References
655:Other uses
541:ultrasound
514:See also:
384:, and the
341:See also:
267:See also:
263:Cardiology
226:metastases
189:ultrasound
147:outpatient
2933:and septa
2422:Endoscopy
1971:1178-7090
1447:1097-0142
1406:August 7,
1380:0021-9355
1358:CiteSeerX
1315:0938-7994
1272:0033-8419
1252:Radiology
1221:0364-2348
1177:0033-8419
1157:Radiology
919:2472-1972
649:malignant
633:Procedure
567:articular
549:cauterize
496:lidocaine
465:rhizotomy
42:Specialty
3637:Category
3370:minimaze
3366:Cox maze
2833:23669161
2798:25166343
2790:23073898
2726:35415224
2677:35396078
2641:37642289
2632:10611977
2592:53530205
2584:21209124
2548:21679712
2499:22864452
2491:19474425
2450:24224546
2442:20857372
2407:15605025
2372:37587439
2363:10429091
2298:28339430
2254:35462577
2210:June 13,
2189:31363275
2112:34308957
2068:35781999
1989:34992451
1930:17006561
1889:20543922
1838:24061345
1769:23552772
1761:24666862
1709:25210469
1650:24678939
1609:21098435
1568:29326836
1519:29792146
1465:20041484
1396:10709128
1331:21047698
1323:21842430
1280:12944597
1237:21496405
1229:25910709
1142:18333241
1034:22052222
991:June 13,
937:34258495
831:31333900
686:See also
479:) back.
463:RFA, or
159:catheter
54:ICD-9-CM
2922:Surgery
2841:7317044
2717:8984508
2611:Thyroid
2539:3152658
2180:6597460
2059:9246497
1980:8714970
1921:1564057
1880:2879725
1739:Am Surg
1700:4155739
1658:3653990
1559:5739900
1510:6131405
1456:2819592
1388:9655099
1185:1549690
1133:2131369
1058:May 29,
928:8271212
822:6635137
728:May 10,
581:cadaver
557:The US
311:ablator
297:(SVT),
289:(Afl),
185:CT scan
136:ablated
88:D017115
3609:Pacing
3217:MIDCAB
3208:Bypass
3158:shunt
3052:atrium
2965:mitral
2960:aortic
2839:
2831:
2796:
2788:
2724:
2714:
2675:
2639:
2629:
2590:
2582:
2546:
2536:
2497:
2489:
2448:
2440:
2405:
2370:
2360:
2296:
2252:
2187:
2177:
2110:
2066:
2056:
1987:
1977:
1969:
1928:
1918:
1887:
1877:
1836:
1767:
1759:
1707:
1697:
1656:
1648:
1607:
1566:
1556:
1517:
1507:
1463:
1453:
1445:
1427:Cancer
1394:
1386:
1378:
1360:
1329:
1321:
1313:
1278:
1270:
1235:
1227:
1219:
1183:
1175:
1140:
1130:
1032:
935:
925:
917:
829:
819:
751:
477:lumbar
380:, the
293:(AF),
211:Tumors
132:tissue
3566:sound
3438:Tests
3396:S-ICD
3293:Other
3227:TECAB
3072:aorta
2887:heart
2837:S2CID
2794:S2CID
2588:S2CID
2495:S2CID
2446:S2CID
1910:. 3.
1765:S2CID
1654:S2CID
1392:S2CID
1327:S2CID
1233:S2CID
510:Knees
396:, or
124:tumor
96:[
75:60.97
71:37.34
67:37.33
59:01.32
3368:and
3106:for
2829:PMID
2786:PMID
2722:PMID
2673:PMID
2637:PMID
2580:PMID
2544:PMID
2487:PMID
2438:PMID
2403:PMID
2368:PMID
2294:PMID
2250:PMID
2212:2017
2185:PMID
2137:2024
2108:PMID
2064:PMID
2016:2024
1985:PMID
1967:ISSN
1926:PMID
1885:PMID
1834:PMID
1797:2013
1757:PMID
1705:PMID
1646:PMID
1605:PMID
1564:PMID
1515:PMID
1461:PMID
1443:ISSN
1408:2016
1384:PMID
1376:ISSN
1319:PMID
1311:ISSN
1276:PMID
1268:ISSN
1225:PMID
1217:ISSN
1181:PMID
1173:ISSN
1138:PMID
1060:2010
1030:PMID
993:2017
933:PMID
915:ISSN
878:2024
853:2024
827:PMID
749:ISBN
730:2018
459:Back
82:MeSH
63:04.2
3515:TEE
3510:TTE
3402:ICD
3197:CHD
3169:SVC
3154:to
3086:to
3070:to
3054:to
2821:doi
2778:doi
2712:PMC
2704:doi
2665:doi
2627:PMC
2619:doi
2572:doi
2564:Gut
2534:PMC
2526:doi
2522:141
2477:doi
2473:360
2430:doi
2395:doi
2358:PMC
2348:doi
2317:doi
2284:doi
2242:doi
2175:PMC
2167:doi
2100:doi
2054:PMC
2046:doi
1975:PMC
1957:doi
1916:PMC
1875:PMC
1865:doi
1824:doi
1820:159
1747:doi
1695:PMC
1685:doi
1636:doi
1632:370
1595:doi
1591:122
1554:PMC
1546:doi
1505:PMC
1497:doi
1451:PMC
1435:doi
1431:116
1368:doi
1303:doi
1260:doi
1256:229
1209:doi
1165:doi
1161:183
1128:PMC
1120:doi
1112:HPB
1020:doi
923:PMC
905:doi
817:PMC
809:doi
543:or
524:or
187:or
153:or
134:is
112:RFA
3652::
3173:PA
2835:.
2827:.
2817:34
2815:.
2792:.
2784:.
2774:42
2772:.
2720:.
2710:.
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2040:.
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1983:.
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1965:.
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