175:
4126:
4139:: "In the next five sections, we will examine the evolution of South Indian ragas in the writings of Ramamatya (fl. c. 1550), Venkatamakhi (fl. c. 1620), and Govinda (c. 1800). These three writers focused on a theme common to all organizational systems, namely, the principle of abstraction. Ramamatya was the first Indian theorist to formulate a system based on a mathematically determined tuning. He defined (1) a theoretical 14-tone scale, (2) a practical 12-tone tuning, and (3) a distinction between abstract mela ragas and musical janya ragas. He then combined these three concepts to identify 20 mela ragas, under which he classified more than 60 janya ragas. Venkatamakhi extended (...).".
1035:
5788:
3403:
4007:
689:, then compared what he heard, noting the relationship of fifth intervals as a function of intentionally induced change to the instrument's tuning. Bharata states that certain combinations of notes are pleasant, and certain others are not so. His methods of experimenting with the instrument triggered further work by ancient Indian scholars, leading to the development of successive permutations, as well as theories of musical note inter-relationships, interlocking scales and how this makes the listener feel. Bharata discusses
527:, the term comes from a Sanskrit word for "the act of colouring or dyeing", or simply a "colour, hue, tint, dye". The term also connotes an emotional state referring to a "feeling, affection, desire, interest, joy or delight", particularly related to passion, love, or sympathy for a subject or something. In the context of ancient Indian music, the term refers to a harmonious note, melody, formula, building block of music available to a musician to construct a state of experience in the audience.
597:
588:
2008:
1910:
2671:
7880:
63:
2685:
3416:, p. 13), 'In short, the Natyasastra is an exhaustive encyclopedic dissertation of the arts, with an emphasis on performing arts as its central feature. It is also full of invocations to deities, acknowledging the divine origins of the arts and the central role of performance arts in achieving divine goals (...)'"..
1294:. The North Indian system suggests a particular time of a day or a season, in the belief that the human state of psyche and mind are affected by the seasons and by daily biological cycles and nature's rhythms. The South Indian system is closer to the text, and places less emphasis on time or season.
2192:
for 'complete'). The number of swaras may differ in the ascending and descending like rÄga
Bhimpalasi which has five notes in the ascending and seven notes in descending or Khamaj with six notes in the ascending and seven in the descending. RÄgas differ in their ascending or descending movements.
1083:
is a fusion of technical and ideational ideas found in music, and may be roughly described as a musical entity that includes note intonation, relative duration and order, in a manner similar to how words flexibly form phrases to create an atmosphere of expression. In some cases, certain rules are
4090:
1165:, according to Bruno Nettl and other music scholars, is a concept similar to a mode, something between the domains of tune and scale, and it is best conceptualized as a "unique array of melodic features, mapped to and organized for a unique aesthetic sentiment in the listener". The goal of a
2621:
is discernible. In the Indian musical schooling tradition, the small group of students lived near or with the teacher, the teacher treated them as family members providing food and boarding, and a student learnt various aspects of music thereby continuing the musical knowledge of their
1001:
or ten precepts for those following the
Buddhist monkhood. Among these is the precept recommending "abstain from dancing, singing, music and worldly spectacles". Buddhism does not forbid music or dance to a Buddhist layperson, but its emphasis has been on chants, not on musical
818:, in the Hindu tradition, are believed to have a natural existence. Artists do not invent them, they only discover them. Music appeals to human beings, according to Hinduism, because they are hidden harmonies of the ultimate creation. Some of its ancient texts such as the
661:
has survived into the modern times, but the details of ancient music scholars mentioned in the extant text suggest a more established tradition by the time this text was composed. The same essential idea and prototypical framework is found in ancient
1018:
is sometimes explained as a melodic rule set that a musician works with, but according to
Dorottya Fabian and others, this is now generally accepted among music scholars to be an explanation that is too simplistic. According to them, a
4566:
Sanyukta
Kashalkar-Karve (2013), "Comparative Study of Ancient Gurukul System and the New Trends of Guru-Shishya Parampara," American International Journal of Research in Humanities, Arts and Social Sciences, Volume 2, Number 1, pages
1232:: ā¤°ā¤žā¤ā¤ŋā¤¨āĨ) is a term for the "feminine" counterpart of a "masculine" rÄga. These are envisioned to parallel the god-goddess themes in Hinduism, and described variously by different medieval Indian music scholars. For example, the
724:
dated to be from the 1st century BCE, discusses secular and religious music, compares the respective musical notes. This is earliest known text that reverentially names each musical note to be a deity, describing it in terms of
1074:
is a central concept of Indian music, predominant in its expression, yet the concept has no direct
Western translation. According to Walter Kaufmann, though a remarkable and prominent feature of Indian music, a definition of
283:
consists of an array of melodic structures with musical motifs; and, from the perspective of the Indian tradition, the resulting music has the ability to "colour the mind" as it engages the emotions of the audience.
1103:, may traditionally use just these notes but is free to emphasize or improvise certain degrees of the scale. The Indian tradition suggests a certain sequencing of how the musician moves from note to note for each
2353:
In this 21st century few composers have discovered new ragas. Dr. M. Balamuralikrishna who has created raga in three notes Ragas such as
Mahathi, Lavangi, Sidhdhi, Sumukham that he created have only four notes,
1123:
are possible given 5 or more notes, but in practical use, the classical tradition has refined and typically relies on several hundred. For most artists, their basic perfected repertoire has some forty to fifty
4099:, p. xxii, Quote: ", the musical notes are the physical manifestations of the Highest Reality termed Nada-Brahman. Music is not a mere accompaniment in religious worship, it is religious worship itself"..
749:, âĻ means mathematical arrangement of rhythms and modes. In the Indian system of music there are about the 500 modes and 300 different rhythms which are used in everyday music. The modes are called Ragas.")
2253:
meaning "sheltered rÄgas". However, these terms are approximate and interim phrases during learning, as the relationships between the two layers are neither fixed nor has unique parentâchild relationship.
3509:
957:
of ancient Indian traditions were carefully selected and integrated by the Sikh Gurus into their hymns. They also picked from the "standard instruments used in Hindu musical traditions" for singing
3384:; Quote: "Some Hindus believe that music is one path to achieving moksha, or liberation from the cycle of rebirth", (...) "The principles underlying this music are found in the Samaveda, (...)".
1067:
is more fixed than mode, less fixed than the melody, beyond the mode and short of melody, and richer both than a given mode or a given melody; it is mode with added multiple specialities".
1455:
Although notes are an important part of rÄga practice, they alone do not make the rÄga. A rÄga is more than a scale, and many rÄgas share the same scale. The underlying scale may have
810:, along with performance arts such as dance and music, has been historically integral to Hinduism, with some Hindus believing that music is itself a spiritual pursuit and a means to
768:
evolved to become a more sophisticated concept that included the experience of the audience. A figurative sense of the word as 'passion, love, desire, delight' is also found in the
1267:
is associated with the following raginis: Bhairavi, Punyaki, Bilawali, Aslekhi, Bangali. In the
Meskarna system, the masculine and feminine musical notes are combined to produce
1274:
This system is no longer in use today because the 'related' rÄgas had very little or no similarity and the rÄga-rÄginÄĢ classification did not agree with various other schemes.
3041:
1088:
allows flexibility, where the artist may rely on simple expression, or may add ornamentations yet express the same essential message but evoke a different intensity of mood.
5709:
6062:
2160:
4498:
4627:
Nasrollah
Nasehpour, Impact of Persian Music on Other Cultures and Vice Versa, Art of Music, Cultural, Art and Social (Monthly), pp 4--6 (Vol. 37) Sep, 2002.
291:
provides the musician with a musical framework within which to improvise. Improvisation by the musician involves creating sequences of notes allowed by the
6328:
2041:
or micro-intervals of musical tones or 1200 cents. Ancient Greek system is also very close to it, states Emmie te
Nijenhuis, with the difference that each
3518:, p. 455, Quote:"Kirtan, (...), is the congregational singing of sacred chants and mantras in call-and-response format."; Also see, pp. 457, 474â475.
564:
uses it in its discussion of soul (Atman-Brahman) and matter (Prakriti), with the sense that the soul does not "colour, dye, stain, tint" the matter. The
6479:
6227:
2037:, states Maurice Winternitz, centers around three themes â sound, rhythm and prosody applied to musical texts. The text asserts that the octave has 22
1023:
of the ancient Indian tradition can be compared to the concept of non-constructible set in language for human communication, in a manner described by
6096:
5702:
2314:
rÄgas are derived from the Janaka rÄgas using a combination of the swarams (usually a subset of swarams) from the parent rÄga. Some janya rÄgas are
6404:
6101:
161:
989:
discouraged music aimed at entertainment to monks for higher spiritual attainment, but encouraged chanting of sacred hymns. The various canonical
6535:
6338:
6313:
6257:
713:. Bharata states that these can to trigger a certain affection and the ability to "color the emotional state" in the audience. His encyclopedic
6576:
6293:
4718:
Brown, Sara Black (2014). "Krishna, Christians, and Colors: The
Socially Binding Influence of Kirtan Singing at a Utah Hare Krishna Festival".
1319:
6055:
3412:, pp. 138â139. Quote: "A summation of the signal importance of the Natyasastra for Hindu religion and culture has been provided by Susan
6545:
6484:
2061:), mentioning three scales of seven modes (21 total), some Greek modes are also like them . However, the Gandhara-grama is just mentioned in
1456:
6308:
5695:
3560:
6171:
964:
During the Islamic rule period of the Indian subcontinent, particularly in and after the 15th century, the mystical Islamic tradition of
174:
4530:
2873:
2268:
rÄgas. A Melakarta rÄga is one which has all seven notes in both the ÄrÅhanam (ascending scale) and avarÅhanam (descending scale). Some
2698:
6609:
6136:
6111:
6048:
2234:
339:, the primary development of which has been going down into the lower octave, in contrast with the traditional middle octave. Each
2639:
6298:
834:
were envisioned by the Hindus as manifestation of the divine, a musical note treated as god or goddess with complex personality.
7860:
2116:
for all the scales. The North Indian style is closer to the Western diatonic modes, and built upon the foundation developed by
869:
musical structure, similar to an intimate conversation. It includes two or more musical instruments, and incorporates various
437:, or adhara sadja, whose pitch may be chosen arbitrarily by the performer. This is taken to mark the beginning and end of the
8002:
5619:
5550:
5530:
5509:
5486:
5462:
5443:
5420:
5399:
5378:
5328:
5265:
5231:
5209:
5173:
5152:
5093:
5072:
5051:
5030:
5009:
4954:
4933:
4909:
4885:
4864:
4843:
4822:
4752:
4707:
4670:
4612:
4407:
4380:
4205:
4081:
3959:
3819:
3792:
3759:
3729:
3702:
3675:
3645:
3618:
3539:
3476:
3377:
3312:
3176:
3149:
3122:
3092:
2955:
1195:
1540:, are considered anchors that are unalterable, while the remaining have flavors that differs between the two major systems.
154:
1063:
is both modet and tune. In 1933, states JosÊ Luiz Martinez â a professor of music, Stern refined this explanation to "the
523:
and other languages, such as "raxt", "rang", "rakt" and others. The words "red" and "rado" are also related. According to
2703:
5410:
2112:
suggested to the artist. After this system was developed, the Indian classical music scholars have developed additional
5796:
5641:
5590:
5131:
4980:
4649:
5202:
Hindustani Raga Index. Major bibliographical references (descriptions, compositions, vistara-s) on North Indian Raga-s
717:
links his studies on music to the performance arts, and it has been influential in Indian performance arts tradition.
5634:
History of Indian Literature Vol 3 (Original in German published in 1922, translated into English by VS Sarma, 1981)
4149:
Rao, Suvarnalata; Rao, Preeti (2014). "An Overview of Hindustani Music in the Context of Computational Musicology".
1354:
are described as manifestation and symbolism for gods and goddesses. Music is discussed as equivalent to the ritual
680:, whose chronology has been estimated to sometime between 500 BCE and 500 CE, probably between 200 BCE and 200 CE.
5678:
A rare collection of more than 800 audio & video archives from 1902. Radio programs dedicated to famous ragas.
729:(colours) and other motifs such as parts of fingers, an approach that is conceptually similar to the 12th century
7296:
1301:
has been both aesthetic indulgence and the spiritual purifying of one's mind (yoga). The former is encouraged in
1059:
translated it as "mode" of European music tradition, but Willard corrected him in 1834 with the statement that a
147:
2045:
computes to 54.5 cents, while the Greek enharmonic quarter-tone system computes to 55 cents. The text discusses
5787:
2655:, it is unclear how this term came to Persia, it has no meaning in modern Persian language, and the concept of
479:
is the most prominent svara, which means that an improvising musician emphasizes or pays more attention to the
347:
is considered a means in the Indian musical tradition to evoking specific feelings in an audience. Hundreds of
182:. While ragas in Hindustani music are divided into thaats, ragas in Carnatic music are divided into melakartas.
1252:, the music scholars such as 16th century Mesakarna expanded this system to include eight descendants to each
1179:
does with performance arts. In the Indian tradition, classical dances are performed with music set to various
343:
traditionally has an emotional significance and symbolic associations such as with season, time and mood. The
6602:
5305:
8007:
4255:
5681:
3053:
1034:
4399:
Song of the Rainbow: A Work on Depiction of Music Through the Medium of Paintings in the Indian Tradition
1056:
4238:
7853:
5718:
4964:
1256:, thereby creating a system of eighty four. After the 16th-century, the system expanded still further.
916:. This is one of the most complete historic treatises on the structure, technique and reasoning behind
596:
360:
77:
6875:
644:
as "a combination of tones which, with beautiful illuminating graces, pleases the people in general".
7997:
4680:
3779:
The Tibetan Book of the Great Liberation: Or the Method of Realizing Nirvana through Knowing the Mind
2117:
866:
4163:
1095:
has a given set of notes, on a scale, ordered in melodies with musical motifs. A musician playing a
7514:
6595:
370:
576:
where it connotes "passion, sensuality, lust, desire" for pleasurable experiences as one of three
6252:
5275:
Powers, Harold S. (1984). "Review: Sangita-Ratnakara of Sarngadeva, Translated by R.K. Shringy".
2718:
997:
1203:
939:
in the northwest of the Indian subcontinent. In the Sikh scripture, the texts are attached to a
8012:
7732:
6859:
5187:
5183:
4531:"Carnatic singer M Balamuralikrishna passes away in Chennai, Venkaiah Naidu offers condolences"
4158:
3395:
3367:
2509:
2300:
1176:
524:
268:
54:
35:
4833:
3809:
3784:
3692:
3665:
3529:
3112:
3065:
2945:
7846:
7717:
7428:
6515:
5020:
4999:
4602:
4071:
3749:
3635:
3466:
2626:. The tradition survives in parts of India, and many musicians can trace their guru lineage.
331:, which have great scope for improvisation and for which performances can last over an hour.
31:
17:
3166:
1439:
According to Cris Forster, mathematical studies on systematizing and analyzing South Indian
4136:
531:
520:
7919:
5043:
Singing to the Jinas: Jain Laywomen, Mandal Singing, and the Negotiations of Jain Devotion
2073:). The text also discusses which scales are best for different forms of performance arts.
504:
8:
7827:
7822:
7758:
7382:
7289:
7263:
7253:
5666:
Rajan Parrikar Music Archive â detailed analyses of rÄgas backed by rare audio recordings
4892:
2713:
2328:
774:. The specialized sense of 'loveliness, beauty', especially of voice or song, emerges in
7934:
1031:; audiences familiar with raga recognize and evaluate performances of them intuitively.
7768:
7109:
6759:
5575:
5472:
5355:
5292:
4779:
4176:
3016:
2989:
2883:
2431:
2193:
Those that do not follow the strict ascending or descending order of swaras are called
1344:
1219:
1024:
775:
648:
4731:
2889:
2842:
2840:
1323:, for example, is considered a manifestation of Kama (god of love), typically through
568:
uses the term in the sense of "passion, inner quality, psychological state". The term
7519:
7162:
7012:
6555:
6323:
5637:
5615:
5596:
5586:
5565:
5546:
5526:
5505:
5498:
5482:
5458:
5439:
5416:
5395:
5374:
5324:
5261:
5227:
5205:
5169:
5148:
5127:
5112:
5089:
5068:
5047:
5026:
5005:
4986:
4976:
4969:
4950:
4929:
4905:
4901:
Exploring the World of Music: An Introduction to Music from a World Music Perspective
4881:
4860:
4839:
4818:
4799:
4748:
4741:
4703:
4666:
4645:
4608:
4506:
4403:
4376:
4201:
4077:
3955:
3815:
3788:
3777:
3755:
3725:
3698:
3671:
3641:
3614:
3535:
3472:
3373:
3308:
3172:
3145:
3118:
3088:
3021:
2988:
Mathur, Avantika; Vijayakumar, Suhas; Chakravarti, Bhismadev; Singh, Nandini (2015).
2951:
2735:
1171:
896:
552:
392:
118:
4856:
Expressiveness in music performance: Empirical approaches across styles and cultures
4791:
4180:
2282:
2065:, while its discussion largely focuses on two scales, fourteen modes and eight four
487:
that does not contain the vadi) and is the second most prominent svara in the raga.
7631:
6665:
6414:
6009:
5629:
5347:
5284:
5108:
4919:
4771:
4727:
4168:
3828:
3011:
3001:
2837:
1249:
1207:
1191:
1028:
546:
516:
444:
209:
2206:
351:
are recognized in the classical tradition, of which about 30 are common, and each
7789:
7784:
7692:
7646:
7544:
7499:
7478:
7342:
7197:
7115:
7040:
7018:
6897:
6753:
6333:
6161:
6126:
6004:
5999:
5984:
5609:
5540:
5520:
5476:
5389:
5368:
5318:
5255:
5163:
5142:
5121:
5083:
5062:
5041:
4944:
4923:
4899:
4875:
4854:
4812:
4796:
Northern Indian Music, Volume 1. Theory & technique; Volume 2. The main rÄgĮs
4660:
4397:
4370:
4195:
4172:
3719:
3608:
3323:
3302:
3139:
3082:
2533:
2425:
2294:
2007:
1909:
1199:
838:
577:
6040:
5391:
Music, Culture and Identity in the Muslim World: Performance, Politics and Piety
4193:
3300:
3164:
2126:
kalyan, bilaval, khamaj, kafi, asavari, bhairavi, bhairav, purvi, marva and todi
443:(loosely, octave). The raga also contains an adhista, which is either the svara
8017:
7929:
7807:
7737:
7727:
7539:
7423:
7387:
7347:
7337:
7282:
7238:
7209:
7168:
7103:
6806:
6788:
6747:
6706:
6419:
6394:
6237:
6151:
6106:
6029:
5989:
5875:
5752:
5742:
5219:
5197:
4699:
4693:
3951:
3945:
2600:
2467:
2449:
2419:
2288:
2212:
1520:
system, that is the North Indian (Hindustani) and South Indian (Carnatic). The
905:
879:
730:
512:
179:
98:
72:
2793:
2791:
7991:
7966:
7924:
7899:
7794:
7722:
7712:
7687:
7671:
7651:
7616:
7585:
7580:
7534:
7418:
7203:
7150:
6974:
6903:
6812:
6429:
6389:
6384:
6273:
6166:
6024:
6019:
5956:
5911:
5890:
5687:
5600:
5569:
4510:
4366:
4073:
Reading Asian Art and Artifacts: Windows to Asia on American College Campuses
3006:
2990:"Emotional responses to Hindustani raga music: the role of musical structure"
2708:
2652:
2579:
2539:
2473:
2184:
2050:
947:. According to Pashaura Singh â a professor of Sikh and Punjabi studies, the
733:
in European music. The study that mathematically arranges rhythms and modes (
672:
540:
483:
than to other notes. The samvadi is consonant with the vadi (always from the
6637:
5257:
The Garland Encyclopedia of World Music: South Asia: The Indian Subcontinent
1407:
in late winter. In the 13th century, Sarngadeva went further and associated
796:
Indian classical music has ancient roots, and developed for both spiritual (
7914:
7904:
7707:
7626:
7611:
7570:
7473:
7448:
7443:
7438:
7074:
7056:
7050:
6891:
6853:
6794:
6525:
6494:
6454:
6424:
6409:
6379:
6369:
6353:
6348:
6232:
6176:
6086:
6014:
5994:
5941:
5757:
5660:
5611:
Sound and Communication: An Aesthetic Cultural History of Sanskrit Hinduism
4762:
Dace, Wallace (1963). "The Concept of "Rasa" in Sanskrit Dramatic Theory".
3025:
2788:
2756:
2746:
2690:
2676:
2527:
2503:
2455:
2276:
2070:
2058:
1340:
1134:
953:
784:
677:
626:
465:
336:
328:
308:
272:
123:
82:
4803:
4239:
Harmonic Implications of Consonance and Dissonance in Ancient Indian Music
4194:
Soubhik Chakraborty; Guerino Mazzola; Swarima Tewari; et al. (2014).
3694:
Ethnic and Vernacular Music, 1898â1960: A Resource and Guide to Recordings
3301:
Soubhik Chakraborty; Guerino Mazzola; Swarima Tewari; et al. (2014).
3165:
Soubhik Chakraborty; Guerino Mazzola; Swarima Tewari; et al. (2014).
2617:
has freely improvised over time, and differences in the rendering of each
752:
In the ancient texts of Hinduism, the term for the technical mode part of
198:
7939:
7909:
7869:
7621:
7524:
7509:
7453:
7221:
7174:
7080:
7062:
6962:
6865:
6835:
6818:
6771:
6765:
6741:
6718:
6712:
6571:
6550:
6540:
6530:
6499:
6439:
6288:
6283:
6217:
6191:
6181:
6141:
6121:
5814:
5670:
5432:
4990:
3464:
2741:
2569:
2515:
2485:
2479:
2443:
2437:
2413:
2401:
2395:
1489:
in Chapter 28. It calls the unit of tonal measurement or audible unit as
1202:, characterized rÄgas as separated by scale, line of ascent and descent,
1100:
909:
824:(~1000 BCE) are structured entirely to melodic themes, it is sections of
770:
621:
375:
365:
39:
6940:
4897:
3080:
2895:
1271:
called Harakh, Pancham, Disakh, Bangal, Madhu, Madhava, Lalit, Bilawal.
7976:
7661:
7565:
7463:
7458:
7191:
7121:
7097:
7024:
7006:
7000:
6980:
6968:
6956:
6700:
6222:
6212:
5844:
5338:
Ries, Raymond E. (1969). "The Cultural Setting of South Indian Music".
4783:
3721:
Sufi Music of India and Pakistan: Sound, Context and Meaning in Qawwali
3110:
2574:
2563:
2383:
2371:
2306:
2259:
2217:
2152:
are named the same in the two systems, but they are different, such as
1468:
1460:
1383:
with seasons. The 11th century Nanyadeva, for example, recommends that
1229:
1055:
among European scholars started in the early colonial period. In 1784,
1044:
936:
901:
411:
6990:
5359:
5296:
5242:
3724:. Cambridge University Press. pp. xiii, 22â24, 32, 47â53, 79â85.
2591:
Classical music has been transmitted through music schools or through
7817:
7666:
7144:
7127:
7068:
7030:
6915:
6885:
6847:
6841:
6800:
6659:
6647:
6618:
6520:
6489:
6444:
5777:
5675:
4692:
Bor, Joep; Rao, Suvarnalata; Van der Meer, Wim; Harvey, Jane (1999).
3944:
Bor, Joep; Rao, Suvarnalata; Van der Meer, Wim; Harvey, Jane (1999).
2751:
2551:
2521:
2497:
2491:
2461:
2377:
2359:
2270:
2108:
or lower tetrachord is anchored, while there are six permutations of
1464:
1373:
1365:
1245:
991:
820:
5522:
Worlds of Music: An Introduction to the Music of the World's Peoples
4775:
4288:
2730:
683:
Bharata describes a series of empirical experiments he did with the
7697:
7636:
7575:
7504:
7494:
7468:
7433:
7397:
7392:
7377:
7372:
7352:
6724:
6694:
6677:
6671:
6653:
6474:
6464:
6449:
6374:
6278:
6116:
5931:
5854:
5351:
5288:
4877:
Musical Mathematics: On the Art and Science of Acoustic Instruments
4069:
2407:
2365:
2346:
2334:
2189:
1379:
In the Middle Ages, music scholars of India began associating each
1244:, creating a system of thirty six, a system that became popular in
779:
663:
653:
573:
535:
496:
471:
448:
320:
108:
6587:
4898:
Hast, Dorothea E.; James R. Cowdery; Stanley Arnold Scott (1999).
1411:
with rhythms of each day and night. He associated pure and simple
1343:
reliefs and carvings, as well as painting collections such as the
1111:(mood, atmosphere, essence, inner feeling) that is unique to each
7889:
7742:
7656:
7641:
7595:
7590:
7529:
7362:
7215:
7156:
6950:
6909:
6459:
6242:
6146:
6131:
6091:
5961:
5870:
5839:
5834:
5829:
5824:
5819:
5772:
5767:
4852:
3834:
2987:
2971:
2969:
2967:
2846:
2761:
2605:
2557:
2545:
2389:
2340:
1521:
1335:, which is more commonly known as "spring festival of colors" or
1324:
1314:
970:
932:
928:
884:
853:
were composed and performed by the early South India pioneers. A
826:
587:
402:
397:
324:
312:
130:
5661:
A step-by-step introduction to the concept of rÄga for beginners
5254:
Nettl, Bruno; Ruth M. Stone; James Porter; Timothy Rice (1998).
4570:
4336:
4334:
4050:
4048:
4046:
3747:
3207:
3205:
3203:
7956:
7946:
7838:
7779:
7774:
7763:
7702:
7560:
7357:
7327:
7322:
6469:
6434:
6343:
6318:
6303:
6196:
6156:
5966:
5951:
5946:
5936:
5926:
5921:
5906:
5885:
5519:
Titon, Jeff Todd; Cooley; Locke; McAllester; Rasmussen (2008),
4925:
The RÄgs of North Indian Music: Their Structure & Evolution
3485:
2925:
2827:
2825:
2725:
2322:
2316:
2221:, which literally means "lord of the scale". It is also called
986:
965:
850:
846:
811:
439:
434:
419:
407:
7274:
4450:
4448:
4446:
3874:
3872:
3807:
2964:
2163:
to correct the classification of ragas in North Indian style.
1339:. This idea of aesthetic symbolism has also been expressed in
1313:
literature with concepts such as "Nada-Brahman" (metaphysical
1138:
or guidance about "division of time", with each unit called a
845:
became an integral part of a musical pursuit of spirituality.
7961:
7951:
7894:
7812:
7402:
7367:
7332:
7305:
7258:
7243:
6399:
6247:
6186:
5976:
5916:
5880:
5849:
5809:
5804:
5762:
5737:
5732:
4346:
4331:
4261:
4221:
4219:
4217:
4114:
4043:
3915:
3913:
3911:
3527:
3332:
3200:
2778:
2776:
2647:(meaning âcolourâ) in Persian is probably a pronunciation of
2311:
2244:
2140:
are common to both systems but have different names, such as
1768:
1556:
1530:
sa, ri (Carnatic) or re (Hindustani), ga, ma, pa, dha, ni, sa
1493:, with verse 28.21 introducing the musical scale as follows,
1473:
1356:
874:
841:
of Hinduism, dated to about the middle of 1st millennium CE,
685:
584:
is used in Buddhist texts in the sense of "color, dye, hue".
430:
415:
387:
135:
103:
43:
5323:(fourth ed.). Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
4928:(first revised Indian ed.). Bombay: Popular Prakashan.
4364:
4278:
4276:
3997:
3995:
3847:
3845:
3843:
3606:
3588:
3369:
Music in the Social and Behavioral Sciences: An Encyclopedia
3284:
3282:
3280:
3190:
3188:
2822:
619:
in the modern connotation of a melodic format occurs in the
5665:
4499:"Balamurali, a legend, who created ragas with three swaras"
4443:
3896:
3869:
3497:
3393:
3344:
2812:
2810:
2808:
2806:
2623:
2592:
1336:
1310:
1302:
1290:, while the South Indian system is commonly referred to as
193:
5455:
Discovering the Vedas: Origins, Mantras, Rituals, Insights
4214:
4102:
4019:
3925:
3908:
3042:
A Concordance to the Principal Upanishads and Bhagavadgita
2773:
1190:
as a "tonal framework for composition and improvisation."
4548:
4416:
4319:
4273:
3992:
3980:
3884:
3840:
3576:
3277:
3185:
62:
7879:
4853:
Fabian, Dorottya; Renee Timmers; Emery Schubert (2014).
4691:
4433:
4431:
4309:
4307:
4305:
4303:
4031:
3968:
3943:
3117:. Motilal Banarsidass. pp. 203, 214, 567â568, 634.
2803:
2257:
Janaka rÄgas are grouped together using a scheme called
2132:
are common to both systems and have same names, such as
1186:
Joep Bor of the Rotterdam Conservatory of Music defined
904:
patronized by King Sighana of the Yadava dynasty in the
865:
is a more structured team performance, typically with a
857:
has a free form devotional composition based on melodic
4472:
by P. Subba Rao, Pub. 1964, The Music Academy of Madras
3548:
3434:
3424:
3422:
2913:
2238:
in the South Indian tradition are groups of derivative
2096:, depending on the nature of the lower tetrachord. The
1360:
sacrifice, with pentatonic and hexatonic notes such as
1119:
can be written on a scale. Theoretically, thousands of
5123:
The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Hinduism, 2 Volume Set
3465:
Denise Cush; Catherine Robinson; Michael York (2012).
3365:
3253:
3217:
2901:
2896:
Hast, James R. Cowdery & Stanley Arnold Scott 1999
4428:
4300:
4200:. Springer. pp. 15â16, 20, 53â54, 65â66, 81â82.
3857:
3670:. Wilfrid Laurier University Press. pp. 156â60.
3265:
4487:
by Dr. S. Bhagyalekshmy, Pub. 1990, CBH Publications
3531:
More Than Bollywood: Studies in Indian Popular Music
3446:
3419:
3087:. Princeton University Press. pp. 59, 68, 589.
2666:
2609:(houses), and their performances are staged through
2159:
Recently, a 32 thaat system was presented in a book
1443:
began in the 16th century. Computational studies of
1206:, emphasized notes and register, and intonation and
764:
evolved to mean quantitative class of scales, while
4582:
4065:
4063:
3667:
Sacred Sound: Experiencing Music in World Religions
3637:
Psalms and Practice: Worship, Virtue, and Authority
3458:
3229:
3081:Robert E. Buswell Jr.; Donald S. Lopez Jr. (2013).
3076:
3074:
2863:
2861:
2859:
2857:
2855:
2136:performed by either is recognizably the same. Some
1132:in Indian classical music is intimately related to
451:. The adhista divides the octave into two parts or
5497:
5431:
4968:
4835:The Body Adorned: Sacred and Profane in Indian Art
4740:
4662:Sonic Liturgy: Ritual and Music in Hindu Tradition
3776:
3633:
3241:
3111:Thomas William Rhys Davids; William Stede (1921).
2076:These musical elements are organized into scales (
1051:The attempt to appreciate, understand and explain
6070:
5562:Classical Indian dance in literature and the arts
5306:"Marwa, Pooriya, and Sohini: The Tricky Triplets"
3774:
3534:. Oxford University Press. pp. 65, 295â298.
3321:
2174:(ā¤¸āĨā¤°ā¤¤ā¤°) rÄgas; those with five swaras are called
2144:of Hindustani system is recognizably the same as
1236:text of 15th-century Damodara Misra proposes six
7989:
5583:Aesthetic theories and forms in Indian tradition
4665:. Columbia: University of South Carolina Press.
4644:. Columbia: University of South Carolina Press.
4060:
3751:The Ashgate Research Companion to Japanese Music
3743:
3741:
3144:. Oxford University Press. pp. 8, 47, 143.
3071:
3056:, Robert Hume, Oxford University Press, page 373
2943:
2852:
463:, which contains higher notes. Every raga has a
5182:
4893:Indian Music: Ancient Beginnings â Natyashastra
3835:Fabian, Renee Timmers & Emery Schubert 2014
3814:. University of California Press. p. 184.
3659:
3657:
3361:
3359:
3350:
3068:, Max Muller, Oxford University Press, page 299
2975:
2847:Fabian, Renee Timmers & Emery Schubert 2014
1350:In ancient and medieval Indian literature, the
1084:considered obligatory, in others optional. The
511:which connotes "to dye". Cognates are found in
358:There are two main classical music traditions,
5717:
5224:Comparative Study of Selected Hindustani Ragas
4607:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 97â99.
3717:
3663:
1175:(essence, feeling, atmosphere) with music, as
335:s may change over time, with an example being
267:) is a melodic framework for improvisation in
7854:
7290:
6603:
6056:
5703:
4679:
4600:
3738:
1516:These seven degrees are shared by both major
1297:The symbolic role of classical music through
155:
27:Melodic mode of improvisation in Indian music
5538:
5518:
5471:
5253:
4743:The Dictionary of Hindustani Classical Music
4576:
4496:
4465:
4463:
4352:
4340:
4294:
4267:
4225:
4197:Computational Musicology in Hindustani Music
4120:
4108:
4054:
3919:
3902:
3890:
3878:
3654:
3491:
3356:
3304:Computational Musicology in Hindustani Music
3288:
3211:
3194:
3168:Computational Musicology in Hindustani Music
3137:
3037:
3035:
2931:
2831:
2782:
2745:, a documentary about the life and music of
2084:works with 72 scales, as first discussed by
1502:ā¤Ēā¤āĨâā¤ā¤ŽāĨ ā¤§āĨā¤ĩā¤¤ā¤ļāĨâā¤āĨā¤ĩ ā¤¸ā¤ĒāĨā¤¤ā¤ŽāĨā¤Ŋā¤Ĩ ā¤¨ā¤ŋā¤ˇā¤žā¤Ļā¤ĩā¤žā¤¨āĨ āĨĨ āĨ¨āĨ§āĨĨ
1277:
1218:For illustrations of ragas and raginis, see
968:developed devotional songs and music called
943:and are sung according to the rules of that
5607:
3748:Alison Tokita; Dr. David W. Hughes (2008).
3690:
3106:
3104:
2797:
2168:
2013:
1970:
1948:
1915:
1872:
1743:
1724:
1700:
1681:
1662:
1107:, in order for the performance to create a
1079:cannot be offered in one or two sentences.
791:
279:is central to classical Indian music. Each
232:
7861:
7847:
7297:
7283:
6610:
6596:
6063:
6049:
5710:
5696:
5628:
5119:
4918:
4395:
4325:
4070:Paul Kocot Nietupski; Joan O'Mara (2011).
4013:
3974:
3664:Pashaura Singh (2006). Guy L. Beck (ed.).
2816:
745:, p. 89, Quote: "âĻ the Sanskrit word
595:
355:has its "own unique melodic personality".
162:
148:
5580:
5559:
5165:Sanskrit Play Production in Ancient India
5081:
4975:. Oxford & Indiana University Press.
4642:Sonic Theology: Hinduism and Sacred Sound
4460:
4162:
4025:
3808:Frank Reynolds; Jason A. Carbine (2000).
3503:
3372:. SAGE Publications. pp. 1693â1694.
3044:, GA Jacob, Motilal Banarsidass, page 787
3032:
3015:
3005:
1500:ā¤ˇā¤ĄāĨâā¤ā¤ļāĨâā¤ ā¤ā¤ˇā¤ā¤ļāĨâā¤āĨā¤ĩ ā¤ā¤žā¤¨āĨā¤§ā¤žā¤°āĨ ā¤Žā¤§āĨā¤¯ā¤Žā¤¸āĨā¤¤ā¤Ĩā¤ž āĨ¤
1415:to early morning, mixed and more complex
1248:. In the north Himalayan regions such as
1153:can yield an infinite number of tunes. A
873:such as those associated with Hindu gods
315:that are not much more than songs to big
5429:
5370:Music and Musical Thought in Early India
5140:
4963:
4790:
4738:
4480:
4478:
4454:
4375:. Abhinav Publications. pp. 22â25.
4076:. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 59.
3863:
3851:
3528:Gregory D. Booth; Bradley Shope (2014).
3413:
3338:
3223:
3101:
2981:
1033:
651:, a professor in Indian musicology, the
173:
42:. For the subgenre of reggae music, see
5608:Wilke, Annette; Moebus, Oliver (2011).
5039:
4873:
4838:. New York: Columbia University Press.
4831:
4132:
4001:
3986:
3607:Kristen Haar; Sewa Singh Kalsi (2009).
3594:
2699:List of rÄgas in Indian classical music
2599:(teacherâstudent tradition) through an
2166:RÄgas that have four swaras are called
1434:
14:
7990:
5495:
5408:
5366:
5316:
5274:
5218:
5196:
5102:
5064:The Oxford Companion to Indian Theatre
5018:
4554:
4437:
4422:
4313:
4282:
4148:
4096:
4037:
3754:. Ashgate Publishing. pp. 38â39.
3582:
3573:discussion see pp. 169â274 (Sanskrit).
3566:
3554:
3398:. Harvard University Press. p. 4.
3247:
2907:
995:texts of Buddhism, for example, state
927:into spiritual music is also found in
459:, which contains lower notes, and the
295:in keeping with rules specific to the
7842:
7278:
6591:
6044:
5691:
5452:
5387:
5240:
5161:
4810:
4717:
4497:Ramakrishnan, Deepa H. (2016-11-23).
4475:
3931:
3697:. Greenwood Publishing. p. 256.
3569:, pp. vâvi, ixâx (English), for
3515:
3452:
3428:
3387:
2947:Encyclopedia of Indo-European Culture
2919:
2867:
2357:A list of Janaka Ragas would include
1213:
894:The early 13th century Sanskrit text
208:
5542:Hindustani Music in the 20th Century
5434:Rasa: Performing the Divine in India
5337:
5303:
5085:The Dawn of Indian Music in the West
5022:Guru Granth Sahib â An Advance Study
4997:
4942:
4761:
4658:
4639:
4604:The Dastgah Concept in Persian Music
4588:
3783:. Oxford University Press. pp.
3640:. Liturgical Press. pp. 13â14.
3440:
3409:
3394:Coormaraswamy and Duggirala (1917).
3271:
3235:
3084:The Princeton Dictionary of Buddhism
2879:
2088:. They are divided into two groups,
1423:to noon, love-themed and passionate
1142:(beat, and duration between beats).
742:
6617:
5478:Indian Music: History and Structure
5060:
4739:CaudhurÄĢ, VimalakÄnta Rôya (2000).
3937:
3259:
2704:List of composers who created ragas
24:
5636:. New Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass.
5260:. New York and London: Routledge.
3328:. Orient Longmans. pp. 18â20.
2225:meaning "shelter giving rÄga", or
2148:of Carnatic system. However, some
2080:), and the South Indian system of
1331:is also linked to the festival of
1161:can be based on the same scale. A
1038:Two Indian musicians performing a
586:
572:is also found in ancient texts of
25:
8029:
5654:
5500:Analytical Studies in World Music
5192:, London: Oxford University Press
4732:10.5406/ethnomusicology.58.3.0454
4258:, ā¤¨ā¤žā¤āĨā¤¯ā¤ļā¤žā¤¸āĨā¤¤āĨā¤°ā¤ŽāĨ ā¤
ā¤§āĨā¤¯ā¤žā¤¯ āĨ¨āĨŽ, āĨĨ āĨ¨āĨ§āĨĨ
4243:Pacific Review of Ethnomusicology
2800:, pp. 222 with footnote 463.
2215:, the principal rÄgas are called
1528:) is learnt in abbreviated form:
1447:is an active area of musicology.
400:. Similarly, it is a part of the
7878:
7868:
5786:
5682:Online quick reference of rÄgams
5671:Comprehensive reference on rÄgas
5001:The Mysticism of Sound and Music
4621:
4594:
4402:. Kanishka. pp. 26, 39â44.
2683:
2669:
2603:and practice. Some are known as
2200:
2006:
1908:
1485:concept is found in the ancient
1149:is not a tune, because the same
935:, an Indian religion founded by
544:. For example, verse 3.5 of the
530:The word appears in the ancient
61:
7304:
5373:. University of Chicago Press.
5320:The Harvard Dictionary of Music
4814:Hinduism: An Alphabetical Guide
4633:
4560:
4523:
4490:
4389:
4358:
4248:
4245:2:28â51. Citation on pp. 28â31.
4231:
4187:
4142:
3801:
3768:
3711:
3684:
3627:
3600:
3521:
3366:William Forde Thompson (2014).
3294:
3158:
3131:
3059:
3047:
2950:. Routledge. pp. 572â573.
2937:
1754:
1542:
1309:), while the latter appears in
923:The tradition of incorporating
636:, or possibly 9th century. The
580:of a character. Alternatively,
433:(a note or named pitch) called
5676:Hindustani Raga Sangeet Online
5415:. Adyar: Adyar Library Press.
5412:Sangitaratnakara of Sarngadeva
5126:. The Rosen Publishing Group.
5113:10.1093/obo/9780195399318-0071
4943:Kane, Pandurang Vaman (1971).
3171:. Springer. pp. 6, 3â10.
2629:
1532:. Of these, the first that is
1009:
974:. It incorporated elements of
912:), mentions and discusses 253
670:and the classic Sanskrit work
490:
13:
1:
5438:. Columbia University Press.
5189:A Sanskrit-English Dictionary
5120:Lochtefeld, James G. (2002).
4687:. Hathras: Sangeet Karyalaya.
4237:Nazir Ali Jairazbhoy (1985),
4151:Journal of New Music Research
3471:. Routledge. pp. 87â88.
2767:
2178:(ā¤ā¤Ąā¤ĩ) rÄgas; those with six,
1403:is best in early winter, and
1157:is not a scale, because many
630:
8003:Hindustani music terminology
5317:Randel, Don Michael (2003).
5243:"Raga, Indian Musical Genre"
5144:Semiosis in Hindustani Music
5141:Martinez, JosÊ Luiz (2001).
5040:Kelting, M. Whitney (2001).
4998:Khan, Hazrat Inayat (1996).
4173:10.1080/09298215.2013.831109
3613:. Infobase. pp. 60â61.
2613:(music organizations). Each
2249:meaning "begotten rÄgas" or
1450:
1169:and its artist is to create
7:
5504:. Oxford University Press.
5430:Schwartz, Susan L. (2004).
5107:. Oxford University Press.
5067:. Oxford University Press.
5046:. Oxford University Press.
5019:Kapoor, Sukhbir S. (2005).
4946:History of Sanskrit Poetics
4859:. Oxford University Press.
4764:Educational Theatre Journal
3634:Stephen Breck Reid (2001).
3307:. Springer. pp. vâvi.
2882:, "Due to the influence of
2662:
2586:
2169:
2014:
1971:
1949:
1916:
1873:
1744:
1725:
1701:
1682:
1663:
396:, the primary scripture of
199:
10:
8034:
5719:Hindustani classical music
5581:Vatsyayan, Kapila (2008).
5560:Vatsyayan, Kapila (1977).
5409:Sastri, S.S., ed. (1943).
5004:. Shambhala Publications.
4681:Bhatkhande, Vishnu Narayan
3775:W. Y. Evans-Wentz (2000).
3322:Amiya Nath Sanyal (1959).
2204:
2197:(ā¤ĩā¤āĨā¤°) ('crooked') rÄgas.
1804:
1799:
1794:
1789:
1784:
1779:
1774:
1767:
1592:
1587:
1582:
1577:
1572:
1567:
1562:
1555:
1427:to evening, and universal
1419:to late morning, skillful
1217:
29:
7885:
7876:
7823:Asampurna Melakarta ragas
7803:
7751:
7680:
7604:
7553:
7487:
7411:
7315:
7254:Asampurna Melakarta Ragas
7234:
7183:
7136:
7089:
7039:
6989:
6939:
6928:
6874:
6827:
6780:
6733:
6686:
6636:
6625:
6564:
6508:
6362:
6266:
6205:
6079:
5975:
5899:
5863:
5795:
5784:
5725:
5564:. Sangeet Natak Akademi.
5539:van der Meer, W. (2012).
5082:Lavezzoli, Peter (2006).
2944:Douglas Q. Adams (1997).
2118:Vishnu Narayan Bhatkhande
1278:RÄgas and their symbolism
7515:Karnataka Shuddha Saveri
5585:. Munshiram Manoharlal.
5496:Tenzer, Michael (2006).
5304:Raja, Deepak S. (n.d.).
5103:Lidova, Natalia (2014).
4971:The Ragas of North India
4297:, pp. 13â14, 21â25.
3468:Encyclopedia of Hinduism
3141:A Dictionary of Buddhism
3007:10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00513
2381:, Thanarupi, Senavathi,
2182:(ā¤ˇā¤žā¤Ąā¤ĩ); and with seven,
2033:The music theory in the
1536:, and the fifth that is
908:region (today a part of
792:History and significance
720:The other ancient text,
6074:as per performance time
5247:EncyclopÃĻdia Britannica
5184:Monier-Williams, Monier
5168:. Motilal Banarsidass.
5147:. Motilal Banarsidass.
5088:. New York: Continuum.
4949:. Motilal Banarsidass.
4832:Dehejia, Vidya (2013).
4747:. Motilal Banarsidass.
4485:Ragas in Carnatic music
3718:Regula Qureshi (1986).
3396:"The Mirror of Gesture"
3114:Pali-English Dictionary
2994:Frontiers in Psychology
2798:Wilke & Moebus 2011
2719:List of Melakarta ragas
2229:meaning "father rÄga".
2100:itself has six cycles (
550:and verse 2.2.9 of the
507:) has Indian roots, as
410:Islamic communities of
5367:Rowell, Lewis (2015).
4874:Forster, Cris (2010).
4811:Dalal, Roshen (2014).
4798:. London: C. Johnson.
4685:Kramika Pustaka Malika
4601:Hormoz Farhat (2004).
4256:Natyasastra Chapter 28
2659:is unknown in Persia.
2161:Nai Vaigyanik Paddhati
1514:
1477:(sometimes spelled as
1286:system is also called
1177:classical Indian dance
1048:
591:
525:Monier Monier-Williams
426:in their composition.
390:traditions such as in
378:), and the concept of
269:Indian classical music
183:
55:Indian classical music
36:Ragam (disambiguation)
5900:Semi-classical genres
5614:. Walter de Gruyter.
5457:. Auckland: Penguin.
5453:Staal, Frits (2009).
5388:Salhi, Kamal (2013).
5241:Nettl, Bruno (2010).
5162:Mehta, Tarla (1995).
4920:Jairazbhoy, Nazir Ali
4659:Beck, Guy L. (2012).
3934:, pp. xxix, 248.
3597:, pp. 28â29, 84.
3400:; Also see chapter 36
3341:, pp. 48â50, 81.
3138:Damien Keown (2004).
2637:The music concept of
2264:and are organised as
2086:Caturdandi prakashika
1495:
1399:during the monsoons,
1037:
800:) and entertainment (
590:
177:
32:Raga (disambiguation)
5061:Lal, Ananda (2004).
4135:, pp. 564â565,
3811:The Life of Buddhism
3691:Paul Vernon (1995).
3351:Monier-Williams 1899
2976:Monier-Williams 1899
1855:16 Varieties (names)
1643:12 Varieties (names)
1435:RÄga and mathematics
1362:"ni-dha-pa-ma-ga-ri"
1305:literature (such as
906:North-Central Deccan
532:Principal Upanishads
30:For other uses, see
8008:Musical terminology
7828:List of Janya ragas
7759:Thyagaraja Mangalam
7264:List of Janya ragas
5630:Winternitz, Maurice
5473:Te Nijenhuis, Emmie
4579:, pp. 457â467.
4557:, pp. 303â309.
4457:, pp. 150â151.
4425:, pp. 815â816.
4396:Richa Jain (2002).
4285:, pp. 814â815.
3585:, pp. 352â353.
3494:, pp. 247â253.
3443:, pp. 107â108.
3262:, pp. 311â312.
2934:, pp. 107â108.
2849:, pp. 173â174.
2714:List of Janya ragas
2242:, which are called
1764:
1758:South Indian system
1552:
1546:North Indian system
1387:is best in spring,
1370:"ri-ni-dha-pa-ma-ga
920:that has survived.
666:texts, such as the
382:is shared by both.
303:s range from small
178:Melakarta ragas of
7771:(Shuddha Dhanyasi)
7769:Udayaravichandrika
7110:Simhendramadhyamam
5684:in Carnatic music.
5481:. BRILL Academic.
4640:Beck, Guy (1993).
4372:The Music of India
4040:, pp. 813â21.
4004:, pp. 168â69.
3989:, pp. 191â97.
3837:, pp. 173â74.
3506:, pp. 371â72.
2922:, pp. 183â84.
1755:
1543:
1220:Ragamala paintings
1214:RÄga-RÄgini system
1049:
1025:Frederik Kortlandt
830:set to music. The
776:classical Sanskrit
737:) has been called
649:Emmie te Nijenhuis
634: 8th century
605:groups are called
592:
386:are also found in
184:
7985:
7984:
7836:
7835:
7520:Kathanakuthuhalam
7272:
7271:
7230:
7229:
7013:Shubhapantuvarali
6924:
6923:
6585:
6584:
6556:Vrindavani Sarang
6324:Puriya Dhanashree
6038:
6037:
5621:978-3-11-024003-0
5576:Table of Contents
5552:978-94-009-8777-7
5532:978-0-534-59539-5
5511:978-0-19-517789-3
5488:978-90-04-03978-0
5464:978-0-14-309986-4
5445:978-0-231-13144-5
5422:978-0-8356-7330-3
5401:978-1-317-96310-3
5380:978-0-226-73034-9
5330:978-0-674-01163-2
5267:978-0-8240-4946-1
5233:978-2-9541244-2-1
5211:978-2-9541244-3-8
5175:978-81-208-1057-0
5154:978-81-208-1801-9
5095:978-0-8264-1815-9
5074:978-0-19-564446-3
5053:978-0-19-803211-3
5032:978-81-7010-317-2
5025:. Hemkunt Press.
5011:978-0-8348-2492-8
4956:978-81-208-0274-2
4935:978-81-7154-395-3
4911:978-0-7872-7154-1
4887:978-0-8118-7407-6
4866:978-0-19-163456-7
4845:978-0-231-51266-4
4824:978-81-8475-277-9
4817:. Penguin Books.
4754:978-81-208-1708-1
4709:978-0-9543976-0-9
4672:978-1-61117-108-2
4614:978-0-521-54206-7
4577:Nettl et al. 1998
4409:978-81-7391-496-6
4382:978-81-7017-332-8
4365:Reginald Massey;
4355:, pp. 14â25.
4353:Te Nijenhuis 1974
4341:Te Nijenhuis 1974
4295:Te Nijenhuis 1974
4270:, pp. 21â25.
4268:Te Nijenhuis 1974
4226:Te Nijenhuis 1974
4207:978-3-319-11472-9
4123:, pp. 36â38.
4121:Te Nijenhuis 1974
4109:Te Nijenhuis 1974
4083:978-1-61146-070-4
4057:, pp. 35â36.
4055:Te Nijenhuis 1974
4028:, pp. 17â23.
3961:978-0-9543976-0-9
3920:Nettl et al. 1998
3903:van der Meer 2012
3891:van der Meer 2012
3879:van der Meer 2012
3854:, pp. 95â96.
3821:978-0-520-21105-6
3794:978-0-19-972723-0
3787:with footnote 3.
3761:978-0-7546-5699-9
3731:978-0-521-26767-0
3704:978-0-313-29553-9
3677:978-0-88920-421-8
3647:978-0-8146-5080-6
3620:978-1-4381-0647-2
3557:, pp. 12â13.
3541:978-0-19-992883-5
3492:Nettl et al. 1998
3478:978-1-135-18979-2
3379:978-1-4833-6558-9
3325:Ragas and Raginis
3314:978-3-319-11472-9
3289:Te Nijenhuis 1974
3274:, pp. 30â39.
3214:, pp. 73â74.
3212:Nettl et al. 1998
3195:Te Nijenhuis 1974
3178:978-3-319-11472-9
3151:978-0-19-157917-2
3124:978-81-208-1144-7
3094:978-1-4008-4805-8
3054:Mundaka Upanishad
2957:978-1-884964-98-5
2932:Nettl et al. 1998
2910:, pp. 46â52.
2834:, pp. 65â67.
2832:Nettl et al. 1998
2783:Titon et al. 2008
2736:Rasa (aesthetics)
2031:
2030:
2027:
1992:
1959:
1954:
1929:
1894:
1861:
1856:
1753:
1752:
1749:
1730:
1711:
1706:
1687:
1668:
1649:
1644:
1282:The North Indian
1198:'s department of
867:call and response
562:Mundaka Upanishad
556:contain the word
553:Mundaka Upanishad
538:, as well as the
429:Every raga has a
416:Indian film songs
393:Guru Granth Sahib
172:
171:
16:(Redirected from
8025:
7998:Hindustani ragas
7920:Ladder of thirds
7882:
7863:
7856:
7849:
7840:
7839:
7632:Navarasa kannada
7299:
7292:
7285:
7276:
7275:
6937:
6936:
6634:
6633:
6612:
6605:
6598:
6589:
6588:
6480:Malkauns Pancham
6228:Madhyamad Sarang
6065:
6058:
6051:
6042:
6041:
5790:
5712:
5705:
5698:
5689:
5688:
5647:
5625:
5604:
5573:
5556:
5535:
5515:
5503:
5492:
5468:
5449:
5437:
5426:
5405:
5384:
5363:
5334:
5313:
5300:
5271:
5250:
5237:
5215:
5193:
5179:
5158:
5137:
5116:
5099:
5078:
5057:
5036:
5015:
4994:
4974:
4965:Kaufmann, Walter
4960:
4939:
4915:
4904:. Kendall Hunt.
4891:
4870:
4849:
4828:
4807:
4787:
4758:
4746:
4735:
4713:
4688:
4676:
4655:
4628:
4625:
4619:
4618:
4598:
4592:
4586:
4580:
4574:
4568:
4564:
4558:
4552:
4546:
4545:
4543:
4542:
4527:
4521:
4520:
4518:
4517:
4494:
4488:
4482:
4473:
4467:
4458:
4452:
4441:
4435:
4426:
4420:
4414:
4413:
4393:
4387:
4386:
4362:
4356:
4350:
4344:
4343:, p. 32-34.
4338:
4329:
4323:
4317:
4311:
4298:
4292:
4286:
4280:
4271:
4265:
4259:
4252:
4246:
4235:
4229:
4223:
4212:
4211:
4191:
4185:
4184:
4166:
4146:
4140:
4130:
4124:
4118:
4112:
4106:
4100:
4094:
4088:
4087:
4067:
4058:
4052:
4041:
4035:
4029:
4023:
4017:
4011:
4005:
3999:
3990:
3984:
3978:
3972:
3966:
3965:
3941:
3935:
3929:
3923:
3917:
3906:
3900:
3894:
3888:
3882:
3876:
3867:
3861:
3855:
3849:
3838:
3832:
3826:
3825:
3805:
3799:
3798:
3782:
3772:
3766:
3765:
3745:
3736:
3735:
3715:
3709:
3708:
3688:
3682:
3681:
3661:
3652:
3651:
3631:
3625:
3624:
3604:
3598:
3592:
3586:
3580:
3574:
3564:
3558:
3552:
3546:
3545:
3525:
3519:
3513:
3507:
3501:
3495:
3489:
3483:
3482:
3462:
3456:
3450:
3444:
3438:
3432:
3426:
3417:
3407:
3401:
3399:
3391:
3385:
3383:
3363:
3354:
3348:
3342:
3336:
3330:
3329:
3318:
3298:
3292:
3286:
3275:
3269:
3263:
3257:
3251:
3245:
3239:
3233:
3227:
3221:
3215:
3209:
3198:
3192:
3183:
3182:
3162:
3156:
3155:
3135:
3129:
3128:
3108:
3099:
3098:
3078:
3069:
3066:Maitri Upanishad
3063:
3057:
3051:
3045:
3039:
3030:
3029:
3019:
3009:
2985:
2979:
2973:
2962:
2961:
2941:
2935:
2929:
2923:
2917:
2911:
2905:
2899:
2893:
2887:
2877:
2871:
2865:
2850:
2844:
2835:
2829:
2820:
2814:
2801:
2795:
2786:
2780:
2693:
2688:
2687:
2686:
2679:
2674:
2673:
2672:
2172:
2025:
2024:
2017:
2011:
2010:
2001:
2000:
1995:
1991:(catussruti dha)
1990:
1989:
1982:
1981:
1974:
1968:
1967:
1962:
1957:
1952:
1946:
1945:
1938:
1937:
1932:
1927:
1926:
1919:
1913:
1912:
1903:
1902:
1897:
1892:
1891:
1884:
1883:
1876:
1870:
1869:
1864:
1859:
1854:
1765:
1747:
1739:
1738:
1733:
1728:
1720:
1719:
1714:
1709:
1704:
1698:
1697:
1690:
1685:
1677:
1676:
1671:
1666:
1658:
1657:
1652:
1647:
1642:
1553:
1512:
1250:Himachal Pradesh
1192:Nazir Jairazbhoy
1029:George van Driem
897:Sangitaratnakara
635:
632:
599:
566:Maitri Upanishad
547:Maitri Upanishad
266:
263:
260:
256:
253:
250:
246:
243:
240:
237:
234:
212:
207:
202:
164:
157:
150:
78:Hindustani music
65:
51:
50:
21:
8033:
8032:
8028:
8027:
8026:
8024:
8023:
8022:
7988:
7987:
7986:
7981:
7883:
7872:
7867:
7837:
7832:
7818:Melakarta ragas
7799:
7790:Yadukulakamboji
7747:
7733:Sindhu Bhairavi
7693:Salaga Bhairavi
7676:
7647:Poornachandrika
7600:
7549:
7500:Kalyanavasantam
7483:
7407:
7343:Amritha Kalyani
7311:
7303:
7273:
7268:
7226:
7198:Jyoti swarupini
7179:
7132:
7085:
7035:
7019:Shadvidamargini
6985:
6932:
6930:
6920:
6898:Gangeyabhushani
6870:
6860:Sankarabharanam
6823:
6776:
6754:Mayamalavagowla
6729:
6682:
6629:
6627:
6621:
6619:Melakarta Ragas
6616:
6586:
6581:
6560:
6504:
6358:
6262:
6201:
6127:Bilaskhani Todi
6097:Bairagi Bhairav
6075:
6069:
6039:
6034:
5971:
5895:
5859:
5791:
5782:
5721:
5716:
5657:
5651:
5644:
5622:
5593:
5553:
5533:
5512:
5489:
5465:
5446:
5423:
5402:
5381:
5331:
5277:Ethnomusicology
5268:
5234:
5220:Moutal, Patrick
5212:
5198:Moutal, Patrick
5176:
5155:
5134:
5096:
5075:
5054:
5033:
5012:
4983:
4957:
4936:
4912:
4888:
4867:
4846:
4825:
4792:DaniÊlou, Alain
4776:10.2307/3204783
4755:
4720:Ethnomusicology
4710:
4673:
4652:
4636:
4631:
4626:
4622:
4615:
4599:
4595:
4587:
4583:
4575:
4571:
4565:
4561:
4553:
4549:
4540:
4538:
4529:
4528:
4524:
4515:
4513:
4495:
4491:
4483:
4476:
4468:
4461:
4453:
4444:
4436:
4429:
4421:
4417:
4410:
4394:
4390:
4383:
4363:
4359:
4351:
4347:
4339:
4332:
4326:Winternitz 2008
4324:
4320:
4312:
4301:
4293:
4289:
4281:
4274:
4266:
4262:
4253:
4249:
4236:
4232:
4224:
4215:
4208:
4192:
4188:
4164:10.1.1.645.9188
4147:
4143:
4131:
4127:
4119:
4115:
4107:
4103:
4095:
4091:
4084:
4068:
4061:
4053:
4044:
4036:
4032:
4024:
4020:
4014:Jairazbhoy 1995
4012:
4008:
4000:
3993:
3985:
3981:
3975:Jairazbhoy 1995
3973:
3969:
3962:
3954:. p. 181.
3942:
3938:
3930:
3926:
3918:
3909:
3905:, pp. 6â8.
3901:
3897:
3889:
3885:
3881:, pp. 3â5.
3877:
3870:
3862:
3858:
3850:
3841:
3833:
3829:
3822:
3806:
3802:
3795:
3773:
3769:
3762:
3746:
3739:
3732:
3716:
3712:
3705:
3689:
3685:
3678:
3662:
3655:
3648:
3632:
3628:
3621:
3605:
3601:
3593:
3589:
3581:
3577:
3565:
3561:
3553:
3549:
3542:
3526:
3522:
3514:
3510:
3502:
3498:
3490:
3486:
3479:
3463:
3459:
3455:, pp. 4â5.
3451:
3447:
3439:
3435:
3427:
3420:
3408:
3404:
3392:
3388:
3380:
3364:
3357:
3349:
3345:
3337:
3333:
3320:
3315:
3299:
3295:
3287:
3278:
3270:
3266:
3258:
3254:
3246:
3242:
3234:
3230:
3222:
3218:
3210:
3201:
3193:
3186:
3179:
3163:
3159:
3152:
3136:
3132:
3125:
3109:
3102:
3095:
3079:
3072:
3064:
3060:
3052:
3048:
3040:
3033:
2986:
2982:
2974:
2965:
2958:
2942:
2938:
2930:
2926:
2918:
2914:
2906:
2902:
2894:
2890:
2878:
2874:
2866:
2853:
2845:
2838:
2830:
2823:
2817:Lochtefeld 2002
2815:
2804:
2796:
2789:
2781:
2774:
2770:
2762:Persian dastgah
2689:
2684:
2682:
2675:
2670:
2668:
2665:
2651:. According to
2635:
2589:
2534:Gangeyabhushani
2510:Sankarabharanam
2426:Mayamalavagowla
2301:Sankarabharanam
2295:Mayamalavagowla
2209:
2203:
2022:
2021:
2019:
2005:
2003:
1998:
1997:
1987:
1986:
1984:
1983:(satsruti dha),
1979:
1978:
1976:
1965:
1964:
1943:
1942:
1940:
1935:
1934:
1924:
1923:
1921:
1907:
1905:
1900:
1899:
1893:(catussruti ri)
1889:
1888:
1886:
1881:
1880:
1878:
1867:
1866:
1848:
1843:
1838:
1833:
1828:
1823:
1818:
1813:
1806:
1801:
1796:
1791:
1786:
1781:
1776:
1771:
1741:
1736:
1735:
1722:
1717:
1716:
1695:
1694:
1692:
1679:
1674:
1673:
1660:
1655:
1654:
1636:
1631:
1626:
1621:
1616:
1611:
1606:
1601:
1594:
1589:
1584:
1579:
1574:
1569:
1564:
1559:
1513:
1507:
1504:
1501:
1499:
1453:
1437:
1280:
1263:, the Bhairava
1261:Sangita-darpana
1234:Sangita-darpana
1223:
1216:
1200:ethnomusicology
1012:
839:Bhakti movement
794:
633:
613:
612:
611:
610:
493:
414:. Some popular
264:
261:
258:
254:
251:
248:
244:
241:
238:
235:
205:
168:
47:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
8031:
8021:
8020:
8015:
8010:
8005:
8000:
7983:
7982:
7980:
7979:
7974:
7969:
7964:
7959:
7954:
7949:
7944:
7943:
7942:
7937:
7935:Shout-and-fall
7932:
7930:Melodic motion
7927:
7922:
7917:
7907:
7902:
7897:
7892:
7886:
7884:
7877:
7874:
7873:
7866:
7865:
7858:
7851:
7843:
7834:
7833:
7831:
7830:
7825:
7820:
7815:
7810:
7808:Carnatic music
7804:
7801:
7800:
7798:
7797:
7792:
7787:
7782:
7777:
7772:
7766:
7761:
7755:
7753:
7749:
7748:
7746:
7745:
7740:
7738:Sunadavinodini
7735:
7730:
7728:Shuddha Saveri
7725:
7720:
7715:
7710:
7705:
7700:
7695:
7690:
7684:
7682:
7678:
7677:
7675:
7674:
7669:
7664:
7659:
7654:
7649:
7644:
7639:
7634:
7629:
7624:
7619:
7614:
7608:
7606:
7602:
7601:
7599:
7598:
7593:
7588:
7583:
7578:
7573:
7568:
7563:
7557:
7555:
7551:
7550:
7548:
7547:
7542:
7537:
7532:
7527:
7522:
7517:
7512:
7507:
7502:
7497:
7491:
7489:
7485:
7484:
7482:
7481:
7476:
7471:
7466:
7461:
7456:
7451:
7446:
7441:
7436:
7431:
7426:
7424:Darbari Kanada
7421:
7415:
7413:
7409:
7408:
7406:
7405:
7400:
7395:
7390:
7385:
7380:
7375:
7370:
7365:
7360:
7355:
7350:
7348:Anandabhairavi
7345:
7340:
7338:Amritavarshini
7335:
7330:
7325:
7319:
7317:
7313:
7312:
7302:
7301:
7294:
7287:
7279:
7270:
7269:
7267:
7266:
7261:
7256:
7251:
7246:
7241:
7239:Carnatic music
7235:
7232:
7231:
7228:
7227:
7225:
7224:
7218:
7212:
7210:Nasikabhushani
7206:
7200:
7194:
7187:
7185:
7181:
7180:
7178:
7177:
7171:
7165:
7159:
7153:
7147:
7140:
7138:
7134:
7133:
7131:
7130:
7124:
7118:
7112:
7106:
7104:Shanmukhapriya
7100:
7093:
7091:
7087:
7086:
7084:
7083:
7077:
7071:
7065:
7059:
7053:
7046:
7044:
7037:
7036:
7034:
7033:
7027:
7021:
7015:
7009:
7003:
6996:
6994:
6987:
6986:
6984:
6983:
6977:
6971:
6965:
6959:
6953:
6946:
6944:
6934:
6926:
6925:
6922:
6921:
6919:
6918:
6912:
6906:
6900:
6894:
6888:
6881:
6879:
6872:
6871:
6869:
6868:
6862:
6856:
6850:
6844:
6838:
6831:
6829:
6825:
6824:
6822:
6821:
6815:
6809:
6807:Kharaharapriya
6803:
6797:
6791:
6789:Jhankaradhvani
6784:
6782:
6778:
6777:
6775:
6774:
6768:
6762:
6756:
6750:
6748:Vakulabharanam
6744:
6737:
6735:
6731:
6730:
6728:
6727:
6721:
6715:
6709:
6703:
6697:
6690:
6688:
6684:
6683:
6681:
6680:
6674:
6668:
6662:
6656:
6650:
6643:
6641:
6631:
6623:
6622:
6615:
6614:
6607:
6600:
6592:
6583:
6582:
6580:
6579:
6574:
6568:
6566:
6562:
6561:
6559:
6558:
6553:
6548:
6543:
6538:
6533:
6528:
6523:
6518:
6512:
6510:
6506:
6505:
6503:
6502:
6497:
6492:
6487:
6482:
6477:
6472:
6467:
6462:
6457:
6452:
6447:
6442:
6437:
6432:
6427:
6422:
6417:
6412:
6407:
6405:Chandani Kedar
6402:
6397:
6392:
6387:
6382:
6377:
6372:
6366:
6364:
6360:
6359:
6357:
6356:
6351:
6346:
6341:
6336:
6331:
6326:
6321:
6316:
6311:
6306:
6301:
6296:
6291:
6286:
6281:
6276:
6270:
6268:
6264:
6263:
6261:
6260:
6255:
6250:
6245:
6240:
6235:
6230:
6225:
6220:
6215:
6209:
6207:
6203:
6202:
6200:
6199:
6194:
6189:
6184:
6179:
6174:
6169:
6164:
6159:
6154:
6149:
6144:
6139:
6134:
6129:
6124:
6119:
6114:
6109:
6104:
6102:Basant Mukhari
6099:
6094:
6089:
6083:
6081:
6077:
6076:
6068:
6067:
6060:
6053:
6045:
6036:
6035:
6033:
6032:
6027:
6022:
6017:
6012:
6007:
6002:
5997:
5992:
5987:
5981:
5979:
5973:
5972:
5970:
5969:
5964:
5959:
5954:
5949:
5944:
5939:
5934:
5929:
5924:
5919:
5914:
5909:
5903:
5901:
5897:
5896:
5894:
5893:
5888:
5883:
5878:
5873:
5867:
5865:
5861:
5860:
5858:
5857:
5852:
5847:
5842:
5837:
5832:
5827:
5822:
5817:
5812:
5807:
5801:
5799:
5793:
5792:
5785:
5783:
5781:
5780:
5775:
5770:
5765:
5760:
5755:
5750:
5745:
5740:
5735:
5729:
5727:
5723:
5722:
5715:
5714:
5707:
5700:
5692:
5686:
5685:
5679:
5673:
5668:
5663:
5656:
5655:External links
5653:
5649:
5648:
5643:978-8120800564
5642:
5626:
5620:
5605:
5592:978-8187586357
5591:
5578:
5557:
5551:
5536:
5531:
5516:
5510:
5493:
5487:
5469:
5463:
5450:
5444:
5427:
5421:
5406:
5400:
5385:
5379:
5364:
5352:10.2307/833909
5335:
5329:
5314:
5301:
5289:10.2307/850775
5283:(2): 352â355.
5272:
5266:
5251:
5238:
5232:
5216:
5210:
5194:
5180:
5174:
5159:
5153:
5138:
5133:978-0823922871
5132:
5117:
5100:
5094:
5079:
5073:
5058:
5052:
5037:
5031:
5016:
5010:
4995:
4982:978-0253347800
4981:
4961:
4955:
4940:
4934:
4916:
4910:
4895:
4886:
4871:
4865:
4850:
4844:
4829:
4823:
4808:
4788:
4770:(3): 249â254.
4759:
4753:
4736:
4715:
4708:
4700:Nimbus Records
4695:The Raga Guide
4689:
4677:
4671:
4656:
4651:978-0872498556
4650:
4635:
4632:
4630:
4629:
4620:
4613:
4593:
4581:
4569:
4559:
4547:
4522:
4489:
4474:
4459:
4442:
4440:, p. 816.
4427:
4415:
4408:
4388:
4381:
4357:
4345:
4330:
4328:, p. 654.
4318:
4316:, p. 815.
4299:
4287:
4272:
4260:
4247:
4230:
4213:
4206:
4186:
4141:
4125:
4113:
4101:
4089:
4082:
4059:
4042:
4030:
4026:Lavezzoli 2006
4018:
4006:
3991:
3979:
3967:
3960:
3952:Nimbus Records
3947:The Raga Guide
3936:
3924:
3907:
3895:
3883:
3868:
3856:
3839:
3827:
3820:
3800:
3793:
3767:
3760:
3737:
3730:
3710:
3703:
3683:
3676:
3653:
3646:
3626:
3619:
3599:
3587:
3575:
3559:
3547:
3540:
3520:
3508:
3504:Lavezzoli 2006
3496:
3484:
3477:
3457:
3445:
3433:
3431:, p. 323.
3418:
3414:Schwartz (2004
3402:
3386:
3378:
3355:
3343:
3331:
3313:
3293:
3276:
3264:
3252:
3240:
3238:, p. 249.
3228:
3216:
3199:
3184:
3177:
3157:
3150:
3130:
3123:
3100:
3093:
3070:
3058:
3046:
3031:
2980:
2978:, p. 872.
2963:
2956:
2936:
2924:
2912:
2900:
2898:, p. 137.
2888:
2872:
2851:
2836:
2821:
2819:, p. 545.
2802:
2787:
2785:, p. 284.
2771:
2769:
2766:
2765:
2764:
2759:
2754:
2749:
2738:
2733:
2728:
2723:
2722:
2721:
2716:
2706:
2701:
2695:
2694:
2680:
2664:
2661:
2634:
2628:
2601:oral tradition
2588:
2585:
2468:Kharaharapriya
2450:Jhankaradhvani
2420:Vakulabharanam
2369:, Ganamurthi,
2289:Kharaharapriya
2213:Carnatic music
2205:Main article:
2202:
2199:
2029:
2028:
1993:
1960:
1955:
1930:
1904:(sadarana ga),
1895:
1885:(satsruti ri),
1862:
1857:
1851:
1850:
1845:
1840:
1835:
1830:
1825:
1820:
1815:
1809:
1808:
1803:
1798:
1793:
1788:
1783:
1778:
1773:
1751:
1750:
1731:
1712:
1707:
1691:F (suddha ma),
1688:
1669:
1650:
1645:
1639:
1638:
1633:
1628:
1623:
1618:
1613:
1608:
1603:
1597:
1596:
1591:
1586:
1581:
1576:
1571:
1566:
1561:
1505:
1496:
1452:
1449:
1436:
1433:
1279:
1276:
1215:
1212:
1194:, chairman of
1011:
1008:
814:(liberation).
793:
790:
731:Guidonian hand
601:
600:
594:
593:
492:
489:
210:[ɞäËÉĄ]
180:Carnatic music
170:
169:
167:
166:
159:
152:
144:
141:
140:
139:
138:
133:
127:
126:
121:
116:
111:
106:
101:
93:
92:
88:
87:
86:
85:
80:
75:
73:Carnatic music
67:
66:
58:
57:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
8030:
8019:
8016:
8014:
8013:Modes (music)
8011:
8009:
8006:
8004:
8001:
7999:
7996:
7995:
7993:
7978:
7975:
7973:
7970:
7968:
7965:
7963:
7960:
7958:
7955:
7953:
7950:
7948:
7945:
7941:
7938:
7936:
7933:
7931:
7928:
7926:
7923:
7921:
7918:
7916:
7913:
7912:
7911:
7908:
7906:
7903:
7901:
7898:
7896:
7893:
7891:
7888:
7887:
7881:
7875:
7871:
7864:
7859:
7857:
7852:
7850:
7845:
7844:
7841:
7829:
7826:
7824:
7821:
7819:
7816:
7814:
7811:
7809:
7806:
7805:
7802:
7796:
7795:Yamunakalyani
7793:
7791:
7788:
7786:
7783:
7781:
7778:
7776:
7773:
7770:
7767:
7765:
7762:
7760:
7757:
7756:
7754:
7750:
7744:
7741:
7739:
7736:
7734:
7731:
7729:
7726:
7724:
7723:Shree ranjani
7721:
7719:
7716:
7714:
7713:Sri Tyagaraja
7711:
7709:
7706:
7704:
7701:
7699:
7696:
7694:
7691:
7689:
7686:
7685:
7683:
7679:
7673:
7670:
7668:
7665:
7663:
7660:
7658:
7655:
7653:
7652:Punnagavarali
7650:
7648:
7645:
7643:
7640:
7638:
7635:
7633:
7630:
7628:
7625:
7623:
7620:
7618:
7617:Nagasvaravali
7615:
7613:
7610:
7609:
7607:
7603:
7597:
7594:
7592:
7589:
7587:
7586:Mohanakalyani
7584:
7582:
7581:Malayamarutam
7579:
7577:
7574:
7572:
7569:
7567:
7564:
7562:
7559:
7558:
7556:
7552:
7546:
7543:
7541:
7538:
7536:
7533:
7531:
7528:
7526:
7523:
7521:
7518:
7516:
7513:
7511:
7508:
7506:
7503:
7501:
7498:
7496:
7493:
7492:
7490:
7486:
7480:
7477:
7475:
7472:
7470:
7467:
7465:
7462:
7460:
7457:
7455:
7452:
7450:
7447:
7445:
7442:
7440:
7437:
7435:
7432:
7430:
7427:
7425:
7422:
7420:
7417:
7416:
7414:
7410:
7404:
7401:
7399:
7396:
7394:
7391:
7389:
7386:
7384:
7381:
7379:
7376:
7374:
7371:
7369:
7366:
7364:
7361:
7359:
7356:
7354:
7351:
7349:
7346:
7344:
7341:
7339:
7336:
7334:
7331:
7329:
7326:
7324:
7321:
7320:
7318:
7314:
7310:
7307:
7300:
7295:
7293:
7288:
7286:
7281:
7280:
7277:
7265:
7262:
7260:
7257:
7255:
7252:
7250:
7247:
7245:
7242:
7240:
7237:
7236:
7233:
7223:
7219:
7217:
7213:
7211:
7207:
7205:
7201:
7199:
7195:
7193:
7189:
7188:
7186:
7184:Aditya chakra
7182:
7176:
7172:
7170:
7166:
7164:
7160:
7158:
7154:
7152:
7151:Rishabhapriya
7148:
7146:
7142:
7141:
7139:
7135:
7129:
7125:
7123:
7119:
7117:
7113:
7111:
7107:
7105:
7101:
7099:
7095:
7094:
7092:
7088:
7082:
7078:
7076:
7072:
7070:
7066:
7064:
7060:
7058:
7054:
7052:
7048:
7047:
7045:
7042:
7038:
7032:
7028:
7026:
7022:
7020:
7016:
7014:
7010:
7008:
7004:
7002:
6998:
6997:
6995:
6992:
6988:
6982:
6978:
6976:
6972:
6970:
6966:
6964:
6960:
6958:
6954:
6952:
6948:
6947:
6945:
6942:
6938:
6935:
6927:
6917:
6913:
6911:
6907:
6905:
6904:Vagadheeswari
6901:
6899:
6895:
6893:
6889:
6887:
6883:
6882:
6880:
6877:
6873:
6867:
6863:
6861:
6857:
6855:
6851:
6849:
6845:
6843:
6839:
6837:
6833:
6832:
6830:
6826:
6820:
6816:
6814:
6813:Gourimanohari
6810:
6808:
6804:
6802:
6798:
6796:
6792:
6790:
6786:
6785:
6783:
6779:
6773:
6769:
6767:
6763:
6761:
6757:
6755:
6751:
6749:
6745:
6743:
6739:
6738:
6736:
6732:
6726:
6722:
6720:
6716:
6714:
6710:
6708:
6704:
6702:
6698:
6696:
6692:
6691:
6689:
6685:
6679:
6675:
6673:
6669:
6667:
6663:
6661:
6657:
6655:
6651:
6649:
6645:
6644:
6642:
6639:
6635:
6632:
6624:
6620:
6613:
6608:
6606:
6601:
6599:
6594:
6593:
6590:
6578:
6575:
6573:
6570:
6569:
6567:
6563:
6557:
6554:
6552:
6549:
6547:
6544:
6542:
6539:
6537:
6536:JanaSammohini
6534:
6532:
6529:
6527:
6524:
6522:
6519:
6517:
6514:
6513:
6511:
6507:
6501:
6498:
6496:
6493:
6491:
6488:
6486:
6483:
6481:
6478:
6476:
6473:
6471:
6468:
6466:
6463:
6461:
6458:
6456:
6453:
6451:
6448:
6446:
6443:
6441:
6438:
6436:
6433:
6431:
6430:Gorakh Kalyan
6428:
6426:
6423:
6421:
6418:
6416:
6413:
6411:
6408:
6406:
6403:
6401:
6398:
6396:
6393:
6391:
6390:Bhinna Shadja
6388:
6386:
6383:
6381:
6378:
6376:
6373:
6371:
6368:
6367:
6365:
6361:
6355:
6352:
6350:
6347:
6345:
6342:
6340:
6339:Shuddh Kalyan
6337:
6335:
6332:
6330:
6327:
6325:
6322:
6320:
6317:
6315:
6312:
6310:
6307:
6305:
6302:
6300:
6297:
6295:
6292:
6290:
6287:
6285:
6282:
6280:
6277:
6275:
6274:Amrith Kalyan
6272:
6271:
6269:
6265:
6259:
6258:Shuddh Sarang
6256:
6254:
6251:
6249:
6246:
6244:
6241:
6239:
6236:
6234:
6231:
6229:
6226:
6224:
6221:
6219:
6216:
6214:
6211:
6210:
6208:
6204:
6198:
6195:
6193:
6190:
6188:
6185:
6183:
6180:
6178:
6175:
6173:
6170:
6168:
6165:
6163:
6160:
6158:
6155:
6153:
6150:
6148:
6145:
6143:
6140:
6138:
6135:
6133:
6130:
6128:
6125:
6123:
6120:
6118:
6115:
6113:
6110:
6108:
6105:
6103:
6100:
6098:
6095:
6093:
6090:
6088:
6085:
6084:
6082:
6078:
6073:
6066:
6061:
6059:
6054:
6052:
6047:
6046:
6043:
6031:
6028:
6026:
6023:
6021:
6018:
6016:
6013:
6011:
6008:
6006:
6003:
6001:
5998:
5996:
5993:
5991:
5988:
5986:
5983:
5982:
5980:
5978:
5974:
5968:
5965:
5963:
5960:
5958:
5955:
5953:
5950:
5948:
5945:
5943:
5940:
5938:
5935:
5933:
5930:
5928:
5925:
5923:
5920:
5918:
5915:
5913:
5910:
5908:
5905:
5904:
5902:
5898:
5892:
5889:
5887:
5884:
5882:
5879:
5877:
5874:
5872:
5869:
5868:
5866:
5862:
5856:
5853:
5851:
5848:
5846:
5843:
5841:
5838:
5836:
5833:
5831:
5828:
5826:
5823:
5821:
5818:
5816:
5813:
5811:
5808:
5806:
5803:
5802:
5800:
5798:
5794:
5789:
5779:
5776:
5774:
5771:
5769:
5766:
5764:
5761:
5759:
5756:
5754:
5751:
5749:
5746:
5744:
5741:
5739:
5736:
5734:
5731:
5730:
5728:
5724:
5720:
5713:
5708:
5706:
5701:
5699:
5694:
5693:
5690:
5683:
5680:
5677:
5674:
5672:
5669:
5667:
5664:
5662:
5659:
5658:
5652:
5645:
5639:
5635:
5631:
5627:
5623:
5617:
5613:
5612:
5606:
5602:
5598:
5594:
5588:
5584:
5579:
5577:
5571:
5567:
5563:
5558:
5554:
5548:
5544:
5543:
5537:
5534:
5528:
5524:
5523:
5517:
5513:
5507:
5502:
5501:
5494:
5490:
5484:
5480:
5479:
5474:
5470:
5466:
5460:
5456:
5451:
5447:
5441:
5436:
5435:
5428:
5424:
5418:
5414:
5413:
5407:
5403:
5397:
5394:. Routledge.
5393:
5392:
5386:
5382:
5376:
5372:
5371:
5365:
5361:
5357:
5353:
5349:
5345:
5341:
5336:
5332:
5326:
5322:
5321:
5315:
5311:
5307:
5302:
5298:
5294:
5290:
5286:
5282:
5278:
5273:
5269:
5263:
5259:
5258:
5252:
5248:
5244:
5239:
5235:
5229:
5225:
5221:
5217:
5213:
5207:
5203:
5199:
5195:
5191:
5190:
5185:
5181:
5177:
5171:
5167:
5166:
5160:
5156:
5150:
5146:
5145:
5139:
5135:
5129:
5125:
5124:
5118:
5114:
5110:
5106:
5101:
5097:
5091:
5087:
5086:
5080:
5076:
5070:
5066:
5065:
5059:
5055:
5049:
5045:
5044:
5038:
5034:
5028:
5024:
5023:
5017:
5013:
5007:
5003:
5002:
4996:
4992:
4988:
4984:
4978:
4973:
4972:
4966:
4962:
4958:
4952:
4948:
4947:
4941:
4937:
4931:
4927:
4926:
4921:
4917:
4913:
4907:
4903:
4902:
4896:
4894:
4889:
4883:
4880:. Chronicle.
4879:
4878:
4872:
4868:
4862:
4858:
4857:
4851:
4847:
4841:
4837:
4836:
4830:
4826:
4820:
4816:
4815:
4809:
4805:
4801:
4797:
4793:
4789:
4785:
4781:
4777:
4773:
4769:
4765:
4760:
4756:
4750:
4745:
4744:
4737:
4733:
4729:
4726:(3): 454â80.
4725:
4721:
4716:
4711:
4705:
4701:
4697:
4696:
4690:
4686:
4682:
4678:
4674:
4668:
4664:
4663:
4657:
4653:
4647:
4643:
4638:
4637:
4624:
4616:
4610:
4606:
4605:
4597:
4591:, p. 22.
4590:
4585:
4578:
4573:
4563:
4556:
4551:
4536:
4532:
4526:
4512:
4508:
4504:
4500:
4493:
4486:
4481:
4479:
4471:
4466:
4464:
4456:
4455:CaudhurÄĢ 2000
4451:
4449:
4447:
4439:
4434:
4432:
4424:
4419:
4411:
4405:
4401:
4400:
4392:
4384:
4378:
4374:
4373:
4368:
4367:Jamila Massey
4361:
4354:
4349:
4342:
4337:
4335:
4327:
4322:
4315:
4310:
4308:
4306:
4304:
4296:
4291:
4284:
4279:
4277:
4269:
4264:
4257:
4251:
4244:
4240:
4234:
4228:, p. 14.
4227:
4222:
4220:
4218:
4209:
4203:
4199:
4198:
4190:
4182:
4178:
4174:
4170:
4165:
4160:
4156:
4152:
4145:
4138:
4134:
4129:
4122:
4117:
4111:, p. 36.
4110:
4105:
4098:
4093:
4085:
4079:
4075:
4074:
4066:
4064:
4056:
4051:
4049:
4047:
4039:
4034:
4027:
4022:
4015:
4010:
4003:
3998:
3996:
3988:
3983:
3977:, p. 45.
3976:
3971:
3963:
3957:
3953:
3949:
3948:
3940:
3933:
3928:
3922:, p. 67.
3921:
3916:
3914:
3912:
3904:
3899:
3892:
3887:
3880:
3875:
3873:
3865:
3864:Kaufmann 1968
3860:
3853:
3852:Martinez 2001
3848:
3846:
3844:
3836:
3831:
3823:
3817:
3813:
3812:
3804:
3796:
3790:
3786:
3781:
3780:
3771:
3763:
3757:
3753:
3752:
3744:
3742:
3733:
3727:
3723:
3722:
3714:
3706:
3700:
3696:
3695:
3687:
3679:
3673:
3669:
3668:
3660:
3658:
3649:
3643:
3639:
3638:
3630:
3622:
3616:
3612:
3611:
3603:
3596:
3591:
3584:
3579:
3572:
3568:
3563:
3556:
3551:
3543:
3537:
3533:
3532:
3524:
3517:
3512:
3505:
3500:
3493:
3488:
3480:
3474:
3470:
3469:
3461:
3454:
3449:
3442:
3437:
3430:
3425:
3423:
3415:
3411:
3406:
3397:
3390:
3381:
3375:
3371:
3370:
3362:
3360:
3352:
3347:
3340:
3339:CaudhurÄĢ 2000
3335:
3327:
3326:
3316:
3310:
3306:
3305:
3297:
3290:
3285:
3283:
3281:
3273:
3268:
3261:
3256:
3249:
3244:
3237:
3232:
3226:, p. 41.
3225:
3224:Kaufmann 1968
3220:
3213:
3208:
3206:
3204:
3196:
3191:
3189:
3180:
3174:
3170:
3169:
3161:
3153:
3147:
3143:
3142:
3134:
3126:
3120:
3116:
3115:
3107:
3105:
3096:
3090:
3086:
3085:
3077:
3075:
3067:
3062:
3055:
3050:
3043:
3038:
3036:
3027:
3023:
3018:
3013:
3008:
3003:
2999:
2995:
2991:
2984:
2977:
2972:
2970:
2968:
2959:
2953:
2949:
2948:
2940:
2933:
2928:
2921:
2916:
2909:
2904:
2897:
2892:
2885:
2881:
2876:
2869:
2864:
2862:
2860:
2858:
2856:
2848:
2843:
2841:
2833:
2828:
2826:
2818:
2813:
2811:
2809:
2807:
2799:
2794:
2792:
2784:
2779:
2777:
2772:
2763:
2760:
2758:
2755:
2753:
2750:
2748:
2744:
2743:
2739:
2737:
2734:
2732:
2729:
2727:
2724:
2720:
2717:
2715:
2712:
2711:
2710:
2709:Carnatic raga
2707:
2705:
2702:
2700:
2697:
2696:
2692:
2681:
2678:
2667:
2660:
2658:
2654:
2653:Hormoz Farhat
2650:
2646:
2642:
2641:
2633:
2627:
2625:
2620:
2616:
2612:
2608:
2607:
2602:
2598:
2594:
2584:
2582:
2581:
2576:
2572:
2571:
2566:
2565:
2560:
2559:
2554:
2553:
2548:
2547:
2542:
2541:
2540:Vagadheeswari
2536:
2535:
2530:
2529:
2524:
2523:
2518:
2517:
2512:
2511:
2506:
2505:
2500:
2499:
2494:
2493:
2488:
2487:
2482:
2481:
2476:
2475:
2474:Gourimanohari
2470:
2469:
2464:
2463:
2458:
2457:
2452:
2451:
2446:
2445:
2440:
2439:
2434:
2433:
2428:
2427:
2422:
2421:
2416:
2415:
2410:
2409:
2404:
2403:
2398:
2397:
2392:
2391:
2386:
2385:
2380:
2379:
2374:
2373:
2368:
2367:
2362:
2361:
2355:
2351:
2349:
2348:
2343:
2342:
2337:
2336:
2331:
2330:
2325:
2324:
2319:
2318:
2313:
2309:
2308:
2303:
2302:
2297:
2296:
2291:
2290:
2285:
2284:
2279:
2278:
2273:
2272:
2267:
2263:
2261:
2255:
2252:
2248:
2246:
2241:
2237:
2236:
2230:
2228:
2224:
2220:
2219:
2214:
2208:
2207:Carnatic rÄga
2201:Carnatic rÄga
2198:
2196:
2191:
2187:
2186:
2181:
2177:
2173:
2171:
2164:
2162:
2157:
2155:
2151:
2147:
2143:
2139:
2135:
2131:
2127:
2123:
2119:
2115:
2111:
2107:
2104:), where the
2103:
2099:
2095:
2091:
2087:
2083:
2079:
2074:
2072:
2068:
2064:
2060:
2056:
2052:
2048:
2044:
2040:
2036:
2016:
2009:
2002:(kaisiki ni),
1994:
1973:
1961:
1956:
1951:
1931:
1918:
1911:
1896:
1875:
1863:
1858:
1853:
1852:
1846:
1841:
1836:
1831:
1826:
1821:
1816:
1811:
1810:
1770:
1766:
1763:
1759:
1746:
1732:
1727:
1713:
1708:
1703:
1689:
1684:
1670:
1665:
1651:
1646:
1641:
1640:
1634:
1629:
1624:
1619:
1614:
1609:
1604:
1599:
1598:
1558:
1554:
1551:
1547:
1541:
1539:
1535:
1531:
1527:
1523:
1519:
1510:
1509:Natya Shastra
1503:
1498:ā¤¤ā¤¤āĨā¤° ā¤¸āĨā¤ĩā¤°ā¤žā¤ â
1494:
1492:
1488:
1487:Natya Shastra
1484:
1480:
1476:
1475:
1470:
1466:
1462:
1458:
1448:
1446:
1442:
1432:
1430:
1426:
1422:
1418:
1414:
1410:
1406:
1402:
1398:
1394:
1390:
1386:
1382:
1377:
1376:, and so on.
1375:
1371:
1367:
1363:
1359:
1358:
1353:
1348:
1346:
1342:
1338:
1334:
1330:
1326:
1322:
1321:
1316:
1312:
1308:
1304:
1300:
1295:
1293:
1289:
1285:
1275:
1272:
1270:
1266:
1262:
1257:
1255:
1251:
1247:
1243:
1239:
1235:
1231:
1227:
1221:
1211:
1209:
1205:
1201:
1197:
1193:
1189:
1184:
1182:
1178:
1174:
1173:
1168:
1164:
1160:
1156:
1152:
1148:
1143:
1141:
1137:
1136:
1131:
1127:
1122:
1118:
1114:
1110:
1106:
1102:
1098:
1094:
1089:
1087:
1082:
1078:
1073:
1068:
1066:
1062:
1058:
1054:
1047:
1046:
1041:
1036:
1032:
1030:
1026:
1022:
1017:
1007:
1005:
1000:
999:
994:
993:
988:
983:
981:
977:
973:
972:
967:
962:
960:
956:
955:
950:
946:
942:
938:
934:
930:
926:
921:
919:
915:
911:
907:
903:
899:
898:
892:
890:
886:
882:
881:
876:
872:
868:
864:
860:
856:
852:
848:
844:
840:
835:
833:
829:
828:
823:
822:
817:
813:
809:
805:
803:
799:
789:
787:
786:
781:
777:
773:
772:
767:
763:
759:
755:
750:
748:
744:
740:
736:
732:
728:
723:
722:Naradiyasiksa
718:
716:
715:Natya Shastra
712:
708:
704:
700:
696:
692:
688:
687:
681:
679:
675:
674:
673:Natya Shastra
669:
668:Naradiyasiksa
665:
660:
656:
655:
650:
647:According to
645:
643:
639:
628:
624:
623:
618:
608:
604:
598:
589:
585:
583:
579:
575:
571:
567:
563:
559:
555:
554:
549:
548:
543:
542:
541:Bhagavad Gita
537:
533:
528:
526:
522:
518:
514:
510:
506:
502:
498:
488:
486:
482:
478:
474:
473:
468:
467:
462:
458:
454:
450:
447:or the svara
446:
442:
441:
436:
432:
427:
425:
421:
417:
413:
409:
406:tradition in
405:
404:
399:
395:
394:
389:
385:
381:
377:
373:
372:
367:
363:
362:
356:
354:
350:
346:
342:
338:
334:
330:
326:
322:
318:
314:
310:
306:
302:
298:
294:
290:
285:
282:
278:
274:
270:
230:
229:
224:
223:
218:
217:
211:
203:
201:
195:
191:
190:
181:
176:
165:
160:
158:
153:
151:
146:
145:
143:
142:
137:
134:
132:
129:
128:
125:
122:
120:
117:
115:
112:
110:
107:
105:
102:
100:
97:
96:
95:
94:
90:
89:
84:
81:
79:
76:
74:
71:
70:
69:
68:
64:
60:
59:
56:
53:
52:
49:
45:
41:
37:
33:
19:
7971:
7915:Double tonic
7870:Melody types
7708:Shivaranjani
7627:Nattakurinji
7612:Nada Kalyani
7571:Madhyamavati
7474:Jana Ranjani
7444:Garudadhvani
7439:Gambhiranata
7429:Devagandhari
7308:
7248:
7204:Dhatuvardani
7169:Mechakalyani
7137:Rudra chakra
7075:Gamanashrama
7057:Namanarayani
7051:Dhavalambari
6892:Ragavardhini
6854:Harikambhoji
6795:Natabhairavi
6687:Netra chakra
6577:Miyan Malhar
6410:Chandrakauns
6354:Yaman Kalyan
6294:Hamsa Kalyan
6122:Bhoopal Todi
6087:Ahir Bhairav
6071:
5957:NatyaSangeet
5747:
5650:
5633:
5610:
5582:
5561:
5545:. Springer.
5541:
5521:
5499:
5477:
5454:
5433:
5411:
5390:
5369:
5346:(2): 22â31.
5343:
5339:
5319:
5309:
5280:
5276:
5256:
5246:
5223:
5201:
5188:
5164:
5143:
5122:
5105:Natyashastra
5104:
5084:
5063:
5042:
5021:
5000:
4970:
4945:
4924:
4900:
4876:
4855:
4834:
4813:
4795:
4767:
4763:
4742:
4723:
4719:
4694:
4684:
4661:
4641:
4634:Bibliography
4623:
4603:
4596:
4584:
4572:
4562:
4550:
4539:. Retrieved
4537:. 2016-11-22
4534:
4525:
4514:. Retrieved
4502:
4492:
4484:
4469:
4418:
4398:
4391:
4371:
4360:
4348:
4321:
4290:
4263:
4250:
4242:
4233:
4196:
4189:
4157:(1): 31â33.
4154:
4150:
4144:
4133:Forster 2010
4128:
4116:
4104:
4092:
4072:
4033:
4021:
4009:
4002:Dehejia 2013
3987:Dehejia 2013
3982:
3970:
3946:
3939:
3927:
3898:
3893:, p. 5.
3886:
3866:, p. v.
3859:
3830:
3810:
3803:
3778:
3770:
3750:
3720:
3713:
3693:
3686:
3666:
3636:
3629:
3609:
3602:
3595:Kelting 2001
3590:
3578:
3570:
3562:
3550:
3530:
3523:
3511:
3499:
3487:
3467:
3460:
3448:
3436:
3405:
3389:
3368:
3346:
3334:
3324:
3303:
3296:
3291:, p. 2.
3267:
3255:
3243:
3231:
3219:
3197:, p. 3.
3167:
3160:
3140:
3133:
3113:
3083:
3061:
3049:
2997:
2993:
2983:
2946:
2939:
2927:
2915:
2903:
2891:
2875:
2757:Arabic maqam
2747:Ravi Shankar
2740:
2691:Music portal
2677:India portal
2656:
2648:
2644:
2638:
2636:
2631:
2618:
2614:
2610:
2604:
2596:
2590:
2578:
2568:
2562:
2556:
2550:
2544:
2538:
2532:
2528:Ragavardhini
2526:
2520:
2514:
2508:
2504:Harikambhoji
2502:
2496:
2490:
2484:
2478:
2472:
2466:
2460:
2456:Natabhairavi
2454:
2448:
2442:
2436:
2430:
2424:
2418:
2412:
2406:
2400:
2394:
2388:
2382:
2376:
2370:
2364:
2358:
2356:
2352:
2345:
2339:
2333:
2327:
2321:
2315:
2305:
2299:
2293:
2287:
2281:
2277:Harikambhoji
2275:
2269:
2265:
2258:
2256:
2251:Asrita rÄgas
2250:
2243:
2239:
2233:
2231:
2226:
2222:
2216:
2210:
2194:
2183:
2179:
2175:
2167:
2165:
2158:
2153:
2149:
2145:
2141:
2137:
2133:
2129:
2125:
2121:
2113:
2109:
2105:
2101:
2097:
2093:
2089:
2085:
2081:
2077:
2075:
2066:
2063:Natyashastra
2062:
2054:
2046:
2042:
2038:
2035:Natyashastra
2034:
2032:
1761:
1757:
1721:(komal dha),
1549:
1545:
1537:
1533:
1529:
1525:
1517:
1515:
1508:
1497:
1490:
1486:
1482:
1478:
1472:
1454:
1444:
1440:
1438:
1428:
1424:
1420:
1416:
1412:
1408:
1404:
1400:
1396:
1392:
1388:
1385:Hindola rÄga
1384:
1380:
1378:
1369:
1361:
1355:
1351:
1349:
1341:Hindu temple
1332:
1328:
1320:Hindola rÄga
1318:
1306:
1298:
1296:
1291:
1287:
1283:
1281:
1273:
1268:
1264:
1260:
1258:
1253:
1241:
1240:with thirty
1237:
1233:
1225:
1224:
1204:transilience
1187:
1185:
1180:
1170:
1166:
1162:
1158:
1154:
1150:
1146:
1144:
1139:
1133:
1129:
1125:
1120:
1116:
1112:
1108:
1104:
1096:
1092:
1090:
1085:
1080:
1076:
1071:
1069:
1064:
1060:
1052:
1050:
1043:
1042:duet called
1039:
1020:
1015:
1013:
1003:
996:
990:
984:
979:
975:
969:
963:
961:in Sikhism.
958:
952:
948:
944:
940:
924:
922:
917:
913:
895:
893:
888:
878:
870:
862:
858:
854:
842:
836:
831:
825:
819:
815:
807:
806:
804:) purposes.
801:
797:
795:
785:Panchatantra
783:
769:
765:
761:
757:
753:
751:
746:
738:
734:
726:
721:
719:
714:
710:
706:
702:
698:
694:
690:
684:
682:
678:Bharata Muni
671:
667:
658:
652:
646:
641:
637:
627:Mataáš
ga Muni
620:
616:
614:
606:
602:
581:
569:
565:
561:
557:
551:
545:
539:
529:
508:
500:
494:
484:
480:
476:
470:
464:
460:
456:
452:
438:
428:
423:
401:
391:
383:
379:
376:South Indian
369:
366:North Indian
359:
357:
352:
348:
344:
340:
332:
316:
304:
300:
296:
292:
288:
286:
280:
276:
273:melodic mode
227:
226:
221:
220:
215:
214:
197:
188:
187:
185:
113:
83:Odissi music
48:
7940:Tune-family
7910:Modal frame
7718:Shree ragam
7662:Reethigowla
7525:Kedaragaula
7454:Hamsadhvani
7259:Janya ragas
7222:Rasikapriya
7175:Chitrambari
7090:Disi chakra
7081:Vishwambari
7063:Kamavardani
6963:Jhalavarali
6866:Naganandini
6836:Mararanjani
6828:Bana chakra
6819:Varunapriya
6781:Veda chakra
6772:Hatakambari
6766:Suryakantam
6760:Chakravakam
6742:Gayakapriya
6734:Agni chakra
6719:Kokilapriya
6713:Natakapriya
6572:Gaud Malhar
6500:Tilak Kamod
6495:Shivranjani
6440:Jaijaivanti
6329:Sham Kalyan
6218:Gaud Sarang
6182:Nat Bhairav
5797:Instruments
5525:, Cengage,
5340:Asian Music
4683:(1968â73).
4555:Tenzer 2006
4438:Randel 2003
4423:Randel 2003
4314:Randel 2003
4283:Randel 2003
4097:Sastri 1943
4038:Randel 2003
4016:, p. .
3583:Powers 1984
3567:Sastri 1943
3555:Rowell 2015
3248:Lidova 2014
2908:Kapoor 2005
2570:Jhalavarali
2516:Naganandini
2486:Mararanjani
2480:Varunapriya
2444:Hatakambari
2438:Suryakantam
2432:Chakravakam
2414:Gayakapriya
2402:Kokilapriya
2396:Natakapriya
2227:Janaka rÄga
2223:Asraya rÄga
2218:Melakarthas
2026:(kakali ni)
1958:G (pancama)
1939:(prati ma),
1928:(antara ga)
1740:(komal ni),
1710:G (pancama)
1678:(komal ga),
1659:(komal re),
1469:seven tones
1401:Bhinnasadja
1391:in summer,
1317:of sound).
1269:putra rÄgas
1101:Bruno Nettl
1010:Description
998:Dasha-shila
910:Maharashtra
837:During the
782:and in the
771:Mahabharata
659:Brihaddeshi
657:section of
638:Brihaddeshi
622:Brihaddeshi
521:Khwarezmian
503:(Sanskrit:
491:Terminology
40:Ragas (fly)
7992:Categories
7977:Shashmaqam
7566:Madhuvanti
7464:Hamsanandi
7459:Hamsanadam
7192:Sucharitra
7163:Vachaspati
7122:Dharmavati
7098:Shamalangi
7025:Suvarnangi
7007:Bhavapriya
7001:Gavambhodi
6981:Raghupriya
6969:Navaneetam
6957:Jalarnavam
6701:Hanumatodi
6521:Charukeshi
6309:Maru Bihag
6289:Hansdhwani
6223:Madhuvanti
6213:Bhimpalasi
4541:2021-08-11
4516:2021-08-11
4254:Sanskrit:
3932:Mehta 1995
3516:Brown 2014
3453:Staal 2009
3429:Dalal 2014
2920:Salhi 2013
2868:Nettl 2010
2768:References
2575:Navaneetam
2564:Jalarnavam
2384:Hanumatodi
2372:Vanaspathi
2307:Hanumatodi
2274:rÄgas are
2260:Katapayadi
2188:(ā¤¸ā¤ā¤ĒāĨā¤°āĨā¤Ŗ,
2120:using ten
1972:suddha dha
1787:(ā¤ā¤žā¤¨āĨā¤§ā¤žā¤°)
1726:suddha dha
1575:(ā¤ā¤žā¤¨āĨā¤§ā¤žā¤°)
1431:to night.
1393:Sadjagrama
1288:Hindustani
1230:Devanagari
1045:Jugalbandi
937:Guru Nanak
902:Sarngadeva
778:, used by
741:(matrix).(
640:describes
578:impurities
412:South Asia
361:Hindustani
271:akin to a
7667:Revagupti
7145:Kantamani
7128:Neetimati
7069:Ramapriya
7031:Divyamani
6916:Chalanata
6886:Yagapriya
6848:Sarasangi
6842:Charukesi
6801:Keeravani
6666:Vanaspati
6660:Ganamurti
6648:Kanakangi
6445:Jhinjhoti
6415:Chhayanat
6206:Afternoon
6172:Kalingada
5845:Harmonium
5778:Swaralipi
5601:286469807
5570:233639306
4589:Ries 1969
4535:Firstpost
4511:0971-751X
4503:The Hindu
4470:Raganidhi
4159:CiteSeerX
3441:Beck 1993
3410:Beck 2012
3272:Kane 1971
3236:Dace 1963
2884:Amir Khan
2880:Raja n.d.
2752:Raga rock
2597:parampara
2595:âShishya
2552:Chalanata
2522:Yagapriya
2498:Sarasangi
2492:Charukesi
2462:Keeravani
2378:Manavathi
2360:Kanakangi
2271:Melakarta
2266:Melakarta
2110:uttaranga
2094:uttaranga
2055:murchanas
2015:suddha ni
1950:suddha ma
1917:suddha ga
1874:suddha ri
1860:C (sadja)
1800:Dhaivatam
1790:Madhyamam
1785:Gandharam
1756:Svara in
1745:suddha ni
1683:suddha ga
1664:suddha re
1648:C (sadja)
1544:Svara in
1471:, called
1451:Notations
1374:Asvamedha
1366:Agnistoma
1307:Kamasutra
1246:Rajasthan
1208:ornaments
1099:, states
992:Tripitaka
931:, and in
821:Sama Veda
760:. Later,
743:Khan 1996
615:The term
461:uttaranga
257: or
247: or
242:colouring
7785:Vasantha
7698:Saramati
7637:Niroshta
7576:Malahari
7505:Kambhoji
7495:Kalavati
7479:Jaunpuri
7469:Hindolam
7434:Dhanyasi
7398:Bilahari
7393:Bhupalam
7383:Bhairavi
7378:Bahudari
7373:Bageshri
7353:Andolika
7116:Hemavati
6931:Madhyama
6725:Rupavati
6695:Senavati
6678:Tanarupi
6672:Manavati
6654:Ratnangi
6628:Madhyama
6516:Bhairavi
6490:Rageshri
6475:Malkauns
6465:Malgunji
6450:Kalavati
6375:Bageshri
6334:Shankara
6279:Bhoopali
6162:Jaunpuri
6117:Bhatiyar
6010:Bhairavi
5932:Bhatiali
5855:Pakhavaj
5726:Concepts
5632:(2008).
5475:(1974).
5222:(2012).
5200:(2012).
5186:(1899),
4967:(1968).
4922:(1995).
4794:(1949).
4369:(1996).
4181:36631020
3260:Lal 2004
3026:25983702
2663:See also
2630:Persian
2587:Training
2408:Rupavati
2366:Ratnangi
2347:Kambhoji
2335:Hindolam
2329:Bhairavi
2190:Sanskrit
2185:sampurna
2180:shaadava
2146:hindolam
2106:purvanga
2090:purvanga
2023:♮
1999:♭
1988:♮
1980:♯
1966:♭
1944:♮
1936:♯
1925:♮
1901:♭
1890:♮
1882:♯
1868:♭
1814:(Short)
1807:(ā¤¨ā¤ŋā¤ˇā¤žā¤Ļ)
1805:Nishadam
1797:(ā¤Ēā¤āĨā¤ā¤Ž)
1795:PaÃącamam
1792:(ā¤Žā¤§āĨā¤¯ā¤Ž)
1780:Risabham
1737:♭
1718:♭
1702:tivra ma
1696:♯
1675:♭
1656:♭
1602:(Short)
1595:(ā¤¨ā¤ŋā¤ˇā¤žā¤Ļ)
1588:Dhaivata
1585:(ā¤Ēā¤āĨā¤ā¤Ž)
1580:(ā¤Žā¤§āĨā¤¯ā¤Ž)
1578:Madhyama
1573:Gandhara
1568:Rishabha
1506:â
1345:ragamala
1292:Carnatic
780:Kalidasa
747:prastÄra
739:prastÄra
707:SrI-rÄga
695:Kaushika
691:Bhairava
654:Dattilam
574:Buddhism
536:Hinduism
497:Sanskrit
457:purvanga
371:Carnatic
321:Malkauns
252:tingeing
109:Alankara
91:Concepts
7890:Dastgah
7743:Surutti
7657:Ranjani
7642:Pharaju
7596:Mukhari
7591:Mohanam
7545:Lavangi
7540:Lalitha
7530:Kedaram
7388:Bhimsen
7363:Asaveri
7216:Kosalam
7157:Latangi
6951:Salagam
6910:Shulini
6707:Dhenuka
6626:Shuddha
6509:Anytime
6460:Kirwani
6420:Darbari
6395:Bhimsen
6267:Evening
6243:Patdeep
6238:Multani
6152:Gurjari
6147:Gunakri
6137:Deshkar
6132:Bilawal
6112:Bhankar
6107:Bhairav
6092:Asavari
6080:Morning
6005:Bhairav
6000:Asavari
5985:Bilaval
5962:Qawwali
5871:Dhrupad
5840:Tanpura
5835:Sarangi
5830:Shehnai
5825:Santoor
5820:Bansuri
5773:Gharana
5768:Bandish
4784:3204783
3610:Sikhism
3017:4415143
3000:: 513.
2615:gharana
2606:gharana
2558:Salagam
2546:Shulini
2390:Dhenuka
2341:Mohanam
2283:Kalyani
2170:surtara
2128:. Some
1802:(ā¤§āĨā¤ĩā¤¤)
1777:(ā¤ˇā¤ĄāĨā¤)
1775:Shadjam
1772:(Long)
1593:Nishada
1590:(ā¤§āĨā¤ĩā¤¤)
1583:PaÃącham
1565:(ā¤ˇā¤ĄāĨā¤)
1560:(Long)
1522:solfege
1511:, 28.21
1481:). The
1405:Kaisika
1389:Pancama
1329:Hindola
1325:Krishna
1315:Brahman
971:qawwali
959:kirtans
933:Sikhism
929:Jainism
889:Hindola
885:Krishna
880:Bhairav
827:Rigveda
699:Hindola
517:Persian
472:samvadi
420:ghazals
403:qawwali
398:Sikhism
325:Darbari
319:s like
313:Shahana
307:s like
236:
213:; also
131:Sangita
7957:Pathet
7947:Mugham
7813:Swaras
7780:Varali
7775:Valaji
7764:Tilang
7703:Saveri
7688:Sahana
7672:Revati
7561:Mahati
7535:Khamas
7419:Darbar
7358:Arabhi
7328:Abhogi
7323:Abheri
7244:Swaras
7043:chakra
7041:Brahma
6993:chakra
6975:Pavani
6943:chakra
6878:chakra
6640:chakra
6565:Season
6470:Malhar
6435:Hameer
6385:Basant
6344:Tilang
6319:Puriya
6314:Pahadi
6304:Khamaj
6248:Poorvi
6197:Vibhas
6167:Jogiya
6157:Hindol
6030:Kalyan
5990:Khamaj
5977:Thaats
5967:Ghazal
5952:Abhang
5947:Bhajan
5937:Sawani
5927:Chaiti
5922:Kajari
5907:Thumri
5886:Tarana
5876:Dhamar
5864:Genres
5753:Sargam
5743:Shruti
5640:
5618:
5599:
5589:
5568:
5549:
5529:
5508:
5485:
5461:
5442:
5419:
5398:
5377:
5360:833909
5358:
5327:
5310:Shruti
5297:850775
5295:
5264:
5230:
5208:
5172:
5151:
5130:
5092:
5071:
5050:
5029:
5008:
4989:
4979:
4953:
4932:
4908:
4884:
4863:
4842:
4821:
4804:851080
4802:
4782:
4751:
4706:
4669:
4648:
4611:
4509:
4406:
4379:
4204:
4179:
4161:
4080:
3958:
3818:
3791:
3758:
3728:
3701:
3674:
3644:
3617:
3538:
3475:
3376:
3311:
3175:
3148:
3121:
3091:
3024:
3014:
2954:
2731:SamayÄ
2726:Prahar
2611:sabhas
2580:Pavani
2323:Abhogi
2317:Abheri
2235:Thaata
2176:audava
2142:malkos
2134:kalyan
2053:) and
2051:scales
2047:gramas
2039:srutis
1782:(ā¤ā¤ˇā¤)
1570:(ā¤ā¤ˇā¤)
1526:sargam
1474:swaras
1242:ragini
1226:RÄginÄĢ
987:Buddha
966:Sufism
863:Kirtan
855:bhajan
851:kirtan
847:Bhajan
812:moksha
798:moksha
709:, and
703:Dipaka
629:dated
560:. The
475:. The
469:and a
455:â the
440:saptak
435:shadja
368:) and
262:dyeing
99:Shruti
38:, and
8018:Ragas
7967:Radif
7962:Qupai
7952:Muqam
7925:Level
7905:Maqam
7900:Makam
7895:Echos
7449:Gaula
7403:Bowli
7368:Atana
7333:Ahiri
7309:ragas
7306:Janya
7249:Ragas
6941:Rishi
6933:Ragas
6929:Prati
6630:Ragas
6551:Piloo
6526:Dhani
6455:Kedar
6425:Durga
6400:Bihag
6380:Bahar
6370:Adana
6363:Night
6349:Yaman
6299:Kamod
6253:Shree
6233:Marwa
6187:Sohni
6177:Lalit
6072:Ragas
6025:Marva
6020:Purvi
5917:Tappa
5912:Dadra
5891:Sadra
5881:Khyal
5850:Tabla
5815:Veena
5810:Sarod
5805:Sitar
5733:Swara
5356:JSTOR
5293:JSTOR
4991:11369
4780:JSTOR
4567:81â84
4177:S2CID
4137:Quote
2312:Janya
2262:sutra
2247:rÄgas
2245:Janya
2240:rÄgas
2195:vakra
2150:rÄgas
2138:rÄgas
2130:rÄgas
2122:Thaat
2114:rÄgas
2102:cakra
2071:notes
2067:tanas
2059:modes
2043:sruti
1849:(ā¤¨ā¤ŋ)
1824:(ā¤°āĨ)
1819:(ā¤¸ā¤ž)
1812:Svara
1769:Svara
1637:(ā¤¨ā¤ŋ)
1612:(ā¤°āĨ)
1607:(ā¤¸ā¤ž)
1600:Svara
1563:Sadja
1557:Svara
1491:Åruti
1483:svara
1479:svara
1445:rÄgas
1429:rÄgas
1425:rÄgas
1421:rÄgas
1417:rÄgas
1413:rÄgas
1397:Takka
1357:yajna
1238:rÄgas
1181:rÄgas
1159:rÄgas
1140:matra
1126:rÄgas
1057:Jones
918:rÄgas
914:rÄgas
900:, by
883:) or
875:Shiva
871:rÄgas
859:rÄgas
832:rÄgas
816:RÄgas
727:varna
711:Megha
686:Veena
664:Hindu
607:Thaat
513:Greek
509:*reg-
499:word
431:svara
424:rÄgas
337:Marwa
329:Yaman
309:Bahar
287:Each
222:ragam
216:raaga
136:Vadya
104:Svara
44:Ragga
18:Ragas
7972:Raga
7622:Nata
7510:KÄpi
7220:72.
7214:71.
7208:70.
7202:69.
7196:68.
7190:67.
7173:66.
7167:65.
7161:64.
7155:63.
7149:62.
7143:61.
7126:60.
7120:59.
7114:58.
7108:57.
7102:56.
7096:55.
7079:54.
7073:53.
7067:52.
7061:51.
7055:50.
7049:49.
7029:48.
7023:47.
7017:46.
7011:45.
7005:44.
6999:43.
6991:Vasu
6979:42.
6973:41.
6967:40.
6961:39.
6955:38.
6949:37.
6914:36.
6908:35.
6902:34.
6896:33.
6890:32.
6884:31.
6876:Ritu
6864:30.
6858:29.
6852:28.
6846:27.
6840:26.
6834:25.
6817:24.
6811:23.
6805:22.
6799:21.
6793:20.
6787:19.
6770:18.
6764:17.
6758:16.
6752:15.
6746:14.
6740:13.
6723:12.
6717:11.
6711:10.
6638:Indu
6546:Mand
6541:Kafi
6531:Gara
6485:Nand
6284:Desh
6192:Todi
6142:Desi
6015:Todi
5995:Kafi
5942:Hori
5763:Laya
5758:Tala
5748:Raga
5738:That
5638:ISBN
5616:ISBN
5597:OCLC
5587:ISBN
5566:OCLC
5547:ISBN
5527:ISBN
5506:ISBN
5483:ISBN
5459:ISBN
5440:ISBN
5417:ISBN
5396:ISBN
5375:ISBN
5325:ISBN
5262:ISBN
5228:ISBN
5206:ISBN
5170:ISBN
5149:ISBN
5128:ISBN
5090:ISBN
5069:ISBN
5048:ISBN
5027:ISBN
5006:ISBN
4987:OCLC
4977:ISBN
4951:ISBN
4930:ISBN
4906:ISBN
4882:ISBN
4861:ISBN
4840:ISBN
4819:ISBN
4800:OCLC
4749:ISBN
4714:<
4704:ISBN
4667:ISBN
4646:ISBN
4609:ISBN
4507:ISSN
4404:ISBN
4377:ISBN
4202:ISBN
4078:ISBN
3956:ISBN
3816:ISBN
3789:ISBN
3756:ISBN
3726:ISBN
3699:ISBN
3672:ISBN
3642:ISBN
3615:ISBN
3571:raga
3536:ISBN
3473:ISBN
3374:ISBN
3309:ISBN
3173:ISBN
3146:ISBN
3119:ISBN
3089:ISBN
3022:PMID
2952:ISBN
2742:RÄga
2657:rÄga
2649:rÄga
2645:rang
2624:guru
2619:rÄga
2593:Guru
2344:and
2304:and
2154:todi
2098:anga
2092:and
2082:rÄga
2078:mela
1844:(ā¤§)
1839:(ā¤Ē)
1834:(ā¤Ž)
1829:(ā¤)
1762:rÄga
1632:(ā¤§)
1627:(ā¤Ē)
1622:(ā¤Ž)
1617:(ā¤)
1550:RÄga
1538:"pa"
1534:"sa"
1518:rÄga
1461:five
1457:four
1441:rÄga
1409:rÄga
1395:and
1381:rÄga
1352:rÄga
1337:Holi
1333:dola
1311:Yoga
1303:Kama
1299:rÄga
1284:rÄga
1265:rÄga
1254:rÄga
1196:UCLA
1188:rÄga
1172:rasa
1167:rÄga
1163:rÄga
1155:rÄga
1151:rÄga
1147:rÄga
1135:tala
1130:RÄga
1121:rÄga
1117:rÄga
1115:. A
1113:rÄga
1109:rasa
1105:rÄga
1097:rÄga
1093:rÄga
1086:rÄga
1081:rÄga
1077:rÄga
1072:rÄga
1065:rÄga
1061:rÄga
1053:rÄga
1040:rÄga
1027:and
1021:rÄga
1016:rÄga
1004:rÄga
985:The
980:tÄla
978:and
976:rÄga
954:tala
951:and
949:rÄga
945:rÄga
941:rÄga
925:rÄga
861:. A
849:and
843:rÄga
808:RÄga
802:kama
766:rÄga
762:jati
758:jati
756:was
754:rÄga
735:rÄga
642:rÄga
617:rÄga
603:Raga
582:rÄga
570:rÄga
558:rÄga
501:rÄga
495:The
485:anga
481:vadi
477:vadi
466:vadi
453:anga
422:use
418:and
408:Sufi
388:Sikh
384:RÄga
380:rÄga
353:rÄga
349:rÄga
345:rÄga
341:rÄga
333:RÄga
327:and
317:rÄga
311:and
305:rÄga
301:RÄga
297:rÄga
293:rÄga
289:rÄga
281:rÄga
277:RÄga
233:lit.
228:raag
206:IPA:
200:rÄga
194:IAST
189:raga
124:Tala
119:Rasa
114:Raga
7752:T-V
7605:N-R
7488:K-L
7412:D-J
7316:A-B
6705:9.
6699:8.
6693:7.
6676:6.
6670:5.
6664:4.
6658:3.
6652:2.
6646:1.
5348:doi
5285:doi
5109:doi
4772:doi
4728:doi
4169:doi
3785:111
3012:PMC
3002:doi
2643:or
2640:rÄk
2632:rÄk
2393:,
2211:In
1842:Dha
1760:of
1742:B (
1723:A (
1680:E (
1661:D (
1630:Dha
1548:of
1467:or
1465:six
1372:as
1364:as
1259:In
891:).
676:by
625:by
534:of
505:ā¤°ā¤žā¤
225:or
219:or
7994::
5595:.
5574:,
5354:.
5342:.
5308:.
5291:.
5281:28
5279:.
5245:.
5226:.
5204:.
4985:.
4778:.
4768:15
4766:.
4724:58
4722:.
4702:.
4698:.
4533:.
4505:.
4501:.
4477:^
4462:^
4445:^
4430:^
4333:^
4302:^
4275:^
4241:,
4216:^
4175:.
4167:.
4155:43
4153:.
4062:^
4045:^
3994:^
3950:.
3910:^
3871:^
3842:^
3740:^
3656:^
3421:^
3358:^
3279:^
3202:^
3187:^
3103:^
3073:^
3034:^
3020:.
3010:.
2996:.
2992:.
2966:^
2886:".
2854:^
2839:^
2824:^
2805:^
2790:^
2775:^
2583:.
2577:,
2573:,
2567:,
2561:,
2555:,
2549:,
2543:,
2537:,
2531:,
2525:,
2519:,
2513:,
2507:,
2501:,
2495:,
2489:,
2483:,
2477:,
2471:,
2465:,
2459:,
2453:,
2447:,
2441:,
2435:,
2429:,
2423:,
2417:,
2411:,
2405:,
2399:,
2387:,
2375:,
2363:,
2350:.
2338:,
2332:,
2326:,
2320:,
2310:.
2298:,
2292:,
2286:,
2280:,
2232:A
2156:.
2124::
2018:),
1975:),
1920:),
1877:),
1847:Ni
1837:Pa
1832:Ma
1827:Ga
1822:Ri
1817:Sa
1635:Ni
1625:Pa
1620:Ma
1615:Ga
1610:Re
1605:Sa
1463:,
1459:,
1368:,
1347:.
1327:.
1210:.
1183:.
1145:A
1128:.
1091:A
1070:A
1014:A
1006:.
982:.
788:.
705:,
701:,
697:,
693:,
631:c.
519:,
515:,
449:Pa
445:Ma
323:,
299:.
275:.
231:;
204:,
196::
186:A
34:,
7862:e
7855:t
7848:v
7681:S
7554:M
7298:e
7291:t
7284:v
6611:e
6604:t
6597:v
6064:e
6057:t
6050:v
5711:e
5704:t
5697:v
5646:.
5624:.
5603:.
5572:.
5555:.
5514:.
5491:.
5467:.
5448:.
5425:.
5404:.
5383:.
5362:.
5350::
5344:1
5333:.
5312:.
5299:.
5287::
5270:.
5249:.
5236:.
5214:.
5178:.
5157:.
5136:.
5115:.
5111::
5098:.
5077:.
5056:.
5035:.
5014:.
4993:.
4959:.
4938:.
4914:.
4890:.
4869:.
4848:.
4827:.
4806:.
4786:.
4774::
4757:.
4734:.
4730::
4712:.
4675:.
4654:.
4617:.
4544:.
4519:.
4412:.
4385:.
4210:.
4183:.
4171::
4086:.
3964:.
3824:.
3797:.
3764:.
3734:.
3707:.
3680:.
3650:.
3623:.
3544:.
3481:.
3382:.
3353:.
3319:;
3317:.
3250:.
3181:.
3154:.
3127:.
3097:.
3028:.
3004::
2998:6
2960:.
2870:.
2069:(
2057:(
2049:(
2020:B
2012:(
2004:B
1996:B
1985:A
1977:A
1969:(
1963:A
1953:)
1947:(
1941:F
1933:F
1922:E
1914:(
1906:E
1898:E
1887:D
1879:D
1871:(
1865:D
1748:)
1734:B
1729:)
1715:A
1705:)
1699:(
1693:F
1686:)
1672:E
1667:)
1653:D
1524:(
1228:(
1222:.
887:(
877:(
609:.
374:(
364:(
265:'
259:'
255:'
249:'
245:'
239:'
192:(
163:e
156:t
149:v
46:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
