167:
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155:
247:
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181:
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which were forced to crash-dive and wait on the bottom the rest of the day. The submarines were undamaged. At 23:08, having managed to signal the submarines to meet his
Raiders at the entrance to Makin Lagoon, Carlson had a team led by Lieutenant Charlie Lamb build a raft made up of three rubber boats and two native canoes powered by the two remaining outboard motors. Using that raft, 72 exhausted Raiders sailed 4 miles (6.4 km) from Makin to the mouth of the lagoon, where the submarines picked them up.
217:
205:
693:
635:
effort, 11 of 18 boats were unable to breach the unexpectedly strong surf. Having lost most of their weapons and equipment, the exhausted survivors struggled back to the beach to link up with 20 fully armed men, who had been left on the island to cover their withdrawal. An exhausted and dispirited
Carlson dispatched a note to the Japanese commander that offered to surrender, but the Japanese messenger was killed by other Marines, who were unaware of Carlson's plan.
615:, which were wiped out by the Raiders, thus killing most of the Japanese on the island. At 09:00 Peatross and his 12 men found themselves behind the Japanese, who were fighting the rest of the Raiders to the east. Peatross's unit killed eight Japanese and Kanemitsu, knocked out a machine gun, and destroyed the enemy radios, while suffering three dead and two wounded. Failing to contact Carlson, they withdrew to the submarines at dusk as planned.
568:
366:
50:
638:
At 09:00 on 18 August, the submarines sent a rescue boat to stretch rope from the ships to the shore that would allow the remaining
Raiders' boats to be pulled out to sea. However, just as the operation began, Japanese planes arrived and attacked, sinking the rescue boat and attacking the submarines,
606:
and a 12-man squad landed on Makin. In the confusion of the landing, they did not get word of
Carlson's decision to change plans and to land all the Raiders on one beach. Thus, Peatross and his men landed where they originally planned. It turned out to be a fortunate error. Undaunted by the lack of
700:
Although the Marine
Raiders succeeded in killing over half of the Imperial Japanese garrison on the island, the raid failed to meet its other material objectives. No Japanese prisoners were taken, and no meaningful intelligence was collected. Also, no significant Japanese forces were diverted from
683:
states that 60 Japanese were killed in the sinking of one of the boats. Japanese records indicate 46 killed of all ranks (not including the purported large casualties
Carlson reported for the boats he had sunk). This was confirmed when supporting Japanese forces returned to the island and found 27
554:
created the Makin Atoll
Garrison in 1942. It was part of the Marshall Islands Garrison and was officially titled the 62nd Garrison Force. At the time of the Makin raid the total force opposing the American landing consisted of 71 armed personnel of the Japanese seaplane base led by Warrant Officer
667:. Of the 12 Marines missing in action, one was later identified among the 19 Marine Corps graves found on Makin Island. Of the remaining 11 Marines missing in action, 9 were inadvertently left behind or returned to the island during the night withdrawal. They were subsequently captured, moved to
709:
were highlighted by the raid, the
Japanese strengthened their fortifications and defensive preparations on the islands in the central Pacific. As a result, the objective to dissipate Japanese forces may have had the unintended consequence of causing heavier losses for American forces during the
634:
At 19:30 on 17 August the
Raiders began to withdraw from the island using 18 rubber boats, many of which no longer had working outboard motors. Despite heavy surf, seven boats with 93 men made it to the subs. The attempt by most of the Raiders to reach the submarines failed. Despite significant
534:
and comprised a small battalion command group and two of the battalion's rifle companies. Because of space limitations aboard ship, each company embarked without one of its rifle sections. Headquarters
Battalion, A Company, and 18 men from B Company—totalling 121 Marines—embarked
559:) Kyuzaburo Kanemitsu of the Special Naval Landing Force equipped with light weapons. There were also four members of the seaplane tender base and three members of a meteorological unit. Two civilian personnel were attached to the Japanese forces as interpreters and civilian administrators.
678:
Carlson reported that he had personally counted 83 Japanese bodies and estimated that 160 Japanese were killed based on reports from the Makin Island natives with whom he spoke. Additional Japanese personnel may have been killed in the destruction of two boats and two aircraft. Historian
610:
At 07:00 with Company A leading, the Raiders advanced from the beach across the island to its north shore before attacking southwestward. Strong resistance from Japanese snipers and machine guns stalled the advance and inflicted casualties. The Japanese then launched two
602:, successfully landed on Makin. The landing had been very difficult because of rough seas, high surf, and the failure of many of the outboard motors. Carlson decided to land all his men on one beach, rather than two beaches as originally planned. At 05:15, Lieutenant
1287:
738:
in Hawaii where they were identified. Six of these Marines were returned to their families for private burial ceremonies. The remaining 13 were buried with full honors at
409:
1317:
998:
970:
622:, arrived over Makin. The flying boats, carrying reinforcements for the Japanese garrison, attempted to land in the lagoon but were met with machine gun, rifle and
1327:
1322:
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was subsequently tried and executed by the Allies for the murder of the nine Marines. The remaining two Marines missing in action were not accounted for.
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fire from the Raiders. One plane crashed, and the other burst into flames. The remaining planes bombed and strafed but inflicted no American casualties.
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shortly after midnight on 17 August. At 05:13, Companies A and B of the 2nd Raider Battalion, commanded by Lieutenant Colonel
1312:
1103:
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979:
922:
711:
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32:
1132:
530:
The raid was among the earliest American offensive ground combat operations of World War II. The force was drawn from the
522:. Only the first of these objectives were achieved, but the raid did boost morale and provide a test for Raider tactics.
491:
831:
1267:
1170:
1062:
1024:
1206:
1262:
735:
696:
This is a plaque commemorating the Makin Island Raid in 1942. This plaque is located on the island of Kwajalein.
433:
1307:
1302:
739:
484:
172:
54:
1242:
1165:– Briefly describes the Makin Raid and its impact on future U.S. operations in the Gilbert Islands.
853:
714:. However, the raid did succeed in its objectives of boosting morale and testing Raider tactics.
1144:
730:
In 2000, 58 years after the raid, the remains of 19 Marines were found on Makin Island through
551:
511:
896:
953:
Pearl Harbor To Guadalcanal, History Of The Marine Corps Operations In World War II, Volume I
934:
Pearl Harbor To Guadalcanal, History Of The Marine Corps Operations In World War II, Volume I
542:
503:
66:
775:. Thomason was the first enlisted Marine to receive the Medal of Honor during World War II.
1127:
From Makin to Bougainville: Marine Raiders in the Pacific War by Major Jon T Hoffman, USMCR
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8:
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387:
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866:
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A Marine Raider, injured during the Makin operation, is lifted through a hatch on USS
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209:
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On 17 August 1942 the Marine Raiders were launched in "Landing Craft Rubber Large" (
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443:
252:
760:
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668:
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583:
507:
499:
448:
246:
234:
186:
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1135:, press release by Commander, Submarines Pacific, in 2000 summarizing the raid.
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603:
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275:
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239:
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118:
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97:
917:
Sato Kazumasa, "Gyokusai no Shima," Kojinsha Press, Tokyo, 2004, pp. 54–55
692:
58:
40:
619:
36:
1223:
1205:, Chief of Naval Operations, Submarine Warfare Division. Archived from
1007:
764:
587:
541:, and the remainder of B Company—totalling 90 men—embarked aboard
495:
93:
1096:
Forgotten Raiders of '42: The Fate of the Marines Left Behind on Makin
824:
Forgotten Raiders of '42: The fate of the Marines Left Behind on Makin
297:
49:
743:
705:
area. In fact, because the vulnerabilities to their garrisons in the
567:
1053:
Peatross, Oscar F. (1995). John P. McCarthy; John Clayborne (eds.).
949:
16:
U.S. raid against Japanese forces in the Pacific during World War II
719:
591:
547:. The raiding force was designated Task Group 7.15 (TG 7.15).
966:
Coral Sea, Midway and Submarine Actions, May 1942 – August 1942,
1112:
Young, Howard. "Carlson's Raiders on Makin, 17–18 August 1942",
510:
area, and divert Japanese attention and reinforcements from the
62:
734:
excavation and recovery then sent to the Defense Department's
1178:
From Makin to Bougainville: Marine Raiders in the Pacific War
1149:
United States Army in World War II – The War in the Pacific
994:
Aleutians, Gilberts and Marshalls, June 1942 – April 1944,
950:
Hough, Frank O.; Verle E. Ludwig; Henry I. Shaw Jr (1958).
753:
spoke. The remaining 11 Marines have not yet been located.
579:
1195:"Submarine Commandos: 'Carlson's Raiders' at Makin Atoll"
999:
History of United States Naval Operations in World War II
971:
History of United States Naval Operations in World War II
417:
1225:'Gung Ho!': The Story of Carlson's Makin Island Raiders
1017:
US Special Warfare Units in the Pacific Theatre 1941–45
871:
History of U.S. Marine Corps Operations in World War II
727:
was employed as a technical advisor during production.
1234:– U.S. propaganda film that dramatizes the Makin Raid.
974:. Champaign, Illinois: University of Illinois Press.
1288:
Battles of World War II involving the United States
1138:
655:
to be taken ashore at Pearl Harbor, 26 August 1942.
1074:Carlson's Raid: The Daring Marine Assault on Makin
1318:Amphibious operations involving the United States
1055:Bless 'em All: The Raider Marines of World War II
1249:
767:citation for their efforts during the raid, and
525:
71:following the Makin Island raid, 26 August 1942.
1015:Rottman, Gordon (2005). Duncan Anderson (ed.).
956:. Washington, D.C.: United States Marine Corps.
498:) in the Pacific Ocean. The aim was to destroy
1328:Attacks on buildings and structures in Oceania
1323:Attacks on military installations in the 1940s
1278:Military history of Japan during World War II
403:
618:At 13:30, 12 Japanese planes, including two
365:
1036:Carlson's Marine Raiders; Makin Island 1942
671:, and executed by Japanese forces. Admiral
1293:United States Marine Corps in World War II
1129:, official USMC historical account of raid
864:
410:
396:
1133:World War II Submarines and Marines Unite
483:(17–18 August 1942) was an attack by the
1155:, Department of the Army. pp. 60–66
1052:
793:Coral Sea, Midway, and Submarine Actions
691:
646:
566:
1283:Battles of World War II involving Japan
1168:
1153:Office of the Chief of Military History
1145:"Seizure of the Gilberts and Marshalls"
1033:
1014:
988:
960:
177:
1298:1942 in the Gilbert and Ellice Islands
1250:
712:Gilbert and Marshall Islands campaigns
607:support, Peatross led his men inland.
1273:Pacific Ocean theatre of World War II
1258:Gilbert and Marshall Islands campaign
1093:
1071:
1002:. Boston: Little, Brown and Company.
421:Gilbert and Marshall Islands campaign
391:
33:Gilbert and Marshall Islands campaign
502:installations, take prisoners, gain
1192:
873:. History Branch, U.S. Marine Corps
723:was loosely based on the raid, and
13:
1243:list of 9 USMC Killed on Kwajelein
1094:Wiles, W. Emerson "Tripp" (2007).
1038:. Oxford: Osprey Raid Series #44.
717:The 1943 American propaganda film
14:
1339:
1120:
736:Central Identification Laboratory
659:USMC casualties were given as 18
1222:Enright, Ray (Director) (1943).
1180:. Marine Corps Historical Center
684:Japanese survivors of the raid.
364:
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65:on board the American submarine
48:
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494:on Makin Island (now known as
1:
778:
642:
629:
526:Preparations and organization
378:Location within Pacific Ocean
1238:list of 19 USMC KIA on Makin
687:
7:
1034:Rottman, Gordon L. (2014).
826:Potomac Books, Inc., p. 27
742:after a funeral service at
740:Arlington National Cemetery
327:9 captured (later executed)
10:
1344:
804:Rottman (2005), pp. 59–60.
485:United States Marine Corps
173:Gilbert and Ellice Islands
138:American strategic victory
1072:Smith, George W. (2003).
893:"Missing Marines Website"
586:powered by small, 6
429:
352:
312:
274:211 troops (from the 2nd
265:
251:KyuzaburĹŤ Kanemitsu
193:
146:
75:
47:
30:
25:
1313:Japan–Kiribati relations
1268:Kiribati in World War II
1169:Hoffman, Jon T. (1995).
867:"Victory and Occupation"
771:posthumously received a
492:Japanese military forces
434:Marshalls–Gilberts raids
342:2 flying boats destroyed
1263:Wars involving Kiribati
1228:(Feature-length film).
1116:87(8): August 31, 2003.
562:
843:Pacific Wrecks website
697:
656:
575:
552:Imperial Japanese Navy
194:Commanders and leaders
1088:Review of this book:
990:Morison, Samuel Eliot
962:Morison, Samuel Eliot
822:Wiles, Tripp (2007).
695:
650:
571:Makin as seen by USS
570:
535:aboard the submarine
313:Casualties and losses
1114:Marine Corps Gazette
681:Samuel Eliot Morison
624:Boys anti-tank rifle
532:2nd Raider Battalion
481:Raid on Makin Island
375:class=notpageimage|
26:Raid on Makin Island
1193:Whitman, Edward C.
865:Frank and Shaw, q.
759:(posthumously) and
115: /
1308:August 1942 events
1303:World War II raids
1230:Universal Pictures
1209:on 7 December 2006
1203:United States Navy
1139:Crowl, Philip A.;
1019:. Oxford: Osprey.
698:
657:
576:
345:2 small boats sunk
92:Makin Island (now
1105:978-1-59797-055-6
1098:. Potomac Books.
1083:978-0-425-19019-7
1076:. Berkley Trade.
1045:978-1-4728-0327-6
981:978-0-252-06995-6
923:978-4-7698-2272-1
854:Leatherneck forum
769:Clyde A. Thomason
732:bioarchaeological
665:missing in action
500:Imperial Japanese
474:
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386:
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210:Chester W. Nimitz
142:
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119:3.150°N 172.833°E
83:17–18 August 1942
1335:
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1199:Undersea Warfare
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895:. Archived from
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763:each received a
746:Chapel at which
661:killed in action
584:inflatable boats
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899:on 10 June 2016
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795:, pp. 235–241).
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761:James Roosevelt
710:battles of the
707:Gilbert Islands
703:Solomon Islands
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669:Kwajalein Atoll
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596:outboard motors
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508:Gilbert Islands
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37:Pacific Theater
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1207:the original
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1182:. Retrieved
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875:. Retrieved
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577:
572:
556:
549:
543:
537:
529:
514:landings on
504:intelligence
480:
478:
459:
438:
296:2 civilians
281:2 submarines
254:
147:Belligerents
67:
59:Pearl Harbor
55:U.S. Marines
41:World War II
31:Part of the
18:
1213:21 November
1184:21 November
516:Guadalcanal
302:13 aircraft
122: /
1252:Categories
1174:(brochure)
1159:23 January
1057:. Review.
1008:B0007FBB8I
996:vol. 7 of
968:vol. 4 of
791:(Morison,
779:References
765:Navy Cross
748:Commandant
643:Casualties
630:Evacuation
590:(4.5
557:Heisouchou
496:Butaritari
324:17 wounded
290:2 officers
278:Battalion)
94:Butaritari
57:return to
964:(2001) .
936:, p. 284.
744:Fort Myer
688:Aftermath
460:Hailstone
454:Kwajalein
449:2nd Makin
439:1st Makin
339:46 killed
330:2 missing
321:19 killed
1143:(1955).
992:(1961).
720:Gung Ho!
673:Abe KĹŤsĹŤ
653:Argonaut
573:Nautilus
544:Nautilus
538:Argonaut
466:Eniwetok
298:attached
266:Strength
240:KĹŤsĹŤ Abe
110:172°50′E
88:Location
68:Nautilus
1171:"Makin"
663:and 12
506:on the
488:Raiders
255:†
35:of the
1102:
1080:
1061:
1042:
1023:
1006:
978:
921:
903:10 May
830:
813:第62č¦ĺ‚™éšŠ
520:Tulagi
512:Allied
444:Tarawa
184:
170:
158:
135:Result
107:3°09′N
63:Hawaii
187:Japan
1215:2006
1186:2006
1161:2007
1100:ISBN
1078:ISBN
1059:ISBN
1040:ISBN
1021:ISBN
1004:ASIN
976:ISBN
919:ISBN
905:2016
879:2012
828:ISBN
701:the
580:LCRL
563:Raid
550:The
518:and
479:The
80:Date
490:on
96:),
1254::
1201:.
1197:.
1176:.
1151:.
1147:.
869:.
594:)
592:kW
588:hp
582:)
61:,
1232:.
1217:.
1188:.
1163:.
1108:.
1086:.
1067:.
1048:.
1029:.
1010:.
984:.
907:.
881:.
555:(
411:e
404:t
397:v
43:)
39:(
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