Rail suicide - Knowledge

3936: 1912: 1804:"A quick, violent death is quite attractive", one rail suicide survivor told the researchers in the later study. "I think that's one thing that you hope that a train can provide." Another informant, from the group that had considered suicide by train but not attempted any method, said that since it was likely no identifiable remains would be found their survivors would better be able to accept the finality of their death. Two rail suicide survivors also liked the "sense of anonymity" they had at stations. "I'd want to do it somewhere privately," one allowed. "It's not the sort of thing you want to do in front of everybody for a show". The impact on any witnesses, particularly the driver, was also a consideration. One survivor recalled feeling "desperately sorry" for that person, and another said that was the reason they ultimately chose another method, "because that's making somebody else complicit, so that's almost making them feel as if they'd killed me." Another deterrent was the possibility of surviving the attempt and living with any permanent injuries. 20: 3346:) in the years 1991–2000, 8653 (91.0%) rail suicide cases were fatal from total of 9510 incidences occurred on the German railway net. A fatal suicide meant a death within 30 days. Fatal rail suicides were ca. 7% of all fatal suicides committed in Germany in this time period. Of the 5731 suicidal acts in the time period 1997–2002, 66% occurred on open tracks and 34% in station areas. The data of 4127 suicial acts from the time period 2002-2006 showed that 32.2% of subjects were jumping, 32.6% lying and 34.2% wandering. Wandering included standing, and lying on the tracks included suicide by train decapitation. Jumping in front of the train had the highest chance of survival, while lying on the tracks most often resulted in death. However, suicidal behavior is not always detectable post mortem. 2015:(BAC) over 0.08%, high enough to be considered legally intoxicated (five had recently been arrested on drunken-driving charges). The 2008 Queensland study found as well that, in cases where a toxicology report had been done as part of the autopsy, half of the 15–24-aged males in their peak demographic had been drinking before the suicide. The 2020 Polish study looking at alcohol use and rail suicide found statistical significance among men, with younger victims more likely to have been drinking before the suicide than older ones. However, the older victims who had been drinking showed higher BACs at the time of their deaths, suggesting a correlation between greater suicide risk and longterm 1725: 1953:(PTSD), exhibiting symptoms such as sleeplessness, irritability, depression, anger, panic attacks, nightmares and flashbacks. One recalls having only slept three hours in the three days after his train struck a pedestrian. "I was just doing my job, and this person decided to take his life, and as a result he took away my control", recalled a Toronto subway driver. "I have to work really hard now at things, to feel safe, to feel calm." Her husband, also a driver who months earlier had struck a suicide, was more forgiving: "I don't think anyone who commits suicide on the subway is out to get the train operators. They just want their pain to stop." 1754:

researchers' data set. June accounted for only nine, but they did not find that statistically significant. While there were differences in the weekdays chosen, again they did not reach statistical significance. However, patterns in the time of day showed a preference for late afternoon and early evening, with a third of cases occurring between 5 and 9 p.m. A 2014 German study that compared suicides during two separate periods, one before and the other after a prevention programme was implemented, found that even though the latter showed a drop attributable to the programme the patterns in time of day and day of the week chosen did not change.

3850: 1664: 3677:. Some were common to all reporting on suicides, such as the use of "suicide" in the headline, comments about an increase in such suicides, identifying the incident as a suicide without an official finding from police or coroners, and the depiction of grieving friends and families or memorials, the latter of which can suggest to a person considering suicide that they will stir similar emotions in their survivors. But some others were specific to rail suicides, and the Volpe Center has posted guidelines on its website. Articles about rail suicides and trespasses should not: 2043:, which has the highest rate of rail suicide of any state in that country, found two factors which distinguished rail suicides from all suicides. First, they were three times as likely to never have been married. Second, they were more likely to live in areas where a large segment of the population commuted to their jobs via rail, offering support for Durkheim's theory that suicides lean toward using a method familiar to them from their everyday life. The researchers speculated that perhaps married people are more likely to have children and commute to work by car. 3723: 1825: 4339:

suicide twice as often as outpatients; similarly the 2008 Queensland study noted that ten of the suicides were completed by mental inpatients who had absconded from their institutions ("Suicide in this group of people should constitute a very preventable outcome") and that in 22 cases a mental institution was within 500 m (1,600 ft) of the location of the suicide. This has led to recommendations that psychiatric facilities be located 3–5 kilometres (1.9–3.1 mi) from the nearest accessible train station, and that patients suffering

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suicides over five years, breaking them down by sex, which had found more occurring on Mondays and Tuesdays. Rail suicides peaked during April and September. In the summer months women showed a preference for the morning while men peaked in the evening, which the researchers theorized might be due to men taking greater care to make sure they completed their suicides. The interval between the peaks widened in the summer months. A 2020 Polish study of 60 rail suicides in the

1934:". German drivers say that standing humans are particularly loud. The ensuing heavy psychological burden for the driver can lead to years of impairment. A British driver who struck eight suicides during 23 years on the job said in 2018, almost 20 years after retiring early due to the mental health issues those incidents led to, that on particularly difficult days he consumes as much as 10 pints of beer and 60 cigarettes. He sleeps with the light on to avoid flashbacks. 1961:, a U.S. railworkers union which has in conjunction with railroads been offering peer counseling and other support services for affected drivers. Among other things they are advised to do are to neither look at the body of the victim nor learn much about their lives. Bruno Kall, a German psychiatrist who specialises in treating traumatised drivers, says when a driver makes eye contact, " then believes that he was chosen by the suicide victim." In 2013, according to 3821: 3883:(TTC) in response to suicides on its subway system trains station staff to be alert for behavioural indicators of a possible suicide, whether seen in person or on camera. Some signs include wandering around without boarding any trains, crying, loitering at the end of the platform, removing clothing or not wearing shoes, or wearing hospital gowns. When they see these and report them to transit control, the next train to reach the station is given a 3923:(commonly known as "JR West") began doing in 2006. A 2014 study questioned this conclusion, finding in a review of 10 years worth of records on rail suicides in Japan that only 14 percent of suicides at stations took place at night, when the lights could be expected to have an effect. They called the earlier study "potentially misleading", noting that the researchers' news release announcing their results had failed to mention the 95 percent 3513:(FTA), requiring that researchers combine statistics from that agency with those kept by the FRA to get an accurate count. More than twice as many rail-related pedestrian fatalities in the US result from trespass incidents than in Europe. Since the railroads were required to report them, only 30% of those have been suicides, but that portion may actually be more than 50% due to deficiencies in reporting by the FRA and the railroads. 3833:

their efficacy in the face of a suicide's resolve. "If someone is determined, what can you do? Absolutely nothing", says one American drivers' union official. Barrier skeptics also argue that those unable to attempt a rail suicide will instead choose another method. Suicidologists say this common belief is not true, that the personal crisis that leads someone to attempt suicide may pass in a short time if they can be prevented.

3714: 3611:. After discussions with the newspapers' reporters and editors about how that might have been encouraging more suicides and attempts, the outlets agreed to sharply curtail their coverage, after which the suicide rate on the U-Bahn dropped significantly. From that experience, guidelines for reporting on suicide in a way less likely to inspire others to attempts were developed, both generally and specific to rail suicides. 3797: 9373: 2003:

under 65 as compared to the overall suicide rate. It also found that while rail suicides over 65 declined as the overall suicide rate did, younger rail suicides remained constant enough for the rail suicide rate to remain relatively stable compared to the overall suicide rate, accounting for an increasing portion of all suicides during the latter portion of the study period when the overall rate went down.

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avoiding eye contact, reported by half the respondents. A quarter recounted erratic behaviour, such as talking loudly to themselves and general confusion. Intoxication was reported by 20%, a proportion lower than the researchers expected based on another previous study, and 15% said that the suicidee was seen wandering around. These phenomena were similar to those observed in a study of suicides on the

3935: 1579:, which has the highest rate of rail suicide in Europe, found no relation between the population density of the areas adjacent to the tracks over a 57-year period. Instead, the Dutch researchers noted that suicides and attempts appeared to be concentrated on "hotspots", such as nearby psychiatric hospitals, a phenomenon also observed in the later Belgian study, as well as in Austria and Germany. 1376:, to a greater extent than suicides in general. The correlation of rail suicide and mental illness has led to some sites along rail lines near mental hospitals becoming rail suicide hotspots; some researchers have recommended that no such facilities be located within walking distance of stations. Within the developed world, The Netherlands and Germany have high rates of rail suicide while 1583:

overall, had a much higher incidence of rail suicide. Building on British research that found a correlation between the rail suicide rate and the overall passenger rail volume, suggesting that familiarity with rail transport might drive rail suicide to a greater extent than the mere availability of tracks, they identified four factors to use for comparative purposes using

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share, with jumpers close behind. A 2013 U.S. study of 50 suicides where this information was available found a slight edge for liers, with walkers and jumpers evenly split. Electrocution via third rails remains rare; it most often happens in conjunction with suicides on subways or metros, where the body comes in contact with the third rail as it is run over by the train.

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the same frequency as those in the nearby urban areas but at higher speeds. In what the researchers deemed "high-risk" locations, 2–km (3.2–mile) sections of line where two or more suicides had occurred during the time frame of the study, they noted that there were points where someone attempting suicide could easily hide, and where the driver had limited visibility.

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railroads were not required to report suicides to the FRA (although some did) as they were seen as voluntary acts that resulted from intent rather than indicating possible shortcomings in safety measures. They were also formerly instructed to report any deaths, from whatever cause, that occurred more than 24 hours after the incident as injuries, not fatalities. A

3988:, the two main characters, Walter Neff and Phyllis Dietrichson, conspire to kill her husband and collect the large insurance settlement enabled by the title by making his death appear to have been an accidental fall from a moving train. The insurance company, Neff's employer, declines to pay on the belief that the death was a suicide. Barton Keyes, the 3584:

associate it with the possibility of suicide. Those railways that do often put it in the context of promoting greater mental health awareness. In a report on suicide countermeasures, researchers for the agency suggested that if all the railways were more open about their efforts, they could learn from each other and improve their practices.

4002:("Death of a Student") began with the title character jumping in front of an oncoming train. The scene was repeated at the beginning of every episode, as the story explored the aftermath of the suicide from different perspectives. Some research has suggested an increase in rail suicides took place for several months after the series aired. 4011:, climbs onto a nearby trestle where he refuses a fellow attendee's entreaties to come down. As a train approaches, he does not get out of the way and is last shown screaming "I want to go back!"; it is implied that he lets the train hit him. The film uses this as a departure point to show scenes from the previous 20 years of his life in 2023:

unusual for gun owners who kill themselves to use other means, since that was lower than the share of American households with firearms they theorized that rail may be more attractive to suicides for whom guns are not available. In Switzerland, a 2013 study analyzed the effect on suicide rates among young men of "Army XXI", a reform of

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study period. It found that among rail suicides under 65, whose rate remained steady over the study period instead of declining as older suicides and the overall rate did, the rate also declined along with train-km and passenger-km. But it increased as the total trackage declined, as did a preference for using open track.

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narcotic, alkaloid, protein, and so forth. Suicide by leaps, subdivided by leaps from high places, under wheels of trains, under wheels of trucks, under the feet of horses, from steamboats. But Mr. Norton, of all the cases on record there's not one single case of suicide by leap from the rear end of a moving train.

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in both countries. Train traffic intensity, by contrast, resulted in the two countries' rail suicide rates drawing almost even. The researchers considered this their most important finding, suggesting that with more frequent trains a potential suicide may have less time for second thoughts to manifest themselves.

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concealment for those venturing onto the track from a station or crossing before the train came, while jumping might be harder in the dark. Data on seasonal variation did not show any significant variation The Toronto subway system reports that most suicides there occur during the daytime, peaking around midday.

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categories: survivors of rail suicide attempts, those who had attempted suicide by other means but considered trains, and those who had not attempted suicide but contemplated doing so by rail. It quoted their own words extensively, without "interpreting such accounts through a lens of deficit and pathology.

1349:. The suicide occurs when an approaching train hits a suicidal pedestrian jumping onto, lying down on, or wandering or standing on the tracks. Low friction on the tracks usually makes it impossible for the train to stop quickly enough. On urban mass transit rail systems that use a high-voltage electrified 4033:

and says he will pay him if he jumps in front of his train. Over a last weekend Paul promises Tommy, the latter attempts a reconciliation with his family as Paul begins to have second thoughts. Tommy insists the two follow through, and Paul ultimately does. Calling attention to the trauma suffered by

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The suicides the FRA studied differed from suicides in general in showing a higher rate of diagnosed mental illness—96%—in rail suicides, a finding comparable to one reported in an earlier Dutch study in which two-thirds of the suicides studied were psychiatric inpatients. Comorbidity was reported in

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spoke of there being no alternative, no choice, others that suicide was a response to feeling out of control, or of taking the control that had been removed from them by mental health services. Several accounts implied a wish for agency to come from elsewhere, and in some the person described putting

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officers who had witnessed, or interviewed witnesses to, rail suicides. From the 202 that were completed, the researchers identified several frequent behaviors of those considering suicide in stations. The most common was dropping personal belongings such as bags, suicide notes or identity cards, and

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A 2006 German study of suicides on that country's rail network over 10 years that focused primarily on the relation between age groups and the overall suicide rate also looked at the locations chosen and the overall size of the rail network, which decreased by 5,000 km (3,100 mi) during the

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The second and third were posed as measures of the availability hypothesis; the fourth as a measure of familiarity. Rail density, when applied to suicide statistics, made the difference larger, which led the researchers to discount it as a factor due to the already extensively developed rail networks

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numbers at sites likely to be used. Some rail networks have also trained their staff to watch, either in person or remotely, for behavioural indicators of a possible suicide attempt and intervene before it happens. Media organisations have also been advised to be circumspect in reporting some details

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believes it to be murder, citing suicide statistics he is familiar with in a ten-volume set that break down suicides by every possible category. "f all the cases on record", Keyes says, "there's not one single case of suicide by leap from the rear end of a moving train." He also notes that the train

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the presence of a platform drainage pit has been shown to halve the number of deaths from suicide attempts. The pit increases the clearance between the train and the ground, probably allowing a casualty to fall away from the train's wheels. In South Korea, platform screen doors reduced the number of

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Interviewers in the FRA study also asked the relatives of the suicides if they knew whether the suicide had access to a firearm and ammunition, the most common method of suicide in the U.S., accounting for half of all cases. They learned that 22% of the cases did. While the authors noted that it was

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It is not uncommon for affected drivers to turn to alcohol, complicating their situation and possible return to work; some choose to leave the industry entirely. "You're generally the last one to see that person alive, and you're not prepared mentally or emotionally to see something like that," says

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Metros/subways offer suicides the additional possibility of the third rail with its high voltage electric current to complete their suicides, especially if the train should be able to stop or slow down before striking them. A Toronto operator recalled once seeing a man lying across the tracks at the

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studied by one paper had jumped in front of the train from within 50 ft (15 m) of where the train reached the platform. Similarly 87% of the suicides on the system occurred at stations. Demographically, such systems are located in large cities and suburbs, with higher population densities.

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The German researchers broke down the suicides and attempts that occurred at stations by several factors determinable from the videos in 35 cases. The most prominent was the section of the platform from which the suicide or attempt occurred. A majority (20, or 57%) leapt from the end of the platform

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for any trends or patterns that might help prevent suicides. The researchers found that while only 20% occurred at stations, most were within 500 metres (0.3 mi) of a station or nearby crossing. They theorized that people attempting rail suicide used the stations primarily to access the tracks,

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The FRA noted in 2019 that a few U.S. railroads had published guidelines for reporting on suicides, but most had not. While it understood that concerns about triggering copycat suicides were legitimate, it said "the ideal strategy is not to refrain from talking for fear of making the problem worse,

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Even if the suicide situation is recognized at an early stage, the train driver is rarely able to prevent it due to the long braking distance and the inability to take evasive action. A German train with an 80-tonne (88-short-ton) locomotive traveling at 120 km/h (75 mph) takes 600 m

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Approximately 10–30%, depending on the method chosen, of those who attempt rail suicide survive the collision. Chances of survival increase when the attempter is female and the attempt is made at a station, on a lower-speed line and during the daytime. Those who do not die at the scene often arrive

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The 2015 Stockholm Metro study found as well that suicides peaked in the later afternoon, and in springtime, but could not find any day of the week that seemed particularly attractive to suicidees. The authors noted the contrast with other studies that had, such as a 2004 German study of 4,003 rail

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Three years later the same Dutch researchers undertook a comparative study of rail suicides in their country and neighboring Germany in the 2000–07 period, noting that despite many similarities the two countries differed where rail suicide was concerned—the Netherlands, despite a lower suicide rate

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Other researchers have reported a similar correlation. A 2018 Belgian study found that the rail suicide rate over a five-year period was highest along lines in suburban areas. The researchers theorized that tracks in those areas are more accessible than they are in cities, and the trains operate at

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that "the more the land is covered with railroads, the more general becomes the habit of seeking death by throwing one's self under a train", which has since been generally accepted as a rule. Later research has focused on the nuances of what, specifically, about the rail network affects the extent

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I've got ten volumes on suicide alone. Suicide by race, by color, by occupation, by sex, by seasons of the year, by time of day. Suicide, how committed: by poisons, by firearms, by drowning, by leaps. Suicide by poison, subdivided by types of poison, such as corrosive, irritant, systemic, gaseous,

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The U.S. FRA reports that there are 300 to 500 suicides by train each year. Those statistics have several caveats. First, they only represent the heavy surface rail system, as mass transit systems such as the New York City Subway are not required to report to the FRA. Second, until 2011 even those

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Another Dutch study, in 2024, employed the psychiatric-autopsy technique to study 39 rail suicides over a four-year period. They were found to be predominantly under the age of 30, at a proportion twice that of the general suicide rate for that age group in the Netherlands. Many were well educated

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Belgian law requires that the family of a suicide compensate the railway for the costs incurred, including repairs to damaged trains. Of the €2 million suicides cost the country's railways between 2013 and 2015, averaging €8,500 per incident, roughly one-third was recovered from families. Families

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One British study that interviewed 20 survivors of rail suicide attempts found that almost half had chosen that method because they knew of someone else who had; they also perceived it as likely to be fatal while easily available and accessible. A later British study interviewed 34 people in three

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The studies did show some distinctive statistics. Metro/subway suicides were, while still predominantly men, less disproportionately so. Victims were also younger than most younger rail suicides, except in Tokyo where the largest share was in their 50s. An even higher propensity for mental illness

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placed large, well-lit signs at train stations and bridges. They advised suicidal visitors to stop, to wait, and to visit Jo's home or office, if they were feeling desperate. Jo believed that many suicidal people in the city experienced stress, poor health, poverty, and social isolation, and that

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Rail suicide is distinct from most other methods in having a wide effect in order to investigate the death and clear the tracks, forcing delays and reroutings of trains in the meantime. As of 2014, the delay of the train caused by a rail suicide can extend from 30 minutes in Japan to two hours in

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Access restrictions such as these are primarily effective on metro or subway systems, with underground or elevated tracks in urban and suburban areas. On surface rail systems with long intercity lines it is seen as expensive and impractical to fence off the entire line. There is also doubt about

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found that the median age of the 55 suicides studied over a three-year period was 40. The 2008 Queensland study found a peak among men in the 15–24 age group, who accounted for nearly a third of its suicides. The 2006 German study of 10 years of rail suicides also found a greater portion of them

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Railway-related suicides are rarely impulsive, and this view has led to research on behaviour analysis using CCTV at known hotspots to see what might indicate a traveler is considering suicide. Some behaviour patterns are implicated such as station-hopping, platform switching, standing away from

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A 2007 Canadian review of the literature on metro/subway suicide found some differences to rail suicide as a whole, complicated slightly by different definitions of suicide used in different jurisdictions. An Austrian researcher found a high correlation between suicide rates and passenger volume

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noted. Accounts of his suicide included details such as exactly where he had parked his car near the level crossing at which an express train struck him, the location of the crossing, and that he had stood in its path. In its wake fans and journalists debated whether a football setback with the

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than elsewhere in Europe, among the population. It found that while the rate of firearm suicides declined significantly along with the overall suicide rate, the rate of rail suicide increased among young men while other violent methods did not, partly offsetting the decline in the overall rate.

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In Britain Samaritans reports that most of the costs associated with suicides are sick leave and replacement employees for drivers and others affected. One participant in the British study that interviewed survivors and those who had seriously considered suicide by rail ultimately chose another

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found sitters/liers most common with jumpers and walkers evenly split. German researchers in 2011, looking at over a thousand cases over five years, found the proportions nearly equal, with jumping the least likely to be fatal; twelve years later another group of Germans found liers the largest

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A later German study that chose rail suicides to better homogenize its analysis of predictors of suicides among psychiatric inpatients suggested that the regular sound of trains passing near facilities may help suggest the idea. In 2010 a Dutch paper further reported that inpatients chose rail

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begins with a scene where a group of 54 schoolgirls holding hands before they jump off a station platform into the path of an oncoming train, drenching the horrified other waiting passengers with their blood and beginning an epidemic of mass suicides around the country which a police detective

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In addition to the train driver, a rail suicide can traumatise a greater number of bystanders who witness the body. Staff based in the station may similarly not want to work at the station, or in the industry, anymore. Passengers may decline to take the train anywhere again. Communities around

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Metro/subway suicides offer some prevention methods that might be impractical on rail systems generally, but have proven highly effective when and where they can be used. Drainage pits a meter (3 ft) deep between the rails on some portions of the London Underground, while not designed for

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stations accounted for a larger share of suicides than the rest of the line, and a greater incidence than trespass fatalities in that area. A Caltrain representative they contacted noted that that section was one of the oldest on the line, with largely residential areas adjacent to the tracks,

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The U.S. FRA found that railways do not always publicise their suicide prevention efforts, although many have them. This can be both out of concern that doing so will alert possible suicides to the possibility of rail as a method, and fear that the public will be averse to rail travel if they

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in response to his repeated soundings of the train horn as the locomotive struck her. "You never forget something like that," he said. "If she wanted to kill herself, why did she have to involve me?" The memory of the incident led him to change employers. Other drivers whose trains had struck

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The 2011 German researchers attempted to see if any temporal patterns presented in the 1,004 suicides they analyzed by jumping, lying or walking. The first of those methods was more common during the day at stations; the others at night. The researchers theorized that night might provide more

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Research has not consistently established any patterns related to the times of the day, week or year in which rail suicide is more common. The 2008 Queensland study found peaks in March–May and September—October, periods accounting for half of the 161 completed suicides over 15 years in the

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A German driver who had experienced several suicides and began paying attention to the tracks ahead of his train as a result said, anecdotally, that tracks going through undeveloped land offered more risk of a suicide than those in residential areas, His experience otherwise comported with

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73% of cases, 63% had a family history of mental illness, and 53% had been prescribed medication. Chronic physical illnesses were also reported in 51%. Almost all had recently experienced, or were experiencing, a stressful event such as legal difficulties and/or the end of a relationship.

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this was further found to correlate with transfer stations due to their higher volume, with research in Vienna finding terminal stations to have a lower rate. Rates of suicide on metros/subways also, like rail suicide generally, were resistant to declines in the overall suicide rate.

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Prevention efforts have generally focused on suicide in general, on the grounds that not much can be done at tracks themselves, since suicides are believed to be determined enough to overcome most efforts to keep them from the tracks. Rail-specific means of prevention have included

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Unlike other methods, rail suicide often has widespread effects. Trains must be rerouted temporarily to clean the tracks and investigate the fatality, causing delays for passengers and crews that may extend far beyond the site of the fatality, a costly economic inconvenience.

3665:, as did several international matches in the days afterward. His memorial service at the stadium was broadcast live on several TV networks. All these could, the newspaper observed, quoting several researchers, encourage others with suicidal ideations to make them a reality. 3887:, so it enters at a pace no faster than a walk, while staff approach the person and ask if they are considering suicide. Since its implementation in 2005, the rate of suicide on the subway has declined; the TTC believes it has prevented an average of five suicides a month. 4215:

The earlier German study based on police officers' experiences (referenced in the previous endnote) found 70% of those suicides who jumped from the platform as the train entered the station did so from the end where it arrived, reinforcing a 1994 study of suicides on the

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In some cases, a collision with a pedestrian is not noticed by the train driver and the train continues to travel to the next station with human remains still visible at its front. In such cases, the driver might be held accountable for violation of instruction and face

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would not release data at the time, but after it did researchers later found that in the wake of Enke's death rates of rail suicide had increased much more than the overall suicide rate, in some cases more than doubling, not only in Germany but in some nearby countries.

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found cases where railways had sued families to recover the costs of pedestrian deaths that may have been accidental, but no cases where the family of a suicide had been sued. In Germany, rail suicide is a criminal offence and can be prosecuted in case of survival.

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found that stations in areas with high rates of drug-related crime had higher suicide rates. In 2016 a Belgian study looked at regional variations in the rail suicide rate within the country over a five-year period. Paradoxically, poorer areas, like the center of

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who, after accidentally running over two people with his train, learns of a supposed rule that if his train strikes a third person within the month, he can retire and collect £10,000 in a lump sum payment. He then stops a man, Tommy Cassidy from jumping off the

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Many were also reported to have been abusing drugs or alcohol during the time prior to their suicide, and autopsies showed that half had recently consumed those substances at the time of their suicides (with all but one of those who had been drinking having a

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A German graduate student found that PTSD among train drivers who had experienced suicides was twice as common as those in other professions who had also witnessed deaths in the course of their work, such as bank clerks who had been held hostage during a

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Studies have found the preferred method differs by country. A 2005 Swedish study found walkers most predominant among 145 suicides, followed by those who sat or lay on the tracks with jumpers third, while a 2008 Australian study of 161 suicides along the

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Rail suicides typically assume one of three postures: jumping in front of a train from a station platform, lying on the tracks as one approaches, and wandering onto the tracks before they are present, a division first identified by researchers on the

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found that only 20 percent of rail suicides had their cell phone on them at the time, suggesting that it might be better to have a dedicated telephone at crossings and stations, although that risks being damaged by vandals. Signs with the dedicated

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area examining the relationship between alcohol use, sex and age among them found that sober victims predominated among those occurring in the fall while those who had been drinking were more likely to take their own lives via rail in the spring.

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wanted to ensure that the train was traveling at a speed as high as possible, and that no one was able to interfere with them. Researchers in Canada have found that two-thirds of rail suicides there occur on open track, with only 2% at stations.

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where the train approached, seven (20%) used the middle and another eight (22.9%) chose the far end, suggesting that the train struck them at high speed. Over a third chose areas where no one else on the platform was near them at the time.

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describe exactly how the suicide occurred (i.e., whether the victim jumped, stood or lay on the tracks) and what they had been doing just prior to the suicide (which also might make it easier for a potential suicide to formulate their own

3812:. In Sweden, the number of suicides at stations could be reduced by 62.5 per cent through mid-track fencing. Sometimes vegetation along the tracks can obscure the view of the train driver and the removal of this is also advocated. On the 4260:

wrote in a suicide note prior to jumping into the path of a train at a British station that he had originally planned to take his own life that way before Christmas, but chose to do it afterwards instead to avoid inconveniencing holiday

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that is dense and difficult to pass through, and may also have thorns or barbs that discourage even that attempt. Tracks that pass through cuts in the land also have steep sides that cannot be descended easily from adjacent lands.

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The Canadian study also took note of the weather. Rail suicides mostly occurred during milder weather, suggesting to the authors that inclement weather may discourage those considering suicide from going out and making attempts.

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give specific information (including a map) about where the suicide or trespass fatality occurred (i.e., distances to nearby stations or crossings, since that might lead someone to begin planning their own suicide at the same

1458:, A German researcher also found some outlying methods like jumping from a moving train and jumping from a bridge into the path of an approaching train. A railway suicide can also be committed by a vehicle driver, such as the 3672:

published a report for the FRA on nearly 1,200 news articles it found online about rail suicides and trespass incidents in the U.S. over the course of a year. It found several common practices that had been found to increase

6109: 8138:

Koburger, Nicole; Mergl, Roland; Rummel-Kluge, Christine; Ibelshäuser, Angela; Meise, Ullrich; Postuvan, Vita; Roskar, Saska; Székely, András; Tóth, Monika Ditta; van der Feltz-Cornelis, Christina; Hegerl, Ulrich (2015).

3776:

number (the North American version of 113) may still be of some efficacy in prevention as a significant portion of suicides had visited the station before, giving them the chance to call the hotline before their attempt.

6015:

Lasota, Dorota; Al-Wathinani, Ahmed; Krajewksi, Paweł; Mirowska-Guzel, Dagmara; Goniewicz, Krzysztof; Hertelendy, Attila J.; Alhazmi, Riyadh A.; Pawłwoski, Witold; Khorram-Menesh, Amir; Goniewicz, Mariusz (2020).

5396: 3918:

In Japan, the use of calming blue lights on station platforms is estimated by one study to have resulted in a 74–84 percent overall reduction in suicide attempts. They are also often installed at crossings, which

1692:

far end of the station as he entered, and quickly pressing the brakes. He believed he had prevented the suicide, but then saw that the man had touched the third rail. Similar incidents have been reported on the

1453:

in 1972, who found jumping the commonest and deadliest in their sample. A fourth group included "touchers", all women, who often went on the tracks after trains had left and deliberately touched the electrified

1646:

A 2023 German study looked at the specific behaviors of 56 rail suicides and attempts in that country over 18 months in 2020–21, where video from CCTV could be reviewed. The majority (42, or 75%) occurred at

4045:

had second thoughts in an internal memo, suggesting that it may have been a mistake to work with a film that "does not reflect reality and is in poor taste in attempting to make a suicide event 'funny'".

3335: 3860:

cameras can be used to identify risk factors for suicide like certain behavior and face expression, to understand a suicide after an attempt for forensic needs, and to automatically intervene using

3876:

to conduct a project entitled 'Suicide Avoidance via Intelligent Video Examination' (SAIVE) project. The goal is to investigate feasibility of AI surveillance systems for preventing rail suicides.

4083:

follows four railway trackworkers around dealing with the aftermath of a suicide. The play takes its title from the average length of time between suicide attempts on the British railway network.

4063:, Louis Zabel jumps off a New York City subway platform into the path of an oncoming train after the trading firm he owns has suffered a catastrophic loss in value. The 2001 Japanese horror film 1683:, often fenced off due to the presence of exposed third rails, the only access to tracks is at stations, where trains arrive at higher speeds, increasing the attraction for suicides. Half of the 4188:

Population density had an even stronger effect in narrowing the gap, but as it cannot be controlled the researchers recommended targeting train traffic intensity for preventive measures instead.

1941:. "And when it happens, you're totally helpless." He recalled having previously worked for another railway in a different area when a woman stood on the tracks in front of his train, giving him 7531:"Sociodemographic and psychosocial risk factors of railway suicide: a mixed-methods study combining data of all suicide decedents in the Netherlands with data from a psychosocial autopsy study" 3427:

were reported for 2014. There were more men among the victims than women, aged mostly between 30 and 55, mostly lower income persons. Suicides on the railways represent around 4% of the total.

6700: 1892:

can also be sued by affected drivers. Most of the costs are covered by insurance. Western newspapers have reported that the same law exists in Japan, but Japanese outlets consider this an "

1679:

Researchers have noted some differences in suicides on urban heavy-rail mass transit systems, more commonly known as subway or metro suicide. Structurally, since many run underground or on

4700: 6779: 6022: 5452: 6755: 1982:

stations known for a suicide or suicides may see their reputations suffer to the point that people do not want to live there. It was reported in 2000 that housing prices along the

8666: 3864:. In Australia, human-monitored CCTV was found to reduce the number of suicides in metro stations. Computer vision enhanced CCTV sending alerts to staff are a matter of research. 9235: 7629:

Mishara, Brian L.; Bardon, Cécile (January 2017). "Characteristics of railway suicides in Canada and comparison with accidental railway fatalities: Implications for prevention".

1384:

have the lowest rates. While suicides on urban mass transit usually take place at stations, on conventional rail systems they are generally split almost evenly between stations,

3649:

national team was to blame, or Enke's despondency over the death of his young daughter from a heart defect three years earlier. Fans were shown grieving and leaving flowers at

3614:

Over 20 years later, a celebrity rail suicide also became an opportunity to examine and critique the role media coverage plays in suicide prevention. After the 2009 suicide of

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in the areas the line passes through may have some effect. The MTI researchers studying Caltrain suicides found that a 40-kilometre (25 mi) section of track between the

3780:

In 2010, Caltrain placed signs with a helpline number along some of the stretch the FRA had studied after the Palo Alto cluster, a 16-kilometre (10 mi) section between

5755: 4474:

Havârneanu, GM; Burkhardt, JM; Paran, F (August 2015). "A systematic review of the literature on safety measures to prevent railway suicides and trespassing accidents".

3927:. After adjusting for that, they said "the proportion of suicide attempts that is potentially preventable by blue lights should be less than our conservative estimate". 3498:

economist notes that studies in both the US and UK have found, based on behaviour, that a substantial portion of trespass fatalities may actually have been suicides.

3423:

In 2014, there were 279 suicides on the national rail network per year. It was an increase of 11 on the previous year and 55 on 2011. Additionally, annually around 50

1511:

Researchers have tried to determine what locations along tracks are more at risk for suicide than others. In response to a 2009 cluster of rail suicides by teens at a

7656: 5013: 4076:, where passengers on an underground platform, under the influence of mysterious unseen creatures, descend to the tracks and walk into the path of an oncoming train. 1969:, 30 train drivers had to leave that job due to traumatic events. Since 2014, German drivers who cannot work due to witnessing a rail suicide are paid full salaries. 9646: 4206:

This is consistent with an earlier German study based on online questionnaires completed by police officers which found two-thirds of suicides occurring at stations.

3576:

Data from 2008-2018 may indicate that 30% of railway suicides in the Netherlands, approximately 85 suicides per year, could have been prevented by measures taken by

1880:

said those figures had fallen to 1,500 per suicide (with some extreme incidents causing 10 times that amount) and 400,000 per year. It noted that an incident in the

3757: 1418: 3742:

Suicide prevention signs. Clockwise: Nobu Jo's 1916 signs in Japan, a sign at an Austrian station and one at a Dutch crossing, the latter two with hotline numbers

7117: 3756:

One of the preventive measures taken in the Netherlands was to place suicide prevention signs in high-risk locations, mentioning the suicide prevention hotline (

8704: 4035: 3788:. The signs were located not only at stations and crossings but also along fences and at gates to the right-of-way, no more than 0.1 miles (160 m) apart. 1973:

method because of concerns about the driver's feelings: "... that's making somebody else complicit, so that's almost making them feel as if they'd killed me."

1930:

Even if the train driver closes their eyes, they can still feel the impact of the collision and hear the sound, which one American driver likens to "hitting a

1556:

whereas the line north of that section went through more commercial areas and into tunnels where it might be less accessible. The paucity of suicides south of

232: 1369:

that has adversely affected their personal lives and careers. In recent years railways and their unions have been offering more support to afflicted drivers.

1721:

having had at least one past diagnosis. As with rail suicide generally, stations with nearby psychiatric treatment facilities evinced higher suicide rates.

10092: 8217: 3669: 10287: 9041: 4115:

by train. In suicide by train decapitation, victims lie on the tracks in front of approaching trains, with the neck placed on a rail and run over by a

3403:

In the Netherlands, approximately 10–14% of all suicides are by rail. Every year, roughly 200 suicides and 50 suicide attempts occur on Dutch railways.

9283: 8356:"A pilot study evaluating the effectiveness of preventing railway suicides by mid-track fencing, which restrict easy access to high-speed train tracks" 5513: 4038:, denounced the film and staged protests against it. Management publicly defended its cooperation with the filmmakers but privately the Underground's 19: 7912: 6901: 6681: 3993:

was traveling at 15 mph (24 km/h) when the fall occurred, too slow to cause serious injury or death to someone jumping or falling from it.

9259: 4886: 4179:

The researchers suggested that at earlier stages of rail development there might be a measurable effect as had been noted in the late 19th century.

1958: 4881: 4015:. Every different time period is preceded by a view of Yongho from the train, the footage running backward so he appears further away each time. 6929: 3979:" ends with its title character, having been unable to bring himself to shoot himself, walking onto a set of tracks and being struck by a train. 3488: 5914:"Stable time patterns of railway suicides in Germany: comparative analysis of 7,187 cases across two observation periods (1995–1998; 2005–2008)" 1857:, it takes an average of an hour to clear the suicide's body off the tracks; it is sometimes necessary to uncouple cars or move entire trains. 4747: 3967:, trapped in a loveless marriage, believing her lover is himself having relationships with other women and may give into his family's plans to 8929: 9186:

Berman, Alan; Sundararaman, Ramaya; Price, Andrea; Marshall, Karen; Martino, Michael; Doucette, Ann; Chase, Stephanie; Gabree, Scott (2013).

4352:

It halved the overall size of the army, lowered the discharge age and raised the fee for purchasing the military-issue weapon upon discharge.

7962: 7681: 1604: 10218: 6958: 3592:

In the early 21st century researchers and government bodies began to focus on how coverage of suicides, generally, in the media might lead

1920:(2,000 ft), and 18 seconds, to stop, more than enough time for drivers to make eye contact with a person on the tracks. The country's 1531:

studied 17 years of data from Caltrain on suicides and unintended pedestrian fatalities along the 124.7-kilometre (77.5 mi) line from

1426: 7529:

Balt, Elias; Mérelle, Saskia; Popma, Arne; Creemers, Daan; Heesen, Karlijn; van Eijk, Nikki; van den Brand, Isa; Gilissen, Renske (2024).

1994:

Rail suicides, like suicides in general and those using similarly violent methods, are mostly attempted and completed by men. A 2013 U.S.

1876:£67 million, averaging about £230,000 per incident, with 2,200 minutes of delays per incident adding up to 609,000 annually. In 2024, the 1733:

suicide prevention, have helped enough attempters survive to have become known as "suicide pits". On other systems, particularly in Asia,

6782:['Dangerous interference with rail traffic' near Metzingen: Woman accused of attempted suicide - defendant can barely remember]. 6765: 3692:

show pictures of police officers and/or railworkers standing near tracks (which can have the same effect as showing grieving loved ones).

8017: 3696:

The study also found that only 5% of the news articles surveyed included information on how those contemplating suicide could get help.

2086:

Data gathered to 2014 showed that there were about 3,000 suicides and 800 trespass-related injuries on the European railways each year.

1780:

others, letting a number of trains go by, and standing close to where trains enter. Surveillance cameras are viewable by railway staff.

10277: 7747:

Baumert, J.; Erazo, N.; Ladwig, K. H. (2006). "Ten-year incidence and time trends of railway suicides in Germany from 1991 to 2000".

6277: 4752: 896: 3836:

Other methods are also available to restrict and discourage access to tracks. Railways can plant vegetation along the edge of their

1812:

themselves in a situation where their fate would be left to chance, to impulse, or to people around who might or might not intervene

10272: 9405: 6780:"'Gefährlicher Eingriff in den Bahnverkehr' bei Metzingen: Frau wegen Suizidversuch angeklagt - Angeklagte kann sich kaum erinnern" 4005:

After disrupting his class reunion at the beginning of the film, Yongho, the middle-aged protagonist of the 1999 South Korean film

1283: 1275: 633: 1396:, which has been highly successful at reducing suicide on some urban mass transit systems, calming lights, and putting signs with 9658: 6815: 3619: 10282: 10255: 7162: 7026: 5089:

Moritz, S.; Nguyen, C.; Jelinek, L.; Borsutzky, S.; Scheunemann, J.; Hergerl, U.; Püschel, K.; Gallinat, J. (30 January 2023).

1329: 853: 1478:

German researchers believe walkers are most likely to have planned their suicides in advance, while jumpers do it on impulse.

10267: 8650: 8338: 7691: 5095: 4620:"A case of railway-related suicidal death due to falling on the rails in a weird position: an alternative form of Hara-Kiri?" 3627: 1279: 8749:"Does the installation of blue lights on train platforms prevent suicide? A before-and-after observational study from Japan" 4958: 10292: 9880: 8572:

Too, Lay San; Spittal, Matthew J.; Bugeja, Lyndal; Milner, Allison; Stevenson, Mark; McClure, Roderick (1 September 2015).

8251: 6472:

van Houwelingen, Cornelis A. J.; Di Bucchianico, Alessandro; Beersma, Domien G. M.; Kerkhof, Ad J. F. M. (September 2022).

3804:

Physical barriers reducing the number of trespassers and suicides are barrier fences, intermediate fencing between tracks,

1672: 1271: 446: 5301: 4238:

Two informants both recalled aborting suicide attempts at train stations after becoming aware of the presence of children.

2047:

and lived with others, either friends or family, in neighborhoods within walking distance of where they took their lives.

8574:"An investigation of neighborhood-level social, economic and physical factors for railway suicide in Victoria, Australia" 6727: 4303:

One German driver recalled hearing from colleagues that they draw the blinds when they see a person on the tracks ahead.

3890:

Some U.S. railways have begun considering the possibility of supplementing CCTV monitoring of their outdoor tracks with

7471:"Change in Suicide Rates in Switzerland Before and After Firearm Restriction Resulting From the 2003 "Army XXI" Reform" 7192:"Patterns of suicidal behaviour in a metro subway system: A study of 306 cases injured by the Munich subway, 1980-1999" 1491: 848: 8281: 7782:

Erazo, N.; Baumert, J.; Ladwig, K.-H. (1 November 2004). "Regionale und örtliche Verteilungsmuster von Bahnsuiziden".

6530: 6072:

Mishara, BL; Bardon, C (15 March 2016). "Systematic review of research on railway and urban transit system suicides".

4382: 9842: 9767: 9377: 9154: 8840: 8809: 7866: 7832: 7196: 6656: 5705: 5654: 4804: 4420:"Jumping, lying, wandering: Analysis of suicidal behaviour patterns in 1,004 suicidal acts on the German railway net" 3424: 1684: 688: 397: 392: 4566: 3415:

in Tokyo has a very high frequency of suicides. There have been 13 incidents between 2011 and 2013 at this station.

9847: 6611: 6559: 5228:

Mondal, Shatanik; Basu, Rivu; Paul, Abhishek; Malick, Suresh Chandra; saha, Partha; Bhattacharya, Somdipta (2017).

1865: 1668: 1267: 6394:"European Union Agency for Railways Moving Europe towards a sustainable and safe railway system without frontiers" 5803:"Behaviour patterns preceding a railway suicide: Explorative study of German Federal Police officers' experiences" 5273: 1937:"It's not a matter of if you are going to kill someone, but when", says one driver for the American goods carrier 9538: 9266: 9242: 9218: 9194: 8191: 4424: 4059: 3768: 3502: 1995: 1986:

near Tokyo had declined at a greater rate than other areas of Japan due to the high number of suicides along it.

1828:

Police officers removing remaining debris following a suicide approximately an hour earlier on the down track at

1524: 5589:"Suicides on the Austrian railway network: hotspot analysis and effect of proximity to psychiatric institutions" 5039: 4160:

Similarly, researchers in an earlier study of German rail suicides found that only a third occurred at stations.

1651:

stations, the rest were on open tracks. The 2008 Queensland study, by contrast, found nearly the inverse ratio.

9710: 8901: 8862: 8145: 7475: 7382: 7284: 6309: 6074: 5971: 5546: 3785: 3510: 1950: 1742: 1634:, that had higher overall suicide rates had rail suicide rates below the national average, while more affluent 1366: 1119: 959: 273: 9126: 8635:

Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Frontiers in Intelligent Computing: Theory and Applications

8515:"The Use of Closed-Circuit Television and Video in Suicide Prevention: Narrative Review and Future Directions" 7325:

Lukaschek, Karoline; Baumert, Jens; Krawitz, Marion; Erazo, Natalia; Förstl, Hans; Ladwig, Karl-Heinz (2018).

7086: 5751:"Geographic distribution of suicide and railway suicide in Belgium, 2008–2013: a principal component analysis" 3626:, suicides, particularly rail suicides, were reported to have significantly increased across the country. The 1597:, or the ratio between overall track length outside of privately owned enclosures and the country's land area; 10325: 10250: 10136: 10119: 10004: 9837: 9488: 9341: 7885: 7331: 6174: 6114: 3837: 1212: 889: 818: 382: 377: 53: 9187: 8667:"Lancaster University partners with Purple Transform to develop AI solution to prevent suicides on railways" 7428:"'Suicide by train' is in decline, but deaths of people who trespassed on railroad tracks increased in 2017" 4229:

During the five years from which the data were drawn, rail suicides declined, but jumping at a greater rate.

10262: 10021: 9440: 9398: 9188:

Defining Characteristics of Intentional Fatalities on Railway Rights-of-Way in the United States, 2007–2010

8097: 4826: 4515: 4042: 1708:

through records at one station, similar to that found by researchers looking at the London Underground. In

1471: 1377: 823: 638: 179: 8857: 8748: 8140: 7377: 7279: 6304: 5966: 5700: 5541: 5132: 2027:

a decade earlier which, while not intended to do so, reduced the amount of firearms, a commoner method of

1724: 9978: 9100: 8092: 7144:"DB zum Gespräch der GDL: Gewerkschaft verzichtet weiter ohne Not auf Beschäftigungssicherung für alle". 6280:[Suicide attempt - He threw himself in front of the train because of depression - and survived]. 4821: 4510: 1564:

was attributed to the lower frequency of train service between there and the line's southern terminus at

1067: 1062: 573: 5133:"Electrical injury from subway third rails: serious injury associated with intermediate voltage contact" 9938: 9558: 9430: 8454:

Chung, Yong Woon; Kang, Sung Jin; Matsubayashi, Tetsuya; Sawada, Yasuyuki; Ueda, Michiko (April 2016).

5593: 4987: 3920: 3880: 3873: 1322: 1114: 583: 170: 98: 9069: 7470: 10320: 8354:

Fredin-Knutzén, Johan; Hadlaczky, Gergö; Andersson, Anna-Lena; Sokolowski, Marcus (1 December 2022).

5967:"Sex-specific time patterns of suicidal acts on the German railway system. An analysis of 4003 cases" 4139: 3943: 3762: 3509:, streetcars, and cable car systems, report their incidents to a different regulatory authority, the 1528: 1421:. In 1879 an Italian researcher noted that such suicides were most common in that country's northern 1227: 1222: 1217: 1079: 936: 563: 8213: 6872: 6584: 1486:

A collision with a suicidal pedestrian is different from a collision with an unauthorised person, a

9999: 9690: 9665: 9615: 9578: 9472: 8714: 7858: 6393: 5306: 1784: 1561: 1365:

in particular, effectively forced into being accomplices to the suicide they witness, often suffer

1242: 1178: 974: 882: 668: 618: 578: 412: 123: 27: 6167:"First-person accounts of the processes and planning involved in a suicide attempt on the railway" 5131:

Rabban, Joseph; Adler, Jonathan; Rosen, Carlo; Blair, Jeffrey; Sheridan, Robert (September 1997).

10203: 10016: 9391: 9007: 8801: 8630: 8456:"The effectiveness of platform screen doors for the prevention of subway suicides in South Korea" 8012: 7931: 7824: 5867: 5044: 3902:, police department was also preparing a drone program to watch over tracks in its jurisdiction. 3891: 3849: 3767:). That information may be of limited utility in prevention, at least in the US. Research by the 3568:

In 2015, 328 fatal suicides and 30 suicide-related injuries were recorded on the US rail system.

3495: 3433: 2915: 2092: 2056: 1459: 1435: 1247: 1207: 1129: 843: 778: 369: 3689:

show a picture of a train (again allowing a potential suicide to begin visualising the process);

3350:

993 cases of total 4127 suicidal acts from the time period 2002-2006 were distributed as follow

10240: 10213: 10131: 10047: 9211: 8964: 7167: 6555: 4312:

An Australian study noted, however, that women who attempt rail suicide are more likely to die.

4197:

The authors qualified this finding by noting that in urban areas tracks may be less accessible.

3773: 3618:, a German association football goalkeeper considered a contender for the starting position on 2028: 1983: 1532: 1372:

Research into the demographics of rail suicide has shown that most are male and have diagnosed

1237: 1134: 1003: 941: 808: 788: 693: 6998: 6820: 6227: 5333: 5278: 4034:

drivers when their trains strike someone on the tracks, the Underground's driver's union, the

3644: 10173: 10158: 10057: 9994: 9715: 9605: 9548: 7583: 7091: 7031: 6642: 3809: 2036: 2012: 1520: 1393: 1315: 1252: 703: 558: 293: 93: 9334: 9282:

Too, Lay San; Bugeja, Lyndal; Millner, Allison; McClure, Roderick; Spittal, Matthew (2017).

8637:. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing. Vol. 515. Springer. pp. 753–765. 6961:[Traumatized train drivers: "Even if they close their eyes, they feel the impact"]. 6680: 6474:"Railway Suicide in The Netherlands Lower Than Expected: Are Preventive Measures Effective?" 5230:"Suicidal Attempts And Deaths (Behavior) In Kolkata Metro; A Record Based Descriptive Study" 3998: 3898:

announced in 2019 it had purchased some and hoped to implement them the following year. The

1663: 10230: 10208: 10163: 10114: 10097: 10052: 10009: 9928: 9865: 9653: 9533: 9513: 9452: 7327:"Determinants of completed railway suicides by psychiatric in-patients: case–control study" 5601: 3865: 3805: 3650: 1869: 1557: 1450: 1257: 798: 783: 753: 728: 698: 613: 543: 441: 228: 185: 143: 83: 73: 5649: 5540:

van Houwelingen, Cornelis A.J.; Kerkhof, Ad J.F.C.; Beersma, Domien G.M. (December 2010).

5448:"Suicide on the Railways in Belgium: A Typology of Locations and Potential for Prevention" 5229: 4565:

van Houwelingen, Cornelis A.J.; Baumert, J.; Kerkhof, A.; Beersma, D.; Ladwig, K. (2013).

1613:, the ratio between annual passenger-kilometres and the overall population of the country. 8: 10188: 10072: 9923: 9913: 9610: 9598: 9543: 9493: 9288: 8858:"Reconsidering the effects of blue-light installation for prevention of railway suicides" 7432: 6588: 4574: 4340: 4065: 3924: 3623: 2167: 2040: 1999: 1877: 1829: 1232: 1030: 986: 763: 708: 653: 548: 538: 88: 8705:"Tri-Rail has new drones to watch the railways for safety. When will they start flying?" 8513:

Onie, Sandersan; Li, Xun; Liang, Morgan; Sowmya, Arcot; Larsen, Mark Erik (7 May 2021).

7559: 7530: 6959:"Traumatisierte Lokführer: 'Auch wenn sie die Augen schließen, spüren sie den Aufprall'" 5605: 10299: 10245: 10193: 10183: 10148: 10062: 9857: 9727: 9695: 9625: 9498: 9462: 9131: 9046: 9011: 8993: 8934: 8549: 8514: 8141:"Celebrity suicide on the railway network: Can one case trigger international effects?" 7122: 7118:"Death Shares Commuter Tracks; New Jersey Suicides Illustrate Morbid Lure of the Rails" 6904:[Shock in Cologne: ICE arrives at the station with body parts on the outside]. 6687: 6612:"Top music journalist 'delayed suicide to not disrupt people going home for Christmas'" 6498: 6473: 6196: 6046: 6017: 5942: 5913: 5889: 5862: 5831: 5802: 5749:

Strale, Mathieu; Krysinska, Karolina; Van Overmeiren, Gaëtan; Andriessen, Karl (2016).

5622: 5588: 5480: 5447: 5446:

Strale, Mathieu; Krysinska, Karolina; Van Overmeiren, Gaetan; Andriessen, Karl (2018).

4681: 4217: 4072: 4025: 4012: 3813: 3781: 3722: 3608: 3412: 2024: 1924: 1824: 1701: 1584: 1548: 1544: 1536: 1495: 1190: 863: 858: 813: 768: 743: 623: 428: 283: 258: 190: 148: 58: 8321:

The Vision Zero Handbook: Theory, Technology and Management for a Zero Casualty Policy

7958: 5194:"Priority One: suicides on the subway tracks—how many, how often and how to stop them" 5148: 3910: 10235: 10198: 10168: 10109: 10104: 10087: 10077: 10067: 9918: 9819: 9573: 9503: 9447: 9345: 9314: 9236:

Railroad Implemented Countermeasures to Prevent Suicide: Review of Public Information

8960: 8875: 8836: 8805: 8776: 8768: 8646: 8611: 8603: 8554: 8536: 8483: 8475: 8436: 8431: 8404: 8385: 8377: 8334: 8161: 8113: 8109: 7862: 7828: 7799: 7764: 7687: 7611: 7603: 7564: 7535: 7492: 7398: 7348: 7300: 7215: 6692: 6652: 6503: 6444: 6375: 6367: 6325: 6255: 6247: 6201: 6131: 6090: 6051: 5987: 5947: 5918: 5894: 5836: 5807: 5771: 5721: 5671: 5650:"Ten-year incidence and time trends of railway suicides in Germany from 1991 to 2000" 5627: 5562: 5485: 5353: 5240: 5152: 5113: 4902: 4842: 4838: 4800: 4768: 4764: 4728: 4720: 4685: 4673: 4665: 4590: 4531: 4527: 4491: 4440: 4436: 4039: 3968: 3674: 3662: 1638:'s lower overall suicide rate included the highest rail suicide rate in the country. 1552: 1409:

took his own life on the tracks in 2009, a suicide widely covered in European media.

1381: 803: 773: 723: 713: 628: 553: 533: 8054: 6784: 6422: 5587:

Strauss, Markus; Klimek, Peter; Sonneck, Gernot; Niederkrotenthaler, Thomas (2017).

5398:

Railway Suicides in Canada and Around the World: Agendas for Prevention and Research

4419: 3634: 1430: 10225: 10178: 10153: 10126: 10082: 10026: 9870: 9804: 9675: 9641: 9593: 9583: 9518: 9304: 9300: 9296: 9284:"Predictors of using trains as a suicide method: Findings from Victoria, Australia" 8989: 8867: 8760: 8638: 8593: 8585: 8544: 8526: 8467: 8426: 8416: 8367: 8324: 8319:

Andersson, Anna-Lena; Svensson, Kenneth (2023). "Suicide in the Transport System".

8153: 8105: 8026: 7954: 7791: 7756: 7638: 7595: 7554: 7544: 7488: 7484: 7390: 7340: 7292: 7261: 7259: 7246: 7244: 7205: 6906: 6493: 6485: 6436: 6427: 6359: 6317: 6239: 6191: 6183: 6123: 6082: 6041: 6031: 5979: 5937: 5927: 5884: 5876: 5826: 5816: 5763: 5713: 5663: 5617: 5609: 5554: 5475: 5465: 5345: 5144: 5103: 4894: 4834: 4760: 4712: 4657: 4619: 4586: 4582: 4523: 4483: 4432: 4326: 4322: 4271: 4134: 4007: 3984: 3899: 3603:

The catalyst was an effort in Austria, where a 1984–87 increase in suicides on the

1881: 1490:, who has illegally entered the tracks, and can be distinguished, according to the 1305: 1156: 1057: 1040: 793: 758: 748: 733: 718: 648: 513: 436: 310: 300: 223: 128: 118: 78: 8405:"Effect of station design on death in the London Underground: observational study" 5767: 4256:

This can be considered by suicides themselves. In December 2018, music journalist

10143: 9973: 9963: 9958: 9752: 9705: 9670: 9620: 9568: 8832: 8826: 8795: 8642: 8329: 7852: 7818: 7718:"ERADIS - European Railway Agency Database of Interoperability and Safety - Home" 7447: 7055: 7003: 6934: 6760: 6732: 4794: 4030: 3989: 3939: 3861: 3825: 3733: 3596:. Media reporting has been linked to increased rail suicide attempts through the 3593: 3339: 1921: 1898: 1816:

Another expressed the hope that their death might have been seen as an accident.

1626: 1576: 1402: 1397: 1109: 1104: 1089: 868: 738: 658: 603: 568: 528: 518: 478: 402: 387: 325: 243: 215: 195: 138: 108: 68: 23: 8259: 8188:

Reporting of suicide and trespass incidents by online media in the United States

7854:

Postvention in Action: The International Handbook of Suicide Bereavement Support

7469:

Reisch, Thomas; Steffen, Timur; Habenstein, Astrid; Tschacher, Wolfgang (2013).

7256: 7241: 6489: 6440: 6352:"Railway suicide attempts are associated with amount of sunlight in recent days" 5067: 5065: 5063: 1353:, the suicide may also touch or be otherwise drawn into contact with it, adding 9908: 9903: 9799: 9794: 9774: 9685: 9435: 9422: 8997: 8985: 8824: 7851:

Karl Andriessen; Karolina Krysinska; Onja Grad, eds. (December 9, 2019). "41".

7642: 7549: 5912:

Lukaschek, Karoline; Baumert, Jens; Erazo, Natalia; Ladwig, Karl-Heinz (2014).

4661: 4257: 3976: 3597: 2117: 1854: 1734: 1718: 1565: 1512: 1385: 1373: 1124: 998: 917: 460: 350: 330: 253: 238: 175: 162: 133: 9001: 8871: 8764: 8589: 8471: 8372: 8355: 8157: 8030: 7795: 7599: 7394: 7376:

Huisman, Annemiek; van Houwelingen, Cornelis A.J.; Kerkhof, Ad J.F.M. (2010).

7344: 7296: 7210: 7191: 6363: 6321: 6243: 6086: 5983: 5880: 5717: 5558: 5349: 4898: 4716: 4487: 1462:, which killed seven others on the train. In addition to individual suicides, 10314: 10031: 9779: 9742: 9732: 9700: 9588: 9467: 9349: 8828:

Economic Analysis of Suicide Prevention: Towards Evidence-Based Policy-Making

8772: 8607: 8540: 8479: 8421: 8381: 8254:[Mother of Mothers Castle Nobu: "Wait a minute" to prevent suicide]. 7607: 7146: 6696: 6638: 6371: 6278:"Suizidversuch - Er warf sich wegen Depressionen vor den Zug – und überlebte" 6251: 5932: 5821: 5750: 5244: 5060: 4724: 4669: 4567:"Train suicide mortality and availability of trains: A tale of two countries" 4092: 4020: 3959: 3604: 2016: 1964: 1838: 1697: 1693: 1680: 1648: 1635: 1543:

In a broader sense, some sections of track seem more attractive than others;

1463: 1354: 1173: 1099: 1094: 1072: 1021: 981: 969: 925: 588: 468: 407: 355: 345: 263: 200: 8573: 8455: 7760: 6351: 5667: 4645: 3753:

these underlying issues might be resolved or relieved without loss of life.

9968: 9829: 9814: 9809: 9722: 9563: 9318: 9074: 8956: 8906: 8879: 8780: 8709: 8615: 8558: 8487: 8440: 8389: 8187: 8165: 7803: 7768: 7615: 7568: 7496: 7402: 7352: 7304: 7219: 6616: 6507: 6471: 6448: 6379: 6329: 6259: 6205: 6094: 6055: 6036: 5991: 5951: 5898: 5840: 5775: 5725: 5675: 5631: 5566: 5489: 5470: 5357: 5198: 5117: 4906: 4677: 4594: 4495: 4444: 4418:

Dinkel, Andreas; Baumert, Jens; Erazo, Natalia; Ladwig, Karl-Heinz (2011).

4054: 3972: 3658: 1893: 1873: 1846: 1842: 1362: 1346: 1300: 1052: 643: 288: 278: 103: 8353: 8117: 7850: 6135: 6127: 5701:"Temporal and spatial patterns of suicides in Stockholm's subway stations" 5156: 4846: 4772: 4732: 4535: 2070:, rail suicides accounted for 2% of all suicides in the period 1990-2004. 9948: 9757: 9457: 9335:"A Literature Review of Rail Trespassing and Suicide Prevention Research" 9096: 9042:"Film Festival Reviews; A Life Retreats from Tragedy to Happy Beginnings" 6187: 6014: 5518: 4927: 4138:

discussed below in the "in fiction" section notes. But British cricketer

4116: 3954: 3869: 3654: 3615: 3506: 3411:

In 1999, about 5% of total 33048 suicides in Japan were on train tracks.

2192: 2112: 1406: 993: 663: 598: 305: 9309: 8825:

Yasuyuki Sawada; Michiko Ueda; Tetsuya Matsubayashi (October 24, 2017).

7231: 7229: 6873:"Shinkansen bullet train hits person in Fukuoka Pref.; body parts found" 6110:"Explaining suicide: the views of survivors of serious suicide attempts" 5613: 4274:, a witnessing passenger presses the emergency button to stop the train. 3820: 1946:

suicides had similarly vivid memories of those events many years later.

1641: 9933: 9747: 9680: 9523: 9260:

Remedial Actions to Prevent Suicides on Commuter and Metro Rail Systems

9212:

Suicides on Commuter Rail in California: Possible Patterns—A Case Study

9159: 9037: 8598: 6682:"Kunitachi City Journal; Japanese Trains Try to Shed a Gruesome Appeal" 6644:

The Varieties of Suicidal Experience: A New Theory of Suicidal Violence

6579: 6577: 5748: 5445: 5108: 5090: 4247:

In 2014, UK railways reported £34m of annual loss due to rail suicides.

3971:

to one of them, kneels on the tracks as a train approaches. Similarly,

3884: 3868:

together with the company Purple Transform has been awarded £50,000 by

3470: 3459: 3238: 3149: 2182: 2067: 1942: 1841:

that can ultimately prove fatal. Survivors often suffer severed limbs,

1487: 1455: 1350: 1168: 1163: 1035: 1008: 503: 320: 248: 9127:"'Bird Box Barcelona' Review: An Uninspired Sequel to the Netflix Hit" 7510: 7280:"Mental healthcare status and psychiatric diagnoses of train suicides" 6165:

Marsh, Ian; Marzano, Lisa; Mosse, David; Mackenzie, Jay-Marie (2021).

5586: 4111:

Lying on the tracks includes suicide by train decapitation as well as

3501:

About 70 passenger rail systems in larger metropolitan areas, such as

1658: 9953: 9943: 8747:

Matsubayashi, Tetsuya; Sawada, Yasuyuki; Ueda, Michiko (1 May 2013).

8072: 7946: 7226: 6902:"Schock in Köln: ICE fährt mit Leichenteilen am Rumpf in Bahnhof ein" 6648: 5405: 4959:"IMPLEMENTATION GUIDANCE FOR CSIs ANNEX I OF DIRECTIVE (EU) 2016/798" 4112: 3344:

Statistik der Bahnbetriebsunfälle und Gefährlichen Unregelmäßigkeiten

2177: 1915:

Windscreen of a Japanese train after a suicide jumped in front of it.

1738: 964: 608: 593: 508: 8728: 8684: 8300: 8232: 8137: 6574: 5863:"Suicidal Behaviour on Subway Systems: A Review of the Epidemiology" 5856: 5854: 5852: 5850: 5412: 5371: 4617: 4564: 1417:

The first recorded train suicide occurred in 1852 in England, where

9789: 9784: 9508: 8494: 7950: 6963: 4618:

De-Giorgio, F.; Martinotti, G.; Spagnolo, A.; Vetrugno, G. (2018).

4053:

Films have depicted suicide on urban mass rail transit as well. In

3964: 3895: 2227: 2222: 2207: 2107: 1885: 1861: 1807:

Some survivors chose trains as a metaphor for their own situation:

1696:

in India, where autopsies of many completed suicides show signs of

1631: 1516: 1422: 1289: 473: 335: 63: 8531: 3713: 2078:

As of 1996, 3% of suicides in Canada were committed on railways.

9898: 9737: 9528: 9414: 7060: 5847: 4120: 3796: 3749: 3577: 2212: 2162: 2157: 2147: 2132: 2127: 2122: 2102: 2097: 1931: 1709: 498: 340: 37: 9210:

Botha, Jan L.; Elmasu, Kristina A.; Leitzell, Philip J. (2010).

7717: 7584:"Suicidal Behaviour by Train Collision in Queensland, 1990–2004" 7468: 6930:"Minister calls for probe into fatal Kyushu shinkansen incident" 6423:"Railway Suicide in Belgium 1998–2009: Incidence and Prevention" 6350:

Kadotani, Hiroshi; Nagai, Yumiko; Sozu, Takashi (January 2014).

4882:"Suicidal Behaviour by Train Collision in Queensland, 1990–2004" 4748:"Suicide in the subway: Publicly witnessed attempts of 50 cases" 3800:

Anti-trespass panels at a Dutch level crossing next to a station

1927:

trains take 3 km (1.9 mi) to come to a complete stop.

1345:

is deliberate self-harm resulting in death by means of a moving

9372: 9185: 7453: 7265: 7250: 7027:"A young lad smiled at me - as he stepped in front of my train" 6305:"Factors associated with failed and completed railway suicides" 5801:

Lukaschek, Karoline; Baumert, Jens; Ladwig, Karl-Heinz (2011).

5091:"Behavioral and location-related antecedents of train suicides" 5071: 4560: 4558: 4556: 4554: 4552: 2217: 2202: 2197: 2187: 2152: 2137: 1763: 1185: 523: 268: 6531:"Rail 759: The tragic toll on the railways – Christian Wolmar" 5084: 5082: 5080: 4220:

that found most occurred from the first third of the platform.

3642:

Media coverage of Enke's death and its aftermath was intense,

1737:

have proven so effective in blocking access to the track that

9553: 8930:"What 'Anna Karenina' Taught Me About Living With Depression" 8090: 7375: 6756:"Blood on the tracks: Who pays for deadly railway accidents?" 5905: 5539: 2172: 2142: 1084: 1047: 113: 8631:"An Automated Approach to Prevent Suicide in Metro Stations" 7324: 7087:"Last train out: The puzzle and the pain of suicide by rail" 5302:"Teen Train Suicide Cluster Shakes Affluent California Town" 5088: 5040:"Teens' double suicide rocks Philadelphia suburb of Norwood" 5014:"1 killed, 1 hurt by train 'in joint suicide bid' - English" 4549: 1783:

A 2011 German study made online questionnaires available to

9070:"Why train drivers aren't seeing the funny side of suicide" 8453: 6228:"Regionale und örtliche Verteilungsmuster von Bahnsuiziden" 5911: 5796: 5794: 5792: 5461: 5336:[Regional and local clusters of railway suicides]. 5334:"Regionale und örtliche Verteilungsmuster von Bahnsuiziden" 5077: 3857: 3700:

but rather to learn how to discuss the topic responsibly."

1151: 9383: 7378:"Psychopathology and suicide method in mental health care" 6164: 6160: 6158: 6156: 6154: 6152: 6107: 9234:

Gabree, Scott; Hiltunen, Danielle; Ranalli, Emma (2019).

8323:. Springer International Publishing. pp. 1103–1115. 7150:(in German). No. Presseinformation. 10 January 2014. 6226:

Erazo, N.; Baumert, J.; Ladwig, K.-H. (1 November 2004).

5514:"Rail Suicide: A Train Driver Struggles with Lives Taken" 3914:

Blue suicide prevention light at a Japanese train station

1938: 1789: 1405:, such as those that happened after German football star 8856:

Ichikawa, Masao; Inada, Haruhiko; Kumeji, Minae (2013).

8849: 7939:

Research in Transportation Economics: Railroad Economics

7712: 7710: 7528: 7080: 7078: 5958: 5789: 4875: 4873: 4871: 4869: 4867: 4865: 4863: 4473: 4417: 4383:"Glossary for transport statistics — 5th edition — 2019" 3748:

Beginning in 1916 in Japan, suicide prevention activist

9281: 7516: 7421: 7419: 7235: 7165:[The suicide taboo: One must not want to die]. 6550: 6548: 6149: 6108:

O'Donnell, Ian; Farmer, Richard; Catalán, José (1996).

5694: 5692: 5327: 5325: 4644:

Woolery, Samantha; Prahlow, Joseph A. (December 2021).

4151:

One suicide in Australia rode a bicycle into the train.

8746: 8571: 8282:"Meer maatregelen om zelfdoding op spoor te voorkomen" 8091:

Sonneck, G.; Etzersdorfer, E.; Nagel-Küss, S. (1994).

8004: 7277: 6967:(Interview) (in German). Interviewed by Wlada Kolosova 6842: 5800: 5580: 5223: 5221: 4036:

Associated Society of Locomotive Engineers and Firemen

9233: 8797:

Oxford Textbook of Suicidology and Suicide Prevention

8734: 8690: 8500: 8306: 8238: 8078: 8013:"Do U.S. Rail Safety Statistics Undercount Suicides?" 7707: 7683:

Railway safety performance in the European Union 2016

7582:

De Leo, Diego; Krysinska, Karolina (September 2008).

7075: 7056:"Rail suicides anything but painless for train crews" 5744: 5742: 5441: 5439: 5187: 5185: 5183: 5181: 5179: 5177: 5175: 5173: 5130: 4860: 3544:

Lower estimate of the total number of fatal incidents

1642:

Specific locations at and near stations and crossings

8902:"Anna Karenina: great novel, shame about the ending" 8218:

John A. Volpe National Transportation Systems Center

7980: 7416: 7371: 7369: 6992: 6990: 6988: 6986: 6984: 6982: 6845:"DLR safety questioned after banker killed by train" 6754:

Brasor, Masako; Tsubutsu, Masako (18 October 2013).

6556:"Written evidence submitted by Samaritans (RLS0015)" 6545: 6467: 6465: 5861:

Ratnayake, Ruwan; Links, Paul; Eynan, Rahel (2007).

5698: 5689: 5643: 5641: 5507: 5505: 5503: 5501: 5499: 5424: 5322: 5267: 5265: 5263: 5261: 5227: 3670:

John A. Volpe National Transportation Systems Center

1481: 9209: 8855: 8696: 8402: 7992: 7923: 7686:. Publications Office of the European Union. 2016. 6420: 5860: 5418: 5377: 5218: 4142:

chose to jump from a passenger compartment in 1928.

4079:On stage, British playwright Kieran Knowles's 2017 1659:

Suicide on urban-suburban mass transit rail systems

8131: 8059:Rail Suicide Prevention Resource Page, VolpeCenter 7781: 7746: 7657:"Railway safety performance in the european union" 7588:Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 7163:"Tabuthema Suizid - Man darf nicht sterben wollen" 6809: 6807: 6805: 6803: 6414: 6302: 6225: 5964: 5739: 5647: 5436: 5331: 5170: 1837:at hospital with internal organ damage and severe 1498:are mentioned for categorizing a suicidal intent. 8512: 8318: 7522: 7366: 6979: 6462: 6349: 5638: 5496: 5390: 5388: 5386: 5258: 4745: 4511:"Railway suicide in England and Wales, 1850–1949" 4070:attempts to solve. The scene is echoed in 2023's 3607:received sensationalistic coverage in the city's 1419:rail development in Europe had been most advanced 10312: 7271: 6303:Erazo, N.; Baumert, J.J.; Ladwig, K.-H. (2005). 4024:tells the story of Paul Callow, a driver on the 1959:Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineers and Trainmen 1506: 8206: 8049: 8047: 7886:"Inside Tokyo's Infamous Suicide Train Station" 7846: 7844: 7742: 7740: 7738: 7581: 7464: 7462: 7278:van Houwelingen, Cornelis; Kerkhof, Ad (2008). 6800: 6010: 6008: 4928:"U.K. police: Rail crash may have been suicide" 4879: 4813: 4613: 4611: 4119:; in hara kiri, the train wheel runs over the 3489:Pedestrian railroad safety in the United States 9155:"What It's Like Dealing With Railway Suicides" 8628: 8186:Gabree, Scott H.; Mejia, Bianka (March 2017). 6818:[The Victims of Those Tired of Life]. 6753: 6421:Andriessen, Karl; Krysinska, Karolina (2012). 5699:Uittenbogaard, Adrian; Ceccato, Vania (2015). 5383: 4643: 1388:and the open stretches of track between them. 16:Deliberate death by means of a railway vehicle 9399: 8179: 7880: 7878: 7628: 7047: 6722: 6720: 6718: 6071: 5965:Erazo, N.; Baumert, J.; Ladwig, K-H. (2004). 5648:Baumert, K.; Erazo, N.; Ladwig, K.H. (2006). 5394: 5332:Erazo, N.; Baumert, J.; Ladwig, K-H. (2004). 3657:, played its home games. Enke's former club, 1860:A 2012 Belgian study put the annual costs to 1323: 890: 9101:"Times change. Gordon Gekko is now the hero" 8044: 7910: 7841: 7735: 7459: 7111: 7109: 6005: 4637: 4608: 4469: 4467: 4465: 4463: 4461: 4413: 4411: 4409: 4407: 4405: 4403: 4132:An extremely rare method, as the scene from 1962: 8629:Mukherjee, Anindya; Ghosh, Bavrabi (2017). 8185: 6271: 6269: 5404:. International Railway Safety Conference. 4880:De Leo, Diego; Krysinska, Karolina (2008). 4822:"Suicidal behaviour on railways in the FRG" 4701:"Psychiatric aspects of railway fatalities" 4361:In the U.S., Caltrain has a similar policy. 3703: 3653:, where his club at the time of his death, 1717:was found, with 86% of the suicides in the 9406: 9392: 8258:(in Japanese). 8 July 2013. Archived from 8093:"Imitative suicide on the Viennese subway" 7875: 7425: 6715: 6275: 6067: 6065: 4953: 4951: 4949: 4739: 1427:the rail network was at its most extensive 1330: 1316: 897: 883: 9308: 9146: 8793: 8597: 8548: 8530: 8430: 8420: 8371: 8328: 7816: 7558: 7548: 7209: 7106: 6843:Tristan Kirk; John Dunne (19 June 2020). 6525: 6523: 6521: 6519: 6517: 6497: 6195: 6045: 6035: 6018:"Alcohol and the Risk of Railway Suicide" 5941: 5931: 5888: 5830: 5820: 5621: 5479: 5469: 5272:Cadenbach, Christoph (18 February 2010). 5271: 5107: 4819: 4650:Forensic Science, Medicine, and Pathology 4458: 4400: 4321:The suicides skewed younger, but after a 3853:Security camera at a Vienna Metro station 3587: 1774: 1685:suicide victims on the London Underground 8403:T J Coats; D P Walter (9 October 1999). 7115: 6896: 6894: 6867: 6865: 6609: 6266: 4746:Guggenheim, F.G.; Weisman, A.D. (1972). 3934: 3909: 3848: 3819: 3795: 3633: 1910: 1823: 1728:Platform screen doors on Singapore's MRT 1723: 1662: 634:Suicide in colleges in the United States 18: 9152: 9067: 8055:"Rail Suicide Prevention Resource Page" 7622: 7160: 6996: 6956: 6276:Singen (D), Max Dohner (2 April 2015). 6062: 5408:: International Railway Safety Council. 5395:Mishara, Brian; Bardon, Cécile (2013). 4946: 4698: 3996:The 1981 West German television series 1795: 1625:A 2015 Swedish study of suicide on the 10313: 9257: 9124: 8955: 8703:Pounds, Marcia Heroux (8 March 2019). 8702: 7929: 7913:"Striving to prevent suicide by train" 7189: 6728:"Families fined for suicides in Japan" 6678: 6672: 6637: 6514: 5430: 4988:"Train Kills 2 Girls (Published 1993)" 4796:Silence Of The Heart: Cricket Suicides 4508: 1494:, by the presence of suicidal intent. 1466:on railways have also been reported. 9387: 9332: 9095: 9036: 8927: 8214:"Media Reporting of Railway Suicides" 8010: 7998: 7986: 7084: 7053: 7024: 6891: 6862: 6813: 6219: 5191: 4792: 4646:"Train-related suicidal decapitation" 3791: 3628:Federal Statistical Office of Germany 3436:data for 2020 for the railway network 8899: 7426:Halsey III, Ashley (7 August 2018). 7161:Ahrends, Martin (23 February 2015). 7116:Smothers, Ronald (15 October 2003). 6814:Weber, Christian (2 February 2012). 5511: 3824:Fences between tracks at station in 1906: 1401:of a rail suicide in order to avoid 447:List of suicides in the 21st century 8735:Gabree, Hiltunen & Ranalli 2019 8691:Gabree, Hiltunen & Ranalli 2019 8501:Gabree, Hiltunen & Ranalli 2019 8307:Gabree, Hiltunen & Ranalli 2019 8239:Gabree, Hiltunen & Ranalli 2019 8079:Gabree, Hiltunen & Ranalli 2019 7968:from the original on April 18, 2023 7085:Lucas, Philip (16 September 2011). 6023:Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 5542:"Train suicides in The Netherlands" 5453:Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 4343:not be allowed easy access to rail. 1976: 1872:said that in 2014–15 suicides cost 13: 9153:Hillier, David (26 October 2017). 9068:Barkham, Patrick (22 April 2008). 4627:Romanian Journal of Legal Medicine 4325:the authors discounted that as an 3638:Fans grieving after Enke's suicide 3425:suicides on the London Underground 3398: 1957:John Tolman, an official with the 1492:European Union Agency for Railways 1429:. This led pioneering sociologist 849:Death with Dignity National Center 14: 10337: 9843:List of countries by suicide rate 9365: 8900:Emms, Stephen (2 February 2010). 7749:European Journal of Public Health 6957:Reinken, Volker (8 August 2019). 6703:from the original on 27 June 2009 6679:French, Howard W. (6 June 2000). 5756:Int. J. Inj. Control Saf. Promot. 5419:Botha, Elmasu & Leitzell 2010 5378:Botha, Elmasu & Leitzell 2010 3418: 1482:Difference to trespasser accident 1440:to which it is used for suicide. 9848:Antidepressants and suicide risk 9371: 9118: 9089: 9061: 9030: 8978: 8949: 8928:Kelly, Maura (6 February 2019). 8921: 8893: 8818: 8794:Wasserman, Danuta (2021). "13". 8787: 8740: 8659: 8622: 8565: 8506: 8447: 8396: 8347: 8312: 8274: 8244: 8084: 7911:Noah Bierman (9 February 2010). 7904: 7810: 7775: 7674: 7649: 7575: 7025:Timms, Katie (10 October 2018). 5512:Goos, Hauke (14 February 2018). 5192:Giese, Rachel (10 August 2010). 4799:. Random House. pp. 75–76. 4765:10.1097/00005053-197212000-00003 4476:Accident Analysis and Prevention 4437:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2010.05.005 4355: 4346: 4332: 3944:the 1914 Russian film adaptation 3732: 3721: 3712: 3482: 2035:A 2018 study of suicides on the 1884:can have effects as far away as 1853:most European countries. On the 1748: 1741:has reported no suicides on its 1299: 924: 9267:Mineta Transportation Institute 9243:Federal Railroad Administration 9219:Mineta Transportation Institute 9195:Federal Railroad Administration 9125:Harvey, Dennis (11 July 2023). 8192:Federal Railroad Administration 7318: 7183: 7154: 7137: 7018: 6950: 6922: 6836: 6772: 6747: 6631: 6610:Davidson, Tom (25 April 2019). 6603: 6386: 6343: 6296: 6101: 5533: 5294: 5124: 5032: 5006: 4980: 4920: 4786: 4329:created by the low sample size. 4315: 4306: 4297: 4287: 4277: 4264: 4250: 4241: 4232: 4223: 4209: 4200: 4191: 4182: 4173: 4163: 4154: 4145: 4126: 4060:Wall Street: Money Never Sleeps 3844: 3517:Rail suicides in United States 2050: 1996:Federal Railroad Administration 1989: 1819: 1525:Mineta Transportation Institute 9301:10.1016/j.psychres.2017.03.057 9178: 8753:Journal of Affective Disorders 8578:Journal of Affective Disorders 8460:Journal of Affective Disorders 8018:Transportation Research Record 7489:10.1176/appi.ajp.2013.12091256 6997:Hindash, Saed (18 June 2009). 6356:Journal of Affective Disorders 4699:Symonds, R. L. (August 1985). 4692: 4587:10.1016/j.psychres.2012.12.026 4502: 4375: 4105: 3580:, such as restricting access. 3511:Federal Transit Administration 1951:post-traumatic stress disorder 1367:post-traumatic stress disorder 1: 9876:heads of state and government 9342:Transportation Research Board 8252:"母たちの母城ノブ⑤自殺防止に「一寸待て」｜福祉新聞" 7959:10.1016/S0739-8859(07)20008-3 7932:"Trespassing on the Railroad" 7820:Suicide: An Unnecessary Death 7332:British Journal of Psychiatry 7054:Carey, Nick (9 August 2007). 6115:British Journal of Psychiatry 5768:10.1080/17457300.2016.1166140 5149:10.1016/S0305-4179(97)00033-8 4368: 3930: 3905: 3571: 3358:Jumping in front of the train 1507:General locations along lines 1115:Passenger traffic terminology 9333:Topel, Kurt (January 2019). 8643:10.1007/978-981-10-3153-3_75 8330:10.1007/978-3-030-76505-7_42 8110:10.1016/0277-9536(94)90447-2 6585:"Railway Suicide Prevention" 4839:10.1016/0277-9536(94)90441-3 4528:10.1016/0277-9536(94)90439-1 4509:Clarke, M. (February 1994). 2061: 1501: 639:Suicide in music subcultures 26:on rails after a suicide at 7: 9979:Suicide prevention contract 9413: 6816:"Die Opfer der Lebensmüden" 5276:[The Enke Effect]. 5096:Suicide Life-Threat. Behav. 4086: 4050:failed at the box office. 4013:reverse chronological order 3942:as the title character in 2039:in the Australian state of 1611:passenger traffic intensity 1603:, the ratio between annual 1433:to reason in his 1897 work 574:Neurodevelopmental disorder 10: 10342: 9431:Assessment of suicide risk 8360:Journal of Safety Research 7817:Wasserman, Danuta (2016). 7643:10.1016/j.ssci.2016.06.017 7550:10.1186/s12889-024-18120-w 4662:10.1007/s12024-021-00396-8 3921:West Japan Railway Company 3881:Toronto Transit Commission 3874:UK Research and Innovation 3486: 3364:Wandering along the track 3328: 2054: 1700:in addition to the severe 1667:Subway suicide aftermath, 1443: 1412: 10040: 9987: 9891: 9856: 9828: 9634: 9481: 9421: 8872:10.1016/j.jad.2013.09.006 8765:10.1016/j.jad.2012.08.018 8590:10.1016/j.jad.2015.05.006 8472:10.1016/j.jad.2016.01.026 8373:10.1016/j.jsr.2022.08.019 8158:10.1016/j.jad.2015.06.037 8031:10.1177/03611981221086938 7796:10.1007/s00115-004-1703-x 7600:10.1080/00048670802277263 7395:10.1016/j.jad.2009.05.024 7345:10.1192/bjp.bp.113.139352 7297:10.1016/j.jad.2007.08.024 6490:10.1027/0227-5910/a000792 6441:10.1027/0227-5910/a000105 6364:10.1016/j.jad.2013.08.040 6322:10.1016/j.jad.2005.06.008 6244:10.1007/s00115-004-1703-x 6087:10.1016/j.jad.2015.12.042 5984:10.1016/j.jad.2004.04.012 5881:10.1007/s11524-007-9211-5 5718:10.1016/j.aap.2015.03.043 5559:10.1016/j.jad.2010.06.005 5350:10.1007/s00115-004-1703-x 4899:10.1080/00048670802277263 4717:10.1017/S0033291700031469 4488:10.1016/j.aap.2015.04.012 3963:, under the influence of 3817:suicides by 89 per cent. 3624:the next year's World Cup 2081: 2073: 1963: 1607:and overall track length, 1575:However, a 2010 study in 1529:San Jose State University 1228:List of high-speed trains 564:Major depressive disorder 9616:Suicide and the Internet 9579:Social media and suicide 9258:Sherry, Patrick (2016). 8835:Singapore. p. 129. 8422:10.1136/bmj.319.7215.957 7859:Hogrefe Publishing Group 6788:(in German). 13 May 2020 5933:10.1186/1471-2458-14-124 5822:10.1186/1471-2458-11-620 4098: 3704:Suicide prevention signs 3406: 3333:As according to STABAG ( 1425:region, where similarly 844:Compassion & Choices 669:Warning signs of suicide 619:Suicide and the Internet 579:Non-suicidal self-injury 124:Social media and suicide 9014:. Event occurs at 1:04 9008:Los Angeles, California 8802:Oxford University Press 8288:(in Dutch). 11 May 2017 7825:Oxford University Press 7211:10.1093/eurpub/14.3.291 5045:Harrisburg Patriot-News 3953:The title character of 3879:A program begun by the 3496:Northwestern University 3369:open tracks (total 607) 2057:Epidemiology of suicide 1601:train traffic intensity 1472:Queensland rail network 1460:Ufton Nervet rail crash 1357:to the cause of death. 1130:Railway nationalization 8965:University of Nebraska 7190:Ladwig, K.-H. (2004). 7168:Deutschlandfunk Kultur 6037:10.3390/ijerph17197003 5471:10.3390/ijerph15102074 4820:Schmidtke, A. (1994). 4705:Psychological Medicine 4170:researchers' findings. 4018:The 2008 British film 3950: 3915: 3854: 3829: 3801: 3758:113 Zelfmoordpreventie 3639: 3588:Journalistic practices 3343: 1916: 1833: 1814: 1775:Behavioral indications 1729: 1676: 1533:downtown San Francisco 1238:Longest train services 1120:Named passenger trains 31: 9549:Philosophy of suicide 9099:(22 September 2010). 7761:10.1093/eurpub/cki060 7197:Eur. J. Public Health 7092:Philadelphia Inquirer 6128:10.1192/bjp.168.6.780 5668:10.1093/eurpub/cki060 5655:Eur. J. Public Health 4793:Firth, David (2011). 3975:'s 1905 short story " 3938: 3913: 3852: 3823: 3810:platform screen doors 3799: 3637: 3487:Further information: 3451:Rail suicide attempts 3063:Rail suicide attempts 2829:Rail suicides in 2014 2743:Rail suicides in 2013 2657:Rail suicides in 2012 2571:Rail suicides in 2011 2486:Rail suicides in 2010 2401:Rail suicides in 2009 2318:Rail suicides in 2008 2234:Rail suicides in 2007 2037:Melbourne rail system 2013:blood alcohol content 2000:psychiatric autopsies 1949:Drivers often suffer 1914: 1827: 1809: 1727: 1704:caused by the train. 1666: 1521:Palo Alto, California 1394:platform screen doors 1253:Platform screen doors 383:LGBT-related suicides 22: 10326:Occupational hazards 9866:Suicide in antiquity 9654:Bullying and suicide 9539:Interpersonal theory 9534:Identity performance 9514:Dysfunctional family 9453:Suicide intervention 9380:at Wikimedia Commons 8671:Lancaster University 8011:Topel, Kurt (2022). 7930:Savage, Ian (2007). 7722:eradis.era.europa.eu 6358:. 152–154: 162–168. 6188:10.1192/bjo.2020.173 4887:Aus. N. Z. J. Psych. 4341:depressive disorders 3866:Lancaster University 3806:anti-trespass panels 3651:Niedersachsenstadion 3594:others to attempt it 3471:Unauthorized persons 3460:Unauthorized persons 3239:Unauthorized persons 3150:Unauthorized persons 1796:Reasons for choosing 1451:New York City Subway 1306:Transport portal 1258:Railway speed record 614:Suicidal ambivalence 442:Suicide in antiquity 229:Bullying and suicide 144:Voluntary euthanasia 84:Identity performance 74:Dysfunctional family 9924:Diseases of despair 9914:Consensual homicide 9881:in the 21st century 9711:Jumping from height 9245:. DOT/FRA/ORD-19/04 9197:. DOT/FRA/ORD-13/25 8715:Fort Lauderdale, FL 8262:on 19 February 2021 8194:. DOT/FRA/ORD-17/02 7433:The Washington Post 6877:Mainichi Daily News 6821:Süddeutsche Zeitung 6768:on 24 October 2020. 6589:Rail Delivery Group 6282:St. Galler Tagblatt 5614:10.1098/rsos.160711 5606:2017RSOS....460711S 5206:on 31 December 2014 4753:J. Nerv. Ment. Dis. 3925:confidence interval 3645:Süddeutsche Zeitung 3518: 3383:station (total 386) 3351: 1878:Rail Delivery Group 1830:Kamifukuoka Station 1591:population density, 1233:List of train songs 1110:High-speed railways 1063:Couplers by country 912:Part of a series on 654:Suicide terminology 539:Diseases of despair 9768:London Underground 9626:Workplace bullying 9463:Suicide prevention 9047:The New York Times 9012:Paramount Pictures 8994:Edward G. Robinson 8935:The New York Times 8866:152–154: 183–185. 8863:J. Affect. Disord. 8519:JMIR Mental Health 8146:J. Affect. Disord. 7454:Berman et al. 2013 7383:J. Affect. Disord. 7285:J. Affect. Disord. 7266:Berman et al. 2013 7251:Berman et al. 2013 7123:The New York Times 6688:The New York Times 6310:J. Affect. Disord. 6075:J. Affect. Disord. 5972:J. Affect. Disord. 5706:Accid. Anal. Prev. 5547:J. Affect. Disord. 5237:Suicidology Online 5109:10.1111/sltb.12941 5072:Berman et al. 2013 5020:. 16 November 2018 4992:The New York Times 4425:J. Psychiatr. Res. 4218:London Underground 4073:Bird Box Barcelona 4026:London Underground 3999:Tod eines Schülers 3969:arrange a marriage 3951: 3916: 3855: 3830: 3814:London Underground 3802: 3792:Access restriction 3640: 3609:tabloid newspapers 3516: 3413:Shin-Koiwa Station 3361:Lying on the track 3349: 2025:the country's army 1998:(FRA) study using 1925:Inter-City Express 1917: 1866:British Parliament 1834: 1730: 1702:blunt force trauma 1677: 1585:Poisson regression 1545:population density 1537:Santa Clara Valley 1496:Ovenstone criteria 1068:Coupler conversion 864:Final Exit Network 859:Exit International 624:Suicide and trauma 378:Gender differences 171:Assessment of risk 149:Workplace bullying 32: 10308: 10307: 10022:Music subcultures 9919:Depression (mood) 9574:Social inequality 9448:Suicidal ideation 9376:Media related to 9040:(31 March 2001). 8652:978-981-10-3152-6 8340:978-3-030-76504-0 7790:(11): 1099–1106. 7693:978-92-9205-049-8 7536:BMC Public Health 7476:Am. J. Psychiatry 7456:, pp. 19–20. 7268:, pp. 14–16. 7253:, pp. 11–12. 6401:www.era.europa.eu 6238:(11): 1099–1106. 5919:BMC Public Health 5808:BMC Public Health 5594:R. Soc. Open Sci. 5421:, pp. 25–30. 5380:, pp. 31–39. 5344:(11): 1099–1106. 5310:. 21 October 2009 5274:"Der Enke-Effekt" 4994:. 3 December 1993 4934:. 7 November 2004 4272:driverless trains 4040:managing director 3982:In the 1944 film 3826:Suffern, New York 3675:suicide contagion 3663:moment of silence 3620:the national team 3566: 3565: 3480: 3479: 3473:seriously injured 3396: 3395: 3326: 3325: 3241:seriously injured 1907:Effect on drivers 1519:commuter line in 1340: 1339: 1058:Railway couplings 1041:Steam locomotives 907: 906: 629:Suicide awareness 534:Depression (mood) 492:Related phenomena 10333: 10321:Suicide by train 10283:military veteran 10268:Assisted suicide 10256:Assisted suicide 9871:List of suicides 9666:Charcoal-burning 9642:Assisted suicide 9594:Suicide survivor 9584:Social rejection 9519:Economic anxiety 9408: 9401: 9394: 9385: 9384: 9378:Suicide by train 9375: 9360: 9358: 9356: 9339: 9329: 9327: 9325: 9312: 9278: 9276: 9274: 9269:. CA-MTI-14-1129 9264: 9254: 9252: 9250: 9240: 9230: 9228: 9226: 9221:. CA-MTI-10-2926 9216: 9206: 9204: 9202: 9192: 9172: 9171: 9169: 9167: 9150: 9144: 9143: 9141: 9139: 9122: 9116: 9115: 9113: 9111: 9093: 9087: 9086: 9084: 9082: 9065: 9059: 9058: 9056: 9054: 9034: 9028: 9027: 9021: 9019: 9003:Double Indemnity 8990:Barbara Stanwyck 8982: 8976: 8975: 8973: 8971: 8953: 8947: 8946: 8944: 8942: 8925: 8919: 8918: 8916: 8914: 8897: 8891: 8890: 8888: 8886: 8853: 8847: 8846: 8822: 8816: 8815: 8791: 8785: 8784: 8744: 8738: 8732: 8726: 8725: 8723: 8721: 8700: 8694: 8688: 8682: 8681: 8679: 8677: 8663: 8657: 8656: 8626: 8620: 8619: 8601: 8569: 8563: 8562: 8552: 8534: 8510: 8504: 8498: 8492: 8491: 8451: 8445: 8444: 8434: 8424: 8400: 8394: 8393: 8375: 8351: 8345: 8344: 8332: 8316: 8310: 8304: 8298: 8297: 8295: 8293: 8278: 8272: 8271: 8269: 8267: 8248: 8242: 8236: 8230: 8229: 8227: 8225: 8210: 8204: 8203: 8201: 8199: 8183: 8177: 8176: 8174: 8172: 8135: 8129: 8128: 8126: 8124: 8088: 8082: 8076: 8070: 8069: 8067: 8065: 8051: 8042: 8041: 8039: 8037: 8008: 8002: 7996: 7990: 7984: 7978: 7977: 7975: 7973: 7967: 7936: 7927: 7921: 7920: 7908: 7902: 7901: 7899: 7897: 7882: 7873: 7872: 7848: 7839: 7838: 7814: 7808: 7807: 7779: 7773: 7772: 7744: 7733: 7732: 7730: 7728: 7714: 7705: 7704: 7702: 7700: 7678: 7672: 7671: 7669: 7667: 7661: 7653: 7647: 7646: 7626: 7620: 7619: 7579: 7573: 7572: 7562: 7552: 7526: 7520: 7514: 7508: 7507: 7505: 7503: 7466: 7457: 7451: 7445: 7444: 7442: 7440: 7423: 7414: 7413: 7411: 7409: 7373: 7364: 7363: 7361: 7359: 7322: 7316: 7315: 7313: 7311: 7291:(1–3): 281–284. 7275: 7269: 7263: 7254: 7248: 7239: 7233: 7224: 7223: 7213: 7187: 7181: 7180: 7178: 7176: 7158: 7152: 7151: 7141: 7135: 7134: 7132: 7130: 7113: 7104: 7103: 7101: 7099: 7082: 7073: 7072: 7070: 7068: 7051: 7045: 7044: 7042: 7040: 7022: 7016: 7015: 7013: 7011: 6999:"Death By Train" 6994: 6977: 6976: 6974: 6972: 6954: 6948: 6947: 6945: 6943: 6926: 6920: 6919: 6917: 6915: 6907:Der Tagesspiegel 6898: 6889: 6888: 6886: 6884: 6869: 6860: 6859: 6857: 6855: 6849:Evening Standard 6840: 6834: 6833: 6831: 6829: 6811: 6798: 6797: 6795: 6793: 6776: 6770: 6769: 6764:. Archived from 6751: 6745: 6744: 6742: 6740: 6724: 6713: 6712: 6710: 6708: 6684: 6676: 6670: 6669: 6667: 6665: 6635: 6629: 6628: 6626: 6624: 6607: 6601: 6600: 6598: 6596: 6581: 6572: 6571: 6569: 6567: 6552: 6543: 6542: 6540: 6538: 6527: 6512: 6511: 6501: 6469: 6460: 6459: 6457: 6455: 6418: 6412: 6411: 6409: 6407: 6398: 6390: 6384: 6383: 6347: 6341: 6340: 6338: 6336: 6300: 6294: 6293: 6291: 6289: 6273: 6264: 6263: 6223: 6217: 6216: 6214: 6212: 6199: 6171: 6162: 6147: 6146: 6144: 6142: 6105: 6099: 6098: 6069: 6060: 6059: 6049: 6039: 6012: 6003: 6002: 6000: 5998: 5962: 5956: 5955: 5945: 5935: 5909: 5903: 5902: 5892: 5858: 5845: 5844: 5834: 5824: 5798: 5787: 5786: 5784: 5782: 5746: 5737: 5736: 5734: 5732: 5696: 5687: 5686: 5684: 5682: 5645: 5636: 5635: 5625: 5584: 5578: 5577: 5575: 5573: 5553:(1–3): 281–286. 5537: 5531: 5530: 5528: 5526: 5509: 5494: 5493: 5483: 5473: 5443: 5434: 5428: 5422: 5416: 5410: 5409: 5403: 5392: 5381: 5375: 5369: 5368: 5366: 5364: 5329: 5320: 5319: 5317: 5315: 5298: 5292: 5291: 5289: 5287: 5269: 5256: 5255: 5253: 5251: 5234: 5225: 5216: 5215: 5213: 5211: 5202:. Archived from 5189: 5168: 5167: 5165: 5163: 5128: 5122: 5121: 5111: 5086: 5075: 5069: 5058: 5057: 5055: 5053: 5036: 5030: 5029: 5027: 5025: 5010: 5004: 5003: 5001: 4999: 4984: 4978: 4977: 4975: 4973: 4963: 4955: 4944: 4943: 4941: 4939: 4924: 4918: 4917: 4915: 4913: 4877: 4858: 4857: 4855: 4853: 4817: 4811: 4810: 4790: 4784: 4783: 4781: 4779: 4743: 4737: 4736: 4696: 4690: 4689: 4641: 4635: 4634: 4624: 4615: 4606: 4605: 4603: 4601: 4571: 4562: 4547: 4546: 4544: 4542: 4506: 4500: 4499: 4471: 4456: 4455: 4453: 4451: 4415: 4398: 4397: 4395: 4393: 4379: 4362: 4359: 4353: 4350: 4344: 4336: 4330: 4323:chi-squared test 4319: 4313: 4310: 4304: 4301: 4295: 4291: 4285: 4281: 4275: 4268: 4262: 4254: 4248: 4245: 4239: 4236: 4230: 4227: 4221: 4213: 4207: 4204: 4198: 4195: 4189: 4186: 4180: 4177: 4171: 4167: 4161: 4158: 4152: 4149: 4143: 4135:Double Indemnity 4130: 4124: 4109: 4008:Peppermint Candy 3985:Double Indemnity 3900:Brunswick, Maine 3766: 3736: 3725: 3716: 3519: 3515: 3430: 3429: 3352: 3348: 3338: 2089: 2088: 1977:Effect on others 1968: 1967: 1882:south of England 1790:Hong Kong subway 1605:train-kilometres 1535:south along the 1527:(MTI) at nearby 1403:copycat suicides 1332: 1325: 1318: 1304: 1303: 1004:Gauge conversion 928: 909: 908: 899: 892: 885: 649:Suicide survivor 514:Anxiety disorder 437:List of suicides 413:among LGBT youth 398:Seasonal effects 311:Prisoner suicide 129:Social rejection 119:Social isolation 34: 33: 28:Mainz-Laubenheim 10341: 10340: 10336: 10335: 10334: 10332: 10331: 10330: 10311: 10310: 10309: 10304: 10288:Native American 10036: 9983: 9964:Suicide methods 9959:Suicide attempt 9887: 9852: 9838:Sex differences 9824: 9630: 9621:Toxic workplace 9569:School bullying 9559:Religious views 9477: 9417: 9412: 9368: 9363: 9354: 9352: 9337: 9323: 9321: 9289:Psychiatry Res. 9272: 9270: 9262: 9248: 9246: 9241:(Report). U.S. 9238: 9224: 9222: 9214: 9200: 9198: 9193:(Report). U.S. 9190: 9181: 9176: 9175: 9165: 9163: 9151: 9147: 9137: 9135: 9123: 9119: 9109: 9107: 9094: 9090: 9080: 9078: 9066: 9062: 9052: 9050: 9035: 9031: 9017: 9015: 8984: 8983: 8979: 8969: 8967: 8954: 8950: 8940: 8938: 8926: 8922: 8912: 8910: 8898: 8894: 8884: 8882: 8854: 8850: 8843: 8833:Springer Nature 8823: 8819: 8812: 8804:. p. 728. 8792: 8788: 8745: 8741: 8733: 8729: 8719: 8717: 8701: 8697: 8689: 8685: 8675: 8673: 8665: 8664: 8660: 8653: 8627: 8623: 8570: 8566: 8511: 8507: 8499: 8495: 8452: 8448: 8401: 8397: 8352: 8348: 8341: 8317: 8313: 8305: 8301: 8291: 8289: 8280: 8279: 8275: 8265: 8263: 8256:Fukushi Shimbun 8250: 8249: 8245: 8237: 8233: 8223: 8221: 8212: 8211: 8207: 8197: 8195: 8184: 8180: 8170: 8168: 8136: 8132: 8122: 8120: 8089: 8085: 8081:, pp. 3–4. 8077: 8073: 8063: 8061: 8053: 8052: 8045: 8035: 8033: 8009: 8005: 7997: 7993: 7985: 7981: 7971: 7969: 7965: 7934: 7928: 7924: 7919:. Boston Globe. 7909: 7905: 7895: 7893: 7884: 7883: 7876: 7869: 7861:. p. 368. 7849: 7842: 7835: 7827:. p. 358. 7815: 7811: 7780: 7776: 7745: 7736: 7726: 7724: 7716: 7715: 7708: 7698: 7696: 7694: 7680: 7679: 7675: 7665: 7663: 7659: 7655: 7654: 7650: 7627: 7623: 7580: 7576: 7527: 7523: 7517:Too et al. 2017 7515: 7511: 7501: 7499: 7467: 7460: 7452: 7448: 7438: 7436: 7424: 7417: 7407: 7405: 7374: 7367: 7357: 7355: 7323: 7319: 7309: 7307: 7276: 7272: 7264: 7257: 7249: 7242: 7236:Too et al. 2017 7234: 7227: 7188: 7184: 7174: 7172: 7159: 7155: 7143: 7142: 7138: 7128: 7126: 7114: 7107: 7097: 7095: 7083: 7076: 7066: 7064: 7052: 7048: 7038: 7036: 7023: 7019: 7009: 7007: 7004:The Star-Ledger 6995: 6980: 6970: 6968: 6955: 6951: 6941: 6939: 6935:The Japan Times 6928: 6927: 6923: 6913: 6911: 6900: 6899: 6892: 6882: 6880: 6871: 6870: 6863: 6853: 6851: 6841: 6837: 6827: 6825: 6812: 6801: 6791: 6789: 6778: 6777: 6773: 6761:The Japan Times 6752: 6748: 6738: 6736: 6733:The Irish Times 6726: 6725: 6716: 6706: 6704: 6677: 6673: 6663: 6661: 6659: 6636: 6632: 6622: 6620: 6608: 6604: 6594: 6592: 6583: 6582: 6575: 6565: 6563: 6560:U.K. Parliament 6554: 6553: 6546: 6536: 6534: 6529: 6528: 6515: 6470: 6463: 6453: 6451: 6419: 6415: 6405: 6403: 6396: 6392: 6391: 6387: 6348: 6344: 6334: 6332: 6301: 6297: 6287: 6285: 6274: 6267: 6224: 6220: 6210: 6208: 6175:B.J. Psych.Open 6169: 6163: 6150: 6140: 6138: 6106: 6102: 6070: 6063: 6013: 6006: 5996: 5994: 5963: 5959: 5910: 5906: 5868:J. Urban Health 5859: 5848: 5799: 5790: 5780: 5778: 5747: 5740: 5730: 5728: 5697: 5690: 5680: 5678: 5646: 5639: 5585: 5581: 5571: 5569: 5538: 5534: 5524: 5522: 5510: 5497: 5444: 5437: 5429: 5425: 5417: 5413: 5401: 5393: 5384: 5376: 5372: 5362: 5360: 5330: 5323: 5313: 5311: 5300: 5299: 5295: 5285: 5283: 5270: 5259: 5249: 5247: 5232: 5226: 5219: 5209: 5207: 5190: 5171: 5161: 5159: 5129: 5125: 5102:(53): 303–311. 5087: 5078: 5070: 5061: 5051: 5049: 5048:. March 4, 2010 5038: 5037: 5033: 5023: 5021: 5012: 5011: 5007: 4997: 4995: 4986: 4985: 4981: 4971: 4969: 4961: 4957: 4956: 4947: 4937: 4935: 4926: 4925: 4921: 4911: 4909: 4878: 4861: 4851: 4849: 4818: 4814: 4807: 4791: 4787: 4777: 4775: 4744: 4740: 4697: 4693: 4642: 4638: 4622: 4616: 4609: 4599: 4597: 4575:Psychiatry Res. 4569: 4563: 4550: 4540: 4538: 4507: 4503: 4472: 4459: 4449: 4447: 4416: 4401: 4391: 4389: 4381: 4380: 4376: 4371: 4366: 4365: 4360: 4356: 4351: 4347: 4337: 4333: 4320: 4316: 4311: 4307: 4302: 4298: 4292: 4288: 4282: 4278: 4269: 4265: 4255: 4251: 4246: 4242: 4237: 4233: 4228: 4224: 4214: 4210: 4205: 4201: 4196: 4192: 4187: 4183: 4178: 4174: 4168: 4164: 4159: 4155: 4150: 4146: 4131: 4127: 4110: 4106: 4101: 4089: 4031:Holborn Viaduct 3990:claims adjuster 3940:Maria Germanova 3933: 3908: 3862:computer vision 3847: 3794: 3760: 3746: 3745: 3744: 3743: 3739: 3738: 3737: 3728: 3727: 3726: 3718: 3717: 3706: 3590: 3574: 3491: 3485: 3421: 3409: 3401: 3399:The Netherlands 3334: 3331: 2084: 2076: 2064: 2059: 2053: 1992: 1979: 1909: 1899:The Japan Times 1822: 1798: 1777: 1751: 1681:elevated tracks 1661: 1644: 1627:Stockholm Metro 1577:the Netherlands 1562:Diridon station 1509: 1504: 1484: 1446: 1415: 1398:suicide hotline 1386:level crossings 1336: 1298: 1195: 1144:Special systems 1139: 1105:Inter-city rail 1090:Passenger train 1015: 970:Railway station 947: 946: 903: 874: 873: 869:Hemlock Society 839: 838: 829: 828: 689:Rate by country 684: 683: 674: 673: 659:Suicide tourism 604:Substance abuse 569:Mental disorder 529:Coping planning 519:Autism spectrum 494: 493: 484: 483: 479:Suicide mission 464: 463: 452: 451: 432: 431: 420: 419: 403:Suicidal person 393:Rate by country 373: 372: 361: 360: 219: 218: 206: 205: 196:Suicide attempt 166: 165: 154: 153: 139:Toxic workplace 109:School bullying 99:Religious views 49: 48: 17: 12: 11: 5: 10339: 10329: 10328: 10323: 10306: 10305: 10303: 10302: 10297: 10296: 10295: 10290: 10285: 10280: 10275: 10270: 10260: 10259: 10258: 10251:United Kingdom 10248: 10243: 10238: 10233: 10228: 10223: 10222: 10221: 10211: 10206: 10201: 10196: 10191: 10186: 10181: 10176: 10171: 10166: 10161: 10156: 10151: 10146: 10141: 10140: 10139: 10134: 10124: 10123: 10122: 10112: 10107: 10102: 10101: 10100: 10090: 10085: 10080: 10075: 10070: 10065: 10060: 10055: 10050: 10044: 10042: 10038: 10037: 10035: 10034: 10029: 10024: 10019: 10014: 10013: 10012: 10007: 9997: 9991: 9989: 9985: 9984: 9982: 9981: 9976: 9971: 9966: 9961: 9956: 9951: 9946: 9941: 9936: 9931: 9926: 9921: 9916: 9911: 9909:Caring letters 9906: 9904:Animal suicide 9901: 9895: 9893: 9889: 9888: 9886: 9885: 9884: 9883: 9878: 9868: 9862: 9860: 9854: 9853: 9851: 9850: 9845: 9840: 9834: 9832: 9826: 9825: 9823: 9822: 9817: 9812: 9807: 9802: 9797: 9795:Suicide attack 9792: 9787: 9782: 9777: 9775:Self-sacrifice 9772: 9771: 9770: 9760: 9755: 9750: 9745: 9740: 9735: 9730: 9728:Murder–suicide 9725: 9720: 9719: 9718: 9708: 9703: 9698: 9693: 9688: 9683: 9678: 9673: 9668: 9663: 9662: 9661: 9651: 9650: 9649: 9638: 9636: 9632: 9631: 9629: 9628: 9623: 9618: 9613: 9608: 9603: 9602: 9601: 9591: 9586: 9581: 9576: 9571: 9566: 9561: 9556: 9551: 9546: 9541: 9536: 9531: 9526: 9521: 9516: 9511: 9506: 9501: 9496: 9491: 9485: 9483: 9482:Social aspects 9479: 9478: 9476: 9475: 9470: 9465: 9460: 9455: 9450: 9445: 9444: 9443: 9436:Crisis hotline 9433: 9427: 9425: 9423:Suicide crisis 9419: 9418: 9411: 9410: 9403: 9396: 9388: 9382: 9381: 9367: 9366:External links 9364: 9362: 9361: 9330: 9279: 9255: 9231: 9207: 9182: 9180: 9177: 9174: 9173: 9145: 9117: 9105:RogerEbert.com 9088: 9060: 9029: 8998:Richard Gaines 8986:Fred MacMurray 8977: 8948: 8920: 8892: 8848: 8841: 8817: 8810: 8786: 8759:(1): 385–388. 8739: 8727: 8695: 8683: 8658: 8651: 8621: 8564: 8505: 8493: 8446: 8395: 8346: 8339: 8311: 8299: 8273: 8243: 8231: 8205: 8178: 8130: 8104:(3): 453–457. 8098:Soc. Sci. Med. 8083: 8071: 8043: 8025:(9): 397–406. 8003: 7991: 7979: 7922: 7903: 7874: 7867: 7840: 7833: 7809: 7784:Der Nervenarzt 7774: 7755:(2): 173–178. 7734: 7706: 7692: 7673: 7648: 7631:Safety Science 7621: 7594:(9): 772–779. 7574: 7521: 7509: 7483:(9): 977–984. 7458: 7446: 7415: 7389:(1–2): 94–99. 7365: 7339:(5): 398–406. 7317: 7270: 7255: 7240: 7225: 7204:(3): 291–295. 7182: 7153: 7136: 7105: 7074: 7046: 7035:. Plymouth, UK 7017: 6978: 6949: 6938:. 15 June 2018 6921: 6890: 6879:. 15 June 2018 6861: 6835: 6799: 6785:Südwest Presse 6771: 6746: 6714: 6671: 6657: 6651:. p. 17. 6639:Joiner, Thomas 6630: 6602: 6573: 6562:. October 2016 6544: 6513: 6484:(5): 368–374. 6461: 6413: 6385: 6342: 6316:(2): 137–143. 6295: 6265: 6232:Der Nervenarzt 6218: 6148: 6122:(6): 780–786. 6100: 6061: 6004: 5957: 5904: 5875:(6): 766–781. 5846: 5788: 5762:(2): 232–244. 5738: 5688: 5662:(2): 173–178. 5637: 5579: 5532: 5495: 5435: 5423: 5411: 5382: 5370: 5338:Die Nervenarzt 5321: 5293: 5257: 5217: 5169: 5143:(6): 515–518. 5123: 5076: 5059: 5031: 5005: 4979: 4945: 4919: 4893:(9): 772–779. 4859: 4833:(3): 419–426. 4827:Soc. Sci. Med. 4812: 4805: 4785: 4759:(6): 404–409. 4738: 4711:(3): 609–621. 4691: 4656:(4): 730–733. 4636: 4607: 4581:(3): 466–470. 4548: 4522:(3): 401–407. 4516:Soc. Sci. Med. 4501: 4457: 4431:(1): 121–125. 4399: 4373: 4372: 4370: 4367: 4364: 4363: 4354: 4345: 4331: 4314: 4305: 4296: 4286: 4276: 4263: 4258:David Cavanagh 4249: 4240: 4231: 4222: 4208: 4199: 4190: 4181: 4172: 4162: 4153: 4144: 4125: 4103: 4102: 4100: 4097: 4096: 4095: 4088: 4085: 3957:'s 1878 novel 3932: 3929: 3907: 3904: 3846: 3843: 3793: 3790: 3741: 3740: 3731: 3730: 3729: 3720: 3719: 3711: 3710: 3709: 3708: 3707: 3705: 3702: 3694: 3693: 3690: 3687: 3683: 3598:Werther effect 3589: 3586: 3573: 3570: 3564: 3563: 3560: 3557: 3554: 3551: 3548: 3545: 3541: 3540: 3537: 3534: 3531: 3528: 3525: 3522: 3484: 3481: 3478: 3477: 3474: 3467: 3466: 3463: 3456: 3455: 3452: 3448: 3447: 3444: 3440: 3439: 3437: 3420: 3419:United Kingdom 3417: 3408: 3405: 3400: 3397: 3394: 3393: 3390: 3387: 3384: 3380: 3379: 3376: 3373: 3370: 3366: 3365: 3362: 3359: 3356: 3330: 3327: 3324: 3323: 3320: 3317: 3314: 3311: 3308: 3305: 3302: 3299: 3296: 3293: 3290: 3287: 3284: 3281: 3278: 3275: 3272: 3269: 3266: 3263: 3260: 3257: 3254: 3251: 3248: 3245: 3242: 3235: 3234: 3231: 3228: 3225: 3222: 3219: 3216: 3213: 3210: 3207: 3204: 3201: 3198: 3195: 3192: 3189: 3186: 3183: 3180: 3177: 3174: 3171: 3168: 3165: 3162: 3159: 3156: 3153: 3146: 3145: 3142: 3139: 3136: 3133: 3130: 3127: 3124: 3121: 3118: 3115: 3112: 3109: 3106: 3103: 3100: 3097: 3094: 3091: 3088: 3085: 3082: 3079: 3076: 3073: 3070: 3067: 3064: 3060: 3059: 3056: 3053: 3050: 3047: 3044: 3041: 3038: 3035: 3032: 3029: 3026: 3023: 3020: 3017: 3014: 3011: 3008: 3005: 3002: 2999: 2996: 2993: 2990: 2987: 2984: 2981: 2978: 2974: 2973: 2971: 2969: 2967: 2965: 2963: 2961: 2959: 2957: 2955: 2953: 2951: 2949: 2947: 2945: 2943: 2941: 2939: 2937: 2935: 2933: 2931: 2929: 2927: 2925: 2923: 2921: 2919: 2912: 2911: 2908: 2905: 2902: 2899: 2896: 2893: 2890: 2887: 2884: 2881: 2878: 2875: 2872: 2869: 2866: 2863: 2860: 2857: 2854: 2851: 2848: 2845: 2842: 2839: 2836: 2833: 2830: 2826: 2825: 2822: 2819: 2816: 2813: 2810: 2807: 2804: 2801: 2798: 2795: 2792: 2789: 2786: 2783: 2780: 2777: 2774: 2771: 2768: 2765: 2762: 2759: 2756: 2753: 2750: 2747: 2744: 2740: 2739: 2736: 2733: 2730: 2727: 2724: 2721: 2718: 2715: 2712: 2709: 2706: 2703: 2700: 2697: 2694: 2691: 2688: 2685: 2682: 2679: 2676: 2673: 2670: 2667: 2664: 2661: 2658: 2654: 2653: 2650: 2647: 2644: 2641: 2638: 2635: 2632: 2629: 2626: 2623: 2620: 2617: 2614: 2611: 2608: 2605: 2602: 2599: 2596: 2593: 2590: 2587: 2584: 2581: 2578: 2575: 2572: 2568: 2567: 2564: 2561: 2558: 2555: 2552: 2549: 2546: 2543: 2540: 2537: 2534: 2531: 2528: 2525: 2523: 2520: 2517: 2514: 2511: 2508: 2505: 2502: 2499: 2496: 2493: 2490: 2487: 2483: 2482: 2479: 2476: 2473: 2470: 2467: 2464: 2461: 2458: 2455: 2452: 2449: 2446: 2443: 2440: 2438: 2435: 2432: 2429: 2426: 2423: 2420: 2417: 2414: 2411: 2408: 2405: 2402: 2398: 2397: 2394: 2391: 2388: 2385: 2382: 2379: 2376: 2373: 2370: 2368: 2365: 2362: 2359: 2356: 2354: 2351: 2348: 2345: 2342: 2339: 2336: 2333: 2330: 2327: 2324: 2322: 2319: 2315: 2314: 2311: 2308: 2305: 2302: 2299: 2296: 2293: 2290: 2287: 2285: 2282: 2279: 2276: 2273: 2271: 2268: 2265: 2262: 2259: 2256: 2253: 2250: 2247: 2244: 2241: 2238: 2235: 2231: 2230: 2225: 2220: 2215: 2210: 2205: 2200: 2195: 2190: 2185: 2180: 2175: 2170: 2165: 2160: 2155: 2150: 2145: 2140: 2135: 2130: 2125: 2120: 2115: 2110: 2105: 2100: 2095: 2083: 2080: 2075: 2072: 2063: 2060: 2052: 2049: 1991: 1988: 1978: 1975: 1908: 1905: 1855:Toronto subway 1821: 1818: 1797: 1794: 1785:Federal Police 1776: 1773: 1750: 1747: 1735:platform doors 1719:Montreal Metro 1660: 1657: 1643: 1640: 1615: 1614: 1608: 1598: 1592: 1513:level crossing 1508: 1505: 1503: 1500: 1483: 1480: 1464:joint suicides 1445: 1442: 1431:Émile Durkheim 1414: 1411: 1374:mental illness 1338: 1337: 1335: 1334: 1327: 1320: 1312: 1309: 1308: 1295: 1294: 1293: 1292: 1287: 1265: 1260: 1255: 1250: 1245: 1240: 1235: 1230: 1225: 1220: 1215: 1210: 1202: 1201: 1197: 1196: 1194: 1193: 1188: 1183: 1182: 1181: 1171: 1166: 1161: 1160: 1159: 1146: 1145: 1141: 1140: 1138: 1137: 1132: 1127: 1125:Rail subsidies 1122: 1117: 1112: 1107: 1102: 1097: 1092: 1087: 1082: 1077: 1076: 1075: 1070: 1065: 1055: 1050: 1045: 1044: 1043: 1033: 1025: 1024: 1017: 1016: 1014: 1013: 1012: 1011: 1006: 1001: 999:Variable gauge 991: 990: 989: 979: 978: 977: 967: 962: 954: 953: 952:Infrastructure 949: 948: 945: 944: 939: 933: 930: 929: 921: 920: 918:Rail transport 914: 913: 905: 904: 902: 901: 894: 887: 879: 876: 875: 872: 871: 866: 861: 856: 851: 846: 840: 836: 835: 834: 831: 830: 827: 826: 821: 819:United Kingdom 816: 811: 806: 801: 796: 791: 786: 781: 776: 771: 766: 761: 756: 751: 746: 741: 736: 731: 726: 721: 716: 711: 706: 701: 696: 691: 685: 681: 680: 679: 676: 675: 672: 671: 666: 661: 656: 651: 646: 641: 636: 631: 626: 621: 616: 611: 606: 601: 596: 591: 586: 581: 576: 571: 566: 561: 556: 551: 546: 541: 536: 531: 526: 521: 516: 511: 506: 501: 495: 491: 490: 489: 486: 485: 482: 481: 476: 471: 465: 459: 458: 457: 454: 453: 450: 449: 444: 439: 433: 427: 426: 425: 422: 421: 418: 417: 416: 415: 405: 400: 395: 390: 385: 380: 374: 368: 367: 366: 363: 362: 359: 358: 353: 351:Suicide attack 348: 343: 338: 333: 331:Self-sacrifice 328: 323: 318: 313: 308: 303: 298: 297: 296: 286: 284:Murder–suicide 281: 276: 271: 266: 261: 256: 251: 246: 241: 236: 226: 220: 213: 212: 211: 208: 207: 204: 203: 198: 193: 188: 183: 176:Crisis hotline 173: 167: 161: 160: 159: 156: 155: 152: 151: 146: 141: 136: 134:Social support 131: 126: 121: 116: 111: 106: 101: 96: 91: 86: 81: 76: 71: 66: 61: 56: 50: 47:Social aspects 46: 45: 44: 41: 40: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 10338: 10327: 10324: 10322: 10319: 10318: 10316: 10301: 10298: 10294: 10291: 10289: 10286: 10284: 10281: 10279: 10276: 10274: 10271: 10269: 10266: 10265: 10264: 10263:United States 10261: 10257: 10254: 10253: 10252: 10249: 10247: 10244: 10242: 10239: 10237: 10234: 10232: 10229: 10227: 10224: 10220: 10217: 10216: 10215: 10212: 10210: 10207: 10205: 10202: 10200: 10197: 10195: 10192: 10190: 10187: 10185: 10182: 10180: 10177: 10175: 10172: 10170: 10167: 10165: 10162: 10160: 10157: 10155: 10152: 10150: 10147: 10145: 10142: 10138: 10135: 10133: 10130: 10129: 10128: 10125: 10121: 10118: 10117: 10116: 10113: 10111: 10108: 10106: 10103: 10099: 10096: 10095: 10094: 10091: 10089: 10086: 10084: 10081: 10079: 10076: 10074: 10071: 10069: 10066: 10064: 10061: 10059: 10056: 10054: 10051: 10049: 10046: 10045: 10043: 10039: 10033: 10030: 10028: 10025: 10023: 10020: 10018: 10015: 10011: 10008: 10006: 10003: 10002: 10001: 9998: 9996: 9993: 9992: 9990: 9988:By subculture 9986: 9980: 9977: 9975: 9972: 9970: 9967: 9965: 9962: 9960: 9957: 9955: 9952: 9950: 9947: 9945: 9942: 9940: 9939:Perfectionism 9937: 9935: 9932: 9930: 9927: 9925: 9922: 9920: 9917: 9915: 9912: 9910: 9907: 9905: 9902: 9900: 9897: 9896: 9894: 9890: 9882: 9879: 9877: 9874: 9873: 9872: 9869: 9867: 9864: 9863: 9861: 9859: 9855: 9849: 9846: 9844: 9841: 9839: 9836: 9835: 9833: 9831: 9827: 9821: 9818: 9816: 9813: 9811: 9808: 9806: 9803: 9801: 9798: 9796: 9793: 9791: 9788: 9786: 9783: 9781: 9780:Banzai charge 9778: 9776: 9773: 9769: 9766: 9765: 9764: 9761: 9759: 9756: 9754: 9751: 9749: 9746: 9744: 9743:Sokushinbutsu 9741: 9739: 9736: 9734: 9733:Vatakkiruttal 9731: 9729: 9726: 9724: 9721: 9717: 9714: 9713: 9712: 9709: 9707: 9704: 9702: 9699: 9697: 9694: 9692: 9689: 9687: 9684: 9682: 9679: 9677: 9674: 9672: 9669: 9667: 9664: 9660: 9657: 9656: 9655: 9652: 9648: 9645: 9644: 9643: 9640: 9639: 9637: 9635:Suicide types 9633: 9627: 9624: 9622: 9619: 9617: 9614: 9612: 9609: 9607: 9604: 9600: 9597: 9596: 9595: 9592: 9590: 9589:Social stigma 9587: 9585: 9582: 9580: 9577: 9575: 9572: 9570: 9567: 9565: 9562: 9560: 9557: 9555: 9552: 9550: 9547: 9545: 9542: 9540: 9537: 9535: 9532: 9530: 9527: 9525: 9522: 9520: 9517: 9515: 9512: 9510: 9507: 9505: 9502: 9500: 9497: 9495: 9492: 9490: 9487: 9486: 9484: 9480: 9474: 9473:Warning signs 9471: 9469: 9468:Suicide watch 9466: 9464: 9461: 9459: 9456: 9454: 9451: 9449: 9446: 9442: 9439: 9438: 9437: 9434: 9432: 9429: 9428: 9426: 9424: 9420: 9416: 9409: 9404: 9402: 9397: 9395: 9390: 9389: 9386: 9379: 9374: 9370: 9369: 9351: 9347: 9343: 9336: 9331: 9320: 9316: 9311: 9306: 9302: 9298: 9294: 9291: 9290: 9285: 9280: 9268: 9261: 9256: 9244: 9237: 9232: 9220: 9213: 9208: 9196: 9189: 9184: 9183: 9162: 9161: 9156: 9149: 9134: 9133: 9128: 9121: 9106: 9102: 9098: 9092: 9077: 9076: 9071: 9064: 9049: 9048: 9043: 9039: 9033: 9026: 9013: 9009: 9005: 9004: 8999: 8995: 8991: 8987: 8981: 8966: 8962: 8961:"Paul's Case" 8958: 8957:Cather, Willa 8952: 8937: 8936: 8931: 8924: 8909: 8908: 8903: 8896: 8881: 8877: 8873: 8869: 8865: 8864: 8859: 8852: 8844: 8842:9789811015007 8838: 8834: 8830: 8829: 8821: 8813: 8811:9780198834441 8807: 8803: 8799: 8798: 8790: 8782: 8778: 8774: 8770: 8766: 8762: 8758: 8754: 8750: 8743: 8737:, p. 15. 8736: 8731: 8716: 8712: 8711: 8706: 8699: 8693:, p. 16. 8692: 8687: 8672: 8668: 8662: 8654: 8648: 8644: 8640: 8636: 8632: 8625: 8617: 8613: 8609: 8605: 8600: 8595: 8591: 8587: 8583: 8579: 8575: 8568: 8560: 8556: 8551: 8546: 8542: 8538: 8533: 8532:10.2196/27663 8528: 8525:(5): e27663. 8524: 8520: 8516: 8509: 8502: 8497: 8489: 8485: 8481: 8477: 8473: 8469: 8465: 8461: 8457: 8450: 8442: 8438: 8433: 8428: 8423: 8418: 8415:(7215): 957. 8414: 8410: 8406: 8399: 8391: 8387: 8383: 8379: 8374: 8369: 8365: 8361: 8357: 8350: 8342: 8336: 8331: 8326: 8322: 8315: 8309:, p. 12. 8308: 8303: 8287: 8283: 8277: 8261: 8257: 8253: 8247: 8241:, p. 21. 8240: 8235: 8219: 8215: 8209: 8193: 8189: 8182: 8167: 8163: 8159: 8155: 8151: 8148: 8147: 8142: 8134: 8119: 8115: 8111: 8107: 8103: 8100: 8099: 8094: 8087: 8080: 8075: 8060: 8056: 8050: 8048: 8032: 8028: 8024: 8020: 8019: 8014: 8007: 8000: 7995: 7989:, p. 12. 7988: 7983: 7964: 7960: 7956: 7952: 7948: 7944: 7940: 7933: 7926: 7918: 7914: 7907: 7892:. 21 May 2015 7891: 7887: 7881: 7879: 7870: 7868:9781616764937 7864: 7860: 7856: 7855: 7847: 7845: 7836: 7834:9780198717393 7830: 7826: 7822: 7821: 7813: 7805: 7801: 7797: 7793: 7789: 7785: 7778: 7770: 7766: 7762: 7758: 7754: 7750: 7743: 7741: 7739: 7723: 7719: 7713: 7711: 7695: 7689: 7685: 7684: 7677: 7658: 7652: 7644: 7640: 7636: 7632: 7625: 7617: 7613: 7609: 7605: 7601: 7597: 7593: 7589: 7585: 7578: 7570: 7566: 7561: 7556: 7551: 7546: 7542: 7538: 7537: 7532: 7525: 7519:, p. 22. 7518: 7513: 7498: 7494: 7490: 7486: 7482: 7478: 7477: 7472: 7465: 7463: 7455: 7450: 7435: 7434: 7429: 7422: 7420: 7404: 7400: 7396: 7392: 7388: 7385: 7384: 7379: 7372: 7370: 7354: 7350: 7346: 7342: 7338: 7334: 7333: 7328: 7321: 7306: 7302: 7298: 7294: 7290: 7287: 7286: 7281: 7274: 7267: 7262: 7260: 7252: 7247: 7245: 7238:, p. 14. 7237: 7232: 7230: 7221: 7217: 7212: 7207: 7203: 7199: 7198: 7193: 7186: 7170: 7169: 7164: 7157: 7149: 7148: 7147:Deutsche Bahn 7140: 7125: 7124: 7119: 7112: 7110: 7094: 7093: 7088: 7081: 7079: 7063: 7062: 7057: 7050: 7034: 7033: 7028: 7021: 7006: 7005: 7000: 6993: 6991: 6989: 6987: 6985: 6983: 6966: 6965: 6960: 6953: 6937: 6936: 6931: 6925: 6909: 6908: 6903: 6897: 6895: 6878: 6874: 6868: 6866: 6850: 6846: 6839: 6823: 6822: 6817: 6810: 6808: 6806: 6804: 6787: 6786: 6781: 6775: 6767: 6763: 6762: 6757: 6750: 6735: 6734: 6729: 6723: 6721: 6719: 6702: 6698: 6694: 6690: 6689: 6683: 6675: 6660: 6658:9781479823475 6654: 6650: 6646: 6645: 6640: 6634: 6619: 6618: 6613: 6606: 6590: 6586: 6580: 6578: 6561: 6557: 6551: 6549: 6532: 6526: 6524: 6522: 6520: 6518: 6509: 6505: 6500: 6495: 6491: 6487: 6483: 6479: 6475: 6468: 6466: 6450: 6446: 6442: 6438: 6434: 6430: 6429: 6424: 6417: 6402: 6395: 6389: 6381: 6377: 6373: 6369: 6365: 6361: 6357: 6353: 6346: 6331: 6327: 6323: 6319: 6315: 6312: 6311: 6306: 6299: 6283: 6279: 6272: 6270: 6261: 6257: 6253: 6249: 6245: 6241: 6237: 6234:(in German). 6233: 6229: 6222: 6207: 6203: 6198: 6193: 6189: 6185: 6181: 6177: 6176: 6168: 6161: 6159: 6157: 6155: 6153: 6137: 6133: 6129: 6125: 6121: 6117: 6116: 6111: 6104: 6096: 6092: 6088: 6084: 6080: 6077: 6076: 6068: 6066: 6057: 6053: 6048: 6043: 6038: 6033: 6029: 6025: 6024: 6019: 6011: 6009: 5993: 5989: 5985: 5981: 5977: 5974: 5973: 5968: 5961: 5953: 5949: 5944: 5939: 5934: 5929: 5925: 5921: 5920: 5915: 5908: 5900: 5896: 5891: 5886: 5882: 5878: 5874: 5870: 5869: 5864: 5857: 5855: 5853: 5851: 5842: 5838: 5833: 5828: 5823: 5818: 5814: 5810: 5809: 5804: 5797: 5795: 5793: 5777: 5773: 5769: 5765: 5761: 5758: 5757: 5752: 5745: 5743: 5727: 5723: 5719: 5715: 5711: 5708: 5707: 5702: 5695: 5693: 5677: 5673: 5669: 5665: 5661: 5657: 5656: 5651: 5644: 5642: 5633: 5629: 5624: 5619: 5615: 5611: 5607: 5603: 5600:(3): 160711. 5599: 5596: 5595: 5590: 5583: 5568: 5564: 5560: 5556: 5552: 5549: 5548: 5543: 5536: 5521: 5520: 5515: 5508: 5506: 5504: 5502: 5500: 5491: 5487: 5482: 5477: 5472: 5467: 5463: 5459: 5455: 5454: 5449: 5442: 5440: 5433:, p. 16. 5432: 5427: 5420: 5415: 5407: 5400: 5399: 5391: 5389: 5387: 5379: 5374: 5359: 5355: 5351: 5347: 5343: 5340:(in German). 5339: 5335: 5328: 5326: 5309: 5308: 5303: 5297: 5281: 5280: 5275: 5268: 5266: 5264: 5262: 5246: 5242: 5238: 5231: 5224: 5222: 5205: 5201: 5200: 5195: 5188: 5186: 5184: 5182: 5180: 5178: 5176: 5174: 5158: 5154: 5150: 5146: 5142: 5138: 5134: 5127: 5119: 5115: 5110: 5105: 5101: 5098: 5097: 5092: 5085: 5083: 5081: 5074:, p. 18. 5073: 5068: 5066: 5064: 5047: 5046: 5041: 5035: 5019: 5015: 5009: 4993: 4989: 4983: 4967: 4966:era.europa.eu 4960: 4954: 4952: 4950: 4933: 4929: 4923: 4908: 4904: 4900: 4896: 4892: 4889: 4888: 4883: 4876: 4874: 4872: 4870: 4868: 4866: 4864: 4848: 4844: 4840: 4836: 4832: 4829: 4828: 4823: 4816: 4808: 4806:9781780573939 4802: 4798: 4797: 4789: 4774: 4770: 4766: 4762: 4758: 4755: 4754: 4749: 4742: 4734: 4730: 4726: 4722: 4718: 4714: 4710: 4706: 4702: 4695: 4687: 4683: 4679: 4675: 4671: 4667: 4663: 4659: 4655: 4651: 4647: 4640: 4633:(3): 246–248. 4632: 4628: 4621: 4614: 4612: 4596: 4592: 4588: 4584: 4580: 4577: 4576: 4568: 4561: 4559: 4557: 4555: 4553: 4537: 4533: 4529: 4525: 4521: 4518: 4517: 4512: 4505: 4497: 4493: 4489: 4485: 4481: 4477: 4470: 4468: 4466: 4464: 4462: 4446: 4442: 4438: 4434: 4430: 4427: 4426: 4421: 4414: 4412: 4410: 4408: 4406: 4404: 4388: 4384: 4378: 4374: 4358: 4349: 4342: 4335: 4328: 4324: 4318: 4309: 4300: 4290: 4284:consequences. 4280: 4273: 4267: 4259: 4253: 4244: 4235: 4226: 4219: 4212: 4203: 4194: 4185: 4176: 4166: 4157: 4148: 4141: 4140:Robert Minton 4137: 4136: 4129: 4122: 4118: 4114: 4108: 4104: 4094: 4093:Train surfing 4091: 4090: 4084: 4082: 4077: 4075: 4074: 4068: 4067: 4062: 4061: 4056: 4051: 4049: 4048:Three and Out 4044: 4041: 4037: 4032: 4027: 4023: 4022: 4021:Three and Out 4016: 4014: 4010: 4009: 4003: 4001: 4000: 3994: 3991: 3987: 3986: 3980: 3978: 3974: 3970: 3966: 3962: 3961: 3960:Anna Karenina 3956: 3949: 3948:Anna Karenina 3945: 3941: 3937: 3928: 3926: 3922: 3912: 3903: 3901: 3897: 3893: 3888: 3886: 3882: 3877: 3875: 3871: 3867: 3863: 3859: 3851: 3842: 3839: 3838:rights-of-way 3834: 3827: 3822: 3818: 3815: 3811: 3807: 3798: 3789: 3787: 3786:Mountain View 3783: 3778: 3775: 3770: 3764: 3759: 3754: 3751: 3735: 3724: 3715: 3701: 3697: 3691: 3688: 3684: 3680: 3679: 3678: 3676: 3671: 3666: 3664: 3661:, observed a 3660: 3656: 3652: 3647: 3646: 3636: 3632: 3629: 3625: 3621: 3617: 3612: 3610: 3606: 3605:Vienna U-Bahn 3601: 3599: 3595: 3585: 3581: 3579: 3569: 3561: 3558: 3555: 3552: 3549: 3546: 3543: 3542: 3538: 3535: 3532: 3529: 3526: 3523: 3521: 3520: 3514: 3512: 3508: 3504: 3499: 3497: 3490: 3483:United States 3475: 3472: 3469: 3468: 3464: 3461: 3458: 3457: 3453: 3450: 3449: 3445: 3443:Rail suicides 3442: 3441: 3438: 3435: 3432: 3431: 3428: 3426: 3416: 3414: 3404: 3391: 3388: 3385: 3382: 3381: 3377: 3374: 3371: 3368: 3367: 3363: 3360: 3357: 3354: 3353: 3347: 3345: 3341: 3337: 3321: 3318: 3315: 3312: 3309: 3306: 3303: 3300: 3297: 3294: 3291: 3288: 3285: 3282: 3279: 3276: 3273: 3270: 3267: 3264: 3261: 3258: 3255: 3252: 3249: 3246: 3243: 3240: 3237: 3236: 3232: 3229: 3226: 3223: 3220: 3217: 3214: 3211: 3208: 3205: 3202: 3199: 3196: 3193: 3190: 3187: 3184: 3181: 3178: 3175: 3172: 3169: 3166: 3163: 3160: 3157: 3154: 3151: 3148: 3147: 3143: 3140: 3137: 3134: 3131: 3128: 3125: 3122: 3119: 3116: 3113: 3110: 3107: 3104: 3101: 3098: 3095: 3092: 3089: 3086: 3083: 3080: 3077: 3074: 3071: 3068: 3065: 3062: 3061: 3057: 3054: 3051: 3048: 3045: 3042: 3039: 3036: 3033: 3030: 3027: 3024: 3021: 3018: 3015: 3012: 3009: 3006: 3003: 3000: 2997: 2994: 2991: 2988: 2985: 2982: 2979: 2977:Rail suicides 2976: 2975: 2972: 2970: 2968: 2966: 2964: 2962: 2960: 2958: 2956: 2954: 2952: 2950: 2948: 2946: 2944: 2942: 2940: 2938: 2936: 2934: 2932: 2930: 2928: 2926: 2924: 2922: 2920: 2918:data for 2021 2917: 2914: 2913: 2909: 2906: 2903: 2900: 2897: 2894: 2891: 2888: 2885: 2882: 2879: 2876: 2873: 2870: 2867: 2864: 2861: 2858: 2855: 2852: 2849: 2846: 2843: 2840: 2837: 2834: 2831: 2828: 2827: 2823: 2820: 2817: 2814: 2811: 2808: 2805: 2802: 2799: 2796: 2793: 2790: 2787: 2784: 2781: 2778: 2775: 2772: 2769: 2766: 2763: 2760: 2757: 2754: 2751: 2748: 2745: 2742: 2741: 2737: 2734: 2731: 2728: 2725: 2722: 2719: 2716: 2713: 2710: 2707: 2704: 2701: 2698: 2695: 2692: 2689: 2686: 2683: 2680: 2677: 2674: 2671: 2668: 2665: 2662: 2659: 2656: 2655: 2651: 2648: 2645: 2642: 2639: 2636: 2633: 2630: 2627: 2624: 2621: 2618: 2615: 2612: 2609: 2606: 2603: 2600: 2597: 2594: 2591: 2588: 2585: 2582: 2579: 2576: 2573: 2570: 2569: 2565: 2562: 2559: 2556: 2553: 2550: 2547: 2544: 2541: 2538: 2535: 2532: 2529: 2526: 2524: 2521: 2518: 2515: 2512: 2509: 2506: 2503: 2500: 2497: 2494: 2491: 2488: 2485: 2484: 2480: 2477: 2474: 2471: 2468: 2465: 2462: 2459: 2456: 2453: 2450: 2447: 2444: 2441: 2439: 2436: 2433: 2430: 2427: 2424: 2421: 2418: 2415: 2412: 2409: 2406: 2403: 2400: 2399: 2395: 2392: 2389: 2386: 2383: 2380: 2377: 2374: 2371: 2369: 2366: 2363: 2360: 2357: 2355: 2352: 2349: 2346: 2343: 2340: 2337: 2334: 2331: 2328: 2325: 2323: 2320: 2317: 2316: 2312: 2309: 2306: 2303: 2300: 2297: 2294: 2291: 2288: 2286: 2283: 2280: 2277: 2274: 2272: 2269: 2266: 2263: 2260: 2257: 2254: 2251: 2248: 2245: 2242: 2239: 2236: 2233: 2232: 2229: 2226: 2224: 2221: 2219: 2216: 2214: 2211: 2209: 2206: 2204: 2201: 2199: 2196: 2194: 2191: 2189: 2186: 2184: 2181: 2179: 2176: 2174: 2171: 2169: 2166: 2164: 2161: 2159: 2156: 2154: 2151: 2149: 2146: 2144: 2141: 2139: 2136: 2134: 2131: 2129: 2126: 2124: 2121: 2119: 2116: 2114: 2111: 2109: 2106: 2104: 2101: 2099: 2096: 2094: 2091: 2090: 2087: 2079: 2071: 2069: 2058: 2048: 2044: 2042: 2038: 2033: 2030: 2029:suicide there 2026: 2020: 2018: 2017:alcohol abuse 2014: 2008: 2004: 2001: 1997: 1987: 1985: 1974: 1970: 1966: 1965:Deutsche Bahn 1960: 1954: 1952: 1947: 1944: 1940: 1935: 1933: 1928: 1926: 1923: 1913: 1904: 1901: 1900: 1895: 1889: 1887: 1883: 1879: 1875: 1871: 1867: 1863: 1858: 1856: 1850: 1848: 1844: 1840: 1839:haemorrhaging 1831: 1826: 1817: 1813: 1808: 1805: 1802: 1793: 1791: 1786: 1781: 1772: 1768: 1765: 1759: 1755: 1749:Time patterns 1746: 1744: 1740: 1736: 1726: 1722: 1720: 1714: 1711: 1705: 1703: 1699: 1698:electrocution 1695: 1694:Kolkata metro 1689: 1686: 1682: 1674: 1670: 1665: 1656: 1652: 1650: 1649:Deutsche Bahn 1639: 1637: 1636:West Flanders 1633: 1628: 1623: 1619: 1612: 1609: 1606: 1602: 1599: 1596: 1593: 1590: 1589: 1588: 1586: 1580: 1578: 1573: 1569: 1567: 1563: 1559: 1554: 1550: 1546: 1541: 1538: 1534: 1530: 1526: 1522: 1518: 1514: 1499: 1497: 1493: 1489: 1479: 1476: 1473: 1467: 1465: 1461: 1457: 1452: 1441: 1438: 1437: 1432: 1428: 1424: 1420: 1410: 1408: 1404: 1399: 1395: 1389: 1387: 1383: 1379: 1375: 1370: 1368: 1364: 1363:Train drivers 1358: 1356: 1355:electrocution 1352: 1348: 1344: 1333: 1328: 1326: 1321: 1319: 1314: 1313: 1311: 1310: 1307: 1302: 1297: 1296: 1291: 1288: 1285: 1281: 1277: 1273: 1269: 1266: 1264: 1261: 1259: 1256: 1254: 1251: 1249: 1246: 1244: 1241: 1239: 1236: 1234: 1231: 1229: 1226: 1224: 1221: 1219: 1216: 1214: 1211: 1209: 1206: 1205: 1204: 1203: 1199: 1198: 1192: 1189: 1187: 1184: 1180: 1177: 1176: 1175: 1174:Rapid transit 1172: 1170: 1167: 1165: 1162: 1158: 1155: 1154: 1153: 1150: 1149: 1148: 1147: 1143: 1142: 1136: 1133: 1131: 1128: 1126: 1123: 1121: 1118: 1116: 1113: 1111: 1108: 1106: 1103: 1101: 1100:Regional rail 1098: 1096: 1095:Commuter rail 1093: 1091: 1088: 1086: 1085:Bogie (truck) 1083: 1081: 1078: 1074: 1073:Dual coupling 1071: 1069: 1066: 1064: 1061: 1060: 1059: 1056: 1054: 1053:Railroad cars 1051: 1049: 1046: 1042: 1039: 1038: 1037: 1034: 1032: 1029: 1028: 1027: 1026: 1023: 1022:rolling stock 1019: 1018: 1010: 1007: 1005: 1002: 1000: 997: 996: 995: 992: 988: 985: 984: 983: 982:Railway track 980: 976: 973: 972: 971: 968: 966: 963: 961: 958: 957: 956: 955: 951: 950: 943: 942:Company types 940: 938: 935: 934: 932: 931: 927: 923: 922: 919: 916: 915: 911: 910: 900: 895: 893: 888: 886: 881: 880: 878: 877: 870: 867: 865: 862: 860: 857: 855: 852: 850: 847: 845: 842: 841: 837:Organizations 833: 832: 825: 824:United States 822: 820: 817: 815: 812: 810: 807: 805: 802: 800: 797: 795: 792: 790: 787: 785: 782: 780: 777: 775: 772: 770: 767: 765: 762: 760: 757: 755: 752: 750: 747: 745: 742: 740: 737: 735: 732: 730: 727: 725: 722: 720: 717: 715: 712: 710: 707: 705: 702: 700: 697: 695: 692: 690: 687: 686: 678: 677: 670: 667: 665: 662: 660: 657: 655: 652: 650: 647: 645: 642: 640: 637: 635: 632: 630: 627: 625: 622: 620: 617: 615: 612: 610: 607: 605: 602: 600: 597: 595: 592: 590: 589:Schizophrenia 587: 585: 584:Perfectionism 582: 580: 577: 575: 572: 570: 567: 565: 562: 560: 557: 555: 552: 550: 547: 545: 542: 540: 537: 535: 532: 530: 527: 525: 522: 520: 517: 515: 512: 510: 507: 505: 502: 500: 497: 496: 488: 487: 480: 477: 475: 472: 470: 469:Banzai charge 467: 466: 462: 456: 455: 448: 445: 443: 440: 438: 435: 434: 430: 424: 423: 414: 411: 410: 409: 408:Youth suicide 406: 404: 401: 399: 396: 394: 391: 389: 386: 384: 381: 379: 376: 375: 371: 365: 364: 357: 356:Vatakkiruttal 354: 352: 349: 347: 346:Sokushinbutsu 344: 342: 339: 337: 334: 332: 329: 327: 324: 322: 319: 317: 314: 312: 309: 307: 304: 302: 299: 295: 292: 291: 290: 287: 285: 282: 280: 277: 275: 272: 270: 267: 265: 262: 260: 257: 255: 252: 250: 247: 245: 242: 240: 237: 234: 230: 227: 225: 222: 221: 217: 210: 209: 202: 201:Suicide watch 199: 197: 194: 192: 189: 187: 184: 181: 177: 174: 172: 169: 168: 164: 158: 157: 150: 147: 145: 142: 140: 137: 135: 132: 130: 127: 125: 122: 120: 117: 115: 112: 110: 107: 105: 102: 100: 97: 95: 92: 90: 87: 85: 82: 80: 77: 75: 72: 70: 67: 65: 62: 60: 57: 55: 52: 51: 43: 42: 39: 36: 35: 29: 25: 21: 10204:Saudi Arabia 9969:Suicide note 9929:Echo chamber 9830:Epidemiology 9815:Suicide pill 9762: 9564:Right to die 9353:. Retrieved 9322:. Retrieved 9310:11343/129526 9292: 9287: 9271:. Retrieved 9247:. Retrieved 9223:. Retrieved 9199:. Retrieved 9164:. Retrieved 9158: 9148: 9136:. Retrieved 9130: 9120: 9108:. Retrieved 9104: 9097:Ebert, Roger 9091: 9079:. Retrieved 9075:The Guardian 9073: 9063: 9051:. Retrieved 9045: 9032: 9023: 9016:. Retrieved 9002: 8980: 8968:. Retrieved 8959:(May 1905). 8951: 8939:. Retrieved 8933: 8923: 8911:. Retrieved 8907:The Guardian 8905: 8895: 8883:. Retrieved 8861: 8851: 8827: 8820: 8796: 8789: 8756: 8752: 8742: 8730: 8718:. Retrieved 8710:Sun Sentinel 8708: 8698: 8686: 8674:. Retrieved 8670: 8661: 8634: 8624: 8581: 8577: 8567: 8522: 8518: 8508: 8503:, p. 7. 8496: 8463: 8459: 8449: 8412: 8408: 8398: 8363: 8359: 8349: 8320: 8314: 8302: 8290:. Retrieved 8285: 8276: 8264:. Retrieved 8260:the original 8255: 8246: 8234: 8222:. Retrieved 8208: 8196:. Retrieved 8181: 8169:. Retrieved 8149: 8144: 8133: 8121:. Retrieved 8101: 8096: 8086: 8074: 8062:. Retrieved 8058: 8034:. 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