141:
252:
67:
380:
2595:
25:
122:
160:
The composition and design of ramparts varied from the simple mounds of earth and stone, known as dump ramparts, to more complex earth and timber defences (box ramparts and timberlaced ramparts), as well as ramparts with stone revetments. One particular type, common in
Central Europe, used earth,
533:
As well as the immediate archaeological significance of such ramparts in indicating the development of military tactics and technology, these sites often enclose areas of historical significance that point to the local conditions at the time the fortress was built.
405:
in
Scotland which was built in 1460. In the first half of the 16th century, the solid masonry walls began to be replaced by earthen banks, sometimes faced with stone, which were better able to withstand the impact of shot; the earth being obtained from the
1989:
350:: a pathway along the top of the rampart but behind the parapet, which served as a fighting platform and a means of communication with other parts of the fortification.
508:: a vaulted chamber built inside the rampart for protected accommodation or storage, but sometimes pierced by an embrasure at the front for a gun to fire through.
46:
263:
department of France. Originally constructed in the 4th century AD by the Romans, they were largely rebuilt in 1240 and heavily restored in the 19th century
410:
which was dug in front of the rampart. At the same time, the plan or "trace" of these ramparts began to be formed into angular projections called
2620:
424:
because
Italian engineers had been at the forefront of its development, although it was later perfected in northern Europe by engineers such as
338:: a narrow opening in a parapet or in the main body of the rampart, allowing defenders to shoot out without exposing themselves to the enemy.
33:
370:: a timber gallery built on top of the rampart and projecting forward from the parapet, to give the defenders a better field of fire.
702:
448:: the back of the rampart on the inside of the fortification; sometimes retained with a masonry wall but usually a grassy slope.
1805:
644:
621:
600:
571:
271:, there was a return to the widespread use of earthwork ramparts which lasted well into the 11th century, an example is the
2399:
2094:
401:, castle ramparts began to be built with much thicker walling and a lower profile, one of earliest examples first being
543:
2214:
1999:
429:
268:
524:): a small turret projecting from the parapet, intended to give a good view to a sentry while remaining protected.
496:: an earthen embankment, the same height as the parapet, built across the terreplein to prevent it being swept by
362:, the floor of which was pierced with openings so that missiles and hot liquids could be thrown down on attackers.
2424:
235:
to protect them from the missiles thrown by attackers. Well known examples of classical stone ramparts include
227:, societies became sophisticated enough to create tall ramparts of stone or brick, provided with a platform or
462:: a continuous step built onto the interior of the parapet, enabling the defenders to shoot over the top with
2625:
140:
2630:
1647:
1185:
695:
286:
times, ramparts continued to form part of the defences, but now they tended to consist of thick walls with
1984:
1065:
1580:
2029:
1654:
2526:
1604:
634:
2573:
2348:
2054:
2049:
1969:
1766:
1713:
1683:
1440:
1370:
1314:
688:
275:
240:
212:
90:
38:
2598:
2414:
2004:
1901:
1786:
970:
297:
Elements of a rampart in a stone castle or town wall from the 11th to 15th centuries included:
435:
Elements of a rampart in an artillery fortification from the 16th to 19th centuries included:
256:
2551:
2389:
2171:
1924:
1661:
1484:
813:
407:
294:, however, continued to make use of earth ramparts due to their relatively temporary nature.
251:
188:
2536:
2064:
1690:
1489:
1455:
855:
737:
8:
2353:
2089:
1445:
823:
384:
163:
145:
2475:
2084:
2059:
2044:
2039:
1889:
1869:
1666:
1227:
1094:
838:
425:
402:
203:
all made use of ditch and rampart defences, and they are the characteristic feature of
171:
were composed of stone that was subsequently fired, possibly to increase its strength.
109:
or other fortified site. It is usually broad-topped and made of excavated earth and/or
312:: rectangular gaps or indentations at intervals in the parapet, the gaps being called
2531:
2490:
2465:
2338:
2019:
1859:
1706:
1292:
1170:
848:
791:
640:
617:
596:
567:
366:
236:
184:
168:
2505:
2480:
2409:
2333:
1934:
1929:
1864:
1415:
1219:
798:
204:
106:
16:
Defensive bank or wall surrounding a fortified site, such as a castle or settlement
66:
2394:
2246:
2219:
2159:
2129:
2014:
1979:
1959:
1944:
1499:
1494:
1462:
1223:
1165:
1153:
1135:
1002:
983:
909:
886:
420:
389:
342:
474:: a raised platform for one or more guns enabling them to fire over the parapet.
2563:
2558:
2224:
2209:
2144:
2134:
2009:
1994:
1894:
1884:
1849:
1723:
1516:
1213:
1180:
1144:
960:
818:
782:
379:
126:
2614:
2568:
2521:
2429:
2419:
2373:
2343:
2328:
2297:
2278:
2139:
2079:
2034:
1949:
1908:
1718:
1351:
1346:
1079:
1042:
1027:
978:
923:
902:
711:
354:
224:
82:
490:: the top surface or "fighting platform" of the rampart, behind the parapet.
2546:
2404:
2368:
2323:
2307:
2235:
2188:
2164:
2154:
2149:
1964:
1781:
1642:
1609:
1474:
1410:
1385:
1297:
1271:
1239:
1233:
1175:
1114:
1084:
932:
283:
71:
2445:
2302:
2271:
2253:
2241:
2183:
2178:
2119:
2114:
2074:
1974:
1939:
1835:
1738:
1509:
1479:
1469:
1375:
1264:
881:
828:
287:
279:
1072:
432:
and was the dominant style of fortification until the mid-19th century.
317:
2470:
2290:
2262:
2193:
2069:
2024:
1954:
1874:
1771:
1676:
1616:
1575:
1553:
1504:
1450:
1400:
1395:
1380:
1339:
1287:
1245:
1190:
1032:
948:
486:
313:
291:
180:
153:
2450:
995:
207:. The ramparts could be reinforced and raised in height by the use of
1879:
1810:
1637:
1632:
1565:
1206:
1119:
1049:
1007:
833:
803:
764:
730:
478:
463:
458:
454:(or breastwork) which protected and concealed the defending soldiers.
415:
398:
334:
228:
130:
2363:
2358:
2283:
2124:
1842:
1817:
1800:
1730:
1671:
1599:
1592:
1435:
1323:
1197:
1017:
1012:
988:
916:
896:
876:
843:
512:
504:
497:
470:
328:
208:
200:
196:
192:
102:
74:
2495:
2460:
2455:
1793:
1776:
1761:
1745:
1697:
1625:
1570:
1560:
1528:
1430:
1405:
1390:
1160:
1104:
1022:
869:
862:
808:
680:
636:
The Grove
Encyclopedia of Medieval Art and Architecture: Volume 1
595:, 2nd ed., Oxford University Press, Oxford and New York, p. 376.
442:: the front face of the rampart, often faced with stone or brick.
411:
302:
272:
232:
191:
to defend the outer perimeter of a fortified site or settlement.
149:
134:
110:
24:
2500:
1854:
1420:
1358:
1302:
1280:
1257:
1250:
1126:
1109:
941:
773:
755:
725:
359:
321:
187:, employed earth ramparts usually in combination with external
98:
2541:
2485:
2229:
1754:
1585:
1425:
746:
614:
Oxford
Dictionary of Architecture and Landscape Architecture
306:: a low wall on top of the rampart to shelter the defenders.
1523:
1365:
1332:
1307:
1099:
1089:
1058:
1037:
260:
121:
94:
414:
which allowed the guns mounted on them to create zones of
482:: an opening in the parapet for guns to fire through.
215:of northern Europe in the early medieval period.
2612:
211:. This type of arrangement was a feature of the
952:
1514:
1460:
1278:
1124:
528:
320:, and the intervening high parts being called
231:for the defenders to hurl missiles from and a
2169:
1899:
1728:
1704:
1321:
1312:
1269:
993:
789:
780:
696:
616:, 2nd ed., OUP, Oxford and New York, p. 622.
2288:
2269:
2260:
2251:
1840:
1815:
1791:
1752:
1743:
1695:
1681:
1652:
1623:
1614:
1590:
1551:
1356:
1337:
1255:
1204:
1195:
1151:
1142:
1133:
1070:
1056:
1047:
930:
907:
97:forming part of the defensive boundary of a
939:
921:
867:
853:
771:
762:
753:
744:
735:
566:, Sutton Publishing, Stroud, 2003, p. 241.
374:
218:
703:
689:
418:. This bastion system became known as the
278:. As castle technology evolved during the
246:
587:
585:
583:
581:
579:
383:The rampart of the artillery fortress at
358:: an overhanging projection supported by
627:
593:Oxford Concise Dictionary of Archaeology
378:
250:
179:Many types of early fortification, from
139:
125:Earth ditch and rampart defences on the
120:
65:
49:of all important aspects of the article.
174:
2621:Fortification (architectural elements)
2613:
576:
45:Please consider expanding the lead to
684:
556:
18:
2095:Weapons Storage and Security System
397:In response to the introduction of
387:in Italy, which was rebuilt in the
13:
710:
544:List of established military terms
14:
2642:
161:stone and timber posts to form a
2594:
2593:
633:Hourihane, Colum (editor) 2012,
269:fall of the Western Roman Empire
23:
564:The Sutton Companion to Castles
37:may be too short to adequately
668:
659:
650:
606:
47:provide an accessible overview
1:
1990:British "hedgehog" road block
549:
70:The multiple ramparts of the
612:Curl, James Stevens (2006).
7:
2400:Cities with defensive walls
1985:Defensive fighting position
1900:
1705:
1515:
1461:
1322:
1313:
1279:
1270:
1125:
639:, Oxford University Press,
537:
529:Archaeological significance
10:
2647:
2584:
2514:
2438:
2382:
2316:
2202:
2107:
2030:Hardened aircraft shelter
2005:Entry control point (ECP)
1917:
1828:
1544:
1537:
969:
718:
591:Darvill, Timothy (2008).
2527:Continuity of government
375:Artillery fortifications
219:Classical fortifications
116:
2349:Motte-and-bailey castle
2055:Missile launch facility
2050:Main line of resistance
745:
562:Friar, Stephen (2003).
276:motte and bailey castle
247:Medieval fortifications
241:Walls of Constantinople
213:motte and bailey castle
2425:Military installations
2289:
2270:
2261:
2252:
2170:
1841:
1816:
1792:
1782:Scarp and Counterscarp
1753:
1744:
1729:
1696:
1682:
1653:
1624:
1615:
1591:
1552:
1357:
1338:
1256:
1205:
1196:
1152:
1143:
1134:
1071:
1057:
1048:
994:
953:
940:
931:
922:
908:
868:
854:
790:
781:
772:
763:
754:
736:
394:
264:
157:
137:
78:
2194:Floating water castle
1925:Admiralty scaffolding
1218:Fortified buildings (
382:
254:
167:or "post-slot wall".
143:
124:
69:
2626:Engineering barrages
2537:Subterranean warfare
1490:Viking ring fortress
175:Early fortifications
2631:Castle architecture
2354:Quadrangular castle
2090:Weapon storage area
1446:Quadrangular castle
385:Peschiera del Garda
257:Cité de Carcassonne
255:The rampart of the
164:Pfostenschlitzmauer
146:pfostenschlitzmauer
2085:Underground hangar
1870:Fire control tower
1667:Gunpowder magazine
1095:Butter-churn tower
403:Ravenscraig Castle
395:
265:
169:Vitrified ramparts
158:
138:
79:
2608:
2607:
2532:Military urbanism
2466:Fortified gateway
2339:Concentric castle
2103:
2102:
2020:Fire support base
1860:Coastal artillery
1735:(Spanish America)
1329:
1171:Concentric castle
645:978-0-19-539536-5
622:978-0-19-860678-9
601:978-0-19-953404-3
572:978-0-7509-3994-2
416:interlocking fire
205:circular ramparts
185:Early Middle Ages
64:
63:
2638:
2597:
2596:
2590:
2481:National redoubt
2410:Fortified estate
2334:Circular rampart
2294:
2275:
2266:
2257:
2175:
1935:Anti-tank trench
1930:Air raid shelter
1905:
1865:Disappearing gun
1846:
1821:
1797:
1758:
1749:
1734:
1710:
1701:
1687:
1658:
1629:
1620:
1596:
1557:
1542:
1541:
1520:
1500:Bailey (or ward)
1466:
1371:Motte-and-bailey
1362:
1343:
1327:
1319:
1318:
1284:
1275:
1261:
1210:
1201:
1157:
1148:
1139:
1130:
1076:
1062:
1053:
999:
956:
945:
936:
927:
913:
873:
859:
799:Circular rampart
795:
786:
777:
768:
759:
750:
741:
705:
698:
691:
682:
681:
675:
672:
666:
663:
657:
654:
648:
631:
625:
610:
604:
589:
574:
560:
152:at Finsterlohr,
85:architecture, a
77:in Herefordshire
59:
56:
50:
27:
19:
2646:
2645:
2641:
2640:
2639:
2637:
2636:
2635:
2611:
2610:
2609:
2604:
2588:
2580:
2510:
2434:
2378:
2312:
2247:Imperial castle
2220:Coercion castle
2215:Coastal defence
2198:
2160:Promontory fort
2130:Hillside castle
2099:
2015:Fallout shelter
1980:Concertina wire
1960:Border security
1913:
1824:
1533:
1166:Coercion castle
1154:Cheval de frise
1136:Chemin de ronde
984:Albarrana tower
965:
910:Schwedenschanze
887:Promontory fort
714:
709:
679:
678:
674:Hogg, pp. 55-58
673:
669:
665:Hogg, pp. 39-40
664:
660:
656:Hogg, pp. 28-31
655:
651:
632:
628:
611:
607:
590:
577:
561:
557:
552:
540:
531:
421:trace italienne
390:trace italienne
377:
343:Chemin de ronde
249:
221:
199:or "raths" and
183:through to the
177:
119:
89:is a length of
60:
54:
51:
44:
32:This article's
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2644:
2634:
2633:
2628:
2623:
2606:
2605:
2603:
2602:
2585:
2582:
2581:
2579:
2578:
2577:
2576:
2566:
2564:Trench warfare
2561:
2559:Tunnel warfare
2556:
2555:
2554:
2544:
2539:
2534:
2529:
2524:
2518:
2516:
2512:
2511:
2509:
2508:
2503:
2498:
2493:
2488:
2483:
2478:
2473:
2468:
2463:
2458:
2453:
2448:
2442:
2440:
2436:
2435:
2433:
2432:
2427:
2422:
2417:
2415:Fortifications
2412:
2407:
2402:
2397:
2392:
2386:
2384:
2380:
2379:
2377:
2376:
2371:
2366:
2361:
2356:
2351:
2346:
2341:
2336:
2331:
2326:
2320:
2318:
2314:
2313:
2311:
2310:
2305:
2300:
2295:
2286:
2281:
2276:
2267:
2258:
2249:
2244:
2239:
2232:
2227:
2225:Counter-castle
2222:
2217:
2212:
2210:Border barrier
2206:
2204:
2200:
2199:
2197:
2196:
2191:
2186:
2181:
2176:
2167:
2162:
2157:
2152:
2147:
2145:Lowland castle
2142:
2137:
2135:Hilltop castle
2132:
2127:
2122:
2117:
2111:
2109:
2105:
2104:
2101:
2100:
2098:
2097:
2092:
2087:
2082:
2077:
2072:
2067:
2062:
2057:
2052:
2047:
2042:
2037:
2032:
2027:
2022:
2017:
2012:
2010:Electric fence
2007:
2002:
2000:Dragon's teeth
1997:
1995:Czech hedgehog
1992:
1987:
1982:
1977:
1972:
1967:
1962:
1957:
1952:
1947:
1942:
1937:
1932:
1927:
1921:
1919:
1915:
1914:
1912:
1911:
1909:Wire obstacles
1906:
1897:
1895:Polygonal fort
1892:
1887:
1885:Martello tower
1882:
1877:
1872:
1867:
1862:
1857:
1852:
1850:Border outpost
1847:
1838:
1832:
1830:
1826:
1825:
1823:
1822:
1813:
1808:
1803:
1798:
1789:
1784:
1779:
1774:
1769:
1764:
1759:
1750:
1741:
1736:
1726:
1724:Polygonal fort
1721:
1716:
1711:
1702:
1693:
1688:
1679:
1674:
1669:
1664:
1659:
1650:
1645:
1640:
1635:
1630:
1621:
1612:
1607:
1602:
1597:
1588:
1583:
1578:
1573:
1568:
1563:
1558:
1548:
1546:
1539:
1535:
1534:
1532:
1531:
1526:
1521:
1512:
1507:
1502:
1497:
1492:
1487:
1482:
1477:
1472:
1467:
1458:
1453:
1448:
1443:
1438:
1433:
1428:
1423:
1418:
1413:
1408:
1403:
1398:
1393:
1388:
1383:
1378:
1373:
1368:
1363:
1354:
1349:
1344:
1335:
1330:
1310:
1305:
1300:
1295:
1290:
1285:
1276:
1267:
1262:
1253:
1248:
1243:
1236:
1231:
1216:
1214:Flanking tower
1211:
1202:
1193:
1188:
1183:
1181:Counter-castle
1178:
1173:
1168:
1163:
1158:
1149:
1140:
1131:
1122:
1117:
1112:
1107:
1102:
1097:
1092:
1087:
1082:
1077:
1068:
1063:
1054:
1045:
1040:
1035:
1030:
1025:
1020:
1015:
1010:
1005:
1000:
991:
986:
981:
975:
973:
971:Post-classical
967:
966:
964:
963:
961:Vitrified fort
958:
946:
937:
928:
919:
914:
905:
900:
894:
889:
884:
879:
874:
865:
860:
851:
846:
841:
836:
831:
826:
821:
819:Defensive wall
816:
811:
806:
801:
796:
787:
778:
769:
760:
751:
742:
733:
728:
722:
720:
716:
715:
712:Fortifications
708:
707:
700:
693:
685:
677:
676:
667:
658:
649:
626:
605:
575:
554:
553:
551:
548:
547:
546:
539:
536:
530:
527:
526:
525:
509:
501:
491:
483:
475:
467:
455:
449:
446:Interior slope
443:
440:Exterior slope
376:
373:
372:
371:
363:
351:
339:
325:
307:
248:
245:
237:Hadrian's Wall
220:
217:
176:
173:
144:Reconstructed
118:
115:
62:
61:
41:the key points
31:
29:
22:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2643:
2632:
2629:
2627:
2624:
2622:
2619:
2618:
2616:
2601:
2600:
2587:
2586:
2583:
2575:
2572:
2571:
2570:
2569:Urban warfare
2567:
2565:
2562:
2560:
2557:
2553:
2550:
2549:
2548:
2545:
2543:
2540:
2538:
2535:
2533:
2530:
2528:
2525:
2523:
2522:Civil defense
2520:
2519:
2517:
2513:
2507:
2504:
2502:
2499:
2497:
2494:
2492:
2489:
2487:
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2413:
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2408:
2406:
2403:
2401:
2398:
2396:
2393:
2391:
2390:Bastion forts
2388:
2387:
2385:
2381:
2375:
2374:Z-plan castle
2372:
2370:
2367:
2365:
2362:
2360:
2357:
2355:
2352:
2350:
2347:
2345:
2344:L-plan castle
2342:
2340:
2337:
2335:
2332:
2330:
2329:Bridge castle
2327:
2325:
2322:
2321:
2319:
2315:
2309:
2306:
2304:
2301:
2299:
2298:Refuge castle
2296:
2293:
2292:
2287:
2285:
2282:
2280:
2279:Military base
2277:
2274:
2273:
2268:
2265:
2264:
2259:
2256:
2255:
2250:
2248:
2245:
2243:
2242:Hunting lodge
2240:
2238:
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2173:
2168:
2166:
2163:
2161:
2158:
2156:
2155:Moated castle
2153:
2151:
2148:
2146:
2143:
2141:
2140:Island castle
2138:
2136:
2133:
2131:
2128:
2126:
2123:
2121:
2118:
2116:
2113:
2112:
2110:
2108:By topography
2106:
2096:
2093:
2091:
2088:
2086:
2083:
2081:
2080:Submarine pen
2078:
2076:
2073:
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2068:
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2063:
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2056:
2053:
2051:
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2038:
2036:
2035:Hesco bastion
2033:
2031:
2028:
2026:
2023:
2021:
2018:
2016:
2013:
2011:
2008:
2006:
2003:
2001:
1998:
1996:
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1991:
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1986:
1983:
1981:
1978:
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1963:
1961:
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1956:
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1950:Blast shelter
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1943:
1941:
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1719:Place-of-arms
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1352:Machicolation
1350:
1348:
1347:L-plan castle
1345:
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1336:
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1080:Bridge castle
1078:
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1043:Bent entrance
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1028:Battery tower
1026:
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979:Advanced work
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903:Refuge castle
901:
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687:
686:
683:
671:
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647:(pp. 299-300)
646:
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393:style in 1549
392:
391:
386:
381:
369:
368:
364:
361:
357:
356:
355:Machicolation
352:
349:
345:
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308:
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289:
285:
281:
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262:
258:
253:
244:
242:
238:
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230:
226:
225:classical era
216:
214:
210:
206:
202:
198:
194:
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186:
182:
172:
170:
166:
165:
155:
151:
147:
142:
136:
132:
128:
123:
114:
112:
108:
104:
100:
96:
92:
88:
84:
83:fortification
76:
73:
68:
58:
48:
42:
40:
35:
30:
26:
21:
20:
2592:
2547:Siege engine
2515:Other topics
2439:Related word
2405:Defense line
2369:Tower castle
2324:Bastion fort
2308:Urban castle
2236:Ganerbenburg
2234:
2189:Water castle
2165:Ridge castle
2150:Marsh castle
1965:Bomb shelter
1945:Belgian gate
1918:20th century
1829:19th century
1767:Retrenchment
1739:Punji sticks
1648:Entrenchment
1643:Device Forts
1610:Counterguard
1545:Early modern
1475:Tower castle
1411:Powder tower
1386:Outer bailey
1298:Inner bailey
1272:Gulyay-gorod
1240:Ganerbenburg
1238:
1234:Fujian tulou
1176:Corner tower
1115:Chamber gate
1085:Bridge tower
933:Trou de loup
891:
670:
661:
652:
635:
629:
613:
608:
592:
563:
558:
532:
521:
517:
511:
503:
493:
485:
477:
469:
457:
451:
445:
439:
434:
426:Van Coehoorn
419:
396:
388:
365:
353:
347:
341:
333:
327:
310:Crenellation
309:
301:
296:
284:Early Modern
266:
222:
178:
162:
159:
86:
80:
72:British Camp
52:
36:
34:lead section
2446:Castle town
2303:Toll castle
2272:Lustschloss
2254:Kaiserpfalz
2184:Spur castle
2179:Rock castle
2120:Hill castle
2115:Cave castle
2075:Spider hole
1975:Bremer wall
1940:Barbed tape
1836:Barbed wire
1510:Witch tower
1480:Tower house
1470:Toll castle
1456:Shield wall
1376:Murder hole
1265:Guard tower
882:Pincer gate
829:Faussebraye
522:echauguette
288:crenellated
280:Middle Ages
223:During the
2615:Categories
2471:Gatekeeper
2291:Ordensburg
2263:Landesburg
2070:Sentry gun
2025:Flak tower
1955:Blast wall
1875:Gun turret
1772:Sally port
1677:Kotta mara
1617:Couvreface
1581:Breastwork
1576:Blockhouse
1554:Abwurfdach
1505:Watchtower
1495:Wall tower
1451:Shell keep
1401:Portcullis
1396:Peel tower
1381:Neck ditch
1340:Landesburg
1288:Half tower
1246:Gate tower
1191:Drawbridge
1033:Battlement
949:Wagon fort
792:Chengqiang
550:References
487:Terreplein
464:small arms
314:embrasures
292:Fieldworks
290:parapets.
267:After the
181:prehistory
154:Creglingen
107:settlement
91:embankment
55:April 2024
2574:Guerrilla
2317:By design
2065:Revetment
1880:Land mine
1811:Star fort
1638:Crownwork
1633:Covertway
1566:Barricade
1207:Embrasure
1120:Chartaque
1050:Bergfried
1008:Arrowslit
834:Gatehouse
804:City gate
765:Castellum
731:Acropolis
479:Embrasure
459:Banquette
399:artillery
335:arrowslit
229:wall walk
209:palisades
201:ringworks
197:ringforts
193:Hillforts
156:, Germany
131:Bopfingen
39:summarize
2599:Category
2589:See also
2476:Loophole
2364:Ringwork
2359:Ringfort
2284:Obstacle
2125:Hillfort
2045:Loophole
1843:Barbette
1818:Tenaille
1801:Sea fort
1731:Presidio
1691:Magazine
1672:Hornwork
1605:Cavalier
1600:Casemate
1593:Caponier
1436:Ringwork
1324:Detinets
1293:Hoarding
1198:Enceinte
1073:Bretèche
1018:Bartizan
1013:Barbican
989:Alcazaba
917:Stockade
897:Ringfort
877:Palisade
849:Landwehr
844:Hillfort
538:See also
513:Bartizan
505:Casemate
498:enfilade
494:Traverse
471:Barbette
412:bastions
367:Brattice
348:wallwalk
329:Loophole
239:and the
103:hillfort
75:hillfort
2506:Vedette
2496:Schloss
2461:Festung
2456:Dungeon
2451:Château
2395:Castles
2203:By role
2060:Pillbox
1890:Outpost
1806:Station
1794:Schanze
1777:Sandbag
1762:Redoubt
1746:Ravelin
1714:Palanka
1698:Orillon
1684:Lunette
1626:Coupure
1571:Bastion
1561:Arsenal
1529:Zwinger
1441:Roundel
1431:Ricetto
1406:Postern
1391:Outwork
1315:Kremlin
1186:Curtain
1161:Citadel
1145:Chemise
1105:Caltrop
1023:Bastion
996:Alcázar
892:Rampart
870:Oppidum
863:Nuraghe
809:Crannog
783:Castros
719:Ancient
518:guérite
452:Parapet
360:corbels
322:merlons
318:crenels
303:Parapet
259:in the
233:parapet
189:ditches
150:oppidum
148:of the
135:Germany
111:masonry
87:rampart
2501:Trench
2491:Picket
1902:Sangar
1855:Bunker
1787:Sconce
1707:Ostrog
1655:Flèche
1538:Modern
1517:Yagura
1485:Turret
1421:Reduit
1359:Merlon
1303:Kasbah
1281:Gusuku
1258:Glacis
1251:Gabion
1220:church
1127:Chashi
1110:Castle
954:Laager
942:Vallum
899:(Rath)
774:Castra
756:Burgus
726:Abatis
643:
620:
599:
570:
516:(also
430:Vauban
273:Norman
99:castle
2542:Siege
2486:Palas
2430:Walls
2420:Forts
2383:Lists
2230:Fence
2172:Rocca
2040:Kabal
1755:Redan
1662:Gorge
1586:Canal
1463:Shiro
1426:Ribat
1416:Qalat
1228:Dzong
1224:house
924:Sudis
856:Limes
814:Ditch
747:Broch
738:Agger
500:fire.
408:ditch
129:near
117:Types
2552:list
1970:Buoy
1524:Yett
1366:Moat
1333:Ksar
1308:Keep
1100:Caer
1090:Burh
1066:Boom
1059:Berm
1038:Bawn
1003:Amba
839:Gord
641:ISBN
618:ISBN
597:ISBN
568:ISBN
428:and
282:and
261:Aude
95:wall
824:Dun
520:or
346:or
332:or
316:or
127:Ipf
93:or
81:In
2617::
2591::
1226:,
1222:,
578:^
243:.
195:,
133:,
113:.
105:,
101:,
1328:)
1320:(
1230:)
957:)
951:(
704:e
697:t
690:v
624:.
603:.
466:.
324:.
57:)
53:(
43:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
