Rapid transit - Knowledge

2296: 2179: 2338: 768: 2963: 111: 2453: 1363: 780: 1943: 2026: 2311: 1531: 4082: 1617: 1799: 1748: 2513: 791: 2972: 3171: 2140: 1168: 1407:, or circuits. Each line is serviced by at least one specific route with trains stopping at all or some of the line's stations. Most systems operate several routes, and distinguish them by colors, names, numbering, or a combination thereof. Some lines may share track with each other for a portion of their route or operate solely on their own right-of-way. Often a line running through the city center forks into two or more branches in the suburbs, allowing a higher service frequency in the center. This arrangement is used by many systems, such as the 1693: 1877: 3593: 8248: 4223: 720: 345: 1381: 3167:, stable soil starts more than 50 metres (160 ft) deep. Above that level, the soil mostly consists of water-bearing finely dispersed sand. Because of this, only three stations out of nearly 60 are built near ground level and three more above the ground. Some stations and tunnels lie as deep as 100–120 metres (330–390 ft) below the surface. Usually, the vertical distance between the ground level and the rail is used to represent the depth. Among the possible candidates are: 1393: 123: 2497: 2109: 3375: 3753: 3551: 1301: 3442: 2254:

station number on that line. Interchange stations can have multiple codes. Like City Hall station in Seoul which is served by Line 1 and Line 2. It has a code of 132 and 201 respectively. The Line 2 is a circle line and the first stop is City Hall, therefore, City Hall has the station code of 201. For lines without a number like Bundang line it will have an alphanumeric code. Lines without a number that are operated by KORAIL will start with the letter 'K'.

139: 1924: 3833: 54: 4251: 4027:, suburban service, or (sometimes) regional rail. The suburban systems may have their own purpose built trackage, run at similar "rapid transit-like" frequencies, and (in many countries) are operated by the national railway company. In some cities these suburban services run through tunnels in the city center and have direct transfers to the rapid transit system, on the same or adjoining platforms. 4237: 3654:, which opened in 1987. Here, a "passenger service agent" (formerly called "train captain") would ride with the passengers rather than sit at the front as a driver would, but would have the same responsibilities as a driver in a GoA 2 system. This technology could allow trains to operate completely automatically with no crew, just as most 2690:(opened 1971), their entirely enclosed nature due to their use of rubber-tyred technology to cope with heavy snowfall experienced by both cities in winter precludes any air-conditioning retrofits of rolling stock due to the risk of heating the tunnels to temperatures that would be too hot for passengers and for train operations. 3470: 2295: 3735:

Another obstacle to conversion of existing lines to fully automated operation is that the conversion may necessitate a shutdown of operations. Furthermore, where several lines share the same infrastructure, it may be necessary to share tracks between automated and human-operated trains at least for a

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A disadvantage with this, is that the cost of tunneling is much higher than building cut-and-cover systems, at-grade or elevated. Early tunneling machines could not make tunnels large enough for conventional railway equipment, necessitating special low, round trains, such as are still used by most of

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Urban land-use planning policies are essential for the success of rapid transit systems, particularly as mass transit is not feasible in low-density communities. Transportation planners estimate that to support rapid rail services, there must be a residential housing density of twelve dwelling units

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are a cheaper and easier way to build an exclusive right-of-way without digging expensive tunnels or creating barriers. In addition to street level railways they may also be the only other feasible alternative due to considerations such as a high water table close to the city surface that raises the

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An advantage of deep tunnels is that they can dip in a basin-like profile between stations, without incurring the significant extra costs associated with digging near ground level. This technique, also referred to as putting stations "on humps", allows gravity to assist the trains as they accelerate

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with lengths from three to over ten cars. Crew sizes have decreased throughout history, with some modern systems now running completely unstaffed trains. Other trains continue to have drivers, even if their only role in normal operation is to open and close the doors of the trains at stations. Power

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connections among the different stations. The graphic presentation may use straight lines and fixed angles, and often a fixed minimum distance between stations, to simplify the display of the transit network. Often this has the effect of compressing the distance between stations in the outer area of

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are typically used only outside dense areas, since they create a physical barrier in the urban fabric that hinders the flow of people and vehicles across their path and have a larger physical footprint. This method of construction is the cheapest as long as land values are low. It is often used for

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The Seoul Metro is another example that utilizes a code for its stations. Unlike that of Singapore's MRT, it is mostly numbers. Based on the line number, for example Sinyongsan station, is coded as station 429. Being on Line 4, the first number of the station code is 4. The last two numbers are the

1520:, which consist of shapes summarized as "I", "L", "U", "S", and "O" shapes or loops. Geographical barriers may cause chokepoints where transit lines must converge (for example, to cross a body of water), which are potential congestion sites but also offer an opportunity for transfers between lines. 1523:

Ring lines provide good coverage, connect between the radial lines and serve tangential trips that would otherwise need to cross the typically congested core of the network. A rough grid pattern can offer a wide variety of routes while still maintaining reasonable speed and frequency of service. A

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from 2008. Nuremberg U-Bahn was the first system in the world to undertake such a transition with mixed operation and without service disruption. While this demonstrates that those technological hurdles can be overcome, the project was severely delayed, missing the target of being in operation in

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design means that an underground rapid transit system is built in the city center, but only a light rail or tram system in the suburbs. Conversely, other cities have opted to build a full metro in the suburbs, but run trams in city streets to save the cost of expensive tunnels. In North America,

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of the rubber tires. However, they have higher maintenance costs and are less energy efficient. They also lose traction when weather conditions are wet or icy, preventing above-ground use of the Montréal Metro and limiting it on the Sapporo Municipal Subway, but not rubber-tired systems in other

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and help direct them to the location where the emergency occurred. In some cities, the same reasons are used to justify a crew of two rather than one; one person drives from the front of the train, while the other operates the doors from a position farther back, and is more conveniently able to

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In normal operation, a crew member sits in the driver's position at the front, but is only responsible for closing the doors at each station. By pressing two "start" buttons the train would then move automatically to the next station. This style of "semi-automatic train operation" (STO), known

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have also focused on art, which may range from decorative wall claddings, to large, flamboyant artistic schemes integrated with station architecture, to displays of ancient artifacts recovered during station construction. It may be possible to profit by attracting more passengers by spending

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globally, transit operators now use these technologies to present information to their users. In addition to online maps and timetables, some transit operators now offer real-time information which allows passengers to know when the next vehicle will arrive, and expected travel times. The

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was the first electric-traction rapid transit railway, which was also fully underground. Prior to opening, the line was to be called the "City and South London Subway", thus introducing the term Subway into railway terminology. Both railways, alongside others, were eventually merged into

3867:; they remain on the same level as buses and cars. Some light rail systems have elevated or underground sections. Both new and upgraded tram systems allow faster speed and higher capacity, and are a cheap alternative to construction of rapid transit, especially in smaller cities. 2922:. Both overhead wire and third-rail systems usually use the running rails as the return conductor. Some systems use a separate fourth rail for this purpose. There are transit lines that make use of both rail and overhead power, with vehicles able to switch between the two such as 2649:

wind cooling to riders. From the 1950s to the 1990s (and in most of Europe until the 2000s), many rapid transit trains from that era were also fitted with forced-air ventilation systems in carriage ceiling units for passenger comfort. Early rapid transit rolling stock fitted with

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is a subclass of rapid transit that has the speed and grade separation of a "full metro" but is designed for smaller passenger numbers. It often has smaller loading gauges, lighter train cars and smaller consists of typically two to four cars. Light metros are typically used as

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from the 1970s, were generally only made possible largely due to the relatively generous loading gauges of these systems and also adequate open-air sections to dissipate hot air from these air conditioning units. Especially in some rapid transit systems such as the

1288:. In the 21st century, most new expansions and systems are located in Asia, with China becoming the world's leader in metro expansion, operating some of the largest and busiest systems while possessing almost 60 cities that are operating, constructing or planning a 1245:, which incorporate some of the features of rapid transit systems. In response to cost, engineering considerations and topological challenges some cities have opted to construct tram systems, particularly those in Australia, where density in cities was low and 2171:, often focused on easy recognition – to allow quick identification even in the vast array of signage found in large cities – combined with the desire to communicate speed, safety, and authority. In many cities, there is a single 2025: 1942: 2574:

Some systems have been built from scratch, others are reclaimed from former commuter rail or suburban tramway systems that have been upgraded, and often supplemented with an underground or elevated downtown section. Ground-level alignments with a dedicated

1354:, or commuter rail. This combination of transit modes serves to offset certain limitations of rapid transit such as limited stops and long walking distances between outside access points. Bus or tram feeder systems transport people to rapid transit stops. 1616: 3340:). Elevated guideways were popular around the beginning of the 20th century, but fell out of favor. They came back into fashion in the last quarter of the century – often in combination with driverless systems, for instance Vancouver's 254:. The stations typically have high platforms, without steps inside the trains, requiring custom-made trains in order to minimize gaps between train and platform. They are typically integrated with other public transport and often operated by the same 292: – 40 in number, running on over 4,500 km (2,800 mi) of track – and was responsible for most of the world's rapid-transit expansion in the 2010s. The world's longest single-operator rapid transit system by 1798: 1034:

is referred to simply as "the subway", despite 40% of the system running above ground. The term "L" or "El" is not used for elevated lines in general as the lines in the system are already designated with letters and numbers. The "L" train or

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system is an example of a hybrid of the two: in the suburbs the lines function like a commuter rail line, with longer intervals and longer distance between stations; in the downtown areas, the stations become closer together and many lines

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connectivity. The first metro system in the world to enable full mobile phone reception in underground stations and tunnels was Singapore's Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) system, which launched its first underground mobile phone network using

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suburban trams, without the grade-separation of rapid transit. Premetros also allow a gradual upgrade of existing tramways to rapid transit, thus spreading the investment costs over time. They are most common in Germany with the name

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refers specifically to the 14th Street–Canarsie Local line, and not other elevated trains. Similarly, the Toronto Subway is referred to as "the subway", with some of its system also running above ground. These are the only two

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data format for transit information allows many third-party software developers to produce web and smartphone app programs which give passengers customized updates regarding specific transit lines and stations of interest.

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is a heavy rail system that operates at a lower frequency than urban rapid transit, with higher average speeds, often only serving one station in each village and town. Commuter rail systems of some cities (such as German

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In many cities, metro networks consist of lines operating different sizes and types of vehicles. Although these sub-networks may not often be connected by track, in cases when it is necessary, rolling stock with a smaller

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to allow passengers to board and disembark from trains. They are also payment checkpoints and allow passengers to transfer between modes of transport, for instance to buses or other trains. Access is provided via either

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were used. Cut-and-cover construction can take so long that it is often necessary to build a temporary roadbed while construction is going on underneath, in order to avoid closing main streets for long periods of time.

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are determined by a large number of factors, including geographical barriers, existing or expected travel patterns, construction costs, politics, and historical constraints. A transit system is expected to serve an

2432:, which is ranked by Worldwide Rapid Transit Data as the "World's Safest Rapid Transit Network" in 2015, incorporates airport-style security checkpoints at every station. Rapid transit systems have been subject to 1692: 2213:

lines to indicate each line or service, with named icons to indicate stations. Maps may show only rapid transit or also include other modes of public transport. Transit maps can be found in transit vehicles, on

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portfolios. Some systems, particularly Hong Kong's, extensions are partly financed by the sale of land whose value has appreciated by the new access the extension has brought to the area, a process known as

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are excavated and a tunnel structure strong enough to support the road above is built in the trench, which is then filled in and the roadway rebuilt. This method often involves extensive relocation of

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etc.) can be seen as the substitute for the city's rapid transit system providing frequent mass transit within city. In contrast, the mainly urban rapid transit systems in some cities (such as the

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Completely unstaffed trains, or "unattended train operation" (UTO) or technically "GoA 4", are more accepted on newer systems where there are no existing crews to be displaced, and especially on

4113:; the rapid transit system allows higher capacity with less land use, less environmental impact, and a lower cost. A 2023 study found that rapid transit systems lead to a massive reduction in CO 813:

is the most commonly used term for underground rapid transit systems used by non-native English speakers. Rapid transit systems may be named after the medium by which passengers travel in busy

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Alternatively, there may be a single central terminal (often shared with the central railway station), or multiple interchange stations between lines in the city center, for instance in the

1481:: the minimum headway can reach 90 seconds, but many systems typically use 120 seconds to allow for recovery from delays. Typical capacity lines allow 1,200 people per train, giving 36,000 3669:

situation, a crew member on board the train would have possibly been able to prevent the emergency in the first place, drive a partially failed train to the next station, assist with an

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has the alphanumeric code CG2, indicating its position as the 2nd station on the Changi Airport branch of the East West Line. Interchange stations have at least two codes, for example,

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in 1989. Many metro systems, such as the Hong Kong Mass Transit Railway (MTR) and the Berlin U-Bahn, provide mobile data connections in their tunnels for various network operators.

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Elevated or underground systems in city centers allow the transport of people without occupying expensive land, and permit the city to develop compactly without physical barriers.

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on most of its lines because the amount of empty space between the trains and tunnel walls is so small. Other lines were built with cut-and-cover and have since been equipped with

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and leaving more land available for buildings and other uses. In areas of high land prices and dense land use, tunnels may be the only economic route for mass transportation.

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or national governments. Capital investments are often partially or completely financed by taxation, rather than by passenger fares, but must often compete with funding for

1949: 1477: – more standing gives higher capacity. The minimum time interval between trains is shorter for rapid transit than for mainline railways owing to the use of 2299: 1473:. Heavy rapid transit trains might have six to twelve cars, while lighter systems may use four or fewer. Cars have a capacity of 100 to 150 passengers, varying with the 2238:

to each of their stations to help commuters identify them, which briefly encodes information about the line it is on, and its position on the line. For example, on the

1450:, the main business, financial, and cultural area. Some systems have a circular line around the city center connecting to radially arranged outward lines, such as the 4461: 6698: 3740:

to fully automated (GoA4) in early 2010 without a single day of service disruption. Before that it had run in mixed operation with the newly opened fully driverless

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may be established. These security measures are normally integrated with measures to protect revenue by checking that passengers are not travelling without paying.

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rides to the platforms mean that the stations can become bottlenecks if not adequately built. Some underground and elevated stations are integrated into vast

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network where more widely spaced stations allow higher speeds. In some cases the differences between urban rapid transit and suburban systems are not clear.

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for each station. Originally intended to help make the network map "readable" by illiterate people, this system has since become an "icon" of the system.

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instead to detect obstacles on the track. Conversely, some lines which retain drivers or manual train operation nevertheless use PSDs, notably London's

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stations where passengers can transfer between lines. Unlike conventional maps, transit maps are usually not geographically accurate, but emphasize the

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in German. One of these terms may apply to an entire system, even if a large part of the network, for example, in outer suburbs, runs at ground level.

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in London in November 1987, which killed 31 people. Systems are generally built to allow evacuation of trains at many places throughout the system.

1214:, the United States, Argentina, and Canada, with some railways being converted from steam and others being designed to be electric from the outset. 4983: 2762:, Canada. On most of these networks, additional horizontal wheels are required for guidance, and a conventional track is often provided in case of 3577:" or "motorman"). The introduction of powered doors around 1920 permitted crew sizes to be reduced, and trains in many cities are now operated by 3080:. This relocation must be done carefully, as according to documentaries from the National Geographic Society, one of the causes of the April 1992 1149:

In general rapid transit is a synonym for "metro" type transit, though sometimes rapid transit is defined to include "metro", commuter trains and

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standards, it allows both disabled people and those with wheeled baggage easy access to the trains, though if the track is curved there can be a

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achieving recovery ratios of well over 100%. This ignores both heavy capital costs incurred in building the system, which are often funded with

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office and housing blocks being constructed. Also, an efficient transit system can decrease the economic welfare loss caused by the increase of

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from one sub network may be transported along other lines that use larger trains. On some networks such operations are part of normal services.

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In the early days of underground railways, at least two staff members were needed to operate each train: one or more attendants (also called "

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in 1863 marked the beginning of rapid transit. Initial experiences with steam engines, despite ventilation, were unpleasant. Experiments with

8270: 5324:"Rapid Transit Trends Show Record Growth in 2016, with Huge Increases in China, Brazil – Institute for Transportation and Development Policy" 4717:"Rapid Transit Trends Show Record Growth in 2016, with Huge Increases in China, Brazil – Institute for Transportation and Development Policy" 6511: 4777: 4549: 6243: 3717: 3301: 1627: 6480: 4182:, a ratio of ticket income to operating costs, is often used to assess operational profitability, with some systems including Hong Kong's 5050: 4869: 6917: 5800: 5394: 4457: 4389: 3469:

floors and mosaics—thus exposing the public to art in their everyday life, outside galleries and museums. Moscow Metro's wall cladding

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and other Eastern European countries, but to an increasing extent elsewhere, the stations were built with splendid decorations such as

1016: 5352: 5277: 258:. Some rapid transit systems have at-grade intersections between a rapid transit line and a road or between two rapid transit lines. 4745: 6005: 5331: 4724: 3217: 1524:

study of the 15 world largest subway systems suggested a universal shape composed of a dense core with branches radiating from it.

702: 694: 5877: 5440: 5079: 5248: 1176: 2108: 2786:, France. Advocates of this system note that it is much quieter than conventional steel-wheeled trains, and allows for greater 748: 5762: 5298: 5033: 2546:

with larger and longer trains can be classified as rapid transit systems. Such monorail systems recently started operating in

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largely avoids both problems. The confined space in the tunnel also limits the machinery that can be used, but specialized

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uses large LCD information display to show the current location, upcoming stops, and advertisements in several languages (

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etc.) have lines that fan out to reach the outer suburbs. With some other urban or "near urban" rapid transit systems (

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A variant of ATO, "driverless train operation" (DTO) or technically "GoA 3", is seen on some systems, as in London's

3324:. These kinds of exits have existed in many London Underground stations and stations in former Soviet Union nations. 1482: 97: 5215: 3810:

in Singapore, which opened in 2003, is the world's first fully automated underground urban heavy-rail line. The MTR

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and is often carried out over a number of years. There are several different methods of building underground lines.

2222:. Maps help users understand the interconnections between different parts of the system; for example, they show the 79: 8099: 8018: 7064: 6179: 4330: 2942: 2674: 2250:

has two codes, NS26 and EW14, the 26th station on the North South Line and the 14th station on the East West Line.

1087: 1036: 686: 6091: 6066: 4659:"China's Metro Boom Continues to Drive Rapid Transit Growth – Institute for Transportation and Development Policy" 2386:, usually over 1 meter / 3 feet, are a safety risk, as people falling onto the tracks have trouble climbing back. 2186:

uses large LCD information displays to show the current location, upcoming stops and diagrams of the next station.

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assist passengers in the rear cars. An example of the presence of a driver purely due to union opposition is the

1211: 300:. The world's largest single rapid transit service provider by number of stations (472 stations in total) is the 6319: 4421: 8715: 8578: 8573: 8558: 6910: 4633: 4612: 4160: 3562: 2846: 2666: 2662: 2009: 1195: 538: 378: 64: 35: 3749:

and the hoped for international orders for the system of automation employed in Nuremberg never materialized.

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to be used. Overhead wires are more likely to be used on metro systems without many tunnels, for example, the

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Some rapid transport trains have extra features such as wall sockets, cellular reception, typically using a

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Advancements in technology have allowed new automated services. Hybrid solutions have also evolved, such as

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tunnels are constructed by digging up city streets, which are then rebuilt over the tunnel. Alternatively,

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serves many relatively sparse neighbourhoods and feeds into and complements the high capacity metro lines.

2485: 1643: 1328:. The extent of the rapid transit system varies greatly between cities, with several transport strategies. 837: 8808: 8725: 8173: 7265: 7163: 6140:

Boorse, Jack W. (1999). "Dual-Mode Traction Power Distribution for Light Rail Transit: A Design Option".

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in order to improve safety and ensure passenger confidence, but this is not universal, as networks like

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to increase safety by preventing people falling onto the tracks, as well as reducing ventilation costs.

3116:, thus avoiding almost any disturbance to existing streets, buildings, and utilities. But problems with 1370: 8720: 8649: 8644: 8619: 8137: 8028: 7951: 7936: 7059: 6214: 5579:

Human transit : how clearer thinking about public transit can enrich our communities and our lives

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for the entire transit authority, but the rapid transit uses its own logo that fits into the profile.

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at the next station, while taking into account the information that a human driver would obtain from

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are widely regarded as some of the most beautiful in the world. Several other cities such as London,

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that restrict the size and sometimes the shape of the train compartments. One example is most of the

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Sato, Yoshihiko; Matsumoto, Akira & Knothe, Klaus (2002). "Review on rail corrugation studies".

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are rare due to use of double track, and low operating speeds reduce the occurrence and severity of

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Some cities have opted for two tiers of urban railways: an urban rapid transit system (such as the

3721: 3713: 3643:(GoA) 2", has become widespread, especially on newly built lines like the San Francisco Bay Area's 2775: 2687: 1911: 1891: 1474: 1162: 1092: 661: 597: 393: 4492: 8505: 8294: 8198: 8158: 8104: 6504: 4541: 4198:

is excluded from calculations of profitability, as well as ancillary revenue such as income from

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networks respectively, that connect to nearby commercial buildings. In suburbs, there may be a "

2310: 8798: 8730: 7856: 7836: 7580: 7575: 7327: 6473: 4284: 4179: 3945: 3811: 3780: 3644: 3490: 3246: 3234: 3198: 3181: 3160: 2984: 2872: 2834: 2826: 2791: 2547: 2409:, as well as sexual assaults on tightly packed trains and platforms. Security measures include 2115: 1965: 1907: 1731: 1647: 1544: 1335:

with trains making frequent station stops. The outer suburbs may then be reached by a separate

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A replacement system for human drivers became available in the 1960s, with the advancement of

3403:. Underground stations, especially deep-level ones, increase the overall transport time: long 1469:

The capacity of a line is obtained by multiplying the car capacity, the train length, and the

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used for public, mass rapid transit has undergone significant changes in the years since the

2505: 2387: 2342: 1727: 1502: 1266: 1153:. Also high-capacity bus-based transit systems can have features similar to "metro" systems. 734: 671: 305: 289: 274: 6756: 6439:

Prud'homme, Rémy (2012). "Public transport congestion costs: The case of the Paris subway".

5792: 5390: 4381: 3803: 3799: 2879:, suspended from poles or towers along the track or from structure or tunnel ceilings, or a 8710: 8694: 8689: 8188: 8153: 7881: 7851: 7806: 7617: 7496: 7210: 7173: 6994: 6380: 5077:

KMRT History – Kaohsiung City Mass Rapid Transit Bureau official site (Traditional Chinese)

4081: 4038:, suburban and rapid transit systems even run on the exact same track along some sections. 3670: 3309: 2988: 2852: 2659: 2536: 2464: 2377: 2068: 1930: 1548: 1424: 1184: 1172: 1031: 906: 676: 301: 262: 127: 5273: 2833:. While monorails have never gained wide acceptance outside Japan, there are some such as 2512: 1442:

are densely built systems with a matrix of crisscrossing lines throughout the cities. The

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new systems in areas that are planned to fill up with buildings after the line is built.

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is normally required. Rapid transit is sometimes seen as an alternative to an extensive

3316:) situated over 100 metres (330 ft) below ground level, to serve passengers on the 2902:. Overhead wires are employed on some systems that are predominantly underground, as in 1167: 8813: 8639: 8521: 8262: 7982: 7783: 7410: 7215: 7198: 7121: 6412: 6157: 5873: 5628: 5603: 5416:"Today in Transportation History – 1982: The Northernmost Public Transportation System" 5076: 4513: 4133: 4076: 4031: 3972: 3864: 3840: 3827: 3725: 3674: 3357: 3341: 3193: 3023: 2919: 2830: 2739: 2655: 2631: 2410: 2365: 1981: 1895: 1739: 1568: 1435: 1200: 1012: 609: 270: 241: 115: 71: 5913: 5240: 2551: 1864: 1374: 1331:

Some systems may extend only to the limits of the inner city, or to its inner ring of

8464: 7941: 7607: 7542: 7508: 7133: 7076: 6959: 6848: 6829: 6806: 6785: 6764: 6743: 6721: 6668: 6647: 6626: 6601: 6416: 6404: 6396: 6161: 6014: 5633: 5582: 5539: 5197: 5144: 4849: 4602: 4517: 4269: 4151:. The transit systems may be operated by the owner or by a private company through a 4144: 4035: 4004: 3836: 3815: 3600: 3574: 3305: 3293:

from one station and brake at the next. It was used as early as 1890 on parts of the

3113: 2803: 2755: 2361: 2322: 2274: 2235: 2148: 2052: 1592: 1443: 1321: 1188: 986: 954: 255: 6392: 3802:

was subsequently converted to unattended operation by 2012, and it is expected that

8746: 8654: 8516: 8511: 8480: 8459: 8424: 8364: 8252: 8168: 8132: 8122: 8079: 8074: 8054: 8049: 7931: 7876: 7846: 7337: 7297: 7235: 7116: 7101: 7096: 7016: 6974: 6926: 6448: 6388: 6149: 5909: 5758: 5623: 5615: 4505: 4228: 4102: 4059: 4055: 4016: 3949: 3901: 3776: 3772: 3729: 3620: 3573:" or "guard") to operate the doors or gates, as well as a driver (also called the " 3570: 3446: 3408: 3353: 3332: 3229: 3149: 2923: 2860: 2799: 2651: 2460: 2215: 2206: 2152: 1969: 1782: 1447: 1408: 1261:, has been reconsidered and proposed as a solution to over-capacity. Melbourne had 958: 794: 724: 575: 476: 459: 266: 210: 194: 174: 166: 6539: 6452: 3662:

began to decrease, this became a financially attractive option for the operators.

228:

Modern services on rapid transit systems are provided on designated lines between

8777: 8500: 7967: 7801: 7637: 7458: 7342: 7312: 7255: 7143: 7128: 6889: 6800: 6779: 6758: 6662: 6641: 6595: 6469: 5953:[Was it hot in the old subway? Surprising history of vehicle "cooling"]. 5686: 5083: 4385: 4183: 3502: 3426:

allows step-free access between platform and train. If the station complies with

3396: 3349: 3270: 3241: 2903: 2767: 2195: 2172: 2160: 2040: 2032: 2017: 1957: 1852: 1836: 1786: 1766: 1735: 1703: 1671: 1667: 1623: 1588: 1536: 1490: 1455: 1122: 772: 528: 523: 508: 5759:"Sexual Harassment on the New York Subway Has Increased More Than 50% This Year" 4984:"Tarif Belum Diketok, Warga Masih Bisa Nikmati MRT Cuma-cuma Sampai Akhir Maret" 4778:"New Starts: Shanghai Metro World's Longest, Panama Canal Drama, Japan's Maglev" 4509: 8659: 8634: 8629: 8624: 8439: 8183: 8084: 8064: 7900: 7821: 7612: 7537: 7466: 7260: 7051: 6637: 6244:"10 Ways to Enhance Your Community: Unleash the Power of Public Transportation" 6222: 5900: 4570: 4195: 4106: 3921: 3880: 3702: 3679: 3624: 3592: 3506: 3494: 3320:. They have several entrances/exits equipped with high-speed lifts, instead of 3285: 3265: 3077: 3069: 3061: 2934: 2907: 2899: 2888: 2864: 2759: 2713: 2683: 2604: 2520: 2429: 2422: 2414: 2183: 2080: 2076: 2044: 2005: 1977: 1953: 1934: 1887: 1868: 1812: 1790: 1778: 1774: 1719: 1715: 1711: 1459: 1420: 1396: 1053: 985:

which runs mostly on an elevated track, while the term "subway" applies to the

970: 930: 543: 417: 336: 297: 6757:

Needle, Jerome A.; Transportation Security Board & Cobb, Renée M. (1997).

6045: 5934:. No. 27. Electric Railroaders Assn., N.Y., N.Y. Aug 1959. Archived from 5536:

Land-use/Transport Planning in Hong Kong: A Review of Principles and Practices

3964: 3794:

has human drivers on most lines but runs automated trains on its newest line,

3791: 2751: 1997: 1439: 802: 8792: 8604: 8490: 8444: 8419: 8404: 8374: 8233: 8178: 7773: 7758: 7738: 7733: 7476: 7362: 7245: 7205: 7086: 6952: 6660: 6400: 5055:(in Chinese). Department of Rapid Transit Systems. 2008-07-01. Archived from 4289: 4242: 4204: 4064: 4008: 3996: 3968: 3941: 3892: 3632: 3628: 3531: 3427: 3416: 3400: 3391: 3369: 3125: 3049: 3027: 2996: 2992: 2946: 2876: 2868: 2732: 2728: 2716: 2707: 2695: 2646: 2619: 2589: 2406: 2402: 2346: 2239: 2096: 2092: 2064: 2036: 1961: 1848: 1828: 1754: 1699: 1679: 1651: 1639: 1556: 1380: 1336: 1285: 1231: 1109: 1041: 994: 946: 518: 513: 491: 440: 400: 388: 344: 237: 229: 131: 5897: 5534:

Runnacles, Timothy V. (2020). Dimitriou, Harry T.; Cook, Alison H.S (eds.).

4806: 1392: 122: 8594: 8454: 8247: 8218: 8203: 8003: 7987: 7977: 7946: 7926: 7910: 7871: 7831: 7826: 7811: 7768: 7491: 7270: 7178: 7091: 7006: 6969: 6735: 6408: 5637: 5619: 5012: 4917: 4256: 4222: 4164: 4098: 4094: 3988: 3980: 3976: 3933: 3929: 3757: 3631:. The first metro line to use this technology in its entirety was London's 3596: 3523: 3514: 3510: 3486: 3458: 3431: 3383: 3258: 3117: 3105: 2915: 2856: 2807: 2783: 2612: 2568: 2496: 2472: 2467:

station, are commonly used to provide cellular reception in metro stations.

2326: 2318: 2210: 2119: 2088: 2084: 2060: 2013: 1989: 1985: 1856: 1840: 1808: 1707: 1683: 1659: 1655: 1635: 1600: 1540: 1451: 1431: 1270: 1250: 978: 784: 719: 681: 471: 317: 309: 6691:

Sustainable Transport: A Sourcebook for Policy-Makers in Developing Cities

4163:

between modes. Almost all transit systems operate at a deficit, requiring

3374: 3297:

and has been used many times since, for example in Montreal or Nuremberg.

8772: 8664: 8609: 8526: 8409: 8223: 7861: 7723: 7693: 7683: 7471: 7438: 7418: 7275: 7036: 6474:"Announcement of Unaudited Results for the Six Months Ended 30 June 2008" 4279: 4199: 4168: 3984: 3917: 3783:. The first network to install PSDs on an already operational system was 3752: 3706: 3698: 3686: 3527: 3441: 3313: 3133: 3073: 2938: 2884: 2642: 2608: 2501: 2398: 2191: 2144: 2127: 2100: 2072: 2056: 1973: 1899: 1883: 1844: 1820: 1816: 1804: 1762: 1758: 1631: 1596: 1580: 1576: 1572: 1564: 1560: 1552: 1412: 1385: 1300: 1082: 1073: 412: 313: 130:

is the world's largest single-operator rapid transit system by number of

6175: 4093:

As of March 2018, 212 cities have built rapid transit systems. The

3701:

in France. Additional VAL lines have been built in other cities such as

8163: 8033: 7753: 7748: 7668: 7570: 7448: 7428: 7380: 7347: 7317: 7282: 7225: 7153: 7148: 7111: 7041: 7026: 7001: 6984: 6947: 6070: 4274: 4140: 4125: 4039: 3937: 3876: 3856: 3659: 3550: 3498: 3478: 3321: 3317: 3213:, Ukraine (105.5 metres (346 ft), opened 1960, built under a hill) 3210: 2880: 2771: 2623: 2600: 2564: 2532: 2369: 2262: 2231:

the system, and expanding distances between those close to the center.

1903: 1860: 1832: 1584: 1416: 1343: 1305: 1238: 1150: 1011:

il), while its rapid transit system that serves the city is called the

587: 582: 454: 427: 170: 41:"Metropolitan train" redirects here. For the German train service, see 6562:"Ten Principles for Reinventing America's Suburban Business Districts" 3084:

was a mislocated water pipeline. The structures are typically made of

118:

is the world's first and oldest rapid transit system, opening in 1863.

8540: 8434: 8354: 7866: 7816: 7763: 7678: 7632: 7602: 7592: 7532: 7486: 7443: 7433: 7352: 7322: 7307: 7250: 7106: 6964: 6315: 5683:"A Comparison of Risk: Accidental Deaths – United States – 1999–2003" 4331:"Mass transit - Urban Mobility, Efficiency, Environment | Britannica" 4191: 4089:

in London allows for dense land use, while retaining a high capacity.

4000: 3885: 3666: 3404: 3288:

station in Portland, Oregon, US (built under a hill), 260 feet (80 m)

3205: 3164: 3097: 3065: 3057: 2815: 2763: 2433: 2278: 2199: 1770: 1486: 1325: 1262: 1258: 1134: 1118: 1068: 383: 261:

The world's first rapid transit system was the partially underground

138: 7287: 6153: 3832: 3308:

serving western Hong Kong Island, opened in 2015, has two stations (

2837:'s monorail lines which are widely used in a rapid transit setting. 2731:, they are often fixed directly to the floor rather than resting on 2360:, with requirements for procedure and maintenance to minimize risk. 1234:

all converted or purpose-designed and built electric rail services.

82:. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed. 8495: 8449: 8389: 8379: 8369: 8349: 8339: 8323: 7698: 7688: 7673: 7663: 7642: 7622: 7587: 7565: 7527: 7518: 7481: 7395: 7168: 7138: 6895: 4843: 4121: 4110: 3925: 3871: 3763:

Systems that use automatic trains also commonly employ full-height

3655: 3608: 3535: 3482: 3085: 2822: 2811: 2747: 2743: 2543: 2394: 2258: 2227: 1915: 1508: 1342:

Rapid transit systems may be supplemented by other systems such as

1324:

to transport large numbers of people often short distances at high

1242: 1215: 1138: 1104: 926: 708: 251: 6276:"Métro parisien: l'automatisation de la ligne 4 prendra du retard" 3843:

trains (left) and main line rail services (right), as well as the

8756: 8674: 8394: 8359: 8013: 7890: 7728: 7658: 7560: 7400: 7372: 7302: 7292: 7188: 4934: 4172: 4024: 3913: 3466: 3121: 3042: 3035: 2895: 2202: 1470: 1223: 1219: 1061: 990: 854: 206: 6826:

Access to Mass Transit for Blind and Visually Impaired Travelers

6593: 6003: 5680: 4143:. Most systems are publicly owned, by either local governments, 2356:

record, with few accidents. Rail transport is subject to strict

8536: 8485: 8414: 8318: 8313: 7713: 7708: 7627: 7332: 7158: 7011: 5101:. Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. p. 293. 4493:"Mass rapid transit systems for cities in the developing world" 3897: 3736:

transitory period. The Nuremberg U-Bahn converted the existing

3582: 3539: 3462: 3450: 3412: 3129: 3060:

commonly buried not far below street level – particularly

3053: 3022:

move traffic away from street level, avoiding delays caused by

3019: 3010: 2927: 2779: 2627: 2524: 2393:

Rapid transit facilities are public spaces and may suffer from

2357: 2353: 2352:

Compared to other modes of transport, rapid transit has a good

2330: 1332: 1277: 1254: 1246: 1227: 1057: 818: 604: 246: 178: 5733:"Why we need to talk about sexual assault on public transport" 5707: 3034:

can be used to dig deep-bore tunnels that lie further down in

2770:. There are also some rubber-tired systems that use a central 8384: 7423: 4490:

Fouracre, Phil; Dunkerley, Christian; Gardner, Geoff (2003).

3665:

At the same time, countervailing arguments stated that in an

3474: 3337: 3093: 3089: 2851:

Although trains on very early rapid transit systems like the

2787: 2480: 2168: 1663: 999: 503: 466: 285: 225:, which cannot be accessed by pedestrians or other vehicles. 6067:"Bangkok Mass Transit System Company Limited – BTS SkyTrain" 5216:"Site Name: Liverpool Overhead Railway & Dingle Station" 1489:

with ranges of 75,000 to 85,000 people per hour achieved by

917:

are used for the London Underground. The North East England

8429: 8308: 7788: 7743: 7357: 7220: 4318: 4148: 4067:

with intervals dropping to typical rapid transit headways.

4043: 3852: 3261:(~80 metres (260 ft), opened 2005, built under a hill) 3137: 2724: 2720: 2373: 1351: 1313: 1281: 570: 218: 6881: 6824:; Peck, Alec; Wiener, William & Stern, Arlene (1990). 5602:

Roth, C; Kang, SM; Batty, M; Barthelemy, M (16 May 2012).

5137:

Weigelt, Horst; Weiss, Helmut H.; Götz, Rainer E. (1977).

4687: 4236: 1276:

Since the 1960s, many new systems have been introduced in

997:

system that serves the entire metropolitan area is called

6942: 6802:

Public Transport: Its Planning, Management, and Operation

6200: 5561:

Public Transport: Its Planning, Management, and Operation

3784: 3697:

or "automated light vehicle"), first used in 1983 on the

3041:

The construction of an underground metro is an expensive

2911: 2441: 2048: 1347: 214: 30:"Mass rapid transit" redirects here. For other uses, see 8292: 6869: 6845:

The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language

6681: 6560:

Booth, Geoffrey; Leonard, Bruce; Pawlukiewicz, Michael.

6429:

European Conference of Ministers of Transport, 2003: 187

4846:

The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language

4489: 945:

Various terms are used for rapid transit systems around

6361:

Dasgupta, Susmita; Lall, Somik; Wheeler, David (2023).

5601: 3821: 3565:

are fully automated and are not operated by any driver.

3128:. The first city to extensively use deep tunneling was 2758:, and the first completely new system to use it was in 1207:

was designed to use electric traction from the outset.

6661:

European Conference of Ministers of Transport (2003).

6213: 3732:

in Kuala Lumpur, both of which carry no crew members.

3709:, Italy. Another system that uses unstaffed trains is 3336:

cost of, or even precludes underground railways (e.g.

3112:

from which tunnels are horizontally dug, often with a

2802:

technologies in their metros. One of the lines of the

2563:

into the main rapid transit system. For instance, the

2504:, the interlocking tunnel lining segments placed by a 2302:

personnel participating in a firefighting exercise on

5353:"In response to growth, Chinese cities choose metros" 5168:

Institute for Transportation & Development Policy

3855:

have incorporated several features of rapid transit:

2894:

The use of overhead wires allows higher power supply

1067:. The meaning varies from one country to another. In 6559: 6505:"Taipei Rapid Transit Corporation '08 Annual Report" 5983:"Métro et autobus: chaud débat sur la climatisation" 5938:

on 2023-03-18 – via Hoboken Historical Museum.

4594: 4218: 3991:) and a suburban system (such as their counterparts 3756:

Platform screen doors at Castle Hill Station on the

2719:. Since tracks in subway tunnels are not exposed to 1388:

are color-coded to indicate different service lines.

6695:

Deutsche Gesellschaft für Technische Zusammenarbeit

6432: 6360: 5328:

Institute for Transportation and Development Policy

4721:

Institute for Transportation and Development Policy

4663:

Institute for Transportation and Development Policy

4023:respectively). Such systems are known variously as 3159:The deepest metro system in the world was built in 2883:

mounted at track level and contacted by a sliding "

2390:are used on some systems to eliminate this danger. 2167:Rapid transit operators have often built up strong 1060:, rapid transit systems are primarily known by the 6362: 5958: 5858: 5856: 4491: 3201:, China (116 metres (381 ft), opened in 2022) 1485:. However, much higher capacities are attained in 1403:Each rapid transit system consists of one or more 177:rapid transit line below ground surface through a 6842: 6368:emissions: A global analysis with satellite data" 6219:"Konståkning i världens längsta konstutställning" 5685:. US Department of Transportation. Archived from 5299:"Australia's first metro system opened in Sydney" 3249:, China (76 metres (249 ft), opened in 2017) 3237:, China (94 metres (308 ft), opened in 2016) 933:underground rapid transit system is known as the 8790: 6594:Banister, David & Berechman, Joseph (2000). 6510:. Taipei Rapid Transit Corporation. p. 96. 5274:"Light Rail – the Solution to Inner-City Chaos?" 5136: 2444:" terrorist bombings on the London Underground. 6777: 6468: 6139: 6013:. Société de transport de Montréal. p. 6. 5985:(in French). Ruefrontenac.com. January 27, 2009 5853: 4070: 2875:, is usually supplied via one of two forms: an 2821:For elevated lines, another alternative is the 1265:developed in the 1970s and opened in 1980. The 6892:) – database of metro systems around the world 6715: 6438: 6273: 5871: 4445: 4443: 4441: 3589:monitors are often provided for that purpose. 3144:are now available to overcome this challenge. 3120:are more likely, and tunneling through native 2645:and openable windows to provide fresh air and 1399:is the northernmost metro system in the world. 8278: 6911: 6843:Joseph P. Pickert; et al., eds. (2000). 6734: 6597:Transport Investment and Economic Development 6274:Chicheportiche, Olivier (November 15, 2021). 6094:. City and County of Honolulu. 9 January 2024 5846: 5844: 5604:"A long-time limit for world subway networks" 5271: 5114:"MRT line a game-changer | New Straits Times" 4848:(Fourth ed.). Houghton Mifflin Company. 3689:lines. One of the first such systems was the 2626:; others are built to a smaller one and have 2376:is more of a danger underground, such as the 1312:Rapid transit is used for local transport in 1191:failed in their extended adoption by cities. 844: 742: 6798: 6464: 6462: 4904: 4902: 4844:Executive ed.: Joseph P. Pickert... (2000). 4563: 4536: 4534: 4374: 3814:is also automated, along with trains on the 3718:Urban Transportation Development Corporation 3658:do. When the initially increasing costs for 2712:Most rapid transit systems use conventional 2607:. The whole London Underground network uses 883: 831: 308:by annual ridership are the Shanghai Metro, 5658: 5656: 5511:"MTR > A Service of World-class Quality" 5441:"8 charming pictures from Helsinki's metro" 5179: 5177: 5175: 4811:Metropolitan Transportation Authority (MTA) 4504:(3). Taylor & Francis Online: 299–310. 4438: 4408: 4406: 3545: 2345:installed in an underground station of the 8285: 8271: 6918: 6904: 6847:(4th ed.). Houghton Mifflin Company. 6536:":: Center for Urban Studies and Research" 5841: 5267: 5265: 5094: 4892: 4890: 4458:American Public Transportation Association 4361:American Public Transportation Association 3148:the London Underground. It cannot install 2863:, nowadays virtually all metro trains use 2205:used to show the routes and stations in a 749: 735: 306:busiest rapid transit systems in the world 6459: 6290: 6004:Société de transport de Montréal (2002). 5627: 5572: 5570: 5533: 5196:. London: Shire Publications Ltd. p. 13. 4911: 4899: 4531: 2798:Some cities with steep hills incorporate 98:Learn how and when to remove this message 6338: 6336: 5948: 5653: 5172: 4960:"Transportation Basics: How to Use BART" 4746:"Shanghai now the world's longest metro" 4588: 4403: 4080: 3831: 3751: 3591: 3549: 3440: 3422:To allow easy access to the trains, the 3373: 3225:, 102 metres (335 ft), opened 2011) 3169: 2750:, was pioneered on certain lines of the 2641:Historically, rapid transit trains used 2511: 2495: 2451: 2336: 2309: 2294: 2218:, elsewhere in stations, and in printed 2177: 2138: 2134: 1391: 1379: 1361: 1299: 1171:Initial construction stages of London's 1166: 789: 778: 766: 273:. In 1868, New York opened the elevated 197:, in which case some are referred to as 193:. They are sometimes grade-separated on 137: 121: 109: 6636: 5665: 5262: 4887: 2871:. Power for the trains, referred to as 2436:with many casualties, such as the 1995 1753:Two crossing paths (air bladder), e.g. 1210:The technology quickly spread to other 14: 8791: 6168: 5793:"El auto de procesamiento por el 11-M" 5681:Office of Hazardous Materials Safety. 5608:Journal of the Royal Society Interface 5576: 5567: 5213: 5111: 4788:from the original on 25 September 2014 3956:, etc.) serving bi- and multi-nucleus 2284: 989:which is almost entirely underground. 277:, initially a cable-hauled line using 8266: 6899: 6828:. American Foundation for the Blind. 6486:from the original on 9 September 2008 6333: 6042:"Docklands Light Railway – About DLR" 6007:The Montreal Métro, a source of pride 5558: 5143:. Van Nostrand Reinhold. p. 75. 4775: 4634:"Luoyang and Ji'nan open metro lines" 4485: 4483: 4481: 3088:, perhaps with structural columns of 2937:but some systems in India, including 2618:Some urban rail lines are built to a 1496: 1183:The opening of London's steam-hauled 1144: 921:, mostly overground, is known as the 6925: 6720:(in Norwegian). Oslo: Baneforlaget. 5710:. UK Health & Safety Executive. 5595: 5391:"Helsinki Metro – Discover Helsinki" 5130: 5011:. Metro Rail Transit. Archived from 4776:Smith, Stephen J. (6 January 2014). 4412: 3822:Modal tradeoffs and interconnections 3722:Intermediate Capacity Transit System 3327: 2405:and baggage theft, and more serious 1446:has most of its lines converging on 1019:is known locally as "The T". In the 957:. Rapid transit systems such as the 275:West Side and Yonkers Patent Railway 47: 6682:Fjellstrom, K.; Wright, L. (2002). 5739:from the original on 6 January 2018 4349: 4323: 3673:if needed, or call for the correct 3108:. Here, construction starts with a 3104:Another tunneling method is called 2671:Nagoya Municipal Subway 3000 series 2539:opened publicly in London in 1863. 2519:in Hamburg is an example where the 2291:Classification of railway accidents 1044:systems that are called "subways". 940: 32:Mass rapid transit (disambiguation) 24: 8670:Naples underground geothermal zone 8090:Transit-oriented development (TOD) 5949:Tsuchiya, Takeyuki (7 July 2022). 4807:"Facts – Subway and Bus Ridership" 4478: 3798:, which opened in 1998. The older 3522:relatively small amounts on grand 3432:gap between the train and platform 3273:, North Korea (which doubles as a 2669:cars from the late-1960s, and the 2421:. In some countries a specialized 1479:communications-based train control 290:rapid transit systems in the world 25: 8825: 6863: 6822:American Foundation for the Blind 6763:. Transportation Security Board. 6342:Banister and Berechman, 2000: 258 4834:Fjellstrom&Wright, 2002: p. 2 4451:"Glossary of Transit Terminology" 4124:often depress nearby residential 3859:systems (trams) run on their own 3787:, followed by the Singapore MRT. 3724:(ICTS). It was later used on the 2735:, such as normal railway tracks. 2491: 2447: 2428:Some subway systems, such as the 1483:passengers per hour per direction 1117:name. Outside of Southeast Asia, 1047: 8246: 8100:Transportation demand management 6664:Safe & Sustainable Transport 6373:Science of the Total Environment 4758:from the original on 15 May 2010 4249: 4235: 4221: 4139:Rapid transit systems have high 3003:: Constructing a subway station 2970: 2961: 2675:Osaka Municipal Subway 10 series 2459:, such as this one installed by 2323:the Red Line (Tamsui-Xinyi Line) 2209:system. The main components are 2107: 2024: 1941: 1922: 1875: 1797: 1746: 1691: 1615: 1529: 1037:L (New York City Subway service) 981:, the term "El" is used for the 718: 343: 52: 6553: 6528: 6517:from the original on 2011-12-25 6497: 6423: 6393:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163691 6354: 6345: 6322:from the original on 2010-09-23 6308: 6299: 6267: 6236: 6207: 6193: 6182:from the original on 2006-12-02 6133: 6124: 6115: 6106: 6084: 6059: 6034: 5997: 5975: 5942: 5928:"Hudson and Manhattan Railroad" 5920: 5891: 5880:from the original on 2008-09-26 5865: 5832: 5814: 5803:from the original on 2008-12-20 5785: 5776: 5765:from the original on 2018-01-06 5751: 5725: 5714:from the original on 2014-01-27 5700: 5674: 5644: 5552: 5527: 5503: 5494: 5485: 5476: 5467: 5458: 5447:from the original on 2020-07-04 5433: 5422:from the original on 2020-07-05 5408: 5397:from the original on 2020-07-06 5383: 5374: 5363:from the original on 2018-09-07 5345: 5334:from the original on 2018-08-05 5316: 5291: 5280:from the original on 2012-02-29 5251:from the original on 2006-12-20 5233: 5222:from the original on 2012-11-22 5207: 5186: 5157: 5105: 5088: 5070: 5043: 5026: 5001: 4976: 4952: 4941:from the original on 2016-01-24 4923: 4876:from the original on 2007-09-30 4862: 4837: 4828: 4817:from the original on 2014-09-12 4799: 4769: 4738: 4727:from the original on 2018-10-23 4709: 4698:from the original on 2018-09-29 4680: 4669:from the original on 2018-11-20 4651: 4626: 4577:from the original on 2015-04-16 4552:from the original on 2014-10-17 4467:from the original on 2013-05-12 4392:from the original on 2013-07-20 3048:In one common method, known as 2933:Most rapid transit systems use 2840: 2825:, which can be built either as 2738:An alternate technology, using 1196:City & South London Railway 8716:Forestiere Underground Gardens 8579:Underground mining (soft rock) 8574:Underground mining (hard rock) 8559:Subsurface utility engineering 6623:History of the World's Subways 6142:Transportation Research Record 5245:Encyclopædia Britannica online 5140:City Traffic: A Systems Digest 5112:Pillay, Suzanna (2017-07-16). 4312: 3716:, originally developed by the 2859:, either via cable haulage or 2847:Railway electrification system 2814:, in Haifa, is an underground 2594:Most rapid transit trains are 953:is a shortened reference to a 323: 36:Rapid transit (disambiguation) 27:High-capacity public transport 13: 1: 7072:Autonomous Rail Rapid Transit 6453:10.1016/j.tranpol.2011.11.002 6176:"Metro Arts and Architecture" 5957:(in Japanese). Archived from 5914:10.1016/S0043-1648(02)00092-3 5563:. Spon Press. pp. 65–66. 4872:. Chambers Reference Online. 4870:"Definition of "Underground"" 4751:Railway Gazette International 4638:International Railway Journal 4595:Transport for London (1981). 4300: 3295:City and South London Railway 2658:K-series cars from 1958, the 2656:Hudson and Manhattan Railroad 2438:Tokyo subway sarin gas attack 1493:'s urban lines in Hong Kong. 892: 534:Passenger traffic terminology 165:, is a type of high-capacity 8569:Underground mine ventilation 8128:Passenger information system 6625:. New York: Newsweek Books. 6221:(in Swedish). Archived from 5581:. Washington: Island Press. 5272:Pulling, Niel (2008-05-22). 4931:"DC Metro System Fast Facts" 4305: 4130:transit oriented development 4071:Costs, benefits, and impacts 3910:Australian suburban networks 3419:" connected to the station. 2527:station is on a lower level. 2523:is on the surface while the 1295: 269:, and now forms part of the 256:public transport authorities 205:. Rapid transit systems are 201:– short for "elevated" – or 7: 8726:Underground House Las Vegas 7266:Demand-responsive transport 7164:Medium-capacity rail system 5708:"Office of Rail Regulation" 5214:Bolger, Paul (2004-11-22). 5034:"BEM Investor presentation" 4598:London Underground: History 4510:10.1080/0144164032000083095 4214: 4097:is high, as is the risk of 4030:In some cases, such as the 3457:Particularly in the former 3453:on the wall on Moscow Metro 3363: 2599:is commonly delivered by a 2257:With widespread use of the 2234:Some systems assign unique 265:which opened in 1863 using 181:can be regionally called a 169:that is generally built in 78:the claims made and adding 10: 8830: 8721:Underground House Colorado 8650:Underground City, Montreal 8645:Underground City (Beijing) 8029:Public transport timetable 7060:Passenger rail terminology 6760:Improving Transit Security 6667:. Paris: OECD Publishing. 6586: 6215:Storstockholms Lokaltrafik 5951:"昔の地下鉄は暑かった？車両「冷房化」の意外な歴史" 5782:Needle et al., 1997: 10–13 5538:. Routledge. p. 107. 5218:. Subterranea Britannica. 5009:"About Us – MRT3 Stations" 4074: 3938:Kuala Lumpur Rapid Transit 3825: 3790:As for larger trains, the 3695:véhicule automatique léger 3367: 2952: 2844: 2705: 2587: 2288: 2244:Changi Airport MRT station 1851:, Philadelphia (including 1500: 1205:Liverpool Overhead Railway 1160: 1156: 1151:grade separated light rail 1110:Metropolitan Rapid Transit 815:central business districts 763:Passenger rail terminology 760: 288:has the largest number of 161:, commonly referred to as 43:Metropolitan Express Train 40: 29: 8765: 8752:Hockerton Housing Project 8739: 8703: 8587: 8535: 8473: 8332: 8301: 8293:Man-made and man-related 8242: 8146: 8113: 8060:Green transport hierarchy 8042: 7996: 7960: 7919: 7797:Automated fare collection 7782: 7651: 7551: 7517: 7457: 7409: 7371: 7234: 7050: 6933: 6740:Transit Maps of the World 6092:"Skyline Rail Operations" 5822:"Supercharging Singapore" 5192:Emmerson, Andrew (2010). 4295:Rapid transit track gauge 4153:public service obligation 3806:will follow by 2023. The 3617:automatic train operation 3092:. In the oldest systems, 3082:explosions in Guadalajara 2701: 2583: 2248:Raffles Place MRT station 1129:systems which stands for 1071:, the acronym stands for 973:are generally called the 647:List of high-speed trains 8804:Passenger rail transport 8766:Earth shelters Australia 8546:underground construction 8095:Transportation authority 6805:. Taylor & Francis. 6778:Ström, Marianne (1998). 6614:Bobrick, Benson (1981). 6201:"Art on the Underground" 5874:"Toulouse Metro, France" 5303:Urban Transport Magazine 5051: 3769:automatic platform gates 3546:Crew size and automation 3018:At subterranean levels, 2867:and are built to run as 2776:Sapporo Municipal Subway 2688:Sapporo Municipal Subway 2479:in stations, as well as 1475:seated to standing ratio 1357: 1163:History of rapid transit 279:stationary steam engines 221:operate on an exclusive 8506:Missile launch facility 8159:Bus rapid transit creep 8105:Transportation planning 6716:Kjenstad, Rune (1994). 5577:Walker, Jarret (2012). 5098:Southeast Asian Affairs 4546:Encyclopædia Britannica 4101:and benefit shortfall; 4087:Docklands Light Railway 3906:Mumbai Suburban Railway 3845:Docklands Light Railway 3839:in London is shared by 3652:Docklands Light Railway 3613:automatic train control 3346:Docklands Light Railway 2827:straddle-beam monorails 2596:electric multiple units 2517:Landungsbrücken station 2500:Inside a tunnel on the 2317:are used for safety at 1177:King's Cross St Pancras 1113:, previously using the 1027:by its acronym "BART". 857:inspires names such as 853:in Swedish. The use of 821:inspires names such as 549:Railway nationalization 244:, magnetic levitation ( 234:electric multiple units 8731:Underground World Home 7857:Manual fare collection 7837:Farebox recovery ratio 7328:Personal rapid transit 6684:"Mass Transit Options" 6643:The Transit Metropolis 6571:. Urban Land Institute 6316:"World Metro Database" 6112:Uslan et al., 1990: 71 6030:on September 30, 2007. 5620:10.1098/rsif.2012.0259 5276:. Railway Technology. 5194:The London Underground 4285:Personal rapid transit 4180:farebox recovery ratio 4090: 3946:Bay Area Rapid Transit 3848: 3812:Disneyland Resort line 3781:Jubilee Line Extension 3760: 3604: 3566: 3454: 3387: 3382:station on Line 12 of 3304:, an extension of the 3185: 3182:Saint Petersburg Metro 3163:, Russia where in the 3154:air-conditioned trains 3142:tunnel-boring machines 3032:tunnel-boring machines 2835:Chongqing Rail Transit 2806:includes a section of 2528: 2509: 2468: 2349: 2334: 2307: 2187: 2164: 1732:San Francisco Bay Area 1516:of land with a set of 1400: 1389: 1377: 1309: 1180: 1025:Bay Area Rapid Transit 1021:San Francisco Bay Area 1017:Boston's subway system 963:Los Angeles Metro Rail 884: 845: 832: 806: 787: 776: 657:Longest train services 539:Named passenger trains 143: 135: 119: 8620:Kőbánya cellar system 8615:Houston tunnel system 8554:Rock-cut architecture 8214:Sustainable transport 8194:Passenger load factor 8009:Clock-face scheduling 7842:Free public transport 7694:Bus turnout (bus bay) 7391:Real-time ridesharing 7184:Platform screen doors 6799:White, Peter (2002). 5559:White, Peter (2002). 5357:The Transport Politic 4601:. Capital Transport. 4265:List of metro systems 4157:transport association 4084: 3835: 3765:platform screen doors 3755: 3728:in Vancouver and the 3595: 3553: 3471:contains many fossils 3444: 3436:platform screen doors 3390:Stations function as 3377: 3173: 2515: 2506:tunnel boring machine 2499: 2455: 2388:Platform screen doors 2343:platform screen doors 2341:Full-height enclosed 2340: 2313: 2298: 2181: 2142: 2135:Passenger information 1503:List of metro systems 1395: 1383: 1365: 1303: 1170: 1079:Integrated Mass Mode 1023:, residents refer to 983:Market–Frankford Line 793: 782: 770: 672:Platform screen doors 141: 125: 113: 8695:Subterranean fiction 8690:Subterranean warfare 8253:Transport portal 8189:Outline of transport 7882:Reduced fare program 7852:Integrated ticketing 7807:Contract of carriage 7618:Personal transporter 7174:Narrow-gauge railway 7022:Rail replacement bus 6718:På skinner i Bymarka 5872:Railway Technology. 5500:Ovenden, 2007: 36–39 5491:Ovenden, 2007: 28–31 5473:Ovenden, 2007: 32–35 4964:San Francisco Travel 4357:"Fact Book Glossary" 3879:were constructed as 3434:. Some stations use 2853:Metropolitan Railway 2790:given the increased 2727:, or other forms of 2660:New York City Subway 2622:as large as that of 2537:Metropolitan Railway 2508:can be clearly seen. 2114:Extended loop, e.g. 1948:Circle-radial, e.g. 1664:Philadelphia (SEPTA) 1605:Valencia (Venezuela) 1425:New York City Subway 1290:rapid transit system 1273:was opened in 2019. 1263:tunnels and stations 1185:Metropolitan Railway 1173:Metropolitan Railway 1032:New York City Subway 907:pedestrian underpass 725:Transport portal 677:Railway speed record 302:New York City Subway 263:Metropolitan Railway 142:Metro in the world: 128:New York City Subway 8685:Subterranean Toledo 8680:Subterranean London 8600:Caves of Maastricht 8564:Tunnel construction 8345:Burial vault (tomb) 8229:Transport economics 8024:On-time performance 8019:Night (owl) service 7719:Interchange station 7598:Horse-drawn vehicle 7386:Flexible carpooling 7194:Metro/Rapid Transit 6742:. London: Penguin. 6385:2023ScTEn.883p3691D 6225:on October 13, 2007 5689:on 7 September 2007 5095:Seah C. M. (1981). 4145:transit authorities 3989:Philadelphia Subway 3954:Seoul Subway Line 7 3808:North East MRT line 3747:2006 FIFA World Cup 3641:Grade of Automation 3559:North East MRT line 3386:has several levels. 2855:were powered using 2611:and others use the 2366:rear-end collisions 2315:Platform-edge doors 2304:Seoul Subway Line 6 2300:Seoul Fire Services 2285:Safety and security 2031:Complex grid, e.g. 1384:The coaches of the 1081:in English. In the 919:Tyne and Wear Metro 652:List of train songs 529:High-speed railways 482:Couplers by country 331:Part of a series on 310:Tokyo subway system 242:guided rubber tires 240:. Some systems use 8809:1863 introductions 8640:Underground living 8522:Underground hangar 7983:Standing passenger 7246:Auto rickshaw taxi 7216:Suspension railway 7199:Rubber-tyred metro 7122:Heritage streetcar 7027:Share taxi/Taxibus 6888:2018-09-29 at the 6616:Labyrinths of Iron 6296:White, 2002: 63–64 6256:on 17 October 2006 6130:Cervero, 1998: 226 6048:on 27 October 2006 5932:Electric Railroads 5850:Kjenstad, 1994: 46 5838:White, 2002: 64–65 5828:. 10 October 2015. 5650:Ovenden, 2007: 107 5082:2014-08-19 at the 4337:. 4 September 2024 4335:www.britannica.com 4275:Light rail transit 4173:government funding 4134:population density 4091: 4077:Transport planning 4032:London Underground 3973:London Underground 3849: 3841:London Underground 3828:Urban rail transit 3761: 3675:emergency services 3635:, opened in 1968. 3605: 3567: 3455: 3388: 3194:Hongyancun station 3186: 3024:traffic congestion 2987:section – part of 2831:suspended monorail 2808:rack (cog) railway 2686:(opened 1966) and 2632:London Underground 2624:main-line railways 2529: 2510: 2469: 2411:video surveillance 2362:Head-on collisions 2358:safety regulations 2350: 2335: 2308: 2236:alphanumeric codes 2188: 2165: 2157:Simplified Chinese 1497:Network topologies 1436:London Underground 1401: 1390: 1378: 1322:metropolitan areas 1310: 1201:London Underground 1189:pneumatic railways 1181: 1145:Broader definition 1131:Mass Rapid Transit 1115:Mass Rapid Transit 1088:Metro Rail Transit 842:in German, or the 807: 788: 777: 487:Coupler conversion 271:London Underground 151:mass rapid transit 144: 136: 120: 116:London Underground 63:possibly contains 8786: 8785: 8740:Earth shelters UK 8711:Bill Gates' house 8704:Earth shelters US 8474:Military features 8465:Ventilation shaft 8333:Civilian features 8260: 8259: 7952:Transport network 7942:Non-revenue track 7608:Inclined elevator 7543:Inclined elevator 7509:Inclined elevator 7134:Higher-speed rail 7077:Airport rail link 6960:Bus rapid transit 6854:978-0-618-08230-8 6835:978-0-89128-166-5 6812:978-0-415-25772-5 6791:978-2-86770-068-2 6770:978-0-309-06013-4 6749:978-0-14-311265-5 6727:978-82-91448-01-5 6674:978-92-821-1303-5 6653:978-1-55963-591-2 6607:978-0-419-25590-1 6351:Cervero, 1998: 26 6305:Cervero, 1998: 21 6020:978-2-921969-08-6 5826:The Straits Times 5735:. 30 April 2017. 5614:(75): 2540–2550. 5588:978-1-59726-972-8 5482:Ovenden, 2007: 95 5464:Ovenden, 2007: 84 5418:. 2 August 2017. 5393:. 19 March 2019. 5380:Cervero, 1998: 13 5202:978-0-74780-790-2 5150:978-0-442-29259-1 4908:Ovenden, 2007: 93 4855:978-0-618-08230-8 4608:978-0-904711-30-1 4498:Transport Reviews 4319:www.urbanrail.net 4270:Bus rapid transit 4136:in a metropolis. 4109:system with many 4036:London Overground 4005:London Overground 3851:Since the 1980s, 3837:Stratford Station 3816:South Island line 3682:line in Toronto. 3611:technologies for 3587:closed-circuit TV 3538:and a feeling of 3485:. The systems in 3333:Elevated railways 3328:Elevated railways 3189:Deepest stations: 2861:steam locomotives 2756:Mexico City Metro 2378:King's Cross fire 2275:Mexico City Metro 1593:Navi Mumbai Metro 1471:service frequency 1304:A station of the 1125:, have their own 1074:Moda Raya Terpadu 987:Broad Street Line 955:metropolitan area 771:A station of the 759: 758: 477:Railway couplings 460:Steam locomotives 267:steam locomotives 195:elevated railways 108: 107: 100: 65:original research 16:(Redirected from 8821: 8747:Underhill, Holme 8655:Mine exploration 8517:Underground base 8512:Scallywag bunker 8481:Air raid shelter 8460:Smuggling tunnel 8425:Underground city 8365:Dugout (shelter) 8302:Natural features 8287: 8280: 8273: 8264: 8263: 8251: 8250: 8169:Destination sign 8133:Platform display 8123:Destination sign 8080:Transit district 8075:Street hierarchy 8055:Complete streets 8050:Airport security 7932:Cross-city route 7877:Proof-of-payment 7847:Free travel pass 7338:Public light bus 7298:Hackney carriage 7117:Heritage railway 7102:Elevated railway 7097:Cross-city route 7017:Public light bus 6975:Cross-city route 6927:Public transport 6920: 6913: 6906: 6897: 6896: 6858: 6839: 6816: 6795: 6774: 6753: 6731: 6712: 6710: 6709: 6703: 6697:. Archived from 6688: 6678: 6657: 6646:. Island Press. 6611: 6580: 6579: 6577: 6576: 6566: 6557: 6551: 6550: 6548: 6547: 6538:. Archived from 6532: 6526: 6525: 6523: 6522: 6516: 6509: 6501: 6495: 6494: 6492: 6491: 6485: 6478: 6466: 6457: 6456: 6441:Transport Policy 6436: 6430: 6427: 6421: 6420: 6370: 6358: 6352: 6349: 6343: 6340: 6331: 6330: 6328: 6327: 6312: 6306: 6303: 6297: 6294: 6288: 6287: 6285: 6283: 6271: 6265: 6264: 6262: 6261: 6255: 6249:. Archived from 6248: 6240: 6234: 6233: 6231: 6230: 6211: 6205: 6204: 6197: 6191: 6190: 6188: 6187: 6172: 6166: 6165: 6137: 6131: 6128: 6122: 6121:Cervero, 1998: 8 6119: 6113: 6110: 6104: 6103: 6101: 6099: 6088: 6082: 6081: 6079: 6078: 6069:. Archived from 6063: 6057: 6056: 6054: 6053: 6044:. Archived from 6038: 6032: 6031: 6029: 6023:. Archived from 6012: 6001: 5995: 5994: 5992: 5990: 5979: 5973: 5972: 5970: 5968: 5962: 5955:Mainichi Shimbun 5946: 5940: 5939: 5924: 5918: 5917: 5908:(1–2): 130–139. 5895: 5889: 5888: 5886: 5885: 5869: 5863: 5860: 5851: 5848: 5839: 5836: 5830: 5829: 5818: 5812: 5811: 5809: 5808: 5789: 5783: 5780: 5774: 5773: 5771: 5770: 5755: 5749: 5748: 5746: 5744: 5729: 5723: 5722: 5720: 5719: 5704: 5698: 5697: 5695: 5694: 5678: 5672: 5669: 5663: 5662:Ovenden, 2007: 9 5660: 5651: 5648: 5642: 5641: 5631: 5599: 5593: 5592: 5574: 5565: 5564: 5556: 5550: 5549: 5531: 5525: 5524: 5522: 5521: 5507: 5501: 5498: 5492: 5489: 5483: 5480: 5474: 5471: 5465: 5462: 5456: 5455: 5453: 5452: 5437: 5431: 5430: 5428: 5427: 5412: 5406: 5405: 5403: 5402: 5387: 5381: 5378: 5372: 5371: 5369: 5368: 5349: 5343: 5342: 5340: 5339: 5320: 5314: 5313: 5311: 5310: 5295: 5289: 5288: 5286: 5285: 5269: 5260: 5259: 5257: 5256: 5237: 5231: 5230: 5228: 5227: 5211: 5205: 5190: 5184: 5183:Ovenden, 2007: 7 5181: 5170: 5161: 5155: 5154: 5134: 5128: 5127: 5125: 5124: 5109: 5103: 5102: 5092: 5086: 5074: 5068: 5067: 5065: 5064: 5047: 5041: 5040: 5038: 5030: 5024: 5023: 5021: 5020: 5005: 4999: 4998: 4996: 4995: 4980: 4974: 4973: 4971: 4970: 4956: 4950: 4949: 4947: 4946: 4927: 4921: 4915: 4909: 4906: 4897: 4894: 4885: 4884: 4882: 4881: 4866: 4860: 4859: 4841: 4835: 4832: 4826: 4825: 4823: 4822: 4803: 4797: 4796: 4794: 4793: 4773: 4767: 4766: 4764: 4763: 4742: 4736: 4735: 4733: 4732: 4713: 4707: 4706: 4704: 4703: 4684: 4678: 4677: 4675: 4674: 4655: 4649: 4648: 4646: 4645: 4630: 4624: 4623: 4621: 4620: 4611:. Archived from 4592: 4586: 4585: 4583: 4582: 4567: 4561: 4560: 4558: 4557: 4538: 4529: 4528: 4526: 4524: 4495: 4487: 4476: 4475: 4473: 4472: 4466: 4455: 4447: 4436: 4435: 4433: 4432: 4426: 4420:. Archived from 4419: 4410: 4401: 4400: 4398: 4397: 4378: 4372: 4371: 4369: 4367: 4353: 4347: 4346: 4344: 4342: 4327: 4321: 4316: 4259: 4254: 4253: 4252: 4245: 4240: 4239: 4231: 4229:Transport portal 4226: 4225: 4175:to cover costs. 4103:public financing 4048:Federal District 4017:KRL Commuterline 3950:Los Teques Metro 3902:KRL Commuterline 3863:, thus avoiding 3777:infrared sensors 3730:Kelana Jaya Line 3639:technically as " 3621:railway platform 3465:walls, polished 3358:Skyline Honolulu 3354:Bangkok Skytrain 3302:West Island line 3230:Hongtudi station 3150:air conditioning 3132:, where a thick 3114:tunneling shield 2985:East–West tunnel 2974: 2965: 2800:mountain railway 2679:MTR M-Train EMUs 2652:air conditioning 2615:for propulsion. 2461:Transit Wireless 2207:public transport 2111: 2028: 1945: 1926: 1879: 1801: 1750: 1695: 1619: 1533: 1409:Copenhagen Metro 1367:Ana Rosa station 1212:cities in Europe 1107:, it stands for 1085:, it stands for 959:Washington Metro 941:In North America 887: 848: 835: 795:Mabillon station 751: 744: 737: 723: 722: 423:Gauge conversion 347: 328: 327: 232:typically using 167:public transport 103: 96: 92: 89: 83: 80:inline citations 56: 55: 48: 21: 8829: 8828: 8824: 8823: 8822: 8820: 8819: 8818: 8789: 8788: 8787: 8782: 8778:Lightning Ridge 8761: 8735: 8699: 8583: 8544: 8531: 8501:Fallout shelter 8469: 8328: 8297: 8291: 8261: 8256: 8245: 8238: 8142: 8115: 8109: 8038: 7992: 7968:Checked baggage 7956: 7915: 7802:Bus advertising 7786: 7778: 7647: 7638:Trackless train 7581:Scooter-sharing 7576:Bicycle-sharing 7553: 7547: 7513: 7453: 7405: 7367: 7343:Pulled rickshaw 7313:Motorcycle taxi 7256:Combination bus 7237: 7230: 7144:Inter-city rail 7129:High-speed rail 7046: 6929: 6924: 6890:Wayback Machine 6882:Metro-Data.info 6866: 6861: 6855: 6836: 6813: 6792: 6784:. ACR Edition. 6771: 6750: 6728: 6707: 6705: 6701: 6686: 6675: 6654: 6638:Cervero, Robert 6608: 6589: 6584: 6583: 6574: 6572: 6564: 6558: 6554: 6545: 6543: 6534: 6533: 6529: 6520: 6518: 6514: 6507: 6503: 6502: 6498: 6489: 6487: 6483: 6476: 6470:MTR Corporation 6467: 6460: 6437: 6433: 6428: 6424: 6367: 6364:"Subways and CO 6359: 6355: 6350: 6346: 6341: 6334: 6325: 6323: 6314: 6313: 6309: 6304: 6300: 6295: 6291: 6281: 6279: 6272: 6268: 6259: 6257: 6253: 6246: 6242: 6241: 6237: 6228: 6226: 6212: 6208: 6199: 6198: 6194: 6185: 6183: 6174: 6173: 6169: 6154:10.3141/1677-09 6138: 6134: 6129: 6125: 6120: 6116: 6111: 6107: 6097: 6095: 6090: 6089: 6085: 6076: 6074: 6065: 6064: 6060: 6051: 6049: 6040: 6039: 6035: 6027: 6021: 6010: 6002: 5998: 5988: 5986: 5981: 5980: 5976: 5966: 5964: 5947: 5943: 5926: 5925: 5921: 5896: 5892: 5883: 5881: 5870: 5866: 5862:White, 2002: 64 5861: 5854: 5849: 5842: 5837: 5833: 5820: 5819: 5815: 5806: 5804: 5791: 5790: 5786: 5781: 5777: 5768: 5766: 5757: 5756: 5752: 5742: 5740: 5731: 5730: 5726: 5717: 5715: 5706: 5705: 5701: 5692: 5690: 5679: 5675: 5671:Ström, 1998: 58 5670: 5666: 5661: 5654: 5649: 5645: 5600: 5596: 5589: 5575: 5568: 5557: 5553: 5546: 5532: 5528: 5519: 5517: 5509: 5508: 5504: 5499: 5495: 5490: 5486: 5481: 5477: 5472: 5468: 5463: 5459: 5450: 5448: 5439: 5438: 5434: 5425: 5423: 5414: 5413: 5409: 5400: 5398: 5389: 5388: 5384: 5379: 5375: 5366: 5364: 5351: 5350: 5346: 5337: 5335: 5322: 5321: 5317: 5308: 5306: 5297: 5296: 5292: 5283: 5281: 5270: 5263: 5254: 5252: 5239: 5238: 5234: 5225: 5223: 5212: 5208: 5191: 5187: 5182: 5173: 5162: 5158: 5151: 5135: 5131: 5122: 5120: 5110: 5106: 5093: 5089: 5084:Wayback Machine 5075: 5071: 5062: 5060: 5053: 5049: 5048: 5044: 5036: 5032: 5031: 5027: 5018: 5016: 5007: 5006: 5002: 4993: 4991: 4990:(in Indonesian) 4982: 4981: 4977: 4968: 4966: 4958: 4957: 4953: 4944: 4942: 4929: 4928: 4924: 4916: 4912: 4907: 4900: 4896:White, 2002: 63 4895: 4888: 4879: 4877: 4868: 4867: 4863: 4856: 4842: 4838: 4833: 4829: 4820: 4818: 4805: 4804: 4800: 4791: 4789: 4774: 4770: 4761: 4759: 4744: 4743: 4739: 4730: 4728: 4715: 4714: 4710: 4701: 4699: 4692:metro-data.info 4686: 4685: 4681: 4672: 4670: 4657: 4656: 4652: 4643: 4641: 4632: 4631: 4627: 4618: 4616: 4609: 4593: 4589: 4580: 4578: 4569: 4568: 4564: 4555: 4553: 4542:"Rapid Transit" 4540: 4539: 4532: 4522: 4520: 4488: 4479: 4470: 4468: 4464: 4453: 4449: 4448: 4439: 4430: 4428: 4424: 4417: 4411: 4404: 4395: 4393: 4386:Merriam-Webster 4382:"Rapid transit" 4380: 4379: 4375: 4365: 4363: 4355: 4354: 4350: 4340: 4338: 4329: 4328: 4324: 4317: 4313: 4308: 4303: 4255: 4250: 4248: 4241: 4234: 4227: 4220: 4217: 4184:MTR Corporation 4159:, allowing for 4116: 4079: 4073: 3830: 3824: 3785:Hong Kong's MTR 3767:or half-height 3579:a single person 3548: 3424:platform height 3372: 3366: 3350:Miami Metrorail 3330: 3306:MTR Island line 3282:Washington Park 3275:nuclear shelter 3271:Pyongyang Metro 3247:Chongqing Metro 3242:Liyuchi station 3235:Chongqing Metro 3218:Admiralteyskaya 3199:Chongqing Metro 3184:has two levels. 3180:station of the 3106:bored tunneling 3016: 3015: 3014: 3013: 2995:underneath the 2977: 2976: 2975: 2967: 2966: 2955: 2849: 2843: 2710: 2704: 2636:deep tube lines 2592: 2586: 2494: 2475:in tunnels and 2450: 2415:security guards 2293: 2287: 2196:topological map 2173:corporate image 2137: 2130: 2112: 2103: 2029: 2020: 1946: 1937: 1927: 1918: 1880: 1871: 1802: 1793: 1751: 1742: 1728:Nizhny Novgorod 1698:X-shaped, e.g. 1696: 1687: 1620: 1611: 1534: 1505: 1499: 1491:MTR Corporation 1456:Koltsevaya Line 1375:São Paulo Metro 1360: 1298: 1165: 1159: 1147: 1123:Taoyuan, Taiwan 1050: 967:Miami Metrorail 943: 895: 773:Guangzhou Metro 765: 755: 717: 614: 563:Special systems 558: 524:Inter-city rail 509:Passenger train 434: 389:Railway station 366: 365: 326: 175:grade separated 104: 93: 87: 84: 69: 57: 53: 46: 39: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 8827: 8817: 8816: 8811: 8806: 8801: 8784: 8783: 8781: 8780: 8775: 8769: 8767: 8763: 8762: 8760: 8759: 8754: 8749: 8743: 8741: 8737: 8736: 8734: 8733: 8728: 8723: 8718: 8713: 8707: 8705: 8701: 8700: 8698: 8697: 8692: 8687: 8682: 8677: 8672: 8667: 8662: 8660:Mines of Paris 8657: 8652: 8647: 8642: 8637: 8635:Trench warfare 8632: 8630:Tunnel network 8627: 8625:Tunnel warfare 8622: 8617: 8612: 8607: 8602: 8597: 8591: 8589: 8588:Related topics 8585: 8584: 8582: 8581: 8576: 8571: 8566: 8561: 8556: 8550: 8548: 8533: 8532: 8530: 8529: 8524: 8519: 8514: 8509: 8503: 8498: 8493: 8488: 8483: 8477: 8475: 8471: 8470: 8468: 8467: 8462: 8457: 8452: 8447: 8442: 8440:Secret passage 8437: 8432: 8427: 8422: 8417: 8412: 8407: 8402: 8397: 8392: 8387: 8382: 8377: 8372: 8367: 8362: 8357: 8352: 8347: 8342: 8336: 8334: 8330: 8329: 8327: 8326: 8321: 8316: 8311: 8305: 8303: 8299: 8298: 8290: 8289: 8282: 8275: 8267: 8258: 8257: 8243: 8240: 8239: 8237: 8236: 8231: 8226: 8221: 8216: 8211: 8206: 8201: 8196: 8191: 8186: 8184:Land transport 8181: 8176: 8171: 8166: 8161: 8156: 8150: 8148: 8144: 8143: 8141: 8140: 8135: 8130: 8125: 8119: 8117: 8111: 8110: 8108: 8107: 8102: 8097: 8092: 8087: 8085:Transit police 8082: 8077: 8072: 8067: 8065:Rail subsidies 8062: 8057: 8052: 8046: 8044: 8040: 8039: 8037: 8036: 8031: 8026: 8021: 8016: 8011: 8006: 8000: 7998: 7994: 7993: 7991: 7990: 7985: 7980: 7975: 7970: 7964: 7962: 7958: 7957: 7955: 7954: 7949: 7944: 7939: 7937:Network length 7934: 7929: 7923: 7921: 7917: 7916: 7914: 7913: 7908: 7903: 7901:Ticket machine 7898: 7884: 7879: 7874: 7869: 7864: 7859: 7854: 7849: 7844: 7839: 7834: 7829: 7824: 7822:Fare avoidance 7819: 7814: 7809: 7804: 7799: 7793: 7791: 7780: 7779: 7777: 7776: 7771: 7766: 7761: 7756: 7751: 7746: 7741: 7736: 7731: 7726: 7721: 7716: 7711: 7706: 7704:Ferry terminal 7701: 7696: 7691: 7686: 7681: 7676: 7671: 7666: 7661: 7655: 7653: 7649: 7648: 7646: 7645: 7640: 7635: 7630: 7625: 7620: 7615: 7613:Moving walkway 7610: 7605: 7600: 7595: 7590: 7585: 7584: 7583: 7578: 7568: 7563: 7557: 7555: 7549: 7548: 7546: 7545: 7540: 7538:Moving walkway 7535: 7530: 7524: 7522: 7515: 7514: 7512: 7511: 7506: 7505: 7504: 7499: 7489: 7484: 7479: 7474: 7469: 7467:Aerial tramway 7463: 7461: 7455: 7454: 7452: 7451: 7446: 7441: 7436: 7431: 7426: 7421: 7415: 7413: 7407: 7406: 7404: 7403: 7398: 7393: 7388: 7383: 7377: 7375: 7369: 7368: 7366: 7365: 7360: 7355: 7350: 7345: 7340: 7335: 7330: 7325: 7320: 7315: 7310: 7305: 7300: 7295: 7290: 7285: 7280: 7279: 7278: 7273: 7263: 7261:Cycle rickshaw 7258: 7253: 7248: 7242: 7240: 7232: 7231: 7229: 7228: 7223: 7218: 7213: 7211:Street running 7208: 7203: 7202: 7201: 7191: 7186: 7181: 7176: 7171: 7166: 7161: 7156: 7151: 7146: 7141: 7136: 7131: 7126: 7125: 7124: 7114: 7109: 7104: 7099: 7094: 7089: 7084: 7079: 7074: 7069: 7068: 7067: 7056: 7054: 7048: 7047: 7045: 7044: 7039: 7034: 7029: 7024: 7019: 7014: 7009: 7004: 6999: 6998: 6997: 6987: 6982: 6977: 6972: 6967: 6962: 6957: 6956: 6955: 6950: 6939: 6937: 6931: 6930: 6923: 6922: 6915: 6908: 6900: 6894: 6893: 6878: 6877: 6873: 6872: 6865: 6864:External links 6862: 6860: 6859: 6853: 6840: 6834: 6817: 6811: 6796: 6790: 6775: 6769: 6754: 6748: 6732: 6726: 6713: 6679: 6673: 6658: 6652: 6634: 6612: 6606: 6590: 6588: 6585: 6582: 6581: 6552: 6527: 6496: 6472:(2008-08-05). 6458: 6431: 6422: 6365: 6353: 6344: 6332: 6318:. Metro Bits. 6307: 6298: 6289: 6278:. BFM Business 6266: 6235: 6206: 6192: 6178:. Metro Bits. 6167: 6132: 6123: 6114: 6105: 6083: 6058: 6033: 6019: 5996: 5974: 5963:on 6 July 2022 5941: 5919: 5890: 5864: 5852: 5840: 5831: 5813: 5799:(in Spanish). 5784: 5775: 5750: 5724: 5699: 5673: 5664: 5652: 5643: 5594: 5587: 5566: 5551: 5545:978-1138361959 5544: 5526: 5515:www.mtr.com.hk 5502: 5493: 5484: 5475: 5466: 5457: 5432: 5407: 5382: 5373: 5359:. 2018-01-17. 5344: 5330:. 2017-02-17. 5315: 5290: 5261: 5232: 5206: 5185: 5171: 5156: 5149: 5129: 5104: 5087: 5069: 5042: 5025: 5000: 4975: 4951: 4937:. 2013-11-03. 4922: 4910: 4898: 4886: 4861: 4854: 4836: 4827: 4798: 4768: 4754:. 4 May 2010. 4737: 4723:. 2017-02-17. 4708: 4679: 4665:. 2018-07-30. 4650: 4625: 4607: 4587: 4562: 4530: 4477: 4437: 4402: 4373: 4348: 4322: 4310: 4309: 4307: 4304: 4302: 4299: 4298: 4297: 4292: 4287: 4282: 4277: 4272: 4267: 4261: 4260: 4246: 4232: 4216: 4213: 4161:free transfers 4114: 4107:road transport 4075:Main article: 4072: 4069: 4013:JR Urban Lines 3958:agglomerations 3922:Shanghai Metro 3881:street-running 3826:Main article: 3823: 3820: 3775:do not, using 3705:, France, and 3680:Scarborough RT 3547: 3544: 3491:St. Petersburg 3401:side platforms 3380:Getafe Central 3368:Main article: 3365: 3362: 3329: 3326: 3290: 3289: 3286:MAX Light Rail 3278: 3266:Puhung station 3262: 3250: 3238: 3226: 3214: 3202: 3190: 3161:St. Petersburg 3110:vertical shaft 2979: 2978: 2969: 2968: 2960: 2959: 2958: 2957: 2956: 2954: 2951: 2947:overhead wires 2935:direct current 2900:Shanghai Metro 2889:overhead wires 2873:traction power 2869:multiple units 2865:electric power 2842: 2839: 2774:, such as the 2714:standard gauge 2703: 2700: 2684:Montreal Metro 2654:, such as the 2605:overhead wires 2585: 2582: 2542:High capacity 2493: 2492:Infrastructure 2490: 2449: 2448:Added features 2446: 2440:and the 2005 " 2430:Beijing Subway 2423:transit police 2407:violent crimes 2384:High platforms 2286: 2283: 2277:uses a unique 2184:Shenzhen Metro 2136: 2133: 2132: 2131: 2113: 2106: 2104: 2030: 2023: 2021: 1947: 1940: 1938: 1928: 1921: 1919: 1916:Washington, DC 1881: 1874: 1872: 1803: 1796: 1794: 1752: 1745: 1743: 1697: 1690: 1688: 1621: 1614: 1612: 1535: 1528: 1507:Rapid transit 1501:Main article: 1498: 1495: 1460:Beijing Subway 1421:Istanbul Metro 1397:Helsinki Metro 1359: 1356: 1318:agglomerations 1297: 1294: 1161:Main article: 1158: 1155: 1146: 1143: 1054:Southeast Asia 1049: 1048:In other areas 1046: 1042:North American 971:Montreal Metro 942: 939: 931:Glasgow Subway 894: 891: 833:Untergrundbahn 761:Main article: 757: 756: 754: 753: 746: 739: 731: 728: 727: 714: 713: 712: 711: 706: 684: 679: 674: 669: 664: 659: 654: 649: 644: 639: 634: 629: 621: 620: 616: 615: 613: 612: 607: 602: 601: 600: 590: 585: 580: 579: 578: 565: 564: 560: 559: 557: 556: 551: 546: 544:Rail subsidies 541: 536: 531: 526: 521: 516: 511: 506: 501: 496: 495: 494: 489: 484: 474: 469: 464: 463: 462: 452: 444: 443: 436: 435: 433: 432: 431: 430: 425: 420: 418:Variable gauge 410: 409: 408: 398: 397: 396: 386: 381: 373: 372: 371:Infrastructure 368: 367: 364: 363: 358: 352: 349: 348: 340: 339: 337:Rail transport 333: 332: 325: 322: 298:Shanghai Metro 238:railway tracks 213:, that unlike 132:metro stations 106: 105: 60: 58: 51: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 8826: 8815: 8812: 8810: 8807: 8805: 8802: 8800: 8799:Rapid transit 8797: 8796: 8794: 8779: 8776: 8774: 8771: 8770: 8768: 8764: 8758: 8755: 8753: 8750: 8748: 8745: 8744: 8742: 8738: 8732: 8729: 8727: 8724: 8722: 8719: 8717: 8714: 8712: 8709: 8708: 8706: 8702: 8696: 8693: 8691: 8688: 8686: 8683: 8681: 8678: 8676: 8673: 8671: 8668: 8666: 8663: 8661: 8658: 8656: 8653: 8651: 8648: 8646: 8643: 8641: 8638: 8636: 8633: 8631: 8628: 8626: 8623: 8621: 8618: 8616: 8613: 8611: 8608: 8606: 8605:Civil defense 8603: 8601: 8598: 8596: 8593: 8592: 8590: 8586: 8580: 8577: 8575: 8572: 8570: 8567: 8565: 8562: 8560: 8557: 8555: 8552: 8551: 8549: 8547: 8542: 8538: 8534: 8528: 8525: 8523: 8520: 8518: 8515: 8513: 8510: 8507: 8504: 8502: 8499: 8497: 8494: 8492: 8491:Blast shelter 8489: 8487: 8484: 8482: 8479: 8478: 8476: 8472: 8466: 8463: 8461: 8458: 8456: 8453: 8451: 8448: 8446: 8445:Semi-basement 8443: 8441: 8438: 8436: 8433: 8431: 8428: 8426: 8423: 8421: 8420:Utility vault 8418: 8416: 8413: 8411: 8408: 8406: 8405:Rock-cut tomb 8403: 8401: 8400:Rapid transit 8398: 8396: 8393: 8391: 8388: 8386: 8383: 8381: 8378: 8376: 8375:Earth shelter 8373: 8371: 8368: 8366: 8363: 8361: 8358: 8356: 8353: 8351: 8348: 8346: 8343: 8341: 8338: 8337: 8335: 8331: 8325: 8322: 8320: 8317: 8315: 8312: 8310: 8307: 8306: 8304: 8300: 8296: 8288: 8283: 8281: 8276: 8274: 8269: 8268: 8265: 8255: 8254: 8249: 8241: 8235: 8234:Micromobility 8232: 8230: 8227: 8225: 8222: 8220: 8217: 8215: 8212: 8210: 8207: 8205: 8202: 8200: 8197: 8195: 8192: 8190: 8187: 8185: 8182: 8180: 8179:Hail and ride 8177: 8175: 8172: 8170: 8167: 8165: 8162: 8160: 8157: 8155: 8152: 8151: 8149: 8145: 8139: 8136: 8134: 8131: 8129: 8126: 8124: 8121: 8120: 8118: 8112: 8106: 8103: 8101: 8098: 8096: 8093: 8091: 8088: 8086: 8083: 8081: 8078: 8076: 8073: 8071: 8068: 8066: 8063: 8061: 8058: 8056: 8053: 8051: 8048: 8047: 8045: 8041: 8035: 8032: 8030: 8027: 8025: 8022: 8020: 8017: 8015: 8012: 8010: 8007: 8005: 8002: 8001: 7999: 7995: 7989: 7986: 7984: 7981: 7979: 7976: 7974: 7971: 7969: 7966: 7965: 7963: 7959: 7953: 7950: 7948: 7945: 7943: 7940: 7938: 7935: 7933: 7930: 7928: 7925: 7924: 7922: 7918: 7912: 7909: 7907: 7904: 7902: 7899: 7896: 7892: 7888: 7885: 7883: 7880: 7878: 7875: 7873: 7870: 7868: 7865: 7863: 7860: 7858: 7855: 7853: 7850: 7848: 7845: 7843: 7840: 7838: 7835: 7833: 7830: 7828: 7825: 7823: 7820: 7818: 7815: 7813: 7810: 7808: 7805: 7803: 7800: 7798: 7795: 7794: 7792: 7790: 7785: 7781: 7775: 7774:Transport hub 7772: 7770: 7767: 7765: 7762: 7760: 7759:Train station 7757: 7755: 7754:Taxicab stand 7752: 7750: 7747: 7745: 7742: 7740: 7739:Park and ride 7737: 7735: 7734:Metro station 7732: 7730: 7727: 7725: 7722: 7720: 7717: 7715: 7712: 7710: 7707: 7705: 7702: 7700: 7697: 7695: 7692: 7690: 7687: 7685: 7682: 7680: 7677: 7675: 7672: 7670: 7667: 7665: 7662: 7660: 7657: 7656: 7654: 7650: 7644: 7641: 7639: 7636: 7634: 7631: 7629: 7626: 7624: 7621: 7619: 7616: 7614: 7611: 7609: 7606: 7604: 7601: 7599: 7596: 7594: 7591: 7589: 7586: 7582: 7579: 7577: 7574: 7573: 7572: 7569: 7567: 7564: 7562: 7559: 7558: 7556: 7550: 7544: 7541: 7539: 7536: 7534: 7531: 7529: 7526: 7525: 7523: 7520: 7516: 7510: 7507: 7503: 7500: 7498: 7495: 7494: 7493: 7490: 7488: 7485: 7483: 7480: 7478: 7477:Cable railway 7475: 7473: 7470: 7468: 7465: 7464: 7462: 7460: 7456: 7450: 7447: 7445: 7442: 7440: 7437: 7435: 7432: 7430: 7427: 7425: 7422: 7420: 7417: 7416: 7414: 7412: 7408: 7402: 7399: 7397: 7394: 7392: 7389: 7387: 7384: 7382: 7379: 7378: 7376: 7374: 7370: 7364: 7361: 7359: 7356: 7354: 7351: 7349: 7346: 7344: 7341: 7339: 7336: 7334: 7331: 7329: 7326: 7324: 7321: 7319: 7316: 7314: 7311: 7309: 7306: 7304: 7301: 7299: 7296: 7294: 7291: 7289: 7286: 7284: 7281: 7277: 7274: 7272: 7269: 7268: 7267: 7264: 7262: 7259: 7257: 7254: 7252: 7249: 7247: 7244: 7243: 7241: 7239: 7233: 7227: 7224: 7222: 7219: 7217: 7214: 7212: 7209: 7207: 7206:Regional rail 7204: 7200: 7197: 7196: 7195: 7192: 7190: 7187: 7185: 7182: 7180: 7177: 7175: 7172: 7170: 7167: 7165: 7162: 7160: 7157: 7155: 7152: 7150: 7147: 7145: 7142: 7140: 7137: 7135: 7132: 7130: 7127: 7123: 7120: 7119: 7118: 7115: 7113: 7110: 7108: 7105: 7103: 7100: 7098: 7095: 7093: 7090: 7088: 7087:Commuter rail 7085: 7083: 7080: 7078: 7075: 7073: 7070: 7066: 7063: 7062: 7061: 7058: 7057: 7055: 7053: 7049: 7043: 7040: 7038: 7035: 7033: 7030: 7028: 7025: 7023: 7020: 7018: 7015: 7013: 7010: 7008: 7005: 7003: 7000: 6996: 6993: 6992: 6991: 6990:Intercity bus 6988: 6986: 6983: 6981: 6978: 6976: 6973: 6971: 6968: 6966: 6963: 6961: 6958: 6954: 6951: 6949: 6946: 6945: 6944: 6941: 6940: 6938: 6936: 6932: 6928: 6921: 6916: 6914: 6909: 6907: 6902: 6901: 6898: 6891: 6887: 6883: 6880: 6879: 6875: 6874: 6871: 6868: 6867: 6856: 6850: 6846: 6841: 6837: 6831: 6827: 6823: 6820:Uslan, Mark; 6818: 6814: 6808: 6804: 6803: 6797: 6793: 6787: 6783: 6782: 6776: 6772: 6766: 6762: 6761: 6755: 6751: 6745: 6741: 6737: 6736:Ovenden, Mark 6733: 6729: 6723: 6719: 6714: 6704:on 2018-08-07 6700: 6696: 6692: 6685: 6680: 6676: 6670: 6666: 6665: 6659: 6655: 6649: 6645: 6644: 6639: 6635: 6632: 6631:0-88225-299-2 6628: 6624: 6621: 6617: 6613: 6609: 6603: 6600:. Routledge. 6599: 6598: 6592: 6591: 6570: 6563: 6556: 6542:on 2011-07-25 6541: 6537: 6531: 6513: 6506: 6500: 6482: 6475: 6471: 6465: 6463: 6454: 6450: 6446: 6442: 6435: 6426: 6418: 6414: 6410: 6406: 6402: 6398: 6394: 6390: 6386: 6382: 6378: 6374: 6369: 6357: 6348: 6339: 6337: 6321: 6317: 6311: 6302: 6293: 6277: 6270: 6252: 6245: 6239: 6224: 6220: 6216: 6210: 6202: 6196: 6181: 6177: 6171: 6163: 6159: 6155: 6151: 6147: 6143: 6136: 6127: 6118: 6109: 6093: 6087: 6073:on 2006-11-19 6072: 6068: 6062: 6047: 6043: 6037: 6026: 6022: 6016: 6009: 6008: 6000: 5984: 5978: 5961: 5956: 5952: 5945: 5937: 5933: 5929: 5923: 5915: 5911: 5907: 5903: 5902: 5894: 5879: 5875: 5868: 5859: 5857: 5847: 5845: 5835: 5827: 5823: 5817: 5802: 5798: 5794: 5788: 5779: 5764: 5760: 5754: 5738: 5734: 5728: 5713: 5709: 5703: 5688: 5684: 5677: 5668: 5659: 5657: 5647: 5639: 5635: 5630: 5625: 5621: 5617: 5613: 5609: 5605: 5598: 5590: 5584: 5580: 5573: 5571: 5562: 5555: 5547: 5541: 5537: 5530: 5516: 5512: 5506: 5497: 5488: 5479: 5470: 5461: 5446: 5442: 5436: 5421: 5417: 5411: 5396: 5392: 5386: 5377: 5362: 5358: 5354: 5348: 5333: 5329: 5325: 5319: 5304: 5300: 5294: 5279: 5275: 5268: 5266: 5250: 5246: 5242: 5236: 5221: 5217: 5210: 5203: 5199: 5195: 5189: 5180: 5178: 5176: 5169: 5165: 5160: 5152: 5146: 5142: 5141: 5133: 5119: 5115: 5108: 5100: 5099: 5091: 5085: 5081: 5078: 5073: 5059:on 2011-04-05 5058: 5054: 5046: 5035: 5029: 5015:on 2013-01-22 5014: 5010: 5004: 4989: 4985: 4979: 4965: 4961: 4955: 4940: 4936: 4932: 4926: 4919: 4914: 4905: 4903: 4893: 4891: 4875: 4871: 4865: 4857: 4851: 4847: 4840: 4831: 4816: 4812: 4808: 4802: 4787: 4783: 4779: 4772: 4757: 4753: 4752: 4747: 4741: 4726: 4722: 4718: 4712: 4697: 4693: 4689: 4683: 4668: 4664: 4660: 4654: 4639: 4635: 4629: 4615:on 2013-01-16 4614: 4610: 4604: 4600: 4599: 4591: 4576: 4572: 4566: 4551: 4547: 4543: 4537: 4535: 4519: 4515: 4511: 4507: 4503: 4499: 4494: 4486: 4484: 4482: 4463: 4459: 4452: 4446: 4444: 4442: 4427:on 2014-02-22 4423: 4416: 4413:UITP (2011). 4409: 4407: 4391: 4387: 4383: 4377: 4362: 4358: 4352: 4336: 4332: 4326: 4320: 4315: 4311: 4296: 4293: 4291: 4290:Regional rail 4288: 4286: 4283: 4281: 4278: 4276: 4273: 4271: 4268: 4266: 4263: 4262: 4258: 4247: 4244: 4243:Trains portal 4238: 4233: 4230: 4224: 4219: 4212: 4208: 4206: 4205:value capture 4201: 4197: 4193: 4189: 4185: 4181: 4176: 4174: 4170: 4166: 4162: 4158: 4154: 4150: 4146: 4142: 4137: 4135: 4131: 4127: 4123: 4118: 4112: 4108: 4104: 4100: 4096: 4088: 4083: 4078: 4068: 4066: 4061: 4057: 4053: 4049: 4045: 4041: 4037: 4033: 4028: 4026: 4022: 4021:Regional Rail 4018: 4014: 4010: 4009:Sydney Trains 4006: 4002: 3998: 3994: 3990: 3986: 3982: 3978: 3974: 3970: 3969:Berlin U-Bahn 3966: 3961: 3959: 3955: 3951: 3947: 3943: 3942:Guangfo Metro 3939: 3935: 3931: 3927: 3923: 3919: 3915: 3911: 3907: 3903: 3899: 3894: 3893:commuter rail 3889: 3887: 3882: 3878: 3873: 3868: 3866: 3862: 3861:rights-of-way 3858: 3854: 3846: 3842: 3838: 3834: 3829: 3819: 3817: 3813: 3809: 3805: 3801: 3797: 3793: 3788: 3786: 3782: 3778: 3774: 3770: 3766: 3759: 3754: 3750: 3748: 3745:time for the 3743: 3739: 3733: 3731: 3727: 3723: 3719: 3715: 3714:Innovia Metro 3712: 3708: 3704: 3700: 3696: 3692: 3688: 3683: 3681: 3676: 3672: 3668: 3663: 3661: 3657: 3653: 3648: 3646: 3642: 3636: 3634: 3633:Victoria line 3630: 3626: 3622: 3618: 3614: 3610: 3602: 3598: 3594: 3590: 3588: 3584: 3580: 3576: 3572: 3564: 3560: 3556: 3552: 3543: 3541: 3537: 3533: 3532:accessibility 3529: 3525: 3520: 3516: 3512: 3508: 3504: 3500: 3496: 3492: 3488: 3484: 3480: 3476: 3472: 3468: 3464: 3460: 3452: 3448: 3443: 3439: 3437: 3433: 3429: 3428:accessibility 3425: 3420: 3418: 3417:park and ride 3414: 3410: 3406: 3402: 3398: 3393: 3385: 3381: 3376: 3371: 3370:Metro station 3361: 3359: 3355: 3351: 3347: 3343: 3339: 3334: 3325: 3323: 3319: 3315: 3311: 3307: 3303: 3298: 3296: 3287: 3284: 3283: 3279: 3276: 3272: 3268: 3267: 3263: 3260: 3256: 3255: 3251: 3248: 3244: 3243: 3239: 3236: 3232: 3231: 3227: 3224: 3223:The Admiralty 3220: 3219: 3215: 3212: 3208: 3207: 3203: 3200: 3196: 3195: 3191: 3188: 3187: 3183: 3179: 3178: 3172: 3168: 3166: 3162: 3157: 3155: 3151: 3145: 3143: 3139: 3135: 3131: 3127: 3123: 3119: 3115: 3111: 3107: 3102: 3099: 3095: 3091: 3087: 3083: 3079: 3075: 3071: 3067: 3063: 3059: 3055: 3051: 3050:cut-and-cover 3046: 3044: 3039: 3037: 3033: 3029: 3028:Cut-and-cover 3025: 3021: 3012: 3008: 3007: 3002: 2998: 2997:Hooghly River 2994: 2993:Kolkata Metro 2990: 2986: 2982: 2973: 2964: 2950: 2948: 2944: 2940: 2936: 2931: 2929: 2925: 2921: 2917: 2913: 2909: 2905: 2901: 2897: 2892: 2890: 2886: 2882: 2878: 2877:overhead line 2874: 2870: 2866: 2862: 2858: 2857:steam engines 2854: 2848: 2838: 2836: 2832: 2828: 2824: 2819: 2817: 2813: 2809: 2805: 2801: 2796: 2793: 2789: 2785: 2781: 2777: 2773: 2769: 2765: 2761: 2757: 2753: 2749: 2745: 2741: 2736: 2734: 2730: 2729:precipitation 2726: 2722: 2718: 2717:railway track 2715: 2709: 2708:Railway gauge 2699: 2697: 2696:loading gauge 2691: 2689: 2685: 2680: 2676: 2672: 2668: 2664: 2661: 2657: 2653: 2648: 2647:piston-effect 2644: 2639: 2637: 2633: 2629: 2625: 2621: 2620:loading gauge 2616: 2614: 2610: 2606: 2602: 2597: 2591: 2590:Loading gauge 2581: 2578: 2572: 2570: 2566: 2562: 2557: 2553: 2549: 2545: 2540: 2538: 2534: 2526: 2522: 2518: 2514: 2507: 2503: 2498: 2489: 2487: 2482: 2478: 2474: 2466: 2462: 2458: 2454: 2445: 2443: 2439: 2435: 2431: 2426: 2424: 2420: 2416: 2412: 2408: 2404: 2403:pickpocketing 2400: 2396: 2391: 2389: 2385: 2381: 2379: 2375: 2371: 2367: 2363: 2359: 2355: 2348: 2347:Chennai Metro 2344: 2339: 2332: 2328: 2324: 2320: 2316: 2312: 2306:in March 2001 2305: 2301: 2297: 2292: 2282: 2280: 2276: 2272: 2269: 2266:standardized 2264: 2260: 2255: 2251: 2249: 2245: 2241: 2240:Singapore MRT 2237: 2232: 2229: 2225: 2221: 2217: 2212: 2208: 2204: 2201: 2197: 2193: 2185: 2180: 2176: 2174: 2170: 2162: 2158: 2154: 2150: 2146: 2141: 2129: 2125: 2121: 2117: 2110: 2105: 2102: 2098: 2094: 2090: 2086: 2082: 2078: 2074: 2070: 2066: 2062: 2058: 2054: 2050: 2046: 2042: 2038: 2034: 2027: 2022: 2019: 2015: 2011: 2007: 2003: 1999: 1995: 1991: 1987: 1983: 1979: 1975: 1971: 1967: 1963: 1959: 1955: 1951: 1944: 1939: 1936: 1932: 1929:Circle, e.g. 1925: 1920: 1917: 1913: 1909: 1905: 1901: 1897: 1893: 1889: 1885: 1882:Radial, e.g. 1878: 1873: 1870: 1866: 1862: 1858: 1854: 1850: 1846: 1842: 1838: 1834: 1830: 1826: 1822: 1818: 1814: 1810: 1806: 1800: 1795: 1792: 1788: 1784: 1780: 1776: 1772: 1768: 1764: 1760: 1756: 1749: 1744: 1741: 1737: 1733: 1729: 1725: 1721: 1717: 1713: 1709: 1705: 1701: 1694: 1689: 1685: 1681: 1677: 1676:Santo Domingo 1673: 1669: 1665: 1661: 1657: 1653: 1649: 1645: 1641: 1637: 1633: 1629: 1625: 1618: 1613: 1610: 1609:Yekaterinburg 1606: 1602: 1598: 1594: 1590: 1586: 1582: 1578: 1574: 1570: 1566: 1562: 1558: 1554: 1550: 1546: 1542: 1538: 1532: 1527: 1526: 1525: 1521: 1519: 1515: 1510: 1504: 1494: 1492: 1488: 1484: 1480: 1476: 1472: 1467: 1465: 1461: 1457: 1453: 1449: 1445: 1441: 1437: 1433: 1428: 1426: 1422: 1418: 1414: 1410: 1406: 1398: 1394: 1387: 1382: 1376: 1372: 1368: 1364: 1355: 1353: 1349: 1345: 1340: 1338: 1337:commuter rail 1334: 1329: 1327: 1323: 1319: 1315: 1307: 1302: 1293: 1291: 1287: 1286:Latin America 1283: 1279: 1274: 1272: 1268: 1264: 1260: 1256: 1252: 1248: 1244: 1240: 1235: 1233: 1232:New York City 1229: 1225: 1221: 1217: 1213: 1208: 1206: 1202: 1197: 1194:In 1890, the 1192: 1190: 1186: 1178: 1174: 1169: 1164: 1154: 1152: 1142: 1140: 1136: 1132: 1128: 1124: 1120: 1116: 1112: 1111: 1106: 1102: 1099:use the term 1098: 1094: 1090: 1089: 1084: 1080: 1076: 1075: 1070: 1066: 1063: 1059: 1055: 1045: 1043: 1038: 1033: 1028: 1026: 1022: 1018: 1014: 1010: 1006: 1002: 1001: 996: 995:commuter rail 992: 988: 984: 980: 976: 972: 968: 964: 960: 956: 952: 948: 947:North America 938: 936: 932: 928: 924: 920: 916: 912: 908: 904: 900: 890: 888: 886: 880: 876: 872: 868: 864: 860: 856: 852: 849: 847: 841: 839: 834: 828: 824: 820: 817:; the use of 816: 812: 804: 800: 796: 792: 786: 781: 774: 769: 764: 752: 747: 745: 740: 738: 733: 732: 730: 729: 726: 721: 716: 715: 710: 707: 704: 700: 696: 692: 688: 685: 683: 680: 678: 675: 673: 670: 668: 665: 663: 660: 658: 655: 653: 650: 648: 645: 643: 640: 638: 635: 633: 630: 628: 625: 624: 623: 622: 618: 617: 611: 608: 606: 603: 599: 596: 595: 594: 593:Rapid transit 591: 589: 586: 584: 581: 577: 574: 573: 572: 569: 568: 567: 566: 562: 561: 555: 552: 550: 547: 545: 542: 540: 537: 535: 532: 530: 527: 525: 522: 520: 519:Regional rail 517: 515: 514:Commuter rail 512: 510: 507: 505: 504:Bogie (truck) 502: 500: 497: 493: 492:Dual coupling 490: 488: 485: 483: 480: 479: 478: 475: 473: 472:Railroad cars 470: 468: 465: 461: 458: 457: 456: 453: 451: 448: 447: 446: 445: 442: 441:rolling stock 438: 437: 429: 426: 424: 421: 419: 416: 415: 414: 411: 407: 404: 403: 402: 401:Railway track 399: 395: 392: 391: 390: 387: 385: 382: 380: 377: 376: 375: 374: 370: 369: 362: 361:Company types 359: 357: 354: 353: 351: 350: 346: 342: 341: 338: 335: 334: 330: 329: 321: 319: 315: 311: 307: 303: 299: 295: 291: 287: 282: 280: 276: 272: 268: 264: 259: 257: 253: 249: 248: 243: 239: 235: 231: 226: 224: 220: 216: 212: 208: 204: 200: 196: 192: 188: 184: 180: 176: 172: 168: 164: 160: 156: 152: 148: 147:Rapid transit 140: 133: 129: 124: 117: 112: 102: 99: 91: 81: 77: 73: 67: 66: 61:This article 59: 50: 49: 44: 37: 33: 19: 18:Rapid Transit 8595:Cave dweller 8455:Storm cellar 8399: 8244: 8219:Timing point 8204:Request stop 8147:Other topics 8004:Bus bunching 7988:Travel class 7947:Radial route 7927:Circle route 7911:Transit pass 7872:Penalty fare 7832:Fare evasion 7827:Fare capping 7812:Dead mileage 7769:Transit mall 7492:Gondola lift 7271:Microtransit 7193: 7179:People mover 7092:Circle route 7007:Open top bus 6970:Circle route 6844: 6825: 6801: 6780: 6759: 6739: 6717: 6706:. Retrieved 6699:the original 6690: 6663: 6642: 6622: 6619: 6615: 6596: 6573:. Retrieved 6569:ULI Americas 6568: 6555: 6544:. Retrieved 6540:the original 6530: 6519:. Retrieved 6499: 6488:. Retrieved 6444: 6440: 6434: 6425: 6376: 6372: 6356: 6347: 6324:. Retrieved 6310: 6301: 6292: 6280:. Retrieved 6269: 6258:. Retrieved 6251:the original 6238: 6227:. Retrieved 6223:the original 6209: 6195: 6184:. Retrieved 6170: 6145: 6141: 6135: 6126: 6117: 6108: 6096:. Retrieved 6086: 6075:. Retrieved 6071:the original 6061: 6050:. Retrieved 6046:the original 6036: 6025:the original 6006: 5999: 5987:. Retrieved 5977: 5965:. Retrieved 5960:the original 5954: 5944: 5936:the original 5931: 5922: 5905: 5899: 5893: 5882:. Retrieved 5867: 5834: 5825: 5816: 5805:. Retrieved 5796: 5787: 5778: 5767:. Retrieved 5753: 5741:. Retrieved 5727: 5716:. Retrieved 5702: 5691:. Retrieved 5687:the original 5676: 5667: 5646: 5611: 5607: 5597: 5578: 5560: 5554: 5535: 5529: 5518:. Retrieved 5514: 5505: 5496: 5487: 5478: 5469: 5460: 5449:. Retrieved 5435: 5424:. Retrieved 5410: 5399:. Retrieved 5385: 5376: 5365:. Retrieved 5356: 5347: 5336:. Retrieved 5327: 5318: 5307:. Retrieved 5305:. 2019-05-29 5302: 5293: 5282:. Retrieved 5253:. Retrieved 5244: 5235: 5224:. Retrieved 5209: 5193: 5188: 5167: 5164:What is BRT? 5159: 5139: 5132: 5121:. Retrieved 5117: 5107: 5097: 5090: 5072: 5061:. Retrieved 5057:the original 5045: 5028: 5017:. Retrieved 5013:the original 5003: 4992:. Retrieved 4987: 4978: 4967:. Retrieved 4963: 4954: 4943:. Retrieved 4925: 4913: 4878:. Retrieved 4864: 4845: 4839: 4830: 4819:. Retrieved 4801: 4790:. Retrieved 4781: 4771: 4760:. Retrieved 4749: 4740: 4729:. Retrieved 4720: 4711: 4700:. Retrieved 4691: 4688:"Metro Data" 4682: 4671:. Retrieved 4662: 4653: 4642:. Retrieved 4640:. 2021-03-29 4637: 4628: 4617:. Retrieved 4613:the original 4597: 4590: 4579:. Retrieved 4565: 4554:. Retrieved 4521:. Retrieved 4501: 4497: 4469:. Retrieved 4429:. Retrieved 4422:the original 4394:. Retrieved 4376: 4366:29 September 4364:. Retrieved 4360: 4351: 4341:29 September 4339:. Retrieved 4334: 4325: 4314: 4257:Buses portal 4209: 4177: 4165:fare revenue 4138: 4119: 4099:cost overrun 4095:capital cost 4092: 4029: 3981:Tokyo subway 3977:Sydney Metro 3962: 3934:Taipei Metro 3930:Madrid Metro 3900:, Jakarta's 3890: 3869: 3850: 3847:(not shown). 3789: 3762: 3758:Sydney Metro 3734: 3711:Bombardier's 3694: 3684: 3664: 3649: 3637: 3615:and, later, 3609:computerized 3606: 3603:driver panel 3597:Prague Metro 3568: 3524:architecture 3459:Soviet Union 3456: 3421: 3389: 3384:Madrid Metro 3331: 3310:Sai Ying Pun 3299: 3291: 3280: 3264: 3252: 3240: 3228: 3222: 3216: 3204: 3192: 3175: 3158: 3146: 3124:may require 3118:ground water 3103: 3047: 3040: 3017: 3004: 3000: 2980: 2945:supplied by 2932: 2920:Shijiazhuang 2893: 2850: 2841:Motive power 2820: 2810:, while the 2797: 2740:rubber tires 2737: 2711: 2692: 2643:ceiling fans 2640: 2617: 2613:linear motor 2593: 2577:right-of-way 2573: 2569:Taipei Metro 2561:feeder lines 2541: 2530: 2477:DAS antennas 2473:leaky feeder 2470: 2457:DAS antennas 2427: 2399:petty crimes 2392: 2382: 2351: 2327:Taipei Metro 2319:Daan Station 2273: 2256: 2252: 2233: 2189: 2166: 1892:Buenos Aires 1740:Thessaloniki 1622:Cross, e.g. 1522: 1517: 1513: 1506: 1468: 1452:Moscow Metro 1432:Prague Metro 1429: 1404: 1402: 1344:trolleybuses 1341: 1330: 1311: 1275: 1271:Sydney Metro 1236: 1209: 1193: 1182: 1148: 1130: 1126: 1114: 1108: 1100: 1095:underground 1086: 1078: 1072: 1064: 1051: 1029: 1008: 1004: 998: 979:Philadelphia 974: 950: 944: 934: 922: 914: 910: 909:. The terms 902: 896: 882: 878: 874: 870: 866: 862: 858: 850: 843: 830: 826: 822: 810: 808: 785:Riyadh Metro 592: 439:Service and 318:Moscow Metro 294:route length 284:As of 2021, 283: 260: 245: 227: 223:right-of-way 202: 198: 190: 186: 182: 162: 158: 154: 150: 146: 145: 94: 85: 62: 8773:Coober Pedy 8665:Mole people 8610:Coober Pedy 8527:Spider hole 8410:Root cellar 8295:subterranea 8224:Transit map 8199:Public good 8116:and signage 7973:First class 7887:Smart cards 7862:Money train 7724:Kassel kerb 7684:Bus station 7472:Cable ferry 7439:Ocean liner 7419:Cable ferry 7276:Paratransit 7037:Transit bus 7032:Shuttle bus 6980:Express bus 6935:Bus service 6447:: 101–109. 6282:14 February 5052:桃園都會區大眾捷運系統 4988:Merdeka.com 4280:Megaproject 4200:real estate 4169:advertising 4141:fixed costs 4126:land values 4117:emissions. 3985:Jakarta MRT 3965:Paris Métro 3918:Dubai Metro 3877:interurbans 3792:Paris Métro 3699:Lille Metro 3687:light metro 3629:cab signals 3528:cleanliness 3519:Los Angeles 3409:underground 3344:, London's 3257:station in 3254:Park Pobedy 3209:station in 3177:Sportivnaya 3134:sedimentary 3076:mains, and 2943:25 kV 50 Hz 2939:Delhi Metro 2885:pickup shoe 2752:Paris Métro 2609:fourth rail 2556:Light metro 2502:Turin Metro 2370:derailments 2263:cell phones 2228:topological 2224:interchange 2211:color-coded 2192:transit map 2145:Tokyo Metro 2053:Mexico City 1908:Los Angeles 1825:Guadalajara 1660:Panama City 1444:Chicago 'L' 1440:Paris Métro 1413:Milan Metro 1386:Delhi Metro 1203:. The 1893 1083:Philippines 1052:In most of 1003:(short for 949:. The term 911:Underground 897:In most of 827:underground 803:Paris Métro 687:Terminology 632:Attractions 619:Miscellanea 455:Locomotives 413:Track gauge 406:Maintenance 324:Terminology 314:Seoul Metro 191:underground 171:urban areas 8793:Categories 8174:Dwell time 8164:Crush load 8114:Technology 8034:Short turn 7997:Scheduling 7961:Facilities 7749:Queue jump 7669:Bus garage 7571:Carsharing 7449:Water taxi 7429:Hovercraft 7381:Car jockey 7373:Carpooling 7348:Share taxi 7318:Marshrutka 7283:Dollar van 7226:Tram-train 7154:Light rail 7149:Interurban 7112:Heavy rail 7042:Trolleybus 7002:Marshrutka 6985:Guided bus 6708:2009-07-09 6575:2021-07-26 6546:2010-11-11 6521:2010-07-06 6490:2008-08-21 6379:: 163691. 6326:2013-11-17 6260:2006-12-04 6229:2008-08-20 6186:2006-12-04 6098:17 January 6077:2006-12-04 6052:2006-12-04 5884:2008-08-20 5807:2008-09-08 5769:2018-01-06 5718:2007-09-10 5693:2007-09-10 5520:2021-06-27 5451:2020-07-04 5426:2020-07-04 5401:2020-07-04 5367:2018-09-01 5338:2018-09-01 5309:2021-04-03 5284:2008-08-18 5255:2006-12-02 5226:2007-09-19 5123:2024-04-19 5118:NST Online 5063:2010-06-19 5019:2014-06-08 4994:2017-12-22 4969:2022-11-03 4945:2015-07-20 4920:, 2007: 16 4880:2006-11-28 4821:2014-09-21 4792:2014-09-21 4762:2010-05-04 4731:2018-11-20 4702:2018-09-28 4673:2018-11-20 4644:2021-06-07 4619:2013-01-02 4581:2015-04-24 4556:2014-11-28 4471:2013-07-31 4431:2014-02-16 4396:2013-07-31 4301:References 4211:per acre. 4194:and whose 4192:soft loans 4056:Washington 4040:California 3865:congestion 3857:light rail 3671:evacuation 3660:automation 3483:nautiluses 3322:escalators 3318:Mid-levels 3211:Kyiv Metro 2989:Green Line 2881:third rail 2845:See also: 2804:Lyon Metro 2782:system in 2772:guide rail 2764:flat tires 2742:on narrow 2706:See also: 2601:third rail 2588:See also: 2565:Wenhu Line 2533:technology 2465:NYC Subway 2419:conductors 2401:, such as 2397:problems: 2289:See also: 2220:timetables 1970:Copenhagen 1509:topologies 1417:Oslo Metro 1369:platform, 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