9139:
loan elements into Hindi/Urdu, in practice it is often difficult to separate these strands from one another. The Arabic (and also Turkic) lexemes borrowed into Hindi frequently were mediated through
Persian, as a result of which a thorough intertwining of Persian and Arabic elements took place, as manifest by such phenomena as hybrid compounds and compound words. Moreover, although the dominant trajectory of lexical borrowing was from Arabic into Persian, and thence into Hindi/Urdu, examples can be found of words that in origin are actually Persian loanwords into both Arabic and Hindi/Urdu.
620:
487:
1627:(2) Notwithstanding anything in clause (1), for a period of fifteen years from the commencement of this Constitution, the English language shall continue to be used for all the official purposes of the Union for which it was being used immediately before such commencement: Provided that the President may, during the said period, by order authorise the use of the Hindi language in addition to the English language and of the Devanagari form of numerals in addition to the international form of Indian numerals for any of the official purposes of the Union.
6397:
359:
15040:
14881:
407:
347:
15023:
431:
473:
443:
419:
395:
14869:
14893:
383:
14921:
1806:, was elected vice-president of Nepal. He took his oath of office in Hindi in July 2008. This created protests in the streets for 5 days; students burnt his effigies, and there was a general strike in 22 districts. Nepal Supreme Court ruled in 2009 that his oath in Hindi was invalid and he was kept "inactive" as vice-president. An "angry" Jha said, "I cannot be compelled to take the oath now in Nepali. I might rather take it in English."
14989:
371:
15006:
14972:
14955:
14857:
330:
14938:
636:
7637:... more words of Sanskrit origin but 75% of the vocabulary is common. It is also admitted that while this language is known as Hindustani, ... Muslims call it Urdu and the Hindus call it Hindi. ... Urdu is a national language evolved through years of Hindu and Muslim cultural contact and, as stated by Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru, is essentially an Indian language and has no place outside.
71:
7565:
Khanqah (Sufi school of thought) were situated along the Yamuna river (also called Jamuna). Thus, it came to be known as the Ganga-Jamuni tehzeeb, with the word "tehzeeb" meaning culture. More than communal harmony, its most beautiful by-product was "Hindustani" which later gave us the Hindi and Urdu languages.
7085:
High Hindi written in
Devanagari, having identical grammar with Urdu, employing the native Hindi or Hindustani (Prakrit) elements to the fullest, but for words of high culture, going to Sanskrit. Hindustani proper that represents the basic Khari Boli with vocabulary holding a balance between Urdu and
9138:
forms from
Sanskrit. The Persian and Arabic lexical elements in Hindi result from the effects of centuries of Islamic administrative rule over much of north India in the centuries before the establishment of British rule in India. Although it is conventional to differentiate among Persian and Arabic
7801:
Hindustani - term referring to common colloquial base of HINDI and URDU and to its function as lingua franca over much of India, much in vogue during
Independence movement as expression of national unity; after Partition in 1947 and subsequent linguistic polarization it fell into disfavor; census of
8920:
In the 1980s and '90s, at least three million
Afghans—mostly Pashtun—fled to Pakistan, where a substantial number spent several years being exposed to Hindi- and Urdu-language media, especially Bollywood films and songs, and being educated in Urdu-language schools, both of which contributed to the
1826:
must promote and ensure respect for Hindi along with other languages. According to a doctoral dissertation by Rajend
Mesthrie in 1985, although Hindi and other Indian languages have existed in South Africa for the last 125 years, there are no academic studies of any of them – of their use in South
1660:) led to the passage of the Official Languages Act of 1963, which provided for the continued use of English indefinitely for all official purposes, although the constitutional directive for the Union Government to encourage the spread of Hindi was retained and has strongly influenced its policies.
1642:
It shall be the duty of the Union to promote the spread of the Hindi language, to develop it so that it may serve as a medium of expression for all the elements of the composite culture of India and to secure its enrichment by assimilating without interfering with its genius, the forms, style and
7564:
The "Ganga-Jamuni tehzeeb" is one such instance of the composite culture that marks various regions of the country. Prevalent in the North, particularly in the central plains, it is born of the union between the Hindu and Muslim cultures. Most of the temples were lined along the Ganges and the
9133:
The primary sources of non-IA loans into MSH are Arabic, Persian, Portuguese, Turkic and
English. Conversational registers of Hindi/Urdu (not to mentioned formal registers of Urdu) employ large numbers of Persian and Arabic loanwords, although in Sanskritized registers many of these words are
1666:
stipulates that the official language commission shall be constituted every ten years to recommend steps for the progressive use of Hindi language and impose restrictions on the use of the
English language by the union government. In practice, the official language commissions are constantly
7136:
The linguistic and cultural ties between
Sanskrit and Urdu are deeply rooted and significant, said Ishtiaque Ahmed, registrar, Maula Azad National Urdu University during a two-day workshop titled "Introduction to Sanskrit for Urdu medium students". Ahmed said a substantial portion of Urdu's
7802:
1951 registered an enormous decline (86–98 per cent) in no. of persons declaring it their mother tongue (the majority of HINDI speakers and many URDU speakers had done so in previous censuses); trend continued in subsequent censuses: only 11,053 returned it in 1971...mostly from S India; .
7770:
During the time of
British rule, Hindi (in its religiously neutral, 'Hindustani' variety) increasingly came to be the symbol of national unity over against the English of the foreign oppressor. And Hindustani was learned widely throughout India, even in Bengal and the Dravidian south. ...
1647:
It was envisioned that Hindi would become the sole working language of the Union Government by 1965 (per directives in Article 344 (2) and Article 351), with state governments being free to function in the language of their own choice. However, widespread resistance to the
1583:
7771:
Independence had been accompanied by the division of former British India into two countries, Pakistan and India. The former had been established as a Muslim state and had made Urdu, the Muslim variety of Hindi–Urdu or Hindustani, its national language.
1984:, Hindi and Urdu are two registers of the same language and are mutually intelligible. Both Hindi and Urdu share a core vocabulary of native Prakrit and Sanskrit-derived words. However, Hindi is written in the Devanagari script and contains more direct
1995:
script and uses more Arabic and Persian loanwords compared to Hindi. Because of this, as well as the fact that the two registers share an identical grammar, a consensus of linguists consider them to be two standardised forms of the same language,
8010:
1602:
who even debated in Parliament on this issue. As such, on the 50th birthday of Beohar Rajendra Simha on 14 September 1949, the efforts came to fruition following the adoption of Hindi as the official language. Now, it is celebrated as
7051:
The national language of India and Pakistan 'Standard Urdu' is mutually intelligible with 'Standard Hindi' because both languages share the same Indic base and are all but indistinguishable in phonology and grammar (Lust et al.
1565:
script, by the Central Hindi Directorate of the Ministry of Education and Culture to bring about uniformity in writing, to improve the shape of some Devanagari characters, and introducing diacritics to express sounds from other
1643:
expressions used in Hindustani and in the other languages of India specified in the Eighth Schedule, and by drawing, wherever necessary or desirable, for its vocabulary, primarily on Sanskrit and secondarily on other languages.
1737:
Although there is no specification of a national language in the constitution, it is a widely held belief that Hindi is the national language of India. This is often a source of friction and contentious debate. In 2010, the
1620:
Part XVII of the Indian Constitution deals with the official language of the Indian Union. Under Article 343, the official languages of the Union have been prescribed, which includes Hindi in Devanagari script and English:
7615:
Persian became the court language, and many Persian words crept into popular usage. The composite culture of northern India, known as the Ganga Jamuni tehzeeb was a product of the interaction between Hindu society and
7197:
The position of Hindi-Urdu among the languages of the world is anomalous. The number of its proficient speakers, over three hundred million, places it in third of fourth place after Mandarin, English, and perhaps
9765:
1018:
in the world, after Mandarin, Spanish and English. If counted together with the mutually intelligible Urdu, it is the third most-spoken language in the world, after Mandarin and English. According to reports of
7104:
In terms of cross-linguistic relations, Urdu's combinations of Arabic-Persian orthography and Sanskrit linguistic roots provides interesting theoretical as well as practical comparisons demonstrated in table
9241:
8014:
6937:
9101:
Urdu is closely related to Hindi, a language that originated and developed in the Indian subcontinent. They share the same Indic base and are so similar in phonology and grammar that they appear to be one
6206:
Anucchēd 1 (ēk): Sabhī manuṣya janma sē svatantra tathā maryādā aur adhikārō̃ mē̃ samān hōtē haĩ. Vē tark aur vivēk sē sampanna haĩ tathā unhē̃ bhrātr̥tva kī bhāvanā sē paraspar kē pratī kārya karnā cāhiē.
5449:, Persian became the primary administrative language in the Hindi heartland. Persian borrowings reached a heyday in the 17th century, pervading all aspects of life. Even grammatical constructs, namely the
10211:
7538:
Chapman, Graham. "Religious vs. regional determinism: India, Pakistan and Bangladesh as inheritors of empire." Shared space: Divided space. Essays on conflict and territorial organization (1990): 106–134.
9177:
7683:
It might be useful to recall here that Old Hindi or Hindavi, which was a naturally Persian- mixed language in the largest measure, has played this role before, as we have seen, for five or six centuries.
7593:
But with the establishment of Muslim rule in Delhi, it was the Old Hindi of this area which came to form the major partner with Persian. This variety of Hindi is called Khari Boli, 'the upright speech'.
7218:
1542:
accepted Hindi as its sole official language, replacing Urdu, and thus became the first state of India to adopt Hindi. However, in 2014, Urdu was accorded second official language status in the state.
967:). Outside India, several other languages are recognised officially as "Hindi" but do not refer to the Standard Hindi language described here and instead descend from other nearby languages, such as
8505:
8371:
6151:
have all been disseminated via the internet. In 2015, Google reported a 94% increase in Hindi-content consumption year-on-year, adding that 21% of users in India prefer content in Hindi. Many Hindi
1625:(1) The official language of the Union shall be Hindi in Devanagari script. The form of numerals to be used for the official purposes of the Union shall be the international form of Indian numerals.
13417:
5505:
The emergence of Modern Standard Hindi in the 19th century went along with the Sanskritisation of its vocabulary, leading to a marginalisation of Persian vocabulary in Hindi, which continued after
6959:
11164:
9052:
11029:
14270:
9747:
6898:
6184:अनुच्छेद १(एक): सभी मनुष्य जन्म से स्वतन्त्र तथा मर्यादा और अधिकारों में समान होते हैं। वे तर्क और विवेक से सम्पन्न हैं तथा उन्हें भ्रातृत्व की भावना से परस्पर के प्रति कार्य करना चाहिए।
6767:
850:
7301:
6231:
All humans birth from independent and dignity and rights in equal are. They logic and conscience from endowed are and they fraternity in the spirit of each other towards work should.
13313:
6088:, who played a major role in establishing Standard Hindi in poetry and broadening the acceptable subjects of Hindi poetry from the traditional ones of religion and romantic love.
6704:
Urdu, like Hindi, was a standardized register of the Hindustani language deriving from the Delhi dialect and emerged in the eighteenth century under the rule of the late Mughals.
6243:
All humans are born independent and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with logic and conscience and they should work towards each other in the spirit of fraternity.
14265:
5096:) words: These are words which are spelled the same in Hindi as in Sanskrit (except for the absence of final case inflections). They include words inherited from Sanskrit via
8959:
1024:
8136:
8835:
7548:
9761:
5386:
words sometimes creates problems for native speakers. They may have Sanskrit consonant clusters which do not exist in Hindustani, causing difficulties in pronunciation.
8541:
5235:) words: These are words that were not borrowings from non-indigenous languages but do not derive from attested Indo-Aryan words either. Belonging to this category are
6823:
6792:
5367:
borrowings, especially in technical and academic fields. The formal Hindi standard, from which much of the Persian, Arabic and English vocabulary has been replaced by
7824:
The everyday speech of well over 50,000,000 persons of all communities in the north of India and in West Pakistan is the expression of a common language, Hindustani.
9207:
6945:
13412:
6868:
8413:
14610:
14338:
11016:
8160:
6295:
9185:
8335:
7347:
7117:
6743:
Two forms of the same language, Nagarai Hindi and Persianized Hindi (Urdu) had identical grammar, shared common words and roots, and employed different scripts.
1718:
in blocks and sub-divisions with more than 10% of the population speaking Hindi. Similarly, Hindi is accorded the status of official language in the following
8858:
7210:
1554:
Standardisation of grammar: In 1954, the Government of India set up a committee to prepare a grammar of Hindi; The committee's report was released in 1958 as
6131:
is the post-modernist period of Hindi literature, marked by a questioning of early trends that copied the West as well as the excessive ornamentation of the
6562:
14523:
13438:
13335:
8491:
8361:
14277:
14213:
13224:
8783:
9854:
7158:
1187:
is commonly used to specifically refer the modern literary Hindi language, as opposed to colloquial and regional varieties that are also referred to as
6970:
6368:
9056:
13330:
1839:. As a result of this status, the Indian workforce in UAE can file their complaints to the labour courts in the country in their own mother-tongue.
14343:
11336:
6846:
6279:
9743:
7500:
7321:
6890:
1893:, who speak Urdu, which, like Hindi, is a standard register of the Hindustani language; additionally, Indian media are widely viewed in Pakistan.
14319:
13405:
8394:
15115:
11369:
7858:
The Hindi film industry used the most popular street level version of Hindi, namely Hindustani, which included a lot of Urdu and Persian words.
5149:) words: Such words are typically earlier loanwords from Sanskrit which have undergone sound changes subsequent to being borrowed. (e.g. Hindi
1935:, where it is natively spoken at home and among their own Hindustani-speaking communities. Outside India, Hindi speakers are 8 million in
1015:
635:
7281:
6759:
6619:
15105:
14190:
13877:
6284:
857:
5393:, new words are coined using Sanskrit components to be used as replacements for supposedly foreign vocabulary. Usually these neologisms are
1923:
which hails from, or has its origin from the "Hindi Belt" of India. A substantially large North Indian diaspora lives in countries like the
14282:
13443:
10737:
10688:
1538:.In the late 19th century, a movement to further develop Hindi as a standardised form of Hindustani separate from Urdu took form. In 1881,
14743:
13841:
13340:
8656:
6649:
6580:
6300:
5070:
8891:
8312:
8241:
7259:
14528:
14287:
13836:
8209:
6061:
in 1888, is considered the first authentic work of prose in modern Hindi. The person who brought realism in Hindi prose literature was
14185:
13350:
8263:
7890:
Spoken Hindi is akin to spoken Urdu, and that language is often called Hindustani. Bollywood's screenplays are written in Hindustani.
3470:
1575:
15120:
13320:
6419:
5131:
word could be the Sanskrit non-inflected word-stem, or it could be the nominative singular form in the Sanskrit nominal declension.
1731:
14353:
14158:
14006:
14001:
13867:
13382:
13377:
13345:
10705:
10261:
6274:
1429:, and continues to be spoken as the common language of the people of the northern Indian subcontinent, which is reflected in the
953:
945:
5127:, "prayer"). Pronunciation, however, conforms to Hindi norms and may differ from that of classical Sanskrit. Amongst nouns, the
1409:, evolving into the present form of Hindustani. Hindi achieved prominence in India after it became the official language of the
959:
Hindi is also spoken, to a lesser extent, in other parts of India (usually in a simplified or pidginised variety such as Bazaar
14511:
13709:
13372:
13303:
10293:
8843:
8132:
6915:
2071:
9426:
in Urdu, which is typically not represented or pronounced in Hindi, except when the Urdu variant is transliterated into Hindi.
6609:
Singh, Rajendra, and Rama Kant Agnihotri. Hindi morphology: A word-based description. Vol. 9. Motilal Banarsidass Publ., 1997.
2070:
and is written from left to right. Unlike Sanskrit, Devanagari is not entirely phonetic for Hindi, especially failing to mark
15070:
14605:
14314:
13989:
13872:
13766:
13367:
13211:
13202:
11331:
10090:
10069:
10030:
10009:
9982:
9958:
9937:
9906:
9867:
9803:
9126:
9094:
8527:
8306:
7936:
7883:
7851:
7794:
7763:
7706:
7676:
7586:
7439:
7190:
7078:
7044:
6736:
6697:
6493:
6170:
4632:
6815:
6784:
15090:
14617:
14348:
10532:
8608:
8630:
8185:
5405:"television", literally "far-sight" have even gained some currency in formal Hindi in the place of the English borrowings
15100:
14909:
14504:
13862:
10527:
10266:
8439:
7610:
6966:
6258:
4157:
3019:
2025:
1657:
9550:
that is surrounded on both sides by schwas. Usually, the second schwa becomes silent, which results in an preceding an
8578:
6876:
14494:
13846:
11362:
10522:
9997:
8686:
7903:
4826:
1663:
1631:
1393:, which covered most of today's north India, eastern Pakistan, southern Nepal and Bangladesh and which resulted in the
831:
132:: 345 million speakers of Hindi and various related languages who reported their language as 'Hindi' (2011 census)
8712:
8150:
2005:
14248:
13677:
13672:
13259:
12895:
10248:
10131:
9833:
9688:
9655:
9630:
9605:
9275:
8818:
8116:
8087:
8056:
7985:
7735:
7632:
7481:
7412:
7353:
6453:
6428:
6110:
8464:
14639:
14454:
14175:
13682:
13400:
13308:
13298:
13277:
10681:
9027:
8985:
7182:
6289:
3921:
3759:
1823:
8868:
1742:
clarified that Hindi is not the national language of India because the constitution does not mention it as such.
14556:
14474:
14439:
14208:
13902:
10570:
10547:
6653:
6212:
6065:, who is considered the most revered figure in the world of Hindi fiction and progressive movement. Literary, or
5006:
4441:
4358:
2560:
2148:
1410:
8298:
Language Policy and Linguistic Minorities in India: An Appraisal of the Linguistic Rights of Minorities in India
7725:
2122:
comments, Palakodety et al., identified that 52% of comments were in Romanised Hindi, 46% in English, and 1% in
1667:
endeavouring to promote Hindi but not imposing restrictions on English in official use by the union government.
14533:
14258:
14180:
11768:
10637:
10179:
Academic Room Hindi Dictionary Mobile App developed in the Harvard Innovation Lab (iOS, Android and Blackberry)
9525:/ is in an onglide position between an onset consonant and a following vowel while , which may phonetically be
5187:) words: These are native Hindi words derived from Sanskrit after undergoing phonological rules (e.g. Sanskrit
4537:
4489:
4111:
746:
8947:
Most Afghans in Kabul understand and/or speak Hindi, thanks to the popularity of Indian cinema in the country.
1007:, another recognised register of Hindustani, as both Hindi and Urdu share a core vocabulary base derived from
610:
15085:
14326:
13642:
13355:
12547:
11585:
11355:
10002:
Handbook of the International Phonetic Association: a Guide to the Use of the International Phonetic Alphabet
9873:
8738:
7155:
4299:
3712:
2370:
1571:
529:
17:
8934:
5521:
written in the Devanagari script. Many words borrowed from Persian in turn were loanwords from Arabic (e.g.
580:
547:
15075:
14944:
12518:
12338:
12184:
11504:
11321:
10642:
9839:
9528:
8269:. Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities, Ministry of Minority Affairs, Government of India. Archived from
4728:
4393:
3610:
2017:
1819:
1426:
843:
672:
644:
307:
167:
9551:
9547:
9543:
9497:
9493:
15095:
15080:
13951:
13081:
13049:
12905:
11316:
10674:
9324:
9268:
A History of the Hindi Grammatical Tradition: Hindi-Hindustani Grammar, Grammarians, History and Problems
7713:"During the period of Mughal Empire, Hindi was used as an additional official language" (Kansal 1991:48).
6534:
6361:
6077:
and others. The rising numbers of newspapers and magazines made Hindustani popular with educated people.
4778:
4680:
4014:
2001:
1727:
929:
503:
14927:
6838:
1468:
words. Modern Hindi became a literary language in the 19th century. Earliest examples could be found as
14847:
14681:
13448:
12615:
10632:
10542:
10286:
9822:
7508:
6689:
5832:
Many Hindustani words were derived from Portuguese due to interaction with colonists and missionaries:
3251:
2880:
2096:
as its official system of writing Hindi in the Latin script. Various other systems also exist, such as
2083:
1968:
904:
755:
9718:
7819:
14627:
14516:
14459:
13704:
13250:
13195:
13054:
12755:
12729:
12168:
12052:
9526:
9330:
9322:
9314:
9306:
7214:
6070:
5509:
when the Indian government co-opted the policy of Sanskritisation. However, many Persian words (e.g.
5379:(pure Hindi), and is viewed as a more prestigious dialect over other more colloquial forms of Hindi.
4253:
4204:
2093:
1779:
1495:
1083:
508:
6396:
5075:
Traditionally, Hindi words are divided into five principal categories according to their etymology:
14600:
14499:
14464:
14253:
13723:
13562:
12950:
11714:
11326:
10350:
9680:
9332:
9308:
7552:
7148:
Mikael Parkvall, "Världens 100 största språk 2007" (The World's 100 Largest Languages in 2007), in
6627:
5340:
4873:
3805:
3344:
2802:
2464:
1924:
1236:
826:
604:
15029:
1943:; 450,170 in Mauritius; 380,000 in Fiji; 250,292 in South Africa; 150,000 in Suriname; 100,000 in
273:
15110:
14995:
14098:
13959:
13647:
10586:
9819:
8760:
8079:
6305:
6074:
5823:क़मीज़ ultimately comes from the Latin "camisia" pronunciation reinforced by Portuguese "camisa".
5316:
2926:
2183:
300:
172:
152:
89:
42:
7843:
7837:
2067:
1582:. To this end, several stalwarts rallied and lobbied pan-India in favour of Hindi, most notably
926:
14961:
14724:
14714:
14595:
14583:
14543:
14449:
14299:
13472:
13453:
13433:
13158:
13027:
12303:
12097:
11924:
11452:
10882:
10591:
10458:
10435:
10387:
9242:"Decision to make Urdu second official language in Bihar provokes furore from Maithil Brahmins"
7928:
6414:
6085:
3158:
2759:
1778:
as per the 1997 Constitution of Fiji, where it referred to it as "Hindustani"; however, in the
1000:
775:
157:
31:
10057:
9993:
9469:
Mainly phonemes of Urdu. Hindi speakers may replace , , , and with , , , and respectively.
8664:
7784:
7137:
vocabulary and cultural capital, as well as its syntactic structure, is derived from Sanskrit.
6657:
6588:
14803:
14778:
14773:
14233:
13776:
13632:
13458:
13272:
12828:
12641:
12127:
12092:
12087:
11919:
11432:
10760:
10742:
10617:
10554:
10279:
9316:
9151:
8904:
8296:
8233:
3518:
3391:
3111:
3065:
2277:
1587:
1579:
1430:
1203:
821:
798:
114:
10612:
9793:
9672:
8264:"Report of the Commissioner for linguistic minorities: 50th report (July 2012 to June 2013)"
7429:
2063:
1915:(people having roots in north-India but having migrated to Nepal over hundreds of years) of
15046:
14719:
14676:
14578:
14469:
14238:
14055:
13188:
13116:
13091:
12960:
12930:
12787:
12567:
12557:
12367:
11946:
11378:
11239:
11134:
10485:
10453:
10365:
10335:
8537:
7150:
6058:
6052:
5240:
5066:
5021:
2606:
1972:
1928:
1836:
1595:
1394:
1063:
984:
812:
679:
491:
486:
162:
8270:
5517:"self") have remained entrenched in Standard Hindi, and a larger amount are still used in
8:
14729:
14116:
13786:
13325:
13163:
12970:
12691:
12676:
12608:
12582:
12572:
12497:
12214:
12004:
11931:
11914:
11659:
11489:
11184:
10410:
10370:
10345:
10318:
9673:
8899:
8863:
7651:
Literature, Language, and Nation Formation: The Story of a Modern Hindi Journal 1900–1920
7036:
5426:
5278:
4065:
3967:
3875:
3298:
2973:
2089:
1997:
1649:
1635:
1527:
1499:
1422:
1232:
The sound changes that characterised the transition from Middle Indo-Aryan to Hindi are:
1139:"of or belonging to the Hindu/Indian people") was often used in the past, for example by
1079:
992:
960:
933:
896:
793:
652:
223:
177:
8216:
8029:
14897:
14793:
14666:
14661:
13913:
13608:
13360:
12975:
12888:
12853:
12625:
12143:
11881:
11571:
11499:
11494:
11139:
11099:
10992:
10697:
10313:
8496:
8155:
7921:
7122:
6938:"रिपब्लिक ऑफ फीजी का संविधान (Constitution of the Republic of Fiji, the Hindi version)"
6507:
6269:
6118:
5506:
5332:
5265:
from non-indigenous languages. The most frequent source languages in this category are
5197:
5039:
3204:
1976:
1802:, and further by 1,225,950 people as a second language. A Hindi proponent, Indian-born
1739:
1531:
1218:
1039:
952:
and an additional official language in three other states. Hindi is also one of the 22
784:
619:
289:
208:
9481:
Mainly phonemes of Hindi. Urdu speakers usually replace and with and respectively.
9436:
5118:, "name", as well as forms borrowed directly from Sanskrit in more modern times (e.g.
596:
14709:
14704:
14671:
14622:
14571:
14566:
14561:
14073:
14063:
13756:
13613:
13168:
12982:
12651:
12620:
12598:
12562:
12404:
12362:
12267:
12209:
11974:
11906:
11894:
11803:
11724:
11704:
11626:
11551:
11468:
11401:
11294:
11089:
11074:
11069:
10977:
10877:
10795:
10785:
10770:
10750:
10514:
10415:
10405:
10244:
10228:
10220:
10127:
10086:
10065:
10026:
10005:
9978:
9954:
9933:
9902:
9863:
9829:
9799:
9684:
9651:
9626:
9601:
9271:
9215:
9122:
9090:
8814:
8732:
8302:
8112:
8083:
8052:
7981:
7932:
7879:
7847:
7790:
7759:
7751:
7731:
7702:
7672:
7582:
7477:
7435:
7408:
7232:
7186:
7074:
7040:
6923:
6732:
6693:
6535:"Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996 – Chapter 1: Founding Provisions"
6511:
6499:
6489:
6449:
6424:
6106:
5456:
The status of Persian language then and thus its influence, is also visible in Hindi
4585:
1886:, Hindi emerged as a lingua franca among locals who speak over 50 dialects natively.
1883:
1799:
1759:
1719:
1711:
1448:
and the surrounding region, which came to replace earlier prestige languages such as
1425:. The Hindustani vernacular became an expression of Indian national unity during the
1055:
1051:
1043:
972:
900:
892:
13012:
12998:
10170:
9896:
9365:
to most English speakers although the dental and are used in place of the English
8105:
1222:
213:
14873:
14699:
14691:
14407:
14395:
14383:
14121:
14111:
14068:
13504:
13282:
13086:
13076:
13022:
12955:
12858:
12833:
12823:
12802:
12797:
12772:
12711:
12603:
12577:
12540:
12535:
12489:
12435:
12388:
12347:
12298:
12243:
12204:
12153:
12072:
12042:
11989:
11979:
11840:
11835:
11827:
11813:
11763:
11719:
11631:
11437:
11386:
11249:
11119:
11104:
11084:
11064:
11044:
10962:
10927:
10917:
10836:
10826:
10811:
10790:
10755:
10607:
10537:
10448:
10400:
10360:
10328:
9744:"Stop outraging over Marathi – Hindi and English chauvinism is much worse in India"
9382:
9368:
9354:
9340:
9086:
7380:
7004:
6481:
6480:, SpringerBriefs in Computer Science, Singapore: Springer Singapore, pp. 7–9,
6331:
6084:("Age of Dwivedi") in Hindi literature lasted from 1900 to 1918. It is named after
6062:
5987:
5422:
5320:
5308:
5274:
5266:
4240:
2749:
2500:
1859:), as well as an official language of the Government of India, along with English.
1771:
1763:
1683:
1670:
At the state level, Hindi is the official language of the following Indian states:
1485:
1457:
1406:
1132:
1059:
912:
803:
765:
760:
695:
387:
10216:
7376:
6335:
6325:
4983:
4943:
4896:
4849:
4801:
4751:
4703:
4655:
4608:
4560:
4512:
4464:
4416:
4322:
4276:
4227:
4180:
4134:
4088:
4037:
3990:
3944:
3898:
3828:
3782:
3735:
3698:
3670:
3633:
3589:
3541:
3493:
3452:
3414:
3367:
3321:
3274:
3227:
3181:
3134:
3088:
3042:
2996:
2949:
2903:
2863:
2825:
2782:
2723:
2676:
2629:
2583:
2536:
2487:
2440:
2393:
2346:
2300:
2253:
2206:
2000:
or Hindi-Urdu. Hindi is the most commonly used scheduled language in India and is
1904:, can also speak and understand Hindi-Urdu due to the popularity and influence of
1550:
After independence, the Government of India instituted the following conventions:
1213:
Like other Indo-Aryan languages, Hindi is a direct descendant of an early form of
624:
Distribution of L1 self-reported speakers of Hindi in India as per the 2011 Census
14656:
14648:
14588:
14363:
14243:
14106:
14088:
13931:
13921:
13751:
13652:
13557:
13534:
13509:
13267:
13131:
12965:
12920:
12807:
12777:
12734:
12686:
12646:
12552:
12502:
12473:
12451:
12383:
12293:
12253:
12219:
12163:
12158:
12117:
12102:
12082:
12077:
12067:
12057:
12047:
12019:
12009:
11999:
11994:
11969:
11964:
11959:
11936:
11860:
11855:
11850:
11845:
11808:
11729:
11654:
11610:
11566:
11561:
11546:
11541:
11484:
11447:
11442:
11299:
11264:
11224:
11219:
11214:
11194:
11189:
11179:
11154:
11129:
11124:
11039:
11002:
10997:
10987:
10947:
10937:
10932:
10907:
10892:
10851:
10841:
10816:
10805:
10477:
10443:
10420:
10184:
10020:
9972:
9948:
9927:
9923:
9843:
9595:
8501:
8073:
8046:
7975:
7696:
7655:...Hindustani, Rekhta, and Urdu as later names of the old Hindi (a.k.a. Hindavi).
7402:
7176:
7162:
7030:
6995:
Richard K. Barz (8 May 2007). "The cultural significance of Hindi in Mauritius".
6722:
6683:
6473:
6034:
6030:
5442:
5390:
2111:
1920:
1863:
1803:
1767:
1755:
1599:
1449:
1390:
1095:
1047:
1032:
968:
949:
770:
711:
144:
134:
10159:
8600:
6485:
15065:
14885:
14131:
14083:
13926:
13596:
13569:
13514:
13141:
12883:
12792:
12724:
12719:
12701:
12681:
12468:
12461:
12430:
12324:
12272:
12112:
12107:
12062:
12037:
12029:
11984:
11954:
11899:
11775:
11684:
11649:
11641:
11605:
11556:
11422:
11279:
11269:
11259:
11254:
11229:
11204:
11199:
11114:
11094:
11079:
11059:
11049:
10982:
10967:
10952:
10942:
10912:
10846:
10765:
10727:
10622:
10323:
10080:
9892:
9705:
One Language, Two Scripts: The Hindi Movement in Nineteenth Century North India
9496:
can surface as a trill in word-initial and syllable-final positions. Geminate
8634:
8192:
6114:
6091:
In the 20th century, Hindi literature saw a romantic upsurge. This is known as
5992:
Hindi literature is broadly divided into four prominent forms or styles, being
4999:
2037:
1852:
1691:
1282:
1214:
1028:
411:
246:
129:
7008:
1271:
Formation of nasalised long vowels from nasal consonants (-VNC- > -V̄̃C-):
15059:
14126:
13936:
13761:
13586:
13574:
13529:
13524:
13126:
12782:
12696:
12671:
12456:
11798:
11699:
11289:
11284:
11274:
11244:
11234:
11209:
11144:
10972:
10957:
10887:
10821:
10495:
10355:
10232:
9850:
9219:
8568:
7875:
7549:"Women of the Indian Sub-Continent: Makings of a Culture – Rekhta Foundation"
7264:
6503:
6015:
5446:
5236:
4379:
3566:
2653:
2513:
2417:
2323:
2230:
2169:
2021:
1940:
1867:
1848:
1699:
1591:
1578:
replacing the previous usage of Hindustani in the Perso-Arabic script in the
1503:
1441:
964:
917:
700:
573:
435:
10653:
8960:"Hindi most spoken Indian language in US, Telugu speakers up 86% in 8 years"
8753:
7282:"Hindi Added 100Mn Speakers In A Decade; Kashmiri 2nd Fast Growing Language"
7069:
Chatterji, Suniti Kumar; Siṃha, Udaẏa Nārāẏana; Padikkal, Shivarama (1997).
6045:, but to a degree also in Delhavi, the basis for Standard Hindi. During the
14880:
14861:
14424:
14331:
14136:
13941:
13809:
13601:
13539:
13519:
13121:
11889:
11174:
10627:
10490:
9968:
9422:
6472:
Palakodety, Shriphani; KhudaBukhsh, Ashiqur R.; Jayachandran, Guha (2021),
6033:
and the composition of long, epic poems. It was primarily written in other
4920:
2700:
1992:
1815:
1675:
1535:
1140:
689:
684:
478:
363:
279:
10047:
Shapiro, Michael C. (2001). "Hindi". In Garry, Jane; Rubino, Carl (eds.).
9053:"Hindi and Urdu are classified as literary registers of the same language"
8234:"The Official Languages Act, 1963 (as Amended, 1967) (Act No. 19 of 1963)"
6384:
564:
14798:
14419:
14414:
13969:
13662:
13579:
13235:
13215:
12199:
12014:
11520:
10897:
10395:
10022:
English Heart, Hindi Heartland: the Political Life of Literature in India
9394:
8366:
7302:"Hindi fastest growing language in India, finds 100 million new speakers"
6869:"PART A Languages specified in the Eighth Schedule (Scheduled Languages)"
6263:
6046:
6042:
5518:
5441:) and so Persian was simply an intermediary for Arabic. Later, under the
1981:
1948:
1897:
1715:
1703:
1653:
1169:
922:
447:
9019:
8977:
8011:"Bihar: The language tussle – Indiascope News – Issue Date: Jul 31, 19…"
7816:
Encyclopaedia Britannica: a new survey of universal knowledge, Volume 11
7607:
The Politics of Secularism: Medieval Indian Historiography and the Sufis
7455:
6204:
5429:. Early borrowings, beginning in the mid-12th century, were specific to
13974:
13489:
13180:
12308:
12277:
12248:
11347:
10902:
10463:
10340:
8573:
7581:. Urdu Markaz; Third World Foundation for Social and Economic Studies.
6389:
6253:
6164:
6093:
5397:
of English words already adopted into spoken Hindi. Some terms such as
4374:
2164:
2123:
2053:
1856:
1783:
1562:
1510:) by British colonists and indigenous people. He compiled and authored
1489:
1414:
1188:
976:
716:
255:
110:
76:
8133:"हिन्दी दिवस विशेष: इनके प्रयास से मिला था हिन्दी को राजभाषा का दर्जा"
7872:
The Longest August: The Unflinching Rivalry Between India and Pakistan
7322:"Hindi grew rapidly in non-Hindi states even without official mandate"
6362:"Scheduled Languages in descending order of speaker's strength - 2011"
14818:
14808:
14788:
14402:
14390:
14378:
13979:
13098:
13007:
12987:
11679:
11674:
11406:
10800:
10666:
10425:
8532:
6916:"Sequence of events with reference to official language of the Union"
6728:
6324:
Urdu transliteration. The Hindi variant is usually written as एतबार (
6192:
6152:
6148:
5368:
5331:
Hindi has naturally inherited a large portion of its vocabulary from
5312:
5262:
4384:
2174:
2141:
2105:
2033:
1956:
1932:
1905:
1695:
1687:
1604:
1473:
1434:
1418:
1104:
937:
589:
557:
539:
521:
423:
399:
218:
8440:"Hindi Isn't India's National Language. Why Does the Myth Continue?"
8072:
Choudhry, Sujit; Khosla, Madhav; Mehta, Pratap Bhanu (12 May 2016).
1786:" as the official language. It is spoken by 380,000 people in Fiji.
14892:
14868:
14813:
14763:
14758:
14753:
14373:
14038:
13494:
13241:
13229:
13136:
12878:
12229:
11694:
11689:
11669:
11427:
10922:
10831:
10500:
9178:"List of Official Languages of Indian States and Union Territories"
5999:
5171:
2115:
2013:
1988:
1912:
1890:
1507:
1465:
1398:
1240:
1155:
988:
705:
283:
267:
15012:
14978:
6169:
The following is a sample text in High Hindi, of Article 1 of the
14783:
14768:
14078:
13964:
13771:
13070:
12941:
12414:
12148:
11664:
11109:
11054:
10780:
7032:
Education, Ethnicity and Equity in the Multilingual Asian Context
6471:
6135:
movement, and by a return to simple language and natural themes.
6101:) and the literary figures belonging to this school are known as
6003:
5457:
5363:
Much of Standard Hindi's vocabulary is borrowed from Sanskrit as
5343:
of vowels preceding consonant clusters in Prakrit, e.g. Sanskrit
5097:
5080:
2119:
2059:
1952:
1875:
1707:
1679:
1523:
1402:
1008:
999:. Apart from the script and formal vocabulary, standard Hindi is
722:
375:
30:
This article is about Modern Standard Hindi. For other uses, see
10049:
An encyclopedia of the world's major languages, past and present
9929:
International Encyclopedia of Linguistics: AAVE-Esparanto. Vol.1
7100:
Primary Language Impact on Second Language and Literacy Learning
1931:, Trinidad and Tobago, Guyana, Suriname, South Africa, Fiji and
1299:
Collapsing of adjacent vowels (including separated by a hiatus:
14823:
14429:
13794:
13499:
12409:
12258:
12233:
11793:
11785:
11709:
11600:
11525:
10872:
10473:
8755:
A history of the Bhojpuri (or "Hindi") language in South Africa
8414:"70 years on, India is still fighting over a national language"
8362:"Kamtapuri, Rajbanshi make it to list of official languages in"
7352:. London: Routledge & K. Paul. p. 1514. Archived from
7221:
from the original on 29 July 2017 – via encyclopedia.com.
6038:
6011:
5994:
5450:
5394:
5270:
2101:
1944:
1461:
996:
732:
727:
261:
228:
38:
9762:"Hindi content consumption on internet growing at 94%: Google"
8836:"How Hindi became the language of choice in Arunachal Pradesh"
1794:
Hindi is spoken as a first language by about 77,569 people in
14903:
14828:
13799:
12122:
11149:
10101:
7577:
Matthews, David John; Shackle, C.; Husain, Shahanara (1985).
7064:
7062:
7060:
6144:
5430:
4351:
2041:
2029:
1936:
1916:
1901:
1879:
1835:
Hindi is adopted as the third official court language in the
1795:
1723:
1671:
1539:
1445:
1154:
trace back to Old Persian which derived these names from the
941:
908:
351:
335:
118:
100:
9371:
8892:"Languages as a Key to Understanding Afghanistan's Cultures"
8048:
Pluricentric Languages: Differing Norms in Different Nations
1281:
Loss of unaccented or unstressed short vowels (reflected in
13804:
13591:
12925:
12238:
10856:
9836:
9385:
8492:"There's no national language in India: Gujarat High Court"
6563:"Abu Dhabi includes Hindi as third official court language"
2097:
1775:
1751:
1453:
1004:
980:
666:
9415:
9408:
9208:"Bill recognising Urdu as second official language passed"
7963:. Karachi, Pakistan.: Oxford University Press. p. 41.
7404:
In the Bazaar of Love: The Selected Poetry of Amir Khusrau
7057:
6753:
6751:
2118:, is the dominant form of Hindi online. In an analysis of
1243:
consonants, sometimes with spontaneous nasalisation: Skt.
13017:
8412:
Choudhury, Sushmita; Sharma, Rajesh (15 September 2021).
8336:"West Bengal to have six more languages for official use"
8027:
7789:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 430 (Appendix I).
7570:
7431:
The Magic of Indian Cricket: Cricket and Society in India
7118:"Ties between Urdu & Sanskrit deeply rooted: Scholar"
1991:-derived words than Urdu, whereas Urdu is written in the
10271:
7260:"What census data reveals about use of Indian languages"
7098:
Yoon, Bogum; Pratt, Kristen L., eds. (15 January 2023).
6891:"How Hindi travelled to these five countries from India"
6029:
Medieval Hindi literature is marked by the influence of
70:
6748:
6296:
List of languages by number of native speakers in India
10051:. New England Publishing Associates. pp. 305–309.
9337:(as well as aspirated variants). Both sets sound like
7068:
1574:
adopted Hindi written in the Devanagari script as the
1464:
words from the Hindustani language and replacing with
1405:
base of Old Hindi became enriched with loanwords from
14845:
9648:
Institutions and Ideologies: A SOAS South Asia Reader
9597:
Institutions and Ideologies: A SOAS South Asia Reader
9156:
Department of Official Language - Governemtn of India
7730:. Institute of Objective Studies. 1997. p. 138.
7576:
7178:
The Teaching and Acquisition of South Asian Languages
6612:
5820:क़ानून ultimately comes from the Greek κανών (kanōn).
5100:
which have survived without modification (e.g. Hindi
1506:
of northern India (including what is now present-day
10189:(reprint ed.), LONDON: H. Milford, p. 1259
10182:
9357:
9343:
8395:"Hindi the first choice of people in only 12 States"
8215:(in Hindi and English). india.gov.in. Archived from
7142:
6266:– the official day to celebrate Hindi as a language.
5794:
5765:
5736:
5707:
5678:
5649:
5620:
5591:
5562:
5217:, "work") and are spelled differently from Sanskrit.
10243:. Leiden, Netherlands & New YorkY: E.J. Brill.
9795:
Colloquial Hindi: The Complete Course for Beginners
8937:. Gateway House: Indian Council on Global Relations
8071:
7918:
7839:
The media were American: U.S. mass media in decline
5806:
5777:
5748:
5719:
5690:
5661:
5632:
5603:
5574:
5481:
1078:originally was used to refer to inhabitants of the
882:
10210:
10186:A dictionary of Urdū, classical Hindī, and English
10168:
9946:
9112:
9110:
8104:
7920:
7320:Mishra, Mayank; Aggarwal, Piyush (11 April 2022).
6369:Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India
8926:
8784:"UAE introduces Hindi as third official language"
8601:"Fiji Hindi alphabet, pronunciation and language"
8563:
8561:
8559:
7961:From Hindi to Urdu A Social and Political History
7750:
7653:. University of California, Berkeley. p. 7.
1774:is spoken in Fiji. It is an official language in
1229:"corrupt"), which emerged in the 7th century CE.
15057:
10004:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 100–103.
8935:"Kabul Diary: Discovering the Indian connection"
8857:Gandapur, Khalid Amir Khan (19 September 2012).
6724:Hindi Christian Literature in Contemporary India
6716:
6714:
6712:
6569:. 10 February 2019 – via www.thehindu.com.
6280:Indian states by most spoken scheduled languages
5200:
1962:
1919:. Apart from this, Hindi is spoken by the large
1714:. It acts as an additional official language of
27:Standardised variety of Hindustani used in India
14320:Nanda Devi and Valley of Flowers National Parks
9107:
9005:
9003:
8811:Chutnefying English: The Phenomenon of Hinglish
8692:. Kathmandu: Central Bureau of Statistics. 2014
8411:
6994:
6960:"Caribbean Languages and Caribbean Linguistics"
6642:
1758:(an Eastern Hindi dialect) with influence from
10078:
9625:. Motilal Banarsidass Publishers. p. 38.
9047:
9045:
8556:
8288:
8202:
8075:The Oxford Handbook of the Indian Constitution
7977:Language, Religion and Politics in North India
7901:
7319:
7024:
7022:
7020:
7018:
6557:
6555:
5188:
5159:
5110:
2058:Hindi is written in the Devanagari script, an
2002:one of the two official languages of the union
1911:Hindi is also spoken by a large population of
1561:Standardisation of the orthography, using the
1163:
13878:Upper Gangetic Plains moist deciduous forests
13196:
11363:
10682:
10658:
10287:
10152:(2004 ed.), Oxford University Press, USA
9670:
9076:
9074:
8932:
8719:. Archived from the original on 18 March 2016
7973:
7598:
7233:"What are the top 200 most spoken languages?"
6758:Kawoosa, Vijdan Mohammad (22 November 2018).
6709:
6285:List of English words of Hindi or Urdu origin
1827:Africa, their evolution and current decline.
1208:
1086:
851:
10241:A History of the Hindi Grammatical Tradition
10157:
10060:. In Cardona, George; Jain, Dhanesh (eds.).
9671:Bhatia, Tej K.; Ritchie, William C. (2006).
9000:
8850:
8520:
8483:
8353:
7829:
6467:
6465:
6443:
5789:
5760:
5731:
5702:
5673:
5644:
5615:
5586:
5557:
1842:
1172:. The Greek cognates of the same terms are "
954:scheduled languages of the Republic of India
13842:Western Himalayan subalpine conifer forests
10267:Official Unicode Chart for Devanagari (PDF)
9953:. Concept Publishing Company. p. 120.
9947:Parthasarathy, R.; Kumar, Swargesh (2012).
9719:"9 Hindi words that sound just like Arabic"
9513:
9301:
9299:
9297:
9295:
9293:
9291:
9289:
9287:
9152:"THE OFFICIAL LANGUAGE POLICY OF THE UNION"
9116:
9042:
8921:decline of Dari, even among urban Pashtuns.
8151:"Hindi Diwas celebration: How it all began"
7912:
7807:
7669:History Of Printing And Publishing In India
7660:
7168:
7071:Suniti Kumar Chatterji: a centenary tribute
7015:
6677:
6675:
6552:
6375:
6301:List of Sanskrit and Persian roots in Hindi
6182:
6069:, Hindi was popularised by the writings of
5801:
5772:
5743:
5714:
5685:
5656:
5627:
5598:
5569:
5541:Loanwords from Persian derived from Arabic
5468:
5291:
5282:
5250:
5224:
5209:
5176:
5150:
5138:
5119:
5101:
5085:
5071:List of Sanskrit and Persian roots in Hindi
4967:
4927:
4880:
4833:
4785:
4735:
4687:
4639:
4592:
4544:
4496:
4448:
4400:
4306:
4260:
4211:
4164:
4118:
4072:
4021:
3974:
3928:
3882:
3812:
3766:
3719:
3682:
3654:
3617:
3573:
3525:
3477:
3436:
3398:
3351:
3305:
3258:
3211:
3165:
3118:
3072:
3026:
2980:
2933:
2887:
2847:
2809:
2766:
2707:
2660:
2613:
2567:
2520:
2471:
2424:
2377:
2330:
2284:
2237:
2190:
1889:Hindi is quite easy to understand for many
1498:was principally known for his study of the
1126:
1116:
874:
58:
13837:Western Himalayan alpine shrub and meadows
13203:
13189:
11370:
11356:
10689:
10675:
10294:
10280:
9645:
9593:
9562:
9560:
9520:
9518:
9489:
9487:
9414:
9407:
9071:
8933:Krishnamurthy, Rajeshwari (28 June 2013).
8883:
8294:
8180:
8178:
7671:. National Book Trust, India. p. 31.
7541:
7427:
7349:A comprehensive Persian-English dictionary
7299:
7279:
6997:South Asia: Journal of South Asian Studies
6720:
6412:
6049:, Hindustani became the prestige dialect.
4976:
4974:
4936:
4934:
4889:
4887:
4842:
4840:
4794:
4792:
4744:
4742:
4696:
4694:
4648:
4646:
4601:
4599:
4553:
4551:
4505:
4503:
4457:
4455:
4409:
4407:
4315:
4313:
4269:
4267:
4220:
4218:
4173:
4171:
4127:
4125:
4081:
4079:
4030:
4028:
3983:
3981:
3937:
3935:
3891:
3889:
3857:
3821:
3819:
3775:
3773:
3728:
3726:
3691:
3689:
3663:
3661:
3626:
3624:
3582:
3580:
3534:
3532:
3486:
3484:
3445:
3443:
3407:
3405:
3360:
3358:
3314:
3312:
3267:
3265:
3220:
3218:
3174:
3172:
3127:
3125:
3081:
3079:
3035:
3033:
2989:
2987:
2942:
2940:
2896:
2894:
2856:
2854:
2818:
2816:
2775:
2773:
2716:
2714:
2669:
2667:
2622:
2620:
2576:
2574:
2529:
2527:
2480:
2478:
2433:
2431:
2386:
2384:
2339:
2337:
2293:
2291:
2246:
2244:
2199:
2197:
1955:; 26,000 in Trinidad and Tobago; 3,000 in
1947:; 45,800 in the United Kingdom; 20,000 in
1576:official language of the Republic of India
858:
844:
618:
69:
9977:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
9477:
9475:
8859:"Has Hindi become our national language?"
7604:
7467:
7465:
7377:"Indo-Persian Literature and Amir Khusro"
7345:
7110:
7097:
6813:
6462:
6380:
6378:
936:, which itself is based primarily on the
13210:
11377:
10147:
10079:Snell, Rupert; Weightman, Simon (1989).
9932:. Oxford University Press. p. 481.
9898:Outline of Hindi grammar: With exercises
9891:
9465:
9463:
9461:
9459:
9457:
9284:
8856:
8751:
7863:
7835:
7744:
7642:
7621:
7421:
7400:
6836:
6672:
6420:Encyclopedia of Language and Linguistics
5401:"telephone", literally "far-speech" and
1732:Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu
13868:Himalayan subtropical broadleaf forests
10055:
10046:
9922:
9750:from the original on 19 September 2015.
9716:
9557:
9484:
8808:
8687:"Population Monograph of Nepal, Vol. 2"
8528:"Hindi, not a national language: Court"
8465:"Why Hindi isn't the national language"
8437:
8256:
8175:
8139:from the original on 11 September 2017.
7813:
7666:
7629:Indian Journal of Social Work, Volume 4
7174:
7028:
6910:
6908:
6839:"India's Evolving Linguistic Landscape"
6757:
6529:
6527:
6275:Languages with official status in India
2004:, the other being English. Urdu is the
1908:films, songs and actors in the region.
1882:who speak other languages natively. In
1830:
14:
15058:
10696:
10208:
10117:
10018:
9967:
9950:Bihar Tourism: Retrospect and Prospect
9791:
9764:. The Economic Times. 18 August 2015.
9472:
9265:
9175:
9117:Jain, Danesh; Cardona, George (2007).
9080:
8889:
8710:
8661:Official site of the Fijian Government
8102:
7958:
7782:
7471:
7462:
6901:from the original on 29 December 2022.
6826:from the original on 23 November 2022.
6408:
6406:
5494:What is mirror to a hand with bangles,
5239:words or ones borrowed from local non-
2018:one of 22 scheduled languages of India
1652:on non-native speakers, especially in
1516:A Grammar of the Hindoostanee Language
1062:in the fourth place, according to the
13184:
11351:
10670:
10657:
10275:
9991:
9901:(3. ed.). Oxford: Clarendon Pr.
9768:from the original on 15 February 2018
9707:. New Delhi: Oxford University Press.
9620:
9508:
9506:
9454:
9239:
8988:from the original on 11 February 2017
8581:from the original on 11 February 2017
8244:from the original on 16 December 2016
8044:
7927:. Stanford University Press. p.
7495:
7493:
6795:from the original on 16 December 2019
6779:
6777:
6770:from the original on 15 October 2022.
6478:Low Resource Social Media Text Mining
6334:transliterates this term as ए'तिबार (
6171:Universal Declaration of Human Rights
5339:words. This process usually involves
88:
15106:Languages written in Brahmic scripts
14910:
10533:Anti-Hindi agitations of West Bengal
10172:A practical Hindi-English dictionary
9849:
9792:Bhatia, Tej K. (11 September 2002).
9030:from the original on 1 February 2017
8813:. Penguin Books India. p. 128.
8489:
8163:from the original on 8 February 2017
7869:
7756:Principles of Historical Linguistics
7648:
6952:
6905:
6681:
6524:
6448:. Evincepub publishing. p. 43.
5425:influence, standardised from spoken
1545:
1395:contact of Hindu and Muslim cultures
13863:Western Himalayan broadleaf forests
10528:Anti-Hindi agitations of Tamil Nadu
10099:
9862:. Springfield, VA: Dunwoody Press.
9717:Khalife, Leyal (25 December 2016).
9646:Arnold, David; Robb, Peter (2013).
9594:Arnold, David; Robb, Peter (2013).
8833:
8392:
8359:
8333:
7842:. Oxford University Press. p.
7280:Pallapothu, Sravan (28 June 2018).
6988:
6967:University of the West Indies Press
6814:Saravanan, Depak (9 October 2018).
6785:"How many Indians can you talk to?"
6403:
6259:Bengali Language Movement (Manbhum)
5790:
5761:
5732:
5703:
5674:
5645:
5616:
5587:
5558:
5255:
5229:
5181:
5143:
5090:
1706:. Hindi is an official language of
1526:of Hindustani was published in the
1136:
1087:
24:
13847:Himalayan subtropical pine forests
10523:Anti-Hindi agitations of Karnataka
10202:
10175:, Delhi: National Publishing House
10161:Learners' Hindi-English dictionary
10025:. University of California Press.
9998:International Phonetic Association
9503:
9240:Ahmed, Farzand (17 January 2014).
8508:from the original on 18 March 2014
8374:from the original on 30 March 2018
8315:from the original on 25 April 2016
8301:. LIT Verlag Münster. p. 89.
8028:Central Hindi Directorate (2011).
7776:
7758:. Walter de Gruyter. p. 475.
7490:
7401:Losensky, Paul E. (15 July 2013).
7346:Steingass, Francis Joseph (1892).
6830:
6816:"Hindi and the North-South divide"
6774:
6760:"How languages intersect in India"
6474:"Low Resource Machine Translation"
5307:Hindi also makes extensive use of
5032:(placed before stressed syllable)
1610:
1023:(2022, 25th edition) Hindi is the
979:, which has an official status in
25:
15132:
14572:Dehradun–Haridwar–Rishikesh Metro
13873:Terai–Duar savanna and grasslands
13678:United Provinces of Agra and Oudh
13673:United Provinces of Agra and Oudh
10255:
10126:]. Allahabad: Kitab Pustika.
9512:occurs as an allophone of when /
9421:
8633:. servat.unibe.ch. Archived from
8360:Roy, Anirban (28 February 2018).
7905:A PRIMER OF MODERN STANDARD HINDI
7694:
7633:Tata Institute of Social Sciences
7257:
5050:(placed after doubled consonant)
5038:
5020:
4919:
4872:
4825:
4777:
4727:
4679:
4631:
4584:
4536:
4488:
4440:
4392:
4298:
4252:
4203:
4156:
4110:
4064:
4013:
3966:
3920:
3874:
3804:
3758:
3711:
3609:
3565:
3517:
3469:
3390:
3343:
3297:
3250:
3203:
3157:
3110:
3064:
3018:
2972:
2925:
2879:
2801:
2758:
2699:
2652:
2605:
2559:
2512:
2463:
2416:
2369:
2322:
2276:
2229:
2182:
2020:, also having official status in
1814:Hindi is a protected language in
1456:. It was developed by extracting
1016:fourth most-spoken first language
944:and neighbouring areas. It is an
15038:
15021:
15004:
14987:
14970:
14953:
14936:
14919:
14891:
14879:
14867:
14855:
14339:Monuments of National Importance
13073:(unknown further classification)
10219:; Matringe, Denis; Nawas, John;
9754:
9736:
9710:
9697:
9664:
9639:
9614:
9587:
9578:
9569:
9536:
9429:
9400:
9381:
9367:
9353:
9339:
9259:
9233:
9200:
9169:
9144:
8631:"Section 4 of Fiji Constitution"
8611:from the original on 8 June 2017
8544:from the original on 4 July 2014
8103:Grewal, J. S. (8 October 1998).
7374:
7183:University of Pennsylvania Press
7102:. Lexington Books. p. 198.
6849:from the original on 1 June 2019
6395:
6318:
6290:List of Hindi channels in Europe
5421:Hindi also features significant
1824:Pan South African Language Board
1512:An English-Hindustani Dictionary
634:
485:
471:
441:
429:
417:
405:
393:
381:
369:
357:
345:
328:
15121:Languages written in Devanagari
14354:Tourist attractions in Dehradun
10571:Department of Official Language
10548:Hindutva boycott of Hindi films
10150:Oxford Hindi–English Dictionary
10141:
10064:. Routledge. pp. 250–285.
9784:
9679:. John Wiley and Sons. p.
9305:Hindi and Urdu contrast dental
9012:
8970:
8952:
8827:
8802:
8776:
8745:
8704:
8679:
8649:
8623:
8593:
8490:Khan, Saeed (25 January 2010).
8457:
8431:
8405:
8386:
8327:
8238:Department of Official Language
8226:
8143:
8125:
8096:
8065:
8038:
8031:A Basic Grammar of Modern Hindi
8021:
8003:
7994:
7967:
7952:
7895:
7718:
7688:
7611:University of Wisconsin–Madison
7532:
7523:
7448:
7394:
7368:
7339:
7250:
7225:
7203:
7091:
6930:
6920:Department of Official Language
6883:
6861:
6807:
6654:North Carolina State University
5453:, were assimilated into Hindi.
5201:
2077:
1809:
1556:A Basic Grammar of Modern Hindi
1492:during the early 19th century.
1440:Standard Hindi is based on the
1257:Loss of all word-final vowels:
1180:" (for the land of the river).
1102:), meaning "of or belonging to
494:(third official court language)
14611:Institutes of higher education
10227:(3rd ed.). Brill Online.
10085:(2003 ed.). McGraw-Hill.
9437:"Meaning of etibar in English"
9176:Javaid, Arfa (23 June 2021) .
8713:"Hindi in Nepal – An Analysis"
8111:. Cambridge University Press.
8045:Clyne, Michael (24 May 2012).
8013:. 16 June 2022. Archived from
7649:Mody, Sujata Sudhakar (2008).
7458:. Online Etymology Dictionary.
6603:
6573:
6437:
6354:
6158:
5496:What is Persian to a literate.
1417:. It is recorded that Emperor
1069:
673:Regional or dialectal variants
13:
1:
15116:Subject–object–verb languages
13643:Ceded and Conquered Provinces
13351:Provincial Armed Constabulary
11337:Scheduled languages in states
10183:John Thompson Platts (1884),
9703:King, Christopher R. (1994).
8438:Swaddle, The (12 June 2021).
7476:. John Benjamins Publishing.
7258:R, Aishwaryaa (6 June 2019).
7029:Gube, Jan; Gao, Fang (2019).
6347:
6155:also offer digital editions.
5981:
5827:
5060:
1963:Comparison with Standard Urdu
1572:Constituent Assembly of India
1384:
1038:Hindi is the fastest growing
15071:Central Indo-Aryan languages
14278:Parliamentary constituencies
14214:Community Development Blocks
13710:Bifurcation of Uttar Pradesh
10262:The Union: Official Language
10056:Shapiro, Michael C. (2003).
9675:The Handbook of Bilingualism
8334:Roy, Anirban (27 May 2011).
7919:John Joseph Gumperz (1971).
7428:Mihir Bose (18 April 2006).
7165:for the top dozen languages.
6446:Glimpses of Indian Languages
6336:
6326:
5389:As a part of the process of
4984:
4944:
4897:
4850:
4802:
4752:
4704:
4656:
4609:
4561:
4513:
4465:
4417:
4323:
4277:
4228:
4181:
4135:
4089:
4038:
3991:
3945:
3899:
3829:
3783:
3736:
3699:
3671:
3634:
3590:
3542:
3494:
3453:
3415:
3368:
3322:
3275:
3228:
3182:
3135:
3089:
3043:
2997:
2950:
2904:
2864:
2826:
2783:
2724:
2677:
2630:
2584:
2537:
2488:
2441:
2394:
2347:
2301:
2254:
2207:
2129:
2062:. Devanagari consists of 11
1820:Constitution of South Africa
1427:Indian Independence movement
1108:(India)" (hence, "Indian").
1011:(a descendant of Sanskrit).
7:
15091:Official languages of India
13346:Fire and Emergency Services
10169:Mahendra Caturvedi (1970),
10118:Tiwari, Bholanath (2004) .
9420:is sometimes pronounced as
9020:"United Kingdom- Languages"
8393:Sen, Sumant (4 June 2019).
8295:Benedikter, Thomas (2009).
8186:"The Constitution of India"
8000:Parthasarathy, Kumar, p.120
7980:. iUniverse, Incorporated.
7434:. Routledge. pp. 1–3.
6721:Peter-Dass, Rakesh (2019).
6620:"The Constitution of India"
6486:10.1007/978-981-16-5625-5_5
6444:Gangopadhyay, Avik (2020).
6247:
6205:
6138:
6111:Suryakant Tripathi 'Nirala'
5807:
5795:
5778:
5766:
5749:
5737:
5720:
5708:
5691:
5679:
5662:
5650:
5633:
5621:
5604:
5592:
5575:
5563:
5482:
5358:
5261:) words: These include all
1728:Andaman and Nicobar Islands
1502:, which was adopted as the
887:), commonly referred to as
883:
10:
15137:
15101:Languages of Uttar Pradesh
9824:Linguistic Survey of India
9623:Aspects of Hindi Phonology
9542:occurs as an allophone of
9406:In a number of words, the
8978:"United States- Languages"
8890:Hakala, Walter N. (2012).
8809:Kothari, Ria, ed. (2011).
7814:Ashmore, Harry S. (1961).
7605:Dhulipala, Venkat (2000).
7300:IndiaSpend (2 July 2018).
6690:Cambridge University Press
6177:Hindi in Devanagari Script
6162:
5985:
5416:
5326:
5064:
4366:Devanagari representation
2156:Devanagari representation
2084:Devanagari transliteration
2081:
2074:in spoken Standard Hindi.
2051:
1966:
1927:, the United Kingdom, the
1570:On 14 September 1949, the
1209:Middle Indo-Aryan to Hindi
1201:
1197:
1058:, in the third place, and
1046:in the second place, with
1025:third most-spoken language
36:
29:
14742:
14690:
14647:
14638:
14628:Uttarakhand Gaurav Samman
14542:
14487:
14438:
14362:
14344:State Protected Monuments
14307:
14298:
14226:
14201:
14168:
14157:
14097:
14054:
14047:
14026:
14019:
13988:
13950:
13912:
13901:
13894:
13855:
13829:
13822:
13785:
13744:
13735:
13722:
13695:
13661:
13631:
13622:
13548:
13480:
13471:
13426:
13393:
13383:Provincial Forest Service
13378:Provincial Police Service
13368:Public Service Commission
13291:
13258:
13249:
13222:
13150:
13107:
13063:
13040:
12996:
12939:
12913:
12904:
12871:
12846:
12816:
12765:
12754:
12747:
12710:
12664:
12634:
12591:
12528:
12517:
12482:
12444:
12423:
12397:
12376:
12355:
12346:
12337:
12317:
12286:
12192:
12183:
12136:
12028:
11945:
11880:
11873:
11826:
11784:
11756:
11749:
11742:
11640:
11619:
11593:
11584:
11534:
11513:
11477:
11461:
11415:
11394:
11385:
11312:
11163:
11028:
11015:
10865:
10736:
10715:
10704:
10664:
10659:Links to related articles
10600:
10579:
10563:
10513:
10472:
10434:
10386:
10379:
10309:
10301:
9650:. Routledge. p. 82.
9600:. Routledge. p. 79.
9519:
9514:
9321:with apical postalveolar
9081:Kuiper, Kathleen (2010).
8752:Mesthrie, Rajend (1985).
8737:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
7923:Language in Social Groups
7836:Tunstall, Jeremy (2008).
7783:Masica, Colin P. (1993).
7727:Language Problem in India
7553:Google Arts & Culture
7505:Central Hindi Directorate
7417:– via Google Books.
7215:Columbia University Press
7009:10.1080/00856408008722995
6585:Central Hindi Directorate
6234:Translation (grammatical)
6183:
6173:(by the United Nations):
6071:Swami Dayananda Saraswati
5802:
5773:
5744:
5715:
5686:
5657:
5628:
5599:
5570:
5485:Paṛhe likhe ko Fārsī kyā.
5472:पढ़े लिखे को फ़ारसी क्या।
5469:
5292:
5283:
5251:
5225:
5210:
5189:
5177:
5160:
5151:
5139:
5120:
5111:
5102:
5086:
4998:
4975:
4968:
4956:
4953:
4935:
4928:
4917:
4888:
4881:
4841:
4834:
4793:
4786:
4743:
4736:
4695:
4688:
4647:
4640:
4600:
4593:
4552:
4545:
4504:
4497:
4456:
4449:
4408:
4401:
4368:
4365:
4362:
4357:
4350:
4314:
4307:
4268:
4261:
4219:
4212:
4172:
4165:
4126:
4119:
4080:
4073:
4029:
4022:
3982:
3975:
3936:
3929:
3890:
3883:
3840:
3837:
3820:
3813:
3802:
3774:
3767:
3727:
3720:
3690:
3683:
3662:
3655:
3645:
3642:
3625:
3618:
3607:
3581:
3574:
3533:
3526:
3485:
3478:
3444:
3437:
3426:
3406:
3399:
3388:
3359:
3352:
3313:
3306:
3266:
3259:
3219:
3212:
3173:
3166:
3126:
3119:
3080:
3073:
3034:
3027:
2988:
2981:
2941:
2934:
2895:
2888:
2855:
2848:
2837:
2817:
2810:
2799:
2774:
2767:
2715:
2708:
2668:
2661:
2621:
2614:
2575:
2568:
2528:
2521:
2479:
2472:
2432:
2425:
2385:
2378:
2338:
2331:
2292:
2285:
2245:
2238:
2198:
2191:
2158:
2155:
2152:
2147:
2140:
2094:Hunterian transliteration
2047:
1896:A sizeable population in
1874:for the people living in
1843:Geographical distribution
1780:2013 Constitution of Fiji
1164:
1127:
1117:
975:. Such languages include
948:in nine states and three
875:
617:
603:
587:
571:
555:
537:
519:
514:
509:Central Hindi Directorate
502:
458:
320:Official language in
318:
313:
297:
243:
201:
141:
125:
106:
96:
84:
68:
59:
57:
52:
13418:Leader of the Opposition
13373:Provincial Civil Service
12951:Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit
10062:The Indo-Aryan Languages
9974:The Indo-Aryan Languages
9798:. Taylor & Francis.
9119:The Indo-Aryan Languages
7786:The Indo-Aryan Languages
7698:Status of Hindi in India
7501:"Brief History of Hindi"
7161:11 November 2012 at the
6837:Pillalamarri, Akhilesh.
6685:The Rhetoric of Hindutva
6423:(2 ed.). Elsevier.
6311:
5976:
5483:Hāth kaṅgan ko ārsī kyā,
5341:compensatory lengthening
2795:Similar to the French R
1941:United States of America
1925:United States of America
1789:
1615:
1488:which were published in
1237:Compensatory lengthening
925:. Hindi is considered a
37:Not to be confused with
14266:Assembly constituencies
13648:North-Western Provinces
13341:Disaster Response Force
10587:World Hindi Secretariat
10239:Bhatia, Tej K. (1987).
10148:McGregor, R.S. (1993),
10019:Sadana, Rashmi (2012).
9992:Ohala, Manjari (1999).
9621:Ohala, Manjari (1983).
9393:for some speakers with
9266:Bhatia, Tej K. (1987).
8788:Business Standard India
8761:University of Cape Town
8107:The Sikhs of the Punjab
8080:Oxford University Press
7820:Encyclopædia Britannica
7667:Kesavan, B. S. (1997).
7472:Kachru, Yamuna (2006).
7175:Gambhir, Vijay (1995).
6306:World Hindi Secretariat
6165:Urdu § Sample text
6075:Bhartendu Harishchandra
5317:phono-semantic matching
5233: "of the country"
5208:, and eventually Hindi
2750:t-glottalizing dialects
1782:, it is simply called "
1745:
1176:" (for the river) and "
1082:. It was borrowed from
1027:in the world including
14618:Awards and decorations
14606:School Education Board
14191:Municipal Corporations
13500:Khasa Janapada kingdom
13159:Indo-Iranian languages
10592:World Hindi Conference
10564:National organizations
10543:Hindi–Urdu controversy
10225:Encyclopaedia of Islam
8657:"Constitution of Fiji"
7974:Paul R. Brass (2005).
7959:RAHMAN, TARIQ (2011).
6682:Basu, Manisha (2017).
6086:Mahavir Prasad Dwivedi
5470:हाथ कंगन को आरसी क्या,
4369:English approximation
3603:no English equivalent
2159:English approximation
1969:Hindi–Urdu controversy
1645:
1629:
776:Hindustani orthography
756:Hindi–Urdu controversy
32:Hindi (disambiguation)
14271:Former constituencies
14249:2016 political crisis
14234:Coolie-Begar movement
12829:Maharashtrian Konkani
10743:Constitution of India
10618:Sahitya Akademi Award
10555:Punjabi Suba movement
10209:Bangha, Imre (2018).
10158:Hardev Bahri (1989),
9837:(searchable database)
9746:. 18 September 2015.
8711:Nalankilli, Thanjai.
8159:. 14 September 2016.
8051:. Walter de Gruyter.
7635:. 1943. p. 264.
7237:Ethnologue (Free All)
7154:. Asterisks mark the
6897:. 14 September 2018.
6121:, are the four major
5290:"fort" from Persian,
5185: "born of that"
5147: "semi-tatsama"
5094: "same as that"
5065:Further information:
1640:
1623:
1588:Hazari Prasad Dwivedi
1584:Beohar Rajendra Simha
1580:British Indian Empire
1536:Roman transliteration
1522:, and many more. His
1520:The Oriental Linguist
1482:Rānī Kētakī Kī Kahānī
1431:Hindustani vocabulary
1389:During the period of
1204:History of Hindustani
1202:Further information:
1185:Modern Standard Hindi
1001:mutually intelligible
987:, which is spoken in
871:Modern Standard Hindi
115:Western Uttar Pradesh
15086:Indo-Aryan languages
14512:Association football
14505:Women's cricket team
13705:Rampur Tiraha firing
13401:Legislative Assembly
13309:Council of Ministers
13239:(summer); judicial:
13117:Andaman Creole Hindi
12548:Bishnupriya Manipuri
12368:Caribbean Hindustani
11379:Indo-Aryan languages
10580:Global organizations
10486:Andaman Creole Hindi
10454:Caribbean Hindustani
10082:Teach Yourself Hindi
9856:Modern Hindi grammar
9083:The Culture of India
8966:. 21 September 2018.
8846:on 11 December 2016.
8834:Chandra, Abhimanyu.
8538:Press Trust of India
8198:on 9 September 2014.
8135:. 8 September 2015.
7902:Michael C. Shapiro.
7870:Hiro, Dilip (2015).
7151:Nationalencyklopedin
6222:Gloss (word-to-word)
6059:Devaki Nandan Khatri
5241:Indo-Aryan languages
5067:Hindustani etymology
1973:Hindustani phonology
1929:United Arab Emirates
1855:(which contains the
1837:Emirate of Abu Dhabi
1831:United Arab Emirates
1596:Maithili Sharan Gupt
1480:of Sadal Misra, and
1444:, the vernacular of
1413:during the reign of
1239:of vowels preceding
1223:Śauraseni Apabhraṃśa
1168:), referring to the
1064:2011 census of India
985:Caribbean Hindustani
893:standardised variety
832:Phonological history
492:United Arab Emirates
481:(protected language)
137:: 260 million (2020)
75:The word "Hindi" in
15076:Hindustani language
14517:Men's football team
14315:World Heritage Site
14283:Rajya Sabha members
13164:Nuristani languages
12896:Mitanni superstrate
11505:Wotapuri-Katarqalai
11165:100,000 – 1 million
10100:Taj, Afroz (2002).
9533:, occurs otherwise.
9188:on 27 November 2021
8900:National Geographic
8864:The Express Tribune
8540:. 25 January 2010.
8222:on 31 January 2012.
7529:Masica, pp. 187–211
7073:. Sahitya Akademi.
7037:Springer Publishing
6976:on 20 December 2016
6948:on 1 November 2013.
6879:on 29 October 2013.
6413:Hindustani (2005).
5542:
5315:) and occasionally
4104:ub (but retroflex)
4058:ub (but retroflex)
2090:Government of India
1870:has developed as a
1818:. According to the
1658:those in Tamil Nadu
1650:imposition of Hindi
1636:Indian constitution
1528:Perso-Arabic script
1500:Hindustani language
1080:Indo-Gangetic Plain
1050:(officially called
993:Trinidad and Tobago
934:Hindustani language
897:Hindustani language
884:Ādhunik Mānak Hindī
653:Hindustani language
460:Recognised minority
15096:Standard languages
15081:Fusional languages
14500:Men's cricket team
14455:Govind Pashu Vihar
14239:Statehood movement
14186:Urban Local Bodies
13609:Anglo-Nepalese War
13490:Uttarakuru kingdom
13050:Proto-Indo-Iranian
12931:Early Ardhamagadhi
11317:Linguistic history
10698:Languages of India
10215:. In Fleet, Kate;
9842:9 May 2023 at the
9828:, Calcutta, 1928,
9500:is always a trill.
8964:The Times of India
8790:. 12 February 2019
8667:on 11 October 2016
8497:The Times of India
8418:The Times of India
8156:The Indian Express
7123:The Times of India
6895:The Indian Express
6650:"About Hindi-Urdu"
6270:Languages of India
6143:Hindi literature,
6119:Sumitranandan Pant
6035:varieties of Hindi
5540:
5333:Shauraseni Prakrit
5198:Shauraseni Prakrit
1977:Hindustani grammar
1866:a pidgin known as
1740:Gujarat High Court
1219:Shauraseni Prakrit
877:आधुनिक मानक हिन्दी
813:Linguistic history
290:Devanagari Braille
209:Shauraseni Prakrit
168:Central Indo-Aryan
14843:
14842:
14837:
14836:
14738:
14737:
14682:Udham Singh Nagar
14623:Uttarakhand Ratna
14567:Char Dham Railway
14562:Char Dham Highway
14483:
14482:
14475:Valley of Flowers
14288:Lok Sabha members
14222:
14221:
14153:
14152:
14149:
14148:
14145:
14144:
14015:
14014:
13890:
13889:
13886:
13885:
13818:
13817:
13757:Garhwal Himalayas
13718:
13717:
13691:
13690:
13614:Treaty of Sugauli
13467:
13466:
13361:Police Department
13356:Forest Department
13178:
13177:
13169:Iranian languages
13036:
13035:
12956:Dramatic Prakrits
12867:
12866:
12842:
12841:
12743:
12742:
12660:
12659:
12616:Rajbanshi (Nepal)
12513:
12512:
12333:
12332:
12179:
12178:
12169:list of languages
11869:
11868:
11822:
11821:
11738:
11737:
11580:
11579:
11345:
11344:
11308:
11307:
11011:
11010:
10651:
10650:
10515:Language politics
10509:
10508:
10164:, Delhi: Rajapala
10103:A door into Hindi
10092:978-0-07-142012-9
10071:978-0-415-77294-5
10032:978-0-520-26957-6
10011:978-0-521-63751-0
9984:978-0-521-29944-2
9960:978-8-180-69799-9
9939:978-0-195-13977-8
9908:978-0-19-870008-1
9869:978-1-931546-06-5
9805:978-1-134-83534-8
9441:Rekhta Dictionary
9214:. 23 March 2022.
9128:978-1-135-79711-9
9096:978-1-61530-149-2
8764:(Doctoral Thesis)
8308:978-3-643-10231-7
7938:978-0-8047-0798-5
7885:978-1-56858-503-1
7853:978-0-19-518146-3
7796:978-0-521-29944-2
7765:978-3-11-012962-5
7752:Hans Henrich Hock
7708:978-93-5018-149-2
7678:978-81-237-2120-0
7588:978-0-907962-30-4
7441:978-1-134-24924-4
7306:Business Standard
7192:978-0-8122-3328-5
7080:978-81-260-0353-2
7046:978-981-13-3125-1
6926:on 2 August 2011.
6738:978-1-00-070224-8
6699:978-1-107-14987-8
6660:on 15 August 2009
6495:978-981-16-5624-8
6393:(27th ed., 2024)
6332:Rekhta Dictionary
6191:Transliteration (
6107:Jaishankar Prasad
5974:
5973:
5817:
5816:
5546:Perso-Arabic word
5503:
5502:
5382:Excessive use of
5375:words, is called
5335:, in the form of
5196:, "deed" becomes
5058:
5057:
5054:
5053:
5048:doubled consonant
4994:
4993:
4344:
4343:
2363:ere (but dental)
2026:Jammu and Kashmir
2006:national language
1939:; 863,077 in the
1884:Arunachal Pradesh
1800:2011 Nepal census
1798:according to the
1720:Union Territories
1546:Independent India
1490:Devanagari script
1437:films and songs.
1247:"hand" > Pkt.
1084:Classical Persian
1040:language of India
950:union territories
946:official language
905:official language
901:Devanagari script
868:
867:
629:
628:
504:Regulated by
90:[ˈɦɪndiː]
16:(Redirected from
15128:
15051:
15043:
15042:
15041:
15034:
15033:from Wikiversity
15026:
15025:
15024:
15017:
15009:
15008:
15007:
15000:
14992:
14991:
14990:
14983:
14975:
14974:
14973:
14966:
14958:
14957:
14956:
14949:
14941:
14940:
14939:
14932:
14924:
14923:
14922:
14912:
14896:
14895:
14884:
14883:
14872:
14871:
14860:
14859:
14858:
14851:
14645:
14644:
14408:Kedarnath Temple
14396:Badrinath Temple
14384:Yamunotri Temple
14305:
14304:
14166:
14165:
14052:
14051:
14024:
14023:
14007:Scheduled Tribes
14002:Scheduled Castes
13994:Scheduled Tribes
13990:Scheduled Castes
13910:
13909:
13899:
13898:
13827:
13826:
13742:
13741:
13733:
13732:
13683:United Provinces
13629:
13628:
13505:Himalaya kingdom
13478:
13477:
13256:
13255:
13205:
13198:
13191:
13182:
13181:
13055:Proto-Indo-Aryan
12911:
12910:
12834:Canarese Konkani
12763:
12762:
12752:
12751:
12526:
12525:
12353:
12352:
12344:
12343:
12190:
12189:
11878:
11877:
11754:
11753:
11747:
11746:
11591:
11590:
11392:
11391:
11372:
11365:
11358:
11349:
11348:
11026:
11025:
10866:State-level only
10713:
10712:
10691:
10684:
10677:
10668:
10667:
10655:
10654:
10538:Hindi imposition
10384:
10383:
10296:
10289:
10282:
10273:
10272:
10236:
10214:
10197:
10196:
10194:
10176:
10165:
10153:
10137:
10114:
10112:
10110:
10096:
10075:
10052:
10043:
10041:
10039:
10015:
9988:
9964:
9943:
9924:Frawley, William
9919:
9917:
9915:
9888:
9886:
9884:
9878:
9872:. Archived from
9861:
9816:
9814:
9812:
9778:
9777:
9775:
9773:
9758:
9752:
9751:
9740:
9734:
9733:
9731:
9729:
9714:
9708:
9701:
9695:
9694:
9678:
9668:
9662:
9661:
9643:
9637:
9636:
9618:
9612:
9611:
9591:
9585:
9582:
9576:
9573:
9567:
9564:
9555:
9553:
9549:
9545:
9540:
9534:
9532:
9524:
9523:
9522:
9517:
9516:
9510:
9501:
9499:
9495:
9491:
9482:
9479:
9470:
9467:
9452:
9451:
9449:
9447:
9433:
9427:
9425:
9419:
9418:
9411:
9404:
9398:
9392:
9391:
9388:
9387:
9378:
9377:
9374:
9373:
9364:
9363:
9360:
9359:
9350:
9349:
9346:
9345:
9336:
9328:
9320:
9312:
9303:
9282:
9281:
9263:
9257:
9256:
9254:
9252:
9237:
9231:
9230:
9228:
9226:
9204:
9198:
9197:
9195:
9193:
9184:. Archived from
9173:
9167:
9166:
9164:
9162:
9148:
9142:
9141:
9114:
9105:
9104:
9087:Rosen Publishing
9078:
9069:
9068:
9066:
9064:
9055:. Archived from
9049:
9040:
9039:
9037:
9035:
9016:
9010:
9007:
8998:
8997:
8995:
8993:
8974:
8968:
8967:
8956:
8950:
8949:
8944:
8942:
8930:
8924:
8923:
8917:
8915:
8910:on 14 March 2018
8909:
8903:. Archived from
8896:
8887:
8881:
8880:
8878:
8876:
8867:. Archived from
8854:
8848:
8847:
8842:. Archived from
8831:
8825:
8824:
8806:
8800:
8799:
8797:
8795:
8780:
8774:
8773:
8771:
8769:
8749:
8743:
8742:
8736:
8728:
8726:
8724:
8717:Tamiltribune.com
8708:
8702:
8701:
8699:
8697:
8691:
8683:
8677:
8676:
8674:
8672:
8663:. Archived from
8653:
8647:
8646:
8644:
8642:
8627:
8621:
8620:
8618:
8616:
8605:www.omniglot.com
8597:
8591:
8590:
8588:
8586:
8565:
8554:
8553:
8551:
8549:
8524:
8518:
8517:
8515:
8513:
8487:
8481:
8480:
8478:
8476:
8461:
8455:
8454:
8452:
8450:
8435:
8429:
8428:
8426:
8424:
8409:
8403:
8402:
8390:
8384:
8383:
8381:
8379:
8357:
8351:
8350:
8348:
8346:
8331:
8325:
8324:
8322:
8320:
8292:
8286:
8285:
8283:
8281:
8275:
8268:
8260:
8254:
8253:
8251:
8249:
8230:
8224:
8223:
8221:
8214:
8206:
8200:
8199:
8197:
8191:. Archived from
8190:
8182:
8173:
8172:
8170:
8168:
8147:
8141:
8140:
8129:
8123:
8122:
8110:
8100:
8094:
8093:
8069:
8063:
8062:
8042:
8036:
8035:
8025:
8019:
8018:
8017:on 16 June 2022.
8007:
8001:
7998:
7992:
7991:
7971:
7965:
7964:
7956:
7950:
7949:
7947:
7945:
7926:
7916:
7910:
7909:
7899:
7893:
7892:
7867:
7861:
7860:
7833:
7827:
7826:
7811:
7805:
7804:
7780:
7774:
7773:
7748:
7742:
7741:
7722:
7716:
7715:
7692:
7686:
7685:
7664:
7658:
7657:
7646:
7640:
7639:
7625:
7619:
7618:
7602:
7596:
7595:
7574:
7568:
7567:
7561:
7559:
7545:
7539:
7536:
7530:
7527:
7521:
7520:
7518:
7516:
7507:. Archived from
7497:
7488:
7487:
7469:
7460:
7459:
7452:
7446:
7445:
7425:
7419:
7418:
7398:
7392:
7391:
7389:
7387:
7381:Delhi University
7372:
7366:
7365:
7363:
7361:
7343:
7337:
7336:
7334:
7332:
7316:
7314:
7312:
7296:
7294:
7292:
7276:
7274:
7272:
7254:
7248:
7247:
7245:
7243:
7229:
7223:
7222:
7207:
7201:
7200:
7172:
7166:
7146:
7140:
7139:
7133:
7131:
7114:
7108:
7107:
7095:
7089:
7088:
7066:
7055:
7054:
7026:
7013:
7012:
6992:
6986:
6985:
6983:
6981:
6975:
6969:. Archived from
6964:
6956:
6950:
6949:
6944:. Archived from
6934:
6928:
6927:
6922:. Archived from
6912:
6903:
6902:
6887:
6881:
6880:
6875:. Archived from
6865:
6859:
6858:
6856:
6854:
6834:
6828:
6827:
6811:
6805:
6804:
6802:
6800:
6781:
6772:
6771:
6755:
6746:
6745:
6718:
6707:
6706:
6679:
6670:
6669:
6667:
6665:
6656:. Archived from
6646:
6640:
6639:
6637:
6635:
6626:. Archived from
6616:
6610:
6607:
6601:
6600:
6598:
6596:
6587:. Archived from
6577:
6571:
6570:
6559:
6550:
6549:
6547:
6545:
6531:
6522:
6521:
6520:
6518:
6469:
6460:
6459:
6441:
6435:
6434:
6410:
6401:
6400:
6399:
6382:
6373:
6372:
6366:
6358:
6341:
6340:) in Devanagari.
6339:
6329:
6322:
6227:Article 1 (one)
6208:
6186:
6185:
6063:Munshi Premchand
5988:Hindi literature
5835:
5834:
5810:
5805:
5804:
5798:
5793:
5792:
5781:
5776:
5775:
5769:
5764:
5763:
5752:
5747:
5746:
5740:
5735:
5734:
5723:
5718:
5717:
5711:
5706:
5705:
5694:
5689:
5688:
5682:
5677:
5676:
5665:
5660:
5659:
5653:
5648:
5647:
5636:
5631:
5630:
5624:
5619:
5618:
5607:
5602:
5601:
5595:
5590:
5589:
5578:
5573:
5572:
5566:
5561:
5560:
5543:
5539:
5487:
5474:
5473:
5463:
5462:
5309:loan translation
5295:
5294:
5286:
5285:
5260:
5259: "foreign"
5257:
5254:
5253:
5234:
5231:
5228:
5227:
5213:
5212:
5204:
5203:
5192:
5191:
5186:
5183:
5180:
5179:
5163:
5162:
5154:
5153:
5148:
5145:
5142:
5141:
5123:
5122:
5114:
5113:
5105:
5104:
5095:
5092:
5089:
5088:
5042:
5024:
4996:
4995:
4990:
4980:
4979:
4978:
4971:
4970:
4951:
4940:
4939:
4938:
4931:
4930:
4923:
4903:
4893:
4892:
4891:
4884:
4883:
4876:
4856:
4846:
4845:
4844:
4837:
4836:
4829:
4809:
4798:
4797:
4796:
4789:
4788:
4781:
4762:
4748:
4747:
4746:
4739:
4738:
4731:
4711:
4700:
4699:
4698:
4691:
4690:
4683:
4663:
4652:
4651:
4650:
4643:
4642:
4635:
4616:
4605:
4604:
4603:
4596:
4595:
4588:
4568:
4557:
4556:
4555:
4548:
4547:
4540:
4520:
4509:
4508:
4507:
4500:
4499:
4492:
4472:
4461:
4460:
4459:
4452:
4451:
4444:
4424:
4413:
4412:
4411:
4404:
4403:
4396:
4348:
4347:
4330:
4319:
4318:
4317:
4310:
4309:
4302:
4283:
4273:
4272:
4271:
4264:
4263:
4256:
4234:
4224:
4223:
4222:
4215:
4214:
4207:
4188:
4177:
4176:
4175:
4168:
4167:
4160:
4141:
4131:
4130:
4129:
4122:
4121:
4114:
4095:
4085:
4084:
4083:
4076:
4075:
4068:
4048:
4034:
4033:
4032:
4025:
4024:
4017:
3997:
3987:
3986:
3985:
3978:
3977:
3970:
3951:
3941:
3940:
3939:
3932:
3931:
3924:
3914:ub (but dental)
3905:
3895:
3894:
3893:
3886:
3885:
3878:
3859:
3835:
3825:
3824:
3823:
3816:
3815:
3808:
3789:
3779:
3778:
3777:
3770:
3769:
3762:
3743:
3732:
3731:
3730:
3723:
3722:
3715:
3705:
3695:
3694:
3693:
3686:
3685:
3677:
3667:
3666:
3665:
3658:
3657:
3640:
3630:
3629:
3628:
3621:
3620:
3613:
3597:
3586:
3585:
3584:
3577:
3576:
3569:
3549:
3538:
3537:
3536:
3529:
3528:
3521:
3501:
3490:
3489:
3488:
3481:
3480:
3473:
3460:
3449:
3448:
3447:
3440:
3439:
3421:
3411:
3410:
3409:
3402:
3401:
3394:
3374:
3364:
3363:
3362:
3355:
3354:
3347:
3328:
3318:
3317:
3316:
3309:
3308:
3301:
3281:
3271:
3270:
3269:
3262:
3261:
3254:
3235:
3224:
3223:
3222:
3215:
3214:
3207:
3188:
3178:
3177:
3176:
3169:
3168:
3161:
3141:
3131:
3130:
3129:
3122:
3121:
3114:
3095:
3085:
3084:
3083:
3076:
3075:
3068:
3049:
3039:
3038:
3037:
3030:
3029:
3022:
3003:
2993:
2992:
2991:
2984:
2983:
2976:
2956:
2946:
2945:
2944:
2937:
2936:
2929:
2910:
2900:
2899:
2898:
2891:
2890:
2883:
2870:
2860:
2859:
2858:
2851:
2850:
2832:
2822:
2821:
2820:
2813:
2812:
2805:
2789:
2779:
2778:
2777:
2770:
2769:
2762:
2731:
2720:
2719:
2718:
2711:
2710:
2704:
2703:
2683:
2673:
2672:
2671:
2664:
2663:
2656:
2636:
2626:
2625:
2624:
2617:
2616:
2609:
2590:
2580:
2579:
2578:
2571:
2570:
2563:
2543:
2533:
2532:
2531:
2524:
2523:
2516:
2494:
2484:
2483:
2482:
2475:
2474:
2467:
2447:
2437:
2436:
2435:
2428:
2427:
2420:
2400:
2390:
2389:
2388:
2381:
2380:
2373:
2353:
2343:
2342:
2341:
2334:
2333:
2326:
2307:
2297:
2296:
2295:
2288:
2287:
2280:
2260:
2250:
2249:
2248:
2241:
2240:
2233:
2213:
2203:
2202:
2201:
2194:
2193:
2186:
2138:
2137:
2134:
2133:
1900:, especially in
1764:Bihari languages
1684:Himachal Pradesh
1664:Article 344 (2b)
1486:Insha Allah Khan
1377:"marriage" >
1192:in a wider sense
1167:
1166:
1138:
1130:
1129:
1120:
1119:
1090:
1089:
886:
880:
879:
878:
860:
853:
846:
766:Hindi literature
761:Persian and Urdu
638:
631:
630:
622:
613:
599:
583:
567:
560:
551:
550:
542:
533:
532:
524:
490:
489:
477:
475:
474:
462:language in
446:
445:
444:
434:
433:
432:
422:
421:
420:
410:
409:
408:
398:
397:
396:
388:Himachal Pradesh
386:
385:
384:
374:
373:
372:
362:
361:
360:
350:
349:
348:
334:
332:
331:
303:
249:
147:
92:
73:
64:
63:
62:
50:
49:
21:
15136:
15135:
15131:
15130:
15129:
15127:
15126:
15125:
15056:
15055:
15054:
15050:from Wikivoyage
15044:
15039:
15037:
15027:
15022:
15020:
15010:
15005:
15003:
14999:from Wikisource
14993:
14988:
14986:
14976:
14971:
14969:
14959:
14954:
14952:
14942:
14937:
14935:
14931:from Wiktionary
14925:
14920:
14918:
14915:
14911:sister projects
14908:at Knowledge's
14902:
14890:
14878:
14866:
14856:
14854:
14846:
14844:
14839:
14838:
14833:
14745:
14734:
14686:
14634:
14589:Kumaoni cuisine
14545:
14538:
14529:Olympic Stadium
14524:Cricket Stadium
14479:
14441:
14434:
14365:
14358:
14294:
14259:Local elections
14244:Chipko movement
14218:
14197:
14160:
14141:
14093:
14043:
14011:
13993:
13991:
13984:
13946:
13904:
13882:
13851:
13814:
13781:
13752:Great Himalayas
13737:
13727:
13725:
13714:
13697:
13687:
13664:
13657:
13653:Agra Presidency
13634:
13624:
13618:
13575:Katyuri dynasty
13558:Garhwal Kingdom
13550:
13544:
13535:Kuninda Kingdom
13510:Parvata kingdom
13495:Paurava kingdom
13482:
13463:
13422:
13389:
13321:Chief Secretary
13287:
13245:
13227:: legislative:
13218:
13209:
13179:
13174:
13173:
13146:
13109:
13103:
13059:
13042:
13032:
12992:
12935:
12921:Ashokan Prakrit
12900:
12863:
12838:
12812:
12757:
12739:
12706:
12656:
12630:
12587:
12520:
12509:
12478:
12440:
12419:
12393:
12372:
12329:
12313:
12282:
12254:Hyderabadi Urdu
12175:
12132:
12024:
11941:
11865:
11818:
11809:Pahari-Pothwari
11780:
11734:
11715:Pahari Kinnauri
11636:
11615:
11576:
11542:Indus Kohistani
11535:Hazara Division
11530:
11509:
11473:
11457:
11411:
11381:
11376:
11346:
11341:
11327:Multilingualism
11304:
11166:
11159:
11031:
11020:
11018:
11007:
10861:
10741:
10732:
10707:
10700:
10695:
10660:
10652:
10647:
10596:
10575:
10559:
10505:
10468:
10430:
10375:
10305:
10300:
10258:
10221:Rowson, Everett
10205:
10203:Further reading
10200:
10192:
10190:
10144:
10134:
10108:
10106:
10093:
10072:
10037:
10035:
10033:
10012:
9985:
9961:
9940:
9913:
9911:
9909:
9882:
9880:
9879:on 26 July 2014
9876:
9870:
9859:
9844:Wayback Machine
9820:Grierson, G. A.
9810:
9808:
9806:
9787:
9782:
9781:
9771:
9769:
9760:
9759:
9755:
9742:
9741:
9737:
9727:
9725:
9715:
9711:
9702:
9698:
9691:
9669:
9665:
9658:
9644:
9640:
9633:
9619:
9615:
9608:
9592:
9588:
9583:
9579:
9574:
9570:
9565:
9558:
9541:
9537:
9511:
9504:
9492:
9485:
9480:
9473:
9468:
9455:
9445:
9443:
9435:
9434:
9430:
9413:
9405:
9401:
9384:
9380:
9370:
9366:
9356:
9352:
9342:
9338:
9304:
9285:
9278:
9264:
9260:
9250:
9248:
9238:
9234:
9224:
9222:
9206:
9205:
9201:
9191:
9189:
9174:
9170:
9160:
9158:
9150:
9149:
9145:
9129:
9115:
9108:
9097:
9079:
9072:
9062:
9060:
9051:
9050:
9043:
9033:
9031:
9018:
9017:
9013:
9009:Frawley, p. 481
9008:
9001:
8991:
8989:
8976:
8975:
8971:
8958:
8957:
8953:
8940:
8938:
8931:
8927:
8913:
8911:
8907:
8894:
8888:
8884:
8874:
8872:
8871:on 31 July 2019
8855:
8851:
8832:
8828:
8821:
8807:
8803:
8793:
8791:
8782:
8781:
8777:
8767:
8765:
8750:
8746:
8730:
8729:
8722:
8720:
8709:
8705:
8695:
8693:
8689:
8685:
8684:
8680:
8670:
8668:
8655:
8654:
8650:
8640:
8638:
8629:
8628:
8624:
8614:
8612:
8599:
8598:
8594:
8584:
8582:
8567:
8566:
8557:
8547:
8545:
8526:
8525:
8521:
8511:
8509:
8502:The Times Group
8488:
8484:
8474:
8472:
8463:
8462:
8458:
8448:
8446:
8436:
8432:
8422:
8420:
8410:
8406:
8391:
8387:
8377:
8375:
8358:
8354:
8344:
8342:
8332:
8328:
8318:
8316:
8309:
8293:
8289:
8279:
8277:
8273:
8266:
8262:
8261:
8257:
8247:
8245:
8232:
8231:
8227:
8219:
8212:
8208:
8207:
8203:
8195:
8188:
8184:
8183:
8176:
8166:
8164:
8149:
8148:
8144:
8131:
8130:
8126:
8119:
8101:
8097:
8090:
8070:
8066:
8059:
8043:
8039:
8026:
8022:
8009:
8008:
8004:
7999:
7995:
7988:
7972:
7968:
7957:
7953:
7943:
7941:
7939:
7917:
7913:
7900:
7896:
7886:
7878:. p. 398.
7868:
7864:
7854:
7834:
7830:
7822:. p. 579.
7812:
7808:
7797:
7781:
7777:
7766:
7749:
7745:
7738:
7724:
7723:
7719:
7709:
7693:
7689:
7679:
7665:
7661:
7647:
7643:
7627:
7626:
7622:
7603:
7599:
7589:
7579:Urdu literature
7575:
7571:
7557:
7555:
7547:
7546:
7542:
7537:
7533:
7528:
7524:
7514:
7512:
7511:on 6 March 2014
7499:
7498:
7491:
7484:
7470:
7463:
7454:
7453:
7449:
7442:
7426:
7422:
7415:
7399:
7395:
7385:
7383:
7373:
7369:
7359:
7357:
7356:on 21 June 2020
7344:
7340:
7330:
7328:
7317:
7310:
7308:
7297:
7290:
7288:
7277:
7270:
7268:
7255:
7251:
7241:
7239:
7231:
7230:
7226:
7209:
7208:
7204:
7193:
7173:
7169:
7163:Wayback Machine
7147:
7143:
7129:
7127:
7126:. 12 March 2024
7116:
7115:
7111:
7096:
7092:
7081:
7067:
7058:
7047:
7027:
7016:
6993:
6989:
6979:
6977:
6973:
6962:
6958:
6957:
6953:
6942:Fiji Government
6936:
6935:
6931:
6914:
6913:
6906:
6889:
6888:
6884:
6873:Census of India
6867:
6866:
6862:
6852:
6850:
6835:
6831:
6812:
6808:
6798:
6796:
6789:Hindustan Times
6783:
6782:
6775:
6764:Hindustan Times
6756:
6749:
6739:
6719:
6710:
6700:
6680:
6673:
6663:
6661:
6648:
6647:
6643:
6633:
6631:
6630:on 2 April 2012
6618:
6617:
6613:
6608:
6604:
6594:
6592:
6579:
6578:
6574:
6561:
6560:
6553:
6543:
6541:
6533:
6532:
6525:
6516:
6514:
6496:
6470:
6463:
6456:
6442:
6438:
6431:
6411:
6404:
6394:
6383:
6376:
6371:. 29 June 2018.
6364:
6360:
6359:
6355:
6350:
6345:
6344:
6323:
6319:
6314:
6250:
6211:Transcription (
6167:
6161:
6141:
6037:, particularly
6031:Bhakti movement
5990:
5984:
5979:
5830:
5499:
5497:
5495:
5489:
5484:
5476:
5471:
5443:Delhi Sultanate
5419:
5391:Sanskritisation
5361:
5329:
5281:. Examples are
5258:
5232:
5184:
5146:
5093:
5073:
5063:
5049:
5043:
5031:
5025:
5000:Suprasegmentals
4961:
4924:
4877:
4830:
4782:
4732:
4684:
4636:
4589:
4541:
4493:
4445:
4397:
4303:
4257:
4208:
4161:
4115:
4069:
4018:
3971:
3925:
3879:
3845:think, Spanish
3809:
3763:
3716:
3614:
3570:
3522:
3474:
3395:
3348:
3302:
3255:
3208:
3162:
3115:
3069:
3023:
2977:
2930:
2884:
2806:
2763:
2698:
2657:
2610:
2564:
2517:
2468:
2421:
2374:
2327:
2281:
2234:
2187:
2132:
2112:Romanised Hindi
2086:
2080:
2056:
2050:
1979:
1967:Main articles:
1965:
1921:Indian diaspora
1864:Northeast India
1845:
1833:
1812:
1804:Paramananda Jha
1792:
1756:Awadhi language
1748:
1626:
1618:
1613:
1611:Official status
1600:Seth Govind Das
1548:
1478:Batiyāl Pachīsī
1391:Delhi Sultanate
1387:
1325:"village" >
1225:(from Sanskrit
1211:
1206:
1200:
1143:in his poetry.
1098:pronunciation:
1096:Iranian Persian
1072:
1033:second language
876:
864:
771:Urdu literature
739:
738:
721:
710:
694:
625:
609:
595:
579:
576:
563:
556:
546:
545:
538:
528:
527:
520:
498:
497:
484:
472:
470:
463:
461:
454:
442:
440:
430:
428:
418:
416:
406:
404:
394:
392:
382:
380:
370:
368:
358:
356:
346:
344:
329:
327:
321:
314:Official status
304:
299:
250:
245:
239:
204:
197:
148:
145:Language family
143:
133:
80:
60:
46:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
15134:
15124:
15123:
15118:
15113:
15111:Lingua francas
15108:
15103:
15098:
15093:
15088:
15083:
15078:
15073:
15068:
15053:
15052:
15035:
15018:
15016:from Wikibooks
15001:
14984:
14982:from Wikiquote
14967:
14950:
14933:
14904:
14901:
14900:
14888:
14876:
14864:
14841:
14840:
14835:
14834:
14832:
14831:
14826:
14821:
14816:
14811:
14806:
14801:
14796:
14791:
14786:
14781:
14776:
14771:
14766:
14761:
14756:
14750:
14748:
14740:
14739:
14736:
14735:
14733:
14732:
14727:
14722:
14717:
14712:
14707:
14702:
14696:
14694:
14688:
14687:
14685:
14684:
14679:
14674:
14669:
14664:
14659:
14653:
14651:
14642:
14636:
14635:
14633:
14632:
14631:
14630:
14625:
14615:
14614:
14613:
14608:
14598:
14593:
14592:
14591:
14581:
14576:
14575:
14574:
14569:
14564:
14559:
14550:
14548:
14540:
14539:
14537:
14536:
14534:Sports College
14531:
14526:
14521:
14520:
14519:
14509:
14508:
14507:
14502:
14491:
14489:
14485:
14484:
14481:
14480:
14478:
14477:
14472:
14467:
14462:
14457:
14452:
14446:
14444:
14436:
14435:
14433:
14432:
14427:
14422:
14417:
14412:
14411:
14410:
14400:
14399:
14398:
14388:
14387:
14386:
14376:
14370:
14368:
14360:
14359:
14357:
14356:
14351:
14346:
14341:
14336:
14335:
14334:
14327:Ramsar Wetland
14324:
14323:
14322:
14311:
14309:
14302:
14296:
14295:
14293:
14292:
14291:
14290:
14285:
14275:
14274:
14273:
14263:
14262:
14261:
14251:
14246:
14241:
14236:
14230:
14228:
14224:
14223:
14220:
14219:
14217:
14216:
14211:
14205:
14203:
14199:
14198:
14196:
14195:
14194:
14193:
14183:
14178:
14172:
14170:
14163:
14159:Administrative
14155:
14154:
14151:
14150:
14147:
14146:
14143:
14142:
14140:
14139:
14134:
14129:
14124:
14119:
14114:
14109:
14103:
14101:
14095:
14094:
14092:
14091:
14086:
14081:
14076:
14071:
14066:
14060:
14058:
14049:
14045:
14044:
14042:
14041:
14036:
14030:
14028:
14021:
14017:
14016:
14013:
14012:
14010:
14009:
14004:
13998:
13996:
13986:
13985:
13983:
13982:
13977:
13972:
13967:
13962:
13956:
13954:
13952:Tibeto-Burmans
13948:
13947:
13945:
13944:
13939:
13934:
13929:
13924:
13918:
13916:
13907:
13896:
13892:
13891:
13888:
13887:
13884:
13883:
13881:
13880:
13875:
13870:
13865:
13859:
13857:
13853:
13852:
13850:
13849:
13844:
13839:
13833:
13831:
13824:
13820:
13819:
13816:
13815:
13813:
13812:
13807:
13802:
13797:
13791:
13789:
13783:
13782:
13780:
13779:
13774:
13769:
13767:Mountain peaks
13764:
13759:
13754:
13748:
13746:
13739:
13730:
13720:
13719:
13716:
13715:
13713:
13712:
13707:
13701:
13699:
13693:
13692:
13689:
13688:
13686:
13685:
13680:
13675:
13669:
13667:
13659:
13658:
13656:
13655:
13650:
13645:
13639:
13637:
13626:
13620:
13619:
13617:
13616:
13611:
13606:
13605:
13604:
13597:Gorkha Kingdom
13594:
13589:
13584:
13583:
13582:
13577:
13570:Kumaon Kingdom
13567:
13566:
13565:
13563:Panwar dynasty
13554:
13552:
13546:
13545:
13543:
13542:
13537:
13532:
13527:
13522:
13517:
13515:Kirata kingdom
13512:
13507:
13502:
13497:
13492:
13486:
13484:
13475:
13469:
13468:
13465:
13464:
13462:
13461:
13456:
13451:
13446:
13441:
13436:
13430:
13428:
13424:
13423:
13421:
13420:
13415:
13410:
13409:
13408:
13397:
13395:
13391:
13390:
13388:
13387:
13386:
13385:
13380:
13375:
13365:
13364:
13363:
13358:
13353:
13348:
13343:
13333:
13328:
13323:
13318:
13317:
13316:
13306:
13304:Chief Minister
13301:
13295:
13293:
13289:
13288:
13286:
13285:
13280:
13275:
13270:
13264:
13262:
13253:
13247:
13246:
13225:State capitals
13223:
13220:
13219:
13208:
13207:
13200:
13193:
13185:
13176:
13175:
13172:
13171:
13166:
13161:
13156:
13152:
13151:
13148:
13147:
13145:
13144:
13139:
13134:
13129:
13124:
13119:
13113:
13111:
13105:
13104:
13102:
13101:
13096:
13095:
13094:
13089:
13079:
13074:
13067:
13065:
13061:
13060:
13058:
13057:
13052:
13046:
13044:
13038:
13037:
13034:
13033:
13031:
13030:
13025:
13020:
13015:
13010:
13004:
13002:
12994:
12993:
12991:
12990:
12985:
12980:
12979:
12978:
12973:
12968:
12963:
12953:
12947:
12945:
12937:
12936:
12934:
12933:
12928:
12923:
12917:
12915:
12908:
12902:
12901:
12899:
12898:
12893:
12892:
12891:
12886:
12875:
12873:
12869:
12868:
12865:
12864:
12862:
12861:
12856:
12850:
12848:
12844:
12843:
12840:
12839:
12837:
12836:
12831:
12826:
12820:
12818:
12814:
12813:
12811:
12810:
12805:
12800:
12795:
12790:
12785:
12780:
12775:
12769:
12767:
12760:
12749:
12745:
12744:
12741:
12740:
12738:
12737:
12732:
12727:
12722:
12716:
12714:
12708:
12707:
12705:
12704:
12699:
12694:
12689:
12684:
12679:
12674:
12668:
12666:
12662:
12661:
12658:
12657:
12655:
12654:
12649:
12644:
12638:
12636:
12632:
12631:
12629:
12628:
12623:
12618:
12613:
12612:
12611:
12606:
12595:
12593:
12589:
12588:
12586:
12585:
12580:
12575:
12570:
12565:
12560:
12555:
12550:
12545:
12544:
12543:
12532:
12530:
12523:
12515:
12514:
12511:
12510:
12508:
12507:
12506:
12505:
12500:
12492:
12486:
12484:
12480:
12479:
12477:
12476:
12471:
12466:
12465:
12464:
12459:
12448:
12446:
12442:
12441:
12439:
12438:
12433:
12427:
12425:
12421:
12420:
12418:
12417:
12412:
12407:
12401:
12399:
12395:
12394:
12392:
12391:
12386:
12380:
12378:
12374:
12373:
12371:
12370:
12365:
12359:
12357:
12350:
12341:
12335:
12334:
12331:
12330:
12328:
12327:
12321:
12319:
12315:
12314:
12312:
12311:
12306:
12301:
12296:
12290:
12288:
12284:
12283:
12281:
12280:
12275:
12270:
12265:
12264:
12263:
12262:
12261:
12256:
12251:
12246:
12236:
12227:
12222:
12212:
12207:
12202:
12196:
12194:
12187:
12181:
12180:
12177:
12176:
12174:
12173:
12172:
12171:
12161:
12156:
12151:
12146:
12140:
12138:
12134:
12133:
12131:
12130:
12125:
12120:
12115:
12110:
12105:
12100:
12095:
12090:
12085:
12080:
12075:
12070:
12065:
12060:
12055:
12050:
12045:
12040:
12034:
12032:
12026:
12025:
12023:
12022:
12017:
12012:
12007:
12002:
11997:
11992:
11987:
11982:
11977:
11972:
11967:
11962:
11957:
11951:
11949:
11943:
11942:
11940:
11939:
11934:
11929:
11928:
11927:
11922:
11917:
11909:
11904:
11903:
11902:
11900:Lisan ud-Dawat
11892:
11886:
11884:
11875:
11871:
11870:
11867:
11866:
11864:
11863:
11858:
11853:
11848:
11843:
11838:
11832:
11830:
11824:
11823:
11820:
11819:
11817:
11816:
11811:
11806:
11801:
11796:
11790:
11788:
11782:
11781:
11779:
11778:
11773:
11772:
11771:
11760:
11758:
11751:
11744:
11740:
11739:
11736:
11735:
11733:
11732:
11727:
11722:
11717:
11712:
11707:
11702:
11697:
11692:
11687:
11682:
11677:
11672:
11667:
11662:
11657:
11652:
11646:
11644:
11638:
11637:
11635:
11634:
11629:
11623:
11621:
11617:
11616:
11614:
11613:
11608:
11603:
11597:
11595:
11588:
11582:
11581:
11578:
11577:
11575:
11574:
11569:
11564:
11559:
11554:
11549:
11544:
11538:
11536:
11532:
11531:
11529:
11528:
11523:
11517:
11515:
11511:
11510:
11508:
11507:
11502:
11497:
11492:
11487:
11481:
11479:
11475:
11474:
11472:
11471:
11465:
11463:
11459:
11458:
11456:
11455:
11450:
11445:
11440:
11435:
11430:
11425:
11419:
11417:
11413:
11412:
11410:
11409:
11404:
11398:
11396:
11389:
11383:
11382:
11375:
11374:
11367:
11360:
11352:
11343:
11342:
11340:
11339:
11334:
11329:
11324:
11319:
11313:
11310:
11309:
11306:
11305:
11303:
11302:
11297:
11292:
11287:
11282:
11277:
11272:
11267:
11262:
11257:
11252:
11247:
11242:
11237:
11232:
11227:
11222:
11217:
11212:
11207:
11202:
11197:
11192:
11187:
11182:
11177:
11171:
11169:
11161:
11160:
11158:
11157:
11152:
11147:
11142:
11137:
11132:
11127:
11122:
11117:
11112:
11107:
11102:
11097:
11092:
11087:
11082:
11077:
11072:
11067:
11062:
11057:
11052:
11047:
11042:
11036:
11034:
11030:Over 1 million
11023:
11013:
11012:
11009:
11008:
11006:
11005:
11000:
10995:
10990:
10985:
10980:
10975:
10970:
10965:
10960:
10955:
10950:
10945:
10940:
10935:
10930:
10925:
10920:
10915:
10910:
10905:
10900:
10895:
10890:
10885:
10880:
10875:
10869:
10867:
10863:
10862:
10860:
10859:
10854:
10849:
10844:
10839:
10834:
10829:
10824:
10819:
10814:
10809:
10803:
10798:
10793:
10788:
10783:
10778:
10773:
10768:
10763:
10758:
10753:
10747:
10745:
10734:
10733:
10731:
10730:
10725:
10719:
10717:
10710:
10702:
10701:
10694:
10693:
10686:
10679:
10671:
10665:
10662:
10661:
10649:
10648:
10646:
10645:
10640:
10635:
10630:
10625:
10623:Jnanpith Award
10620:
10615:
10610:
10604:
10602:
10598:
10597:
10595:
10594:
10589:
10583:
10581:
10577:
10576:
10574:
10573:
10567:
10565:
10561:
10560:
10558:
10557:
10552:
10551:
10550:
10540:
10535:
10530:
10525:
10519:
10517:
10511:
10510:
10507:
10506:
10504:
10503:
10498:
10493:
10488:
10482:
10480:
10470:
10469:
10467:
10466:
10461:
10456:
10451:
10446:
10440:
10438:
10432:
10431:
10429:
10428:
10423:
10418:
10413:
10408:
10403:
10398:
10392:
10390:
10381:
10377:
10376:
10374:
10373:
10368:
10363:
10358:
10353:
10348:
10343:
10338:
10333:
10332:
10331:
10326:
10321:
10310:
10307:
10306:
10299:
10298:
10291:
10284:
10276:
10270:
10269:
10264:
10257:
10256:External links
10254:
10253:
10252:
10237:
10217:Krämer, Gudrun
10204:
10201:
10199:
10198:
10180:
10177:
10166:
10155:
10143:
10140:
10139:
10138:
10132:
10115:
10097:
10091:
10076:
10070:
10053:
10044:
10031:
10016:
10010:
9989:
9983:
9965:
9959:
9944:
9938:
9920:
9907:
9893:McGregor, R.S.
9889:
9868:
9851:Koul, Omkar N.
9847:
9817:
9804:
9788:
9786:
9783:
9780:
9779:
9753:
9735:
9709:
9696:
9689:
9663:
9656:
9638:
9631:
9613:
9606:
9586:
9577:
9568:
9556:
9535:
9502:
9483:
9471:
9453:
9428:
9399:
9283:
9276:
9258:
9232:
9199:
9182:jagranjosh.com
9168:
9143:
9127:
9106:
9095:
9070:
9059:on 2 June 2016
9041:
9011:
8999:
8969:
8951:
8925:
8882:
8849:
8826:
8819:
8801:
8775:
8744:
8703:
8678:
8648:
8637:on 9 June 2009
8622:
8592:
8555:
8519:
8482:
8456:
8430:
8404:
8385:
8352:
8326:
8307:
8287:
8276:on 8 July 2016
8255:
8225:
8201:
8174:
8142:
8124:
8117:
8095:
8088:
8064:
8057:
8037:
8020:
8002:
7993:
7986:
7966:
7951:
7937:
7911:
7894:
7884:
7862:
7852:
7828:
7806:
7795:
7775:
7764:
7743:
7736:
7717:
7707:
7701:. Readworthy.
7687:
7677:
7659:
7641:
7620:
7613:. p. 27.
7597:
7587:
7569:
7540:
7531:
7522:
7489:
7482:
7461:
7447:
7440:
7420:
7413:
7407:. Penguin UK.
7393:
7367:
7338:
7286:Indiaspend.com
7249:
7224:
7202:
7191:
7167:
7156:2010 estimates
7141:
7109:
7090:
7079:
7056:
7045:
7014:
6987:
6951:
6929:
6904:
6882:
6860:
6829:
6806:
6773:
6747:
6737:
6708:
6698:
6671:
6641:
6611:
6602:
6572:
6551:
6523:
6494:
6461:
6454:
6436:
6429:
6402:
6374:
6352:
6351:
6349:
6346:
6343:
6342:
6316:
6315:
6313:
6310:
6309:
6308:
6303:
6298:
6293:
6287:
6282:
6277:
6272:
6267:
6261:
6256:
6249:
6246:
6245:
6244:
6237:
6235:
6232:
6225:
6223:
6220:
6218:
6216:
6209:
6202:
6201:
6200:
6196:
6188:
6187:
6180:
6178:
6160:
6157:
6140:
6137:
6115:Mahadevi Varma
5998:(devotional –
5986:Main article:
5983:
5980:
5978:
5975:
5972:
5971:
5968:
5965:
5958:
5957:
5954:
5951:
5944:
5943:
5940:
5937:
5930:
5929:
5926:
5923:
5916:
5915:
5912:
5909:
5902:
5901:
5898:
5895:
5888:
5887:
5884:
5881:
5874:
5873:
5870:
5867:
5860:
5859:
5856:
5853:
5846:
5845:
5842:
5839:
5829:
5826:
5825:
5824:
5821:
5815:
5814:
5811:
5799:
5786:
5785:
5782:
5770:
5757:
5756:
5753:
5741:
5728:
5727:
5724:
5712:
5699:
5698:
5695:
5683:
5670:
5669:
5666:
5654:
5641:
5640:
5637:
5625:
5612:
5611:
5608:
5596:
5583:
5582:
5579:
5567:
5554:
5553:
5550:
5547:
5501:
5500:
5492:
5490:
5479:
5477:
5466:
5418:
5415:
5360:
5357:
5328:
5325:
5305:
5304:
5244:
5218:
5168:
5158:from Sanskrit
5132:
5062:
5059:
5056:
5055:
5052:
5051:
5046:
5044:
5037:
5034:
5033:
5028:
5026:
5019:
5016:
5015:
5012:
5009:
5003:
5002:
4992:
4991:
4981:
4972:
4964:
4963:
4957:nasal vowel fa
4955:
4952:
4941:
4932:
4925:
4918:
4915:
4914:
4907:
4904:
4894:
4885:
4878:
4871:
4868:
4867:
4860:
4857:
4847:
4838:
4831:
4824:
4821:
4820:
4813:
4810:
4799:
4790:
4783:
4776:
4773:
4772:
4766:
4763:
4749:
4740:
4733:
4726:
4723:
4722:
4715:
4712:
4701:
4692:
4685:
4678:
4675:
4674:
4667:
4664:
4653:
4644:
4637:
4630:
4627:
4626:
4620:
4617:
4606:
4597:
4590:
4583:
4580:
4579:
4572:
4569:
4558:
4549:
4542:
4535:
4532:
4531:
4524:
4521:
4510:
4501:
4494:
4487:
4484:
4483:
4476:
4473:
4462:
4453:
4446:
4439:
4436:
4435:
4428:
4425:
4414:
4405:
4398:
4391:
4388:
4387:
4382:
4377:
4371:
4370:
4367:
4364:
4361:
4355:
4354:
4345:
4342:
4341:
4334:
4331:
4320:
4311:
4304:
4297:
4294:
4293:
4287:
4284:
4274:
4265:
4258:
4251:
4248:
4247:
4238:
4235:
4225:
4216:
4209:
4202:
4199:
4198:
4192:
4189:
4178:
4169:
4162:
4155:
4152:
4151:
4145:
4142:
4132:
4123:
4116:
4109:
4106:
4105:
4099:
4096:
4086:
4077:
4070:
4063:
4060:
4059:
4052:
4049:
4035:
4026:
4019:
4012:
4009:
4008:
4001:
3998:
3988:
3979:
3972:
3965:
3962:
3961:
3955:
3952:
3942:
3933:
3926:
3919:
3916:
3915:
3909:
3906:
3896:
3887:
3880:
3873:
3870:
3869:
3860:
3855:
3851:
3850:
3839:
3836:
3826:
3817:
3810:
3803:
3800:
3799:
3793:
3790:
3780:
3771:
3764:
3757:
3754:
3753:
3747:
3744:
3733:
3724:
3717:
3710:
3707:
3706:
3696:
3687:
3679:
3678:
3668:
3659:
3651:
3650:
3644:
3641:
3631:
3622:
3615:
3608:
3605:
3604:
3601:
3598:
3587:
3578:
3571:
3564:
3561:
3560:
3553:
3550:
3539:
3530:
3523:
3516:
3513:
3512:
3505:
3502:
3491:
3482:
3475:
3468:
3465:
3464:
3461:
3450:
3441:
3433:
3432:
3425:
3422:
3412:
3403:
3396:
3389:
3386:
3385:
3380:somewhat like
3378:
3375:
3365:
3356:
3349:
3342:
3339:
3338:
3332:
3329:
3319:
3310:
3303:
3296:
3293:
3292:
3285:
3282:
3272:
3263:
3256:
3249:
3246:
3245:
3239:
3236:
3225:
3216:
3209:
3202:
3199:
3198:
3192:
3189:
3179:
3170:
3163:
3156:
3153:
3152:
3145:
3142:
3132:
3123:
3116:
3109:
3106:
3105:
3099:
3096:
3086:
3077:
3070:
3063:
3060:
3059:
3053:
3050:
3040:
3031:
3024:
3017:
3014:
3013:
3007:
3004:
2994:
2985:
2978:
2971:
2968:
2967:
2960:
2957:
2947:
2938:
2931:
2924:
2921:
2920:
2914:
2911:
2901:
2892:
2885:
2878:
2875:
2874:
2871:
2861:
2852:
2844:
2843:
2836:
2833:
2823:
2814:
2807:
2800:
2797:
2796:
2793:
2790:
2780:
2771:
2764:
2757:
2754:
2753:
2734:
2732:
2721:
2712:
2705:
2695:
2694:
2687:
2684:
2674:
2665:
2658:
2651:
2648:
2647:
2640:
2637:
2627:
2618:
2611:
2604:
2601:
2600:
2594:
2591:
2581:
2572:
2565:
2558:
2555:
2554:
2547:
2544:
2534:
2525:
2518:
2511:
2508:
2507:
2498:
2495:
2485:
2476:
2469:
2462:
2459:
2458:
2451:
2448:
2438:
2429:
2422:
2415:
2412:
2411:
2404:
2401:
2391:
2382:
2375:
2368:
2365:
2364:
2357:
2354:
2344:
2335:
2328:
2321:
2318:
2317:
2311:
2308:
2298:
2289:
2282:
2275:
2272:
2271:
2264:
2261:
2251:
2242:
2235:
2228:
2225:
2224:
2217:
2214:
2204:
2195:
2188:
2181:
2178:
2177:
2172:
2167:
2161:
2160:
2157:
2154:
2151:
2145:
2144:
2131:
2128:
2114:, also called
2082:Main article:
2079:
2076:
2072:schwa deletion
2052:Main article:
2049:
2046:
2038:Andhra Pradesh
1982:Linguistically
1964:
1961:
1853:northern India
1844:
1841:
1832:
1829:
1811:
1808:
1791:
1788:
1747:
1744:
1692:Madhya Pradesh
1617:
1614:
1612:
1609:
1568:
1567:
1559:
1547:
1544:
1496:John Gilchrist
1411:imperial court
1386:
1383:
1382:
1381:
1364:
1333:
1311:
1297:
1283:schwa deletion
1279:
1269:
1255:
1215:Vedic Sanskrit
1210:
1207:
1199:
1196:
1071:
1068:
1042:, followed by
1003:with standard
866:
865:
863:
862:
855:
848:
840:
837:
836:
835:
834:
829:
824:
816:
815:
809:
808:
807:
806:
801:
796:
788:
787:
781:
780:
779:
778:
773:
768:
763:
758:
750:
749:
743:
742:
741:
740:
737:
736:
730:
725:
719:
714:
708:
703:
698:
692:
687:
682:
675:
671:
669:
664:
656:
655:
649:
648:
640:
639:
627:
626:
623:
615:
614:
607:
601:
600:
593:
585:
584:
577:
572:
569:
568:
561:
553:
552:
543:
535:
534:
525:
517:
516:
515:Language codes
512:
511:
506:
500:
499:
496:
495:
482:
467:
466:
464:
459:
456:
455:
453:
452:
451:
450:
438:
426:
414:
412:Madhya Pradesh
402:
390:
378:
366:
354:
339:
338:
324:
322:
319:
316:
315:
311:
310:
305:
298:
295:
294:
293:
292:
287:
277:
271:
265:
259:
251:
247:Writing system
244:
241:
240:
238:
237:
236:
235:
234:
233:
232:
231:
207:
205:
202:
199:
198:
196:
195:
194:
193:
192:
191:
190:
189:
188:
187:
186:
185:
151:
149:
142:
139:
138:
127:
126:Total speakers
123:
122:
108:
104:
103:
98:
97:Native to
94:
93:
86:
82:
81:
74:
66:
65:
55:
54:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
15133:
15122:
15119:
15117:
15114:
15112:
15109:
15107:
15104:
15102:
15099:
15097:
15094:
15092:
15089:
15087:
15084:
15082:
15079:
15077:
15074:
15072:
15069:
15067:
15064:
15063:
15061:
15049:
15048:
15036:
15032:
15031:
15019:
15015:
15014:
15002:
14998:
14997:
14985:
14981:
14980:
14968:
14965:from Wikinews
14964:
14963:
14951:
14947:
14946:
14934:
14930:
14929:
14917:
14916:
14913:
14907:
14899:
14894:
14889:
14887:
14882:
14877:
14875:
14870:
14865:
14863:
14853:
14852:
14849:
14830:
14827:
14825:
14822:
14820:
14817:
14815:
14812:
14810:
14807:
14805:
14802:
14800:
14797:
14795:
14792:
14790:
14787:
14785:
14782:
14780:
14777:
14775:
14772:
14770:
14767:
14765:
14762:
14760:
14757:
14755:
14752:
14751:
14749:
14747:
14741:
14731:
14728:
14726:
14725:Tehri Garhwal
14723:
14721:
14718:
14716:
14715:Pauri Garhwal
14713:
14711:
14708:
14706:
14703:
14701:
14698:
14697:
14695:
14693:
14689:
14683:
14680:
14678:
14675:
14673:
14670:
14668:
14665:
14663:
14660:
14658:
14655:
14654:
14652:
14650:
14646:
14643:
14641:
14637:
14629:
14626:
14624:
14621:
14620:
14619:
14616:
14612:
14609:
14607:
14604:
14603:
14602:
14599:
14597:
14594:
14590:
14587:
14586:
14585:
14582:
14580:
14577:
14573:
14570:
14568:
14565:
14563:
14560:
14558:
14555:
14554:
14552:
14551:
14549:
14547:
14541:
14535:
14532:
14530:
14527:
14525:
14522:
14518:
14515:
14514:
14513:
14510:
14506:
14503:
14501:
14498:
14497:
14496:
14493:
14492:
14490:
14486:
14476:
14473:
14471:
14468:
14466:
14463:
14461:
14458:
14456:
14453:
14451:
14448:
14447:
14445:
14443:
14437:
14431:
14428:
14426:
14423:
14421:
14418:
14416:
14413:
14409:
14406:
14405:
14404:
14401:
14397:
14394:
14393:
14392:
14389:
14385:
14382:
14381:
14380:
14377:
14375:
14372:
14371:
14369:
14367:
14361:
14355:
14352:
14350:
14347:
14345:
14342:
14340:
14337:
14333:
14330:
14329:
14328:
14325:
14321:
14318:
14317:
14316:
14313:
14312:
14310:
14306:
14303:
14301:
14297:
14289:
14286:
14284:
14281:
14280:
14279:
14276:
14272:
14269:
14268:
14267:
14264:
14260:
14257:
14256:
14255:
14252:
14250:
14247:
14245:
14242:
14240:
14237:
14235:
14232:
14231:
14229:
14225:
14215:
14212:
14210:
14207:
14206:
14204:
14200:
14192:
14189:
14188:
14187:
14184:
14182:
14179:
14177:
14174:
14173:
14171:
14167:
14164:
14162:
14156:
14138:
14135:
14133:
14130:
14128:
14125:
14123:
14120:
14118:
14115:
14113:
14110:
14108:
14105:
14104:
14102:
14100:
14099:Tibeto-Burman
14096:
14090:
14087:
14085:
14082:
14080:
14077:
14075:
14072:
14070:
14067:
14065:
14062:
14061:
14059:
14057:
14053:
14050:
14046:
14040:
14037:
14035:
14032:
14031:
14029:
14025:
14022:
14018:
14008:
14005:
14003:
14000:
13999:
13997:
13995:
13987:
13981:
13978:
13976:
13973:
13971:
13968:
13966:
13963:
13961:
13958:
13957:
13955:
13953:
13949:
13943:
13940:
13938:
13935:
13933:
13930:
13928:
13925:
13923:
13920:
13919:
13917:
13915:
13911:
13908:
13906:
13900:
13897:
13893:
13879:
13876:
13874:
13871:
13869:
13866:
13864:
13861:
13860:
13858:
13854:
13848:
13845:
13843:
13840:
13838:
13835:
13834:
13832:
13828:
13825:
13821:
13811:
13808:
13806:
13803:
13801:
13798:
13796:
13793:
13792:
13790:
13788:
13784:
13778:
13775:
13773:
13770:
13768:
13765:
13763:
13762:Sivalik Hills
13760:
13758:
13755:
13753:
13750:
13749:
13747:
13743:
13740:
13734:
13731:
13729:
13721:
13711:
13708:
13706:
13703:
13702:
13700:
13694:
13684:
13681:
13679:
13676:
13674:
13671:
13670:
13668:
13666:
13660:
13654:
13651:
13649:
13646:
13644:
13641:
13640:
13638:
13636:
13630:
13627:
13621:
13615:
13612:
13610:
13607:
13603:
13600:
13599:
13598:
13595:
13593:
13592:Raika Kingdom
13590:
13588:
13587:Khasa Kingdom
13585:
13581:
13580:Chand dynasty
13578:
13576:
13573:
13572:
13571:
13568:
13564:
13561:
13560:
13559:
13556:
13555:
13553:
13547:
13541:
13538:
13536:
13533:
13531:
13530:Kushan Empire
13528:
13526:
13525:Maurya Empire
13523:
13521:
13518:
13516:
13513:
13511:
13508:
13506:
13503:
13501:
13498:
13496:
13493:
13491:
13488:
13487:
13485:
13479:
13476:
13474:
13470:
13460:
13457:
13455:
13452:
13450:
13447:
13445:
13442:
13440:
13439:Chief Justice
13437:
13435:
13432:
13431:
13429:
13425:
13419:
13416:
13414:
13411:
13407:
13404:
13403:
13402:
13399:
13398:
13396:
13392:
13384:
13381:
13379:
13376:
13374:
13371:
13370:
13369:
13366:
13362:
13359:
13357:
13354:
13352:
13349:
13347:
13344:
13342:
13339:
13338:
13337:
13334:
13332:
13329:
13327:
13324:
13322:
13319:
13315:
13312:
13311:
13310:
13307:
13305:
13302:
13300:
13297:
13296:
13294:
13290:
13284:
13281:
13279:
13276:
13274:
13271:
13269:
13266:
13265:
13263:
13261:
13257:
13254:
13252:
13248:
13244:
13243:
13238:
13237:
13232:
13231:
13226:
13221:
13217:
13213:
13206:
13201:
13199:
13194:
13192:
13187:
13186:
13183:
13170:
13167:
13165:
13162:
13160:
13157:
13154:
13153:
13149:
13143:
13140:
13138:
13135:
13133:
13130:
13128:
13127:Haflong Hindi
13125:
13123:
13120:
13118:
13115:
13114:
13112:
13106:
13100:
13097:
13093:
13090:
13088:
13085:
13084:
13083:
13082:Chinali–Lahul
13080:
13078:
13075:
13072:
13069:
13068:
13066:
13062:
13056:
13053:
13051:
13048:
13047:
13045:
13039:
13029:
13028:Khasa Prakrit
13026:
13024:
13021:
13019:
13016:
13014:
13011:
13009:
13006:
13005:
13003:
13000:
12995:
12989:
12986:
12984:
12981:
12977:
12974:
12972:
12969:
12967:
12964:
12962:
12959:
12958:
12957:
12954:
12952:
12949:
12948:
12946:
12943:
12938:
12932:
12929:
12927:
12924:
12922:
12919:
12918:
12916:
12912:
12909:
12907:
12903:
12897:
12894:
12890:
12887:
12885:
12882:
12881:
12880:
12877:
12876:
12874:
12870:
12860:
12857:
12855:
12852:
12851:
12849:
12845:
12835:
12832:
12830:
12827:
12825:
12822:
12821:
12819:
12815:
12809:
12806:
12804:
12801:
12799:
12796:
12794:
12791:
12789:
12786:
12784:
12781:
12779:
12776:
12774:
12771:
12770:
12768:
12764:
12761:
12759:
12753:
12750:
12746:
12736:
12733:
12731:
12728:
12726:
12723:
12721:
12718:
12717:
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12304:Chhattisgarhi
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12098:Rathwi Bareli
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11700:Mahasu Pahari
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10883:Chhattisgarhi
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10496:Haflong Hindi
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10351:Kinship terms
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9969:Masica, Colin
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9121:. Routledge.
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8569:"Hindi, Fiji"
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8536:. Ahmedabad:
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8500:. Ahmedabad:
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8471:. 31 May 2019
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7876:PublicAffairs
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7695:Kumar, Uday.
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7375:Khan, Rajak.
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7265:Deccan Herald
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6820:Deccan Herald
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6624:lawmin.nic.in
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6214:
6210:
6207:
6203:
6199:
6198:
6197:
6194:
6190:
6189:
6181:
6179:
6176:
6175:
6174:
6172:
6166:
6156:
6154:
6150:
6146:
6136:
6134:
6130:
6129:Uttar Ādhunik
6126:
6124:
6120:
6116:
6112:
6108:
6104:
6100:
6096:
6095:
6089:
6087:
6083:
6078:
6076:
6072:
6068:
6064:
6060:
6057:, written by
6056:
6055:
6050:
6048:
6044:
6040:
6036:
6032:
6027:
6025:
6021:
6017:
6013:
6009:
6005:
6001:
5997:
5996:
5989:
5969:
5966:
5963:
5960:
5959:
5955:
5952:
5949:
5946:
5945:
5941:
5938:
5935:
5932:
5931:
5927:
5924:
5921:
5918:
5917:
5913:
5910:
5907:
5904:
5903:
5899:
5896:
5893:
5890:
5889:
5885:
5882:
5879:
5876:
5875:
5871:
5868:
5865:
5862:
5861:
5857:
5854:
5851:
5848:
5847:
5843:
5840:
5837:
5836:
5833:
5822:
5819:
5818:
5812:
5809:
5800:
5797:
5788:
5787:
5783:
5780:
5771:
5768:
5759:
5758:
5754:
5751:
5742:
5739:
5730:
5729:
5725:
5722:
5713:
5710:
5701:
5700:
5696:
5693:
5684:
5681:
5672:
5671:
5667:
5664:
5655:
5652:
5643:
5642:
5638:
5635:
5626:
5623:
5614:
5613:
5609:
5606:
5597:
5594:
5585:
5584:
5580:
5577:
5568:
5565:
5556:
5555:
5551:
5548:
5545:
5544:
5538:
5536:
5532:
5528:
5525:"difficult",
5524:
5520:
5516:
5512:
5508:
5498:
5491:
5488:
5486:
5478:
5475:
5465:
5464:
5461:
5459:
5454:
5452:
5448:
5447:Mughal Empire
5444:
5440:
5436:
5432:
5428:
5424:
5414:
5412:
5408:
5404:
5400:
5396:
5392:
5387:
5385:
5380:
5378:
5374:
5370:
5366:
5356:
5354:
5350:
5347:> Prakrit
5346:
5342:
5338:
5334:
5324:
5322:
5318:
5314:
5310:
5302:
5299:from English
5298:
5289:
5280:
5276:
5272:
5268:
5264:
5248:
5245:
5242:
5238:
5237:onomatopoetic
5222:
5219:
5216:
5207:
5199:
5195:
5174:
5173:
5169:
5166:
5157:
5136:
5133:
5130:
5126:
5117:
5108:
5099:
5083:
5082:
5078:
5077:
5076:
5072:
5068:
5047:
5045:
5041:
5036:
5035:
5029:
5027:
5023:
5018:
5017:
5013:
5010:
5008:
5005:
5004:
5001:
4997:
4989:
4988:
4982:
4973:
4966:
4965:
4960:
4950:
4948:
4942:
4933:
4926:
4922:
4916:
4912:
4908:
4905:
4902:
4900:
4895:
4886:
4879:
4875:
4870:
4869:
4865:
4861:
4858:
4855:
4853:
4848:
4839:
4832:
4828:
4823:
4822:
4818:
4814:
4811:
4808:
4806:
4800:
4791:
4784:
4780:
4775:
4774:
4771:
4767:
4764:
4761:
4760:
4756:
4750:
4741:
4734:
4730:
4725:
4724:
4720:
4716:
4713:
4710:
4708:
4702:
4693:
4686:
4682:
4677:
4676:
4672:
4668:
4665:
4662:
4660:
4654:
4645:
4638:
4634:
4629:
4628:
4624:
4621:
4618:
4615:
4613:
4607:
4598:
4591:
4587:
4582:
4581:
4577:
4573:
4570:
4567:
4565:
4559:
4550:
4543:
4539:
4534:
4533:
4529:
4525:
4522:
4519:
4517:
4511:
4502:
4495:
4491:
4486:
4485:
4481:
4477:
4474:
4471:
4469:
4463:
4454:
4447:
4443:
4438:
4437:
4433:
4429:
4426:
4423:
4421:
4415:
4406:
4399:
4395:
4390:
4389:
4386:
4383:
4381:
4378:
4376:
4373:
4372:
4360:
4356:
4353:
4349:
4346:
4339:
4335:
4332:
4329:
4327:
4321:
4312:
4305:
4301:
4296:
4295:
4291:
4288:
4285:
4282:
4281:
4275:
4266:
4259:
4255:
4250:
4249:
4246:
4242:
4239:
4236:
4233:
4231:
4226:
4217:
4210:
4206:
4201:
4200:
4196:
4193:
4190:
4187:
4185:
4179:
4170:
4163:
4159:
4154:
4153:
4149:
4146:
4143:
4140:
4138:
4133:
4124:
4117:
4113:
4108:
4107:
4103:
4100:
4097:
4094:
4092:
4087:
4078:
4071:
4067:
4062:
4061:
4057:
4053:
4050:
4047:
4045:
4041:
4036:
4027:
4020:
4016:
4011:
4010:
4006:
4002:
3999:
3996:
3994:
3989:
3980:
3973:
3969:
3964:
3963:
3960:
3956:
3953:
3950:
3948:
3943:
3934:
3927:
3923:
3918:
3917:
3913:
3910:
3907:
3904:
3902:
3897:
3888:
3881:
3877:
3872:
3871:
3868:
3866:
3861:
3856:
3853:
3852:
3848:
3844:
3841:similar to ou
3834:
3832:
3827:
3818:
3811:
3807:
3801:
3797:
3794:
3791:
3788:
3787:
3781:
3772:
3765:
3761:
3756:
3755:
3751:
3748:
3745:
3742:
3740:
3734:
3725:
3718:
3714:
3709:
3708:
3704:
3702:
3697:
3688:
3681:
3680:
3676:
3674:
3669:
3660:
3653:
3652:
3648:
3639:
3637:
3632:
3623:
3616:
3612:
3606:
3602:
3599:
3596:
3594:
3588:
3579:
3572:
3568:
3563:
3562:
3558:
3554:
3551:
3548:
3546:
3540:
3531:
3524:
3520:
3515:
3514:
3510:
3506:
3503:
3500:
3498:
3492:
3483:
3476:
3472:
3467:
3466:
3462:
3459:
3457:
3451:
3442:
3435:
3434:
3430:
3423:
3420:
3418:
3413:
3404:
3397:
3393:
3387:
3383:
3379:
3376:
3373:
3371:
3366:
3357:
3350:
3346:
3341:
3340:
3336:
3333:
3330:
3327:
3325:
3320:
3311:
3304:
3300:
3295:
3294:
3290:
3286:
3283:
3280:
3278:
3273:
3264:
3257:
3253:
3248:
3247:
3244:
3240:
3237:
3234:
3232:
3226:
3217:
3210:
3206:
3201:
3200:
3197:
3193:
3190:
3187:
3186:
3180:
3171:
3164:
3160:
3155:
3154:
3150:
3146:
3143:
3140:
3138:
3133:
3124:
3117:
3113:
3108:
3107:
3103:
3100:
3097:
3094:
3092:
3087:
3078:
3071:
3067:
3062:
3061:
3057:
3054:
3051:
3048:
3046:
3041:
3032:
3025:
3021:
3016:
3015:
3011:
3008:
3005:
3002:
3000:
2995:
2986:
2979:
2975:
2970:
2969:
2965:
2961:
2958:
2955:
2953:
2948:
2939:
2932:
2928:
2923:
2922:
2918:
2915:
2912:
2909:
2907:
2902:
2893:
2886:
2882:
2877:
2876:
2872:
2869:
2867:
2862:
2853:
2846:
2845:
2841:
2834:
2831:
2829:
2824:
2815:
2808:
2804:
2798:
2794:
2791:
2788:
2787:
2781:
2772:
2765:
2761:
2756:
2755:
2751:
2747:
2743:
2739:
2736:The pause in
2735:
2733:
2730:
2728:
2722:
2713:
2706:
2702:
2697:
2696:
2692:
2688:
2685:
2682:
2680:
2675:
2666:
2659:
2655:
2650:
2649:
2645:
2641:
2638:
2635:
2633:
2628:
2619:
2612:
2608:
2603:
2602:
2598:
2595:
2592:
2589:
2588:
2582:
2573:
2566:
2562:
2557:
2556:
2552:
2548:
2545:
2542:
2540:
2535:
2526:
2519:
2515:
2510:
2509:
2506:
2502:
2499:
2496:
2493:
2491:
2486:
2477:
2470:
2466:
2461:
2460:
2456:
2452:
2449:
2446:
2444:
2439:
2430:
2423:
2419:
2414:
2413:
2409:
2405:
2402:
2399:
2397:
2392:
2383:
2376:
2372:
2367:
2366:
2362:
2358:
2355:
2352:
2350:
2345:
2336:
2329:
2325:
2320:
2319:
2315:
2312:
2309:
2306:
2304:
2299:
2290:
2283:
2279:
2274:
2273:
2269:
2265:
2262:
2259:
2257:
2252:
2243:
2236:
2232:
2227:
2226:
2222:
2218:
2215:
2212:
2210:
2205:
2196:
2189:
2185:
2180:
2179:
2176:
2173:
2171:
2168:
2166:
2163:
2162:
2150:
2146:
2143:
2139:
2136:
2135:
2127:
2125:
2121:
2117:
2113:
2109:
2107:
2103:
2099:
2095:
2091:
2085:
2075:
2073:
2069:
2065:
2061:
2055:
2045:
2043:
2039:
2035:
2031:
2027:
2023:
2022:Uttar Pradesh
2019:
2015:
2011:
2010:lingua franca
2007:
2003:
1999:
1994:
1990:
1987:
1983:
1978:
1974:
1970:
1960:
1958:
1954:
1950:
1946:
1942:
1938:
1934:
1930:
1926:
1922:
1918:
1914:
1909:
1907:
1903:
1899:
1894:
1892:
1887:
1885:
1881:
1877:
1873:
1872:lingua franca
1869:
1868:Haflong Hindi
1865:
1860:
1858:
1854:
1850:
1849:lingua franca
1847:Hindi is the
1840:
1838:
1828:
1825:
1821:
1817:
1807:
1805:
1801:
1797:
1787:
1785:
1781:
1777:
1773:
1769:
1765:
1761:
1757:
1753:
1743:
1741:
1735:
1733:
1729:
1725:
1721:
1717:
1713:
1710:, along with
1709:
1705:
1701:
1700:Uttar Pradesh
1697:
1693:
1689:
1685:
1681:
1677:
1673:
1668:
1665:
1661:
1659:
1655:
1651:
1644:
1639:
1637:
1633:
1628:
1622:
1608:
1606:
1601:
1597:
1593:
1592:Kaka Kalelkar
1589:
1585:
1581:
1577:
1573:
1564:
1560:
1557:
1553:
1552:
1551:
1543:
1541:
1537:
1533:
1532:Nāgarī script
1529:
1525:
1521:
1517:
1513:
1509:
1505:
1504:lingua franca
1501:
1497:
1493:
1491:
1487:
1483:
1479:
1475:
1471:
1467:
1463:
1459:
1455:
1451:
1447:
1443:
1442:Delhi dialect
1438:
1436:
1432:
1428:
1424:
1420:
1416:
1412:
1408:
1404:
1400:
1396:
1392:
1380:
1376:
1372:
1368:
1365:
1362:
1358:
1354:
1350:
1346:
1342:
1338:
1335:Intervocalic
1334:
1332:
1328:
1324:
1320:
1316:
1312:
1310:
1306:
1303:"other" >
1302:
1298:
1296:
1292:
1288:
1284:
1280:
1278:
1274:
1270:
1268:
1264:
1261:"night" >
1260:
1256:
1254:
1250:
1246:
1242:
1238:
1235:
1234:
1233:
1230:
1228:
1224:
1220:
1216:
1205:
1195:
1193:
1191:
1186:
1181:
1179:
1175:
1171:
1161:
1157:
1153:
1149:
1144:
1142:
1134:
1124:
1114:
1111:Another name
1109:
1107:
1106:
1101:
1097:
1093:
1085:
1081:
1077:
1067:
1065:
1061:
1057:
1054:) as well as
1053:
1049:
1045:
1041:
1036:
1034:
1030:
1026:
1022:
1017:
1014:Hindi is the
1012:
1010:
1006:
1002:
998:
994:
990:
986:
982:
978:
974:
970:
966:
965:Haflong Hindi
962:
957:
955:
951:
947:
943:
939:
935:
931:
928:
924:
920:
919:
918:lingua franca
914:
910:
906:
902:
898:
894:
890:
885:
872:
861:
856:
854:
849:
847:
842:
841:
839:
838:
833:
830:
828:
827:Kinship terms
825:
823:
820:
819:
818:
817:
814:
811:
810:
805:
802:
800:
797:
795:
792:
791:
790:
789:
786:
783:
782:
777:
774:
772:
769:
767:
764:
762:
759:
757:
754:
753:
752:
751:
748:
745:
744:
734:
731:
729:
726:
724:
720:
718:
715:
713:
709:
707:
704:
702:
699:
697:
693:
691:
688:
686:
683:
681:
677:
676:
674:
670:
668:
665:
663:
660:
659:
658:
657:
654:
651:
650:
646:
642:
641:
637:
633:
632:
621:
616:
612:
608:
606:
602:
598:
594:
592:
591:
586:
582:
578:
575:
574:Linguist List
570:
566:
562:
559:
554:
549:
544:
541:
536:
531:
526:
523:
518:
513:
510:
507:
505:
501:
493:
488:
483:
480:
469:
468:
465:
457:
449:
439:
437:
436:Uttar Pradesh
427:
425:
415:
413:
403:
401:
391:
389:
379:
377:
367:
365:
355:
353:
343:
342:
341:
340:
337:
326:
325:
323:
317:
312:
309:
306:
302:
296:
291:
288:
286:, unofficial)
285:
281:
278:
275:
272:
269:
266:
263:
260:
257:
254:
253:
252:
248:
242:
230:
227:
226:
225:
222:
221:
220:
217:
216:
215:
212:
211:
210:
206:
200:
184:
181:
180:
179:
176:
175:
174:
173:Western Hindi
171:
170:
169:
166:
165:
164:
161:
160:
159:
156:
155:
154:
153:Indo-European
150:
146:
140:
136:
131:
128:
124:
120:
116:
112:
109:
105:
102:
99:
95:
91:
87:
85:Pronunciation
83:
78:
72:
67:
56:
51:
48:
44:
40:
33:
19:
18:Rashtrabhasha
15045:
15028:
15011:
14994:
14977:
14960:
14948:from Commons
14943:
14926:
14905:
14425:Panch Prayag
14332:Asan Barrage
14033:
13895:Demographics
13810:Ganges Basin
13696:Contemporary
13602:Shah dynasty
13540:Gupta Empire
13520:Nanda Empire
13240:
13234:
13228:
13122:Bombay Hindi
13064:Unclassified
12961:Ardhamagadhi
12788:Berar Deccan
12642:Chittagonian
12635:Chittagonian
12224:
12128:Vaagri Booli
12093:Pauri Bareli
12088:Palya Bareli
12053:Dhodia–Kukna
11743:Northwestern
11433:Kundal Shahi
10775:
10738:8th schedule
10722:
10628:Hindi cinema
10491:Bombay Hindi
10302:
10240:
10224:
10191:, retrieved
10185:
10171:
10160:
10149:
10142:Dictionaries
10124:Hindī Bhasha
10123:
10119:
10107:. Retrieved
10102:
10081:
10061:
10048:
10036:. Retrieved
10021:
10001:
9973:
9949:
9928:
9912:. Retrieved
9897:
9881:. Retrieved
9874:the original
9855:
9823:
9809:. Retrieved
9794:
9785:Bibliography
9770:. Retrieved
9756:
9738:
9726:. Retrieved
9723:Stepfeed.com
9722:
9712:
9704:
9699:
9674:
9666:
9647:
9641:
9622:
9616:
9596:
9589:
9580:
9571:
9538:
9444:. Retrieved
9440:
9431:
9402:
9267:
9261:
9249:. Retrieved
9245:
9235:
9223:. Retrieved
9211:
9202:
9190:. Retrieved
9186:the original
9181:
9171:
9159:. Retrieved
9155:
9146:
9135:
9134:replaced by
9132:
9118:
9100:
9082:
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9057:the original
9032:. Retrieved
9023:
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8981:
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8946:
8939:. Retrieved
8928:
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8905:the original
8898:
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8869:the original
8862:
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8844:the original
8839:
8829:
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8787:
8778:
8766:. Retrieved
8759:
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8716:
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8681:
8669:. Retrieved
8665:the original
8660:
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8639:. Retrieved
8635:the original
8625:
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8604:
8595:
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8572:
8546:. Retrieved
8531:
8522:
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8495:
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8473:. Retrieved
8468:
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8443:
8433:
8421:. Retrieved
8417:
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8365:
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8339:
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8297:
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8271:the original
8258:
8246:. Retrieved
8237:
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8217:the original
8204:
8193:the original
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8154:
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8127:
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8098:
8074:
8067:
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8040:
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7960:
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7942:. Retrieved
7922:
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7543:
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7509:the original
7504:
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7396:
7384:. Retrieved
7370:
7358:. Retrieved
7354:the original
7348:
7341:
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7325:
7309:. Retrieved
7305:
7289:. Retrieved
7285:
7269:. Retrieved
7263:
7252:
7240:. Retrieved
7236:
7227:
7211:"Hindustani"
7205:
7196:
7177:
7170:
7149:
7144:
7135:
7128:. Retrieved
7121:
7112:
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7070:
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6978:. Retrieved
6971:the original
6954:
6946:the original
6941:
6932:
6924:the original
6919:
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6877:the original
6872:
6863:
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6843:The Diplomat
6842:
6832:
6819:
6809:
6797:. Retrieved
6788:
6763:
6742:
6723:
6703:
6684:
6662:. Retrieved
6658:the original
6644:
6632:. Retrieved
6628:the original
6623:
6614:
6605:
6593:. Retrieved
6589:the original
6584:
6575:
6566:
6542:. Retrieved
6538:
6517:24 September
6515:, retrieved
6477:
6445:
6439:
6418:
6388:
6356:
6320:
6240:
6228:
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6079:
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6054:Chandrakanta
6053:
6051:
6028:
6023:
6022:(epic); and
6019:
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5961:
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5933:
5919:
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5877:
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5849:
5831:
5726:calculation
5534:
5530:
5526:
5522:
5514:
5510:
5504:
5493:
5480:
5467:
5455:
5438:
5434:
5420:
5410:
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5372:
5371:compounding
5364:
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5348:
5344:
5336:
5330:
5306:
5300:
5296:
5287:
5246:
5220:
5214:
5205:
5193:
5170:
5164:
5155:
5134:
5128:
5124:
5115:
5106:
5079:
5074:
4986:
4958:
4946:
4910:
4898:
4863:
4851:
4816:
4804:
4769:
4758:
4754:
4718:
4706:
4670:
4658:
4622:
4611:
4575:
4563:
4527:
4515:
4479:
4467:
4431:
4419:
4337:
4325:
4289:
4279:
4244:
4229:
4194:
4183:
4147:
4136:
4101:
4090:
4055:
4043:
4039:
4004:
3992:
3958:
3946:
3911:
3900:
3864:
3862:
3846:
3842:
3830:
3795:
3785:
3749:
3738:
3700:
3672:
3646:
3635:
3592:
3556:
3544:
3508:
3496:
3455:
3428:
3416:
3381:
3369:
3334:
3323:
3288:
3276:
3242:
3230:
3195:
3194:American bur
3184:
3148:
3136:
3101:
3090:
3055:
3044:
3009:
2998:
2963:
2951:
2916:
2905:
2865:
2839:
2827:
2785:
2745:
2741:
2737:
2726:
2690:
2678:
2643:
2631:
2596:
2586:
2550:
2549:American bir
2538:
2504:
2489:
2454:
2442:
2407:
2395:
2360:
2348:
2313:
2302:
2267:
2255:
2220:
2208:
2110:
2087:
2078:Romanisation
2057:
2009:
1993:Perso-Arabic
1985:
1980:
1951:; 20,000 in
1910:
1895:
1888:
1871:
1861:
1846:
1834:
1816:South Africa
1813:
1810:South Africa
1793:
1749:
1736:
1676:Chhattisgarh
1669:
1662:
1646:
1641:
1630:
1624:
1619:
1569:
1555:
1549:
1519:
1515:
1511:
1494:
1481:
1477:
1469:
1439:
1388:
1378:
1374:
1370:
1366:
1360:
1359:"reed" >
1356:
1352:
1351:"pond" >
1348:
1344:
1340:
1336:
1330:
1326:
1322:
1318:
1314:
1308:
1304:
1300:
1294:
1290:
1289:"firm" >
1286:
1276:
1275:"bond" >
1272:
1266:
1262:
1258:
1252:
1248:
1244:
1231:
1226:
1212:
1189:
1184:
1182:
1177:
1173:
1159:
1151:
1147:
1145:
1141:Amir Khusrau
1122:
1112:
1110:
1103:
1099:
1091:
1075:
1073:
1037:
1020:
1013:
958:
927:Sanskritised
916:
903:. It is the
888:
870:
869:
661:
605:Linguasphere
588:
479:South Africa
364:Chhattisgarh
308:Signed Hindi
301:Signed forms
276:(historical)
270:(historical)
264:(historical)
182:
158:Indo-Iranian
47:
14928:Definitions
14898:Linguistics
14799:Pithoragarh
14720:Rudraprayag
14677:Pithoragarh
14460:Jim Corbett
14420:Panch Kedar
14415:Sapta Badri
13914:Indo-Aryans
13698:Uttarakhand
13625:Uttarakhand
13449:Bar Council
13394:Legislature
13336:Departments
13236:Bhararisain
13216:Uttarakhand
13110:and creoles
13092:Lahul Lohar
12971:Maharashtri
12568:Mal Paharia
12558:Kharia Thar
12200:Braj Bhasha
10716:Union-level
10120:हिन्दी भाषा
9772:14 February
9728:16 December
9395:th-stopping
9251:17 December
9246:India Today
9192:27 November
9034:17 February
8992:17 February
8794:17 December
8768:17 December
8723:17 December
8585:17 February
8548:23 December
8444:The Swaddle
8367:India Today
8340:India Today
8280:26 December
8210:"Rajbhasha"
7558:25 February
7386:17 February
7360:13 February
7331:16 November
7326:India Today
7311:16 November
7291:16 November
7271:16 November
7086:High Hindi.
6853:22 December
6799:22 December
6595:18 February
6415:Keith Brown
6264:Hindi Divas
6159:Sample text
6082:Dvivedī Yug
6047:British Raj
6043:Braj Bhasha
5844:Portuguese
5533:"thought",
5519:Urdu poetry
5377:Śuddh Hindi
5351:> Hindi
5135:Ardhatatsam
5109:/ Sanskrit
3555:American ga
1949:New Zealand
1898:Afghanistan
1716:West Bengal
1704:Uttarakhand
1654:South India
1632:Article 351
1586:along with
1170:Indus River
1070:Terminology
940:dialect of
923:North India
899:written in
448:Uttarakhand
203:Early forms
15060:Categories
15047:Phrasebook
14979:Quotations
14730:Uttarkashi
14553:Transport
14465:Nanda Devi
14117:Chaudangsi
14056:Indo-Aryan
13823:Ecoregions
13736:Geological
13454:Lok Adalat
13434:High Court
13251:Government
13233:(winter);
13013:Apabhraṃśa
12999:Apabhraṃśa
12976:Shauraseni
12692:Bodo Parja
12677:Sambalpuri
12609:Goalpariya
12583:Tanchangya
12573:Noakhailla
12498:Bote-Darai
12309:Fiji Hindi
12278:Sadhukkadi
12249:Judeo-Urdu
12215:Hindustani
12005:Shekhawati
11947:Rajasthani
11932:Saurashtra
11660:Bhadarwahi
11490:Gawar-Bati
11332:Endangered
11135:Rajasthani
11019:unofficial
10978:Rajbangshi
10903:Kamatapuri
10808:(Manipuri)
10608:Literature
10464:Fiji Hindi
10426:Sansi Boli
10411:Hindustani
10371:Hindustani
10341:Devanagari
10319:Declension
10109:8 November
9161:7 November
9024:Ethnologue
8982:Ethnologue
8875:24 January
8671:14 October
8574:Ethnologue
8345:10 January
8167:7 February
6581:"About Us"
6544:6 December
6539:www.gov.za
6390:Ethnologue
6348:References
6254:Hindi Belt
6239:Article 1
6163:See also:
6153:newspapers
6099:shadow-ism
6026:(modern).
6010:(beauty –
5982:Literature
5828:Portuguese
5549:Hindi word
5513:"enough",
5427:Hindustani
5369:neologisms
5279:Portuguese
5061:Vocabulary
3507:American a
2142:Consonants
2124:Devanagari
2068:consonants
2054:Devanagari
1998:Hindustani
1891:Pakistanis
1857:Hindi Belt
1784:Fiji Hindi
1566:languages.
1563:Devanagari
1470:Prēm Sāgar
1415:Shah Jahan
1385:Hindustani
1227:apabhraṃśa
1217:, through
1146:The terms
1035:speakers.
1021:Ethnologue
977:Fiji Hindi
961:Hindustani
911:alongside
822:Vocabulary
799:Declension
717:Judeo-Urdu
712:Hyderabadi
258:(official)
256:Devanagari
224:Hindustani
214:Apabhraṃśa
178:Hindustani
163:Indo-Aryan
111:Hindi Belt
77:Devanagari
15030:Resources
15013:Textbooks
14874:Languages
14819:Mussoorie
14809:New Tehri
14789:Rishikesh
14667:Champawat
14662:Bageshwar
14640:Districts
14601:Education
14403:Kedarnath
14391:Badrinath
14379:Yamunotri
14308:Monuments
14254:Elections
14176:Districts
14161:divisions
14020:Languages
13980:Banrawats
13932:Jaunsaris
13922:Garhwalis
13830:Highlands
13745:Mountains
13724:Geography
13459:Lokayukta
13427:Judiciary
13292:Executive
13099:Sheikhgal
13043:languages
13008:Abahattha
12988:Paishachi
12889:Classical
12854:Maldivian
12626:Surjapuri
12592:Kamarupic
12494:Kuswaric
12356:Bhojpuric
12144:Khandeshi
11680:Chambeali
11675:Bilaspuri
11572:Mankiyali
11500:Shumashti
11495:Nangalami
11407:Kishtwari
11322:Classical
11140:Surjapuri
11100:Khandeshi
11070:Dhundhari
11021:languages
10993:Sikkimese
10801:Malayalam
10708:languages
10380:Varieties
10366:Etymology
10336:Phonology
10233:1873-9830
9270:. Brill.
9220:0971-751X
9212:The Hindu
9102:language.
8840:Scroll.in
8533:The Hindu
8469:Firstpost
8399:The Hindu
6729:Routledge
6567:The Hindu
6512:244313560
6504:2191-5768
6292:(by type)
6133:Chāyāvādī
6123:Chāyāvādī
6103:Chāyāvādī
5970:holandês
5964:(ओलंदेज़)
5956:Hospital
5950:(अस्पताल)
5855:pineapple
5537:"book").
5507:Partition
5407:(ṭeli)fon
5403:dūrdarśan
5313:calqueing
5301:committee
5263:loanwords
5140:अर्धतत्सम
5125:prārthanā
5121:प्रार्थना
4962:(, etc.)
4385:ISO 15919
4363:Examples
2175:ISO 15919
2153:Examples
2130:Phonology
2106:ISO 15919
2034:Telangana
1957:Singapore
1933:Mauritius
1913:Madheshis
1906:Bollywood
1696:Rajasthan
1688:Jharkhand
1656:(such as
1605:Hindi Day
1534:, and in
1474:Lallu Lal
1435:Bollywood
1421:spoke in
1419:Aurangzeb
1183:The term
1074:The term
938:Khariboli
891:, is the
611:59-AAF-qf
590:Glottolog
558:ISO 639-3
540:ISO 639-2
522:ISO 639-1
424:Rajasthan
400:Jharkhand
219:Old Hindi
14814:Nainital
14804:Srinagar
14794:Ramnagar
14779:Rudrapur
14774:Kashipur
14764:Haldwani
14759:Haridwar
14754:Dehradun
14710:Haridwar
14705:Dehradun
14672:Nainital
14557:Airports
14450:Gangotri
14440:National
14374:Gangotri
14364:Chardham
14227:Politics
14209:Parganas
14074:Jaunsari
14064:Garhwali
14039:Sanskrit
14027:Official
13960:Bhotiyas
13927:Kumaonis
13856:Lowlands
13738:features
13623:Colonial
13551:kingdoms
13549:Medieval
13483:kingdoms
13331:Agencies
13314:Cabinets
13299:Governor
13242:Nainital
13230:Dehradun
13155:See also
13137:Nefamese
13132:Nagamese
13023:Kamarupi
12983:Gāndhārī
12940:Middle (
12879:Sanskrit
12817:Konkanic
12766:Marathic
12756:Marathi–
12748:Southern
12652:Rohingya
12621:Rangpuri
12599:Assamese
12563:Kurmukar
12541:dialects
12521:Kamarupa
12405:Maithili
12398:Maithili
12363:Bhojpuri
12268:Kannauji
12230:Hinglish
12210:Haryanvi
11975:Dhundari
11925:Wadiyara
11907:Jandavra
11895:Gujarati
11882:Gujarati
11804:Khetrani
11769:dialects
11725:Sirmauri
11705:Jaunsari
11695:Mandeali
11690:Pangwali
11670:Bhateali
11627:Garhwali
11586:Northern
11552:Chilisso
11428:Brokskat
11402:Kashmiri
11395:Kashmiri
11295:Tangkhul
11167:speakers
11090:Haryanvi
11075:Garhwali
11032:speakers
10923:Kokborok
10878:Bhojpuri
10832:Sanskrit
10796:Maithili
10786:Kashmiri
10771:Gujarati
10751:Assamese
10706:Official
10501:Hinglish
10416:Kannauji
10406:Haryanvi
10346:Numerals
10324:Pronouns
10223:(eds.).
9971:(1991).
9926:(2003).
9895:(1995).
9853:(2008).
9840:Archived
9826:Vol I-XI
9766:Archived
9748:Archived
9546:near an
9446:18 March
9028:Archived
8986:Archived
8941:13 March
8914:13 March
8733:cite web
8696:29 March
8609:Archived
8579:Archived
8542:Archived
8506:Archived
8475:19 March
8449:19 March
8423:19 March
8378:16 March
8372:Archived
8313:Archived
8242:Archived
8161:Archived
8137:Archived
7754:(1991).
7515:21 March
7242:31 March
7219:Archived
7198:Spanish.
7159:Archived
7003:: 1–13.
6899:Archived
6847:Archived
6824:Archived
6793:Archived
6768:Archived
6664:9 August
6634:21 March
6248:See also
6139:Internet
6094:Chāyāvād
6067:Sāhityik
5953:hospital
5942:botelha
5928:armário
5925:cupboard
5922:(अलमारी)
5908:(गिर्जा)
5880:(बाल्टी)
5866:(पाद्री)
5852:(अनानास)
5668:destiny
5458:proverbs
5435:Muhammad
5359:Sanskrit
5337:tadbhava
5011:Example
4906:ऊ or ू
4859:उ or ु
4714:ई or ी
4571:ऐ or ै
4523:ऐ or ै
4475:ए or े
4241:Scottish
3427:Trilled
2738:"uh-oh!"
2501:American
2116:Hinglish
2014:Pakistan
1989:Sanskrit
1760:Bhojpuri
1750:Outside
1712:Gujarati
1638:states:
1508:Pakistan
1466:Sanskrit
1399:Sanskrit
1291:sutthira
1287:susthira
1241:geminate
1156:Sanskrit
1131:) (from
1056:Gujarati
1052:Manipuri
1044:Kashmiri
989:Suriname
973:Bhojpuri
930:register
915:and the
794:Numerals
706:Hinglish
701:Dhakaiya
645:a series
643:Part of
597:hind1269
284:Hinglish
268:Mahajani
14886:Writing
14848:Portals
14784:Kotdwar
14769:Roorkee
14700:Chamoli
14692:Garhwal
14596:Economy
14584:Cuisine
14495:Cricket
14366:circuit
14349:Temples
14300:Tourism
14181:Tehsils
14122:Darmiya
14112:Byangsi
14079:Bangani
14069:Kumaoni
13965:Shaukas
13772:Bugyals
13728:ecology
13633:Company
13481:Ancient
13473:History
13413:Speaker
13406:History
13326:Gazette
13260:Symbols
13108:Pidgins
13087:Chinali
13077:Bazigar
13071:Badeshi
12966:Magadhi
12942:Prakrit
12859:Sinhala
12847:Insular
12824:Konkani
12803:Katkari
12798:Phudagi
12778:Varhadi
12773:Marathi
12758:Konkani
12730:Bhunjia
12604:Kamrupi
12578:Sylheti
12536:Bengali
12529:Bengali
12490:Kumhali
12457:Kochila
12445:Tharuic
12436:Kurmali
12424:Sadanic
12415:Bajjika
12389:Khortha
12339:Eastern
12299:Bagheli
12287:Eastern
12244:Deccani
12220:Kauravi
12205:Bundeli
12193:Western
12185:Central
12154:Dawoodi
12149:Lambadi
12073:Bhilori
12043:Bhilali
11990:Marwari
11980:Harauti
11920:Parkari
11874:Western
11841:Kholosi
11836:Jadgali
11814:Saraiki
11764:Punjabi
11757:Eastern
11750:Punjabi
11720:Hinduri
11665:Churahi
11642:Western
11632:Kumaoni
11620:Central
11594:Eastern
11521:Kalasha
11514:Chitral
11469:Pashayi
11462:Pashayi
11438:Kalkoti
11250:Ladakhi
11155:Varhadi
11120:Marwari
11110:Lambadi
11105:Kumaoni
11085:Harauti
11065:Bundeli
11055:Bajjika
11045:Bagheli
10963:Mundari
10928:Kurmali
10918:Khortha
10837:Santali
10827:Punjabi
10812:Marathi
10791:Konkani
10781:Kannada
10756:Bengali
10728:English
10638:Writers
10478:Creoles
10474:Pidgins
10449:Bagheli
10436:Eastern
10421:Kauravi
10401:Bundeli
10388:Western
10361:History
10356:Braille
10314:Grammar
10212:"Hindi"
10058:"Hindi"
10038:19 July
10000:(ed.).
9994:"Hindi"
9914:19 July
9883:19 July
9811:19 July
9412:and/or
9225:4 March
9136:tatsama
8615:22 June
8319:13 June
7944:26 June
7456:"India"
6980:16 July
6417:(ed.).
6337:e'tibār
6125:poets.
6024:Ādhunik
6020:Vīgāthā
6004:Raskhan
5962:olandez
5948:aspatāl
5914:igreja
5858:ananás
5841:Meaning
5680:kursiyy
5531:x(a)yāl
5529:"air",
5423:Persian
5417:Persian
5399:dūrbhāṣ
5395:calques
5327:Prakrit
5321:English
5275:English
5267:Persian
5256:transl.
5247:Videshī
5230:transl.
5182:transl.
5172:Tadbhav
5144:transl.
5098:Prakrit
5091:transl.
4812:औ or ौ
4765:ओ or ो
4666:इ or ि
4427:आ or ा
4120:वर्ज़िश
3854:लतीफ़ा
3377:क़्
2569:ख़िलाफ़
2126:Hindi.
2120:YouTube
2066:and 33
2060:abugida
2016:and is
1986:tatsama
1953:Germany
1876:Haflong
1772:English
1708:Gujarat
1680:Haryana
1634:of the
1524:lexicon
1458:Persian
1407:Persian
1403:Prakrit
1198:History
1152:"Hindu"
1148:"Hindi"
1133:Persian
1128:हिन्दुई
1118:हिन्दवी
1113:Hindavī
1060:Bengali
1009:Prakrit
932:of the
913:English
895:of the
785:Grammar
747:History
723:Kauravi
696:Deccani
680:Andaman
376:Haryana
14824:Almora
14746:cities
14657:Almora
14649:Kumaon
14546:topics
14488:Sports
14470:Rajaji
14430:Gomukh
14107:Rongpo
14048:Spoken
13942:Tharus
13937:Buksas
13905:groups
13903:Ethnic
13795:Bhabar
13787:Plains
13444:Judges
13273:Emblem
13041:Proto-
12997:Late (
12906:Middle
12808:Kadodi
12735:Nahari
12712:Halbic
12687:Bhatri
12647:Chakma
12553:Hajong
12519:Gauda–
12503:Danwar
12483:Others
12474:Musasa
12410:Angika
12384:Magahi
12377:Magahi
12348:Bihari
12318:Others
12294:Awadhi
12259:Rekhta
12234:Urdish
12164:Romani
12159:Domari
12137:Others
12118:Vasavi
12103:Pardhi
12083:Magari
12078:Mawchi
12068:Bauria
12058:Dhanki
12048:Chodri
12020:Nimadi
12010:Dhatki
12000:Mewari
11995:Mewati
11970:Gujari
11965:Loarki
11960:Goaria
11937:Vaghri
11861:Sindhi
11856:Memoni
11851:Luwati
11846:Kutchi
11828:Sindhi
11794:Hindko
11786:Lahnda
11730:Sarazi
11710:Kullui
11655:Kangri
11611:Nepali
11601:Doteli
11567:Tirahi
11562:Kalami
11547:Bateri
11526:Khowar
11485:Dameli
11448:Palula
11443:Ushoji
11387:Dardic
11300:Thadou
11265:Mising
11225:Konyak
11220:Kolami
11215:Kodava
11210:Khotta
11195:Dimasa
11190:Badaga
11180:Angami
11130:Nimadi
11125:Mewari
11095:Kangri
11040:Awadhi
11003:Tamang
10998:Sunwar
10988:Sherpa
10968:Newari
10948:Magahi
10938:Lepcha
10933:Kurukh
10908:Kharia
10893:Gurung
10873:Angika
10852:Telugu
10842:Sindhi
10817:Nepali
10806:Meitei
10740:to the
10613:Awards
10444:Awadhi
10247:
10231:
10193:6 July
10130:
10089:
10068:
10029:
10008:
9981:
9957:
9936:
9905:
9866:
9832:
9802:
9687:
9654:
9629:
9604:
9274:
9218:
9125:
9093:
9063:1 June
8817:
8305:
8248:9 June
8115:
8086:
8055:
7984:
7935:
7882:
7850:
7793:
7762:
7734:
7705:
7675:
7616:Islam.
7585:
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7077:
7052:2000).
7043:
6735:
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6502:
6492:
6452:
6427:
6147:, and
6039:Avadhi
6016:Bihari
6012:Keshav
6008:Śṛṇgār
5995:Bhakti
5939:bottle
5936:(बोतल)
5920:almārī
5911:church
5900:chave
5894:(चाबी)
5886:balde
5883:bucket
5872:padre
5869:priest
5850:anānās
5813:world
5808:duniyā
5803:दुनिया
5745:क़ानून
5697:chair
5687:कुर्सी
5610:shirt
5600:क़मीज़
5552:Gloss
5523:muśkil
5451:izafat
5433:(e.g.
5384:tatsam
5373:tatsam
5365:tatsam
5349:tikkha
5345:tīkṣṇa
5297:kameṭī
5271:Arabic
5252:विदेशी
5221:Deshaj
5129:tatsam
5081:Tatsam
5030:stress
5014:Notes
4352:Vowels
4308:अझ़दहा
4262:काग़ज़
4051:ट्
3984:چھوڑنا
3976:छोड़ना
3583:پڑھائی
3438:ज़र्रा
3384:aught
3238:ङ् or
2935:कमज़ोर
2744:er "bu
2717:اعتبار
2585:k͟hilā
2102:ITRANS
2064:vowels
2048:Script
1975:, and
1945:Uganda
1822:, the
1768:Fijian
1754:, the
1462:Arabic
1450:Awadhi
1423:Hindvi
1397:, the
1375:vivāha
1349:taḍāga
1313:Final
1295:suthrā
1273:bandha
1249:hattha
1165:सिन्धु
1160:Sindhu
1123:Hinduī
1048:Meitei
997:Guyana
995:, and
983:, and
969:Awadhi
733:Urdish
728:Rekhta
690:Bombay
685:Bihari
647:on the
476:
333:
262:Kaithi
229:Rekhta
107:Region
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61:हिन्दी
43:Sindhi
15066:Hindi
14996:Texts
14945:Media
14906:Hindi
14862:India
14829:Pauri
14744:Major
14579:Music
14544:Other
14442:parks
14202:Rural
14169:Urban
14132:Rawat
14089:Tharu
14084:Buksa
14034:Hindi
13970:Rajis
13800:Terai
13777:Lakes
13663:Crown
13283:Motto
13212:State
13142:Vedda
12914:Early
12884:Vedic
12793:Varli
12725:Kamar
12720:Halbi
12702:Kupia
12682:Desia
12469:Majhi
12462:Buksa
12452:Tharu
12431:Sadri
12325:Parya
12273:Sansi
12225:Hindi
12123:Wagdi
12113:Kalto
12108:Gamit
12063:Dubli
12038:Bhili
11985:Malvi
11955:Bagri
11915:Kachi
11911:Koli
11776:Sansi
11685:Gaddi
11650:Dogri
11606:Jumli
11557:Gowro
11478:Kunar
11423:Shina
11416:Shina
11280:Rabha
11270:Nishi
11260:Malto
11255:Lotha
11230:Korku
11205:Karbi
11200:Halbi
11150:Wagdi
11115:Malvi
11080:Gondi
11060:Bhili
11050:Bagri
11017:Major
10983:Sadri
10953:Magar
10943:Limbu
10913:Khasi
10847:Tamil
10776:Hindi
10766:Dogri
10723:Hindi
10643:Poets
10633:Music
10329:Verbs
10303:Hindi
10122:[
9996:. In
9877:(PDF)
9860:(PDF)
9531:]
9527:[
9335:]
9331:[
9327:]
9323:[
9319:]
9315:[
9311:]
9307:[
8908:(PDF)
8895:(PDF)
8690:(PDF)
8641:3 May
8512:5 May
8274:(PDF)
8267:(PDF)
8220:(PDF)
8213:(PDF)
8196:(PDF)
8189:(PDF)
7474:Hindi
7130:8 May
7105:12.1.
6974:(PDF)
6963:(PDF)
6508:S2CID
6385:Hindi
6365:(PDF)
6327:etbār
6312:Notes
6145:music
6000:Kabir
5977:Media
5967:Dutch
5934:botal
5906:girjā
5878:bālṭī
5864:pādrī
5838:Hindi
5796:dunyā
5784:news
5779:xabar
5767:ḵabar
5750:qānūn
5738:qānūn
5733:قانون
5721:hisāb
5716:हिसाब
5709:ḥisāb
5692:kursī
5663:nasīb
5651:naṣīb
5639:book
5634:kitāb
5629:किताब
5622:kitāb
5605:qamīz
5593:qamīṣ
5581:time
5571:वक़्त
5535:kitāb
5439:Islām
5431:Islam
5353:tīkhā
5293:कमेटी
5284:क़िला
5206:kamma
5194:karma
5178:तद्भव
5165:sūrya
5161:सूर्य
5156:sūraj
5087:तत्सम
4697:جیتنا
4689:जीतना
4649:جِتنا
4641:जितना
4625:bout
4434:ther
4375:Hindi
4316:اژدہا
4213:ख़राब
4174:پكوان
4166:पकवान
4139:arziś
4031:ٹماٹر
4023:टमाटर
3892:تھیلا
3858:لطیفہ
3849:omar
3822:تالاب
3814:तालाब
3684:साबित
3575:पढ़ाई
3527:लड़ना
3353:क़रीब
3151:ther
2954:amzor
2943:کمزور
2849:हुक्म
2748:er" (
2729:tibār
2709:एतबार
2693:ouse
2553:ouse
2541:akkan
2530:ڈھکّن
2522:ढक्कन
2481:ڈالنا
2473:डालना
2434:جھڑنا
2426:झड़ना
2270:ouse
2247:بھالو
2165:Hindi
2092:uses
2042:Bihar
2030:Delhi
1937:Nepal
1917:Nepal
1902:Kabul
1880:Assam
1796:Nepal
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1724:Delhi
1672:Bihar
1616:India
1540:Bihar
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1369:>
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1323:grāma
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1190:Hindi
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1137:هندوی
1121:) or
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1092:Hindī
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14962:News
14127:Raji
13975:Jads
13805:Doab
13665:rule
13635:rule
13278:Song
12926:Pāli
12783:Andh
12697:Reli
12672:Odia
12665:Odia
12239:Urdu
12030:Bhil
11799:Inku
11453:Sawi
11290:Sora
11285:Sema
11275:Phom
11245:Kuvi
11235:Koya
11145:Tulu
10958:Mizo
10888:Garo
10857:Urdu
10822:Odia
10761:Bodo
10601:Arts
10476:and
10396:Braj
10245:ISBN
10229:ISSN
10195:2011
10128:ISBN
10111:2005
10087:ISBN
10066:ISBN
10040:2014
10027:ISBN
10006:ISBN
9979:ISBN
9955:ISBN
9934:ISBN
9916:2014
9903:ISBN
9885:2014
9864:ISBN
9830:ISBN
9813:2014
9800:ISBN
9774:2018
9730:2022
9685:ISBN
9652:ISBN
9627:ISBN
9602:ISBN
9498:/ɾː/
9448:2023
9379:and
9351:and
9329:and
9313:and
9272:ISBN
9253:2022
9227:2023
9216:ISSN
9194:2021
9163:2023
9123:ISBN
9091:ISBN
9065:2016
9036:2017
8994:2017
8943:2018
8916:2018
8877:2020
8815:ISBN
8796:2022
8770:2022
8739:link
8725:2022
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8617:2017
8587:2017
8550:2014
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8425:2022
8380:2019
8347:2020
8321:2018
8303:ISBN
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8250:2016
8169:2017
8113:ISBN
8084:ISBN
8053:ISBN
7982:ISBN
7946:2012
7933:ISBN
7880:ISBN
7848:ISBN
7791:ISBN
7760:ISBN
7732:ISBN
7703:ISBN
7673:ISBN
7583:ISBN
7560:2020
7517:2012
7478:ISBN
7436:ISBN
7409:ISBN
7388:2018
7362:2018
7333:2023
7313:2023
7293:2023
7273:2023
7244:2023
7187:ISBN
7132:2024
7075:ISBN
7041:ISBN
6982:2016
6855:2019
6801:2019
6733:ISBN
6694:ISBN
6666:2009
6636:2012
6597:2014
6546:2014
6519:2022
6500:ISSN
6490:ISBN
6450:ISBN
6425:ISBN
6149:film
6117:and
6080:The
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5774:ख़बर
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5675:كرسي
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5069:and
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4745:بولو
4737:बोलो
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4506:رہنا
4498:रहना
4380:Urdu
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3431:ing
3372:arīb
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3221:رن٘گ
3183:kira
3167:किरण
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3120:नहीं
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2990:کھال
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2088:The
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667:Urdu
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