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that what success I may have achieved through life is largely due to the fact that I am a good judge of men. I am lazy, and I never have done things myself that I could get someone to do for me. I can thank heredity for a sound constitution, and myself for taking care of that constitution." About his intellect he was equally unpretentious: "Some people believe that when I am quiet that I am thinking some deep and important thoughts, when the fact is that I am thinking of nothing at all. My mind is blank."
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next wave. In this state the
Japanese carriers would be extremely vulnerable. Furthermore, Spruance ordered that the air squadrons fly directly to their targets before assembling every squadron into a proper formation, gambling that the attacks would leave the enemy carriers in disarray and delay the launching of their own counterstrike. Though this gamble paid off,
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1278:. The fourth was a choice between Halsey and Spruance, and after much deliberation, eventually Halsey was appointed in December 1945. Spruance's achievements were acknowledged by the unique distinction of a special act of Congress awarding him Admiral's full pay for life. Spruance expressed his personal feelings on this matter as follows:
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His achievements in the navy were well known, but himself much less. He did not discuss his private life, feelings, prejudices, hopes or fears, except with his family and his closest friends. He was modest and candid about himself. "When I look at myself objectively," he wrote in retirement, "I think
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My feeling was one of confidence when
Spruance was there. When you moved into Admiral Halsey's command from Admiral Spruance's … you moved an area in which you never knew what you were going to do in the next five minutes or how you were going to do it, because the printed instructions were never up
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The two admirals were a contrast in styles. Halsey was aggressive and a risk taker. Spruance was calculating and cautious. Notwithstanding their different personalities, Spruance and Halsey were close friends. In fact, Spruance had a knack for getting along with difficult people, including his friend
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and cited as follows: "For exceptionally meritorious service ... as Task Force
Commander, United States Pacific Fleet. During the Midway engagement which resulted in the defeat of and heavy losses to the enemy fleet, his seamanship, endurance, and tenacity in handling his task force were of the
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noted that
Spruance was subjected to criticism for not pursuing the retreating Japanese and allowing the surface fleet to escape. But in summing up Spruance's performance in the battle, Morison wrote: "Fletcher did well, but Spruance's performance was superb. Calm, collected, decisive, yet receptive
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in reserve in case the other
Japanese carriers were discovered. Since the Japanese planes were returning from the Midway strike, Spruance ordered that his strike be launched without delay so as to maximize the chances that the Japanese carriers would be caught while landing planes or spotting the
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As a matter of tactics I think that going out after the
Japanese and knocking their carriers out would have been much better and more satisfactory than waiting for them to attack us, but we were at the start of a very important and large amphibious operation and we could not afford to gamble and
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Admiral
Raymond A. Spruance, U.S. Navy, as Task Force Commander during the capture of the Marshall and Marianas Islands, rendered exceptionally meritorious and distinguished services from January to June 1944. During the joint operations leading to the assault and capture of the important enemy
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Your brilliant record of achievement in World War II played a decisive part in our victory in the
Pacific. At the crucial Battle of Midway your daring and skilled leadership routed the enemy in the full tide of his advance and established the pattern of air-sea warfare which was to lead to his
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characterized
Spruance's performance as "superb", and he was nicknamed "electric brain" for his calmness even in moments of supreme crisis, a reputation enhanced by his successful tactics. He emerged from the war as one of the greater admirals in American history. After the war, Spruance was
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Spruance was an active man who thought nothing of walking eight or 10 miles a day. He was fond of symphonic music, and his tastes were generally simple. He never smoked, and drank little. He enjoyed hot chocolate and would make it for himself every morning. Besides his family, he loved the
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Spruance ran a quiet bridge, without chit-chat; he demanded that orders be given concisely and clearly. In one incident a distraught officer rushed to report, "Captain, we've just dropped a depth charge over the stern!" "Well, pick it up and put it back," was
Spruance's measured response.
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to advice; keeping in his mind the picture of widely disparate forces, yet boldly seizing every opening. Raymond A. Spruance emerged from the battle one of the greatest admirals in American naval history". For his actions at the battle of Midway, Rear Admiral Spruance was awarded the
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You and I have been in many battles, and we know there are always some mistakes. This time we were right because the enemy did what we expected him to do. Admiral Spruance could have been right. He's one of the finest officers I know of. It was his job to protect the landing
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receiving overall command. Although Spruance was proven as a cruiser division commander, he had no experience handling carrier-air combat; Halsey reassured Nimitz, and he told Spruance and Fletcher to rely on their newly inherited staff, particularly Captain
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from October 1929 to June 1931. He also held several engineering, intelligence, staff and Naval War College positions up to the 1940s. He served as an instructor at the Naval War College from 1935 to 1938. He commanded the battleship USS
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a few months later due to the lack of aircraft and aircrews to fly them) Spruance has been criticized for not being aggressive enough in exploiting his success in the Philippine Sea. Buell quotes Spruance speaking with Morison:
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in the Marshalls, about 700 miles to the east. Spruance himself directed a task group of battleships, cruisers and destroyers that left the main body to go after Japanese ships that were fleeing Truk, sinking the light cruiser
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against the Japanese homeland in April. These raids were critical to morale—setting a new tone of aggressiveness by U.S. commanders while providing invaluable battle experience for the commanders and sailors of the U.S. Navy.
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flew to Nagumo's fleet of four carriers – which, fatefully, were without air cover. Most of Nagumo's attack planes had just returned from the first strike on Midway and were immobilized in the carrier hangars, while his
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would be operating in two separate task forces, that meant that Fletcher only knew the location of half of the carrier force. Armed with this information, Fletcher ordered Spruance to launch a strike at the Japanese with
1123:. Although he broke the back of the Japanese naval air force by sinking three carriers, two oilers and destroying about 600 enemy airplanes (so many that the remaining Japanese carriers were used solely as decoys in the
1001:. At that time, Admiral Nimitz instituted a unique arrangement in which the command of the vessels which made up the "Big Blue Fleet" alternated between Admiral William Halsey Jr., at which time it was identified as the
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companionship of his pet schnauzer, Peter. Fit into his 70s, Spruance spent most of his retirement days wearing old khakis and work shoes and working in his garden and greenhouse; he loved to show them to visitors.
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So far as my getting five star rank is concerned, if I could have got it along with Bill Halsey, that would have been fine; but, if I had received it instead of Bill Halsey, I would have been very unhappy over it.
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and Task Force 38, and Admiral Spruance, when it became the Fifth Fleet and Task Force 58. When not in command of the fleet the admirals and their staffs were based at Pearl Harbor and planned future operations.
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knew he must intercept the Japanese invasion fleet, and that he must give battle to the enemy aircraft carriers before they could project their overwhelming power against the naval air station at Midway.
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bases, complete integration of Army and Navy units was accomplished under his outstanding leadership, enabling all the forces to perform their closely co-ordinated missions with outstanding success.
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1075:. This was said to be the first time that a four-star admiral took part in a sea action aboard one of the ships engaged. Admiral Spruance commanded with deadly precision, reported an observer.
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The battle commenced on the morning of June 4; the first several waves of U.S. attack aircraft were badly beaten, both near Midway and at sea around the Japanese task force. Then U.S.
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to date.... He never did things the same way twice. When you moved into Admiral Spruance's command, the printed instructions were up to date, and you did things in accordance with them.
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and their air-attack squadrons. It faced a Japanese invasion fleet organized into two groups: the air-attack task force of four carriers with support ships under command of Admiral
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Spruance served in Washington until early 1924, when he was ordered to the headquarters, Commander Naval Force in Europe. He served as Assistant Chief of Staff under Vice Admiral
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Shortly after the Midway battle, Spruance became chief of staff to Admiral Nimitz, and in September 1942 was appointed as Deputy Commander in Chief of the Pacific Fleet.
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again. Fletcher quickly ordered his dive bombers to strike, which fatally damaged the fourth Japanese carrier; it was scuttled the next day. However a second strike from
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however, the scout only reported sighting "(t)wo carriers and battleships," and giving course and speed. Since US intelligence had reported the possibility that the
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1145:, said to him "Spruance, you did a damn fine job there. No matter what other people tell you, your decision was correct." Spruance's fast carrier commander,
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was struck by two kamikaze on the night of 12 May 1945, a hasty search by Spruance's staff found the admiral manning a fire hose amidship. Determining that
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during the sea trials off the California coast and during the patrol cruises with the Destroyer Force, Pacific Fleet until May 1922, when he was ordered to
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was not too badly damaged to remain on station, Spruance kept her as his flagship for the rest of the campaign. Spruance later chose the battleship
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in February 1944 in which twelve Japanese warships, thirty-two merchant ships and 249 aircraft were destroyed. This occurred at the same time that
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Fewer than two days before launch from Pearl Harbor, Nimitz's commander of the fleet carrier force, Admiral Halsey, was hospitalized with severe
715:'s outer defense perimeter across the central Pacific; and, he believed, this very powerful stroke against Midway would so severely threaten
567:. While in that capacity he assumed additional duty as a member of the board on doctrine of aircraft in connection with fleet fire control.
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Chester Nimitz as Commander in Chief, U.S. Pacific Fleet and Pacific Ocean Areas in November 1945, a few months after the end of the war.
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that the U.S. government would be induced to sue for peace. On the other hand, commander-in-chief of the U.S. Pacific Fleet, Admiral
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However, his actions were both praised and understood by the main persons ordering and directly involved in the battle. Admiral
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On 5 August 1943 Spruance was placed in command of the Central Pacific Force, which, on April 29, 1944, was redesignated as the
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highest quality." Both Fletcher and Nimitz recommended Spruance for the Distinguished Service Medal for his role in the battle.
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At the end of the Second World War Congress created a limited number of five-star ranks for the Army and the Navy, designated
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Most common sailors were proud to serve under Halsey; most higher-ranking officers preferred to serve under Spruance. Captain
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1475:. He is shown to be at loggerheads with his staff on numerous occasions and corrected by them once. The series, based on
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Early on, Halsey had led his task force on hit-and-run raids against the Japanese in the western Pacific: striking the
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During the third week of May 1942, U.S. naval intelligence units confirmed that the Japanese would—by early June—
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air group, launched after Fletcher was confident that all Japanese carriers were accounted for, crippled the
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The Battle of Midway is considered by many to be a turning point of the war in the Pacific, along with the
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and as a result, Fletcher passed command to Spruance, who would command the mop-up phase of the battle.
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near San Francisco. His wife, Margaret Dean (1888–1985), is buried alongside him, as are Fleet Admiral
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battleship had both room for his staff and the speed to keep up with the fast carrier task forces.
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air squadrons would pay a heavy price, flying in piece-meal and mostly without fighter escort.
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and others. Admiral Yamamoto commanded the combined invasion fleet from aboard his flagship
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The U.S. Navy counterforce sank all four Japanese carriers while losing one of its own,
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in 1955, an institution of higher learning founded by the American Baptist missionary,
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class of 1907 early on September 12, 1906, and received further, hands-on education in
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from February 1946 until he retired from the Navy in July 1948. He was decorated with
703:. Capturing and occupying Midway was the brainchild-plan of commander-in-chief of the
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2215:. Nimitz Library U. S. Naval Academy. First Class, United States Naval Academy. 1907.
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The Two-Ocean War: A Short History of the United States Navy in the Second World War
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906:. But several hours later—near the end of daylight hours—a U.S. scout plane located
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dive bombers critically damaged two Japanese carriers including Nagumo's flagship
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Following his return to the United States, Spruance served aboard transport ship
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In the first months of World War II in the Pacific, Spruance commanded the four
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was patched-repaired in "rush" time purposefully to join the Midway operation.
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Morison, "Coral Sea, Midway and Submarine Actions: May 1942 – August 1942". (
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in 1926, and graduated in 1927. Spruance served as executive officer of USS
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until January 1920, when he assumed command of newly commissioned destroyer
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Spruance received the Navy Cross for his actions at Iwo Jima and Okinawa.
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This gave rise to the description of Spruance as "an Admiral's admiral".
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343:. Most historians consider Midway the turning point of the Pacific War.
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Kwajalein Invasion, February 1944. From left to right: Spruance, RADM
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and was aboard her during the historic around-the-world cruise of the
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American's Fighting Admirals: Winning the War at Sea in World War II
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in March 1919. He commanded that vessel during the patrols with the
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379:. Spruance attended Indianapolis public schools and graduated from
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America's Fighting Admirals:Winning the War at Sea in World War II
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Carnage and Culture: Landmark Battles in the Rise to Western Power
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The Last Century of Sea Power: From Washington to Tokyo, 1922–1945
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For most of the war, Spruance preferred to use the heavy cruiser
650:. His division was an element of the task force built around the
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High commissioners of the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands
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Spruance (left) with Marine generals following the recapture of
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Bust of Admiral Spruance, located in Spruance Hall at the U.S.
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He was appointed as Ambassador to the Philippines by President
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Shortly before his retirement, Spruance received the following
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The Quiet Warrior / A Biography of Admiral Raymond A. Spruance
2808:"War & Remembrance (Part 3) (May 26 – July 25, 1942) 1988"
2794:"War & Remembrance (Part 3) (May 26 – July 25, 1942) 1988"
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Biographies, 20th century collection, Navy Department Library.
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Spruance is depicted as the controversial victor of Midway by
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Biographies, 20th century collection, Navy Department Library
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The quiet warrior: a biography of Admiral Raymond A. Spruance
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cover planes were engaged with battling torpedo bombers from
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The U.S. Navy intercept force centered on the three carriers
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How They Won the War in the Pacific: Nimitz and His Admirals
2758:"News Release: Navy Names Two New Guided Missile Destroyers"
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The Fleet at Flood Tide: America at Total War in the Pacific
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Twilight of the Gods: War in the Western Pacific, 1944–1945
2331:. New York: William Morrow and Company. pp. 278, 280.
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The Conquering Tide: War in the Pacific Islands, 1942–1944
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in June 1944, Spruance defeated the Japanese fleet in the
622:. On August 1, 1941, he finished his tour in Puerto Rico.
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from April 1938 to December 1939, when he was promoted to
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in June 1916 until November 1917. During the last year of
2780:"War & Remembrance (Part 3) (May 26 – July 25, 1942)"
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History of United States Naval Operations in World War II
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Recipients of the Distinguished Service Medal (US Army)
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522:, for duty in connection with fitting out of destroyer
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U.S. Ambassador to the Philippines
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Pacific Crucible: War at Sea in the Pacific, 1941–1942
1876:– July 2, 1903, Passed Midshipman – September 26, 1906
1446:(a US Naval Reserve officer himself) in the 1976 film
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At 0530 June 4, a scout plane from Midway sighted the
810:, and the surface and occupation forces under Admiral
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2306:. New York: William Morrow and Company. p. 268.
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he was assigned as Assistant Engineer Officer of the
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Choices Under Fire: Moral Dimensions of World War II
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and support ships of Cruiser Division Five from his
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Ambassadors of the United States to the Philippines
450:Spruance's seagoing career included command of the
391:a few years later. His Academy classmates included
311:, one of the most significant naval battles of the
3398:Recipients of the Navy Distinguished Service Medal
2667:The Quiet Warrior: A Biography of Raymond Spruance
2586:The Quiet Warrior: A Biography of Raymond Spruance
2457:The Quiet Warrior: A Biography of Raymond Spruance
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711:. With it he intended to significantly expand the
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2696:"Admiral Raymond Ames Spruance – America's Navy"
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1331:He received his Doctor of Jurisprudence (J.D.),
437:. In July 1907 he transferred to the battleship
423:Spruance's first duty assignment was aboard the
1236:to Admiral Spruance, with citation as follows:
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2496:"Adm Spruance's Fitrep after Battle of Midway"
2268:. United States Navy Department. July 21, 1941
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675:in March, and projecting the air power of the
383:. From there, he went on to graduate from the
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3393:Recipients of the Navy Cross (United States)
3101:United States Ambassadors to the Philippines
307:. He commanded U.S. naval forces during the
3433:United States Navy personnel of World War I
3321:Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships
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2239:U.S. Naval Heritage & History Command,
914:would fatally cripple Fletcher's flagship,
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2355:Hanson, Victor Davis (December 18, 2007).
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2640:Citation, Navy Cross, Raymond A. Spruance
1836:Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath
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1115:While screening the American invasion of
296:(July 3, 1886 – December 13, 1969) was a
3413:United States Navy World War II admirals
3358:Burials at Golden Gate National Cemetery
3315:This article incorporates text from the
2670:. Boston: Little, Brown and Co. p.
2589:. Boston: Little, Brown and Co. p.
2461:. Boston: Little, Brown and Co. p.
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1954:
1947:
1940:
1933:
1926:
1490:
1419:of destroyers, were named in his honor.
1254:
1082:
957:
787:, had been sunk, but at Nimitz's behest
687:
2425:
2260:
2258:
2256:
3330:
2488:
2432:. Naval Institute Press. p. 162.
2354:
1437:
1434:. A bust of Spruance is in the lobby.
1328:, and served there from 1952 to 1955.
1303:for his service for the Allied cause.
574:during the period of tensions between
3066:
2875:
2663:
2582:
2538:
2452:
2388:. Washington: Potomac Books. p.
2350:
2348:
2155:. Boston: Little, Brown. p. 162.
1843:Grand Officer of the Order of Leopold
1824:Gold Cross of the Order of the Savior
1181:of the shore bombardment force after
584:Gold Cross of the Order of the Savior
2938:
2927:
2913:
2896:
2856:
2820:
2506:Naval History & Heritage Command
2361:. Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group.
2253:
496:, and carried out temporary duty in
484:and he served on board her from her
3383:Presidents of the Naval War College
2528:The Pacific War Online Encyclopedia
781:and the formation's other carrier,
13:
3403:United States Naval Academy alumni
3013:President of the Naval War College
2850:
2345:
1289:President of the Naval War College
1091:on August 1, 1944. Others are LTG
966:, Assistant Secretary of the Navy
762:, under battle command of Admiral
353:President of the Naval War College
14:
3444:
3368:Military personnel from Baltimore
339:sank four larger carriers of the
16:United States admiral (1886–1969)
3308:
3295:
3283:
3262:
3104:
3094:
2698:. America's Navy. Archived from
2069:
2062:
2055:
2048:
2041:
1955:
1948:
1941:
1934:
1927:
1865:
1859:
1749:Army Distinguished Service Medal
1730:Navy Distinguished Service Medal
1708:
1701:
1694:
1685:
1676:
1670:
1663:
1653:
1644:
1635:
1629:
1622:
1615:
1608:
1596:
1590:
1576:
1570:
1558:
1552:
1542:
1533:
1526:
1520:
1513:
1505:
1422:The main auditorium of the U.S.
1310:from the Secretary of the Navy:
1234:Army Distinguished Service Medal
1224:On October 16, 1946, the former
1050:against the Japanese naval base
936:Navy Distinguished Service Medal
777:, had been badly damaged at the
630:
272:Army Distinguished Service Medal
266:
261:Navy Distinguished Service Medal
255:
245:
155:
130:
110:
46:"Electric Brain" "Quiet Warrior"
3428:20th-century American academics
3423:20th-century American diplomats
2814:
2800:
2786:
2772:
2714:
2657:
2638:Military Times, Hall of Valor,
2632:
2607:
2576:
2563:
2532:
2520:
2479:
2446:
2419:
2406:
2375:
2320:
2295:
770:, but the task force flagship,
692:Spruance next to Fleet Admiral
625:
433:, an 11,400-ton veteran of the
355:, and later served as American
335:. At Midway, dive bombers from
2939:——— (2020).
2928:——— (2015).
2426:Morison, Samuel Eliot (1963).
2241:Biography, Raymond A. Spruance
2233:
2203:
2189:
2139:
2127:
2110:
1790:Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal
1783:American Defense Service Medal
1373:
1358:, his longtime friend Admiral
1:
3418:Shortridge High School alumni
2882:. Little, Brown and Company.
2861:. New York: Alfred A. Knopf.
2104:
1993:
1879:
1352:Golden Gate National Cemetery
1337:Central Philippine University
1319:
1261:Golden Gate National Cemetery
1250:
1204:as his flagship, as the huge
459:from March 1913 to May 1914,
362:
93:Golden Gate National Cemetery
2760:. U.S. Department of Defense
1121:Battle of the Philippine Sea
1079:Battle of the Philippine Sea
890:. All three were eventually
419:Career prior to World War II
309:Battle of the Philippine Sea
218:Battle of the Philippine Sea
7:
3408:United States Navy admirals
2994:United States Pacific Fleet
2897:Hoyt, Edwin Palmer (1970).
2614:Hornfischer, James (2016).
1871:United States Naval Academy
1817:Philippine Liberation Medal
1245:
597:He began attendance at the
582:and was decorated with the
514:, before he was ordered to
175:United States Pacific Fleet
10:
3449:
2992:Commander in Chief of the
2642:, accessed March 17, 2013
2123:. Indiana UP. p. 517.
1800:World War II Victory Medal
1764:Presidential Unit Citation
1469:in the 1988 TV miniseries
1442:Spruance was portrayed by
1149:, told his chief of staff
954:Commanding the Fifth Fleet
671:islands in February 1942,
323:, comprising the carriers
3378:Naval War College faculty
3260:
3114:
3051:
3042:
3034:
3029:
3019:
3010:
3002:
2990:
2982:
2972:
2966:United States Fifth Fleet
2962:
2957:
2952:
2945:. New York: W. W. Norton.
2934:. New York: W. W. Norton.
2923:. New York: W. W. Norton.
2876:Buell, Thomas B. (1974).
2329:The Pacific War 1941–1945
2304:The Pacific War 1941–1945
2250:, accessed March 17, 2013
2175:. Boston: Little, Brown.
2169:Buell, Thomas B. (1974).
1850:Croix de Guerre with Palm
1848:
1841:
1834:
1822:
1815:
1808:
1798:
1788:
1781:
1771:World War I Victory Medal
1769:
1762:
1757:
1747:
1728:
1723:
1504:
1486:
1386:
1297:Croix de guerre with Palm
1143:Chief of Naval Operations
1058:'s forces were attacking
766:. Fletcher would command
683:
616:Naval Station Isla Grande
280:
238:
180:
171:United States Fifth Fleet
166:
151:
143:
123:
105:
87:
70:
50:
42:
30:
23:
3373:Naval War College alumni
2901:. Weybright and Talley.
2825:. Collins. p. 324.
2573:magazine, May 1998 issue
2545:. Zenith Press. p.
2382:Parshall; Tully (2005).
2197:"Spruance, Raymond Ames"
1348:Pebble Beach, California
1341:William Orison Valentine
1315:eventual capitulation...
1259:Spruance's headstone at
474:In 1916 he aided in the
346:Official Navy historian
81:Pebble Beach, California
2722:"Anne Bogart Interview"
2539:Tuohy, William (2007).
2327:Costello, John (1981).
2302:Costello, John (1981).
2117:H. P. Willmott (2010).
1889:Lieutenant junior grade
1759:Navy Commendation Medal
1103:, Island Commander, MG
779:Battle of the Coral Sea
748:with its two carriers,
494:New York Naval Shipyard
393:Patrick N. L. Bellinger
2857:Bess, Michael (2006).
2664:Buell, Thomas (1974).
2583:Buell, Thomas (1974).
2453:Buell, Thomas (1974).
2246:March 3, 2013, at the
2225:: CS1 maint: others (
1795:3/16-inch battle stars
1774:with "Overseas" clasp
1499:
1317:
1308:Letter of Commendation
1285:
1263:
1243:
1163:End of the Pacific War
1160:
1135:
1112:
1041:
991:
713:Imperial Japanese Navy
696:
665:William F. Halsey, Jr.
389:electrical engineering
381:Shortridge High School
341:Imperial Japanese Navy
37:Spruance in April 1944
2821:Wouk, Herman (1978).
2289:Tuohy, William. 2007.
2147:Morison, Samuel Eliot
1810:Navy Occupation Medal
1494:
1481:book of the same name
1428:Newport, Rhode Island
1312:
1299:by the Government of
1280:
1258:
1238:
1155:
1133:place it in jeopardy.
1130:
1086:
1036:
961:
691:
620:San Juan, Puerto Rico
586:by the Government of
561:Bureau of Engineering
377:Indianapolis, Indiana
367:Spruance was born in
294:Raymond Ames Spruance
144:Years of service
97:San Bruno, California
2747:magazine, 1998 issue
2416:), Volume IV, p. 142
1899:Lieutenant commander
1125:Battle of Leyte Gulf
1109:III Amphibious Corps
944:Guadalcanal campaign
931:Samuel Eliot Morison
701:invade Midway Island
669:Gilbert and Marshall
643:, the heavy cruiser
435:Spanish–American War
359:to the Philippines.
348:Samuel Eliot Morison
315:. He also commanded
2823:War and remembrance
1967:September 13, 1911
1964:September 13, 1908
1786:with "Fleet" clasp
1472:War and Remembrance
1438:Cultural depictions
1412:, 61st ship of the
1405:of destroyers, and
1398:, lead ship of the
1364:Charles A. Lockwood
1268:General of the Army
1230:Robert P. Patterson
1217:Spruance succeeded
1048:Operation Hailstone
764:Frank Jack Fletcher
563:under Rear Admiral
447:from 1907 to 1909.
64:Baltimore, Maryland
25:Raymond A. Spruance
2730:. August 23, 2022.
2135:Why the Allies Won
1982:September 21, 1918
1813:with "Asia" clasp
1500:
1360:Richmond K. Turner
1264:
1189:off Okinawa. When
1113:
1046:Spruance directed
992:
988:Charles A. Pownall
964:Richard L. Conolly
697:
559:, for duty in the
478:of the battleship
385:U.S. Naval Academy
298:United States Navy
284:Ambassador to the
223:Battle of Iwo Jima
138:United States Navy
3271:
3270:
3061:
3060:
3052:Succeeded by
3030:Diplomatic posts
3020:Succeeded by
2986:Chester W. Nimitz
2973:Succeeded by
2964:Commander of the
2953:Military offices
2743:Michael D. Hull,
2625:978-0-3455-4871-9
2569:Michael D. Hull,
2556:978-0-7603-2985-6
2368:978-0-307-42518-8
2152:The Two-Ocean War
2102:
2101:
2098:February 4, 1944
1992:
1991:
1857:
1856:
1839:(United Kingdom)
1716:
1715:
1497:Naval War College
1456:in the 2019 film
1424:Naval War College
1346:Spruance died in
866:combat air patrol
694:Chester W. Nimitz
660:and commanded by
599:Naval War College
590:for his service.
551:He commanded the
445:Great White Fleet
397:Willis W. Bradley
291:
290:
228:Battle of Okinawa
74:December 13, 1969
3440:
3353:Battle of Midway
3312:
3311:
3300:
3299:
3288:
3287:
3286:
3279:
3266:
3109:
3108:
3099:
3098:
3097:
3087:
3080:
3073:
3064:
3063:
3035:Preceded by
3003:Preceded by
2983:Preceded by
2950:
2949:
2946:
2935:
2924:
2910:
2893:
2872:
2845:
2844:
2818:
2812:
2811:
2804:
2798:
2797:
2790:
2784:
2783:
2776:
2770:
2769:
2767:
2765:
2754:
2748:
2741:
2732:
2731:
2718:
2712:
2711:
2709:
2707:
2692:
2686:
2685:
2661:
2655:
2652:
2643:
2636:
2630:
2629:
2618:. Bantam Books.
2611:
2605:
2604:
2580:
2574:
2567:
2561:
2560:
2536:
2530:
2524:
2518:
2517:
2515:
2513:
2492:
2486:
2483:
2477:
2476:
2460:
2450:
2444:
2443:
2423:
2417:
2410:
2404:
2403:
2379:
2373:
2372:
2352:
2343:
2342:
2324:
2318:
2317:
2299:
2293:
2287:
2278:
2277:
2275:
2273:
2262:
2251:
2237:
2231:
2230:
2224:
2216:
2207:
2201:
2200:
2193:
2187:
2186:
2166:
2157:
2156:
2143:
2137:
2131:
2125:
2124:
2114:
2073:
2066:
2059:
2052:
2045:
1994:
1986:February 1, 1922
1970:October 2, 1913
1959:
1952:
1945:
1938:
1931:
1880:
1869:
1743:
1742:
1738:
1718:
1717:
1712:
1705:
1698:
1689:
1680:
1674:
1667:
1657:
1648:
1639:
1633:
1626:
1619:
1612:
1600:
1594:
1580:
1574:
1562:
1556:
1546:
1537:
1530:
1524:
1517:
1509:
1502:
1501:
1293:Order of Leopold
1232:, presented the
1226:Secretary of War
1185:was struck by a
1093:Holland M. Smith
976:Holland M. Smith
859:from Spruance's
737:Admiral Fletcher
709:Isoroku Yamamoto
652:aircraft carrier
557:Washington, D.C.
401:George M. Courts
321:Battle of Midway
270:
259:
249:
213:Battle of Tinian
208:Battle of Saipan
203:Battle of Tarawa
198:Battle of Midway
159:
136:
134:
133:
125:
116:
114:
113:
77:
60:
58:
35:
21:
20:
3448:
3447:
3443:
3442:
3441:
3439:
3438:
3437:
3328:
3327:
3309:
3306:
3294:
3284:
3282:
3274:
3272:
3267:
3258:
3110:
3103:
3095:
3093:
3091:
3057:
3048:
3040:
3025:
3023:Donald B. Beary
3016:
3008:
2997:
2988:
2978:
2969:
2890:
2869:
2853:
2851:Further reading
2848:
2833:
2819:
2815:
2806:
2805:
2801:
2792:
2791:
2787:
2778:
2777:
2773:
2763:
2761:
2756:
2755:
2751:
2742:
2735:
2720:
2719:
2715:
2705:
2703:
2702:on May 19, 2018
2694:
2693:
2689:
2682:
2662:
2658:
2653:
2646:
2637:
2633:
2626:
2612:
2608:
2601:
2581:
2577:
2568:
2564:
2557:
2537:
2533:
2526:Kent G. Budge,
2525:
2521:
2511:
2509:
2508:. June 17, 2010
2494:
2493:
2489:
2484:
2480:
2473:
2451:
2447:
2440:
2424:
2420:
2411:
2407:
2400:
2385:Shattered Sword
2380:
2376:
2369:
2353:
2346:
2339:
2325:
2321:
2314:
2300:
2296:
2288:
2281:
2271:
2269:
2264:
2263:
2254:
2248:Wayback Machine
2238:
2234:
2218:
2217:
2209:
2208:
2204:
2195:
2194:
2190:
2183:
2167:
2160:
2144:
2140:
2133:Richard Overy,
2132:
2128:
2115:
2111:
2107:
2091:
2090:October 1, 1940
2089:
2087:
2079:
1987:
1985:
1983:
1978:
1976:
1974:
1973:August 31, 1917
1862:
1852:
1845:
1838:
1826:
1820:with two stars
1819:
1812:
1792:
1785:
1773:
1766:
1740:
1736:
1735:
1732:
1682:
1681:
1675:
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1602:
1601:
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1582:
1581:
1575:
1564:
1563:
1557:
1532:
1531:
1525:
1518:
1489:
1440:
1410: (DDG-111)
1391:The destroyers
1389:
1376:
1326:Harry S. Truman
1322:
1253:
1248:
1165:
1101:Henry L. Larsen
1081:
968:James Forrestal
956:
686:
633:
628:
565:John K. Robison
516:Bath Iron Works
421:
409:Jonas H. Ingram
405:Henry K. Hewitt
365:
313:Pacific Theatre
281:Other work
276:
234:
173:
131:
129:
111:
109:
101:
100:(section C-1,3)
99:
79:
75:
62:
56:
54:
38:
26:
17:
12:
11:
5:
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3112:
3111:
3090:
3089:
3082:
3075:
3067:
3059:
3058:
3055:Homer Ferguson
3053:
3050:
3041:
3038:Myron M. Cowen
3036:
3032:
3031:
3027:
3026:
3021:
3018:
3009:
3006:William S. Pye
3004:
3000:
2999:
2989:
2984:
2980:
2979:
2976:John H. Towers
2974:
2971:
2961:
2955:
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2948:
2947:
2936:
2925:
2911:
2894:
2888:
2873:
2867:
2852:
2849:
2847:
2846:
2832:978-1444779295
2831:
2813:
2799:
2785:
2771:
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2680:
2656:
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2519:
2501:SlideShare.net
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2020:
2015:
2010:
2005:
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1990:
1989:
1980:
1971:
1968:
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1961:
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1939:
1932:
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1828:
1821:
1814:
1807:
1803:
1802:
1797:
1787:
1780:
1776:
1775:
1768:
1767:with one star
1761:
1756:
1752:
1751:
1746:
1727:
1722:
1714:
1713:
1706:
1699:
1691:
1690:
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1538:
1519:
1512:
1511:
1510:
1488:
1485:
1467:G. D. Spradlin
1439:
1436:
1396: (DD-963)
1388:
1385:
1375:
1372:
1362:, and Admiral
1356:Chester Nimitz
1321:
1318:
1252:
1249:
1247:
1244:
1164:
1161:
1139:Ernest J. King
1080:
1077:
1069:and destroyer
1060:Eniwetok Atoll
1056:Admiral Turner
1023:George C. Dyer
955:
952:
948:Combined Fleet
843:while holding
812:Nobutake KondĹŤ
808:Chūichi Nagumo
742:Miles Browning
725:Chester Nimitz
705:Combined Fleet
685:
682:
677:Doolittle Raid
637:heavy cruisers
632:
629:
627:
624:
572:Philip Andrews
531:Atlantic Fleet
500:, England and
420:
417:
413:Claud A. Jones
364:
361:
289:
288:
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78:(aged 83)
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28:
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24:
15:
9:
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2:
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1977:July 23, 1918
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1860:Dates of rank
1851:
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1432:Spruance Hall
1429:
1425:
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1416:
1415:Arleigh Burke
1411:
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1371:
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1333:honoris causa
1329:
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1309:
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1302:
1298:
1294:
1290:
1287:Spruance was
1284:
1279:
1277:
1276:William Leahy
1273:
1272:Fleet Admiral
1269:
1262:
1257:
1242:
1237:
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1219:Fleet Admiral
1215:
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1196:
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1188:
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1151:Arleigh Burke
1148:
1147:Marc Mitscher
1144:
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1105:Roy S. Geiger
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1027:light cruiser
1024:
1019:
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1007:
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985:
984:Evans Carlson
981:
977:
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972:Harry Schmidt
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768:Task Force 17
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746:Task Force 16
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631:Before Midway
623:
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486:commissioning
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118:United States
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29:
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3307:
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2991:
2963:
2958:
2940:
2929:
2918:
2915:Toll, Ian W.
2898:
2878:
2858:
2822:
2816:
2802:
2788:
2774:
2764:February 11,
2762:. Retrieved
2752:
2745:World War II
2744:
2725:
2716:
2704:. Retrieved
2700:the original
2690:
2666:
2659:
2634:
2615:
2609:
2585:
2578:
2571:World War II
2570:
2565:
2541:
2534:
2527:
2522:
2510:. Retrieved
2499:
2490:
2481:
2456:
2448:
2428:
2421:
2413:
2408:
2384:
2377:
2357:
2328:
2322:
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2297:
2290:
2270:. Retrieved
2235:
2211:
2205:
2191:
2171:
2151:
2141:
2134:
2129:
2119:
2112:
2092:(permanent)
2086:June 1, 1939
2080:(permanent)
2013:Vice admiral
2008:Rear admiral
1988:(permanent)
1979:(permanent)
1744:" Gold Stars
1470:
1464:
1457:
1447:
1441:
1421:
1414:
1407:
1400:
1393:
1390:
1381:
1377:
1345:
1335:degree from
1330:
1323:
1313:
1305:
1286:
1281:
1265:
1239:
1223:
1216:
1213:
1206:
1200:
1194:
1190:
1183:Indianapolis
1182:
1177:
1171:Indianapolis
1170:
1166:
1156:
1136:
1131:
1114:
1071:
1065:
1045:
1042:
1037:
1030:
1020:
1012:Kelly Turner
1008:
996:
993:
941:
926:
922:
920:
915:
911:
907:
903:
898:
896:
887:
883:
882:; while the
878:
873:
869:
860:
857:dive bombers
854:
849:
844:
840:
836:
831:
824:
822:
816:
803:
799:
795:
793:
788:
783:
773:
758:
751:
730:
721:Pearl Harbor
698:
662:Vice Admiral
656:
646:
634:
626:World War II
612:rear admiral
607:
602:
596:
592:
569:
552:
550:
536:
525:
510:
506:
504:, Scotland.
481:Pennsylvania
480:
473:
467:
461:
455:
449:
439:
429:
422:
366:
345:
336:
331:
325:
305:World War II
293:
292:
193:World War II
181:Battles/wars
76:(1969-12-13)
61:July 3, 1886
18:
3343:1969 deaths
3338:1886 births
3229:Ricciardone
2088:(temporary)
2083:Never held
1984:(temporary)
1975:(temporary)
1793:with eight
1477:Herman Wouk
1430:, is named
1374:Personality
1368:Anne Bogart
1016:John Towers
1003:Third Fleet
999:Fifth Fleet
980:Ben Moreell
673:Wake Island
647:Northampton
608:Mississippi
603:Mississippi
520:Bath, Maine
490:World War I
476:fitting out
468:Mississippi
286:Philippines
188:World War I
43:Nickname(s)
3332:Categories
3219:Negroponte
3049:1952–1955
3017:1946–1948
2998:1945–1946
2970:1944–1945
2907:B0006C5D54
2868:0307263657
2810:. YouTube.
2796:. YouTube.
2782:. YouTube.
2105:References
1894:Lieutenant
1874:Midshipman
1853:(Belgium)
1846:(Belgium)
1725:Navy Cross
1454:Jake Weber
1444:Glenn Ford
1320:Later life
1251:Retirement
1201:New Jersey
1195:New Mexico
1191:New Mexico
1178:New Mexico
986:,and RADM
927:Kido Butai
874:Enterprise
861:Enterprise
850:Enterprise
837:Enterprise
832:Kido Butai
826:Kido Butai
796:Enterprise
752:Enterprise
707:, Admiral
657:Enterprise
546:California
526:Aaron Ward
456:Bainbridge
452:destroyers
425:battleship
363:Early life
357:ambassador
351:appointed
337:Enterprise
326:Enterprise
251:Navy Cross
106:Allegiance
57:1886-07-03
3290:Biography
3159:Stevenson
3154:Hickerson
2959:New title
2841:893652792
2221:cite book
2212:Lucky Bag
2003:Commodore
1904:Commander
1827:(Greece)
1733:with two
1452:, and by
1343:in 1905.
1199:USS
1176:USS
1169:USS
1158:force....
804:Yorktown,
784:Lexington
772:USS
757:USS
750:USS
655:USS
645:USS
535:USS
524:USS
511:Agamemnon
509:USS
502:Edinburgh
440:Minnesota
428:USS
369:Baltimore
147:1907–1948
3302:Politics
3244:Goldberg
3199:Bosworth
3194:Armacost
3179:Sullivan
3169:Williams
3139:Ferguson
3134:Spruance
2917:(2011).
2706:July 10,
2512:June 19,
2272:July 10,
2244:Archived
2149:(1963).
1832:5th Row
1806:4th Row
1779:3rd Row
1755:2nd Row
1721:1st Row
1408:Spruance
1401:Spruance
1394:Spruance
1246:Post-war
1187:kamikaze
1010:Admiral
923:Yorktown
916:Yorktown
904:Yorktown
892:scuttled
884:Yorktown
845:Yorktown
789:Yorktown
774:Yorktown
733:shingles
641:flagship
553:Percival
537:Percival
373:Maryland
167:Commands
124:Service/
3276:Portals
3254:Carlson
3224:Hubbard
3214:Solomon
3174:Byroade
2727:YouTube
2018:Admiral
1998:Captain
1739:⁄
1301:Belgium
1072:Maikaze
1031:Astoria
1025:of the
978:, VADM
462:Osborne
319:at the
303:during
301:admiral
161:Admiral
3313:
3239:Thomas
3234:Kenney
3209:Wisner
3189:Murphy
3184:Newsom
3149:Bohlen
3124:O'Neal
3119:McNutt
2905:
2886:
2865:
2839:
2829:
2678:
2622:
2597:
2553:
2469:
2436:
2396:
2365:
2335:
2310:
2179:
1884:Ensign
1487:Awards
1459:Midway
1449:Midway
1387:Legacy
1209:-class
1141:, the
1117:Saipan
1099:), MG
1097:FMFPac
1066:Katori
982:, LTC
870:Hornet
841:Hornet
817:Yamato
802:, and
800:Hornet
759:Hornet
717:Hawaii
684:Midway
588:Greece
580:Turkey
576:Greece
498:London
411:, and
332:Hornet
239:Awards
135:
126:branch
115:
88:Buried
3204:Platt
3164:Blair
3144:Nufer
3129:Cowen
2036:O-10
1417:class
1403:class
974:, MG
970:, MG
912:Hiryū
908:Hiryū
899:Hiryū
888:Soryu
879:Akagi
2903:ASIN
2884:ISBN
2863:ISBN
2837:OCLC
2827:ISBN
2766:2012
2708:2018
2676:ISBN
2620:ISBN
2595:ISBN
2551:ISBN
2514:2010
2467:ISBN
2434:ISBN
2394:ISBN
2363:ISBN
2333:ISBN
2308:ISBN
2274:2018
2227:link
2177:ISBN
2033:O-9
2030:O-8
2027:O-7
2024:O-6
1922:O-5
1919:O-4
1916:O-3
1913:O-2
1910:O-1
1295:and
1270:and
1207:Iowa
1089:Guam
1052:Truk
839:and
755:and
719:and
578:and
430:Iowa
329:and
152:Rank
83:, US
71:Died
66:, US
51:Born
3249:Kim
2672:436
2591:303
2547:323
2463:166
1479:'s
1107:, (
618:in
540:in
518:in
263:(3)
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2736:^
2724:.
2674:.
2647:^
2593:.
2549:.
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2498:.
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2223:}}
2219:{{
2161:^
1741:16
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2628:.
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2229:)
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1737:5
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59:)
55:(
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