17:
154:, a political office then becoming popular in the cities of southern France. Consuls were usually high-ranking citizens, but they could also be noblemen or courtiers. Towards the end of his reign Raymond seems to have supported the nobles against the citizens and this got him murdered in the cathedral of BĂ©ziers in 1167. While he was campaigning with his nephew
70:, received Nîmes. In 1132 Roger and Raymond agreed that in the event of Roger's death without heirs, Carcassonne would pass to Raymond. In 1150 Roger died and his three viscounties all passed to Raymond. After a series of disputes, the viscounty of Agde was divided between Raymond and Bernard Ato, with the latter holding the title.
158:
against
Raymond of Toulouse, he was forced to mediate between a knight and a citizen and, choosing in favour of the knight, he punished the citizen (apparently moderately). Nonetheless, there was outrage among citizenry and Raymond arranged a meeting in BĂ©ziers. The bourgeoisie arrived secretly armed
110:, but he included a clause which prohibited him from being required to wage war on Toulouse. That Raymond was still trying to maintain his rapidly disintegrating alliance with Toulouse following his submission to Barcelona may imply that his submission had not been voluntary. In 1152 Raymond acquired
190:. The chronicle of Newburgh, however, refers to Raymond as "Guillem" and can thus not be counted as completely reliable, though the details surrounding his death are largely corroborated. Vaux-de-Cernay, on the other hand, describes the massacre of 7,000 citizens of BĂ©ziers by the
129:
in 1147. He remained with
Alfonso until the latter died in 1148. After his return to Europe, however, relations with Toulouse went sour—possibly concerning Raymond's sworn allegiance to Barcelona—and he quarrelled with Alfonso's son
142:
states that
Raymond was deprived of his lands by the count of Toulouse, charter evidence from 1155 to 1157 indicates that he lost no major possession. Out of hatred for the count of Toulouse, Raymond participated in
105:
and was probably accompanied by an armed host, so it is at least probable that he had an army present in the region at the time when he made the treaty with
Raymond. In 1151 Raymond made a mutual defence treaty with
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in 1209 as divine justice on the city for the treachery shown to their lord and their bishop, who had had his teeth knocked out trying to defend
Raymond from attack.
48:
98:
40:
32:
93:
to intimidate
Raymond to submit, but there is no primary contemporaneous source which verifies this. However, Raymond Berengar IV had been at
147:'s expedition against Toulouse in 1159. By 1163 he had made peace with Toulouse and the count had reimbursed him for the ransom of 1153.
426:
167:
on his behalf in 1167. Roger punished the citizens of BĂ©ziers by permitting the
Aragonese troops to enter the city and kill them.
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62:
and
Cecilia of Provence. When his father died in 1129, he redistributed his six viscounties between his three sons. The eldest,
416:
370:
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421:
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in a purchase from his nephew Gerald de
Roussillon. In 1158 the agreement with Raymond Berengar was renewed.
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and, on a signal, assaulted and killed the viscount. By his wife Saure, Raymond left a son and successor,
163:, who inherited all his viscounties, but was unable to occupy BĂ©ziers until 1168, despite a siege led by
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In
November of the same year that he inherited his brother's viscounties, Raymond made a treaty with
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66:, received Carcassonne, Albi, and Razès; Raymond received Béziers and Agde; while the youngest,
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36:
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whereby he swore fealty to the count of Barcelona and agreed to hold Carcassonne, Razès, and
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386:
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8:
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In 1131, at the very onset of his reign, Raymond was confronted with the formation of a
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134:, who imprisoned him in 1153. He was released only on the payment of a ransom of 3,000
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16:
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89:("Annals of the Crown of Aragon") that Raymond Berengar IV marched an army to
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178:. His death is recorded by such diverse chroniclers as William of Newburgh,
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90:
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111:
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Raymond's death possibly forms the subject matter of the poem
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Throughout his career Raymond had very good relations with
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The Southern French Nobility and the Albigensian Crusade
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from the count as a vassal. The 16th-century historian
356:
Ermengard of Narbonne and the World of the Troubadours
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55:family, ruling the lands of the elder branch.
172:A People Grieving for the Death of their Lord
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97:in September to negotiate a truce with
75:Raymond Berengar IV, Count of Barcelona
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20:The murder of Raymond Trencavel.jpg
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51:from 1150. He was a member of the
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358:, Cornell University Press, 2001.
427:Christians of the Second Crusade
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1:
125:, and accompanied him on the
87:Anales de la Corona de AragĂłn
7:
365:, The Boydell Press, 2005.
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58:He was the second son of
417:Viscounts of Carcassonne
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300:Graham-Leigh, 147 n148.
188:Peter of Vaux-de-Cernay
361:Graham-Leigh, Elaine.
176:Guillem Augier Novella
31:) (died 1167) was the
21:
354:Fredric L. Cheyette,
108:Ermengard of Narbonne
101:to put an end to the
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412:Viscounts of BĂ©ziers
165:Alfonso II of Aragon
192:Albigensian Crusade
145:Henry II of England
140:William of Newburgh
25:Raymond I Trencavel
422:Viscounts of Razès
314:Graham-Leigh, 147.
291:Graham-Leigh, 101.
261:Graham-Leigh, 111.
249:Graham-Leigh, 110.
184:Gaufred de Vigeois
22:
407:Viscounts of Albi
402:Viscounts of Agde
341:Graham-Leigh, 26.
332:Graham-Leigh, 17.
323:Graham-Leigh, 31.
282:Graham-Leigh, 98.
270:Graham-Leigh, 11.
237:Graham-Leigh, 99.
225:Graham-Leigh, 42.
180:Robert of Torigny
123:Count of Toulouse
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392:Occitan nobility
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138:in 1154. Though
99:Raymond des Baux
41:Viscount of Albi
33:Viscount of Agde
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83:GerĂłnimo Zurita
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156:Bernard Ato VI
127:Second Crusade
119:Alfonso Jordan
60:Bernard Ato IV
39:from 1130 and
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213:Cheyette, 26.
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68:Bernard Ato V
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387:1167 deaths
45:Carcassonne
381:Categories
397:Trencavel
152:consulate
132:Raymond V
53:Trencavel
161:Roger II
91:Narbonne
349:Sources
79:Lautrec
64:Roger I
37:BĂ©ziers
29:Raimond
369:
186:, and
47:, and
27:(also
198:Notes
136:marks
95:Arles
49:Razès
367:ISBN
112:Mèze
35:and
174:by
383::
305:^
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