Presidency of Ronald Reagan

4724: 3590: 2153: 1056: 2267: 3371: 3231: 3977: 4020: 1147: 3789:(INF Treaty), which committed both signatories to the total abolition of their respective short-range and medium-range missile stockpiles. The agreement marked the first time that the United States and the Soviet Union had committed to the elimination of a type of nuclear weapon, though it provided for the dismantlement of only about one-twentieth of the worldwide nuclear weapon arsenal. The treaty also established an inspections regime designed to ensure that both parties honored the agreement. In addition to the INF Treaty, Reagan and Gorbachev discussed a potential strategic arms treaty, known as START, but SDI continued to be a major point of contention. In May 1988, the Senate voted 93-to-5 in favor of ratifying the INF Treaty. 964:. Meanwhile, it became socially acceptable for conservative Southern whites, especially well-educated suburbanites, to vote Republican. Though the civil rights legislation of the 1960s had been a triumphal issue for liberalism and had created a new, pro-Democratic black electorate, it had also destroyed the argument that whites had to vote Democratic to protect segregation in the South. Responding to these various trends, Reagan and other conservatives successfully presented conservative ideas as an alternative to a public that had grown disillusioned with New Deal liberalism and the Democratic Party. Reagan's charisma and speaking skills helped him frame conservatism as an optimistic, forward-looking vision for the country. 3482: 3793: 2331:(TEFRA). Many of Reagan's conservative supporters condemned TEFRA, but Reagan argued that his administration would be unable to win further budget cuts without the tax hike. Among other provisions, TEFRA doubled the federal cigarette tax and rescinded a portion of the corporate tax cuts from the 1981 tax bill. By 1983, the amount of federal tax had fallen for all or almost all American taxpayers, but most strongly affected the wealthy; the proportion of income paid in taxes by the richest one percent fell from 29.8 percent to 24.8 percent. Partly due to the poor economy, Reagan's legislative momentum dissipated after his first year in office, and his party lost several seats in the House in the 2916: 662: 184: 2757: 44: 148: 929: 3058:, which stated: "Nothing in this Constitution shall be construed to prohibit individual or group prayer in public schools or other public institutions. No person shall be required by the United States or by any state to participate in prayer." In 1984, he again raised the issue to Congress. In 1985, he expressed his disappointment that the Supreme Court ruling still banned a moment of silence for public schools, and said that efforts to reinstitute prayer in public schools were "an uphill battle". In 1987, he renewed his call for Congress to support voluntary prayer in schools. 4819: 3672:, released a report in February 1987 that confirmed that the administration had traded arms for hostages and sent the proceeds of the weapons sales to the Contras. The report laid most of the blame for the operation on North, Poindexter, and McFarlane, but it was also critical of Regan and other White House staffers. In response to the Tower Commission report, Reagan stated, "Its findings are honest, convincing and highly critical...As angry as I may be about activities undertaken without my knowledge, I am still accountable for those activities." The 3676:, as it became known, did serious damage to the Reagan presidency, raising questions about Reagan's competency and the wisdom of conservative policies. A poll taken in March 1987 showed that 85 percent of respondents believed that the Reagan administration had engaged in an organized cover-up, and half of the respondents believed that Reagan had been personally involved. The administration's credibility was also badly damaged on the international stage, as it had violated its own arms embargo on Iran. Congressional Democrats considered 4062: 3875:, Reagan's Director of Communications, argued that the president did not equate the SS members with the actual Holocaust, but as victims of the ideology of Nazism. Now strongly urged to cancel the visit, the president responded that it would be wrong to back down on a promise he had made to Chancellor Kohl. On May 5, 1985, President Reagan and Chancellor Kohl first visited the site of the former Nazi Bergen-Belsen concentration camp and then the Bitburg cemetery where, along with two military generals, they did place a wreath. 655: 3220: 2907:, Reagan said, "The legalization provisions in this act will go far to improve the lives of a class of individuals who now must hide in the shadows, without access to many of the benefits of a free and open society. Very soon many of these men and women will be able to step into the sunlight and, ultimately, if they choose, they may become Americans." The bill was largely unsuccessful at halting illegal immigration, and the population of illegal immigrants rose from 5 million in 1986 to 11.1 million in 2013. 668: 2932: 3699: 3884: 4915: 4943: 1040:. After Bush won the Iowa caucuses, he became Reagan's primary challenger, but Reagan won the New Hampshire primary and most of the following primaries, gaining an insurmountable delegate lead by the end of March 1980. Ford was Reagan's first choice for his running mate, but Reagan backed away from the idea out of the fear of a "co-presidency" in which Ford would exercise an unusual degree of power. Reagan instead chose Bush, and the Reagan-Bush ticket was nominated at the 2687:, which cut into federal revenue. Unable to win further domestic spending cuts, and pressured to address the deficit, Reagan was forced to raise taxes after 1981. Nonetheless, the national debt more than tripled between fiscal year 1980 and fiscal year 1989, going from $ 914 billion to $ 2.7 trillion, while national debt as a percentage of GDP rose from 33 percent in 1981 to 53 percent in 1989. Reagan never submitted a balanced budget during his time in office. 4708: 4360: 997: 4929: 13497: 12833: 4901: 3799: 3797: 3794: 13507: 3798: 1135: 4193:. She said that on her last day on the beat, Reagan spoke to her for a few moments and did not seem to know who she was before returning to his normal behavior. However, Reagan's primary physician, John Hutton, has said that Reagan "absolutely" did not "show any signs of dementia or Alzheimer's" during his presidency. His doctors have noted that he began exhibiting Alzheimer's symptoms only after he left the White House. 3796: 3009: 4870:

dedicated patriotism, and pragmatic compromising. Since he left office, historians have reached a consensus, as summarized by British historian M. J. Heale, who finds that scholars now concur that Reagan rehabilitated conservatism, turned the nation to the right, practiced a considerably pragmatic conservatism that balanced ideology and the constraints of politics, revived faith in the presidency and in

3750:, where they issued a joint statement indicating that neither the U.S. nor the Soviet Union would "seek to achieve military superiority." The two leaders began a private correspondence after the summit, and each became increasingly optimistic about arms control negotiations. Reagan's willingness to negotiate with the Soviets was opposed by many conservatives, including Weinberger; conservative columnist 4100:, aimed at moving individuals and institutions to sell their holdings in companies doing business in South Africa. By late 1985, facing escalating public and congressional opposition to his administration's tolerant attitude toward the South African government's policy of apartheid, Reagan made an "abrupt reversal" on the issue and proposed sanctions on the South African government, including an 2773:

while approximately 40 percent of the union members returned to work. Reagan's handling of the strike was strongly criticized by union leaders, but it won the approval of his conservative base of voters and others in the public. The breaking of the PATCO strike demoralized organized labor, and the number of strikes fell dramatically in the 1980s. Many of the strikes that did occur, including the

2723:. But Reagan himself never criticized Volcker. Volcker sought to fight inflation by pursuing a policy of "tight money" in which interest rates were set at a high level. High interest rates would restrict lending and investment, which would in turn lower inflation, raise unemployment and, at least in the short term, reduce economic growth. Unemployment reached a high of nearly 11% in 1982, 4085:" with the apartheid government of South Africa. In opposition to the condemnations issued by the U.S. Congress and public demands for diplomatic or economic sanctions, Reagan made relatively minor criticisms of the regime, which was otherwise internationally isolated, and the U.S. granted recognition to the government. South Africa's military was then engaged in an occupation of 4779:, Dukakis led the polls by seventeen points, but Bush, aided by the INF Treaty and the strong economy, closed the gap as the election neared. Democrats tried to link Bush to the Iran–Contra Scandal, but Bush claimed that he had not been involved. The GOP effectively cast Dukakis as "soft" on crime and foreign policy issues, seizing on Dukakis's pardon of 2355:. The act simplified the tax code by reducing the number of tax brackets to four and slashing a number of tax breaks. The top rate was dropped to 28%, but capital gains taxes were increased on those with the highest incomes from 20% to 28%. The increase of the lowest tax bracket from 11% to 15% was more than offset by expansion of the personal exemption, 2981:. Critics charged that Reagan's policies promoted significant racial disparities in the prison population, were ineffective in reducing the availability of drugs or crime on the street, and came at a great financial and human cost for American society. Supporters argued that the numbers for adolescent drug users declined during Reagan's years in office. 3653:, an aide on the National Security Council, the Reagan administration redirected the proceeds from the missile sales to the Contras. The transactions became public knowledge by early November 1986. Reagan initially denied any wrongdoing, but on November 25 he announced that Poindexter and North had left the administration and that he would form the 4675:

However, Senate Republicans faced a difficult map that year, as they had to defend 22 of the 34 seats up for election. Republican losses in the Senate were concentrated in the South and in the farm states. The Republican loss of the Senate precluded the possibility of further major conservative legislation during the Reagan administration.

4415:. Reagan's ability to perform the duties of president for another term was questioned by some observers, especially after a weak performance in the first presidential debate. His apparent confused and forgetful behavior was evident to his supporters; they had previously known him clever and witty. Rumors began to circulate that he had 10047: 2715:, a phenomenon in which both inflation and unemployment were high. The economy experienced a brief period of growth early in Reagan's first year in office, but plunged into a recession in July 1981. As the recession continued in the first two years of Reagan's presidency, many within Reagan's administration blamed the policies of 4182:, which he specifically avoided invoking. The surgery lasted just under three hours and was successful. Reagan resumed the powers of the presidency later that day. In August of that year, he underwent an operation to remove skin cancer cells from his nose. In October, more skin cancer cells were detected on his nose and removed. 3962:," which stated that the U.S. should intervene militarily as a last resort and should set clear and limited goals in such interventions. Though termed the Powell doctrine, the policy was originally developed by Secretary of Defense Weinberger, who was influenced not only by Lebanon but also by the experience of the Vietnam War. 2263:. Reagan relied on Laffer and other economists to argue that tax cuts would reduce inflation, which went against the prevailing Keynesian view. Supply-side advocates also asserted that cutting taxes would ultimately lead to higher government revenue due to economic growth, a proposition that was challenged by many economists. 2899:, required employers to attest to their employees' immigration status, and granted amnesty to approximately three million illegal immigrants who had entered the United States before January 1, 1982, and had lived in the country continuously. The bill was also contained provisions designed to enhance security measures at the 4404:

rights, and other issues, stating that the Reagan administration was "of the rich, by the rich, and for the rich." He also criticized the federal debt accumulated under Reagan, stating, "...The budget will be squeezed. Taxes will go up. And anyone who says they won't is not telling the truth to the American people."

4012:, resulting in the injury of 63 American military personnel and death of one serviceman. Stating that there was "irrefutable proof" that Libya had directed the "terrorist bombing," Reagan authorized the use of force against the country. In the late evening of April 15, 1986, the United States launched a series of 1966:, and CIA Director Casey had established themselves as the major figures in the formulation of the administration's foreign policy. Shultz eventually emerged as the administration's most influential foreign policy figure, moving the administration towards a less confrontational policy with the Soviet Union. 4423:

votes, and received 59% of the popular vote to Mondale's 41%. Compared to 1980, Reagan's strongest gains came among white Southern voters, and he also performed particularly well among Catholic voters, voters between the ages of eighteen and twenty-nine, and voters over the age of sixty. In the concurrent

6812:

The politics of the Reagan years and the Bush years probably made it somewhat harder to get treatment expanded, but at the same time, it probably had a good effect in terms of decreasing initiation and use. For example, marijuana went from thirty-three percent of high-school seniors in 1980 to twelve

4674:

In the 1986 mid-term elections, Democrats retained a majority of the House and won control of the Senate for the first time since the 1980 elections. Reagan campaigned hard for congressional Republicans, and an October 1986 New York Times/CBS News Poll had found that Reagan had a 67% approval rating.

3462:

and other indigenous groups. Reagan had said that Montt was getting a "bum rap", and described him as "a man of great personal integrity". Previous human rights violations had prompted the United States to cut off aid to the Guatemalan government, but the Reagan administration unsuccessfully appealed

3138:

Reagan's strong preferences for limited federal involvement and deregulation extended to the environment. His main goal was to lessen the burden of regulation on businesses to promote more economic activity in the United States. Because of this policy, Reagan refused to renew the Clean Air Act during

2789:

appointees, many companies also won wage and benefit cutbacks from unions, especially in the manufacturing sector. During Reagan's time in office, the share of employees who were part of a labor union dropped from approximately one-fourth of the total workforce to approximately one-sixth of the total

2772:

in hopes of receiving better pay and benefits. After the vote, Reagan announced that the strikers would be fired if they did not return to work within forty-eight hours. Federal law forbid government employees from striking. After the deadline passed, Reagan fired over 10,000 air traffic controllers,

2735:

individuals both increased during the 1980s. Fearful of damaging confidence in the economic recovery, Reagan nominated Volcker to a second term in 1983, and Volcker remained in office until 1987. Inflation dropped to approximately 3.5% in 1985, while the unemployment rate fell to about 5% in 1988. In

2661:

to make recommendations to secure the long-term integrity of Social Security. The commission rejected Social Security privatization and other major changes to the program, but recommended expanding the Social Security base (by including exempt federal and nonprofit employees), raising Social Security

1102:

Though the race had been widely regarded as a close contest, Reagan won over the large majority of undecided voters. Reagan took 50.7% of the popular vote and 489 of the 538 electoral votes. Carter won 41% of the popular vote and 49 electoral votes, while Anderson won 6.6% of the popular vote. In the

4403:

as his running mate in hopes of galvanizing support for his campaign, thus making Ferraro the first female major party vice presidential nominee in U.S. history. In accepting the Democratic nomination, Mondale attacked Reagan's policies regarding the environment, Social Security, nuclear arms, civil

4830:

Since Reagan left office in 1989, substantial debate has occurred among scholars, historians, and the general public surrounding his legacy. Supporters have pointed to a more efficient and prosperous economy as a result of Reagan's economic policies, foreign policy triumphs including a peaceful end

4318:

In the 1982 mid-term elections, Democrats retained a majority of the House while Republicans retained control of the Senate. Democratic gains in the House put a check on Reagan's policies, as the incoming Congress was significantly less open to Reagan's conservative policies. Despite the Democratic

2291:

of Texas (who later became a Republican) were eager to back some of Reagan's conservative policies. Throughout 1981, Reagan frequently met with members of Congress, focusing especially on winning support from conservative Southern Democrats. Reagan also benefited from a conservative majority in the

2286:

had nearly won passage of a major tax cut during Carter's presidency, but Carter had prevented passage of the bill due to concerns about the deficit. Reagan made passage of the Kemp–Roth bill his top domestic priority upon taking office. As Democrats controlled the House of Representatives, passage

2195:

in 2024. The failed assassination attempt had great influence on Reagan's popularity; polls indicated his approval rating to be around 73%. Many pundits and journalists later described the failed assassination as a critical moment in Reagan's presidency, as his newfound popularity provided critical

4047:

after the attacks had commenced, stating, "When our citizens are attacked or abused anywhere in the world on the direct orders of hostile regimes, we will respond so long as I'm in this office." The attack was condemned by many countries. By a vote of 79 in favor to 28 against with 33 abstentions,

2010: 936:

Even prior to becoming president, Reagan was the leader of a dramatic conservative shift that undercut many of the domestic and foreign policies that had dominated the national agenda for decades. A major factor in the rise of conservatism was the growing distrust of government in the aftermath of

4869:

Despite the continuing debate surrounding his legacy, many conservative and liberal scholars agree that Reagan has been one of the most influential presidents since Franklin Roosevelt, leaving his imprint on American politics, diplomacy, culture, and economics through his effective communication,

4422:

Public opinion polling consistently showed a Reagan lead in the 1984 campaign, and Mondale was unable to shake up the race. In the end, Reagan won re-election, winning 49 of 50 states. Mondale carried only his home state of Minnesota and the District of Columbia. Reagan won a record 525 electoral

3807:

Though it was attacked by conservatives like Jesse Helms, the INF Treaty provided a major boost to Reagan's popularity in the aftermath of the Iran–Contra Affair. A new era of trade and openness between the two powers commenced, and the U.S. and the Soviet Union cooperated on international issues

3741:

As his influence on domestic affairs waned during his second term, Reagan increasingly focused on relations with the Soviet Union. Reagan recognized the change in the direction of the Soviet leadership under Gorbachev, and shifted to diplomacy, with a view to encourage the Soviet leader to pursue

3560:

nine days after. After two days of fighting that resulted in the deaths of 19 Americans, 45 Grenadans, and 24 Cubans, Austin's government was overthrown. Reagan then declared, "Our days of weakness are over. Our military forces are back on their feet and standing tall." While the invasion enjoyed

1094:

Reagan and Carter met in one presidential debate, held just one week before election day. Reagan delivered an effective performance, asking voters, "Are you better off today than you were four years ago?" In response to a characterization by Carter of his record regarding Medicare, Reagan replied

3683:

The investigations into the Iran–Contra scandal continued after Reagan left office, but were effectively halted when President George H. W. Bush pardoned Secretary of Defense Caspar Weinberger before his trial began. Investigators did not find conclusive proof that Reagan had known about the aid

2882:

The 1980s saw the highest rate of immigration to the United States since the 1910s, and the proportion of the foreign-born population reached its highest level since the 1940s. Reagan did not make immigration a focus of his administration, but he came to support a package of reforms sponsored by

3622:, prohibiting the CIA and Defense Department from using their budgets to provide aid to the Contras. Still intent on supporting the Contras, the Reagan administration raised funds for the Contras from private donors and foreign governments. When Congress learned that the CIA had secretly placed 1897:

formed the "troika," the key White House staffers early in Reagan's presidency. Baker quickly established himself as the most powerful member of the troika and the overseer of day-to-day operations, while Meese had nominal leadership of policy development and Deaver orchestrated Reagan's public

893:. Supporters of Reagan's presidency have pointed to his contributions to the economic recovery of the 1980s, the peaceful end of the Cold War, and a broader restoration of American confidence. However, Reagan's presidency has received criticism from some Democrats for rising budget deficits and 4419:. Reagan rebounded in the second debate, and confronted questions about his age, quipping, "I will not make age an issue of this campaign. I am not going to exploit, for political purposes, my opponent's youth and inexperience," which generated applause and laughter, even from Mondale himself. 3816:

with Gorbachev in 1988, he was viewed as a celebrity by the Soviets. A journalist asked the president if he still considered the Soviet Union the evil empire. "No," he replied, "I was talking about another time, another era." At Gorbachev's request, Reagan gave a speech on free markets at the

3757:

Various issues, including intelligence operations performed by both countries and tensions in Germany and Afghanistan, threatened to forestall the possibility of an agreement between the United States and the Soviet Union. Nonetheless, both Gorbachev and Reagan agreed to continue arms control

3142:

When Reagan took office in 1981, he "attempted to reduce" money that was directed towards studying the burgeoning field of global warming and human-driven climate change. In the early 1980s, the study of the intersection between human activity and climate change was still in its infancy and

2859:

wrote at the time, "The theft from the taxpayer by the community that fattened on the growth of the savings and loan (S&L) industry in the 1980s is the worst public scandal in American history...Measuring by money, by the misallocation of national resources...the S&L outrage makes

10058: 4077:, in which the minority of white South Africans exerted nearly complete legal control over the lives of the non-white majority of the citizens. In the early 1980s the issue had moved to the center of international attention as a result of events in the townships and outcry at the death of 2311:. Reagan's success in passing a major tax bill and cutting the federal budget was hailed as the "Reagan Revolution" by some reporters; one columnist wrote that the Reagan's legislative success represented the "most formidable domestic initiative any president has driven through since the 3957:

began to take American hostages, holding eight Americans by the middle of 1985. The Reagan administration's attempts to release these hostages would be a major component of the Iran-Contra Scandal. In response to the U.S. intervention in Lebanon, the Defense Department developed the

3194:; mandated rules for spying on United States citizens, permanent residents, and on anyone within the United States; and also directed the Attorney General and others to create further policies and procedures for what information intelligence agencies can collect, retain, and share. 3762:. At the summit, Gorbachev and Reagan closed in on an agreement to greatly reduce or eliminate the nuclear stockpiles of both the U.S. and the Soviet Union over a ten-year period, but the deal collapsed due to disagreements regarding SDI development. Reagan attacked Gorbachev in a 3429:

Although leading conservatives argued that Reagan's foreign policy strategy was essential to protecting their security interests, critics labeled the initiatives as aggressive and imperialistic, and chided them as "warmongering". Reagan was also heavily criticized for backing

3258:. Reagan feared that the Soviet Union had gained a military advantage over the United States, and the Reagan administration hoped that heightened military spending would grant the U.S. military superiority and weaken the Soviet economy. Reagan ordered a massive buildup of the 3863:. What neither Deaver nor other administration officials initially realized was that many Germans distinguished the regular SS, who typically were composed of Nazi true believers, and the Waffen-SS which were attached to military units and composed of conscripted soldiers. 3326:. Ultimately, the SDI would be canceled in 1993 due to concerns about its cost and effectiveness as well as a changing international situation. However, the Soviets became concerned about the possible effects SDI would have and viewed its development as a violation of the 3795: 4882:, but that he contributed to a shift in attitudes that led to the defeat of efforts to further expand the welfare state. Heclo further argues that Reagan's presidency made American voters and political leaders more tolerant of deficits and more opposed to taxation. 941:. While distrust of high officials had been an American characteristic for two centuries, Watergate engendered heightened levels of suspicion and encouraged the media to engage in a vigorous search for scandals. An unexpected new factor was the emergence of the 4831:

to the Cold War, and a restoration of American pride and morale. Proponents also argue Reagan restored faith in the American Dream after a decline in American confidence and self-respect under Jimmy Carter's perceived weak leadership, particularly during the

11033:

98 (1999): 15+. Reports that "many articles in the top journals have been fair, as have a number of influential books...from respected historians, presidential scholars, and political scientists – people who were not Reagan supporters and are certainly not

2363:. The net result was the removal of six million poor Americans from the income tax roll and a reduction of income tax liability at all income levels. The net effect of Reagan's tax bills was that overall tax burden held steady at roughly 19 percent of 1969:

Baker and Treasury Secretary Regan switched positions at the beginning of Reagan's second term. Regan centralized power within his office, and he took on the responsibilities that had been held by Baker, Deaver, and Meese, the latter of whom succeeded

2287:

of any bill would require the support of some House Democrats in addition to the support of congressional Republicans. Reagan's victory in the 1980 presidential campaign had united Republicans around his leadership, while conservative Democrats like

3738:, which would change the political and economic conditions of the Soviet Union. Seeking to reduce military expenditures and minimize the possibility of nuclear war, he also sought to re-open negotiations with the United States over arms control. 3414:. By 1987, the United States was sending over $ 600 million a year, as well as weapons, intelligence, and combat expertise to Afghanistan. The Soviet Union announced it would withdraw from Afghanistan in 1987, but the U.S. was subjected to 2292:

House during his first two years as president, with an estimated 230 votes during the 97th Congress, although this changed after the Democratic gains in the 1982 election, with House control switching to liberals within the Democratic caucus.

4052:

adopted resolution 41/38 which "condemns the military attack perpetrated against the Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya on April 15, 1986, which constitutes a violation of the Charter of the United Nations and of international law."

2339:, the losses were relatively small for the party holding the presidency, but conservative Democrats were less open to Reagan's initiatives after 1982. As deficits continued to be an issue, Reagan signed another bill that raised taxes, the 3866:

As the controversy brewed in April 1985, Reagan issued a statement that called the Nazi soldiers buried in that cemetery as themselves "victims", a designation which ignited a stir over whether Reagan had equated the SS men to victims of

3850:

Reagan came under much criticism in 1985 when he was accused of honoring Nazi war criminals at a cemetery in West Germany. In February 1985, the administration accepted an invitation for Reagan to visit a German military cemetery in

4889:'s presidents and Executive Politics section also ranked Reagan as the ninth greatest president. In terms of the worst mistake made by a sitting president, a 2006 poll of historians ranked the Iran-Contra affair as the ninth worst. 15363: 15358: 11026: 3139:

his administration. Reagan lessened existing regulations on pollution, cut funding to government environmental agencies, and appointed known anti-environmentalist individuals to key positions presiding over these organizations.

841:

in an attempt to end the Cold War. Under his doctrine, the Reagan administration initiated a massive buildup of the United States military; promoted new technologies such as missile defense systems; and, in 1983, undertook an

3330:. In protest of SDI, the Soviet Union broke off arms control talks, and U.S.-Soviet relations descended to their lowest point since the early 1960s. The Cold War tensions influenced works of popular culture such as the films 3948:

in Beirut killed 241 American Marines and 58 French soldiers. The international peacekeeping force was withdrawn from Lebanon in 1984. In reaction to the role Israel and the United States played in the Lebanese Civil War, a

956:, involving such issues as individual freedom, divorce, sexual freedom, abortion, and homosexuality. A mass movement of population from the cities to the suburbs led to the creation of a new group of voters less attached to 3746:, Reagan's ambassador to Moscow, he regarded as "totally irrational, totally inhumane, good for nothing but killing, possibly destructive of life on earth and civilization." Gorbachev and Reagan agreed to meet at the 1985 2040:, fulfilling a campaign promise to name the first woman to the Supreme Court. Democrats, who had planned to vigorously oppose Reagan's nominations to the Supreme Court, approved of the nomination of O'Connor. However, the 3613:

as the country's leader. Fearing that Communists would take over Nicaragua if it remained under the leadership of the Sandinistas, the Reagan administration authorized CIA Director William J. Casey to arm the right-wing

1091:. He instead sought to focus the race on Carter's handling of the economy. Mired with an approval rating in the low 30s, Carter also waged a negative campaign, focusing on the supposed risk of war if Reagan took office. 10247:

Henry, David (December 2009). "Ronald Reagan and the 1980s: Perceptions, Policies, Legacies. Ed. by Cheryl Hudson and Gareth Davies. (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2008. xiv, 268 pp. $ 84.95, ISBN 978-0-230-60302-8.)".

3684:

provided to the Contras, but Walsh's report noted that Reagan had "created the conditions which made possible the crimes committed by others" and had "knowingly participated or acquiesced in covering up the scandal."

2698:

if Congress was unable to eliminate deficits through the regular budget-making process. However, Congress found ways around the automatic cuts and deficits continued to rise, ultimately leading to the passage of the

12257: 2850:

After the passage of the Garn–St. Germain Depository Institutions Act, savings and loans associations engaged in riskier activities, and the leaders of some institutions embezzled funds. In what became known as the

4846:. Liberals especially disapproved of Reagan's simultaneous tax cuts for the wealthy and benefit cuts for the poor. Some critics assert that the Iran–Contra affair lowered American credibility. In his popular book, 3318:(SDI), a defense project that would have used ground- and space-based systems to protect the United States from attack by strategic nuclear ballistic missiles. Reagan believed that this defense shield could make 3641:, in hopes that Iran would pressure Hezbollah to release the hostages. Secretary of Defense Weinberger and Secretary of State Shultz both opposed the arrangement, so it was handled by National Security Advisor 2601:

Reagan prioritized tax cuts over spending cuts, arguing that lower revenue would eventually require lower spending. Nonetheless, Reagan was determined to decrease government spending and roll back or dismantle

4108:, which included tougher sanctions. Reagan vetoed the act, but this was overridden by a bipartisan effort in Congress. By 1990, under Reagan's successor George H. W. Bush, the new South African government of 3680:, but decided that it would be an unwise use of political capital against a weakened president; Democrats were also somewhat mollified by Reagan's decision to replace Chief of Staff Regan with Howard Baker. 3047:

blocked passage of Helms' bill. Reagan campaigned vigorously to restore organized prayer to the schools, first as a moment of prayer and later as a moment of silence. His election reflected an opposition to

2346:

With Donald Regan taking over as Chief of Staff in 1985, the Reagan administration made simplification of the tax code the central focus of its second term domestic agenda. Working with Speaker of the House

4991:

17 days of the 97th Congress (January 3, 1981 – January 19, 1981) took place under President Carter, and 17 days of the 101st Congress (January 3, 1989 – January 19, 1989) took place during Reagan's second

4104:. However, these sanctions were seen as weak by anti-apartheid activists, and as insufficient by the president's opponents in Congress, including 81 House Republicans. In August 1986, Congress approved the 2670:

for most individuals, his administration attempted to purge many people from the Social Security disability rolls. Reagan's inability to implement major cuts to Social Security solidified its status as the

2633:

Reagan experienced several legislative successes in his first year in office, but his attempts to cut federal domestic spending after 1981 met increasing congressional resistance. Spending on programs like

4858:. Reagan's leadership and understanding of issues has also been questioned, and even some members of the administration criticized Reagan's passive demeanor during meetings with staff and cabinet members. 3125:. By 1989, approximately 60,000 Americans had died of AIDS, and liberals strongly criticized Reagan's response to the HIV/AIDS crisis. On the 1980 campaign trail, Reagan spoke of the gay rights movement: 15736: 4200:

that caused further worries about his health. No cancerous growths were found, and he was not sedated during the operation. In July of that year, he underwent a third skin cancer operation on his nose.

3935:

arranged a cease-fire in which Israel, Syria, and the PLO, all agreed to evacuate their forces from Lebanon. As Israel delayed a full withdrawal and violence continued in Lebanon, Reagan arranged for a

4806:. In large part due to his handling of relations with the Soviet Union, Reagan left office with an approval rating of sixty-eight percent, matching the approval ratings of Franklin Roosevelt and later 3532:, to minimize Cuban and Soviet influence in the region. The administration provided support to right-wing governments throughout Latin America, disregarding humans rights abuses in countries like 4008:, part of a group known as the "unholy trinity" and was also labeled as "our international public enemy number one" by a CIA official. These tensions were later revived in early April 1986, when 2210:

Reagan used his White House staff to shape major domestic policies. His Chief of Staff made heavy use of the Office of Policy Development in supervising cabinet action on the Reagan initiatives.

1079:. After winning the Republican nomination, Reagan pivoted to the center. Though he continued to champion a major tax cut, Reagan backed off of his support for free trade and the privatization of 11072: 4723: 3730:. Gorbachev was less ideologically rigid than his predecessors, and he believed that the Soviet Union urgently needed economic and political reforms. In 1986, he introduced his twin reforms of 3111:, a personal friend of President Reagan, was receiving treatment for AIDS. As public anxiety over AIDS rose, the Supreme Court upheld a state law that criminalized homosexuality in the case of 897:

during and after his presidency, as well as for his leadership of the executive branch, particularly during the Iran–Contra affair. Due to Reagan's impact on public discourse and advocacy of

7718: 4043:. The attack was designed to halt Gaddafi's "ability to export terrorism," offering him "incentives and reasons to alter his criminal behavior." The president addressed the nation from the 4790:, Bush soundly defeated Dukakis, taking 53.4 percent of the popular vote and 426 electoral votes. The election saw the lowest turnout of eligible voters in any presidential election since 11725: 4368: 6952: 3649:. The Reagan administration sold over 2000 missiles to Iran without informing Congress; Hezbollah released four hostages but captured an additional six Americans. On the initiative of 3923:, Reagan faced domestic and international pressure to oppose the Israeli invasion, but Reagan was reluctant to openly break Israel. Reagan sympathized with Israeli's desire to defeat 3129:

My criticism is that isn't just asking for civil rights; it's asking for recognition and acceptance of an alternative lifestyle which I do not believe society can condone, nor can I.

4039:, allowed the U.S. Air Force to use Britain's air bases to launch the attack, on the justification that the UK was supporting America's right to self-defense under Article 51 of the 2138:. Partly because Congress passed a law creating new federal judicial positions in 1984, Reagan had appointed nearly half of the federal judiciary by the time he left office in 1989. 11268: 1024:, Reagan immediately became the front-runner for the 1980 Republican presidential nomination. A darling of the conservative movement, Reagan faced more moderate Republicans such as 667: 7534: 3065:

for 25 years after a grass-roots lobbying and legislative campaign forced him to abandon his plan to ease that law's restrictions. He also reluctantly accepted the continuation of

4835:. Reagan remains an important symbol of American conservatism, much in the same way that Franklin Roosevelt continued to serve as a symbol of liberalism long after his own death. 3859:. Deaver was given assurances by a German head of protocol that no war criminals were buried there. It was later determined that the cemetery held the graves of 49 members of the 3322:

impossible. Many scientists and national security experts criticized the project as costly and technologically infeasible, and critics dubbed SDI as "Star Wars" in reference to a

3054:, which prohibited state officials from composing an official state prayer and requiring that it be recited in the public schools. In 1981, he proposed a constitutional amendment 2996:. In 1989, Reagan said "I do not believe in taking away the right of the citizen to own guns for sporting, for hunting and so forth, or for home defense; but I do believe that an 2131: 4379:

Reagan's approval ratings fell after his first year in office, but they bounced back when the United States began to emerge from recession in 1983. The leading candidates in the

3028:. Despite the lack of major social policy legislation, Reagan was able to influence social policy through regulations and the appointment of conservative Supreme Court Justices. 3121:

advocated for a public health campaign designed to reduce the spread of AIDS by raising awareness and promoting the use of condoms, Reagan rejected Koop's proposals in favor of

14747: 11460: 3306:" treaties of the 1970s, which set upper limits on the size of nuclear arsenals, the proposed START treaty would require both sides to reduce their existing nuclear arsenals. 3223: 1818: 455: 11230: 15387: 12525: 2188:. Reagan was released from the hospital on April 11, becoming the first serving president to survive being wounded in an assassination attempt, followed by former president 2054:

as protected from government interference via the Constitution. O'Connor served on the Supreme Court until 2006, and was generally considered to be a centrist conservative.

4171:, first in his right ear and later in his left ear as well. His decision to go public in 1983 regarding his wearing the small, audio-amplifying device boosted their sales. 3718:

came to power in 1985. Although the Soviet Union had not accelerated military spending during Reagan's military buildup, their large military expenses, in combination with

12077: 11693: 4396: 6993: 14740: 13602: 12429: 4486: 2034: 2683:

As Reagan was unwilling to match his tax cuts with cuts to defense spending or Social Security, rising deficits became an issue. These deficits were exacerbated by the

2104:, who won Senate confirmation in February 1988. Along with O'Connor, Kennedy served as the key swing vote on the Supreme Court in the decades after Reagan left office. 13543: 10330: 1944:

emerged as an important figure in the administration, as the CIA would figure prominently into Reagan's Cold War initiatives. Reagan downgraded the importance of the

6524: 3927:

forces that had struck Israel from Lebanon, but he pressured Israel to end its invasion as casualties mounted and Israeli forces approached the Lebanese capital of

15373: 15368: 15353: 15348: 15343: 15338: 15333: 11825: 2765: 1561: 2740:

to succeed Volcker, and Greenspan would lead the Federal Reserve until 2006. Greenspan raised interest rates in another attempt to curb inflation, setting off a

2663: 2312: 2192: 1951:

Haig left the cabinet in 1982 after clashing with other members of the Reagan administration, and was replaced by another former Nixon administration official,

11910: 9852:"ELECTIONS; DEMOCRATS GAIN CONTROL OF SENATE, DRAWING VOTES OF REAGAN'S BACKERS; CUOMO AND D'AMATO ARE EASY VICTORS; WHAT AWAITS CONGRESS; BROAD G.O.P. LOSSES" 4093:

in several neighboring countries, in alliance with Savimbi's UNITA. Reagan administration officials saw the apartheid government as a key anti-communist ally.

886: 9723: 2855:, a total of 747 financial institutions failed and needed to be rescued with $ 160 billion in taxpayer dollars. As an indication of this scandal's size, 2646:

all increased after 1982. The number of federal civilian employees rose during Reagan's tenure, from 2.9 million to 3.1 million. Reagan's policy of

1055: 12706: 11099: 10373: 4481: 9851: 16049: 12273: 3589: 2069:

chose to retire. Rehnquist, a member of the conservative wing of the Court, was the third sitting associate justice to be elevated to chief justice, after

1516: 11223: 7441:"The executive order that led to mass spying, as told by NSA alumni: Feds call it "twelve triple three"; whistleblower says it's the heart of the problem" 6020:

All figures, except for debt percentage, are presented in billions of dollars. The receipt, outlay, deficit, GDP, and debt figures are calculated for the

15968: 12728: 11818: 11635: 11589: 11209: 7489: 5671: 2295:

In July 1981, the Senate voted 89–11 in favor of the tax cut bill favored by Reagan, and the House subsequently approved the bill in a 238–195 vote. The

2205: 433: 411: 241: 7619:

G. Thomas Goodnight, "Ronald Reagan's re‐formulation of the rhetoric of war: Analysis of the 'zero option,' 'evil empire,' and 'star wars' addresses."

6685: 3770:, but negotiations continued. Gorbachev and Reagan broke the impasse by agreeing to negotiate separate treaties on intermediate nuclear forces (such as 2973:, the latter of which granted $ 1.7 billion to fight drugs and established a mandatory minimum penalties for drug offenses. Reagan also signed the 11989: 11702: 11333: 7440: 4407:

Reagan, meanwhile, generally declined to offer new legislative proposals for his re-election campaign, instead focusing on events like the U.S.-hosted

3464: 3203: 822: 445: 9402: 4862:, a member of the National Security Council, criticized Reagan as "really lost, out of his depth, uncomfortable" at NSC meetings. Another NSC member, 3394:" Soviet-backed communist governments in Africa, Asia, and Latin America. In Eastern Europe, the CIA provided support to the Polish opposition group, 16044: 11165: 9461: 8001: 5281:

David B. Cohen, "From the fabulous baker boys to the master of disaster: The White House chief of staff in the Reagan and GHW Bush administrations."

2691: 2113: 870:

led to the conviction or resignation of several administration officials. During Reagan's second term, he sought closer relations with Soviet leader

472: 15755: 15748: 13412: 12286: 12026: 11968: 11961: 11179: 9596: 9526: 9486: 7823: 2811: 2328: 2117: 1787: 7732: 15958: 15838: 13618: 13565: 13422: 13131: 12309: 12084: 11802: 9079: 6277: 5425: 3658: 2798:

Reagan sought to loosen federal regulation of economic activities, and he appointed key officials who shared this agenda. According to historian

2266: 477: 13111: 7024: 3103:, were hostile to the gay community, as were many religious leaders who were important allies to the administration. Gay rights and the growing 2727:

rate rose from 11.7 percent to 15 percent. The country emerged from recession in 1983, but not all shared equally in the economic recovery, and

16054: 15707: 13536: 13387: 11372: 8575: 8084: 4073:

During Ronald Reagan's presidency South Africa continued to use a non-democratic system of government based on racial discrimination, known as

3508:, which it saw as a key front in the Cold War. Reagan and his foreign policy team were particularly concerned about the potential influence of 1960: 692: 15263: 13382: 11562: 11555: 11476: 9812: 9693: 9011: 8994: 7538: 6715: 6250: 4145: 4137: 2835: 8858: 7136: 6365: 3528:, an economic program designed to aid countries opposed to Communism. He also authorized covert measures, such as the arming of Nicaragua's 14387: 14367: 14347: 14327: 14307: 14287: 14267: 14247: 14227: 14207: 14187: 14167: 14147: 14127: 14107: 14087: 14067: 14047: 14027: 14007: 13987: 13967: 13947: 13927: 13907: 13887: 13867: 13847: 13827: 13457: 13432: 13397: 13372: 12466: 12424: 12397: 11195: 11188: 4956: 4756: 4702: 4690: 4380: 4350: 1037: 1009: 987: 595: 563: 541: 524: 416: 9037: 8933: 5483: 15795: 15683: 13377: 11832: 10221: 4217: 3294:

in West Germany. The president also strongly denounced the Soviet Union and Communism in moral terms, describing the Soviet Union as an "

1938: 851: 7350:

Playing President: My Close Ecounters with Nixon, Carter, Bush I, Reagan, and Clinton—and How They Did Not Prepare Me for George W. Bush

4096:

Finding the Reagan Administration unresponsive to its calls for more stringent economic sanctions, anti-apartheid activists undertook a

3637:, a Lebanese paramilitary group supported by Iran. The Reagan administration decided to sell American arms to Iran, then engaged in the 3081:

and the Justice Department both prosecuted far fewer civil rights cases per year than they had under Carter. In 1988, Reagan vetoed the

2946:". He promised a "planned, concerted campaign" against all drugs, in hopes of decreasing drug use, particularly among adolescents. The " 2626:, which had provided for the employment of 300,000 workers in 1980, was also repealed, and the administration tightened eligibility for 16009: 15885: 13427: 13417: 13402: 12314: 11767: 11511: 11216: 9749: 7950: 7161: 7063: 4694: 2892: 803: 482: 154: 10925:(2015) on p. 743 says "she wrote one of the most candid and at times self-critical memoirs in recent American political history." 9056: 7175: 3552:

and the U.S. because Cuban construction workers were building an airfield on the island. On October 16, 1983, pro-Communist forces of

2351:, a Democrat who also favored tax reform, Reagan overcame significant opposition from members of Congress in both parties to pass the 2152: 14543: 13529: 13467: 13407: 13392: 12250: 12063: 11998: 11982: 11894: 11092: 4476: 4471: 3476: 2700: 2623: 2619: 1945: 1582: 2760:

Income inequality and union participation have had a distinctly inverse relationship, with the disparity increasing since the 1980s.

2081:

to fill Rehnquist's position as an associate justice of the Supreme Court. Scalia became a member of the Court's conservative wing.

15978: 15810: 15805: 15547: 13500: 13452: 13437: 12687: 12481: 12451: 12444: 12409: 12392: 12319: 12005: 11774: 11400: 11151: 11126: 11117: 4791: 4787: 4698: 4340: 4336: 4148:, which greatly reduced trade barriers between the United States and Canada. This trade pact would serve as the foundation for the 3786: 3677: 3370: 2896: 2822:. Reagan also eliminated numerous government positions and dismissed numerous federal employees, including the entire staff of the 2147: 2134:. The vast majority of his judicial appointees were conservative, and many of the appointees were affiliated with the conservative 1124: 1021: 977: 973: 879: 807: 760: 748: 744: 590: 585: 558: 553: 536: 497: 406: 381: 342: 335: 236: 231: 101: 96: 31: 9374: 2614:. In August 1981, Reagan signed the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1981, which cut federal funding for social programs like 15800: 15009: 14854: 14406: 13654: 13510: 13477: 13472: 13462: 13447: 12870: 12476: 12439: 12151: 11903: 11853: 11846: 11656: 9185: 4371:, winning 59% of the popular vote, receiving 54,455,472 votes to Mondale's 37,577,352 votes. President Reagan won an even larger 3407: 3078: 3066: 2966: 2643: 1368: 1251: 709: 605: 573: 487: 9569: 9541: 15938: 15918: 15693: 15442: 13442: 12692: 12570: 12376: 12371: 11628: 11619: 11172: 8706: 8056: 7463: 4886: 4839: 4799: 4432: 4112:

was introducing widespread reforms, though the Bush administration argued that this was not a result of the tougher sanctions.

3642: 2978: 2823: 2300: 2004: 1411: 1112: 894: 811: 768: 502: 313: 308: 3556:

led a coup against Bishop, who was subsequently arrested and executed. Reagan dispatched approximately 5,000 U.S. soldiers to

15963: 15860: 15673: 12267: 12070: 11809: 11746: 11686: 11571: 11243: 10874: 10845:

The Presidents Vs. the Press: The Endless Battle Between the White House and the Media—from the Founding Fathers to Fake News

10743: 10701: 10680: 10546: 8360: 8118: 7358: 7095: 3298:." Despite this heavy rhetoric, the Reagan administration continued arms control talks with the Soviet Union in the form of " 3074: 2181: 786:, sought to cut non-military spending, and eliminated federal regulations. The administration's economic policies, known as " 617: 17: 10488:

Ronald Reagan: The Presidential Portfolio: A History Illustrated from the Collection of the Ronald Reagan Library and Museum

7896: 2865: 2650:, which sought to shift the responsibility for most social programs to state governments, found little support in Congress. 16004: 13570: 13482: 12497: 12235: 11931: 11642: 11144: 11085: 11067: 9211: 3976: 3771: 3719: 3230: 3191: 2093: 1668: 492: 426: 357: 246: 6516: 3742:

substantial arms agreements. Reagan's personal mission was to achieve a world free of nuclear weapons, which according to

3463:

to Congress to restart military aid. However, the administration successfully provided nonmilitary assistance such as the

16039: 16034: 15562: 14395: 14374: 14354: 14334: 14314: 14294: 14274: 14254: 14234: 14214: 14194: 14174: 14154: 14134: 14114: 14094: 14074: 14054: 14034: 14014: 13994: 13974: 13954: 13934: 13914: 13894: 13874: 13854: 13834: 13810: 13797: 13784: 13771: 13758: 13745: 13732: 13719: 13706: 13693: 13680: 13667: 13641: 13628: 13211: 12471: 12434: 12402: 12205: 11677: 11446: 11133: 8631: 5917: 4776: 4768: 4354: 4149: 4133: 4019: 3971: 3711: 3097: 1442: 1201: 1041: 991: 716: 600: 568: 546: 529: 391: 352: 10848: 1921:, a former Nixon cabinet official who would preside over an increase in defense spending, and Secretary of the Treasury 1075:

The 1980 general campaign between Reagan and Carter was conducted amid a multitude of domestic concerns and the ongoing

15903: 15668: 15253: 15224: 14496: 13231: 12356: 12294: 10716: 10612: 8907: 5685: 4966: 3775: 3255: 3055: 2936: 2884: 2774: 2308: 2062: 2026: 2018: 1294: 815: 795: 685: 514: 364: 303: 9430: 9238: 7111: 5586: 3992:

Relations between Libya and the United States under President Reagan were continually contentious, beginning with the

15845: 15637: 15119: 14472: 14436: 13161: 13081: 12019: 11432: 10998: 10943: 10901: 10806: 10661: 10642: 10591: 10569: 10496: 10472: 10448: 10400: 10356: 10293: 9501: 8411: 7772: 7283: 5993: 5712: 4178:. He relinquished presidential power to the vice president for eight hours in a similar procedure as outlined in the 3924: 3626:

in Nicaraguan harbors, Congress passed a second Boland Amendment that barred granting any assistance to the Contras.

3557: 2803: 2802:, by 1986, the Reagan administration eliminated almost half of the federal regulations that had existed in 1981. The 2732: 2296: 1884: 1625: 919: 898: 783: 764: 386: 9727: 6411: 3481: 3250:

Reagan escalated the Cold War, accelerating a reversal from the policy of détente which had begun in 1979 after the

1048:. Polls taken after the party conventions showed a tied race between Reagan and Carter, while independent candidate 15815: 14830: 14466: 13552: 13151: 12648: 11924: 11873: 11718: 11483: 11468: 11202: 10929: 9132: 6635:

Timothy Curry and Lynn Shibut, The Cost of the Savings and Loan Crisis: Truth and Consequences FDIC, December 2000.

4961: 4324: 4105: 3825:, paving the way for democratization in Eastern Europe. In November 1989, ten months after Reagan left office, the 2877: 2084:

Reagan faced greater difficulties in filling the final Supreme Court vacancy, which arose due to the retirement of

1756: 1473: 1220: 1146: 889:

Reagan in the upper tier of American presidents, and consider him to be one of the most important presidents since

728: 720: 83: 43: 15688: 15602: 15567: 14520: 14478: 14454: 14448: 13301: 13251: 13181: 13121: 13101: 12981: 12951: 12901: 12215: 12116: 11880: 11318: 11311: 11304: 11297: 11290: 11283: 11276: 10250: 7137:"Address Before a Joint Session of the Congress on the State of the Union | The American Presidency Project" 4372: 4097: 4049: 4009: 3562: 3395: 3303: 2955: 2900: 2654: 2304: 2123: 1934: 1711: 1080: 132: 7209: 6903: 4189:

later wrote that in 1986, she and other reporters noticed what might have been early symptoms of Reagan's later

15908: 15642: 15557: 15507: 15214: 14460: 14430: 13609: 13141: 13071: 13021: 12971: 12921: 12879: 11952: 7921: 5390:

Prudence Flowers, "'A Prolife Disaster': The Reagan Administration and the Nomination of Sandra Day O'Connor."

5184: 3937: 3584: 3021: 2915: 2786: 2611: 2336: 1325: 1182: 712: 7485: 6799: 4771:, which nominated Bush for president, also acted as a celebration of Reagan's presidency. Democrats nominated 2044:

was astonished and dismayed with O'Connor, who they feared would not overturn the Supreme Court's decision in

15973: 15647: 15607: 15597: 15592: 15572: 15517: 15492: 14949: 14484: 14418: 13241: 13221: 13191: 13051: 13031: 12655: 12507: 12329: 12245: 12240: 12180: 12047: 12033: 11917: 11887: 11739: 11649: 10760: 6602: 3993: 3945: 3327: 3122: 2985: 2340: 2332: 2248: 2051: 736: 678: 347: 298: 293: 226: 7975: 15743: 15632: 15522: 15487: 15437: 15422: 14551: 14526: 14490: 14424: 13321: 13201: 13171: 13061: 13041: 12961: 12800: 12091: 11945: 11548: 11453: 9292:

Sorensen, Robert H.; Farnsworth, G. Strider; Roberts, Jared E.; Welling, David R.; Rich, Norman M. (2014).

9265: 9160:"The Reagan Presidency | Ronald Reagan Presidential Library – National Archives and Records Administration" 5605: 4795: 4684: 4637: 4601: 4444: 4424: 4346: 4320: 4313: 4293: 4280: 4125: 3426:, two groups that arose out of the Mujahideen and that would oppose the United States in future conflicts. 3315: 3082: 2815: 2724: 2635: 2127: 1983: 1104: 983: 9186:"Joe Biden will become the oldest president in American history, a title previously held by Ronald Reagan" 5457: 4854:

argued that Reagan's high level of defense would eventually lead to the decline of the United States as a

2675:" of U.S. politics, and future administrations would be reluctant to propose cuts to the popular program. 15855: 15770: 15724: 15552: 15447: 15427: 14754: 14502: 14410: 13261: 13001: 12931: 12863: 12200: 12144: 11760: 11612: 11605: 8685: 7827: 4565: 4529: 4493: 4265: 4250: 4235: 4160:

At the time, Reagan was the oldest person to have served as U.S. president, a record that is now held by

3727: 3561:

public support in the United States and Grenada, it was criticized by the United Kingdom, Canada and the

3403: 3267: 2974: 2970: 261: 10777: 9600: 4140:, the first bilateral free trade agreement in U.S. history. In 1988, Reagan and Canadian Prime Minister 3657:

to investigate the transactions. A few weeks later, Reagan asked a panel of federal judges to appoint a

16024: 15775: 15612: 14532: 13341: 13331: 13311: 13281: 13091: 12941: 12210: 12107: 11753: 9597:"Statement by Assistant to the President for Press Relations Fitzwater on the President's Hand Surgery" 6732: 5055:

Paul Boyer, "The Evangelical Resurgence in 1970s American Protestantism" in Schulman and Zelizer, eds.

4885:

In 2017, a C-SPAN survey of scholars ranked Reagan as the ninth greatest president. A 2018 poll of the

4395:. Though Hart won several primaries, Mondale ultimately won the nomination. Down in the polls, Mondale 4205: 3941: 3525: 3259: 3070: 3020:

Reagan was largely unable to enact his ambitious social policy agenda, which included a federal ban on

3012:

The Reagan administration has been criticized both contemporaneously, as seen in this 1988 poster from

1891: 1880: 1849: 866:

rebels in Nicaragua that were fighting to overthrow their nation's socialist government. The resulting

266: 127: 13011: 8744: 7849: 15913: 15617: 15582: 15537: 15527: 15512: 15502: 15467: 15432: 14508: 13271: 12262: 12230: 11938: 11663: 11578: 11490: 7976:"Allan Nairn: After Ríos Montt Verdict, Time for U.S. to Account for Its Role in Guatemalan Genocide" 2782: 2630:. Notably absent from the budget cuts was the Department of Defense, which saw its budget bolstered. 639: 221: 183: 8585: 8092: 7850:"From U.S. Ally to Convicted War Criminal: Inside Chad's Hissène Habré's Close Ties to Reagan Admin" 2842:, the EPA's budget was dramatically reduced and the EPA loosely enforced environmental regulations. 15678: 15652: 15627: 15532: 15477: 15472: 15452: 15417: 15407: 12991: 12911: 12517: 12414: 11781: 11709: 11393: 11363: 11356: 5068:

Stephen D. Johnson and Joseph B. Tamney, "The Christian Right and the 1980 presidential election."

3803:

President Reagan's Trip to USSR, Walking in Red Square with Mikhail Gorbachev, Moscow, May 31, 1988

3782: 3693: 3214: 2819: 2667: 2657:

in 1981, but this plan was poorly-received in Congress. In 1982, Reagan established the bipartisan

2639: 2360: 1742: 1502: 629: 9816: 9701: 9015: 8992: 6712: 6254: 2756: 794:. The combination of tax cuts and an increase in defense spending led to budget deficits, and the 15587: 15542: 15482: 15457: 15412: 15179: 15074: 13351: 12591: 12563: 12555: 11788: 11541: 11425: 11416: 9159: 8868: 5918:"Presidential Politics And Deficit Reduction: The Landscape Of Tax Policy In The 1980S And 1990S" 5801:

Movers & Shakers: Congressional Leaders in the 1980, John B. Shlaes, Eric M. Licht, 1985 P.17

5677: 4871: 4748: 4082: 3829: 3818: 3673: 3435: 3415: 3182:

capabilities had been weakened by presidents Carter and Ford. On December 4, 1981, Reagan signed

3175: 2989: 2852: 9631: 8326: 5985: 5979: 1917:, as his first secretary of state. Other major Cabinet appointees included Secretary of Defense 16014: 15765: 15497: 15462: 15054: 15024: 13822: 12977: 12856: 12836: 12738: 12671: 12512: 12137: 12040: 11598: 11439: 6829: 5560: 5086:

Culture wars: The struggle to control the family, art, education, law, and politics in America

4416: 4190: 4040: 3630: 3598: 3578: 3447: 3443: 3187: 3085:, but his veto was overridden by Congress. Reagan had argued that the legislation infringed on 2720: 2672: 2397: 2364: 2352: 2327:

Faced with concerns about the mounting federal debt, Reagan agreed to raise taxes, signing the

2030: 1979: 1005: 867: 799: 401: 396: 251: 11019:(Wiley-Blackwell, 2015). xiv, 682 pp.; topical essays by scholars emphasizing historiography; 10225: 10151: 8673: 8401: 7348: 5702: 3406:

to Afghanistan and Pakistan, and the CIA was instrumental in training, equipping, and leading

928: 806:, which enacted sweeping changes to U.S. immigration law and granted amnesty to three million 16029: 16019: 15850: 15622: 15577: 14062: 13207: 12639: 12584: 11975: 11670: 11504: 7512: 7273: 6868: 5537: 3411: 3399: 3365: 3251: 3183: 2684: 2627: 2316: 2234: 2070: 890: 791: 654: 147: 11020: 10953: 10346: 9790: 9753: 4838:

Critics contend that Reagan's economic policies resulted in rising budget deficits, a wider

4818: 3754:

wrote that Reagan was "elevating wishful thinking to the status of a political philosophy."

2255:

in the 1920s. Reagan's team was also strongly influenced by contemporary economists such as

1044:. Meanwhile, Carter won the Democratic nomination, defeating a primary challenge by Senator 15880: 15870: 15139: 15134: 15124: 14974: 14969: 14878: 14860: 14848: 14836: 14824: 14818: 14038: 14018: 13842: 13838: 13792: 13227: 11409: 11379: 11260: 10579: 6930: 4920: 4803: 4428: 4408: 3813: 3763: 3747: 3618:. Congress, which favored negotiations between the Contras and Sandinista, passed the 1982 3107:

emerged as an important matter of public concern in 1985 after it was disclosed that actor

3025: 2954:

and may have played a role in numerous murders, emerged as a major area of public concern.

2799: 2695: 2658: 1971: 1956: 1447: 1385: 1330: 1108: 644: 11077: 9431:"Happy Anniversary to the first scheduled presidential press conference – 93 years young!" 3350:, each of which exhibited the rising public anxiety for the possibility of a nuclear war. 8: 16059: 15833: 15044: 14782: 13814: 13801: 13697: 13580: 13157: 13077: 12788: 12721: 12280: 11137: 10111: 6777: 6690: 5650:

Shirley Anne Warshaw, "White House Control of Domestic Policy Making: The Reagan Years."

4948: 4832: 3845: 3743: 3455: 3451: 3275: 3243: 3179: 3035:

led an effort to prevent the Supreme Court from reviewing state and local laws mandating

2861: 2745: 2728: 2260: 2244: 2160:

On March 30, 1981, only 69 days into the new administration, Reagan, his press secretary

2097: 2085: 1730: 1611: 1076: 843: 624: 11386: 10025: 9954: 7764:

Charlie Wilson's War: The Extraordinary Story of the Largest Covert Operation in History

7275:

American Civil Rights Policy from Truman to Clinton: The Role of Presidential Leadership

6024:, which ends on September 30. For example, fiscal year 2020 ended on September 30, 2020. 4167:

Early in his presidency, Reagan started wearing a custom-made, technologically advanced

3759: 3096:

individuals passed during Reagan's tenure. Many in the Reagan administration, including

2711:

Reagan took office in the midst of poor economic conditions, as the country experienced

755:, to win re-election in a larger landslide. Reagan was succeeded by his vice president, 15865: 15730: 15159: 15099: 14989: 14884: 14866: 14842: 14764: 14609: 14591: 13788: 13779: 13701: 13590: 13585: 13575: 13147: 12663: 12615: 12538: 12456: 12419: 12345: 12220: 11252: 10602: 10523: 10378: 10267: 9856: 9624: 9574: 9546: 9520: 9480: 9407: 9379: 9216: 9137: 8937: 8061: 7805: 7214: 7029: 6908: 6754: 6282: 5673:

The Rise and Fall of the Neoliberal Order: America and the World in the Free Market Era

5488: 4648: 4129: 4024: 3901: 3439: 3295: 3235: 3113: 2942:

Not long after being sworn into office, Reagan declared more militant policies in the "

2741: 2615: 2356: 2135: 2100:, but Ginsburg withdrew from consideration in November 1987. Finally, Reagan nominated 1773: 1654: 1478: 1459: 1096: 854:

seeking to overthrow leftist governments, particularly in war-torn Central America and

634: 276: 111: 13632: 9106: 5042:

J. Lull, and S. Hinerman, "The search for scandal' in J. Lull & S. Hinerman, eds.

2666:, which received bipartisan support. While Reagan avoided cuts to Social Security and 2184:, he underwent surgery and recovered quickly from a broken rib, a punctured lung, and 802:, simplifying the tax code by reducing rates and removing several tax breaks, and the 15875: 15209: 15184: 15164: 15114: 15089: 15069: 15059: 15019: 14994: 14896: 14794: 14657: 14645: 14633: 14615: 14579: 14442: 14218: 14198: 14182: 14162: 14082: 13962: 13858: 13749: 13736: 13714: 13710: 13636: 13297: 13247: 13177: 13117: 13097: 13087: 12947: 12897: 12822: 12711: 12697: 12577: 12531: 12461: 11497: 10994: 10976: 10939: 10933: 10897: 10891: 10884: 10870: 10802: 10795: 10768: 10739: 10697: 10691: 10676: 10657: 10638: 10608: 10587: 10565: 10558: 10542: 10536: 10519: 10492: 10486: 10468: 10462: 10444: 10437: 10352: 10289: 9315: 8971: 8407: 8356: 8114: 8106: 7801: 7768: 7762: 7354: 7279: 7183: 7091: 5989: 5708: 5681: 4760: 4732: 4712: 4412: 4400: 4175: 4036: 4031:. Habré was supported by the Reagan administration as an ally against Gaddafi's Libya 3981: 3822: 3809: 3715: 3638: 3566: 3387: 3163: 3147: 3086: 3062: 2904: 2807: 2185: 2177: 2173: 2058: 2014: 1963: 1918: 1835: 1823: 1523: 1299: 1280: 1206: 1025: 961: 938: 871: 756: 10770:

Ronald Reagan and the House Democrats: Gridlock, Partisanship, and the Fiscal Crisis

9920: 8710: 8002:"Ronald Reagan's genocidal secret: A true story of right-wing impunity in Guatemala" 6099: 6071: 6043: 4866:, criticized Reagan's "passive management style placed a tremendous burden on us." 4061: 1095:

with a phrase that helped define the election and endure in the political lexicon: "

15238: 15233: 15144: 15064: 15039: 15029: 14902: 14812: 14675: 14651: 14603: 14567: 13882: 13818: 13805: 13775: 13762: 13684: 13671: 13137: 13127: 13107: 13067: 13017: 12967: 12917: 12338: 12304: 12225: 11732: 10632: 10515: 10259: 9305: 7797: 5185:"Ronald Reagan v. Jimmy Carter: "Are You Better Off Than You Were Four Years Ago?"" 4823: 4666: 4630: 4594: 4558: 4522: 4174:

On July 13, 1985, Reagan underwent surgery to remove a section of his colon due to

3920: 3917: 3781:

With the framework for an agreement in place, Reagan and Gorbachev met at the 1987

3654: 3619: 3594: 3291: 3239: 2165: 1952: 1941: 1761: 1630: 1535: 1049: 901:, some historians have described the period during and after his presidency as the 740: 578: 271: 12848: 7874: 6722:

Collected Speeches, Ronald Reagan Presidential Library. Retrieved August 15, 2007.

3714:

died between 1982 and 1985, leaving the Soviets with an unstable leadership until

3170:

power early during Reagan's first term. Their recommendations were based upon the

2247:

fiscal policy. Reagan's taxation policies resembled those instituted by President

1898:

appearances. Aside from the troika, other important White House staffers included

15317: 15248: 15169: 15109: 15004: 14999: 14984: 14979: 14964: 14806: 14788: 14776: 14770: 14729: 14681: 14627: 14078: 13998: 13982: 13978: 13958: 13878: 13862: 13723: 13675: 13658: 13649: 13645: 13237: 13217: 13187: 13047: 13027: 12600: 12012: 11839: 11342: 10987: 10733: 9462:"Reagan's Twilight – A special report; A President Fades into a World Apart" 9438: 9294:"President Reagan's Life Saving Colectomy and Subsequent Historical Implications" 8998: 8863: 8580: 7723: 7375:

White House Politics and the Environment: Franklin D. Roosevelt to George W. Bush

7085: 6719: 4934: 4772: 4716: 4001: 3997: 3959: 3723: 3646: 3486: 3383: 3359: 3118: 3050: 3044: 2931: 2830:

implemented policies designed to open up federal territories to oil drilling and

2778: 2303:

from 28% to 20%, more than tripled the amount of inherited money exempt from the

2101: 2074: 2041: 1804: 1685: 1642: 1397: 1354: 942: 830: 450: 15288: 8134: 7788:

Pach, Chester (2006). "The Reagan Doctrine: Principle, Pragmatism, and Policy".

4367:

in the 1984 presidential election. President Reagan was reelected in one of the

3504:

The Reagan administration placed a high priority on the Central America and the

3219: 2785:, ended with dismissal of the strikers. With the assent of Reagan's sympathetic 2180:. Although Reagan was initially reported to be "close to death" upon arrival at 948:

Other factors in the rise of the conservative movement were the emergence of a "

779:

programs and priorities that had dominated the national agenda since the 1930s.

15928: 15923: 15760: 15312: 15307: 15302: 15154: 15104: 14932: 14914: 14872: 14669: 14663: 14621: 14278: 14258: 13922: 13918: 13902: 13898: 13740: 13662: 13317: 13197: 13167: 13057: 13037: 13007: 12957: 12764: 12758: 12716: 12632: 12545: 8686:

Reagan Defends Cemetery Visit : Says German Dead Are Also Victims of Nazis

6104: 6076: 6048: 6021: 4744: 4588: 4552: 4516: 4384: 4364: 4179: 4141: 4109: 3698: 3662: 3549: 3431: 3343: 3271: 3040: 2958:

Nancy Reagan made the War on Drugs her main cause as First Lady, founding the "

2947: 2888: 2831: 2737: 2647: 2348: 2078: 2037: 1948:, and six different individuals held that position during Reagan's presidency. 1926: 1910: 1899: 1887: 1718: 1599: 1311: 1225: 826: 752: 10560:

For the Soul of Mankind: the United States, the Soviet Union, and the Cold War

10263: 9310: 9293: 2977:, which further increased criminal penalties for drug use and established the 15998: 15933: 15258: 15199: 15084: 14908: 14639: 14178: 14158: 14118: 14098: 14058: 14042: 14022: 13766: 13753: 13727: 13287: 13257: 12997: 12927: 12160: 11062: 10918: 10735:

Almanac of American Military History [4 volumes]: [4 volumes]

7187: 6645:

The Greatest-Ever Bank Robbery: The Collapse of the Savings and Loan Industry

5421: 5031:

Reagan's victory: the presidential election of 1980 and the rise of the right

4879: 4859: 4780: 4392: 4121: 3868: 3610: 3553: 3524:. To counter the influence of Cuba and the Soviet Union, Reagan launched the 3505: 3332: 3279: 3093: 3036: 2951: 2827: 2769: 2662:

taxes, and reducing some payments. These recommendations were enacted in the

2603: 2256: 2252: 2239: 2066: 1914: 1697: 1568: 1416: 1373: 1237: 1187: 776: 705: 198: 11049: 10712: 9502:"The Doctors World; A Recollection of Early Questions About Reagan's Health" 7537:. The Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars. 2002. Archived from 3988:

in 1986) granted the U.S. use of British airbases to launch the Libya attack

3386:, the Reagan administration provided overt and covert aid to anti-communist 3000:, a machine gun, is not a sporting weapon or needed for defense of a home." 1111:

for the first time since the 1950s, while Democrats retained control of the

952:" as a triangular battle among conservatives, traditional liberals, and the 15278: 15273: 15194: 15174: 15129: 15079: 15049: 15014: 14938: 14920: 14705: 14693: 14585: 14573: 14561: 14378: 14358: 14338: 13688: 13337: 13327: 13307: 13277: 12937: 12815: 12752: 10910: 10107: 9319: 8934:"Enabling a Dictator: The United States and Chad's Hissène Habré 1982–1990" 8702: 5667: 4906: 4863: 4851: 4843: 4807: 4783:

and his dispassionate response to a question regarding the death penalty.

4736: 4728: 4540: 4504: 4186: 4101: 4078: 4066: 4005: 3932: 3872: 3833: 3650: 3629:

During his second term, Reagan sought to find a way procure the release of

3167: 3100: 2993: 2943: 2920: 2856: 2839: 2716: 2653:

In 1981, OMB Director David Stockman won Reagan's approval to seek cuts to

2283: 2189: 2169: 1987: 1975: 1922: 1903: 1428: 1256: 1088: 1084: 1064: 1060: 1029: 1017: 875: 838: 732: 10439:

Presidential Courage: Brave Leaders and How They Changed America 1789–1989

7388:

First Along the River : a Brief History of the U.S. Environmental Movement

5606:"Reagan's Ratings: 'Great Communicator's' Appeal Is Greater in Retrospect" 2965:

Concerns about drug use prompted Congress to pass legislation such as the

858:. Specifically, the Reagan administration engaged in covert arms sales to 15297: 15292: 15283: 15268: 15243: 15229: 15094: 14890: 14800: 14699: 14597: 14318: 14302: 14298: 14282: 14262: 14138: 14122: 14102: 14002: 13267: 12794: 12782: 12770: 12607: 11864: 7087:

The Law of Church and State: Developments in the Supreme Court Since 1980

4855: 4612: 4582: 4546: 4510: 4168: 4120:

During his 1980 presidential campaign, Reagan proposed the creation of a

4044: 4028: 3888: 3856: 3826: 3767: 3751: 3731: 3606: 3521: 3494: 3459: 3347: 3319: 3151: 3108: 3032: 2959: 2924: 2712: 2271: 2219: 2161: 2089: 2046: 1894: 1876: 1854: 1673: 1342: 1268: 1068: 1045: 1013: 949: 855: 847: 787: 438: 116: 10867:

International Trade under President Reagan: US Trade Policy in the 1980s

10527: 10271: 7809: 4928: 3883: 945:

as a cohesive political force that gave strong support to conservatism.

15219: 15189: 15149: 15034: 14723: 14717: 14687: 14362: 14342: 14222: 14202: 13942: 13938: 12987: 12907: 12776: 12746: 12623: 12299: 10855:

The Peacemaker: Ronald Reagan, the Cold War, and the World on the Brink

10482: 10458: 10116: 8952: 7945: 7943: 5269: 5073: 4875: 4740: 4707: 4660: 4624: 4359: 3985: 3950: 3703: 3669: 3623: 3375: 3263: 2903:. Upon signing the act at a ceremony held beside the newly refurbished 2895:

in November 1986. The act made it illegal to knowingly hire or recruit

2288: 2230: 1792: 1587: 1547: 1490: 996: 923: 902: 724: 374: 6033:

Represents the national debt held by the public as a percentage of GDP

5044:

Media scandals: Morality and desire in the popular culture marketplace

2096:

in October 1987. Later that month, Reagan announced the nomination of

1974:

as attorney general in 1985. Regan frequently clashed with First Lady

846:, the first major overseas action by U.S. troops since the end of the 14926: 14322: 14242: 13347: 11795: 11532: 11525: 9599:. Ronald Reagan Presidential Library. January 7, 1989. Archived from 9270: 7535:"Towards an International History of the War in Afghanistan, 1979–89" 4388: 4161: 4090: 4074: 4013: 3954: 3860: 3634: 3533: 3517: 3323: 3008: 2279: 2029:

during his eight years in office. In 1981, he successfully nominated

11726:

Federal Employees Liability Reform and Tort Compensation Act of 1988

11054: 10374:"How Does Trump Stack Up Against the Best — and Worst — Presidents?" 7940: 6713:

Statement on Signing the Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986.

4900: 4065:

President Reagan meeting with South African anti-apartheid activist

2806:

aggressively deregulated the broadcasting industry, eliminating the

2748:", but the markets stabilized and recovered in the following weeks. 2009: 15983: 15204: 14711: 14382: 14238: 14142: 13521: 11518: 11349: 10978:

Foreign policy in the Reagan presidency: nine intimate perspectives

10858: 6584: 6582: 4810:

as the highest rating for a departing president in the modern era.

4764: 4654: 4618: 4576: 4319:

electoral gains, the election represented the first time since the

4197: 4164:. Reagan's health became a concern at times during his presidency. 3735: 3490: 3423: 3391: 3338: 3104: 2607: 1930: 1033: 957: 953: 834: 772: 9333: 7464:"A Primer on Executive Order 12333: The Mass Surveillance Starlet" 7414:

Environmental Politics : Stakeholders, Interests, and Policymaking

6686:"Congress tried to fix immigration back in 1986. Why did it fail?" 5655: 3166:

concerns, the president's national security team pressed for more

1134: 798:

increased significantly during Reagan's tenure. Reagan signed the

10789:(University Press of Kentucky, 2017), 319 pp. essays by scholars 10787:

Reagan and the World: Leadership and National Security, 1981–1989

9674: 9650: 9403:"Balancing the Budget and Politics; More Cancer on Reagan's Nose" 5967:. Lawrence, Kansas: University of Kansas Press. pp. 172–173. 4086: 3905: 3852: 3615: 3545: 3529: 3513: 3498: 3419: 3299: 3171: 863: 165: 12129: 11044: 10604:

Restless Giant: The United States from Watergate to Bush v. Gore

9903: 9901: 9638: 9291: 8111:

The Age of Reagan: The Conservative Counterrevolution: 1980–1989

6579: 5965:

The Reagan Presidency: Pragmatic Conservatism & Its Legacies

4327:

successfully defended a majority in either chamber of Congress.

3891:

with Reagan in a joint press conference at the White House, 1981

3661:

who would conduct a separate investigation, and the panel chose

2768:(PATCO), which consisted of federal employees, voted to go on a 10088: 9401:

Herron, Caroline Rand & Michael Wright (October 13, 1987).

8182: 8180: 6321: 6207: 6183: 6132: 5887: 5885: 5721: 5632: 5620: 5484:"With Kennedy's Retirement, the Supreme Court Loses Its Center" 3928: 3916:

undertook military action within Lebanon in 1982. After Israel

3909: 3839: 3605:

In 1979, a group of left-wing rebels in Nicaragua known as the

3013: 10779:

The Reagan Presidency: Pragmatic Conservatism and Its Legacies

9568:

Herron, Caroline Rand & Martha A. Miles (August 2, 1987).

8325:

Lebow, Richard Ned & Stein, Janice Gross (February 1994).

8024: 7744: 7742: 6792: 5897: 2950:," which saw a large number of individuals become addicted to 2156:

Reagan (center) waves just before he is shot on March 30, 1981

719:

on January 20, 1981, and ended on January 20, 1989. Reagan, a

12054: 10372:

Rottinghaus, Brandon; Vaughn, Justin S. (February 19, 2018).

10178: 9898: 8838: 8444: 8355:(in Russian). Brookings Institution Press. pp. 190–205. 8289: 8204: 8192: 8165: 8141: 8036: 7328: 3913: 3283: 3016:, and retrospectively for its response to the AIDS epidemic. 2997: 2690:

In an effort to lower the national debt, Congress passed the

12078:

Surface Transportation and Uniform Relocation Assistance Act

11694:

Emergency Food Assistance and Soup Kitchen-Food Bank Program

10584:

The American President: From Teddy Roosevelt to Bill Clinton

10538:

From Colony to Superpower; U.S. Foreign Relations Since 1776

10286:

Ronald Reagan and the 1980s: Perceptions, Policies, Legacies

9831: 9662: 8507: 8485: 8483: 8456: 8420: 8381: 8264: 8240: 8177: 8153: 7698: 7316: 7304: 7241: 7025:"THE NATION; Reagan's Social Issues: Gone but Not Forgotten" 6844: 6823: 6821: 6650: 6498: 6496: 6469: 6459: 6457: 6345: 5981:

The Tax Decade: How Taxes Came to Dominate the Public Agenda

5882: 5809: 5807: 5745: 5264:

John H. Kessel, "The structures of the Reagan White House."

5210: 763:. Reagan's 1980 landslide election resulted from a dramatic 11107: 10506:

Heclo, Hugh (2008). "The Mixed Legacies of Ronald Reagan".

9982: 9921:"National General Election VEP Turnout Rates, 1789–Present" 8612: 8555: 8432: 8252: 7739: 7686: 7650: 7626: 7466:. San Francisco, California: Electronic Frontier Foundation 7292: 7162:

Reagan Sees An "Uphill Battle" For Prayer In Public Schools

7079: 7077: 6998: 5824: 5822: 5503: 5336: 3668:

The Tower Commission, chaired by former Republican Senator

3509: 3287: 2299:

cut the top marginal tax rate from 70% to 50%, lowered the

859: 9886: 9334:"What is the 25th Amendment and When Has It Been Invoked?" 8814: 8802: 8790: 8778: 8766: 8531: 8495: 8468: 8369: 8308: 8306: 8304: 8228: 8216: 8135:"United Nations General Assembly resolution 38/7, page 19" 8012: 7674: 7662: 7601: 7553: 7390:. 4th ed. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. 7253: 7044: 6662: 6555: 6543: 6297: 5846: 5520: 5518: 5397: 5360: 5300: 5128: 4196:

In January 1987, Reagan underwent surgery for an enlarged

2270:

Outlining his plan for tax reduction legislation from the

850:. The administration also created controversy by granting 11050:

in-depth coverage by Miller Center at University Virginia

10624:

Exit with Honor: The Life and Presidency of Ronald Reagan

10311: 10299: 10202: 10166: 10131: 9994: 9935: 8543: 8480: 7638: 7577: 7565: 7229: 6818: 6617: 6567: 6493: 6454: 6442: 6392: 6380: 6333: 6309: 6231: 6219: 6171: 6161: 6159: 6144: 6120: 5944: 5932: 5858: 5834: 5804: 5783: 5733: 5372: 5348: 5324: 5312: 5288: 5234: 5222: 5198: 5164: 5152: 5140: 5018:

Rightward Bound: Making America Conservative in the 1970s

4211: 4204:

On January 7, 1989, Reagan underwent surgery to repair a

11826:

Voting Accessibility for the Elderly and Handicapped Act

11057:

study guide, timeline, quotes, trivia, teacher resources

11027:"Reagan Among the Professors: His Surprising Reputation" 10076: 9768: 9375:"'Irritated Skin' is Removed from Side of Reagan's Nose" 8519: 7074: 6883: 6278:"U.S. to Reconsider Denial of Benefits to Many Disabled" 6195: 6002: 5819: 5538:"Remembering the Assassination Attempt on Ronald Reagan" 4391:

of Colorado, and African-American civil rights activist

4369:

largest landslide election victories in American history

4000:

was considered by the CIA to be, along with USSR leader

3944:, to serve as peacekeepers in Lebanon. In October 1983, 3821:. In December 1988, Gorbachev effectively renounced the 3234:

As the first U.S. president invited to speak before the

767:

in American politics, including a loss of confidence in

10797:

Ronald Reagan: Fate, Freedom, and the Making of History

10190: 9815:. Ronald Reagan Presidential Foundation. Archived from 9057:"House overrides Reagan apartheid veto, Sept. 29, 1986" 8883: 8826: 8301: 7589: 6481: 5515: 5426:"Rehnquist left Supreme Court with conservative legacy" 5246: 5091: 4775:, the liberal Governor of Massachusetts. Following the 4678: 4375:

victory, winning 525 electoral votes to 13 for Mondale.

3855:

and to place a wreath alongside West German Chancellor

3031:

With Reagan's support, conservative Republican Senator

2213: 2122:

Reagan appointed a combined total of 368 judges to the

1913:, a former general who had served as chief of staff to 11911:

Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1985

10006: 8754: 8725: 8600: 8403:

Ronald Reagan And His Quest to Abolish Nuclear Weapons

7176:"High Court Accepts Appeal of 'Moment of Silence' Law" 6156: 5984:. Washington D.C.: The Urban Institute Press. p. 5870: 5757: 5458:"U.S. Senate: Supreme Court Nominations: 1789–Present" 1986:. Regan was replaced by former Senate Majority Leader 10840:(Palgrave Macmillan, 1990) essays by scholars; 252pp. 10710: 10284:

Heale, M.J. in Cheryl Hudson and Gareth Davies, eds.

9567: 8958: 8745:

Reagan Joins Kohl in Brief Memorial at Bitburg Graves

8707:"Pat Buchanan's Response to Norman Podhoretz's OP-ED" 5482:

Parlapiano, Alicia; Patel, Jugal K. (June 27, 2018).

5116: 3832:. The Cold War was unofficially declared over at the 12274:

Ronald Reagan Speaks Out Against Socialized Medicine

11796:

Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act of 1986

10048:"The Decline of Confidence in American Institutions" 9542:"President is Well after Operation to Ease Prostate" 9400: 7716: 7488:. U.S. Department of State Office of the Historian. 6775: 6366:"What Happened Last Time We Had a Budget Sequester?" 4896: 4124:

in North America. Once in office, Reagan signed the

3470: 2376:

Federal finances and GDP during Reagan's presidency

2224: 1978:, and he left the administration in the wake of the 932:

Ronald Reagan with a cowboy hat at Rancho Del Cielo.

12878: 11819:

Uniformed and Overseas Citizens Absentee Voting Act

10955:

Turmoil and Triumph: My Years as Secretary of State

10831:

On Bended Knee: The Press and the Reagan Presidency

9882:. University of Pittsburgh Press. pp. 126–135. 8399: 6957:

Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives

6536: 6534: 5558: 4878:argues that Reagan himself failed to roll back the 3609:overthrew the president of Nicaragua and installed 3143:scientists were far from a consensus on the topic. 3003: 2206:

Domestic policy of the Ronald Reagan administration

727:, took office following his landslide victory over 11990:Medicaid Home and Community-Based Services Waivers 11703:Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act 11060: 10986: 10794: 10557: 10436: 9623: 8057:"Military of U.S. 'Standing Tall,' Reagan Asserts" 6923: 3465:United States Agency for International Development 3204:Foreign policy of the Ronald Reagan administration 782:Domestically, the Reagan administration enacted a 27:U.S. presidential administration from 1981 to 1989 10371: 6979:Gun Violence in America: The Struggle for Control 6863: 6861: 6859: 6830:"The Decline of Substance Use in Young Adulthood" 3150:in an effort to reduce emissions that damage the 2766:Professional Air Traffic Controllers Organization 2114:List of federal judges appointed by Ronald Reagan 1879:, who had run Bush's 1980 campaign, as his first 913: 15996: 12027:Tax Equity and Fiscal Responsibility Act of 1982 11969:Interest and Dividend Tax Compliance Act of 1983 10776:Brownlee, W. Elliot and Hugh Davis Graham, eds. 10331:"S-SPAN 2017 Survey of Presidential Leadership" 8353:Collapse of an Empire: Lessons for Modern Russia 6531: 6508: 6253:. Reagan Presidential Foundation. Archived from 3226:to 26 different countries during his presidency. 3089:and the rights of churches and business owners. 2910: 2329:Tax Equity and Fiscal Responsibility Act of 1982 2118:Ronald Reagan judicial appointment controversies 2025:Reagan made four successful appointments to the 1063:and President-elect Ronald Reagan with his wife 12085:Technical and Miscellaneous Revenue Act of 1988 11803:Temporary Emergency Food Assistance Act of 1983 10833:. New York, New York: Farrar Straus and Giroux. 10481: 10344: 10094: 9212:"Reagan Begins to Wear a Hearing Aid in Public" 9080:"Analysts differ on sanctions tie to apartheid" 9038:"The Deseret News – Google News Archive Search" 8127: 7510: 7377:. College Station: Texas A & M Univ. Press. 6435: 6433: 5481: 4727:Outgoing President Ronald Reagan with his wife 3309: 751:, he defeated former Democratic vice president 9785: 9783: 7018: 7016: 6856: 6827: 6755:"NIDA InfoFacts: High School and Youth Trends" 5962: 5776: 5774: 5772: 5700: 5530: 5016:Bruce J. Schulman and Julian E. Zelizer, eds. 4874:, and contributed to victory in the Cold War. 3146:In 1987, the Reagan administration signed the 2736:1987, Reagan appointed conservative economist 2172:were struck by gunfire from would-be assassin 885:Historians and political scientists generally 13537: 12864: 12145: 11477:Caribbean Basin Economic Recovery Act of 1983 11093: 10785:Coleman, Bradley Lynn and Kyle Longley, eds. 10715:(Report). Homeland Security Digital Library. 9843: 9460:Altman, Lawrence K., M.D. (October 5, 1997). 8701: 7897:"What Guilt Does the U.S. Bear in Guatemala?" 7787: 7513:"Ronald Reagan Address to British Parliament" 6981:. Northeastern University Press. p. 238. 6769: 6747: 6725: 5963:Brownlee, Elliot; Graham, Hugh Davis (2003). 4152:among the United States, Canada, and Mexico. 3208: 2984:On May 19, 1986, President Reagan signed the 2659:National Commission on Social Security Reform 686: 11962:Garn–St. Germain Depository Institutions Act 10935:President Reagan: The Triumph of Imagination 10893:Reagan and Gorbachev: How the Cold War Ended 10578: 10046:Lipset, Seymour Martin; Schneider, William. 9644: 9525:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 9485:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 9245:. United Press International. March 21, 1985 9100: 9098: 6705: 6679: 6677: 6588: 6430: 6412:"Commanding Heights, Paul Volcker Interview" 6327: 6275: 6213: 6189: 6138: 6108:. Office of Management and Budget. Table 7.1 6080:. Office of Management and Budget. Table 1.2 6052:. Office of Management and Budget. Table 1.1 5727: 5638: 5626: 5603: 5070:Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion 4987: 4985: 4983: 4703:Presidential transition of George H. W. Bush 4691:George H. W. Bush 1988 presidential campaign 4351:1984 Republican Party presidential primaries 4330: 4010:a bomb exploded in a West Berlin discothèque 3840:Honoring German war dead at Bitburg, Germany 3382:Under a policy that came to be known as the 3061:In 1982, Reagan signed a bill extending the 2992:, prohibiting the transfer or possession of 2812:Garn–St. Germain Depository Institutions Act 988:1980 Republican Party presidential primaries 63:January 20, 1981 – January 20, 1989 16050:1989 disestablishments in the United States 15796:National Republican Congressional Committee 10993:. New York: Random House Value Publishing. 10836:Hill, Dilys M. and Raymond A. Moore, eds. 10817:The Eighties: America in the Age of Reagan. 10045: 9780: 9630:. University of Pittsburgh Press. pp. 9570:"The Nation; Cancer Found on Reagan's Nose" 9500:Altman, Lawrence K., M.D. (June 15, 2004). 7951:"Did Reagan Finance Genocide in Guatemala?" 7754: 7013: 6832:. The Regents of the University of Michigan 5769: 4081:. Reagan administration policy called for " 2057:In 1986, Reagan elevated Associate Justice 15886:High School Republican National Federation 13544: 13530: 13506: 12871: 12857: 12315:Ronald and Nancy Reagan Research Institute 12152: 12138: 11789:Safe Drinking Water Act Amendments of 1986 11768:National Appliance Energy Conservation Act 11512:Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986 11100: 11086: 10711:Joint Chiefs of Staff (January 17, 2017). 9239:"Reagan Begins Using A Second Hearing Aid" 9124: 8324: 6994:"The Record: President Reagan on Gun Bans" 6895: 6594: 4695:Michael Dukakis 1988 presidential campaign 4438: 4307: 3398:, ensuring that it stayed afloat during a 3282:. In response to Soviet deployment of the 2845: 2259:, who rejected the then-dominant views of 2021:in 1986; he served until his death in 2005 804:Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986 693: 679: 42: 12064:Secondary Mortgage Market Enhancement Act 11999:Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1987 11983:Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1981 11895:Federal Agricultural Mortgage Corporation 11563:Israel–United States Free Trade Agreement 11556:Canada–United States Free Trade Agreement 10621: 10600: 10434: 10401:"Scholars rate worst presidential errors" 10208: 10184: 10172: 10137: 10026:"Ronald Reagan restored faith in America" 10000: 9941: 9907: 9724:"Reaction to first Mondale/Reagan debate" 9309: 9095: 8844: 8549: 8489: 8450: 8295: 8210: 8198: 8171: 8147: 8076: 8042: 7999: 7644: 7583: 7571: 7373:Daynes, B. W., & Sussman, G. (2010). 7334: 7235: 7064:"Reagan Urges School 'Moment of Silence'" 7023:Roberts, Steven V. (September 11, 1988). 6674: 6623: 6573: 6514: 6475: 6351: 6201: 6008: 5891: 5828: 5751: 5452: 5450: 5448: 5446: 5216: 4980: 4759:, but privately supported Vice President 4146:Canada–United States Free Trade Agreement 4138:Israel–United States Free Trade Agreement 2701:Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1990 2692:Gramm–Rudman–Hollings Balanced Budget Act 2624:Comprehensive Employment and Training Act 2196:momentum in passing his domestic agenda. 814:than any other president, including four 16045:1981 establishments in the United States 15979:Timeline of modern American conservatism 15811:Republican Attorneys General Association 15806:National Republican Senatorial Committee 12006:Railroad Retirement Solvency Act of 1983 11775:National Fishing Enhancement Act of 1984 11071:) is being considered for deletion. See 10732:Tucker, Spencer C. (November 21, 2012). 10670: 10651: 10464:President Reagan: The Role of a Lifetime 10082: 9837: 9774: 9680: 9668: 9656: 9210:Weisman, Steven R. (September 8, 1983). 9010:Smith, William E. (September 16, 1985). 8902: 8900: 8898: 8525: 8513: 8462: 8426: 8406:. Random House Publishing. p. 133. 8387: 8270: 8246: 8186: 8159: 8082: 8055:Clines, Francis X. (December 13, 1983). 8030: 7704: 7595: 7559: 7427:White House Politics and the Environment 7401:White House Politics and the Environment 7322: 7310: 7259: 7247: 7083: 7050: 6889: 6850: 6780:. The University of Dayton School of Law 6656: 6600: 6561: 6549: 6487: 6448: 6398: 6315: 6165: 6150: 5977: 5909: 5903: 5876: 5864: 5813: 5789: 5763: 5704:Ronald Reagan and Conservative Reformism 5524: 5509: 5420: 5342: 5330: 5252: 5240: 5204: 5170: 5158: 5146: 4957:History of the United States (1980–1991) 4817: 4813: 4755:Reagan remained publicly neutral in the 4722: 4706: 4699:1988 United States presidential election 4358: 4341:1984 United States presidential election 4337:Ronald Reagan 1984 presidential campaign 4060: 4018: 3975: 3882: 3791: 3787:Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty 3697: 3588: 3480: 3369: 3229: 3218: 3007: 2930: 2914: 2755: 2265: 2151: 2148:Attempted assassination of Ronald Reagan 2141: 2008: 1993: 1152:President Reagan and his cabinet in 1989 1140:President Reagan and his cabinet in 1981 1125:Presidential transition of Ronald Reagan 1054: 995: 978:1980 United States presidential election 974:Ronald Reagan 1980 presidential campaign 927: 407:Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty 32:Timeline of the Ronald Reagan presidency 15801:National Republican Redistricting Trust 11904:Cable Communications Policy Act of 1984 11854:Water Resources Development Act of 1988 11847:Water Resources Development Act of 1986 11657:Comprehensive Crime Control Act of 1984 11242: 10889: 10792: 10693:The Age of Reagan: A History, 1974-2008 10689: 10555: 10534: 10196: 9988: 9540:Altman, Lawrence K. (January 6, 1987). 9209: 9130: 9012:"South Africa Reagan's Abrupt Reversal" 8856: 8832: 8660:(Texas A&M University Press, 2007). 8618: 8573: 8561: 8438: 8344: 8312: 8105: 7748: 7719:"The Reagan Doctrine: The Guns of July" 7692: 7656: 7632: 7438: 7298: 7174:Taylor, Stuart Jr. (January 28, 1987). 7022: 6976: 6901: 6776:Randall, Vernellia R (April 18, 2006). 6757:. National Institute on Drug Abuse, NIH 6357: 6303: 5915: 5852: 5666: 5416: 5414: 5412: 5403: 5366: 5306: 5134: 5122: 5097: 3984:(here walking with President Reagan at 3133: 3079:Equal Employment Opportunity Commission 2967:Comprehensive Crime Control Act of 1984 2644:Aid to Families with Dependent Children 14: 15997: 15919:Republican National Coalition for Life 11629:Asbestos Hazard Emergency Response Act 11620:Office of National Drug Control Policy 10928: 10731: 10654:The Reagan Era: A History of the 1980s 10630: 10457: 10425: 10106: 10012: 9892: 9849: 9726:. PBS. October 8, 1984. Archived from 9539: 9499: 9459: 9263: 8908:"1986:US Launches air-strike on Libya" 8889: 8850: 8820: 8808: 8796: 8784: 8772: 8760: 8731: 8709:. The Internet Brigade. Archived from 8669: 8606: 8537: 8501: 8474: 8375: 8350: 8258: 8234: 8222: 8054: 8018: 7680: 7668: 7607: 7461: 7346: 7207: 7173: 6683: 6668: 6502: 6463: 6386: 6339: 6237: 6225: 6177: 6126: 5950: 5938: 5840: 5739: 5443: 5378: 5354: 5318: 5294: 5228: 4887:American Political Science Association 4822:Graph of Reagan's approval ratings in 4757:1988 Republican presidential primaries 4431:and Democrats retained control of the 4427:, Republicans retained control of the 4381:1984 Democratic presidential primaries 4212:Elections during the Reagan presidency 3687: 3539: 3410:forces against the Soviet Army in the 2979:Office of National Drug Control Policy 2824:Employment and Training Administration 2370: 2005:Ronald Reagan Supreme Court candidates 1038:1980 Republican presidential primaries 1016:. With the defeat of Ford by Democrat 1010:1976 Republican presidential primaries 16055:Cold War history of the United States 15861:Republican National Hispanic Assembly 13525: 12852: 12133: 12071:Surface Transportation Assistance Act 11810:The Emergency Food Assistance Program 11687:Emergency Food Assistance Act of 1983 11572:Omnibus Trade and Competitiveness Act 11081: 10984: 10881:Encyclopedia of the Reagan-Bush years 10773:(University of Missouri Press, 2009). 10505: 10317: 10305: 10246: 9877: 9805: 9621: 9428: 9183: 9054: 9009: 8895: 7760: 7271: 6363: 5916:Shapiro, Bernard M. (March 1, 1993). 5266:American Journal of Political Science 4848:The Rise and Fall of the Great Powers 4731:, Vice President and President-elect 4208:of the ring finger of his left hand. 3772:intermediate-range ballistic missiles 3572: 3477:Latin America–United States relations 3314:In March 1983, Reagan introduced the 2182:George Washington University Hospital 2092:in July 1987, but the nomination was 1955:. By 1982, National Security Advisor 1008:from 1967 to 1975, narrowly lost the 874:, and the two leaders signed a major 13551: 11932:Extra-Long Staple Cotton Act of 1983 11643:Civil Rights Restoration Act of 1987 10915:My Turn: The Memoirs of Nancy Reagan 9791:"1984 Presidential Election Results" 9372: 9055:Glass, Andrew (September 27, 2017). 7816: 7717:Stephen S. Rosenfeld (Spring 1986). 7492:from the original on August 15, 2023 7486:"Travels of President Ronald Reagan" 7210:"Voting Rights Act Signed by Reagan" 7167: 6904:"REAGAN SIGNS BILL TO CURB DRUG USE" 6902:Johnson, Julie (November 19, 1988). 6869:"Thirty Years of America's Drug War" 5587:"Donald Trump assassination attempt" 5584: 5409: 4973: 4798:, Democrats retained control of the 4679:1988 elections and transition period 3544:Tensions rose between the left-wing 3324:popular film series of the same name 3157: 1925:, a bank executive. Reagan selected 12173:40th President of the United States 11678:United States Sentencing Commission 11158: 10824:The presidents: A Reference History 9133:"U.S. Signs Trade Pact With Israel" 8859:"Libya: Fury in the Isolation Ward" 8857:Talbott, Strobe (August 23, 1982). 8658:Reagan at Bergen-Belsen and Bitburg 8137:. United Nations. November 2, 1983. 8000:Culpepper, Miles (March 24, 2015). 6991: 6933:. stopthedrugwar.org. June 11, 2004 6711:Reagan, Ronald. (November 6, 1986) 5182: 4777:1988 Democratic National Convention 4769:1988 Republican National Convention 4363:President Reagan defeated Democrat 4355:1984 Republican National Convention 4150:North American Free Trade Agreement 3972:1986 United States bombing of Libya 3812:. When Reagan visited Moscow for a 3776:intercontinental ballistic missiles 3374:Meeting with leaders of the Afghan 3192:government's intelligence community 2199: 1052:had the support of many moderates. 1042:1980 Republican National Convention 1000:1980 Electoral College vote results 992:1980 Republican National Convention 829:. Its plan of action, known as the 325:40th President of the United States 72: 24: 15904:Republican Main Street Partnership 10972:(2018), 880pp; detailed biography. 10963:The End of the Cold War: 1985–1991 10938:. New York: Simon & Schuster. 10859:two scholarly book reviews online 10754: 10719:from the original on March 8, 2022 10403:. USA Today. AP. February 18, 2006 10149: 9373:Boyd, Gerald M. (August 2, 1985). 9131:Tolchin, Martin (April 23, 1985). 9107:"History of NAFTA and Its Purpose" 9104: 8632:"1989: Malta summit ends Cold War" 8574:Talbott, Strobe (August 5, 1991). 8284:American History: A Survey Vol. II 8083:Magnuson, Ed (November 21, 1983). 7439:Farivar, Cyrus (August 27, 2014). 6527:from the original on July 8, 2023. 4967:Ronald Reagan Presidential Library 4719:in the 1988 presidential election. 3353: 3224:Reagan made 24 international trips 3197: 3069:programs and the establishment of 2893:Immigration Reform and Control Act 2891:, which he signed into law as the 2775:Arizona copper mine strike of 1983 2664:Social Security Amendments of 1983 2063:Chief Justice of the United States 1788:United States Trade Representative 1107:, Republicans took control of the 25: 16071: 16010:Presidencies of the United States 15846:Congressional Hispanic Conference 12159: 12020:Economic Recovery Tax Act of 1981 11075:to help reach a consensus. › 11038: 11009: 10847:(Dutton, 2020) pp. 304–325. 9923:. United States Elections Project 9700:. October 4, 2004. Archived from 6684:Plumer, Brad (January 30, 2013). 6515:Leonhardt, David (July 7, 2023). 5111:Politics and Society in the South 4185:Former White House correspondent 4155: 3758:negotiations at the October 1986 3485:Reagan meets with Prime Minister 3471:Central America and the Caribbean 3238:(June 8, 1982), Reagan predicted 2935:Graph demonstrating increases in 2810:and other restrictions. The 1982 2804:Federal Communications Commission 2322: 2297:Economic Recovery Tax Act of 1981 2274:in a televised address, July 1981 2225:Economic Recovery Tax Act of 1981 1118: 920:Conservatism in the United States 15816:Republican Governors Association 14355:2020 (Charlotte/other locations) 13505: 13496: 13495: 12832: 12831: 12649:Call of Duty: Black Ops Cold War 12415:"Let's make America great again" 11925:Expedited Funds Availability Act 11874:Agriculture and Food Act of 1981 11719:Emergency Wetlands Resources Act 11484:Comprehensive Anti-Apartheid Act 11469:We begin bombing in five minutes 10637:. New York: Simon and Schuster. 10520:10.1111/j.1741-5705.2008.02664.x 10393: 10365: 10338: 10323: 10278: 10240: 10214: 10143: 10100: 10039: 10018: 9969: 9947: 9913: 9871: 9742: 9716: 9694:"The Debate: Mondale vs. Reagan" 9686: 9615: 9589: 9561: 9533: 9493: 9453: 9429:Rouse, Robert (March 15, 2006). 9422: 9394: 9366: 9357: 9348: 9326: 9285: 9264:Friess, Steve (August 9, 2006). 9257: 9231: 9203: 9184:Peter, Josh (November 5, 2020). 9177: 9152: 9071: 9048: 9030: 9003: 8986: 8964: 8926: 8751:, Bernard Weinraub, May 6, 1985. 8737: 8695: 8678: 8663: 8650: 8624: 8567: 8393: 8318: 8276: 8099: 8048: 7993: 7968: 7922:"Gen Efraín Ríos Montt obituary" 7914: 7889: 7875:"Critics question Reagan legacy" 7867: 7842: 7824:"Foreign Affairs: Ronald Reagan" 7802:10.1111/j.1741-5705.2006.00288.x 7781: 7710: 7613: 7527: 7511:Reagan, Ronald. (June 8, 1982). 7504: 7478: 7455: 7432: 7419: 7406: 7393: 7380: 7367: 7340: 7265: 7208:Raines, Howell (June 30, 1982). 7201: 7164:. June 7, 1985, Chicago Tribune. 7154: 7129: 7104: 7056: 6985: 6970: 6945: 6931:"The Reagan-Era Drug War Legacy" 6828:Bachman, Gerald G.; et al. 6638: 6629: 5707:. Lexington Books. p. 113. 5585:Chen, Michelle (July 14, 2024). 5559:D'Souza, Dinesh (June 8, 2004). 4962:Premiership of Margaret Thatcher 4941: 4927: 4913: 4899: 4411:and the 40th anniversary of the 4106:Comprehensive Anti-Apartheid Act 3996:in 1981; by 1982, Libyan leader 3965: 3946:two nearly-simultaneous bombings 3458:for massacres of members of the 3092:No civil rights legislation for 3004:Social policies and civil rights 2878:Immigration to the United States 2077:. Reagan successfully nominated 1998: 1961:Ambassador to the United Nations 1819:Ambassador to the United Nations 1757:Director of Central Intelligence 1145: 1133: 967: 666: 660: 653: 182: 146: 12880:Presidents of the United States 12295:Presidential Library and Museum 12216:General Electric Showcase House 11881:Agricultural Credit Act of 1987 11021:contents free at many libraries 10251:The Journal of American History 8972:"A/RES/41/38 November 20, 1986" 8286:, p. 887, New York: McGraw-Hill 6800:"Interview: Dr. Herbert Kleber" 6404: 6276:Pear, Robert (April 19, 1992). 6269: 6243: 6092: 6064: 6036: 6027: 6014: 5971: 5956: 5795: 5694: 5660: 5644: 5597: 5578: 5552: 5475: 5392:Journal of Contemporary History 5384: 5275: 5258: 5176: 4128:, which granted the president " 4056: 4050:United Nations General Assembly 3563:United Nations General Assembly 3039:, but Republican senators like 2793: 2124:United States courts of appeals 2107: 1935:Office of Management and Budget 765:conservative shift to the right 30:For a chronological guide, see 15909:Republican Majority for Choice 15737:Steering and Policy Committees 11953:Dairy Export Incentive Program 10793:Diggins, John Patrick (2007). 10622:Pemberton, William E. (1997). 10508:Presidential Studies Quarterly 10418: 8692:, Don Shannon, April 19, 1985. 7790:Presidential Studies Quarterly 7416:. 2nd ed. New York: Routledge. 7353:. Akashic Books. p. 154. 6517:"How Elba Makes a Living Wage" 6368:. U.S. News & World Report 5283:Presidential Studies Quarterly 5103: 5078: 5062: 5049: 5036: 5023: 5010: 4448: 4215: 3878: 3774:) and strategic arms (such as 3726:, were a heavy burden for the 3702:Gorbachev and Reagan sign the 3585:Reagan administration scandals 3174:that the federal government's 2871: 2787:National Labor Relations Board 2612:Office of Economic Opportunity 914:Conservative shift in politics 713:president of the United States 13: 1: 15974:International Democracy Union 12048:Low-Income Housing Tax Credit 12034:Katie Beckett Medicaid waiver 11976:Internal Revenue Code of 1986 11918:Deficit Reduction Act of 1984 11888:Agriculture Mediation Program 11740:Hunger Prevention Act of 1988 11650:Coastal Barrier Resources Act 10857:(Penguin Random House, 2022) 10761:Bibliography of Ronald Reagan 10738:. Bloomsbury Publishing USA. 10656:. Columbia University Press. 10652:Rossinow, Douglas C. (2015). 10485:; Beschloss, Michael (2001). 10345:Andrew L. Johns, ed. (2015). 7462:Jaycox, Mark (June 2, 2014). 6364:Cline, Seth (March 1, 2013). 5922:Washington and Lee Law Review 5680:. pp. 106–108, 121–128. 5604:Langer, Gary (June 7, 2004). 4999: 4136:. In 1985, Reagan signed the 4115: 3328:Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty 3123:abstinence-only sex education 2986:Firearm Owners Protection Act 2911:Criminal and anti-drug policy 2818:and allowed banks to provide 2816:savings and loan associations 2341:Deficit Reduction Act of 1984 2132:more than any other president 2128:United States district courts 1982:and Republican losses in the 908: 810:. Reagan also appointed more 12092:Video Privacy Protection Act 11946:Conservation Reserve Program 11549:Trade and Tariff Act of 1984 11454:Strategic Defense Initiative 11017:A Companion to Ronald Reagan 10467:. New York: Public Affairs. 10348:A Companion to Ronald Reagan 9977:A Companion to Ronald Reagan 8400:Paul Vorbeck Lettow (2006). 6647:by Martin Mayer (Scribner's) 5978:Steuerle, C. Eugene (1992). 5652:Public Administration Review 5109:Earl Black and Merle Black, 5004: 4685:1988 United States elections 4450:Congressional party leaders 4445:1986 United States elections 4347:1984 United States elections 4314:1982 United States elections 4218:Republican seats in Congress 4126:Trade and Tariff Act of 1984 4016:on ground targets in Libya. 3565:as "a flagrant violation of 3402:. Reagan deployed the CIA's 3316:Strategic Defense Initiative 3310:Strategic Defense Initiative 3083:Civil Rights Restoration Act 2826:. Secretary of the Interior 2636:Supplemental Security Income 2333:1982 congressional elections 2164:, Washington police officer 984:1980 United States elections 837:the global influence of the 7: 16005:Presidency of Ronald Reagan 15856:Republican Jewish Coalition 15771:Republican Governance Group 12181:33rd Governor of California 11761:Minerals Management Service 11613:Anti-Drug Abuse Act of 1988 11606:Anti-Drug Abuse Act of 1986 11109:Presidency of Ronald Reagan 11068:Presidency of Ronald Reagan 10970:Reagan: An American Journey 10607:. Oxford University Press. 10586:. Oxford University Press. 10556:Leffler, Melvyn P. (2007). 10541:. Oxford University Press. 10535:Herring, George C. (2008). 10435:Beschloss, Michael (2007). 10095:Cannon & Beschloss 2001 10055:Political Science Quarterly 9750:"1984 Presidential Debates" 9266:"He amplifies hearing aids" 7621:Quarterly Journal of Speech 7278:. M.E. Sharpe. p. 94. 7084:Ackerman, David M. (2001). 6977:DeConde, Alexander (2003). 6603:"Broadcasting Deregulation" 5020:(Harvard UP, 2008) pp 1–10. 4892: 4739:, and Vice President-elect 4383:were former Vice President 4132:" authority in negotiating 3645:and McFarlane's successor, 3404:Special Activities Division 3342:(both 1983), and the song " 3262:, directing funding to the 3190:broadened the power of the 2975:Anti-Drug Abuse Act of 1988 2971:Anti-Drug Abuse Act of 1986 2962:" drug awareness campaign. 2901:Mexico–United States border 2887:and Democratic Congressman 2781:bus driver strike, and the 2678: 2233:economic policies based on 2168:, and Secret Service agent 1929:, a young congressman from 1583:Secretary of Transportation 1083:, and promised to consider 747:. Four years later, in the 288:33rd Governor of California 262:Birthplace of Ronald Reagan 58:Presidency of Ronald Reagan 10: 16076: 16040:1980s in American politics 16035:1980s in the United States 15776:Republican Study Committee 12246:1969 People's Park protest 12241:Governorship of California 11754:Medical Waste Tracking Act 11747:Martin Luther King Jr. Day 11231:Presidential proclamations 10975:Thompson, Kenneth W., ed. 10896:. New York: Random House. 10801:. New York: W. W. Norton. 10758: 10713:"JP 3-0, Joint Operations" 10288:(2008) Palgrave Macmillan 9955:"A Look Back At The Polls" 8959:Joint Chiefs of Staff 2017 7767:. Atlantic Monthly Press. 6778:"The Drug War as Race War" 6718:December 31, 2006, at the 4788:1988 presidential election 4688: 4682: 4442: 4344: 4334: 4311: 4035:Britain's prime minister, 3969: 3895: 3843: 3691: 3582: 3576: 3526:Caribbean Basin Initiative 3474: 3434:leaders accused of severe 3363: 3357: 3260:United States Armed Forces 3212: 3209:Escalation of the Cold War 3201: 3071:Martin Luther King Jr. Day 2875: 2744:in October 1987 known as " 2706: 2217: 2214:"Reaganomics" and taxation 2203: 2145: 2111: 2002: 1850:Counselor to the President 1122: 1004:Reagan, who had served as 981: 971: 917: 852:aid to paramilitary forces 761:1988 presidential election 749:1984 presidential election 745:1980 presidential election 299:1969 People's Park protest 267:Ronald Reagan Boyhood Home 216:Entertainment and personal 29: 15951: 15914:Republican Liberty Caucus 15894: 15824: 15786: 15717: 15706: 15661: 15400: 15386: 15326: 14957: 14948: 14739: 14542: 14405: 13601: 13561: 13491: 13363: 12886: 12823:George H. W. Bush → 12810: 12737: 12680: 12496: 12385: 12364: 12355: 12328: 12268:Pre-presidential speeches 12263:Citizens for the Republic 12191: 12167: 12101: 11939:Food Security Act of 1985 11863: 11840:Water Quality Act of 1987 11664:Armed Career Criminal Act 11588: 11332: 11269:Joint session of Congress 11116: 10958:(1993), covers 1982–1989. 10829:Hertsgaard, Mark. (1988) 10601:Patterson, James (2005). 9850:Dionne, E.J. Jr. (1986). 9311:10.7205/milmed-d-14-00034 8327:"Reagan and the Russians" 7386:Kline, Benjamin. (2011). 7272:Shull, Steven A. (1999). 5780:Leuchtenburg, pp. 599–601 5654:55#3 (1995), pp. 247–53. 4969:, Simi Valley, California 4459: 4456: 4454: 4331:1984 re-election campaign 3720:collectivized agriculture 3117:. Though Surgeon General 2820:adjustable-rate mortgages 2591: 1946:national security advisor 1933:, as the Director of the 1848: 1844: 1817: 1813: 1786: 1782: 1755: 1751: 1712:Director of the Office of 1710: 1706: 1667: 1663: 1624: 1620: 1581: 1577: 1556: 1515: 1511: 1472: 1468: 1441: 1437: 1410: 1406: 1369:Secretary of the Interior 1367: 1363: 1324: 1320: 1293: 1289: 1252:Secretary of the Treasury 1250: 1246: 1219: 1215: 1196: 1177: 1161: 640:The boys of Pointe du Hoc 162: 142: 122: 110: 89: 79: 67: 54: 50: 41: 15684:Northern Mariana Islands 12518:Let Them Eat Jellybeans! 11782:Nuclear Waste Policy Act 11710:Toxics Release Inventory 11073:templates for discussion 10671:Weisberg, Jacob (2016). 10580:Leuchtenburg, William E. 10443:. Simon & Schuster. 9979:(Wiley-Blackwell, 2015). 9957:. CBS News. June 7, 2004 9683:, pp. 169–170, 176. 9659:, pp. 166–169, 173. 8085:"Getting Back to Normal" 7412:Miller, Norman. (2009). 6735:. pbs. org. May 10, 2001 4800:House of Representatives 4433:House of Representatives 3953:militant group known as 3706:at the White House, 1987 3497:about ongoing events in 3378:in the Oval Office, 1983 2927:rally at the White House 2751: 2640:earned income tax credit 2361:earned income tax credit 2050:, which had established 1562:Secretary of Housing and 1412:Secretary of Agriculture 1113:House of Representatives 503:Supreme Court candidates 191:This article is part of 12688:Namesakes and memorials 12672:"What would Reagan do?" 12593:The Day Reagan Was Shot 12564:The Dark Knight Returns 12556:A Mind Forever Voyaging 12320:Death and state funeral 12108:← Carter administration 11542:American Homecoming Act 11426:Constructive engagement 11189:Administration scandals 10985:Walsh, Kenneth (1997). 10631:Reagan, Ronald (1990). 10351:. Wiley. pp. 1–2. 10264:10.1093/jahist/96.3.933 9813:"The Reagan Presidency" 8576:"The Summit Goodfellas" 7347:Scheer, Robert (2006). 6953:"National Firearms Act" 6251:"The Reagan Presidency" 5701:Karaagac, John (2000). 5678:Oxford University Press 4872:American exceptionalism 4796:congressional elections 4749:White House Rose Garden 4439:1986 mid-term elections 4425:congressional elections 4308:1982 mid-term elections 4206:Dupuytren's contracture 4083:constructive engagement 3980:British Prime Minister 3819:Moscow State University 3631:seven American hostages 3436:human rights violations 3098:Communications Director 2990:Gun Control Act of 1968 2937:U.S. incarceration rate 2853:Savings and loan crisis 2846:Savings and loan crisis 2696:automatic spending cuts 2282:and Republican Senator 2278:Republican Congressman 2251:and Treasury Secretary 2178:Washington Hilton Hotel 1984:1986 mid-term elections 1517:Secretary of Health and 1105:congressional elections 1012:to incumbent President 878:agreement known as the 15766:Problem Solvers Caucus 12978:William Henry Harrison 12707:Ronald Reagan Building 12430:running mate selection 12258:Rockefeller Commission 12041:Tax Reform Act of 1986 11261:"Tear down this wall!" 11015:Johns, Andrew L., ed. 10890:Matlock, Jack (2004). 10690:Wilentz, Sean (2008). 10430:. New York: Doubleday. 10112:"Reagan's Real Legacy" 9975:Andrew L. Johns, ed., 9878:Busch, Andrew (1999). 9622:Busch, Andrew (1999). 9336:. History News Network 9014:. TIME. Archived from 8351:Gaidar, Yegor (2007). 7761:Crile, George (2003). 7735:on September 30, 2007. 7116:, 370 U.S. 421 (1962)" 6540:Patterson, pp. 157–158 5906:, pp. 97–98, 164. 5084:James Davison Hunter, 5072:(1982) 21#2: 123–131. 4827: 4752: 4720: 4376: 4070: 4041:United Nations Charter 4032: 3994:Gulf of Sidra incident 3989: 3892: 3804: 3707: 3602: 3501: 3448:president of Guatemala 3379: 3247: 3227: 3188:presidential directive 3131: 3017: 2939: 2928: 2868:seem minor episodes." 2761: 2365:gross national product 2353:Tax Reform Act of 1986 2275: 2157: 2094:rejected by the Senate 2022: 1669:Secretary of Education 1072: 1006:Governor of California 1001: 960:economic policies and 933: 825:stance was resolutely 800:Tax Reform Act of 1986 717:his first inauguration 515:Presidential campaigns 15851:Log Cabin Republicans 13208:Franklin D. Roosevelt 12287:States' rights speech 12281:"A Time for Choosing" 12117:Bush administration → 11671:Sentencing Reform Act 11579:Exon–Florio Amendment 11505:Executive Order 12333 11491:Goldwater–Nichols Act 11166:Judicial appointments 11152:Assassination attempt 10838:The Reagan Presidency 10822:Graff, Henry F., ed. 10767:Brandt, Karl Gerard. 10426:Brands, H.W. (2015). 9752:. CNN. Archived from 9164:www.reaganlibrary.gov 8997:July 1, 2009, at the 8713:on September 27, 2007 8282:Brinkley, A. (2009). 8095:on February 14, 2008. 8033:, pp. 73, 77–79. 7826:. PBS. Archived from 7623:72.4 (1986): 390–414. 7112:"U.S. Supreme Court: 6601:Donnelly, H. (1987). 5540:. CNN. March 30, 2001 5424:(September 4, 2005). 5285:32.3 (2002): 463–482. 5033:(UP of Kansas, 2005). 4842:, and an increase in 4821: 4814:Evaluation and legacy 4726: 4710: 4689:Further information: 4362: 4345:Further information: 4134:free trade agreements 4064: 4022: 3979: 3886: 3836:the following month. 3802: 3724:planned manufacturing 3701: 3593:Reagan receiving the 3592: 3512:on countries such as 3484: 3400:period of martial law 3373: 3290:'s deployment of the 3242:would end up on the " 3233: 3222: 3184:Executive Order 12333 3127: 3011: 2934: 2918: 2783:1985–86 Hormel strike 2759: 2685:early 1980s recession 2628:unemployment benefits 2620:school lunch programs 2269: 2235:supply-side economics 2193:assassination attempt 2155: 2142:Assassination attempt 2112:Further information: 2071:Edward Douglass White 2012: 1994:Judicial appointments 1885:Deputy Chief of Staff 1714:Management and Budget 1443:Secretary of Commerce 1058: 999: 982:Further information: 931: 918:Further information: 899:American conservatism 891:Franklin D. Roosevelt 792:supply-side economics 382:Assassination attempt 155:Seal of the president 18:Reagan Administration 15881:Republicans Overseas 15871:Teen Age Republicans 15674:District of Columbia 14075:1964 (San Francisco) 14035:1956 (San Francisco) 13571:National Union Party 13228:Dwight D. Eisenhower 12816:← Jimmy Carter 12457:"Morning in America" 12420:"There you go again" 11599:AIDS crisis response 11373:Soviet Union summits 10869:(Bloomsbury, 2023). 10865:La Barca, Giuseppe. 10222:"American President" 10152:"Iran-Contra Affair" 10110:(February 4, 2011). 9730:on February 18, 2001 9441:on November 23, 2012 8705:(November 5, 1999). 8588:on February 17, 2010 8261:, pp. 653, 674. 6418:. September 26, 2000 5394:53.2 (2018): 391–414 4921:United States portal 4794:. In the concurrent 4409:1984 Summer Olympics 3931:. American diplomat 3694:Cold War (1985–1991) 3388:resistance movements 3215:Cold War (1979–1985) 3134:Environmental policy 3026:desegregation busing 2988:, which amended the 2800:William Leuchtenburg 2764:In August 1981, the 2622:, and Medicaid. The 2335:. Compared to other 2261:Keynesian economists 1972:William French Smith 1957:William P. Clark Jr. 1448:Malcolm Baldrige Jr. 1386:William P. Clark Jr. 1331:William French Smith 1295:Secretary of Defense 1071:on November 20, 1980 790:", were inspired by 731:incumbent president 645:Tear down this wall! 618:Speeches and debates 365:Presidential library 15834:College Republicans 14255:2000 (Philadelphia) 13995:1948 (Philadelphia) 13955:1940 (Philadelphia) 13772:1900 (Philadelphia) 13681:1872 (Philadelphia) 13629:1856 (Philadelphia) 13581:Fourth Party System 13158:William Howard Taft 13078:Rutherford B. Hayes 12789:Nelle Wilson Reagan 12722:Ronald Reagan Trail 12693:U.S. Capitol statue 12542:(1983 comic series) 12526:U.S. Postage stamps 12462:"Bear in the woods" 12236:Political positions 11833:1982 VRA Amendments 11461:International trips 11433:Invasion of Grenada 11203:Impeachment efforts 11145:Second inauguration 11138:Release of hostages 10320:, pp. 562–563. 10308:, pp. 558–560. 10228:on October 11, 2014 10187:, pp. 160–161. 9991:, pp. 635–638. 9910:, pp. 220–225. 9895:, pp. 697–698. 9880:Horses in Midstream 9840:, pp. 173–174. 9671:, pp. 171–172. 9647:, pp. 620–621. 9626:Horses in Midstream 9090:The Free Lance-Star 8871:on November 7, 2012 8847:, pp. 200–201. 8823:, pp. 488–491. 8811:, pp. 394–395. 8799:, pp. 386–389. 8787:, pp. 382–385. 8775:, pp. 366–367. 8656:Richard J. Jensen, 8621:, pp. 898–899. 8564:, pp. 897–898. 8540:, pp. 682–685. 8516:, pp. 234–235. 8504:, pp. 676–677. 8477:, pp. 596–604. 8465:, pp. 228–230. 8453:, pp. 214–215. 8441:, pp. 895–896. 8429:, pp. 225–227. 8390:, pp. 225–226. 8378:, pp. 675–676. 8298:, pp. 211–212. 8273:, pp. 216–217. 8249:, pp. 202–204. 8237:, pp. 650–653. 8225:, pp. 646–649. 8213:, pp. 210–211. 8201:, pp. 209–210. 8189:, pp. 129–134. 8174:, pp. 208–209. 8162:, pp. 128–129. 8150:, pp. 207–208. 8045:, pp. 205–206. 8021:, pp. 350–357. 7751:, pp. 883–884. 7731:(4). Archived from 7707:, pp. 116–117. 7695:, pp. 869–870. 7683:, pp. 581–585. 7671:, pp. 725–726. 7659:, pp. 870–871. 7635:, pp. 868–869. 7610:, pp. 314–317. 7541:on October 11, 2007 7515:. The History Place 7337:, pp. 179–182. 7325:, pp. 212–214. 7313:, pp. 132–134. 7301:, pp. 185–186. 7250:, pp. 163–164. 7141:presidency.ucsb.edu 7090:. Nova Publishers. 6853:, pp. 122–124. 6691:The Washington Post 6671:, pp. 544–545. 6659:, pp. 158–159. 6591:, pp. 601–604. 6505:, pp. 668–671. 6478:, pp. 166–167. 6466:, pp. 452–453. 6439:Brands, pp. 317–319 6389:, pp. 221–222. 6354:, pp. 158–159. 6342:, pp. 346–347. 6330:, pp. 605–606. 6306:, pp. 149–150. 6240:, pp. 425–427. 6228:, pp. 300–303. 6216:, pp. 618–619. 6192:, pp. 615–616. 6180:, pp. 266–267. 6141:, pp. 594–595. 6129:, pp. 263–264. 6100:"Historical Tables" 6072:"Historical Tables" 6044:"Historical Tables" 5953:, pp. 542–544. 5941:, pp. 540–541. 5894:, pp. 162–163. 5855:, pp. 148–149. 5843:, pp. 346–349. 5754:, pp. 154–155. 5742:, pp. 271–272. 5730:, pp. 595–596. 5641:, pp. 598–599. 5629:, pp. 597–598. 5512:, pp. 116–117. 5406:, pp. 189–190. 5381:, pp. 645–649. 5369:, pp. 178–180. 5357:, pp. 472–474. 5345:, pp. 103–104. 5321:, pp. 376–381. 5309:, pp. 864–866. 5297:, pp. 246–248. 5231:, pp. 241–246. 5219:, pp. 149–151. 5137:, pp. 137–138. 4949:Conservatism portal 4833:Iran hostage crisis 4751:on November 9, 1988 4451: 4417:Alzheimer's disease 4220: 4191:Alzheimer's disease 4098:divestment campaign 3938:multinational force 3887:Egyptian President 3846:Bitburg controversy 3744:Jack F. Matlock Jr. 3688:End of the Cold War 3674:Iran–Contra scandal 3540:Invasion of Grenada 3452:Guatemalan military 3418:in the form of the 3244:ash heap of history 3180:counterintelligence 2883:Republican Senator 2729:economic inequality 2719:, the Chair of the 2694:, which called for 2377: 2371:Government spending 2229:Reagan implemented 2098:Douglas H. Ginsburg 2086:Lewis F. Powell Jr. 2061:to the position of 2031:Sandra Day O'Connor 1731:James C. Miller III 1626:Secretary of Energy 1612:James H. Burnley IV 1503:Ann Dore McLaughlin 1077:Iran hostage crisis 1059:Outgoing President 844:invasion of Grenada 625:A Time for Choosing 456:international trips 387:Invasion of Grenada 15866:Republicans Abroad 15731:Legislative Digest 14195:1988 (New Orleans) 14135:1976 (Kansas City) 14115:1972 (Miami Beach) 14095:1968 (Miami Beach) 13895:1928 (Kansas City) 13759:1896 (Saint Louis) 13746:1892 (Minneapolis) 13591:Sixth Party System 13586:Fifth Party System 13576:Third Party System 13148:Theodore Roosevelt 12620:(2011 documentary) 12539:Ed the Happy Clown 12346:The Reagan Diaries 12310:1989 trip to Japan 12221:668 St. Cloud Road 11440:Iran–Contra affair 11134:First inauguration 10952:Shultz, George P. 10921:. H. W. Brands in 10853:Inboden, William. 10379:The New York Times 10064:on August 22, 2016 9857:The New York Times 9603:on August 18, 2016 9575:The New York Times 9547:The New York Times 9506:The New York Times 9466:The New York Times 9435:American Chronicle 9408:The New York Times 9380:The New York Times 9243:The New York Times 9217:The New York Times 9138:The New York Times 9105:Amadeo, Kimberly. 8938:Human Rights Watch 8638:. December 3, 1984 8107:Hayward, Steven F. 8062:The New York Times 7901:The New York Times 7215:The New York Times 7180:The New York Times 7068:Lodi News-Sentinel 7030:The New York Times 6909:The New York Times 6733:"The War on Drugs" 6521:The New York Times 6283:The New York Times 5489:The New York Times 4828: 4753: 4721: 4715:defeated Democrat 4449: 4377: 4216: 4071: 4033: 4023:Chadian president 3990: 3908:in 1975, and both 3904:had broken out in 3893: 3805: 3785:. They signed the 3708: 3659:special prosecutor 3603: 3599:Iran–Contra affair 3579:Iran–Contra affair 3573:Iran–Contra affair 3502: 3380: 3248: 3236:British Parliament 3228: 3114:Bowers v. Hardwick 3067:affirmative action 3018: 2940: 2929: 2897:illegal immigrants 2762: 2742:stock market crash 2731:and the number of 2375: 2357:standard deduction 2317:Franklin Roosevelt 2276: 2158: 2136:Federalist Society 2023: 1980:Iran–Contra affair 1774:William H. Webster 1655:John S. Herrington 1479:Raymond J. Donovan 1474:Secretary of Labor 1460:William Verity Jr. 1221:Secretary of State 1162:The Reagan cabinet 1097:There you go again 1087:treaties with the 1073: 1002: 934: 868:Iran–Contra affair 808:illegal immigrants 397:Iran–Contra affair 277:668 St. Cloud Road 16025:George H. W. Bush 15992: 15991: 15947: 15946: 15876:Young Republicans 15744:Senate Conference 15702: 15701: 15382: 15381: 13694:1876 (Cincinnati) 13519: 13518: 13298:George H. W. Bush 13248:Lyndon B. Johnson 13178:Warren G. Harding 13118:Benjamin Harrison 13098:Chester A. Arthur 13088:James A. Garfield 12948:John Quincy Adams 12898:George Washington 12846: 12845: 12717:Reagan Day Dinner 12712:Ronald Reagan Day 12660:(2020 miniseries) 12578:Land of Confusion 12532:Rap Master Ronnie 12492: 12491: 12127: 12126: 11498:Montreal Protocol 11328: 11327: 11319:1988 SOTU Address 11312:1987 SOTU Address 11305:1986 SOTU Address 11298:1985 SOTU Address 11291:1984 SOTU Address 11284:1983 SOTU Address 11277:1982 SOTU Address 11217:Executive actions 10961:Service, Robert. 10879:Levy, Peter, ed. 10875:978-1-350-27141-8 10745:978-1-59884-531-0 10703:978-0-06-074480-9 10696:. HarperCollins. 10682:978-0-8050-9728-3 10564:. Hill and Wang. 10548:978-0-19-507822-0 10491:. PublicAffairs. 9704:on April 16, 2007 9645:Leuchtenburg 2015 9363:Bumgarner, p. 204 9354:Bumgarner, p. 285 9298:Military Medicine 9018:on April 28, 2010 8690:Los Angeles Times 8362:978-5-8243-0759-7 8120:978-1-4000-5357-5 7562:, pp. 66–67. 7360:978-1-933354-01-9 7262:, pp. 42–43. 7097:978-1-59033-122-4 7053:, pp. 95–96. 6589:Leuchtenburg 2015 6552:, pp. 86–87. 6451:, pp. 88–90. 6401:, pp. 90–91. 6328:Leuchtenburg 2015 6318:, pp. 75–76. 6214:Leuchtenburg 2015 6190:Leuchtenburg 2015 6153:, pp. 58–60. 6139:Leuchtenburg 2015 5867:, pp. 62–63. 5816:, pp. 61–62. 5792:, pp. 48–49. 5728:Leuchtenburg 2015 5639:Leuchtenburg 2015 5627:Leuchtenburg 2015 5333:, pp. 81–82. 5243:, pp. 51–52. 5207:, pp. 27–28. 5173:, pp. 23–27. 5161:, pp. 61–63. 5149:, pp. 56–57. 5100:, pp. 23–24. 4974:Explanatory notes 4761:George H. W. Bush 4733:George H. W. Bush 4713:George H. W. Bush 4672: 4671: 4644: 4608: 4572: 4536: 4500: 4413:Normandy landings 4401:Geraldine Ferraro 4373:Electoral College 4305: 4304: 4176:colorectal cancer 4037:Margaret Thatcher 4004:and Cuban leader 3982:Margaret Thatcher 3823:Brezhnev Doctrine 3800: 3783:Washington Summit 3716:Mikhail Gorbachev 3567:international law 3536:and El Salvador. 3444:Efraín Ríos Montt 3412:Soviet–Afghan War 3390:in an effort to " 3366:Soviet–Afghan War 3286:, Reagan oversaw 3268:B-2 Spirit bomber 3164:national security 3158:Mass surveillance 3148:Montreal Protocol 3063:Voting Rights Act 2905:Statue of Liberty 2808:Fairness Doctrine 2606:programs such as 2599: 2598: 2337:midterm elections 2301:capital gains tax 2186:internal bleeding 2174:John Hinckley Jr. 2088:Reagan nominated 2059:William Rehnquist 2035:Associate Justice 2017:to the office of 2015:William Rehnquist 2013:Reagan appointed 1964:Jeane Kirkpatrick 1919:Caspar Weinberger 1873: 1872: 1836:Vernon A. Walters 1824:Jeane Kirkpatrick 1564:Urban Development 1524:Richard Schweiker 1300:Caspar Weinberger 1281:Nicholas F. Brady 1207:George H. W. Bush 1026:George H. W. Bush 939:Watergate scandal 895:wealth inequality 872:Mikhail Gorbachev 757:George H. W. Bush 708:'s tenure as the 703: 702: 208: 207: 173: 172: 133:George H. W. Bush 16:(Redirected from 16067: 15749:Policy Committee 15725:House Conference 15715: 15714: 15398: 15397: 14955: 14954: 14375:2024 (Milwaukee) 14335:2016 (Cleveland) 14235:1996 (San Diego) 13935:1936 (Cleveland) 13875:1924 (Cleveland) 13655:1864 (Baltimore) 13555: 13554:Republican Party 13546: 13539: 13532: 13523: 13522: 13509: 13508: 13499: 13498: 13138:William McKinley 13128:Grover Cleveland 13108:Grover Cleveland 13068:Ulysses S. Grant 13018:Millard Fillmore 12968:Martin Van Buren 12918:Thomas Jefferson 12873: 12866: 12859: 12850: 12849: 12835: 12834: 12362: 12361: 12339:An American Life 12305:Reagan coalition 12226:Rancho del Cielo 12184: 12176: 12154: 12147: 12140: 12131: 12130: 12120: 12111: 12094: 12087: 12080: 12073: 12066: 12057: 12050: 12043: 12036: 12029: 12022: 12015: 12008: 12001: 11992: 11985: 11978: 11971: 11964: 11955: 11948: 11941: 11934: 11927: 11920: 11913: 11906: 11897: 11890: 11883: 11876: 11856: 11849: 11842: 11835: 11828: 11821: 11812: 11805: 11798: 11791: 11784: 11777: 11770: 11763: 11756: 11749: 11742: 11735: 11733:Grace Commission 11728: 11721: 11712: 11705: 11696: 11689: 11680: 11673: 11666: 11659: 11652: 11645: 11638: 11631: 11622: 11615: 11608: 11601: 11581: 11574: 11565: 11558: 11551: 11544: 11535: 11528: 11521: 11514: 11507: 11500: 11493: 11486: 11479: 11472: 11463: 11456: 11449: 11442: 11435: 11428: 11419: 11417:Governors Island 11412: 11403: 11396: 11389: 11382: 11375: 11366: 11359: 11352: 11345: 11321: 11314: 11307: 11300: 11293: 11286: 11279: 11272: 11264: 11256: 11240: 11239: 11233: 11226: 11224:Executive orders 11219: 11212: 11205: 11198: 11191: 11182: 11175: 11168: 11161: 11154: 11147: 11140: 11129: 11102: 11095: 11088: 11079: 11078: 11004: 10992: 10949: 10923:Reagan: The Life 10907: 10843:Holzer, Harold. 10812: 10800: 10749: 10728: 10726: 10724: 10707: 10686: 10667: 10648: 10634:An American Life 10627: 10618: 10597: 10575: 10563: 10552: 10531: 10502: 10478: 10454: 10442: 10431: 10428:Reagan: The Life 10413: 10412: 10410: 10408: 10397: 10391: 10390: 10388: 10386: 10369: 10363: 10362: 10342: 10336: 10327: 10321: 10315: 10309: 10303: 10297: 10282: 10276: 10275: 10244: 10238: 10237: 10235: 10233: 10224:. Archived from 10218: 10212: 10206: 10200: 10194: 10188: 10182: 10176: 10170: 10164: 10163: 10161: 10159: 10147: 10141: 10135: 10129: 10128: 10126: 10124: 10104: 10098: 10092: 10086: 10080: 10074: 10073: 10071: 10069: 10063: 10057:. Archived from 10052: 10043: 10037: 10036: 10034: 10032: 10022: 10016: 10010: 10004: 9998: 9992: 9986: 9980: 9973: 9967: 9966: 9964: 9962: 9951: 9945: 9939: 9933: 9932: 9930: 9928: 9917: 9911: 9905: 9896: 9890: 9884: 9883: 9875: 9869: 9868: 9866: 9864: 9847: 9841: 9835: 9829: 9828: 9826: 9824: 9809: 9803: 9802: 9800: 9798: 9787: 9778: 9772: 9766: 9765: 9763: 9761: 9756:on March 8, 2007 9746: 9740: 9739: 9737: 9735: 9720: 9714: 9713: 9711: 9709: 9690: 9684: 9678: 9672: 9666: 9660: 9654: 9648: 9642: 9636: 9635: 9629: 9619: 9613: 9612: 9610: 9608: 9593: 9587: 9586: 9584: 9582: 9565: 9559: 9558: 9556: 9554: 9537: 9531: 9530: 9524: 9516: 9514: 9512: 9497: 9491: 9490: 9484: 9476: 9474: 9472: 9457: 9451: 9450: 9448: 9446: 9437:. Archived from 9426: 9420: 9419: 9417: 9415: 9398: 9392: 9391: 9389: 9387: 9370: 9364: 9361: 9355: 9352: 9346: 9345: 9343: 9341: 9330: 9324: 9323: 9313: 9289: 9283: 9282: 9280: 9278: 9261: 9255: 9254: 9252: 9250: 9235: 9229: 9228: 9226: 9224: 9207: 9201: 9200: 9198: 9196: 9181: 9175: 9174: 9172: 9170: 9156: 9150: 9149: 9147: 9145: 9128: 9122: 9121: 9119: 9117: 9102: 9093: 9087: 9075: 9069: 9068: 9066: 9064: 9052: 9046: 9045: 9034: 9028: 9027: 9025: 9023: 9007: 9001: 8990: 8984: 8983: 8981: 8979: 8974:. United Nations 8968: 8962: 8961:, p. VII-5. 8956: 8950: 8949: 8947: 8945: 8930: 8924: 8923: 8921: 8919: 8914:. April 15, 2008 8904: 8893: 8887: 8881: 8880: 8878: 8876: 8867:. Archived from 8854: 8848: 8842: 8836: 8830: 8824: 8818: 8812: 8806: 8800: 8794: 8788: 8782: 8776: 8770: 8764: 8758: 8752: 8741: 8735: 8729: 8723: 8722: 8720: 8718: 8699: 8693: 8682: 8676: 8667: 8661: 8654: 8648: 8647: 8645: 8643: 8628: 8622: 8616: 8610: 8604: 8598: 8597: 8595: 8593: 8584:. Archived from 8571: 8565: 8559: 8553: 8547: 8541: 8535: 8529: 8523: 8517: 8511: 8505: 8499: 8493: 8487: 8478: 8472: 8466: 8460: 8454: 8448: 8442: 8436: 8430: 8424: 8418: 8417: 8397: 8391: 8385: 8379: 8373: 8367: 8366: 8348: 8342: 8341: 8339: 8337: 8322: 8316: 8310: 8299: 8293: 8287: 8280: 8274: 8268: 8262: 8256: 8250: 8244: 8238: 8232: 8226: 8220: 8214: 8208: 8202: 8196: 8190: 8184: 8175: 8169: 8163: 8157: 8151: 8145: 8139: 8138: 8131: 8125: 8124: 8103: 8097: 8096: 8091:. Archived from 8080: 8074: 8073: 8071: 8069: 8052: 8046: 8040: 8034: 8028: 8022: 8016: 8010: 8009: 7997: 7991: 7990: 7988: 7986: 7972: 7966: 7965: 7963: 7961: 7947: 7938: 7937: 7935: 7933: 7918: 7912: 7911: 7909: 7907: 7893: 7887: 7886: 7884: 7882: 7871: 7865: 7864: 7862: 7860: 7846: 7840: 7839: 7837: 7835: 7830:on June 16, 2007 7820: 7814: 7813: 7785: 7779: 7778: 7758: 7752: 7746: 7737: 7736: 7714: 7708: 7702: 7696: 7690: 7684: 7678: 7672: 7666: 7660: 7654: 7648: 7642: 7636: 7630: 7624: 7617: 7611: 7605: 7599: 7593: 7587: 7581: 7575: 7569: 7563: 7557: 7551: 7550: 7548: 7546: 7531: 7525: 7524: 7522: 7520: 7508: 7502: 7501: 7499: 7497: 7482: 7476: 7475: 7473: 7471: 7459: 7453: 7452: 7450: 7448: 7436: 7430: 7423: 7417: 7410: 7404: 7397: 7391: 7384: 7378: 7371: 7365: 7364: 7344: 7338: 7332: 7326: 7320: 7314: 7308: 7302: 7296: 7290: 7289: 7269: 7263: 7257: 7251: 7245: 7239: 7233: 7227: 7226: 7224: 7222: 7205: 7199: 7198: 7196: 7194: 7171: 7165: 7160:George de Lama, 7158: 7152: 7151: 7149: 7147: 7133: 7127: 7126: 7124: 7122: 7108: 7102: 7101: 7081: 7072: 7071: 7070:. July 12, 1984. 7060: 7054: 7048: 7042: 7041: 7039: 7037: 7020: 7011: 7010: 7008: 7006: 6989: 6983: 6982: 6974: 6968: 6967: 6965: 6963: 6949: 6943: 6942: 6940: 6938: 6927: 6921: 6920: 6918: 6916: 6899: 6893: 6887: 6881: 6880: 6878: 6876: 6865: 6854: 6848: 6842: 6841: 6839: 6837: 6825: 6816: 6815: 6813:percent in 1991. 6809: 6807: 6796: 6790: 6789: 6787: 6785: 6773: 6767: 6766: 6764: 6762: 6751: 6745: 6744: 6742: 6740: 6729: 6723: 6709: 6703: 6702: 6700: 6698: 6681: 6672: 6666: 6660: 6654: 6648: 6642: 6636: 6633: 6627: 6621: 6615: 6614: 6612: 6610: 6598: 6592: 6586: 6577: 6571: 6565: 6564:, p. 87–88. 6559: 6553: 6547: 6541: 6538: 6529: 6528: 6512: 6506: 6500: 6491: 6485: 6479: 6473: 6467: 6461: 6452: 6446: 6440: 6437: 6428: 6427: 6425: 6423: 6408: 6402: 6396: 6390: 6384: 6378: 6377: 6375: 6373: 6361: 6355: 6349: 6343: 6337: 6331: 6325: 6319: 6313: 6307: 6301: 6295: 6294: 6292: 6290: 6273: 6267: 6266: 6264: 6262: 6247: 6241: 6235: 6229: 6223: 6217: 6211: 6205: 6199: 6193: 6187: 6181: 6175: 6169: 6163: 6154: 6148: 6142: 6136: 6130: 6124: 6118: 6117: 6115: 6113: 6096: 6090: 6089: 6087: 6085: 6068: 6062: 6061: 6059: 6057: 6040: 6034: 6031: 6025: 6018: 6012: 6006: 6000: 5999: 5975: 5969: 5968: 5960: 5954: 5948: 5942: 5936: 5930: 5929: 5913: 5907: 5901: 5895: 5889: 5880: 5874: 5868: 5862: 5856: 5850: 5844: 5838: 5832: 5826: 5817: 5811: 5802: 5799: 5793: 5787: 5781: 5778: 5767: 5761: 5755: 5749: 5743: 5737: 5731: 5725: 5719: 5718: 5698: 5692: 5691: 5664: 5658: 5648: 5642: 5636: 5630: 5624: 5618: 5617: 5615: 5613: 5601: 5595: 5594: 5582: 5576: 5575: 5573: 5571: 5556: 5550: 5549: 5547: 5545: 5534: 5528: 5522: 5513: 5507: 5501: 5500: 5498: 5496: 5479: 5473: 5472: 5470: 5468: 5454: 5441: 5440: 5438: 5436: 5418: 5407: 5401: 5395: 5388: 5382: 5376: 5370: 5364: 5358: 5352: 5346: 5340: 5334: 5328: 5322: 5316: 5310: 5304: 5298: 5292: 5286: 5279: 5273: 5268:(1984): 231–258 5262: 5256: 5255:, pp. 52, . 5250: 5244: 5238: 5232: 5226: 5220: 5214: 5208: 5202: 5196: 5195: 5193: 5191: 5180: 5174: 5168: 5162: 5156: 5150: 5144: 5138: 5132: 5126: 5120: 5114: 5107: 5101: 5095: 5089: 5082: 5076: 5066: 5060: 5053: 5047: 5046:(1997) pp. 1–33. 5040: 5034: 5027: 5021: 5014: 4993: 4989: 4951: 4946: 4945: 4944: 4937: 4932: 4931: 4923: 4918: 4917: 4916: 4909: 4904: 4903: 4642: 4606: 4570: 4534: 4498: 4452: 4325:Republican Party 4221: 3921:Southern Lebanon 3801: 3760:Reykjavík Summit 3722:and inefficient 3710:Three different 3655:Tower Commission 3643:Robert McFarlane 3620:Boland Amendment 3595:Tower Commission 3446:. Montt was the 3292:Pershing missile 3240:Marxism-Leninism 3056:on school prayer 2638:, Medicaid, the 2402:Debt as a % 2378: 2374: 2200:Domestic affairs 2166:Thomas Delahanty 1953:George P. Shultz 1942:William J. Casey 1762:William J. Casey 1631:James B. Edwards 1536:Margaret Heckler 1326:Attorney General 1159: 1158: 1149: 1137: 1050:John B. Anderson 962:machine politics 741:John B. Anderson 695: 688: 681: 670: 664: 663: 657: 579:Reagan coalition 392:Bombing of Libya 272:Rancho del Cielo 204: 203: 201: 194: 186: 179: 178: 175: 174: 169: 168: 150: 61: 59: 46: 39: 38: 21: 16075: 16074: 16070: 16069: 16068: 16066: 16065: 16064: 15995: 15994: 15993: 15988: 15943: 15896: 15890: 15826: 15820: 15788: 15782: 15709: 15698: 15657: 15393: 15391: 15378: 15327:Chair elections 15322: 14944: 14843:D. B. Henderson 14831:T. J. Henderson 14756: 14753: 14751: 14746: 14742: 14735: 14553: 14550: 14548: 14545: 14538: 14411:administrations 14409: 14401: 14295:2008 (St. Paul) 14275:2004 (New York) 13620: 13617: 13615: 13611: 13608: 13604: 13597: 13557: 13553: 13550: 13520: 13515: 13487: 13413:F. D. Roosevelt 13365: 13359: 13358: 13357: 13238:John F. Kennedy 13218:Harry S. Truman 13188:Calvin Coolidge 13048:Abraham Lincoln 13028:Franklin Pierce 12888: 12882: 12877: 12847: 12842: 12806: 12733: 12676: 12571:film adaptation 12499: 12488: 12381: 12351: 12324: 12193: 12187: 12179: 12171: 12163: 12158: 12128: 12123: 12114: 12105: 12097: 12090: 12083: 12076: 12069: 12062: 12053: 12046: 12039: 12032: 12025: 12018: 12013:Reagan tax cuts 12011: 12004: 11997: 11988: 11981: 11974: 11967: 11960: 11951: 11944: 11937: 11930: 11923: 11916: 11909: 11902: 11893: 11886: 11879: 11872: 11865:Economic policy 11859: 11852: 11845: 11838: 11831: 11824: 11817: 11808: 11801: 11794: 11787: 11780: 11773: 11766: 11759: 11752: 11745: 11738: 11731: 11724: 11717: 11708: 11701: 11692: 11685: 11676: 11669: 11662: 11655: 11648: 11641: 11636:Cannabis policy 11634: 11627: 11618: 11611: 11604: 11597: 11590:Domestic policy 11584: 11577: 11570: 11561: 11554: 11547: 11540: 11531: 11524: 11517: 11510: 11503: 11496: 11489: 11482: 11475: 11466: 11459: 11452: 11445: 11438: 11431: 11424: 11415: 11408: 11399: 11392: 11385: 11378: 11371: 11362: 11355: 11348: 11343:Reagan Doctrine 11341: 11324: 11317: 11310: 11303: 11296: 11289: 11282: 11275: 11267: 11259: 11251: 11238: 11229: 11222: 11215: 11210:Opinion polling 11208: 11201: 11196:Bush transition 11194: 11187: 11178: 11171: 11164: 11157: 11150: 11143: 11132: 11125: 11112: 11106: 11076: 11041: 11034:right-wingers." 11012: 11007: 11001: 10946: 10930:Reeves, Richard 10904: 10809: 10763: 10757: 10755:Further reading 10752: 10746: 10722: 10720: 10704: 10683: 10675:. Times Books. 10664: 10645: 10615: 10594: 10572: 10549: 10499: 10475: 10451: 10421: 10416: 10406: 10404: 10399: 10398: 10394: 10384: 10382: 10370: 10366: 10359: 10343: 10339: 10328: 10324: 10316: 10312: 10304: 10300: 10283: 10279: 10245: 10241: 10231: 10229: 10220: 10219: 10215: 10207: 10203: 10195: 10191: 10183: 10179: 10171: 10167: 10157: 10155: 10150:Gilman, Larry. 10148: 10144: 10136: 10132: 10122: 10120: 10105: 10101: 10093: 10089: 10081: 10077: 10067: 10065: 10061: 10050: 10044: 10040: 10030: 10028: 10024: 10023: 10019: 10011: 10007: 9999: 9995: 9987: 9983: 9974: 9970: 9960: 9958: 9953: 9952: 9948: 9940: 9936: 9926: 9924: 9919: 9918: 9914: 9906: 9899: 9891: 9887: 9876: 9872: 9862: 9860: 9848: 9844: 9836: 9832: 9822: 9820: 9819:on May 17, 2008 9811: 9810: 9806: 9796: 9794: 9789: 9788: 9781: 9773: 9769: 9759: 9757: 9748: 9747: 9743: 9733: 9731: 9722: 9721: 9717: 9707: 9705: 9698:National Review 9692: 9691: 9687: 9679: 9675: 9667: 9663: 9655: 9651: 9643: 9639: 9620: 9616: 9606: 9604: 9595: 9594: 9590: 9580: 9578: 9566: 9562: 9552: 9550: 9538: 9534: 9518: 9517: 9510: 9508: 9498: 9494: 9478: 9477: 9470: 9468: 9458: 9454: 9444: 9442: 9427: 9423: 9413: 9411: 9399: 9395: 9385: 9383: 9371: 9367: 9362: 9358: 9353: 9349: 9339: 9337: 9332: 9331: 9327: 9290: 9286: 9276: 9274: 9262: 9258: 9248: 9246: 9237: 9236: 9232: 9222: 9220: 9208: 9204: 9194: 9192: 9182: 9178: 9168: 9166: 9158: 9157: 9153: 9143: 9141: 9129: 9125: 9115: 9113: 9103: 9096: 9092:(July 11, 1991) 9084:news.google.com 9078: 9076: 9072: 9062: 9060: 9053: 9049: 9042:news.google.com 9036: 9035: 9031: 9021: 9019: 9008: 9004: 8999:Wayback Machine 8991: 8987: 8977: 8975: 8970: 8969: 8965: 8957: 8953: 8943: 8941: 8940:. June 28, 2016 8932: 8931: 8927: 8917: 8915: 8906: 8905: 8896: 8892:, p. 2102. 8888: 8884: 8874: 8872: 8855: 8851: 8843: 8839: 8831: 8827: 8819: 8815: 8807: 8803: 8795: 8791: 8783: 8779: 8771: 8767: 8759: 8755: 8742: 8738: 8730: 8726: 8716: 8714: 8700: 8696: 8683: 8679: 8668: 8664: 8655: 8651: 8641: 8639: 8630: 8629: 8625: 8617: 8613: 8605: 8601: 8591: 8589: 8572: 8568: 8560: 8556: 8548: 8544: 8536: 8532: 8524: 8520: 8512: 8508: 8500: 8496: 8488: 8481: 8473: 8469: 8461: 8457: 8449: 8445: 8437: 8433: 8425: 8421: 8414: 8398: 8394: 8386: 8382: 8374: 8370: 8363: 8349: 8345: 8335: 8333: 8323: 8319: 8311: 8302: 8294: 8290: 8281: 8277: 8269: 8265: 8257: 8253: 8245: 8241: 8233: 8229: 8221: 8217: 8209: 8205: 8197: 8193: 8185: 8178: 8170: 8166: 8158: 8154: 8146: 8142: 8133: 8132: 8128: 8121: 8113:. Crown Forum. 8104: 8100: 8081: 8077: 8067: 8065: 8053: 8049: 8041: 8037: 8029: 8025: 8017: 8013: 7998: 7994: 7984: 7982: 7974: 7973: 7969: 7959: 7957: 7949: 7948: 7941: 7931: 7929: 7928:. April 2, 2018 7920: 7919: 7915: 7905: 7903: 7895: 7894: 7890: 7880: 7878: 7873: 7872: 7868: 7858: 7856: 7848: 7847: 7843: 7833: 7831: 7822: 7821: 7817: 7786: 7782: 7775: 7759: 7755: 7747: 7740: 7724:Foreign Affairs 7715: 7711: 7703: 7699: 7691: 7687: 7679: 7675: 7667: 7663: 7655: 7651: 7643: 7639: 7631: 7627: 7618: 7614: 7606: 7602: 7594: 7590: 7586:, pp. 205. 7582: 7578: 7570: 7566: 7558: 7554: 7544: 7542: 7533: 7532: 7528: 7518: 7516: 7509: 7505: 7495: 7493: 7484: 7483: 7479: 7469: 7467: 7460: 7456: 7446: 7444: 7437: 7433: 7424: 7420: 7411: 7407: 7398: 7394: 7385: 7381: 7372: 7368: 7361: 7345: 7341: 7333: 7329: 7321: 7317: 7309: 7305: 7297: 7293: 7286: 7270: 7266: 7258: 7254: 7246: 7242: 7234: 7230: 7220: 7218: 7206: 7202: 7192: 7190: 7172: 7168: 7159: 7155: 7145: 7143: 7135: 7134: 7130: 7120: 7118: 7114:Engel v. Vitale 7110: 7109: 7105: 7098: 7082: 7075: 7062: 7061: 7057: 7049: 7045: 7035: 7033: 7021: 7014: 7004: 7002: 6992:Maxwell, Mark. 6990: 6986: 6975: 6971: 6961: 6959: 6951: 6950: 6946: 6936: 6934: 6929: 6928: 6924: 6914: 6912: 6900: 6896: 6888: 6884: 6874: 6872: 6867: 6866: 6857: 6849: 6845: 6835: 6833: 6826: 6819: 6805: 6803: 6798: 6797: 6793: 6783: 6781: 6774: 6770: 6760: 6758: 6753: 6752: 6748: 6738: 6736: 6731: 6730: 6726: 6720:Wayback Machine 6710: 6706: 6696: 6694: 6682: 6675: 6667: 6663: 6655: 6651: 6643: 6639: 6634: 6630: 6622: 6618: 6608: 6606: 6599: 6595: 6587: 6580: 6572: 6568: 6560: 6556: 6548: 6544: 6539: 6532: 6513: 6509: 6501: 6494: 6486: 6482: 6474: 6470: 6462: 6455: 6447: 6443: 6438: 6431: 6421: 6419: 6410: 6409: 6405: 6397: 6393: 6385: 6381: 6371: 6369: 6362: 6358: 6350: 6346: 6338: 6334: 6326: 6322: 6314: 6310: 6302: 6298: 6288: 6286: 6274: 6270: 6260: 6258: 6257:on May 17, 2008 6249: 6248: 6244: 6236: 6232: 6224: 6220: 6212: 6208: 6200: 6196: 6188: 6184: 6176: 6172: 6164: 6157: 6149: 6145: 6137: 6133: 6125: 6121: 6111: 6109: 6098: 6097: 6093: 6083: 6081: 6070: 6069: 6065: 6055: 6053: 6042: 6041: 6037: 6032: 6028: 6019: 6015: 6007: 6003: 5996: 5976: 5972: 5961: 5957: 5949: 5945: 5937: 5933: 5914: 5910: 5902: 5898: 5890: 5883: 5875: 5871: 5863: 5859: 5851: 5847: 5839: 5835: 5827: 5820: 5812: 5805: 5800: 5796: 5788: 5784: 5779: 5770: 5762: 5758: 5750: 5746: 5738: 5734: 5726: 5722: 5715: 5699: 5695: 5688: 5665: 5661: 5649: 5645: 5637: 5633: 5625: 5621: 5611: 5609: 5602: 5598: 5583: 5579: 5569: 5567: 5565:National Review 5557: 5553: 5543: 5541: 5536: 5535: 5531: 5523: 5516: 5508: 5504: 5494: 5492: 5480: 5476: 5466: 5464: 5456: 5455: 5444: 5434: 5432: 5419: 5410: 5402: 5398: 5389: 5385: 5377: 5373: 5365: 5361: 5353: 5349: 5341: 5337: 5329: 5325: 5317: 5313: 5305: 5301: 5293: 5289: 5280: 5276: 5263: 5259: 5251: 5247: 5239: 5235: 5227: 5223: 5215: 5211: 5203: 5199: 5189: 5187: 5183:Schulte, Bret. 5181: 5177: 5169: 5165: 5157: 5153: 5145: 5141: 5133: 5129: 5125:, pp. 4–7. 5121: 5117: 5108: 5104: 5096: 5092: 5083: 5079: 5067: 5063: 5057:Rightward bound 5054: 5050: 5041: 5037: 5028: 5024: 5015: 5011: 5007: 5002: 4997: 4996: 4990: 4981: 4976: 4947: 4942: 4940: 4935:Politics portal 4933: 4926: 4919: 4914: 4912: 4905: 4898: 4895: 4816: 4773:Michael Dukakis 4717:Michael Dukakis 4705: 4687: 4681: 4457:Senate leaders 4447: 4441: 4357: 4343: 4335:Main articles: 4333: 4316: 4310: 4214: 4158: 4118: 4059: 4002:Leonid Brezhnev 3998:Muammar Gaddafi 3974: 3968: 3960:Powell Doctrine 3898: 3881: 3848: 3842: 3792: 3696: 3690: 3647:John Poindexter 3587: 3581: 3575: 3542: 3487:Eugenia Charles 3479: 3473: 3384:Reagan Doctrine 3368: 3362: 3360:Reagan Doctrine 3356: 3354:Reagan Doctrine 3312: 3302:". Unlike the " 3272:cruise missiles 3252:Soviet invasion 3217: 3211: 3206: 3200: 3198:Foreign affairs 3160: 3136: 3119:C. Everett Koop 3075:federal holiday 3051:Engel v. Vitale 3045:Barry Goldwater 3006: 2913: 2880: 2874: 2866:Credit Mobilier 2848: 2796: 2754: 2721:Federal Reserve 2709: 2681: 2655:Social Security 2403: 2393: 2382: 2373: 2325: 2249:Calvin Coolidge 2243:philosophy and 2237:, advocating a 2227: 2222: 2216: 2208: 2202: 2150: 2144: 2120: 2110: 2102:Anthony Kennedy 2075:Harlan F. Stone 2042:Christian right 2007: 2001: 1996: 1869:1985–1989 1859:1981–1985 1840:1985–1989 1828:1981–1985 1809:1985–1989 1805:Clayton Yeutter 1797:1981–1985 1778:1987–1989 1766:1981–1987 1747:1988–1989 1735:1985–1988 1723:1981–1985 1713: 1702:1988–1989 1690:1985–1988 1686:William Bennett 1678:1981–1984 1659:1985–1989 1647:1982–1985 1643:Donald P. Hodel 1635:1981–1982 1616:1987–1989 1604:1983–1987 1592:1981–1983 1573:1981–1989 1563: 1552:1985–1989 1540:1983–1985 1528:1981–1983 1518: 1507:1987–1989 1495:1985–1987 1483:1981–1985 1464:1987–1989 1452:1981–1987 1433:1986–1989 1421:1981–1986 1402:1985–1989 1398:Donald P. Hodel 1390:1983–1985 1378:1981–1983 1359:1988–1989 1355:Dick Thornburgh 1347:1985–1988 1335:1981–1985 1316:1987–1989 1304:1981–1987 1285:1988–1989 1273:1985–1988 1261:1981–1985 1242:1982–1989 1230:1981–1982 1211:1981–1989 1192:1981–1989 1157: 1156: 1155: 1154: 1153: 1150: 1142: 1141: 1138: 1127: 1121: 1081:Social Security 994: 980: 972:Main articles: 970: 943:religious right 926: 916: 911: 831:Reagan Doctrine 699: 661: 658: 651: 650: 649: 620: 614: 613: 612: 517: 511: 510: 509: 468: 464: 463: 462: 451:Reagan Doctrine 429: 423: 422: 421: 377: 371: 370: 369: 326: 322: 321: 320: 289: 285: 284: 283: 217: 213: 199: 197: 196: 195: 192: 190: 166:Library website 164: 163: 158: 157: 152: 151: 138: 137: 136: 130: 106: 62: 57: 55: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 16073: 16063: 16062: 16057: 16052: 16047: 16042: 16037: 16032: 16027: 16022: 16017: 16012: 16007: 15990: 15989: 15987: 15986: 15981: 15976: 15971: 15966: 15961: 15955: 15953: 15949: 15948: 15945: 15944: 15942: 15941: 15936: 15931: 15929:Liberty Caucus 15926: 15924:ConservAmerica 15921: 15916: 15911: 15906: 15900: 15898: 15892: 15891: 15889: 15888: 15883: 15878: 15873: 15868: 15863: 15858: 15853: 15848: 15843: 15842: 15841: 15830: 15828: 15822: 15821: 15819: 15818: 15813: 15808: 15803: 15798: 15792: 15790: 15784: 15783: 15781: 15780: 15779: 15778: 15773: 15768: 15763: 15761:Freedom Caucus 15753: 15752: 15751: 15741: 15740: 15739: 15734: 15721: 15719: 15712: 15704: 15703: 15700: 15699: 15697: 15696: 15694:Virgin Islands 15691: 15686: 15681: 15676: 15671: 15669:American Samoa 15665: 15663: 15659: 15658: 15656: 15655: 15650: 15645: 15640: 15635: 15630: 15625: 15620: 15615: 15610: 15605: 15603:South Carolina 15600: 15595: 15590: 15585: 15580: 15575: 15570: 15568:North Carolina 15565: 15560: 15555: 15550: 15545: 15540: 15535: 15530: 15525: 15520: 15515: 15510: 15505: 15500: 15495: 15490: 15485: 15480: 15475: 15470: 15465: 15460: 15455: 15450: 15445: 15440: 15435: 15430: 15425: 15420: 15415: 15410: 15404: 15402: 15395: 15384: 15383: 15380: 15379: 15377: 15376: 15371: 15366: 15361: 15356: 15351: 15346: 15341: 15336: 15330: 15328: 15324: 15323: 15321: 15320: 15315: 15310: 15305: 15300: 15295: 15286: 15281: 15276: 15271: 15266: 15261: 15256: 15251: 15246: 15241: 15236: 15227: 15222: 15217: 15212: 15207: 15202: 15197: 15192: 15187: 15182: 15177: 15172: 15167: 15162: 15157: 15152: 15147: 15142: 15137: 15132: 15127: 15122: 15117: 15112: 15107: 15102: 15097: 15092: 15087: 15082: 15077: 15072: 15067: 15062: 15057: 15052: 15047: 15042: 15037: 15032: 15027: 15022: 15017: 15012: 15007: 15002: 14997: 14992: 14987: 14982: 14977: 14972: 14967: 14961: 14959: 14952: 14946: 14945: 14943: 14942: 14936: 14930: 14924: 14918: 14912: 14906: 14900: 14894: 14888: 14882: 14876: 14870: 14864: 14858: 14852: 14846: 14840: 14834: 14828: 14822: 14816: 14810: 14804: 14798: 14792: 14786: 14780: 14774: 14768: 14761: 14759: 14737: 14736: 14734: 14733: 14727: 14721: 14715: 14709: 14703: 14697: 14691: 14685: 14679: 14673: 14667: 14661: 14655: 14649: 14643: 14637: 14631: 14625: 14619: 14613: 14607: 14601: 14595: 14589: 14583: 14577: 14571: 14565: 14558: 14556: 14540: 14539: 14537: 14536: 14530: 14524: 14518: 14512: 14506: 14500: 14494: 14488: 14482: 14476: 14470: 14464: 14458: 14452: 14446: 14440: 14434: 14428: 14422: 14415: 14413: 14403: 14402: 14400: 14399: 14396:2028 (Houston) 14392: 14391: 14390: 14372: 14371: 14370: 14352: 14351: 14350: 14332: 14331: 14330: 14312: 14311: 14310: 14292: 14291: 14290: 14272: 14271: 14270: 14252: 14251: 14250: 14232: 14231: 14230: 14215:1992 (Houston) 14212: 14211: 14210: 14192: 14191: 14190: 14172: 14171: 14170: 14155:1980 (Detroit) 14152: 14151: 14150: 14132: 14131: 14130: 14112: 14111: 14110: 14092: 14091: 14090: 14072: 14071: 14070: 14055:1960 (Chicago) 14052: 14051: 14050: 14032: 14031: 14030: 14015:1952 (Chicago) 14012: 14011: 14010: 13992: 13991: 13990: 13975:1944 (Chicago) 13972: 13971: 13970: 13952: 13951: 13950: 13932: 13931: 13930: 13915:1932 (Chicago) 13912: 13911: 13910: 13892: 13891: 13890: 13872: 13871: 13870: 13855:1920 (Chicago) 13852: 13851: 13850: 13835:1916 (Chicago) 13832: 13831: 13830: 13811:1912 (Chicago) 13808: 13798:1908 (Chicago) 13795: 13785:1904 (Chicago) 13782: 13769: 13756: 13743: 13733:1888 (Chicago) 13730: 13720:1884 (Chicago) 13717: 13707:1880 (Chicago) 13704: 13691: 13678: 13668:1868 (Chicago) 13665: 13652: 13642:1860 (Chicago) 13639: 13625: 13623: 13599: 13598: 13596: 13595: 13594: 13593: 13588: 13583: 13578: 13573: 13562: 13559: 13558: 13549: 13548: 13541: 13534: 13526: 13517: 13516: 13514: 13513: 13503: 13492: 13489: 13488: 13486: 13485: 13480: 13475: 13470: 13465: 13460: 13455: 13450: 13445: 13440: 13435: 13430: 13425: 13420: 13415: 13410: 13405: 13400: 13395: 13390: 13385: 13380: 13375: 13369: 13367: 13361: 13360: 13356: 13355: 13345: 13335: 13325: 13318:George W. Bush 13315: 13305: 13295: 13285: 13275: 13265: 13255: 13245: 13235: 13225: 13215: 13205: 13198:Herbert Hoover 13195: 13185: 13175: 13168:Woodrow Wilson 13165: 13155: 13145: 13135: 13125: 13115: 13105: 13095: 13085: 13075: 13065: 13058:Andrew Johnson 13055: 13045: 13038:James Buchanan 13035: 13025: 13015: 13008:Zachary Taylor 13005: 12995: 12985: 12975: 12965: 12958:Andrew Jackson 12955: 12945: 12935: 12925: 12915: 12905: 12894: 12893: 12892: 12890: 12887:Presidents and 12884: 12883: 12876: 12875: 12868: 12861: 12853: 12844: 12843: 12841: 12840: 12827: 12826: 12819: 12811: 12808: 12807: 12805: 12804: 12798: 12792: 12786: 12780: 12774: 12768: 12765:Michael Reagan 12762: 12759:Maureen Reagan 12756: 12750: 12743: 12741: 12735: 12734: 12732: 12731: 12726: 12725: 12724: 12719: 12714: 12709: 12704: 12695: 12684: 12682: 12678: 12677: 12675: 12674: 12669: 12661: 12653: 12645: 12641:Killing Reagan 12637: 12633:Killing Reagan 12629: 12621: 12613: 12605: 12597: 12589: 12581: 12575: 12574: 12573: 12560: 12552: 12547:Spitting Image 12543: 12535: 12528: 12523: 12522: 12521: 12510: 12504: 12502: 12494: 12493: 12490: 12489: 12487: 12486: 12485: 12484: 12479: 12474: 12469: 12464: 12459: 12449: 12448: 12447: 12442: 12437: 12432: 12427: 12422: 12417: 12407: 12406: 12405: 12400: 12389: 12387: 12383: 12382: 12380: 12379: 12374: 12368: 12366: 12359: 12353: 12352: 12350: 12349: 12342: 12334: 12332: 12326: 12325: 12323: 12322: 12317: 12312: 12307: 12302: 12297: 12292: 12291: 12290: 12284: 12278: 12265: 12260: 12255: 12254: 12253: 12248: 12238: 12233: 12228: 12223: 12218: 12213: 12208: 12203: 12197: 12195: 12189: 12188: 12186: 12185: 12177: 12168: 12165: 12164: 12157: 12156: 12149: 12142: 12134: 12125: 12124: 12122: 12121: 12112: 12102: 12099: 12098: 12096: 12095: 12088: 12081: 12074: 12067: 12060: 12059: 12058: 12051: 12044: 12037: 12030: 12023: 12009: 12002: 11995: 11994: 11993: 11979: 11972: 11965: 11958: 11957: 11956: 11949: 11935: 11928: 11921: 11914: 11907: 11900: 11899: 11898: 11891: 11877: 11869: 11867: 11861: 11860: 11858: 11857: 11850: 11843: 11836: 11829: 11822: 11815: 11814: 11813: 11799: 11792: 11785: 11778: 11771: 11764: 11757: 11750: 11743: 11736: 11729: 11722: 11715: 11714: 11713: 11699: 11698: 11697: 11683: 11682: 11681: 11674: 11667: 11653: 11646: 11639: 11632: 11625: 11624: 11623: 11609: 11602: 11594: 11592: 11586: 11585: 11583: 11582: 11575: 11568: 11567: 11566: 11559: 11545: 11538: 11537: 11536: 11529: 11522: 11508: 11501: 11494: 11487: 11480: 11473: 11464: 11457: 11450: 11443: 11436: 11429: 11422: 11421: 11420: 11413: 11406: 11405: 11404: 11390: 11383: 11369: 11368: 11367: 11360: 11346: 11338: 11336: 11334:Foreign policy 11330: 11329: 11326: 11325: 11323: 11322: 11315: 11308: 11301: 11294: 11287: 11280: 11273: 11265: 11257: 11248: 11246: 11237: 11236: 11235: 11234: 11227: 11213: 11206: 11199: 11192: 11185: 11184: 11183: 11176: 11162: 11155: 11148: 11141: 11130: 11122: 11120: 11114: 11113: 11105: 11104: 11097: 11090: 11082: 11059: 11058: 11052: 11047: 11045:Reagan Library 11040: 11039:External links 11037: 11036: 11035: 11025:Kengor, Paul. 11023: 11011: 11010:Historiography 11008: 11006: 11005: 10999: 10982: 10973: 10966: 10959: 10950: 10944: 10926: 10908: 10902: 10887: 10877: 10862: 10861: 10851: 10841: 10834: 10827: 10826:(3rd ed. 2002) 10820: 10815:Ehrman, John. 10813: 10807: 10790: 10783: 10774: 10764: 10759:Main article: 10756: 10753: 10751: 10750: 10744: 10729: 10708: 10702: 10687: 10681: 10668: 10662: 10649: 10643: 10628: 10619: 10614:978-0195122169 10613: 10598: 10592: 10576: 10570: 10553: 10547: 10532: 10514:(4): 555–574. 10503: 10497: 10479: 10473: 10455: 10449: 10432: 10422: 10420: 10417: 10415: 10414: 10392: 10364: 10357: 10337: 10322: 10310: 10298: 10277: 10258:(3): 933–934. 10239: 10213: 10211:, p. 151. 10209:Pemberton 1997 10201: 10199:, p. 349. 10189: 10185:Patterson 2005 10177: 10175:, p. 202. 10173:Patterson 2005 10165: 10142: 10140:, p. 158. 10138:Patterson 2005 10130: 10099: 10097:, p. 128. 10087: 10085:, p. 293. 10075: 10038: 10017: 10015:, p. 746. 10005: 10003:, p. 324. 10001:Beschloss 2007 9993: 9981: 9968: 9946: 9944:, p. 217. 9942:Patterson 2005 9934: 9912: 9908:Patterson 2005 9897: 9885: 9870: 9842: 9830: 9804: 9779: 9777:, p. 173. 9767: 9741: 9715: 9685: 9673: 9661: 9649: 9637: 9614: 9588: 9560: 9532: 9492: 9452: 9421: 9393: 9365: 9356: 9347: 9325: 9304:(7): 704–707. 9284: 9256: 9230: 9202: 9176: 9151: 9123: 9094: 9077:George Gedda, 9070: 9047: 9029: 9002: 8985: 8963: 8951: 8925: 8894: 8882: 8849: 8845:Patterson 2005 8837: 8835:, p. 875. 8825: 8813: 8801: 8789: 8777: 8765: 8763:, p. 255. 8753: 8749:New York Times 8736: 8734:, p. 249. 8724: 8694: 8677: 8662: 8649: 8623: 8611: 8609:, p. 713. 8599: 8566: 8554: 8552:, p. 216. 8550:Patterson 2005 8542: 8530: 8528:, p. 236. 8518: 8506: 8494: 8492:, p. 215. 8490:Patterson 2005 8479: 8467: 8455: 8451:Patterson 2005 8443: 8431: 8419: 8412: 8392: 8380: 8368: 8361: 8343: 8317: 8315:, p. 894. 8300: 8296:Patterson 2005 8288: 8275: 8263: 8251: 8239: 8227: 8215: 8211:Patterson 2005 8203: 8199:Patterson 2005 8191: 8176: 8172:Patterson 2005 8164: 8152: 8148:Patterson 2005 8140: 8126: 8119: 8098: 8075: 8047: 8043:Patterson 2005 8035: 8023: 8011: 7992: 7980:Democracy Now! 7967: 7939: 7913: 7888: 7877:. June 9, 2004 7866: 7854:Democracy Now! 7841: 7815: 7780: 7773: 7753: 7738: 7709: 7697: 7685: 7673: 7661: 7649: 7647:, p. 293. 7645:Beschloss 2007 7637: 7625: 7612: 7600: 7588: 7584:Patterson 2005 7576: 7574:, p. 200. 7572:Patterson 2005 7564: 7552: 7526: 7503: 7477: 7454: 7443:. Ars Technica 7431: 7425:Daynes, B. W. 7418: 7405: 7399:Daynes, B. W. 7392: 7379: 7366: 7359: 7339: 7335:Patterson 2005 7327: 7315: 7303: 7291: 7284: 7264: 7252: 7240: 7238:, p. 171. 7236:Patterson 2005 7228: 7200: 7166: 7153: 7128: 7103: 7096: 7073: 7055: 7043: 7012: 6984: 6969: 6944: 6922: 6894: 6892:, p. 124. 6882: 6855: 6843: 6817: 6791: 6768: 6746: 6724: 6704: 6673: 6661: 6649: 6637: 6628: 6626:, p. 175. 6624:Patterson 2005 6616: 6593: 6578: 6576:, p. 170. 6574:Patterson 2005 6566: 6554: 6542: 6530: 6507: 6492: 6490:, p. 145. 6480: 6476:Patterson 2005 6468: 6453: 6441: 6429: 6403: 6391: 6379: 6356: 6352:Patterson 2005 6344: 6332: 6320: 6308: 6296: 6268: 6242: 6230: 6218: 6206: 6204:, p. 165. 6202:Patterson 2005 6194: 6182: 6170: 6155: 6143: 6131: 6119: 6105:whitehouse.gov 6091: 6077:whitehouse.gov 6063: 6049:whitehouse.gov 6035: 6026: 6013: 6011:, p. 166. 6009:Patterson 2005 6001: 5994: 5970: 5955: 5943: 5931: 5908: 5896: 5892:Patterson 2005 5881: 5869: 5857: 5845: 5833: 5831:, p. 157. 5829:Patterson 2005 5818: 5803: 5794: 5782: 5768: 5756: 5752:Patterson 2005 5744: 5732: 5720: 5713: 5693: 5687:978-0197519646 5686: 5659: 5643: 5631: 5619: 5596: 5577: 5551: 5529: 5527:, p. 178. 5514: 5502: 5474: 5462:www.senate.gov 5442: 5422:Biskupic, Joan 5408: 5396: 5383: 5371: 5359: 5347: 5335: 5323: 5311: 5299: 5287: 5274: 5257: 5245: 5233: 5221: 5217:Patterson 2005 5209: 5197: 5175: 5163: 5151: 5139: 5127: 5115: 5102: 5090: 5077: 5061: 5048: 5035: 5029:Andrew Busch, 5022: 5008: 5006: 5003: 5001: 4998: 4995: 4994: 4978: 4977: 4975: 4972: 4971: 4970: 4964: 4959: 4953: 4952: 4938: 4924: 4910: 4894: 4891: 4815: 4812: 4743:with his wife 4735:with his wife 4683:Main article: 4680: 4677: 4670: 4669: 4664: 4657: 4652: 4645: 4640: 4634: 4633: 4628: 4621: 4616: 4609: 4604: 4598: 4597: 4592: 4585: 4580: 4573: 4568: 4562: 4561: 4556: 4549: 4544: 4537: 4532: 4526: 4525: 4520: 4513: 4508: 4501: 4496: 4490: 4489: 4484: 4479: 4474: 4469: 4466: 4462: 4461: 4460:House leaders 4458: 4455: 4443:Main article: 4440: 4437: 4399:Congresswoman 4385:Walter Mondale 4365:Walter Mondale 4332: 4329: 4321:1930 elections 4312:Main article: 4309: 4306: 4303: 4302: 4299: 4296: 4290: 4289: 4286: 4283: 4277: 4276: 4273: 4268: 4262: 4261: 4258: 4253: 4247: 4246: 4243: 4238: 4232: 4231: 4228: 4225: 4213: 4210: 4180:25th Amendment 4157: 4156:Age and health 4154: 4142:Brian Mulroney 4117: 4114: 4110:F. W. de Klerk 4058: 4055: 3970:Main article: 3967: 3964: 3897: 3894: 3880: 3877: 3844:Main article: 3841: 3838: 3728:Soviet economy 3712:Soviet leaders 3689: 3686: 3663:Lawrence Walsh 3577:Main article: 3574: 3571: 3558:invade Grenada 3550:Maurice Bishop 3548:government of 3541: 3538: 3472: 3469: 3432:anti-communist 3358:Main article: 3355: 3352: 3344:99 Luftballons 3311: 3308: 3210: 3207: 3202:Main article: 3199: 3196: 3159: 3156: 3135: 3132: 3087:states' rights 3041:Lowell Weicker 3024:and an end to 3005: 3002: 2948:crack epidemic 2912: 2909: 2889:Romano Mazzoli 2873: 2870: 2847: 2844: 2832:surface mining 2795: 2792: 2753: 2750: 2738:Alan Greenspan 2708: 2705: 2680: 2677: 2648:New Federalism 2597: 2596: 2594: 2592: 2590: 2586: 2585: 2582: 2579: 2576: 2573: 2570: 2566: 2565: 2562: 2559: 2556: 2553: 2550: 2546: 2545: 2542: 2539: 2536: 2533: 2530: 2526: 2525: 2522: 2519: 2516: 2513: 2510: 2506: 2505: 2502: 2499: 2496: 2493: 2490: 2486: 2485: 2482: 2479: 2476: 2473: 2470: 2466: 2465: 2462: 2459: 2456: 2453: 2450: 2446: 2445: 2442: 2439: 2436: 2433: 2430: 2426: 2425: 2422: 2419: 2416: 2413: 2410: 2406: 2405: 2400: 2395: 2390: 2387: 2384: 2372: 2369: 2324: 2323:Later tax acts 2321: 2307:, and cut the 2226: 2223: 2218:Main article: 2215: 2212: 2204:Main article: 2201: 2198: 2190:Donald Trump's 2146:Main article: 2143: 2140: 2109: 2106: 2079:Antonin Scalia 2038:Potter Stewart 2003:Main article: 2000: 1997: 1995: 1992: 1927:David Stockman 1911:Alexander Haig 1900:Richard Darman 1888:Michael Deaver 1881:chief of staff 1875:Reagan tapped 1871: 1870: 1867: 1863: 1861: 1860: 1857: 1852: 1846: 1845: 1842: 1841: 1838: 1832: 1830: 1829: 1826: 1821: 1815: 1814: 1811: 1810: 1807: 1801: 1799: 1798: 1795: 1790: 1784: 1783: 1780: 1779: 1776: 1770: 1768: 1767: 1764: 1759: 1753: 1752: 1749: 1748: 1745: 1739: 1737: 1736: 1733: 1727: 1725: 1724: 1721: 1719:David Stockman 1716: 1708: 1707: 1704: 1703: 1700: 1694: 1692: 1691: 1688: 1682: 1680: 1679: 1676: 1671: 1665: 1664: 1661: 1660: 1657: 1651: 1649: 1648: 1645: 1639: 1637: 1636: 1633: 1628: 1622: 1621: 1618: 1617: 1614: 1608: 1606: 1605: 1602: 1600:Elizabeth Dole 1596: 1594: 1593: 1590: 1585: 1579: 1578: 1575: 1574: 1571: 1566: 1558: 1557: 1554: 1553: 1550: 1544: 1542: 1541: 1538: 1532: 1530: 1529: 1526: 1521: 1519:Human Services 1513: 1512: 1509: 1508: 1505: 1499: 1497: 1496: 1493: 1487: 1485: 1484: 1481: 1476: 1470: 1469: 1466: 1465: 1462: 1456: 1454: 1453: 1450: 1445: 1439: 1438: 1435: 1434: 1431: 1425: 1423: 1422: 1419: 1414: 1408: 1407: 1404: 1403: 1400: 1394: 1392: 1391: 1388: 1382: 1380: 1379: 1376: 1371: 1365: 1364: 1361: 1360: 1357: 1351: 1349: 1348: 1345: 1339: 1337: 1336: 1333: 1328: 1322: 1321: 1318: 1317: 1314: 1312:Frank Carlucci 1308: 1306: 1305: 1302: 1297: 1291: 1290: 1287: 1286: 1283: 1277: 1275: 1274: 1271: 1265: 1263: 1262: 1259: 1254: 1248: 1247: 1244: 1243: 1240: 1234: 1232: 1231: 1228: 1226:Alexander Haig 1223: 1217: 1216: 1213: 1212: 1209: 1204: 1202:Vice President 1198: 1197: 1194: 1193: 1190: 1185: 1179: 1178: 1175: 1174: 1171: 1168: 1164: 1163: 1151: 1144: 1143: 1139: 1132: 1131: 1130: 1129: 1128: 1120: 1119:Administration 1117: 969: 966: 915: 912: 910: 907: 827:anti-communist 823:foreign policy 812:federal judges 759:, who won the 753:Walter Mondale 701: 700: 698: 697: 690: 683: 675: 672: 671: 652: 648: 647: 642: 637: 632: 630:States' rights 627: 621: 616: 615: 611: 610: 609: 608: 603: 598: 593: 583: 582: 581: 576: 571: 566: 561: 551: 550: 549: 544: 534: 533: 532: 527: 518: 513: 512: 508: 507: 506: 505: 500: 495: 490: 485: 480: 473:Federal judges 469: 466: 465: 461: 460: 459: 458: 453: 443: 442: 441: 430: 425: 424: 420: 419: 414: 409: 404: 399: 394: 389: 384: 378: 373: 372: 368: 367: 362: 361: 360: 355: 345: 340: 339: 338: 327: 324: 323: 319: 318: 317: 316: 311: 301: 296: 290: 287: 286: 282: 281: 280: 279: 274: 269: 264: 256: 255: 254: 244: 239: 234: 229: 224: 218: 215: 214: 210: 209: 206: 205: 193:a series about 189: 187: 171: 170: 160: 159: 153: 145: 144: 143: 140: 139: 131: 125: 124: 123: 120: 119: 114: 108: 107: 105: 104: 99: 93: 91: 87: 86: 81: 77: 76: 69: 65: 64: 52: 51: 48: 47: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 16072: 16061: 16058: 16056: 16053: 16051: 16048: 16046: 16043: 16041: 16038: 16036: 16033: 16031: 16028: 16026: 16023: 16021: 16018: 16016: 16015:Ronald Reagan 16013: 16011: 16008: 16006: 16003: 16002: 16000: 15985: 15982: 15980: 15977: 15975: 15972: 15970: 15967: 15965: 15962: 15960: 15957: 15956: 15954: 15950: 15940: 15939:The Wish List 15937: 15935: 15934:Ripon Society 15932: 15930: 15927: 15925: 15922: 15920: 15917: 15915: 15912: 15910: 15907: 15905: 15902: 15901: 15899: 15893: 15887: 15884: 15882: 15879: 15877: 15874: 15872: 15869: 15867: 15864: 15862: 15859: 15857: 15854: 15852: 15849: 15847: 15844: 15840: 15837: 15836: 15835: 15832: 15831: 15829: 15823: 15817: 15814: 15812: 15809: 15807: 15804: 15802: 15799: 15797: 15794: 15793: 15791: 15785: 15777: 15774: 15772: 15769: 15767: 15764: 15762: 15759: 15758: 15757: 15754: 15750: 15747: 15746: 15745: 15742: 15738: 15735: 15733: 15732: 15728: 15727: 15726: 15723: 15722: 15720: 15716: 15713: 15711: 15710:organizations 15705: 15695: 15692: 15690: 15687: 15685: 15682: 15680: 15677: 15675: 15672: 15670: 15667: 15666: 15664: 15660: 15654: 15651: 15649: 15646: 15644: 15643:West Virginia 15641: 15639: 15636: 15634: 15631: 15629: 15626: 15624: 15621: 15619: 15616: 15614: 15611: 15609: 15606: 15604: 15601: 15599: 15596: 15594: 15591: 15589: 15586: 15584: 15581: 15579: 15576: 15574: 15571: 15569: 15566: 15564: 15561: 15559: 15556: 15554: 15551: 15549: 15548:New Hampshire 15546: 15544: 15541: 15539: 15536: 15534: 15531: 15529: 15526: 15524: 15521: 15519: 15516: 15514: 15511: 15509: 15508:Massachusetts 15506: 15504: 15501: 15499: 15496: 15494: 15491: 15489: 15486: 15484: 15481: 15479: 15476: 15474: 15471: 15469: 15466: 15464: 15461: 15459: 15456: 15454: 15451: 15449: 15446: 15444: 15441: 15439: 15436: 15434: 15431: 15429: 15426: 15424: 15421: 15419: 15416: 15414: 15411: 15409: 15406: 15405: 15403: 15399: 15396: 15389: 15385: 15375: 15372: 15370: 15367: 15365: 15362: 15360: 15357: 15355: 15352: 15350: 15347: 15345: 15342: 15340: 15337: 15335: 15332: 15331: 15329: 15325: 15319: 15316: 15314: 15311: 15309: 15306: 15304: 15301: 15299: 15296: 15294: 15290: 15287: 15285: 15282: 15280: 15277: 15275: 15272: 15270: 15267: 15265: 15262: 15260: 15257: 15255: 15252: 15250: 15247: 15245: 15242: 15240: 15237: 15235: 15231: 15228: 15226: 15223: 15221: 15218: 15216: 15213: 15211: 15208: 15206: 15203: 15201: 15198: 15196: 15193: 15191: 15188: 15186: 15183: 15181: 15178: 15176: 15173: 15171: 15168: 15166: 15163: 15161: 15158: 15156: 15153: 15151: 15148: 15146: 15143: 15141: 15138: 15136: 15133: 15131: 15128: 15126: 15123: 15121: 15118: 15116: 15113: 15111: 15108: 15106: 15103: 15101: 15098: 15096: 15093: 15091: 15088: 15086: 15083: 15081: 15078: 15076: 15073: 15071: 15068: 15066: 15063: 15061: 15058: 15056: 15053: 15051: 15048: 15046: 15043: 15041: 15038: 15036: 15033: 15031: 15028: 15026: 15023: 15021: 15018: 15016: 15013: 15011: 15008: 15006: 15003: 15001: 14998: 14996: 14993: 14991: 14988: 14986: 14983: 14981: 14978: 14976: 14973: 14971: 14968: 14966: 14963: 14962: 14960: 14956: 14953: 14951: 14947: 14940: 14937: 14934: 14931: 14928: 14925: 14922: 14919: 14916: 14913: 14910: 14907: 14904: 14901: 14898: 14895: 14892: 14889: 14886: 14883: 14880: 14877: 14874: 14871: 14868: 14865: 14862: 14859: 14856: 14853: 14850: 14847: 14844: 14841: 14838: 14835: 14832: 14829: 14826: 14823: 14820: 14817: 14814: 14811: 14808: 14805: 14802: 14799: 14796: 14793: 14790: 14787: 14784: 14781: 14778: 14775: 14772: 14769: 14766: 14763: 14762: 14760: 14758: 14749: 14744: 14738: 14731: 14728: 14725: 14722: 14719: 14716: 14713: 14710: 14707: 14704: 14701: 14698: 14695: 14692: 14689: 14686: 14683: 14680: 14677: 14674: 14671: 14668: 14665: 14662: 14659: 14656: 14653: 14650: 14647: 14644: 14641: 14638: 14635: 14632: 14629: 14626: 14623: 14620: 14617: 14614: 14611: 14608: 14605: 14602: 14599: 14596: 14593: 14590: 14587: 14584: 14581: 14578: 14575: 14572: 14569: 14566: 14563: 14560: 14559: 14557: 14555: 14547: 14541: 14534: 14531: 14528: 14525: 14522: 14521:G. H. W. Bush 14519: 14516: 14513: 14510: 14507: 14504: 14501: 14498: 14495: 14492: 14489: 14486: 14483: 14480: 14477: 14474: 14471: 14468: 14465: 14462: 14459: 14456: 14453: 14450: 14447: 14444: 14441: 14438: 14435: 14432: 14429: 14426: 14423: 14420: 14417: 14416: 14414: 14412: 14408: 14404: 14398: 14397: 14393: 14389: 14386: 14385: 14384: 14380: 14376: 14373: 14369: 14366: 14365: 14364: 14360: 14356: 14353: 14349: 14346: 14345: 14344: 14340: 14336: 14333: 14329: 14326: 14325: 14324: 14320: 14316: 14313: 14309: 14306: 14305: 14304: 14300: 14296: 14293: 14289: 14286: 14285: 14284: 14280: 14276: 14273: 14269: 14266: 14265: 14264: 14260: 14256: 14253: 14249: 14246: 14245: 14244: 14240: 14236: 14233: 14229: 14226: 14225: 14224: 14220: 14219:G. H. W. Bush 14216: 14213: 14209: 14206: 14205: 14204: 14200: 14199:G. H. W. Bush 14196: 14193: 14189: 14186: 14185: 14184: 14183:G. H. W. Bush 14180: 14176: 14175:1984 (Dallas) 14173: 14169: 14166: 14165: 14164: 14163:G. H. W. Bush 14160: 14156: 14153: 14149: 14146: 14145: 14144: 14140: 14136: 14133: 14129: 14126: 14125: 14124: 14120: 14116: 14113: 14109: 14106: 14105: 14104: 14100: 14096: 14093: 14089: 14086: 14085: 14084: 14080: 14076: 14073: 14069: 14066: 14065: 14064: 14060: 14056: 14053: 14049: 14046: 14045: 14044: 14040: 14036: 14033: 14029: 14026: 14025: 14024: 14020: 14016: 14013: 14009: 14006: 14005: 14004: 14000: 13996: 13993: 13989: 13986: 13985: 13984: 13980: 13976: 13973: 13969: 13966: 13965: 13964: 13960: 13956: 13953: 13949: 13946: 13945: 13944: 13940: 13936: 13933: 13929: 13926: 13925: 13924: 13920: 13916: 13913: 13909: 13906: 13905: 13904: 13900: 13896: 13893: 13889: 13886: 13885: 13884: 13880: 13876: 13873: 13869: 13866: 13865: 13864: 13860: 13856: 13853: 13849: 13846: 13845: 13844: 13840: 13836: 13833: 13829: 13826: 13825: 13824: 13820: 13816: 13812: 13809: 13807: 13803: 13799: 13796: 13794: 13790: 13786: 13783: 13781: 13777: 13773: 13770: 13768: 13764: 13760: 13757: 13755: 13751: 13747: 13744: 13742: 13738: 13734: 13731: 13729: 13725: 13721: 13718: 13716: 13712: 13708: 13705: 13703: 13699: 13695: 13692: 13690: 13686: 13682: 13679: 13677: 13673: 13669: 13666: 13664: 13660: 13656: 13653: 13651: 13647: 13643: 13640: 13638: 13634: 13630: 13627: 13626: 13624: 13622: 13613: 13606: 13600: 13592: 13589: 13587: 13584: 13582: 13579: 13577: 13574: 13572: 13569: 13568: 13567: 13564: 13563: 13560: 13556: 13547: 13542: 13540: 13535: 13533: 13528: 13527: 13524: 13512: 13504: 13502: 13494: 13493: 13490: 13484: 13481: 13479: 13476: 13474: 13471: 13469: 13466: 13464: 13461: 13459: 13458:G. H. W. Bush 13456: 13454: 13451: 13449: 13446: 13444: 13441: 13439: 13436: 13434: 13433:L. B. Johnson 13431: 13429: 13426: 13424: 13421: 13419: 13416: 13414: 13411: 13409: 13406: 13404: 13401: 13399: 13396: 13394: 13391: 13389: 13386: 13384: 13381: 13379: 13376: 13374: 13371: 13370: 13368: 13362: 13353: 13349: 13346: 13343: 13339: 13336: 13333: 13329: 13326: 13323: 13319: 13316: 13313: 13309: 13306: 13303: 13299: 13296: 13293: 13289: 13288:Ronald Reagan 13286: 13283: 13279: 13276: 13273: 13269: 13266: 13263: 13259: 13258:Richard Nixon 13256: 13253: 13249: 13246: 13243: 13239: 13236: 13233: 13229: 13226: 13223: 13219: 13216: 13213: 13209: 13206: 13203: 13199: 13196: 13193: 13189: 13186: 13183: 13179: 13176: 13173: 13169: 13166: 13163: 13159: 13156: 13153: 13149: 13146: 13143: 13139: 13136: 13133: 13129: 13126: 13123: 13119: 13116: 13113: 13109: 13106: 13103: 13099: 13096: 13093: 13089: 13086: 13083: 13079: 13076: 13073: 13069: 13066: 13063: 13059: 13056: 13053: 13049: 13046: 13043: 13039: 13036: 13033: 13029: 13026: 13023: 13019: 13016: 13013: 13009: 13006: 13003: 12999: 12998:James K. Polk 12996: 12993: 12989: 12986: 12983: 12979: 12976: 12973: 12969: 12966: 12963: 12959: 12956: 12953: 12949: 12946: 12943: 12939: 12936: 12933: 12929: 12928:James Madison 12926: 12923: 12919: 12916: 12913: 12909: 12906: 12903: 12899: 12896: 12895: 12891: 12885: 12881: 12874: 12869: 12867: 12862: 12860: 12855: 12854: 12851: 12839: 12838: 12829: 12828: 12825: 12824: 12820: 12818: 12817: 12813: 12812: 12809: 12802: 12799: 12796: 12793: 12790: 12787: 12784: 12781: 12778: 12775: 12772: 12769: 12767:(adopted son) 12766: 12763: 12760: 12757: 12755:(second wife) 12754: 12751: 12748: 12745: 12744: 12742: 12740: 12736: 12730: 12727: 12723: 12720: 12718: 12715: 12713: 12710: 12708: 12705: 12703: 12701: 12700:Ronald Reagan 12696: 12694: 12691: 12690: 12689: 12686: 12685: 12683: 12679: 12673: 12670: 12667: 12666: 12662: 12659: 12658: 12654: 12651: 12650: 12646: 12643: 12642: 12638: 12635: 12634: 12630: 12627: 12626: 12622: 12619: 12618: 12614: 12611: 12610: 12606: 12603: 12602: 12598: 12595: 12594: 12590: 12587: 12586: 12582: 12579: 12576: 12572: 12569: 12568: 12566: 12565: 12561: 12558: 12557: 12553: 12550: 12548: 12544: 12541: 12540: 12536: 12534: 12533: 12529: 12527: 12524: 12519: 12516: 12515: 12514: 12511: 12509: 12506: 12505: 12503: 12501: 12495: 12483: 12480: 12478: 12475: 12473: 12470: 12468: 12465: 12463: 12460: 12458: 12455: 12454: 12453: 12452:1984 campaign 12450: 12446: 12443: 12441: 12438: 12436: 12433: 12431: 12428: 12426: 12423: 12421: 12418: 12416: 12413: 12412: 12411: 12410:1980 campaign 12408: 12404: 12401: 12399: 12396: 12395: 12394: 12393:1976 campaign 12391: 12390: 12388: 12384: 12378: 12375: 12373: 12370: 12369: 12367: 12365:Gubernatorial 12363: 12360: 12358: 12354: 12348: 12347: 12343: 12341: 12340: 12336: 12335: 12333: 12331: 12327: 12321: 12318: 12316: 12313: 12311: 12308: 12306: 12303: 12301: 12298: 12296: 12293: 12288: 12285: 12282: 12279: 12276: 12275: 12271: 12270: 12269: 12266: 12264: 12261: 12259: 12256: 12252: 12249: 12247: 12244: 12243: 12242: 12239: 12237: 12234: 12232: 12229: 12227: 12224: 12222: 12219: 12217: 12214: 12212: 12209: 12207: 12204: 12202: 12199: 12198: 12196: 12190: 12182: 12178: 12174: 12170: 12169: 12166: 12162: 12161:Ronald Reagan 12155: 12150: 12148: 12143: 12141: 12136: 12135: 12132: 12119: 12118: 12113: 12110: 12109: 12104: 12103: 12100: 12093: 12089: 12086: 12082: 12079: 12075: 12072: 12068: 12065: 12061: 12056: 12052: 12049: 12045: 12042: 12038: 12035: 12031: 12028: 12024: 12021: 12017: 12016: 12014: 12010: 12007: 12003: 12000: 11996: 11991: 11987: 11986: 11984: 11980: 11977: 11973: 11970: 11966: 11963: 11959: 11954: 11950: 11947: 11943: 11942: 11940: 11936: 11933: 11929: 11926: 11922: 11919: 11915: 11912: 11908: 11905: 11901: 11896: 11892: 11889: 11885: 11884: 11882: 11878: 11875: 11871: 11870: 11868: 11866: 11862: 11855: 11851: 11848: 11844: 11841: 11837: 11834: 11830: 11827: 11823: 11820: 11816: 11811: 11807: 11806: 11804: 11800: 11797: 11793: 11790: 11786: 11783: 11779: 11776: 11772: 11769: 11765: 11762: 11758: 11755: 11751: 11748: 11744: 11741: 11737: 11734: 11730: 11727: 11723: 11720: 11716: 11711: 11707: 11706: 11704: 11700: 11695: 11691: 11690: 11688: 11684: 11679: 11675: 11672: 11668: 11665: 11661: 11660: 11658: 11654: 11651: 11647: 11644: 11640: 11637: 11633: 11630: 11626: 11621: 11617: 11616: 11614: 11610: 11607: 11603: 11600: 11596: 11595: 11593: 11591: 11587: 11580: 11576: 11573: 11569: 11564: 11560: 11557: 11553: 11552: 11550: 11546: 11543: 11539: 11534: 11530: 11527: 11523: 11520: 11516: 11515: 11513: 11509: 11506: 11502: 11499: 11495: 11492: 11488: 11485: 11481: 11478: 11474: 11470: 11465: 11462: 11458: 11455: 11451: 11448: 11447:Libya bombing 11444: 11441: 11437: 11434: 11430: 11427: 11423: 11418: 11414: 11411: 11407: 11402: 11398: 11397: 11395: 11391: 11388: 11384: 11381: 11377: 11376: 11374: 11370: 11365: 11361: 11358: 11354: 11353: 11351: 11347: 11344: 11340: 11339: 11337: 11335: 11331: 11320: 11316: 11313: 11309: 11306: 11302: 11299: 11295: 11292: 11288: 11285: 11281: 11278: 11274: 11270: 11266: 11262: 11258: 11254: 11253:"Evil empire" 11250: 11249: 11247: 11245: 11241: 11232: 11228: 11225: 11221: 11220: 11218: 11214: 11211: 11207: 11204: 11200: 11197: 11193: 11190: 11186: 11181: 11180:controversies 11177: 11174: 11173:Supreme Court 11170: 11169: 11167: 11163: 11160: 11156: 11153: 11149: 11146: 11142: 11139: 11135: 11131: 11128: 11124: 11123: 11121: 11119: 11115: 11110: 11103: 11098: 11096: 11091: 11089: 11084: 11083: 11080: 11074: 11070: 11069: 11064: 11056: 11053: 11051: 11048: 11046: 11043: 11042: 11032: 11031:Policy Review 11028: 11024: 11022: 11018: 11014: 11013: 11002: 11000:0-517-20078-3 10996: 10991: 10990: 10989:Ronald Reagan 10983: 10980: 10979: 10974: 10971: 10967: 10964: 10960: 10957: 10956: 10951: 10947: 10945:0-7432-3022-1 10941: 10937: 10936: 10931: 10927: 10924: 10920: 10919:William Novak 10917:(1989), with 10916: 10912: 10911:Reagan, Nancy 10909: 10905: 10903:0-679-46323-2 10899: 10895: 10894: 10888: 10886: 10882: 10878: 10876: 10872: 10868: 10864: 10863: 10860: 10856: 10852: 10850: 10846: 10842: 10839: 10835: 10832: 10828: 10825: 10821: 10818: 10814: 10810: 10808:9780393060225 10804: 10799: 10798: 10791: 10788: 10784: 10781: 10780: 10775: 10772: 10771: 10766: 10765: 10762: 10747: 10741: 10737: 10736: 10730: 10723:September 27, 10718: 10714: 10709: 10705: 10699: 10695: 10694: 10688: 10684: 10678: 10674: 10673:Ronald Reagan 10669: 10665: 10663:9780231538657 10659: 10655: 10650: 10646: 10644:0-7434-0025-9 10640: 10636: 10635: 10629: 10625: 10620: 10616: 10610: 10606: 10605: 10599: 10595: 10593:9780195176162 10589: 10585: 10581: 10577: 10573: 10571:9780809097173 10567: 10562: 10561: 10554: 10550: 10544: 10540: 10539: 10533: 10529: 10525: 10521: 10517: 10513: 10509: 10504: 10500: 10498:1-891620-84-3 10494: 10490: 10489: 10484: 10480: 10476: 10474:1-891620-91-6 10470: 10466: 10465: 10460: 10456: 10452: 10450:9780684857053 10446: 10441: 10440: 10433: 10429: 10424: 10423: 10402: 10396: 10381: 10380: 10375: 10368: 10360: 10358:9781118607824 10354: 10350: 10349: 10341: 10335: 10334: 10326: 10319: 10314: 10307: 10302: 10295: 10294:0-230-60302-5 10291: 10287: 10281: 10273: 10269: 10265: 10261: 10257: 10253: 10252: 10243: 10227: 10223: 10217: 10210: 10205: 10198: 10193: 10186: 10181: 10174: 10169: 10153: 10146: 10139: 10134: 10119: 10118: 10113: 10109: 10108:Dreier, Peter 10103: 10096: 10091: 10084: 10083:Rossinow 2015 10079: 10060: 10056: 10049: 10042: 10027: 10021: 10014: 10009: 10002: 9997: 9990: 9985: 9978: 9972: 9956: 9950: 9943: 9938: 9922: 9916: 9909: 9904: 9902: 9894: 9889: 9881: 9874: 9859: 9858: 9853: 9846: 9839: 9838:Rossinow 2015 9834: 9818: 9814: 9808: 9792: 9786: 9784: 9776: 9775:Rossinow 2015 9771: 9755: 9751: 9745: 9729: 9725: 9719: 9703: 9699: 9695: 9689: 9682: 9681:Rossinow 2015 9677: 9670: 9669:Rossinow 2015 9665: 9658: 9657:Rossinow 2015 9653: 9646: 9641: 9633: 9628: 9627: 9618: 9602: 9598: 9592: 9577: 9576: 9571: 9564: 9549: 9548: 9543: 9536: 9528: 9522: 9507: 9503: 9496: 9488: 9482: 9467: 9463: 9456: 9440: 9436: 9432: 9425: 9410: 9409: 9404: 9397: 9382: 9381: 9376: 9369: 9360: 9351: 9335: 9329: 9321: 9317: 9312: 9307: 9303: 9299: 9295: 9288: 9273: 9272: 9267: 9260: 9244: 9240: 9234: 9219: 9218: 9213: 9206: 9191: 9187: 9180: 9165: 9161: 9155: 9140: 9139: 9134: 9127: 9112: 9108: 9101: 9099: 9091: 9085: 9081: 9074: 9058: 9051: 9043: 9039: 9033: 9017: 9013: 9006: 9000: 8996: 8993: 8989: 8973: 8967: 8960: 8955: 8939: 8935: 8929: 8913: 8909: 8903: 8901: 8899: 8891: 8886: 8870: 8866: 8865: 8860: 8853: 8846: 8841: 8834: 8829: 8822: 8817: 8810: 8805: 8798: 8793: 8786: 8781: 8774: 8769: 8762: 8757: 8750: 8746: 8740: 8733: 8728: 8712: 8708: 8704: 8703:Buchanan, Pat 8698: 8691: 8687: 8681: 8675: 8671: 8666: 8659: 8653: 8637: 8633: 8627: 8620: 8615: 8608: 8603: 8587: 8583: 8582: 8577: 8570: 8563: 8558: 8551: 8546: 8539: 8534: 8527: 8526:Rossinow 2015 8522: 8515: 8514:Rossinow 2015 8510: 8503: 8498: 8491: 8486: 8484: 8476: 8471: 8464: 8463:Rossinow 2015 8459: 8452: 8447: 8440: 8435: 8428: 8427:Rossinow 2015 8423: 8415: 8413:9780812973266 8409: 8405: 8404: 8396: 8389: 8388:Rossinow 2015 8384: 8377: 8372: 8364: 8358: 8354: 8347: 8332: 8328: 8321: 8314: 8309: 8307: 8305: 8297: 8292: 8285: 8279: 8272: 8271:Rossinow 2015 8267: 8260: 8255: 8248: 8247:Rossinow 2015 8243: 8236: 8231: 8224: 8219: 8212: 8207: 8200: 8195: 8188: 8187:Weisberg 2016 8183: 8181: 8173: 8168: 8161: 8160:Weisberg 2016 8156: 8149: 8144: 8136: 8130: 8122: 8116: 8112: 8108: 8102: 8094: 8090: 8086: 8079: 8064: 8063: 8058: 8051: 8044: 8039: 8032: 8031:Rossinow 2015 8027: 8020: 8015: 8007: 8003: 7996: 7981: 7977: 7971: 7956: 7952: 7946: 7944: 7927: 7923: 7917: 7902: 7898: 7892: 7876: 7870: 7855: 7851: 7845: 7829: 7825: 7819: 7811: 7807: 7803: 7799: 7795: 7791: 7784: 7776: 7774:0-87113-854-9 7770: 7766: 7765: 7757: 7750: 7745: 7743: 7734: 7730: 7726: 7725: 7720: 7713: 7706: 7705:Rossinow 2015 7701: 7694: 7689: 7682: 7677: 7670: 7665: 7658: 7653: 7646: 7641: 7634: 7629: 7622: 7616: 7609: 7604: 7598:, p. 67. 7597: 7596:Rossinow 2015 7592: 7585: 7580: 7573: 7568: 7561: 7560:Rossinow 2015 7556: 7540: 7536: 7530: 7514: 7507: 7491: 7487: 7481: 7465: 7458: 7442: 7435: 7428: 7422: 7415: 7409: 7402: 7396: 7389: 7383: 7376: 7370: 7362: 7356: 7352: 7351: 7343: 7336: 7331: 7324: 7323:Rossinow 2015 7319: 7312: 7311:Rossinow 2015 7307: 7300: 7295: 7287: 7285:9780765603944 7281: 7277: 7276: 7268: 7261: 7260:Rossinow 2015 7256: 7249: 7248:Rossinow 2015 7244: 7237: 7232: 7217: 7216: 7211: 7204: 7189: 7185: 7181: 7177: 7170: 7163: 7157: 7142: 7138: 7132: 7117: 7115: 7107: 7099: 7093: 7089: 7088: 7080: 7078: 7069: 7065: 7059: 7052: 7051:Rossinow 2015 7047: 7032: 7031: 7026: 7019: 7017: 7001: 7000: 6995: 6988: 6980: 6973: 6958: 6954: 6948: 6932: 6926: 6911: 6910: 6905: 6898: 6891: 6890:Rossinow 2015 6886: 6870: 6864: 6862: 6860: 6852: 6851:Rossinow 2015 6847: 6831: 6824: 6822: 6814: 6801: 6795: 6779: 6772: 6756: 6750: 6734: 6728: 6721: 6717: 6714: 6708: 6693: 6692: 6687: 6680: 6678: 6670: 6665: 6658: 6657:Rossinow 2015 6653: 6646: 6641: 6632: 6625: 6620: 6604: 6597: 6590: 6585: 6583: 6575: 6570: 6563: 6562:Rossinow 2015 6558: 6551: 6550:Rossinow 2015 6546: 6537: 6535: 6526: 6522: 6518: 6511: 6504: 6499: 6497: 6489: 6488:Rossinow 2015 6484: 6477: 6472: 6465: 6460: 6458: 6450: 6449:Rossinow 2015 6445: 6436: 6434: 6417: 6413: 6407: 6400: 6399:Rossinow 2015 6395: 6388: 6383: 6367: 6360: 6353: 6348: 6341: 6336: 6329: 6324: 6317: 6316:Weisberg 2016 6312: 6305: 6300: 6285: 6284: 6279: 6272: 6256: 6252: 6246: 6239: 6234: 6227: 6222: 6215: 6210: 6203: 6198: 6191: 6186: 6179: 6174: 6168:, p. 85. 6167: 6166:Rossinow 2015 6162: 6160: 6152: 6151:Rossinow 2015 6147: 6140: 6135: 6128: 6123: 6107: 6106: 6101: 6095: 6079: 6078: 6073: 6067: 6051: 6050: 6045: 6039: 6030: 6023: 6017: 6010: 6005: 5997: 5995:0-87766-523-0 5991: 5987: 5983: 5982: 5974: 5966: 5959: 5952: 5947: 5940: 5935: 5927: 5923: 5919: 5912: 5905: 5904:Rossinow 2015 5900: 5893: 5888: 5886: 5879:, p. 63. 5878: 5877:Rossinow 2015 5873: 5866: 5865:Rossinow 2015 5861: 5854: 5849: 5842: 5837: 5830: 5825: 5823: 5815: 5814:Rossinow 2015 5810: 5808: 5798: 5791: 5790:Rossinow 2015 5786: 5777: 5775: 5773: 5766:, p. 20. 5765: 5764:Rossinow 2015 5760: 5753: 5748: 5741: 5736: 5729: 5724: 5716: 5714:0-7391-0296-6 5710: 5706: 5705: 5697: 5689: 5683: 5679: 5675: 5674: 5669: 5668:Gerstle, Gary 5663: 5657: 5653: 5647: 5640: 5635: 5628: 5623: 5607: 5600: 5592: 5588: 5581: 5566: 5562: 5555: 5539: 5533: 5526: 5525:Rossinow 2015 5521: 5519: 5511: 5510:Weisberg 2016 5506: 5491: 5490: 5485: 5478: 5463: 5459: 5453: 5451: 5449: 5447: 5431: 5427: 5423: 5417: 5415: 5413: 5405: 5400: 5393: 5387: 5380: 5375: 5368: 5363: 5356: 5351: 5344: 5343:Rossinow 2015 5339: 5332: 5331:Rossinow 2015 5327: 5320: 5315: 5308: 5303: 5296: 5291: 5284: 5278: 5271: 5267: 5261: 5254: 5253:Rossinow 2015 5249: 5242: 5241:Rossinow 2015 5237: 5230: 5225: 5218: 5213: 5206: 5205:Rossinow 2015 5201: 5186: 5179: 5172: 5171:Rossinow 2015 5167: 5160: 5159:Weisberg 2016 5155: 5148: 5147:Weisberg 2016 5143: 5136: 5131: 5124: 5119: 5113:(1989) p 249. 5112: 5106: 5099: 5094: 5087: 5081: 5075: 5071: 5065: 5058: 5052: 5045: 5039: 5032: 5026: 5019: 5013: 5009: 4988: 4986: 4984: 4979: 4968: 4965: 4963: 4960: 4958: 4955: 4954: 4950: 4939: 4936: 4930: 4925: 4922: 4911: 4908: 4902: 4897: 4890: 4888: 4883: 4881: 4880:welfare state 4877: 4873: 4867: 4865: 4861: 4860:Richard Pipes 4857: 4853: 4849: 4845: 4841: 4840:gap in wealth 4836: 4834: 4825: 4820: 4811: 4809: 4805: 4801: 4797: 4793: 4789: 4784: 4782: 4781:Willie Horton 4778: 4774: 4770: 4766: 4763:over Senator 4762: 4758: 4750: 4746: 4742: 4738: 4734: 4730: 4725: 4718: 4714: 4709: 4704: 4700: 4696: 4692: 4686: 4676: 4668: 4665: 4663: 4662: 4658: 4656: 4653: 4651: 4650: 4646: 4641: 4639: 4636: 4635: 4632: 4629: 4627: 4626: 4622: 4620: 4617: 4615: 4614: 4610: 4605: 4603: 4600: 4599: 4596: 4593: 4591: 4590: 4586: 4584: 4581: 4579: 4578: 4574: 4569: 4567: 4564: 4563: 4560: 4557: 4555: 4554: 4550: 4548: 4545: 4543: 4542: 4538: 4533: 4531: 4528: 4527: 4524: 4521: 4519: 4518: 4514: 4512: 4509: 4507: 4506: 4502: 4497: 4495: 4492: 4491: 4488: 4485: 4483: 4480: 4478: 4475: 4473: 4470: 4467: 4464: 4463: 4453: 4446: 4436: 4434: 4430: 4426: 4420: 4418: 4414: 4410: 4405: 4402: 4398: 4394: 4393:Jesse Jackson 4390: 4386: 4382: 4374: 4370: 4366: 4361: 4356: 4352: 4348: 4342: 4338: 4328: 4326: 4322: 4315: 4300: 4297: 4295: 4292: 4291: 4287: 4284: 4282: 4279: 4278: 4274: 4272: 4269: 4267: 4264: 4263: 4259: 4257: 4254: 4252: 4249: 4248: 4244: 4242: 4239: 4237: 4234: 4233: 4229: 4226: 4223: 4222: 4219: 4209: 4207: 4202: 4199: 4194: 4192: 4188: 4183: 4181: 4177: 4172: 4170: 4165: 4163: 4153: 4151: 4147: 4143: 4139: 4135: 4131: 4127: 4123: 4122:common market 4113: 4111: 4107: 4103: 4099: 4094: 4092: 4088: 4084: 4080: 4076: 4068: 4063: 4054: 4051: 4046: 4042: 4038: 4030: 4026: 4025:Hissène Habré 4021: 4017: 4015: 4011: 4007: 4003: 3999: 3995: 3987: 3983: 3978: 3973: 3966:Libya bombing 3963: 3961: 3956: 3952: 3947: 3943: 3939: 3934: 3930: 3926: 3922: 3919: 3915: 3911: 3907: 3903: 3890: 3885: 3876: 3874: 3870: 3869:the Holocaust 3864: 3862: 3858: 3854: 3847: 3837: 3835: 3831: 3828: 3824: 3820: 3815: 3814:fourth summit 3811: 3810:Iran–Iraq War 3790: 3788: 3784: 3779: 3777: 3773: 3769: 3766:delivered in 3765: 3761: 3755: 3753: 3749: 3748:Geneva Summit 3745: 3739: 3737: 3733: 3729: 3725: 3721: 3717: 3713: 3705: 3700: 3695: 3685: 3681: 3679: 3675: 3671: 3666: 3664: 3660: 3656: 3652: 3648: 3644: 3640: 3639:Iran–Iraq War 3636: 3632: 3627: 3625: 3621: 3617: 3612: 3611:Daniel Ortega 3608: 3600: 3596: 3591: 3586: 3580: 3570: 3568: 3564: 3559: 3555: 3554:Hudson Austin 3551: 3547: 3537: 3535: 3531: 3527: 3523: 3519: 3515: 3511: 3507: 3506:Caribbean Sea 3500: 3496: 3492: 3488: 3483: 3478: 3468: 3466: 3461: 3457: 3453: 3449: 3445: 3441: 3440:Hissène Habré 3437: 3433: 3427: 3425: 3421: 3417: 3413: 3409: 3405: 3401: 3397: 3393: 3389: 3385: 3377: 3372: 3367: 3361: 3351: 3349: 3345: 3341: 3340: 3335: 3334: 3333:The Day After 3329: 3325: 3321: 3317: 3307: 3305: 3301: 3297: 3293: 3289: 3285: 3281: 3280:600-ship Navy 3277: 3273: 3269: 3265: 3261: 3257: 3253: 3245: 3241: 3237: 3232: 3225: 3221: 3216: 3205: 3195: 3193: 3189: 3185: 3181: 3177: 3173: 3169: 3165: 3155: 3153: 3149: 3144: 3140: 3130: 3126: 3124: 3120: 3116: 3115: 3110: 3106: 3102: 3099: 3095: 3090: 3088: 3084: 3080: 3076: 3072: 3068: 3064: 3059: 3057: 3053: 3052: 3046: 3042: 3038: 3037:school prayer 3034: 3029: 3027: 3023: 3015: 3010: 3001: 2999: 2995: 2991: 2987: 2982: 2980: 2976: 2972: 2968: 2963: 2961: 2957: 2953: 2952:crack cocaine 2949: 2945: 2938: 2933: 2926: 2922: 2917: 2908: 2906: 2902: 2898: 2894: 2890: 2886: 2879: 2869: 2867: 2863: 2858: 2854: 2843: 2841: 2837: 2833: 2829: 2828:James G. Watt 2825: 2821: 2817: 2813: 2809: 2805: 2801: 2791: 2788: 2784: 2780: 2776: 2771: 2767: 2758: 2749: 2747: 2743: 2739: 2734: 2730: 2726: 2722: 2718: 2714: 2704: 2702: 2697: 2693: 2688: 2686: 2676: 2674: 2669: 2665: 2660: 2656: 2651: 2649: 2645: 2641: 2637: 2631: 2629: 2625: 2621: 2617: 2613: 2609: 2605: 2604:Great Society 2595: 2593: 2588: 2587: 2583: 2580: 2577: 2574: 2571: 2568: 2567: 2563: 2560: 2557: 2554: 2551: 2548: 2547: 2543: 2540: 2537: 2534: 2531: 2528: 2527: 2523: 2520: 2517: 2514: 2511: 2508: 2507: 2503: 2500: 2497: 2494: 2491: 2488: 2487: 2483: 2480: 2477: 2474: 2471: 2468: 2467: 2463: 2460: 2457: 2454: 2451: 2448: 2447: 2443: 2440: 2437: 2434: 2431: 2428: 2427: 2423: 2420: 2417: 2414: 2411: 2408: 2407: 2401: 2399: 2396: 2391: 2388: 2385: 2380: 2379: 2368: 2366: 2362: 2358: 2354: 2350: 2344: 2342: 2338: 2334: 2330: 2320: 2318: 2314: 2310: 2309:corporate tax 2306: 2302: 2298: 2293: 2290: 2285: 2281: 2273: 2268: 2264: 2262: 2258: 2257:Arthur Laffer 2254: 2253:Andrew Mellon 2250: 2246: 2242: 2241: 2240:laissez-faire 2236: 2232: 2221: 2211: 2207: 2197: 2194: 2191: 2187: 2183: 2179: 2175: 2171: 2167: 2163: 2154: 2149: 2139: 2137: 2133: 2129: 2125: 2119: 2115: 2105: 2103: 2099: 2095: 2091: 2087: 2082: 2080: 2076: 2072: 2068: 2067:Warren Burger 2064: 2060: 2055: 2053: 2049: 2048: 2043: 2039: 2036: 2032: 2028: 2027:Supreme Court 2020: 2019:Chief Justice 2016: 2011: 2006: 1999:Supreme Court 1991: 1989: 1985: 1981: 1977: 1973: 1967: 1965: 1962: 1958: 1954: 1949: 1947: 1943: 1940: 1936: 1932: 1928: 1924: 1920: 1916: 1915:Richard Nixon 1912: 1909:Reagan chose 1907: 1905: 1901: 1896: 1893: 1889: 1886: 1882: 1878: 1868: 1865: 1864: 1862: 1858: 1856: 1853: 1851: 1847: 1843: 1839: 1837: 1834: 1833: 1831: 1827: 1825: 1822: 1820: 1816: 1812: 1808: 1806: 1803: 1802: 1800: 1796: 1794: 1791: 1789: 1785: 1781: 1777: 1775: 1772: 1771: 1769: 1765: 1763: 1760: 1758: 1754: 1750: 1746: 1744: 1741: 1740: 1738: 1734: 1732: 1729: 1728: 1726: 1722: 1720: 1717: 1715: 1709: 1705: 1701: 1699: 1698:Lauro Cavazos 1696: 1695: 1693: 1689: 1687: 1684: 1683: 1681: 1677: 1675: 1672: 1670: 1666: 1662: 1658: 1656: 1653: 1652: 1650: 1646: 1644: 1641: 1640: 1638: 1634: 1632: 1629: 1627: 1623: 1619: 1615: 1613: 1610: 1609: 1607: 1603: 1601: 1598: 1597: 1595: 1591: 1589: 1586: 1584: 1580: 1576: 1572: 1570: 1569:Samuel Pierce 1567: 1565: 1560: 1559: 1555: 1551: 1549: 1546: 1545: 1543: 1539: 1537: 1534: 1533: 1531: 1527: 1525: 1522: 1520: 1514: 1510: 1506: 1504: 1501: 1500: 1498: 1494: 1492: 1489: 1488: 1486: 1482: 1480: 1477: 1475: 1471: 1467: 1463: 1461: 1458: 1457: 1455: 1451: 1449: 1446: 1444: 1440: 1436: 1432: 1430: 1427: 1426: 1424: 1420: 1418: 1417:John R. Block 1415: 1413: 1409: 1405: 1401: 1399: 1396: 1395: 1393: 1389: 1387: 1384: 1383: 1381: 1377: 1375: 1374:James G. Watt 1372: 1370: 1366: 1362: 1358: 1356: 1353: 1352: 1350: 1346: 1344: 1341: 1340: 1338: 1334: 1332: 1329: 1327: 1323: 1319: 1315: 1313: 1310: 1309: 1307: 1303: 1301: 1298: 1296: 1292: 1288: 1284: 1282: 1279: 1278: 1276: 1272: 1270: 1267: 1266: 1264: 1260: 1258: 1255: 1253: 1249: 1245: 1241: 1239: 1238:George Shultz 1236: 1235: 1233: 1229: 1227: 1224: 1222: 1218: 1214: 1210: 1208: 1205: 1203: 1200: 1199: 1195: 1191: 1189: 1188:Ronald Reagan 1186: 1184: 1181: 1180: 1176: 1172: 1169: 1166: 1165: 1160: 1148: 1136: 1126: 1116: 1114: 1110: 1106: 1100: 1098: 1092: 1090: 1086: 1082: 1078: 1070: 1066: 1062: 1057: 1053: 1051: 1047: 1043: 1039: 1035: 1031: 1027: 1023: 1022:1976 election 1019: 1015: 1011: 1007: 998: 993: 989: 985: 979: 975: 968:1980 election 965: 963: 959: 955: 951: 946: 944: 940: 930: 925: 921: 906: 904: 900: 896: 892: 888: 883: 881: 877: 873: 869: 865: 861: 857: 853: 849: 845: 840: 836: 832: 828: 824: 819: 817: 816:Supreme Court 813: 809: 805: 801: 797: 793: 789: 785: 784:major tax cut 780: 778: 777:Great Society 774: 770: 766: 762: 758: 754: 750: 746: 742: 738: 734: 730: 726: 722: 718: 714: 711: 707: 706:Ronald Reagan 696: 691: 689: 684: 682: 677: 676: 674: 673: 669: 665: 656: 646: 643: 641: 638: 636: 633: 631: 628: 626: 623: 622: 619: 607: 604: 602: 599: 597: 594: 592: 589: 588: 587: 584: 580: 577: 575: 572: 570: 567: 565: 562: 560: 557: 556: 555: 552: 548: 545: 543: 540: 539: 538: 535: 531: 528: 526: 523: 522: 520: 519: 516: 504: 501: 499: 496: 494: 491: 489: 486: 484: 481: 479: 476: 475: 474: 471: 470: 457: 454: 452: 449: 448: 447: 444: 440: 437: 436: 435: 432: 431: 428: 418: 415: 413: 410: 408: 405: 403: 402:AIDS epidemic 400: 398: 395: 393: 390: 388: 385: 383: 380: 379: 376: 366: 363: 359: 356: 354: 351: 350: 349: 348:Inaugurations 346: 344: 341: 337: 334: 333: 332: 329: 328: 315: 312: 310: 307: 306: 305: 302: 300: 297: 295: 292: 291: 278: 275: 273: 270: 268: 265: 263: 260: 259: 257: 253: 250: 249: 248: 245: 243: 240: 238: 235: 233: 230: 228: 225: 223: 220: 219: 212: 211: 202: 200:Ronald Reagan 188: 185: 181: 180: 177: 176: 167: 161: 156: 149: 141: 135: → 134: 129: 126:← 121: 118: 115: 113: 109: 103: 100: 98: 95: 94: 92: 88: 85: 82: 78: 75: 74: 70: 66: 60: 53: 49: 45: 40: 37: 33: 19: 16030:Barbara Bush 16020:Nancy Reagan 15969:Bibliography 15729: 15608:South Dakota 15598:Rhode Island 15593:Pennsylvania 15573:North Dakota 14514: 14407:Presidential 14394: 14315:2012 (Tampa) 13619:presidential 13603:Presidential 13383:T. Roosevelt 13352:2021–present 13338:Donald Trump 13328:Barack Obama 13308:Bill Clinton 13291: 13278:Jimmy Carter 12938:James Monroe 12889:presidencies 12830: 12821: 12814: 12753:Nancy Reagan 12749:(first wife) 12699: 12664: 12656: 12647: 12640: 12631: 12624: 12616: 12608: 12601:Reagan's War 12599: 12592: 12583: 12562: 12554: 12546: 12537: 12530: 12508:Bibliography 12386:Presidential 12344: 12337: 12272: 12211:Boyhood home 12206:Pitney Store 12172: 12115: 12106: 11108: 11066: 11030: 11016: 10988: 10977: 10969: 10968:Spitz, Bob. 10962: 10954: 10934: 10922: 10914: 10892: 10880: 10866: 10854: 10844: 10837: 10830: 10823: 10816: 10796: 10786: 10778: 10769: 10734: 10721:. Retrieved 10692: 10672: 10653: 10633: 10626:. Routledge. 10623: 10603: 10583: 10559: 10537: 10511: 10507: 10487: 10463: 10438: 10427: 10405:. Retrieved 10395: 10383:. Retrieved 10377: 10367: 10347: 10340: 10332: 10325: 10313: 10301: 10285: 10280: 10255: 10249: 10242: 10230:. Retrieved 10226:the original 10216: 10204: 10197:Leffler 2007 10192: 10180: 10168: 10156:. Retrieved 10145: 10133: 10121:. Retrieved 10115: 10102: 10090: 10078: 10066:. Retrieved 10059:the original 10054: 10041: 10029:. Retrieved 10020: 10008: 9996: 9989:Hayward 2009 9984: 9976: 9971: 9959:. Retrieved 9949: 9937: 9925:. Retrieved 9915: 9888: 9879: 9873: 9861:. Retrieved 9855: 9845: 9833: 9821:. Retrieved 9817:the original 9807: 9795:. Retrieved 9793:. David Leip 9770: 9758:. Retrieved 9754:the original 9744: 9734:December 31, 9732:. Retrieved 9728:the original 9718: 9706:. Retrieved 9702:the original 9697: 9688: 9676: 9664: 9652: 9640: 9625: 9617: 9605:. Retrieved 9601:the original 9591: 9579:. Retrieved 9573: 9563: 9551:. Retrieved 9545: 9535: 9511:November 11, 9509:. Retrieved 9505: 9495: 9469:. Retrieved 9465: 9455: 9445:November 12, 9443:. Retrieved 9439:the original 9434: 9424: 9412:. Retrieved 9406: 9396: 9384:. Retrieved 9378: 9368: 9359: 9350: 9338:. Retrieved 9328: 9301: 9297: 9287: 9275:. Retrieved 9269: 9259: 9247:. Retrieved 9242: 9233: 9221:. Retrieved 9215: 9205: 9195:November 18, 9193:. Retrieved 9189: 9179: 9169:November 27, 9167:. Retrieved 9163: 9154: 9144:November 28, 9142:. Retrieved 9136: 9126: 9116:November 28, 9114:. Retrieved 9110: 9089: 9083: 9073: 9061:. Retrieved 9050: 9041: 9032: 9020:. Retrieved 9016:the original 9005: 8988: 8976:. Retrieved 8966: 8954: 8944:December 24, 8942:. Retrieved 8928: 8916:. Retrieved 8911: 8885: 8873:. Retrieved 8869:the original 8862: 8852: 8840: 8833:Herring 2008 8828: 8816: 8804: 8792: 8780: 8768: 8756: 8748: 8739: 8727: 8717:September 3, 8715:. Retrieved 8711:the original 8697: 8689: 8680: 8665: 8657: 8652: 8640:. Retrieved 8635: 8626: 8619:Herring 2008 8614: 8602: 8590:. Retrieved 8586:the original 8579: 8569: 8562:Herring 2008 8557: 8545: 8533: 8521: 8509: 8497: 8470: 8458: 8446: 8439:Herring 2008 8434: 8422: 8402: 8395: 8383: 8371: 8352: 8346: 8334:. Retrieved 8331:The Atlantic 8330: 8320: 8313:Herring 2008 8291: 8283: 8278: 8266: 8254: 8242: 8230: 8218: 8206: 8194: 8167: 8155: 8143: 8129: 8110: 8101: 8093:the original 8088: 8078: 8066:. Retrieved 8060: 8050: 8038: 8026: 8014: 8005: 7995: 7983:. Retrieved 7979: 7970: 7958:. Retrieved 7954: 7930:. Retrieved 7926:The Guardian 7925: 7916: 7904:. Retrieved 7900: 7891: 7879:. Retrieved 7869: 7857:. Retrieved 7853: 7844: 7832:. Retrieved 7828:the original 7818: 7796:(1): 75–88. 7793: 7789: 7783: 7763: 7756: 7749:Herring 2008 7733:the original 7728: 7722: 7712: 7700: 7693:Herring 2008 7688: 7676: 7664: 7657:Herring 2008 7652: 7640: 7633:Herring 2008 7628: 7620: 7615: 7603: 7591: 7579: 7567: 7555: 7543:. Retrieved 7539:the original 7529: 7517:. Retrieved 7506: 7496:December 15, 7494:. Retrieved 7480: 7470:December 23, 7468:. Retrieved 7457: 7447:December 23, 7445:. Retrieved 7434: 7426: 7421: 7413: 7408: 7400: 7395: 7387: 7382: 7374: 7369: 7349: 7342: 7330: 7318: 7306: 7299:Wilentz 2008 7294: 7274: 7267: 7255: 7243: 7231: 7219:. Retrieved 7213: 7203: 7191:. Retrieved 7179: 7169: 7156: 7144:. Retrieved 7140: 7131: 7119:. Retrieved 7113: 7106: 7086: 7067: 7058: 7046: 7034:. Retrieved 7028: 7003:. Retrieved 6997: 6987: 6978: 6972: 6960:. Retrieved 6956: 6947: 6935:. Retrieved 6925: 6913:. Retrieved 6907: 6897: 6885: 6873:. Retrieved 6846: 6834:. Retrieved 6811: 6804:. Retrieved 6794: 6782:. Retrieved 6771: 6759:. Retrieved 6749: 6737:. Retrieved 6727: 6707: 6697:November 27, 6695:. Retrieved 6689: 6664: 6652: 6644: 6640: 6631: 6619: 6609:November 29, 6607:. Retrieved 6596: 6569: 6557: 6545: 6520: 6510: 6483: 6471: 6444: 6420:. Retrieved 6415: 6406: 6394: 6382: 6370:. Retrieved 6359: 6347: 6335: 6323: 6311: 6304:Wilentz 2008 6299: 6287:. Retrieved 6281: 6271: 6259:. Retrieved 6255:the original 6245: 6233: 6221: 6209: 6197: 6185: 6173: 6146: 6134: 6122: 6110:. Retrieved 6103: 6094: 6082:. Retrieved 6075: 6066: 6054:. Retrieved 6047: 6038: 6029: 6016: 6004: 5980: 5973: 5964: 5958: 5946: 5934: 5925: 5921: 5911: 5899: 5872: 5860: 5853:Wilentz 2008 5848: 5836: 5797: 5785: 5759: 5747: 5735: 5723: 5703: 5696: 5672: 5662: 5651: 5646: 5634: 5622: 5610:. Retrieved 5599: 5590: 5580: 5570:February 16, 5568:. Retrieved 5564: 5554: 5544:December 19, 5542:. Retrieved 5532: 5505: 5493:. Retrieved 5487: 5477: 5465:. Retrieved 5461: 5435:February 27, 5433:. Retrieved 5429: 5404:Wilentz 2008 5399: 5391: 5386: 5374: 5367:Wilentz 2008 5362: 5350: 5338: 5326: 5314: 5307:Herring 2008 5302: 5290: 5282: 5277: 5265: 5260: 5248: 5236: 5224: 5212: 5200: 5188:. Retrieved 5178: 5166: 5154: 5142: 5135:Wilentz 2008 5130: 5123:Wilentz 2008 5118: 5110: 5105: 5098:Wilentz 2008 5093: 5085: 5080: 5069: 5064: 5056: 5051: 5043: 5038: 5030: 5025: 5017: 5012: 4907:1980s portal 4884: 4868: 4864:Colin Powell 4852:Paul Kennedy 4850:, historian 4847: 4844:homelessness 4837: 4829: 4808:Bill Clinton 4785: 4754: 4673: 4659: 4647: 4623: 4611: 4587: 4575: 4551: 4539: 4515: 4503: 4421: 4406: 4378: 4317: 4270: 4255: 4240: 4203: 4195: 4187:Lesley Stahl 4184: 4173: 4166: 4159: 4119: 4102:arms embargo 4095: 4079:Stephen Biko 4072: 4067:Desmond Tutu 4057:South Africa 4034: 4006:Fidel Castro 3991: 3942:U.S. Marines 3940:, including 3933:Philip Habib 3899: 3873:Pat Buchanan 3865: 3849: 3834:Malta Summit 3808:such as the 3806: 3780: 3756: 3740: 3709: 3682: 3667: 3651:Oliver North 3628: 3604: 3543: 3503: 3454:was accused 3428: 3381: 3346:" (1983) by 3337: 3331: 3313: 3266:bomber, the 3249: 3176:intelligence 3168:surveillance 3161: 3145: 3141: 3137: 3128: 3112: 3101:Pat Buchanan 3091: 3060: 3049: 3030: 3019: 2994:machine guns 2983: 2964: 2944:War on Drugs 2941: 2921:Nancy Reagan 2885:Alan Simpson 2881: 2857:Martin Mayer 2849: 2840:Anne Gorsuch 2814:deregulated 2797: 2794:Deregulation 2770:labor strike 2763: 2746:Black Monday 2717:Paul Volcker 2710: 2689: 2682: 2652: 2632: 2600: 2345: 2326: 2313:Hundred Days 2294: 2284:William Roth 2277: 2238: 2228: 2209: 2176:outside the 2170:Tim McCarthy 2159: 2121: 2108:Other courts 2083: 2056: 2045: 2024: 1988:Howard Baker 1976:Nancy Reagan 1968: 1950: 1939:CIA director 1923:Donald Regan 1908: 1904:David Gergen 1874: 1429:Richard Lyng 1257:Donald Regan 1101: 1093: 1089:Soviet Union 1085:arms control 1074: 1061:Jimmy Carter 1030:Howard Baker 1018:Jimmy Carter 1003: 947: 935: 884: 876:arms control 839:Soviet Union 833:, sought to 820: 796:federal debt 781: 739:congressman 733:Jimmy Carter 704: 659: 467:Appointments 330: 294:Governorship 227:Bibliography 128:Jimmy Carter 71: 56: 36: 15787:Fundraising 15708:Affiliated 15689:Puerto Rico 15523:Mississippi 15438:Connecticut 15160:Summerfield 14935:(2019–2023) 14929:(2015–2019) 14923:(2007–2015) 14917:(1999–2007) 14911:(1995–1999) 14905:(1981–1995) 14899:(1973–1981) 14893:(1965–1973) 14887:(1959–1965) 14881:(1939–1959) 14875:(1931–1939) 14869:(1925–1931) 14863:(1919–1925) 14857:(1911–1919) 14851:(1903–1911) 14845:(1899–1903) 14839:(1895–1899) 14833:(1891–1895) 14827:(1889–1891) 14821:(1883–1889) 14815:(1881–1883) 14809:(1879–1881) 14803:(1877–1879) 14797:(1875–1877) 14791:(1869–1875) 14779:(1863–1869) 14773:(1861–1863) 14767:(1860–1861) 14726:(2003–2007) 14720:(1996–2003) 14714:(1985–1996) 14708:(1980–1985) 14702:(1979–1980) 14696:(1977–1979) 14690:(1969–1977) 14684:(1959–1969) 14678:(1953–1959) 14666:(1952–1953) 14660:(1949–1952) 14654:(1944–1949) 14648:(1941–1944) 14642:(1940–1941) 14636:(1933–1940) 14630:(1929–1933) 14624:(1924–1929) 14618:(1918–1924) 14612:(1913–1918) 14606:(1911–1913) 14600:(1908–1911) 14594:(1897–1908) 14588:(1891–1897) 14582:(1885–1891) 14576:(1884–1885) 14570:(1862–1884) 14564:(1859–1862) 14544:U.S. Senate 14535:(2017–2021) 14529:(2001–2009) 14523:(1989–1993) 14517:(1981–1989) 14511:(1974–1977) 14505:(1969–1974) 14499:(1953–1961) 14493:(1929–1933) 14487:(1923–1929) 14481:(1921–1923) 14475:(1909–1913) 14469:(1901–1909) 14463:(1897–1901) 14457:(1889–1893) 14451:(1881–1885) 14439:(1877–1881) 14433:(1869–1877) 14427:(1865–1868) 14421:(1861–1865) 13612:conventions 13268:Gerald Ford 12795:Neil Reagan 12783:Jack Reagan 12771:Patti Davis 12668:(2024 film) 12657:The Reagans 12652:(2020 game) 12644:(2016 film) 12636:(2015 book) 12628:(2013 film) 12612:(2003 film) 12609:The Reagans 12604:(2002 book) 12596:(2001 film) 12588:(1991 film) 12580:(1986 song) 12559:(1985 game) 12549:(TV series) 12251:Tyler Prize 12231:Filmography 12183:(1967–1975) 12175:(1981–1989) 11111:(1981–1989) 11061:‹ The 10483:Cannon, Lou 10459:Cannon, Lou 10419:Works cited 10013:Cannon 2000 9927:November 8, 9893:Brands 2015 9111:The Balance 8890:Tucker 2012 8821:Brands 2015 8809:Brands 2015 8797:Brands 2015 8785:Brands 2015 8773:Brands 2015 8761:Reeves 2005 8732:Reeves 2005 8672:, pp. 8670:Cannon 2000 8607:Reagan 1990 8592:January 26, 8538:Brands 2015 8502:Brands 2015 8475:Brands 2015 8376:Brands 2015 8259:Brands 2015 8235:Brands 2015 8223:Brands 2015 8019:Brands 2015 7681:Brands 2015 7669:Brands 2015 7608:Cannon 2000 7036:December 7, 6915:December 7, 6669:Brands 2015 6503:Brands 2015 6464:Brands 2015 6387:Brands 2015 6340:Brands 2015 6238:Brands 2015 6226:Brands 2015 6178:Brands 2015 6127:Brands 2015 6022:fiscal year 5951:Brands 2015 5939:Brands 2015 5841:Brands 2015 5740:Brands 2015 5379:Brands 2015 5355:Brands 2015 5319:Brands 2015 5295:Brands 2015 5229:Brands 2015 5190:January 28, 4856:great power 4711:Republican 4169:hearing aid 4144:signed the 4045:Oval Office 4029:White House 3889:Anwar Sadat 3879:Middle East 3857:Helmut Kohl 3827:Berlin Wall 3768:West Berlin 3764:1987 speech 3752:George Will 3732:perestroika 3624:naval mines 3607:Sandinistas 3522:El Salvador 3495:Oval Office 3460:Ixil people 3456:of genocide 3320:nuclear war 3296:evil empire 3256:Afghanistan 3152:ozone layer 3109:Rock Hudson 3033:Jesse Helms 2960:Just Say No 2925:Just Say No 2919:First Lady 2872:Immigration 2862:Teapot Dome 2790:workforce. 2777:, the 1983 2713:stagflation 2616:food stamps 2349:Tip O'Neill 2272:Oval Office 2245:free-market 2220:Reaganomics 2162:James Brady 2090:Robert Bork 2047:Roe v. Wade 2033:to succeed 1895:Edwin Meese 1877:James Baker 1855:Edwin Meese 1674:Terrel Bell 1343:Edwin Meese 1269:James Baker 1103:concurrent 1069:Oval Office 1046:Ted Kennedy 1014:Gerald Ford 950:culture war 856:Afghanistan 848:Vietnam War 788:Reaganomics 737:independent 715:began with 635:Evil Empire 258:Residences 222:Filmography 117:White House 16060:Reagan Era 15999:Categories 15638:Washington 15558:New Mexico 15553:New Jersey 15428:California 15239:Fahrenkopf 15234:Fahrenkopf 15155:Gabrielson 14765:Pennington 14755:Conference 14741:U.S. House 14562:J. P. Hale 14552:Conference 14527:G. W. Bush 14497:Eisenhower 14279:G. W. Bush 14259:G. W. Bush 14039:Eisenhower 14019:Eisenhower 13468:G. W. Bush 13423:Eisenhower 13373:Washington 13364:Presidency 12988:John Tyler 12908:John Adams 12777:Ron Reagan 12773:(daughter) 12761:(daughter) 12747:Jane Wyman 12625:The Butler 12500:depictions 12472:convention 12435:convention 12403:convention 12300:Reagan era 12201:Birthplace 11401:INF Treaty 11394:Washington 11127:Transition 11055:Reagan Era 10407:August 31, 10318:Heclo 2008 10306:Heclo 2008 10232:October 7, 10158:August 23, 10117:The Nation 10031:October 7, 9059:. Politico 8875:August 12, 8642:August 12, 7985:January 5, 7960:January 5, 7932:January 3, 7906:January 5, 7881:January 5, 7859:January 5, 7193:January 5, 7146:January 5, 6605:. CQ Press 5059:pp 29–51.: 5000:References 4876:Hugh Heclo 4741:Dan Quayle 4387:, Senator 4130:fast track 4116:Free trade 4091:proxy wars 4014:airstrikes 3986:Camp David 3704:INF Treaty 3692:See also: 3678:impeaching 3670:John Tower 3583:See also: 3475:See also: 3438:, such as 3408:Mujahideen 3396:Solidarity 3376:Mujahideen 3364:See also: 3278:, and the 3276:MX missile 3264:B-1 Lancer 3213:See also: 2956:First Lady 2876:See also: 2673:third rail 2305:estate tax 2289:Phil Gramm 2231:neoliberal 1793:Bill Brock 1743:Joe Wright 1588:Drew Lewis 1548:Otis Bowen 1491:Bill Brock 1123:See also: 924:Reagan era 909:Background 903:Reagan Era 880:INF Treaty 818:Justices. 725:California 721:Republican 601:convention 569:convention 547:convention 530:convention 343:Transition 331:Presidency 247:Depictions 84:Republican 15959:Primaries 15895:Factional 15825:Sectional 15662:Territory 15648:Wisconsin 15613:Tennessee 15518:Minnesota 15493:Louisiana 15394:territory 15392:state and 15279:Gillespie 15264:Nicholson 15200:R. Morton 15180:T. Morton 15065:Rosewater 15055:Hitchcock 15045:Cortelyou 14867:Longworth 14730:McConnell 14610:Gallinger 14467:Roosevelt 14388:primaries 14368:primaries 14348:primaries 14328:primaries 14308:primaries 14288:primaries 14268:primaries 14248:primaries 14228:primaries 14208:primaries 14188:primaries 14168:primaries 14148:primaries 14128:primaries 14108:primaries 14088:primaries 14079:Goldwater 14068:primaries 14048:primaries 14028:primaries 14008:primaries 13988:primaries 13968:primaries 13948:primaries 13928:primaries 13908:primaries 13888:primaries 13868:primaries 13848:primaries 13843:Fairbanks 13828:primaries 13793:Fairbanks 13789:Roosevelt 13780:Roosevelt 13621:primaries 13366:timelines 13348:Joe Biden 13342:2017–2021 13332:2009–2017 13322:2001–2009 13312:1993–2001 13302:1989–1993 13292:1981–1989 13282:1977–1981 13272:1974–1977 13262:1969–1974 13252:1963–1969 13242:1961–1963 13232:1953–1961 13222:1945–1953 13212:1933–1945 13202:1929–1933 13192:1923–1929 13182:1921–1923 13172:1913–1921 13162:1909–1913 13152:1901–1909 13142:1897–1901 13132:1893–1897 13122:1889–1893 13112:1885–1889 13102:1881–1885 13082:1877–1881 13072:1869–1877 13062:1865–1869 13052:1861–1865 13042:1857–1861 13032:1853–1857 13022:1850–1853 13012:1849–1850 13002:1845–1849 12992:1841–1845 12972:1837–1841 12962:1829–1837 12952:1825–1829 12942:1817–1825 12932:1809–1817 12922:1801–1809 12912:1797–1801 12902:1789–1797 12797:(brother) 12729:Accolades 12585:Pizza Man 12498:Cultural 12467:primaries 12425:primaries 12398:primaries 12357:Elections 11533:H-2B visa 11526:H-2A visa 11387:Reykjavík 10461:(2000) . 10154:. Advameg 9823:April 19, 9521:cite news 9481:cite news 9271:USA Today 9190:USA Today 9063:August 3, 9022:April 14, 8978:April 14, 8918:April 19, 8068:March 31, 7519:April 19, 7188:0362-4331 6784:April 11, 6422:March 20, 6261:August 4, 5561:"Purpose" 5430:USA Today 5005:Citations 4607:1987–1988 4571:1985–1986 4535:1983–1984 4499:1981–1982 4465:Congress 4389:Gary Hart 4323:that the 4224:Congress 4162:Joe Biden 4075:apartheid 3955:Hezbollah 3902:civil war 3861:Waffen-SS 3635:Hezbollah 3534:Argentina 3518:Nicaragua 3022:abortions 2838:Director 2779:Greyhound 2386:Receipts 2280:Jack Kemp 1892:Counselor 1883:. Baker, 1183:President 835:roll back 821:Reagan's 596:primaries 564:primaries 542:primaries 525:primaries 483:Rehnquist 304:Elections 15984:Trumpism 15839:Chairmen 15756:Factions 15718:Congress 15633:Virginia 15583:Oklahoma 15563:New York 15538:Nebraska 15528:Missouri 15513:Michigan 15503:Maryland 15488:Kentucky 15468:Illinois 15443:Delaware 15433:Colorado 15423:Arkansas 15313:McDaniel 15289:Martínez 15225:Richards 15140:Brownell 15135:Spangler 15120:Hamilton 15115:Fletcher 15025:Campbell 15020:Clarkson 14990:Chandler 14933:McCarthy 14909:Gingrich 14748:Speakers 14676:Knowland 14485:Coolidge 14461:McKinley 14455:Harrison 14443:Garfield 13879:Coolidge 13863:Coolidge 13776:McKinley 13763:McKinley 13750:Harrison 13737:Harrison 13711:Garfield 13610:national 13501:Category 13403:Coolidge 13378:McKinley 12837:Category 12791:(mother) 12785:(father) 12702:(CVN-76) 12513:In music 12482:election 12445:election 12194:politics 12192:Life and 11519:Form I-9 11364:2nd term 11357:1st term 11350:Cold War 11244:Speeches 11118:Timeline 11063:template 10932:(2005). 10717:Archived 10582:(2015). 10528:41219701 10272:25622627 10123:April 7, 10068:July 18, 9607:June 14, 9581:June 13, 9553:June 13, 9471:June 18, 9414:June 13, 9386:June 13, 9320:25003852 9277:June 13, 9249:June 13, 9223:June 13, 8995:Archived 8912:BBC News 8636:BBC News 8109:(2009). 7955:ABC News 7810:27552748 7490:Archived 7429:, p.185. 7403:, p.176. 7121:July 30, 7005:July 29, 6962:July 29, 6937:April 4, 6875:April 4, 6836:April 4, 6806:June 12, 6761:April 4, 6739:April 4, 6716:Archived 6525:Archived 6112:March 4, 6084:March 4, 6056:March 4, 5670:(2022). 5495:July 20, 5467:June 15, 4893:See also 4802:and the 4765:Bob Dole 4649:Mitchell 4487:Minority 4477:Minority 4472:Majority 4397:selected 4198:prostate 3736:glasnost 3633:held by 3546:Grenadan 3491:Dominica 3450:and the 3424:al-Qaeda 3416:blowback 3392:rollback 3339:WarGames 3105:HIV/AIDS 2969:and the 2834:. Under 2733:homeless 2679:Deficits 2668:Medicare 2610:and the 2608:Medicaid 2581:5,554.7 2575:1,143.7 2561:5,138.6 2555:1,064.4 2541:4,767.7 2535:1,004.0 2521:4,526.3 2501:4,265.1 2481:3,949.2 2461:3,536.0 2441:3,313.4 2421:3,133.2 2394:Deficit 2392:Surplus/ 2389:Outlays 2126:and the 2052:abortion 1931:Michigan 1034:Bob Dole 958:New Deal 954:New Left 862:to fund 773:New Deal 729:Democrat 591:election 559:election 478:O'Connor 434:Domestic 427:Policies 417:Scandals 336:timeline 90:Election 73:See list 15964:Debates 15952:Related 15653:Wyoming 15628:Vermont 15533:Montana 15473:Indiana 15453:Georgia 15448:Florida 15418:Arizona 15408:Alabama 15388:Parties 15318:Whatley 15308:Priebus 15284:Mehlman 15274:Racicot 15269:Gilmore 15259:Barbour 15249:Yeutter 15244:Atwater 15165:Roberts 15110:Sanders 14995:Cameron 14980:Claflin 14970:Raymond 14941:(2023–) 14939:Johnson 14921:Boehner 14915:Hastert 14885:Halleck 14861:Gillett 14795:McCrary 14783:Pomeroy 14743:leaders 14732:(2007–) 14700:Stevens 14682:Dirksen 14664:Bridges 14598:E. Hale 14592:Allison 14586:Sherman 14580:Edmunds 14574:Sherman 14568:Anthony 14546:leaders 14479:Harding 14425:Johnson 14419:Lincoln 13983:Bricker 13959:Willkie 13859:Harding 13819:Sherman 13806:Sherman 13702:Wheeler 13663:Johnson 13659:Lincoln 13646:Lincoln 13633:Frémont 13605:tickets 13566:History 13463:Clinton 13428:Kennedy 13398:Harding 12567:(1986) 12477:debates 12440:debates 11159:Cabinet 11065:below ( 10883:(1996) 10385:May 14, 9961:May 15, 9863:May 13, 9797:May 25, 9760:May 25, 9708:May 25, 9340:June 6, 8336:May 28, 7834:June 6, 7545:May 16, 7221:May 10, 6372:May 18, 6289:May 23, 5612:May 30, 5088:(1992). 4786:In the 4747:in the 4745:Marilyn 4737:Barbara 4589:O'Neill 4553:O'Neill 4517:O'Neill 4482:Speaker 4227:Senate 4087:Namibia 4069:in 1984 4027:at the 3918:invaded 3906:Lebanon 3896:Lebanon 3853:Bitburg 3616:Contras 3597:on the 3530:Contras 3514:Grenada 3499:Grenada 3493:in the 3420:Taliban 3186:. This 3172:premise 3162:Citing 2725:poverty 2707:Economy 2578:−152.6 2558:−155.2 2538:−149.7 2518:−221.2 2498:−212.3 2478:−185.4 2458:−207.8 2438:−128.0 2404:of GDP 1067:in the 1036:in the 1020:in the 769:liberal 743:in the 606:debates 574:debates 498:Kennedy 446:Foreign 439:Economy 237:Eponyms 68:Cabinet 15897:groups 15827:groups 15789:groups 15588:Oregon 15543:Nevada 15483:Kansas 15458:Hawaii 15413:Alaska 15303:Steele 15298:Duncan 15293:Duncan 15230:Laxalt 15185:Miller 15175:Alcorn 15125:Martin 15100:Huston 15090:Butler 15075:Wilcox 15070:Hilles 15030:Carter 15000:Jewell 14985:Morgan 14965:Morgan 14958:Chairs 14903:Michel 14897:Rhodes 14879:Martin 14849:Cannon 14819:Cannon 14813:Keifer 14789:Blaine 14785:(1869) 14777:Colfax 14757:chairs 14672:(1953) 14658:Wherry 14646:McNary 14640:Austin 14634:McNary 14628:Watson 14622:Curtis 14604:Cullom 14554:chairs 14515:Reagan 14491:Hoover 14449:Arthur 14445:(1881) 14319:Romney 14299:McCain 14283:Cheney 14263:Cheney 14223:Quayle 14203:Quayle 14179:Reagan 14159:Reagan 14083:Miller 14003:Warren 13963:McNary 13939:Landon 13923:Curtis 13919:Hoover 13903:Curtis 13899:Hoover 13839:Hughes 13823:Butler 13767:Hobart 13741:Morton 13724:Blaine 13715:Arthur 13689:Wilson 13676:Colfax 13650:Hamlin 13637:Dayton 13453:Reagan 13448:Carter 13418:Truman 13408:Hoover 13393:Wilson 12739:Family 12681:Legacy 12665:Reagan 12617:Reagan 12551:(1984) 12520:(1981) 12289:, 1980 12283:, 1964 12277:, 1961 11410:Moscow 11380:Geneva 11271:(1981) 11263:(1987) 11255:(1983) 10997: 10981:(1993) 10965:(2015) 10942: 10900: 10885:online 10873: 10849:online 10819:(2005) 10805: 10782:(2003) 10742: 10700: 10679: 10660: 10641: 10611: 10590: 10568: 10545: 10526: 10495: 10471: 10447: 10355: 10333:C-SPAN 10296:p. 250 10292: 10270: 9318: 8674:507–08 8410: 8359: 8117: 7808: 7771: 7357: 7282: 7186: 7094: 5992: 5711: 5684: 5656:online 5270:online 5074:online 4824:Gallup 4804:Senate 4767:. The 4701:, and 4667:Michel 4661:Wright 4631:Michel 4625:Wright 4595:Michel 4559:Michel 4523:Michel 4429:Senate 4353:, and 4285:45–46 4230:House 3929:Beirut 3910:Israel 3601:, 1987 3520:, and 3274:, the 3077:. The 3014:ACT-UP 2642:, and 2572:991.1 2552:909.2 2532:854.3 2515:990.4 2512:769.2 2495:946.3 2492:734.0 2475:851.8 2472:666.4 2455:808.4 2452:600.6 2435:745.7 2432:617.8 2418:−79.0 2415:678.2 2412:599.3 2381:Fiscal 2359:, and 2065:after 1890:, and 1167:Office 1109:Senate 1032:, and 990:, and 864:Contra 775:, and 488:Scalia 375:Tenure 358:second 242:Honors 15618:Texas 15498:Maine 15463:Idaho 15401:State 15220:Brock 15215:Smith 15195:Bliss 15190:Burch 15150:Scott 15145:Reece 15130:Walsh 15085:Adams 15040:Payne 15035:Hanna 15010:Jones 15005:Sabin 14873:Snell 14724:Frist 14706:Baker 14694:Baker 14688:Scott 14652:White 14616:Lodge 14533:Trump 14503:Nixon 14437:Hayes 14431:Grant 14383:Vance 14379:Trump 14363:Pence 14359:Trump 14343:Pence 14339:Trump 14303:Palin 14123:Agnew 14119:Nixon 14103:Agnew 14099:Nixon 14063:Lodge 14059:Nixon 14043:Nixon 14023:Nixon 13999:Dewey 13979:Dewey 13883:Dawes 13728:Logan 13698:Hayes 13685:Grant 13672:Grant 13483:Biden 13478:Trump 13473:Obama 13438:Nixon 12803:(dog) 12779:(son) 12330:Books 12055:MACRS 10524:JSTOR 10268:JSTOR 10062:(PDF) 10051:(PDF) 9634:–135. 8006:Salon 7806:JSTOR 6871:. PBS 6802:. PBS 5608:. ABC 4992:term. 4826:polls 4729:Nancy 4638:101st 4602:100th 4541:Baker 4505:Baker 4468:Year 4294:101st 4281:100th 4256:54–55 4241:53–54 3914:Syria 3300:START 3284:SS-20 3073:as a 2998:AK-47 2923:at a 2752:Labor 2589:Ref. 2584:39.4 2569:1989 2564:39.9 2549:1988 2544:39.6 2529:1987 2524:38.5 2509:1986 2504:35.3 2489:1985 2484:33.1 2469:1984 2464:32.2 2449:1983 2444:27.9 2429:1982 2424:25.2 2409:1981 2383:Year 1065:Nancy 723:from 521:1968 412:Polls 353:first 252:music 232:Death 80:Party 15679:Guam 15623:Utah 15578:Ohio 15478:Iowa 15374:2024 15369:2023 15364:2021 15359:2019 15354:2017 15349:2015 15344:2013 15339:2011 15334:2009 15254:Bond 15210:Bush 15205:Dole 15170:Hall 15105:Fess 15095:Work 15080:Hays 15060:Hill 15015:Quay 14975:Ward 14927:Ryan 14891:Ford 14855:Mann 14837:Reed 14825:Reed 14807:Frye 14801:Hale 14771:Grow 14718:Lott 14712:Dole 14670:Taft 14509:Ford 14473:Taft 14323:Ryan 14243:Kemp 14239:Dole 14143:Dole 14139:Ford 13943:Knox 13815:Taft 13802:Taft 13754:Reid 13511:List 13443:Ford 13388:Taft 13092:1881 12982:1841 12698:USS 12377:1970 12372:1966 11136:and 10995:ISBN 10940:ISBN 10898:ISBN 10871:ISBN 10803:ISBN 10740:ISBN 10725:2023 10698:ISBN 10677:ISBN 10658:ISBN 10639:ISBN 10609:ISBN 10588:ISBN 10566:ISBN 10543:ISBN 10493:ISBN 10469:ISBN 10445:ISBN 10409:2018 10387:2018 10353:ISBN 10329:See 10290:ISBN 10234:2014 10160:2007 10125:2018 10070:2016 10033:2014 9963:2015 9929:2020 9865:2018 9825:2008 9799:2007 9762:2007 9736:2007 9710:2007 9609:2016 9583:2008 9555:2008 9527:link 9513:2008 9487:link 9473:2008 9447:2008 9416:2008 9388:2008 9342:2007 9316:PMID 9279:2008 9251:2008 9225:2008 9197:2020 9171:2019 9146:2017 9118:2017 9065:2019 9024:2014 8980:2014 8946:2022 8920:2008 8877:2011 8864:Time 8719:2007 8644:2011 8594:2008 8581:Time 8408:ISBN 8357:ISBN 8338:2010 8115:ISBN 8089:Time 8070:2023 7987:2022 7962:2022 7934:2023 7908:2022 7883:2022 7861:2022 7836:2007 7769:ISBN 7547:2007 7521:2006 7498:2023 7472:2017 7449:2017 7355:ISBN 7280:ISBN 7223:2015 7195:2022 7184:ISSN 7148:2022 7123:2016 7092:ISBN 7038:2017 7007:2024 6999:KSDK 6964:2024 6939:2007 6917:2017 6877:2007 6838:2007 6808:2007 6786:2007 6763:2007 6741:2007 6699:2017 6611:2017 6424:2020 6374:2017 6291:2008 6263:2008 6114:2021 6086:2021 6058:2021 5990:ISBN 5928:(2). 5709:ISBN 5682:ISBN 5614:2008 5572:2009 5546:2007 5497:2018 5469:2017 5437:2016 5192:2022 4792:1948 4655:Dole 4643:1989 4619:Dole 4613:Byrd 4583:Byrd 4577:Dole 4566:99th 4547:Byrd 4530:98th 4511:Byrd 4494:97th 4339:and 4301:175 4288:177 4275:182 4266:99th 4260:166 4251:98th 4245:192 4236:97th 4089:and 4048:the 3951:Shia 3912:and 3830:fell 3734:and 3510:Cuba 3442:and 3422:and 3348:Nena 3336:and 3304:SALT 3288:NATO 3178:and 3043:and 2864:and 2116:and 2073:and 1902:and 1866:none 1173:Term 1170:Name 976:and 937:the 922:and 887:rank 860:Iran 735:and 710:40th 586:1984 554:1980 537:1976 493:Bork 314:1970 309:1966 112:Seat 102:1984 97:1980 15050:New 14950:RNC 14752:and 14549:and 13616:and 12801:Rex 10516:doi 10260:doi 9632:126 9306:doi 9302:179 8747:", 8688:", 7798:doi 6416:PBS 5986:122 5591:CNN 4298:45 3925:PLO 3778:). 3569:". 3489:of 3254:of 3094:gay 2836:EPA 2398:GDP 2319:." 2315:of 1099:." 16001:: 15390:by 14377:: 14357:: 14337:: 14317:: 14297:: 14277:: 14257:: 14237:: 14217:: 14197:: 14177:: 14157:: 14137:: 14117:: 14097:: 14077:: 14057:: 14037:: 14017:: 13997:: 13977:: 13957:: 13937:: 13917:: 13897:: 13877:: 13857:: 13837:: 13813:: 13800:: 13787:: 13774:: 13761:: 13748:: 13735:: 13722:: 13709:: 13696:: 13683:: 13670:: 13657:: 13644:: 13631:: 11029:. 10913:. 10522:. 10512:38 10510:. 10376:. 10266:. 10256:96 10254:. 10114:. 10053:. 9900:^ 9854:. 9782:^ 9696:. 9572:. 9544:. 9523:}} 9519:{{ 9504:. 9483:}} 9479:{{ 9464:. 9433:. 9405:. 9377:. 9314:. 9300:. 9296:. 9268:. 9241:. 9214:. 9188:. 9162:. 9135:. 9109:. 9097:^ 9088:, 9082:. 9040:. 8936:. 8910:. 8897:^ 8861:. 8634:. 8578:. 8482:^ 8329:. 8303:^ 8179:^ 8087:. 8059:. 8004:. 7978:. 7953:. 7942:^ 7924:. 7899:. 7852:. 7804:. 7794:36 7792:. 7741:^ 7729:64 7727:. 7721:. 7212:. 7182:. 7178:. 7139:. 7076:^ 7066:. 7027:. 7015:^ 6996:. 6955:. 6906:. 6858:^ 6820:^ 6810:. 6688:. 6676:^ 6581:^ 6533:^ 6523:. 6519:. 6495:^ 6456:^ 6432:^ 6414:. 6280:. 6158:^ 6102:. 6074:. 6046:. 5988:. 5926:50 5924:. 5920:. 5884:^ 5821:^ 5806:^ 5771:^ 5676:. 5589:. 5563:. 5517:^ 5486:. 5460:. 5445:^ 5428:. 5411:^ 4982:^ 4697:, 4693:, 4435:. 4349:, 4271:53 3900:A 3871:. 3665:. 3516:, 3467:. 3270:, 3154:. 2703:. 2618:, 2367:. 2343:. 2130:, 1990:. 1959:, 1937:. 1906:. 1115:. 1028:, 986:, 905:. 882:. 771:, 15291:/ 15232:/ 14750:, 14745:, 14381:/ 14361:/ 14341:/ 14321:/ 14301:/ 14281:/ 14261:/ 14241:/ 14221:/ 14201:/ 14181:/ 14161:/ 14141:/ 14121:/ 14101:/ 14081:/ 14061:/ 14041:/ 14021:/ 14001:/ 13981:/ 13961:/ 13941:/ 13921:/ 13901:/ 13881:/ 13861:/ 13841:/ 13821:/ 13817:/ 13804:/ 13791:/ 13778:/ 13765:/ 13752:/ 13739:/ 13726:/ 13713:/ 13700:/ 13687:/ 13674:/ 13661:/ 13648:/ 13635:/ 13614:, 13607:, 13545:e 13538:t 13531:v 13354:) 13350:( 13344:) 13340:( 13334:) 13330:( 13324:) 13320:( 13314:) 13310:( 13304:) 13300:( 13294:) 13290:( 13284:) 13280:( 13274:) 13270:( 13264:) 13260:( 13254:) 13250:( 13244:) 13240:( 13234:) 13230:( 13224:) 13220:( 13214:) 13210:( 13204:) 13200:( 13194:) 13190:( 13184:) 13180:( 13174:) 13170:( 13164:) 13160:( 13154:) 13150:( 13144:) 13140:( 13134:) 13130:( 13124:) 13120:( 13114:) 13110:( 13104:) 13100:( 13094:) 13090:( 13084:) 13080:( 13074:) 13070:( 13064:) 13060:( 13054:) 13050:( 13044:) 13040:( 13034:) 13030:( 13024:) 13020:( 13014:) 13010:( 13004:) 13000:( 12994:) 12990:( 12984:) 12980:( 12974:) 12970:( 12964:) 12960:( 12954:) 12950:( 12944:) 12940:( 12934:) 12930:( 12924:) 12920:( 12914:) 12910:( 12904:) 12900:( 12872:e 12865:t 12858:v 12153:e 12146:t 12139:v 11471:" 11467:" 11101:e 11094:t 11087:v 11003:. 10948:. 10906:. 10811:. 10748:. 10727:. 10706:. 10685:. 10666:. 10647:. 10617:. 10596:. 10574:. 10551:. 10530:. 10518:: 10501:. 10477:. 10453:. 10411:. 10389:. 10361:. 10274:. 10262:: 10236:. 10162:. 10127:. 10072:. 10035:. 9965:. 9931:. 9867:. 9827:. 9801:. 9764:. 9738:. 9712:. 9611:. 9585:. 9557:. 9529:) 9515:. 9489:) 9475:. 9449:. 9418:. 9390:. 9344:. 9322:. 9308:: 9281:. 9253:. 9227:. 9199:. 9173:. 9148:. 9120:. 9086:. 9067:. 9044:. 9026:. 8982:. 8948:. 8922:. 8879:. 8743:" 8721:. 8684:" 8646:. 8596:. 8416:. 8365:. 8340:. 8123:. 8072:. 8008:. 7989:. 7964:. 7936:. 7910:. 7885:. 7863:. 7838:. 7812:. 7800:: 7777:. 7549:. 7523:. 7500:. 7474:. 7451:. 7363:. 7288:. 7225:. 7197:. 7150:. 7125:. 7100:. 7040:. 7009:. 6966:. 6941:. 6919:. 6879:. 6840:. 6788:. 6765:. 6743:. 6701:. 6613:. 6426:. 6376:. 6293:. 6265:. 6116:. 6088:. 6060:. 5998:. 5717:. 5690:. 5616:. 5593:. 5574:. 5548:. 5499:. 5471:. 5439:. 5272:. 5194:. 3958:" 3246:" 2671:" 694:e 687:t 680:v 34:. 20:)

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.

Knowledge

Presidency of Ronald Reagan

Index