Real estate investment trust

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which are comprehensive, will govern the setting up of and the conduct of a Sri Lankan REITs. Specific provisions have been included for the verification of title and valuation of property that will form part of the assets of the REIT. Amongst the requirements is the mandatory distribution of approximately 90% of income to the unit holders, which is currently not a requirement for any of the listed entities. Further, due to the availability of the tax pass through mechanism to Unit Trusts, REITs also could benefit to be a viable business concept to Sri Lanka that will open new horizons for entrepreneurs to take the real estate industry to greater heights.

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collaboration with local authorities, Emirates REIT has been able to establish a platform enabling it to purchase properties anywhere in Dubai given a minimum of 51% of local ownership of its shares. This allows the company to diversify its portfolio with an efficient revenue generating mix of properties in the prime locations of Dubai. Emirates REIT is the first REIT established within the United Arab Emirates. It is also the first REIT listed on NASDAQ Dubai and one of the five Shari'a compliant REIT in the world with a focus on Income-producing assets.

529:, with the latest REIT, Cromwell European REIT, listed on 30 November 2017. The first one to be set up being CapitaMall Trust in July 2002. They represent a range of property sectors including retail, office, industrial, hospitality and residential. S-REITs hold a variety of properties in countries including Japan, China, Indonesia and Hong Kong, in addition to local properties. In recent years, foreign assets listing on the Singapore Exchange has grown to overtake those traditional listing with local assets. 958:

free of taxes for personal investors (not companies) since 2006, but only for the funds which have at least 50 investors and that are publicly traded in the stock market. FIIs, referred to as "REIT" to correspond with the similar investment vehicle in the US, have been used either to own and operate independent property investments, associated with a single property or part property, or to own several real properties (multiple properties) funded through the capital markets.

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successfully listed on their exchange have surpassed 32 billion yuan. These projects encompass various asset types, including industrial parks, toll roads, storage logistics, ecological protection, clean energy, affordable rental housing, and consumer infrastructure. The products have been operating smoothly, with active investor participation, gradually enhancing market functions, thereby creating significant scale and demonstration effects.

4661: 3945: 4648: 59:. Some REITs engage in financing real estate. REITs act as a bridge between the worlds of housing and urban development on one hand, and institutional investors and financial markets on the other. They are typically categorized into commercial REITs (C-REITs) and residential REITs (R-REITs), with the latter focusing on housing assets such as apartments and single-family homes. 283:(DIFC) to promote the development of REIT's in the UAE by passing The Investment Trust Law No.5 that went into effect on August 6, 2006. This restricts all 'true' REIT structures to be domiciled within the DIFC. The first REIT license to be issued will be backed by Dubai Islamic Bank with a REIT named 'Emirates REIT' headed up by the dot com entrepreneur, Sylvain Vieujot. 229:, established the first REIT in Ghana in August 1994. HFC Bank has been at the forefront of mortgage financing in Ghana since 1993. It has used various collective investment schemes as well as corporate bonds to finance its mortgage lending activities. Collective Investment Schemes, of which REITs are a part, are regulated by the Securities and Exchange Commission of Ghana. 1026:, Mexican REITs debuted in March 2011 "after government regulatory changes made the structure possible. Fibras offered investors an easy way to own Mexican real estate and pick up an attractive dividend at the same time. Like U.S. REITs, Fibras avoid paying corporate taxes as long as they distribute at least 95% of their income to shareholders as dividends." 991:. On December 16, 2010, the Department of Finance proposed amendments to the rules defining "Qualifying REITs" for Canadian tax purposes. As a result, "Qualifying REITs" are exempt from the new entity-level, "specified investment flow-through" (SIFT) tax that all publicly traded income trusts and partnerships are paying as of January 1, 2011. 182:(paying off debt) and re-equitizing (selling stock to get cash) their balance sheets. Listed REITs and REOCs raised $ 37.5 billion in 91 secondary equity offerings, nine IPOs and 37 unsecured debt offerings as investors continued to act favorably to companies strengthening their balance sheets following the credit crisis. 318:). REITs which are listed on an exchange were known as Listed Property Trusts (LPTs) until March 2008, distinguishing them from private REITs which are known in Australia as Unlisted Property Trusts. They have since been renamed Australian Real Estate Investment Trusts (A-REITs) in line with international practice. 957:

in 1993 by the law 8668–93 and initially ruled by the instruction 205/94 and, nowadays, by instruction 472/08 from CVM (Comissão de Valores Mobiliários - which is the Brazilian equivalent of SEC). Locally they are described as "FII"s or "Fundos de Investimento Imobiliário". FII's dividends have been

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through various notifications is in the process of making it easier to invest in real estate in India directly and indirectly through foreign direct investment, through listed real estate companies and mutual funds. In the budget of 2014, finance minister Arun Jaitley has introduced a law for setting

636:

REITs were established in 2010, when the Finnish parliament passed "the tax exemption law" (Laki eräiden asuntojen vuokraustoimintaa harjoittavien osakeyhtiöiden verohuojennuksesta, 299/2009). Together with the "Law on Real Estate Funds" (Kiinteistörahastolaki, 1173–1997) it enables the existence of

465:

Dana Investasi Real Estat Berbentuk Kontrak Investasi Kolektif (DIREs) have lacked popularity because of high sale tax and double taxation. Until 2016, only one DIRE was established, which was in 2012. However, tax incentives plans demonstrate an intention of policymakers and lawmakers to boost the

1091:

section 856. The rules for federal income taxation of REITs are found primarily in Part II (sections 856 through 859) of Subchapter M of Chapter 1 of the Internal Revenue Code. Because a REIT is entitled to deduct dividends paid to its owners (commonly referred to as shareholders), a REIT may avoid

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For the five-year period ending in 2019, the S&P 500 index, an index of stocks for US large cap companies, returned an annualized 12.5% compared with an annualized return of 9.0% for the FTSE NAREIT All Equity REITs index. However, for the years 1972-2019 the total annualized returns were 12.1%

560:

S-REITs benefit from tax advantaged status where the tax is payable only at the investor level and not at the REITs level. In addition to REITs, there are ten Business Trusts ("BTs") (similar to REITs but may hold assets that are not conventional and are not subjected to stringent rules as compared

403:

approved creation of real estate investment trusts in the country. Indian REITs (country specific/generic version I-REITs) will help individual investors enjoy the benefits of owning an interest in the securitised real estate market. The greatest benefit will be that of fast and easy liquidation of

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Boyd Carson of Sapphire Capital Partners commented that "the most important of these advantages is the ability for REITs to be listed on the AIM and the abolition of the 2% entry charge to the regime is also a significant step forward." However, "UK-REITs are still not as cash driven as the market

906:

Doug Naismith, managing director of European Personal Investments for Fidelity International, said in 2011: "As existing markets expand and REIT-like structures are introduced in more countries, we expect to see the overall market grow by some ten percent per annum over the next five years, taking

425:

According to statistics from the Shanghai Stock Exchange, listing these two consumer infrastructure REITs has increased the total number of listed REITs to 23, with an issuance scale approaching 80 billion yuan. The Shenzhen Stock Exchange has reported that the funds raised by infrastructure REITs

286:

The issue is that DIFC domiciled REITs cannot acquire non-Freezone assets within the Emirate of Dubai. The only federally approved Freezone within the UAE is the DIFC itself so therefore any properties outside this zone are purchasable by local Gulf (GCC) passport holders only. However, through a

185:

REIT dividends have a 100 percent payout ratio for all income at lower rates. This inhibits the internal growth of the REIT and causes investors to not tolerate low or non-existent yields as the interest rates are more sensitive. Economic climates characterized by rising interest rates can cause a

809:

Created in 2009, similar to British REITs, the SOCIMI (Sociedad cotizada de Capital Inmobiliario) boosted after a policy of fiscal incentives to help recover the biggest home prices crisis in Spain, in 2013. There are more than 70 REITS in Spain, but the liquidity is low and the holding period is

582:

On 1 August 2020, the Securities and Exchange Commission of Sri Lanka (SEC) announced that REITS will be introduced as an extension of the current Unit Trust Code and the new Rules, which came into effect from 31 July 2020 is in the form of a Gazette Notification published by the SEC. These Rules

573:

created regulations to establish REITs as an investment vehicle in late 2012, opening the doors for the first REITs to be listed in 2013. There are at least two tens of REITS. Introduced in 2014 to replace the Property Funds for Public Offering (PFPO) scheme, REITs have gained popularity, and the

208:

was approved by the Capital Markets Authority in October 2015. The REIT is issued by Stanlib Kenya under the name Fahari I-Reit scheme. The REIT scheme will provide unit holders stable cash inflows from the income generating real estate properties. The unrestricted IPO will be listed on the main

478:

is in the process of implementing a REIT regulatory framework that will allow full foreign ownership, free movement of capital and unrestricted repatriation of profits. It will curb speculation in Pakistani real estate markets and gives access to small investors who want to diversify into real

421:

As of March 14, 2024, the landscape of China's Real Estate Investment Trusts (REITs) saw a significant advancement with the listing of Huaxia Jinmao Commercial REITs (508017) and Jiashi Wumei Consumer REITs (508011) on the Shanghai Stock Exchange on March 12, followed by Huaxia China Resources

902:

and Reita. The Reita campaign was launched on 16 August 2006 by the REITs and Quoted Property Group in order to provide a source of information on REITs, quoted property and related investment-funds. Reita aims to raise awareness and understanding of REITs and of investment in quoted property

270:

Commonly referred to as Real Estate Investment Fund, the regulations were launched in July 2006 by the Saudi Capital Market Authority, The regulation did not allow the funds to be traded in the stock market and forced all funds to be structured by a licensed Investment companies by CMA with a

173:

Retail REIT Taubman Centers Inc. launched the modern era of REITs in 1992 with its creation of the UPREIT. In an UPREIT, the parties of an existing partnership and a REIT become partners in a new "operating partnership". The REIT typically is the general partner and the majority owner of the

448:

In addition to REITs, Japanese law also provides for a parallel system of special purpose companies which can be used for the securitization of particular properties on the private placement basis. REIT shares targeted in 2016 accounted for 7 percent of the United States market, which were

409:

up of REITs. As in 2021, there are three REITs listed in National Stock Exchange of India. These are Embassy, Mindspace and Brookfields. Overall, the shareholding of Indian REITs is skewed towards institutional investors (mostly FPIs), with very minimal contribution from retail investors.

482:

The Securities and Exchange Commission of Pakistan expected that about six REITs would be licensed within the first year, mainly large asset management companies. Pakistan has seen an outflow of investments by foreign real estate development companies, mostly based in Malaysia and Dubai.

1002:

has passed legislation to allow for the equivalent of REITs, known as FIBRAs (Fideicomiso de Infraestructura y Bienes Raíces), to be traded in the Mexican Stock Exchange. Like REITs legislation in other countries, companies must qualify as a FIBRA by complying with the following rules:

125:

As of 2021, at least 39 countries around the world have established REITs. A comprehensive index for the REIT and the global listed property market is the FTSE EPRA/Nareit Global Real Estate Index Series, which was created jointly in October 2001 by the index provider FTSE Group,

1123:

In the United States, a REIT is a company that owns, and in most cases operates, income-producing real estate. Some REITs finance real estate. To be a REIT, a company must distribute at least 90 percent of its taxable income to shareholders annually in the form of dividends.

931:

a REIT will not be considered to be a close company if it can be made close by the inclusion of institutional investors (authorised unit trusts, OEICs, pension schemes, insurance companies and bodies which are sovereign immune)—this point makes REITs attractive investment

561:

to SREITs), and six Stapled Instruments (composed of a stapled Business Trust Unit and a REIT unit), which are listed on the Singapore Exchange. The total market capitalisation of the listed Trust on Singapore Exchange approximate SGD 100 billion (as at 30 Nov 17).

417:

CSRC (China Securities Regulatory Commission) and NDRC (National Development and Reform Commission) jointly announced the start of pilot projects in REITs on April 30, 2020. This official announcement represents the beginning of REITs in mainland China.

149:

Around the time of their creation in 1960, the first REITs primarily consisted of mortgage companies. The industry experienced significant expansion in the late 1960s and early 1970s. The growth primarily resulted from the increased use of mREITs in

364:

As of July 2012 there are nine REITs listed with a total market capitalisation of approximately €15 billion which amounts to almost 2% of the total global REIT market capitalisation. Two out of the nine listed REITs are also included in the

169:

also impacted REITs. The legislation included new rules designed to prevent taxpayers from using partnerships to shelter their earnings from other sources. Three years later, REITs witnessed significant losses in the stock market.

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of owner income. In return, REITs are required to distribute at least 90% of their taxable income into the hands of investors. The REIT structure was designed to provide a real estate investment structure similar to the structure

724:. The Government feared that failing to introduce REITs in Germany would result in a significant loss of investment capital to other countries. Nonetheless, there still is political resistance to these plans, especially from the 290:

Emirates REIT has a portfolio of over US$ 575.3 million consisting of a total of seven properties primarily focused on commercial and office space as of December 2014. It has had substantial growth over the last four years.

190:

paid by REITs look less attractive when compared to bonds that have increasing coupon rates. Also, when investors shy away from REITs, it makes it difficult for management to raise additional funds to acquire more property.

245:

as detailed in the Investment and Securities Act (ISA). The first REIT, the N50 billion Union Homes Hybrid Real Estate Investment Trust, was launched in September 2008. In November 2015 there were three listed REITS on the

73:

on major exchanges, publicly registered but non-listed, or private. The two main types of REITs are equity REITs and mortgage REITs (mREITs). In November 2014, equity REITs were recognized as a distinct asset class in the

624:

in 2004 with the Special Purpose Investment Companies Act. They are pass-through entities for corporate income tax purposes (i.e., they are not subject to corporate income-tax), but are subject to numerous restrictions.

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REITs have to be established as public listed companies (julkinen osakeyhtiö, Oyj) for this specific purpose. When the REIT is established the minimum equity is 5M€ and it has to be distributed over five separate

321:

REITs have shown numerous benefits over direct investment including lower tax rates and increased liquidity. There are now more than 70 A-REITs listed on the ASX, with market capitalization in excess of A$ 100bn.

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provide for investment in stocks. REITs are strong income vehicles because, to avoid incurring liability for U.S. federal income tax, REITs generally must pay out an amount equal to at least 90 percent of their

444:

A J-REIT (a listed real estate investment trust) is strictly regulated under the Law concerning Investment Trusts and Investment Companies (LITIC) and established as an investment company under the LITIC.

3924: 2320: 2237: 2290: 325:

Australia is also receiving growing recognition as having the world's largest REITs market outside the United States. More than 12 percent of global listed property trusts can be found on the ASX.

3350: 250:: Skye Shelter Fund, Union Home and UPDC. A Haldane McCall REIT did not list after failing to reach the minimum 50% subscription in a January 2015 initial public offer amid poor market prospects. 2356: 174:

operating partnership units, and the partners who contributed properties have the right to exchange their operating partnership units for REIT shares or cash. The industry struggled during the

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have been in place after the Real Estate Investment Trust Act of 2009 (Republic Act No. 9856) passed into law on December 17, 2009. Its Implementing Rules and Regulations were approved by the

894:

To support the introduction of REITs in the UK, several commercial property and financial-services companies formed the REITs and Quoted Property Group. Other key bodies involved include the

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at least 70% of assets must be invested in financing or owning of real estate assets, with the remaining amount invested in government-issued securities or debt-instrument mutual funds.

1939: 1725: 1524: 513:

which had its public offering in August of the same year. However foreign investors still have poor reception towards REITs during that year when there was also a prevailing

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incurring all or part of its liabilities for U.S. federal income tax. To qualify as a REIT, an organization makes an "election" to do so by filing a Form 1120-REIT with the

2076:

REITs Around the World: Your Guide to Real Estate Investment Trusts in Nearly 40 Countries for Inflation Protection, Currency Hedging, Risk Management and Diversification

928:

a REIT now has a three-year grace period before having to comply with close company rules (a close company is a company under the control of five or fewer investors)

925:

quoted (the London Stock Exchange's international market for smaller growing companies)—making a listing more attractive due to reduced costs and greater flexibility

2805: 2331: 2861: 1874: 2694: 777:

The German public real-estate sector accounts for 0.21% of the total global REIT market capitalization. Three out of the four G-REITS are represented in the

570: 127: 2635: 2298: 1637: 1013:

If shares, known as Certificados de Participación Inmobiliarios or CPIs, are issued privately, there must be more than 10 unrelated investors in the FIBRA.

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The U.S. Congress enacted the law providing for REITs in 1960. The law was intended to provide a real estate investment structure similar to the one that

3301: 107:

signed Public Law 86-779, sometimes called the Cigar Excise Tax Extension of 1960. The law was enacted to allow all investors to invest in large-scale,

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companies. It does this primarily through its portal www.reita.org, providing knowledge, education and tools for financial advisers and investors.

503: 3233: 3671: 3564: 1087:, a REIT is "any corporation, trust or association that acts as an investment agent specializing in real estate and real estate mortgages" under 2493: 1925: 1468: 2185: 475: 3254: 2656: 2210: 66:. REITs have been criticised as enabling speculation on housing, and reducing housing affordability, without increasing finance for building. 4619: 3631: 1514:

Section 10(a) of Public Law no. 86-779, 74 Stat. 998, 1003-1008 (Sept. 14, 1960), enacting Internal Revenue Code sections 856, 857 and 858.

479:

estate. The Securities and Exchange Commission of Pakistan is proposing a regulatory framework similar to that of Singapore and Hong Kong.

238: 134:(EPRA). As of 29 January 2021, the global index included 490 stock exchange listed real estate companies from 39 countries representing an 1301:"In Real Estate Investment We Trust: State De-risking and the Ownership of Listed US and German Residential Real Estate Investment Trusts" 2831: 2392: 4574: 1756: 1732: 2749: 2090: 1118: 1072: 3940: 840:

sections 518 to 609) and came into effect in January 2007 when nine UK property-companies converted to REIT status, including five

4080: 1377: 1228: 1178: 782: 370: 345:

on behalf of the Hong Kong Government. Since 2005, there have been seven REIT listings as at July 2007, most of which, including

311: 305: 131: 75: 2418: 509:

Regulations on REITs was relaxed in January 2020 which led to the establishment of the first REIT in the country, AREIT Inc. of

457:

The Bursa Malaysia has 18 REIT listed with five Islamic REITS (shariah compliant – according to Islamic investment compliance).

114:

of income-producing real estate in the same way they typically invest in other asset classes – through the purchase and sale of

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announced that they planned to introduce REITs in 2007. The legal details seem to adopt much of the British REIT regulation.

405: 3979: 732: 3444:

Internal Revenue Code Sect. 582(c)(2) (defining financial institutions for these purposes); Internal Revenue Code Sect. 801

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Have no more than 50% of the shares held by five or fewer individuals during the last half of each taxable year (5/50 rule)

709:

is the second-largest publicly traded property company in France, with the third-highest asset value among European REITs.

280: 2912: 3557: 3150: 241:(SEC) issued the first set of guidelines for the registration and issuance of requirements for the operation of REITs in 4604: 1490: 725: 2809: 1926:"Arun Jaitley's Budget 2014-15 promises big push to real estate and the first company to trade is always now existing" 381:

with a total market capitalisation of €1.8 billion, Fortune REIT with a total market capitalisation of €1 billion and

4402: 4085: 1770: 1446: 798: 346: 2780: 373:(EPRA). The current top five REITs in Hong Kong are The Link REIT with a total market capitalisation of €8 billion, 3528: 2869: 1977: 1882: 918:

the abolition of the 2% entry charge to join the regime—this should make REITs more attractive due to reduced costs

770:

The corporation is income-tax-exempt, but the shareholders will have to pay individual income tax on the dividends.

670:

The corporation is income-tax-exempt, but the shareholders will have to pay individual income tax on the dividends.

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in May 2010. However, it failed to attract investors due to its restrictive tax policies and high friction cost.

404:

investments in the real estate market unlike the traditional way of disposing of real estate. The government and

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The largest individual shareholder may own less than 10% of company shares (maximum 30% till the end of 2013).

118:. The first REIT was American Realty Trust founded by Thomas J. Broyhill, cousin of Virginia U.S. Congressman 4665: 3656: 3212: 922: 3129: 659:

At least 90% of the REIT's taxable income, excluding unrealised capital gains, has to be distributed to its

350: 4569: 4118: 3914: 984: 4518: 4508: 4075: 3849: 3036: 3018: 899: 342: 259: 490:

REIT Management Company, Eden Developers REIT Management Company and SB Global REIT Management Company.

4175: 4065: 3688: 1096:, and by meeting certain other requirements. The purpose of this designation is to reduce or eliminate 2581: 1835: 4123: 4020: 3972: 3636: 3605: 3258: 2445:"REIT in Thailand ( Real Estate Investment Trust ), listed on the Stock Exchange of Thailand ( SET )" 1825:

Mahipal Singh, Security Analysis with Investment and Portfolio Management, Isha Books 2011, page 145.

1244: 1165: 873: 262:, according to the SA REIT Association, which said market capitalization was more than R455 billion. 108: 1010:

Acquired or developed real estate assets must be income generating and held for at least four years.

4035: 3844: 3758: 1860: 1322: 1093: 837: 823: 574:

total market capitalisation has reached THB 85 billion across two million square metres of assets.

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By October 2015 there were 33 South African REITS and three non-South African REITs listed on the

4651: 4317: 4206: 4055: 3919: 3904: 3878: 3873: 3723: 3651: 3593: 3182: 1424: 1223: 1022: 967: 394: 354: 247: 3004: 4417: 4377: 4143: 3899: 3813: 1552: 1402: 869: 166: 155: 62:

Most countries' laws on REITs entitle a real estate company to pay less in corporation tax and

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to shareholders. REITs have been excluded from the income trust tax legislation passed in the

891:. The EPRA in Brussels each year publishes a breakdown of the UK REIT structure requirements. 883:

British REITs have to distribute 90% of their income to investors. They must be a close-ended

4478: 4458: 4432: 4422: 4382: 4250: 4211: 4113: 4070: 4060: 4045: 4025: 3713: 3573: 2396: 1213: 1088: 1060: 895: 857: 138: 87: 4639: 4392: 4322: 4185: 4128: 4050: 4040: 4030: 3965: 3703: 3599: 1218: 438: 437:

permitted the establishment of REITs in December 2001. J-REIT securities are traded on the

226: 222: 104: 1953: 27:, pronounced "reet") is a company that owns, and in most cases operates, income-producing 8: 4549: 4372: 4367: 4201: 4106: 4101: 3666: 3328: 3306: 3103: 2621: 2001: 1278: 310:

The REIT concept was launched in Australia in 1971. General Property Trust was the first

111: 3060: 4599: 4473: 4427: 4407: 4240: 4221: 4163: 4138: 3868: 3778: 3743: 2133: 747: 721: 526: 358: 82:. The key statistics to examine the financial position and operation of a REIT include 2563: 2542: 1669: 1354: 1325: 361:) to improve initial yields has also been cited as having reduced investors' interest 4503: 4312: 4295: 4255: 4180: 4170: 4148: 4133: 3739: 2962: 2937: 2422: 1750: 1692: 1535: 988: 739: 514: 486:

SECP has issued licenses to four parties namely, Arif Habib REIT Management Company,

63: 3283: 1071:

for the S&P 500 versus 13.3% for the FTSE NAREIT index. There are more than 190

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Investments in residential properties built before 1 January 2007 are not permitted.

4523: 4498: 4397: 4339: 4300: 4260: 3787: 3753: 3621: 2987: 1198: 1149:

Have 95 percent of its income derived from dividends, interest, and property income

1020:

The first Mexican REIT was launched in 2011 and is called FIBRA UNO. According to

976: 911: 884: 841: 833: 819: 656:

At least 80% of the REIT's gross revenues must come from residential rental income.

159: 151: 4387: 4334: 3828: 3818: 3808: 3803: 3783: 3581: 2754: 1299:

Aalbers, Manuel; Taylor, J. Zac; Klingec, J. Tobias; Fernandezd, Rodrigo (2023).

1265:

A Random Walk Down Wall Street: The Time-Tested Strategy for Successful Investing

1183: 1101: 1064: 877: 702: 466:

competitiveness of the market, and to encourage DIREs to be listed domestically.

115: 83: 70: 48: 32: 3284:"UPREITs, Down-REITs And Other REIT Vehicles: Should You Go Along For The Ride?" 2892:"Reita - UK REITs - Real Estate Investment Trust and property investment portal" 1300: 4614: 4594: 4554: 4493: 4275: 4245: 3862: 3773: 3763: 2916: 2640: 1859:

Tim LeeMaster & Yvonne Liu, "Swire considers Festival Walk reit", Page B1,

1045: 980: 888: 829: 597: 4681: 4412: 4344: 4329: 4158: 3858: 3823: 3708: 3683: 3646: 3611: 2891: 1696: 1234: 1097: 544: 378: 374: 338: 135: 119: 2636:"Gecina Reports First-Half Profit as French Company's Properties Gain Value" 1940:"Better late than never! Investors finally lap up Indian REITs & InvITs" 1494: 536:

Code on Collective Investment Schemes, or alternatively as Business Trusts.

525:

Commonly referred to as S-REITs, there are more than 40 REITs listed on the

4584: 4483: 4468: 4442: 4265: 4231: 3909: 3854: 3661: 1616:"FTSE Russell Factsheet:FTSE EPRA Nareit Global & Global ex US Indices" 1239: 1193: 845: 449:

subsequently sold for less than half of the initial value at $ 31 billion.

179: 797:. Irish based REITs include Hibernia REIT, Green REIT, Yew Grove REIT and 793:

The 2013 Finance Act contained provisions for creating REIT structures in

697:(which are two other kinds of real-estate trusts not publicly listed). In 653:

At least 80% of its assets have to be invested in residential real-estate.

4609: 4463: 4285: 4280: 4153: 3988: 3883: 3641: 1208: 1106: 1053: 1040: 865: 760: 660: 499: 28: 3542: 3380: 2444: 1594: 756:

At least 75% of the G-REIT's gross revenues must be real-estate related.

720:

planned to introduce REITs in order to create a new type of real estate

4564: 4437: 3748: 3718: 3626: 3616: 1339:"Residential shut out fears for UK Reits played down after German move" 1188: 1161:

Derive at least 75% of its gross income from rents or mortgage interest

975:

REITs were established in 1993. They are required to be configured as

778: 759:

At least 90% of the REIT's taxable income has to be distributed to its

510: 366: 349:

have not enjoyed success because of low yield. Except for The Link and

3210: 422:

Commercial REITs (180601) on the Shenzhen Stock Exchange on March 14.

1788: 1267:(completed revised and updated ed.). W. W. Norton & Company. 935:

the interest cover test of 1.25 times finance costs is not as onerous

849: 609: 487: 334: 40: 36: 3364: 1383:. USC Lusk Center for Real Estate. University of Southern California 4544: 4488: 4290: 4216: 3999: 2838: 1573: 1049: 764: 664: 621: 187: 44: 158:

authorized REITs to be established as corporations in addition to

2091:"Japan-based REITs have dumped over half their US stocks: report" 1137:

Have transferable shares or transferable certificates of interest

853: 794: 717: 633: 605: 601: 539:

Some of the regulations that S-REITs have to adhere to includes:

532:

S-REITs are regulated as Collective Investment Schemes under the

242: 2052: 1881:. European Public Real Estate Association (EPRA). Archived from 746:

REITs have to be established as corporations—"REIT-AG" or "REIT-

553:

Restriction to certain types of investments the S-REITs can make

271:

presence of a real estate developer and some other key persons.

4349: 3532: 999: 972: 954: 706: 698: 677:

As of 2018 Orava Residential REIT is the only REIT in Finland.

498:

The legal framework enabling the establishment of REITs in the

56: 3957: 3524:

Nareit - National Association of Real Estate Investment Trusts

1298: 1059:

From 2008 to 2011, REITs faced challenges from both a slowing

753:

At least 75% of its assets have to be invested in real estate.

357:(IPO) price. Hong Kong issuers' use of financial engineering ( 209:

investment market segment of the Nairobi Securities Exchange.

4305: 3693: 2251: 2186:"Philippines' young REIT market snubbed by foreign investors" 1158:

Have at least 75% of its total assets invested in real estate

1016:

The FIBRA must distribute 95% of annual profits to investors.

861: 434: 400: 218: 205: 52: 3213:"The Infrastructure and Real Estate Trust in Mexico (FIBRA)" 1378:"Listed and Non-Listed Reits: Exploring the Cost Difference" 31:. REITs own many types of commercial real estate, including 4270: 2128: 1127:

To qualify as a REIT under U.S. tax rules, a company must:

79: 2494:"Bernheim Comofi richt vastgoedbevak op van 10 miljard fr" 1447:"Real Estate Slated for Eleventh Headline Sector in GICS®" 1152:

Pay dividends of at least 90% of the REIT's taxable income

987:

by the Conservative government. Many Canadian REITs have

738:

A law concerning REITs was enacted 1 June 2007, effective

353:, share prices of all but one are significantly below the 3061:"Monoativo: saiba o que é e como funciona • Mais Retorno" 2868:. European Public Real Estate Association. Archived from 2701:. European Public Real Estate Association. Archived from 914:

brought five main changes to the REIT regime in the UK:

3351:"REIT and Publicly Traded Real Estate Company Directory" 921:

relaxation of the listing requirements—REITs can now be

103:

REITs were created in the United States after President

3370:

CCH 2008 U.S. Master Tax Guide, paragr. 2326, page 681.

2276: 1771:"Low subscription aborts Haldane McCall's N13 Reit IPO" 3537: 3523: 3484:

Internal Revenue Code sections 856(h)(1) and 542(a)(2)

1143:

Not be a financial institution or an insurance company

828:

The legislation laying out the rules for REITs in the

122:

in 1961 who pushed for the creation under Eisenhower.

2725:"Real Estate Investment Trusts introduced in Ireland" 2543:"FINLEX ® - Ajantasainen lainsäädäntö: 24.4.2009/299" 1595:"Investing in Listed Real Estate - IPE Reference Hub" 1131:

Be structured as a corporation, trust, or association

1073:

public REITs listed on exchanges in the United States

3175:

Morrissey, Janet; Grant, Peter (November 10, 2016),

385:

with a total market capitalisation of €700 million.

377:

with a total market capitalisation of €2.3 billion,

2654: 2596:"Unibail-Rodamco announces the approval by the AMF" 1821: 1819: 3448:(defining insurance companies for these purposes). 1541:. "Securities and Exchange Commission. 1977-03-21. 556:Distribution of at least 90% of its taxable income 90:(FFO), and adjusted funds from operations (AFFO). 2781:"¿Qué es una sociedad de inversión inmobiliaria?" 2211:"AREIT, a trailblazer in the country's REIT path" 314:(LPT) on the Australian stock exchanges (now the 4679: 2072: 1816: 1652:"Screening For High-Yielding High-Quality REITs" 1164:Have no more than 25% of its assets invested in 3672:Qualifying investor alternative investment fund 3101: 2750:"Reit dividends increase tenfold in four years" 1525:"Realty Trust Wins Fraud Action Brought by SEC" 1469:"The Most Important Metrics for REIT Investing" 979:and are not taxed if they distribute their net 3538:EPRA - European Public Real Estate Association 3278: 3276: 3174: 1553:"History of REITs & Real Estate Investing" 1140:Otherwise be taxable as a domestic corporation 1134:Be managed by a board of directors or trustees 476:Securities and Exchange Commission of Pakistan 16:Company that owns income-producing real estate 4620:List of housing markets by real estate prices 3973: 3558: 3170: 3168: 3632:Labour-sponsored venture capital corporation 3511:Internal Revenue Code sect. 856(c)(4)(B)(ii) 3211:Luis F. Moreno Trevino, Julio Planas Vidal. 2469:"Are Thai REITs better than property funds?" 2321:"MAS: Code of Collective Investment Schemes" 2129:"Breaking News, World News & Multimedia" 1640:. U.S. News & World Report. 8 June 2018. 887:and be UK-resident and publicly listed on a 3329:"REITs vs. Stocks: What Does the Data Say?" 3273: 3067:(in Brazilian Portuguese). 18 February 2020 4660: 3980: 3966: 3944: 3565: 3551: 3302:"Pummeled by the recession, REITs rebound" 3165: 3102:Mark Rothschild (November–December 2005). 3572: 3383:. U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission 3123: 2179: 2177: 1685:"Looming Rate Rise Weighs on REIT Shares" 1119:List of public REITs in the United States 194: 3206: 3204: 3202: 3200: 3198: 2938:"UK REITS SapphireCapitalPartners.co.uk" 2778: 186:net negative effect on REIT shares. The 178:, after which listed REITs responded by 3440:Internal Revenue Code Sect. 856(a)(4). 3381:"Real Estate Investment Trusts (REITs)" 3041:Brazilian Federal Government - Planalto 3023:Brazilian Federal Government - Planalto 2988:"The REIT Niche and the UK REIT Market" 2806:"REITs (Real Estate Investment Trusts)" 2622:"Gecina largest office space in France" 2157:"The Future of REIT in the Philippines" 1279:"Real Estate Investment Trusts (REITs)" 1262: 1229:Real estate mortgage investment conduit 1179:Australian real estate investment trust 1146:Be jointly owned by 100 persons or more 783:European Public Real Estate Association 604:REITs in 1995 with the constitution of 371:European Public Real Estate Association 312:Australian real estate investment trust 306:Australian real estate investment trust 279:The REIT legislation was introduced by 274: 132:European Public Real Estate Association 76:Global Industry Classification Standard 4680: 3457:Internal Revenue Code Sect. 856(a)(5). 3234:"Mexican REIT FIBRA Uno Raises $ 300M" 2174: 1755:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title ( 1349: 1347: 406:Securities and Exchange Board of India 3961: 3546: 3493:Internal Revenue Code sect. 856(c)(4) 3466:Internal Revenue Code Sect. 856(c)(2) 3428:Internal Revenue Code Sect. 856(a)(3) 3419:Internal Revenue Code Sect. 856(a)(2) 3410:Internal Revenue Code Sect. 856(a)(1) 3195: 2774: 2772: 2692: 2512:"Real Estate Investments in Bulgaria" 2238:"An overview of the S-Reit landscape" 2023: 2021: 1375: 907:the market to $ 1 trillion by 2010." 4647: 3502:Internal Revenue Code sect 856(c)(4) 3128:. InvestingDaily.com. Archived from 2252:"CapitaLand Mall Trust :: Home" 2183: 2154: 2053:"History Timeline of J-REIT History" 1875:"Global REIT Survey 2012: Hong Kong" 1204:List of real estate investment firms 281:Dubai International Financial Centre 3178:A Young Mexican REIT Market Evolves 3104:"Spotlight on North America/Canada" 2235: 1574:"Global Real Estate Index Launches" 1344: 650:Minimum holding period: five years. 294: 13: 4605:Undergraduate real estate programs 3475:Internal Revenue Code sect. 857(a) 3401:Internal Revenue Code Sect. 856(a) 2832:"UK REITs a summary of the regime" 2769: 2695:"Global REIT Survey 2012: Germany" 2018: 1682: 1638:"What Higher Rates Mean for REITs" 1109:provide for investment in stocks. 608:. Others REITs in Belgium include 571:Securities and Exchange Commission 550:Annual valuation of its properties 504:Securities and Exchange Commission 351:Regal Real Estate Investment Trust 239:Securities and Exchange Commission 14: 4699: 4403:Investment rating for real estate 3517: 2680:See § 1 (1) a and § 3 (9) of the 2657:"G-Reit news for German property" 2093:. The Real Deal. 31 October 2018. 1376:Green, Richard K.; Rhea, Parker. 813: 685:The French acronyms for REIT are 637:tax-efficient residential REITs. 534:Monetary Authority of Singapore's 78:by S&P Dow Jones Indices and 4659: 4646: 4634: 4633: 3943: 3936: 3935: 3505: 3496: 3487: 3478: 3469: 3460: 3451: 3431: 3422: 3126:"REIT Investing, Canadian Style" 2859: 2659:. citywire.co.uk. Archived from 2002:"华夏华润商业REIT基金行情_优势_走势_评级 - 华夏基金" 1954:"华夏金茂商业REIT基金行情_优势_走势_评级 - 华夏基金" 1836:"Reits & remf (Real Estate)" 1029: 864:. The other four companies were 441:among other exchanges in Japan. 333:REITs have been in existence in 217:REITs have been in existence in 3987: 3413: 3404: 3395: 3373: 3343: 3321: 3294: 3247: 3226: 3143: 3117: 3095: 3078: 3053: 3029: 3011: 2997: 2980: 2963:"Sapphire Capital Partners LLP" 2955: 2930: 2905: 2884: 2853: 2824: 2798: 2742: 2717: 2686: 2674: 2655:Alan O'Sullivan (1 June 2007). 2648: 2628: 2614: 2588: 2574: 2556: 2535: 2504: 2486: 2461: 2437: 2411: 2385: 2349: 2313: 2283: 2269: 2244: 2229: 2203: 2148: 2121: 2097: 2083: 2066: 2045: 2029:"两单消费基础设施REITs在上交所上市 | 上海证券交易所" 1994: 1970: 1946: 1932: 1918: 1896: 1866: 1853: 1828: 1795: 1781: 1763: 1718: 1709: 1676: 1662: 1644: 1630: 1608: 1587: 1566: 1545: 1517: 1508: 1483: 1461: 1439: 689:(publicly listed), contrary to 265: 253: 4560:Graduate real estate education 4005:Tertiary sector of the economy 3769:Socially responsible investing 3699:Split capital investment trust 2779:Olivares, David (2019-03-05). 1872: 1789:"News for SA Reit Association" 1417: 1395: 1369: 1331: 1315: 1292: 1271: 1256: 1078: 493: 316:Australian Securities Exchange 1: 4688:Real estate investment trusts 3657:Open-ended investment company 3529:Real Estate Investment Trusts 2967:sapphirecapitalpartners.co.uk 2942:sapphirecapitalpartners.co.uk 2862:"Global REIT Survey 2012: UK" 1250: 923:Alternative Investment Market 4514:Real estate investment trust 4119:Extraterrestrial real estate 3915:Returns-based style analysis 3678:Real estate investment trust 2808:. ShareWorld. Archived from 1112: 1034: 577: 520: 460: 369:, an index published by the 328: 299: 154:and construction deals. The 144: 21:real estate investment trust 7: 4519:Real property administrator 4509:Real estate investment club 3850:Efficient-market hypothesis 2582:"Orava - NASDAQ OMX NORDIC" 1263:Malkiel, Burton G. (2018). 1172: 1085:U.S. Federal income tax law 943: 900:British Property Federation 615: 564: 469: 452: 343:Hong Kong Housing Authority 260:Johannesburg Stock Exchange 98: 10: 4704: 4176:Private equity real estate 3689:Short-term investment fund 3257:. reit.com. Archived from 3151:"Fibras Get Their Footing" 2913:"Olympia Capital Research" 2602:. Bloomberg. 29 March 2018 2184:Endo, Jun (2 March 2021). 1803:"Lahiya Sanadeek (Aqaree)" 1493:. Reit.com. Archived from 1337:See A. O'Sullivan (2006), 1116: 965: 817: 788: 781:, an index managed by the 712: 628: 591: 392: 303: 232: 176:2007–2008 financial crisis 93: 4628: 4532: 4451: 4358: 4230: 4194: 4124:International real estate 4094: 4013: 3995: 3933: 3892: 3837: 3796: 3732: 3637:Listed investment company 3606:Fonds commun de placement 3580: 3019:"Lei 11.196 - art.3, III" 2109:signon.thomsonreuters.com 2105:"Practical Law US Signon" 2073:Stooker, Richard (2011). 1425:"Guide to Mortgage REITs" 1245:Taxable REIT subsidiaries 1166:taxable REIT subsidiaries 994: 961: 953:REITs were introduced in 948: 874:Primary Health Properties 680: 620:REITs were introduced in 586: 141:of about $ 1.7 trillion. 3845:Arbitrage pricing theory 3255:"REIT Industry Timeline" 3236:. Institutional Investor 3091:(in Portuguese). ANBIMA. 1861:South China Morning Post 1672:. PodBean. 29 June 2018. 1670:"Keeping it Real Estate" 1491:"REIT 50 Years Timeline" 1323:Corporation Tax Act 2010 1094:Internal Revenue Service 868:(now known as "SEGRO"), 838:Corporation Tax Act 2010 824:Corporation Tax Act 2010 804: 429: 412: 388: 212: 199: 4318:Real estate transaction 4207:Real estate development 3920:Traditional investments 3905:Commodity pool operator 3879:Noisy market hypothesis 3874:Modern portfolio theory 3724:Unitised insurance fund 3652:Open-ended fund company 3594:Common contractual fund 3183:The Wall Street Journal 2866:Global REIT Survey 2012 2699:Global REIT Survey 2012 1689:The Wall Street Journal 1471:. Simply Safe Dividends 1403:"Guide to Equity REITs" 1224:Real estate development 1023:The Wall Street Journal 968:List of REITs in Canada 726:Social Democratic Party 395:Business Trust in India 355:initial public offering 248:Nigerian Stock Exchange 4418:Real estate derivative 4378:Effective gross income 4144:Healthcare real estate 3900:Alternative investment 3814:Institutional investor 940:would likely prefer". 870:Great Portland Estates 195:Africa and Middle east 167:Tax Reform Act of 1986 156:Tax Reform Act of 1976 4575:Industry trade groups 4479:Exclusive buyer agent 4433:Real estate valuation 4423:Real estate economics 4383:Gross rent multiplier 4212:Real estate investing 4114:Corporate Real Estate 3714:Unit investment trust 3574:Investment management 1214:Real estate investing 1089:Internal Revenue Code 1061:United States economy 896:London Stock Exchange 858:Liberty International 705:is the largest SIIC. 596:Bernheim Comofi (now 139:market capitalization 88:funds from operations 4393:Highest and best use 4359:Economics, financing 4323:Real estate contract 4217:Real estate flipping 4186:Residential property 4129:Lease administration 4081:United Arab Emirates 3704:Tax transparent fund 3600:Exchange-traded fund 2812:on 10 September 2010 2449:www.thaiwebsites.com 2236:DBS (26 June 2023). 1219:Real estate business 439:Tokyo Stock Exchange 341:was launched by the 275:United Arab Emirates 223:Home Finance Company 105:Dwight D. Eisenhower 39:buildings, studios, 4373:Capitalization rate 4368:Asset-based lending 4202:Property management 4107:Commercial building 4102:Commercial property 3759:Manager of managers 3667:Private-equity fund 3307:The Washington Post 3086:"DELIBERAÇÃO Nº 62" 2419:"REITs in Thailand" 832:was enacted in the 742:to 1 January 2007: 733:ministry of finance 399:As of August 2014, 359:interest rate swaps 4600:Real estate trends 4504:Real estate broker 4474:Chartered Surveyor 4428:Real estate bubble 4408:Mortgage insurance 4241:Adverse possession 4164:Luxury real estate 4139:Garden real estate 3869:Martingale pricing 3779:Thematic investing 3744:passive management 3215:. Haynes and Boone 2256:www.capitamall.com 2161:KMC MAG Group. Inc 2155:Nordberg, Antton. 2134:The New York Times 1904:"Worldwide Wisdom" 1879:Global REIT Survey 1775:The Nation Nigeria 1529:Washingtonpost.com 1305:Economic Geography 748:Aktiengesellschaft 722:investment vehicle 527:Singapore Exchange 204:The first REIT in 57:commercial forests 4675: 4674: 4313:Property abstract 4296:Land registration 4256:Concurrent estate 4181:Real estate owned 4171:Off-plan property 4149:Vacation property 4134:Niche real estate 3955: 3954: 3733:Investment styles 3181:, New York City: 2564:"19.12.1997/1173" 2500:. 29 August 2013. 2399:on 28 August 2013 1536:"SEC News Digest" 1355:"What is a REIT?" 989:limited liability 731:In June 2006 the 515:COVID-19 pandemic 337:since 2005, when 116:liquid securities 64:capital gains tax 4695: 4663: 4662: 4650: 4649: 4637: 4636: 4580:Investment firms 4499:Property manager 4398:Home equity loan 4301:Leasehold estate 4261:Conditional sale 3982: 3975: 3968: 3959: 3958: 3947: 3946: 3939: 3938: 3788:growth investing 3754:Impact investing 3622:Investment trust 3567: 3560: 3553: 3544: 3543: 3512: 3509: 3503: 3500: 3494: 3491: 3485: 3482: 3476: 3473: 3467: 3464: 3458: 3455: 3449: 3435: 3429: 3426: 3420: 3417: 3411: 3408: 3402: 3399: 3393: 3392: 3390: 3388: 3377: 3371: 3368: 3362: 3361: 3359: 3357: 3347: 3341: 3340: 3338: 3336: 3325: 3319: 3318: 3316: 3314: 3298: 3292: 3291: 3280: 3271: 3270: 3268: 3266: 3251: 3245: 3244: 3242: 3241: 3230: 3224: 3223: 3221: 3220: 3208: 3193: 3192: 3191: 3189: 3172: 3163: 3162: 3160: 3158: 3147: 3141: 3140: 3138: 3137: 3121: 3115: 3114: 3112: 3111: 3099: 3093: 3092: 3090: 3082: 3076: 3075: 3073: 3072: 3057: 3051: 3050: 3048: 3047: 3033: 3027: 3026: 3015: 3009: 3008: 3005:"ICVM472 - FIIs" 3001: 2995: 2994: 2992: 2984: 2978: 2977: 2975: 2973: 2959: 2953: 2952: 2950: 2948: 2934: 2928: 2927: 2925: 2924: 2915:. Archived from 2909: 2903: 2902: 2900: 2899: 2888: 2882: 2881: 2879: 2877: 2860:Rowe, Rosalind. 2857: 2851: 2850: 2848: 2846: 2836: 2828: 2822: 2821: 2819: 2817: 2802: 2796: 2795: 2793: 2792: 2776: 2767: 2766: 2764: 2762: 2746: 2740: 2739: 2737: 2735: 2729: 2721: 2715: 2714: 2712: 2710: 2693:Hackemann, Tim. 2690: 2684: 2678: 2672: 2671: 2669: 2668: 2663:on June 17, 2021 2652: 2646: 2645: 2632: 2626: 2625: 2618: 2612: 2611: 2609: 2607: 2592: 2586: 2585: 2578: 2572: 2571: 2560: 2554: 2553: 2551: 2550: 2539: 2533: 2532: 2530: 2529: 2523: 2517:. Archived from 2516: 2508: 2502: 2501: 2490: 2484: 2483: 2481: 2480: 2465: 2459: 2458: 2456: 2455: 2441: 2435: 2434: 2432: 2430: 2425:on 22 April 2014 2421:. Archived from 2415: 2409: 2408: 2406: 2404: 2395:. Archived from 2389: 2383: 2382: 2380: 2378: 2373:on 20 March 2012 2372: 2366:. Archived from 2361: 2353: 2347: 2346: 2344: 2342: 2336: 2330:. Archived from 2325: 2317: 2311: 2310: 2308: 2306: 2297:. Archived from 2287: 2281: 2280: 2273: 2267: 2266: 2264: 2262: 2248: 2242: 2241: 2233: 2227: 2226: 2224: 2222: 2207: 2201: 2200: 2198: 2196: 2181: 2172: 2171: 2169: 2167: 2152: 2146: 2145: 2143: 2141: 2125: 2119: 2118: 2116: 2115: 2101: 2095: 2094: 2087: 2081: 2080: 2070: 2064: 2063: 2061: 2059: 2049: 2043: 2042: 2040: 2039: 2025: 2016: 2015: 2013: 2012: 2006:www.chinaamc.com 1998: 1992: 1991: 1989: 1988: 1978:"基本信息 | 上海证券交易所" 1974: 1968: 1967: 1965: 1964: 1958:www.chinaamc.com 1950: 1944: 1943: 1936: 1930: 1929: 1922: 1916: 1915: 1913: 1911: 1900: 1894: 1893: 1891: 1890: 1870: 1864: 1857: 1851: 1850: 1848: 1847: 1832: 1826: 1823: 1814: 1813: 1807: 1799: 1793: 1792: 1785: 1779: 1778: 1767: 1761: 1760: 1754: 1746: 1744: 1743: 1737: 1731:. Archived from 1730: 1722: 1716: 1715:Nation Newspaper 1713: 1707: 1706: 1704: 1703: 1680: 1674: 1673: 1666: 1660: 1659: 1648: 1642: 1641: 1634: 1628: 1627: 1625: 1623: 1612: 1606: 1605: 1603: 1601: 1591: 1585: 1584: 1582: 1580: 1570: 1564: 1563: 1561: 1559: 1549: 1543: 1542: 1540: 1532: 1521: 1515: 1512: 1506: 1505: 1503: 1502: 1487: 1481: 1480: 1478: 1476: 1465: 1459: 1458: 1456: 1454: 1443: 1437: 1436: 1434: 1432: 1421: 1415: 1414: 1412: 1410: 1399: 1393: 1392: 1390: 1388: 1382: 1373: 1367: 1366: 1364: 1362: 1351: 1342: 1335: 1329: 1319: 1313: 1312: 1296: 1290: 1289: 1287: 1285: 1275: 1269: 1268: 1260: 1199:Investment trust 1100:, thus avoiding 912:Finance Act 2012 885:investment trust 842:FTSE 100 members 834:Finance Act 2006 820:English land law 384: 295:Asia and Pacific 221:since 1994. The 152:land development 49:shopping centers 4703: 4702: 4698: 4697: 4696: 4694: 4693: 4692: 4678: 4677: 4676: 4671: 4624: 4528: 4447: 4388:Hard money loan 4360: 4354: 4335:Rent regulation 4226: 4190: 4090: 4009: 3991: 3986: 3956: 3951: 3929: 3888: 3833: 3829:Performance fee 3819:Net asset value 3809:Fund governance 3804:Closed-end fund 3792: 3728: 3585: 3583: 3576: 3571: 3520: 3515: 3510: 3506: 3501: 3497: 3492: 3488: 3483: 3479: 3474: 3470: 3465: 3461: 3456: 3452: 3436: 3432: 3427: 3423: 3418: 3414: 3409: 3405: 3400: 3396: 3386: 3384: 3379: 3378: 3374: 3369: 3365: 3355: 3353: 3349: 3348: 3344: 3334: 3332: 3331:. 5 August 2020 3327: 3326: 3322: 3312: 3310: 3300: 3299: 3295: 3282: 3281: 3274: 3264: 3262: 3253: 3252: 3248: 3239: 3237: 3232: 3231: 3227: 3218: 3216: 3209: 3196: 3187: 3185: 3173: 3166: 3156: 3154: 3149: 3148: 3144: 3135: 3133: 3124:David Dittman. 3122: 3118: 3109: 3107: 3100: 3096: 3088: 3084: 3083: 3079: 3070: 3068: 3059: 3058: 3054: 3045: 3043: 3035: 3034: 3030: 3017: 3016: 3012: 3003: 3002: 2998: 2990: 2986: 2985: 2981: 2971: 2969: 2961: 2960: 2956: 2946: 2944: 2936: 2935: 2931: 2922: 2920: 2911: 2910: 2906: 2897: 2895: 2890: 2889: 2885: 2875: 2873: 2858: 2854: 2844: 2842: 2834: 2830: 2829: 2825: 2815: 2813: 2804: 2803: 2799: 2790: 2788: 2777: 2770: 2760: 2758: 2755:The Irish Times 2748: 2747: 2743: 2733: 2731: 2730:. EY REIT Alert 2727: 2723: 2722: 2718: 2708: 2706: 2691: 2687: 2682:German REIT Act 2679: 2675: 2666: 2664: 2653: 2649: 2634: 2633: 2629: 2620: 2619: 2615: 2605: 2603: 2594: 2593: 2589: 2580: 2579: 2575: 2562: 2561: 2557: 2548: 2546: 2541: 2540: 2536: 2527: 2525: 2521: 2514: 2510: 2509: 2505: 2492: 2491: 2487: 2478: 2476: 2467: 2466: 2462: 2453: 2451: 2443: 2442: 2438: 2428: 2426: 2417: 2416: 2412: 2402: 2400: 2393:"Rules of REIT" 2391: 2390: 2386: 2376: 2374: 2370: 2359: 2355: 2354: 2350: 2340: 2338: 2337:on 3 March 2012 2334: 2323: 2319: 2318: 2314: 2304: 2302: 2289: 2288: 2284: 2277:"SGX REIT Data" 2275: 2274: 2270: 2260: 2258: 2250: 2249: 2245: 2234: 2230: 2220: 2218: 2209: 2208: 2204: 2194: 2192: 2182: 2175: 2165: 2163: 2153: 2149: 2139: 2137: 2127: 2126: 2122: 2113: 2111: 2103: 2102: 2098: 2089: 2088: 2084: 2071: 2067: 2057: 2055: 2051: 2050: 2046: 2037: 2035: 2027: 2026: 2019: 2010: 2008: 2000: 1999: 1995: 1986: 1984: 1976: 1975: 1971: 1962: 1960: 1952: 1951: 1947: 1938: 1937: 1933: 1924: 1923: 1919: 1909: 1907: 1902: 1901: 1897: 1888: 1886: 1871: 1867: 1863:, July 12, 2007 1858: 1854: 1845: 1843: 1834: 1833: 1829: 1824: 1817: 1805: 1801: 1800: 1796: 1787: 1786: 1782: 1769: 1768: 1764: 1748: 1747: 1741: 1739: 1735: 1728: 1726:"Archived copy" 1724: 1723: 1719: 1714: 1710: 1701: 1699: 1681: 1677: 1668: 1667: 1663: 1650: 1649: 1645: 1636: 1635: 1631: 1621: 1619: 1614: 1613: 1609: 1599: 1597: 1593: 1592: 1588: 1578: 1576: 1572: 1571: 1567: 1557: 1555: 1551: 1550: 1546: 1538: 1534: 1523: 1522: 1518: 1513: 1509: 1500: 1498: 1489: 1488: 1484: 1474: 1472: 1467: 1466: 1462: 1452: 1450: 1445: 1444: 1440: 1430: 1428: 1423: 1422: 1418: 1408: 1406: 1401: 1400: 1396: 1386: 1384: 1380: 1374: 1370: 1360: 1358: 1353: 1352: 1345: 1336: 1332: 1320: 1316: 1297: 1293: 1283: 1281: 1277: 1276: 1272: 1261: 1257: 1253: 1184:Closed-end fund 1175: 1121: 1115: 1102:double taxation 1081: 1065:Great Recession 1048:in the form of 1037: 1032: 997: 970: 964: 951: 946: 878:Workspace Group 826: 816: 807: 791: 715: 703:Unibail-Rodamco 683: 631: 618: 594: 589: 580: 567: 523: 496: 472: 463: 455: 432: 415: 397: 391: 382: 331: 308: 302: 297: 277: 268: 256: 235: 215: 202: 197: 160:business trusts 147: 101: 96: 84:net asset value 71:publicly traded 17: 12: 11: 5: 4701: 4691: 4690: 4673: 4672: 4670: 4669: 4666:List of topics 4656: 4643: 4629: 4626: 4625: 4623: 4622: 4617: 4615:Urban planning 4612: 4607: 4602: 4597: 4595:Property cycle 4592: 4587: 4582: 4577: 4572: 4567: 4562: 4557: 4555:Gentrification 4552: 4547: 4542: 4536: 4534: 4530: 4529: 4527: 4526: 4521: 4516: 4511: 4506: 4501: 4496: 4494:Moving company 4491: 4486: 4481: 4476: 4471: 4466: 4461: 4455: 4453: 4449: 4448: 4446: 4445: 4440: 4435: 4430: 4425: 4420: 4415: 4410: 4405: 4400: 4395: 4390: 4385: 4380: 4375: 4370: 4364: 4362: 4356: 4355: 4353: 4352: 4347: 4342: 4337: 4332: 4327: 4326: 4325: 4315: 4310: 4309: 4308: 4298: 4293: 4288: 4283: 4278: 4276:Eminent domain 4273: 4268: 4263: 4258: 4253: 4248: 4246:Chain of title 4243: 4237: 4235: 4234:and regulation 4228: 4227: 4225: 4224: 4219: 4214: 4209: 4204: 4198: 4196: 4192: 4191: 4189: 4188: 4183: 4178: 4173: 4168: 4167: 4166: 4161: 4156: 4151: 4146: 4141: 4131: 4126: 4121: 4116: 4111: 4110: 4109: 4098: 4096: 4092: 4091: 4089: 4088: 4086:United Kingdom 4083: 4078: 4073: 4068: 4063: 4058: 4053: 4048: 4043: 4038: 4033: 4028: 4023: 4017: 4015: 4011: 4010: 4008: 4007: 4002: 3996: 3993: 3992: 3985: 3984: 3977: 3970: 3962: 3953: 3952: 3934: 3931: 3930: 3928: 3927: 3922: 3917: 3912: 3907: 3902: 3896: 3894: 3893:Related topics 3890: 3889: 3887: 3886: 3881: 3876: 3871: 3866: 3852: 3847: 3841: 3839: 3835: 3834: 3832: 3831: 3826: 3821: 3816: 3811: 3806: 3800: 3798: 3794: 3793: 3791: 3790: 3781: 3776: 3774:Social trading 3771: 3766: 3764:Social finance 3761: 3756: 3751: 3746: 3736: 3734: 3730: 3729: 3727: 3726: 3721: 3716: 3711: 3706: 3701: 3696: 3691: 3686: 3681: 3675: 3669: 3664: 3659: 3654: 3649: 3644: 3639: 3634: 3629: 3624: 3619: 3614: 3609: 3603: 3597: 3590: 3588: 3578: 3577: 3570: 3569: 3562: 3555: 3547: 3541: 3540: 3535: 3526: 3519: 3518:External links 3516: 3514: 3513: 3504: 3495: 3486: 3477: 3468: 3459: 3450: 3430: 3421: 3412: 3403: 3394: 3372: 3363: 3342: 3320: 3293: 3272: 3246: 3225: 3194: 3164: 3142: 3116: 3094: 3077: 3052: 3037:"Lei n 11.033" 3028: 3010: 2996: 2979: 2954: 2929: 2904: 2883: 2872:on 17 May 2013 2852: 2841:. 1 April 2021 2823: 2797: 2768: 2741: 2716: 2705:on 17 May 2013 2685: 2673: 2647: 2641:Bloomberg News 2627: 2613: 2587: 2573: 2555: 2534: 2503: 2485: 2460: 2436: 2410: 2384: 2348: 2312: 2282: 2268: 2243: 2228: 2217:. 5 March 2021 2202: 2173: 2147: 2120: 2096: 2082: 2065: 2044: 2033:www.sse.com.cn 2017: 1993: 1982:www.sse.com.cn 1969: 1945: 1931: 1917: 1895: 1865: 1852: 1827: 1815: 1794: 1780: 1762: 1717: 1708: 1683:Pleven, Liam. 1675: 1661: 1658:. 5 July 2018. 1643: 1629: 1607: 1586: 1565: 1544: 1516: 1507: 1482: 1460: 1438: 1416: 1394: 1368: 1343: 1330: 1314: 1291: 1270: 1254: 1252: 1249: 1248: 1247: 1242: 1237: 1232: 1226: 1221: 1216: 1211: 1206: 1201: 1196: 1191: 1186: 1181: 1174: 1171: 1170: 1169: 1162: 1159: 1156: 1153: 1150: 1147: 1144: 1141: 1138: 1135: 1132: 1114: 1111: 1080: 1077: 1046:taxable income 1036: 1033: 1031: 1028: 1018: 1017: 1014: 1011: 1008: 996: 993: 981:taxable income 963: 960: 950: 947: 945: 942: 937: 936: 933: 929: 926: 919: 889:stock exchange 862:Slough Estates 844:at that time: 830:United Kingdom 815: 814:United Kingdom 812: 806: 803: 790: 787: 775: 774: 771: 768: 757: 754: 751: 714: 711: 682: 679: 675: 674: 671: 668: 657: 654: 651: 648: 641:Qualifications 630: 627: 617: 614: 612:and Ascensio. 598:AG Real Estate 593: 590: 588: 585: 579: 576: 566: 563: 558: 557: 554: 551: 548: 522: 519: 495: 492: 471: 468: 462: 459: 454: 451: 431: 428: 414: 411: 393:Main article: 390: 387: 330: 327: 304:Main article: 301: 298: 296: 293: 276: 273: 267: 264: 255: 252: 234: 231: 214: 211: 201: 198: 196: 193: 146: 143: 100: 97: 95: 92: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 4700: 4689: 4686: 4685: 4683: 4668: 4667: 4657: 4655: 4654: 4644: 4642: 4641: 4631: 4630: 4627: 4621: 4618: 4616: 4613: 4611: 4608: 4606: 4603: 4601: 4598: 4596: 4593: 4591: 4588: 4586: 4583: 4581: 4578: 4576: 4573: 4571: 4568: 4566: 4563: 4561: 4558: 4556: 4553: 4551: 4548: 4546: 4543: 4541: 4538: 4537: 4535: 4531: 4525: 4522: 4520: 4517: 4515: 4512: 4510: 4507: 4505: 4502: 4500: 4497: 4495: 4492: 4490: 4487: 4485: 4482: 4480: 4477: 4475: 4472: 4470: 4467: 4465: 4462: 4460: 4457: 4456: 4454: 4450: 4444: 4441: 4439: 4436: 4434: 4431: 4429: 4426: 4424: 4421: 4419: 4416: 4414: 4413:Mortgage loan 4411: 4409: 4406: 4404: 4401: 4399: 4396: 4394: 4391: 4389: 4386: 4384: 4381: 4379: 4376: 4374: 4371: 4369: 4366: 4365: 4363: 4361:and valuation 4357: 4351: 4348: 4346: 4345:Torrens title 4343: 4341: 4338: 4336: 4333: 4331: 4330:Real property 4328: 4324: 4321: 4320: 4319: 4316: 4314: 4311: 4307: 4304: 4303: 4302: 4299: 4297: 4294: 4292: 4289: 4287: 4284: 4282: 4279: 4277: 4274: 4272: 4269: 4267: 4264: 4262: 4259: 4257: 4254: 4252: 4249: 4247: 4244: 4242: 4239: 4238: 4236: 4233: 4229: 4223: 4220: 4218: 4215: 4213: 4210: 4208: 4205: 4203: 4200: 4199: 4197: 4193: 4187: 4184: 4182: 4179: 4177: 4174: 4172: 4169: 4165: 4162: 4160: 4159:Golf property 4157: 4155: 4152: 4150: 4147: 4145: 4142: 4140: 4137: 4136: 4135: 4132: 4130: 4127: 4125: 4122: 4120: 4117: 4115: 4112: 4108: 4105: 4104: 4103: 4100: 4099: 4097: 4093: 4087: 4084: 4082: 4079: 4077: 4074: 4072: 4069: 4067: 4064: 4062: 4059: 4057: 4054: 4052: 4049: 4047: 4044: 4042: 4039: 4037: 4034: 4032: 4029: 4027: 4024: 4022: 4019: 4018: 4016: 4012: 4006: 4003: 4001: 3998: 3997: 3994: 3990: 3983: 3978: 3976: 3971: 3969: 3964: 3963: 3960: 3950: 3942: 3932: 3926: 3923: 3921: 3918: 3916: 3913: 3911: 3908: 3906: 3903: 3901: 3898: 3897: 3895: 3891: 3885: 3882: 3880: 3877: 3875: 3872: 3870: 3867: 3864: 3860: 3856: 3853: 3851: 3848: 3846: 3843: 3842: 3840: 3836: 3830: 3827: 3825: 3824:Open-end fund 3822: 3820: 3817: 3815: 3812: 3810: 3807: 3805: 3802: 3801: 3799: 3795: 3789: 3785: 3782: 3780: 3777: 3775: 3772: 3770: 3767: 3765: 3762: 3760: 3757: 3755: 3752: 3750: 3747: 3745: 3741: 3738: 3737: 3735: 3731: 3725: 3722: 3720: 3717: 3715: 3712: 3710: 3709:Umbrella fund 3707: 3705: 3702: 3700: 3697: 3695: 3692: 3690: 3687: 3685: 3684:Royalty trust 3682: 3679: 3676: 3673: 3670: 3668: 3665: 3663: 3660: 3658: 3655: 3653: 3650: 3648: 3647:Offshore fund 3645: 3643: 3640: 3638: 3635: 3633: 3630: 3628: 3625: 3623: 3620: 3618: 3615: 3613: 3612:Fund of funds 3610: 3607: 3604: 3601: 3598: 3595: 3592: 3591: 3589: 3587: 3579: 3575: 3568: 3563: 3561: 3556: 3554: 3549: 3548: 3545: 3539: 3536: 3534: 3530: 3527: 3525: 3522: 3521: 3508: 3499: 3490: 3481: 3472: 3463: 3454: 3447: 3443: 3439: 3434: 3425: 3416: 3407: 3398: 3382: 3376: 3367: 3352: 3346: 3330: 3324: 3309: 3308: 3303: 3297: 3289: 3285: 3279: 3277: 3261:on 2014-12-07 3260: 3256: 3250: 3235: 3229: 3214: 3207: 3205: 3203: 3201: 3199: 3184: 3180: 3179: 3171: 3169: 3152: 3146: 3132:on 2011-01-20 3131: 3127: 3120: 3105: 3098: 3087: 3081: 3066: 3062: 3056: 3042: 3038: 3032: 3024: 3020: 3014: 3006: 3000: 2989: 2983: 2968: 2964: 2958: 2943: 2939: 2933: 2919:on 2011-09-30 2918: 2914: 2908: 2893: 2887: 2871: 2867: 2863: 2856: 2840: 2833: 2827: 2811: 2807: 2801: 2786: 2782: 2775: 2773: 2757: 2756: 2751: 2745: 2726: 2720: 2704: 2700: 2696: 2689: 2683: 2677: 2662: 2658: 2651: 2644:. 2010-07-28. 2643: 2642: 2637: 2631: 2623: 2617: 2601: 2600:Bloomberg.com 2597: 2591: 2583: 2577: 2569: 2565: 2559: 2544: 2538: 2524:on 2011-07-10 2520: 2513: 2507: 2499: 2495: 2489: 2474: 2473:www.jll.co.th 2470: 2464: 2450: 2446: 2440: 2424: 2420: 2414: 2398: 2394: 2388: 2369: 2365: 2358: 2352: 2333: 2329: 2322: 2316: 2301:on 2012-06-25 2300: 2296: 2292: 2286: 2278: 2272: 2257: 2253: 2247: 2239: 2232: 2216: 2212: 2206: 2191: 2187: 2180: 2178: 2162: 2158: 2151: 2136: 2135: 2130: 2124: 2110: 2106: 2100: 2092: 2086: 2078: 2077: 2069: 2054: 2048: 2034: 2030: 2024: 2022: 2007: 2003: 1997: 1983: 1979: 1973: 1959: 1955: 1949: 1941: 1935: 1927: 1921: 1905: 1899: 1885:on 2013-05-17 1884: 1880: 1876: 1869: 1862: 1856: 1841: 1837: 1831: 1822: 1820: 1811: 1804: 1798: 1790: 1784: 1777:. 5 May 2015. 1776: 1772: 1766: 1758: 1752: 1738:on 2016-02-04 1734: 1727: 1721: 1712: 1698: 1694: 1690: 1686: 1679: 1671: 1665: 1657: 1653: 1647: 1639: 1633: 1617: 1611: 1596: 1590: 1575: 1569: 1554: 1548: 1537: 1531:. 1977-04-22. 1530: 1526: 1520: 1511: 1497:on 2012-11-13 1496: 1492: 1486: 1470: 1464: 1448: 1442: 1426: 1420: 1404: 1398: 1379: 1372: 1356: 1350: 1348: 1340: 1334: 1327: 1324: 1318: 1311:(3): 312–335. 1310: 1306: 1302: 1295: 1280: 1274: 1266: 1259: 1255: 1246: 1243: 1241: 1238: 1236: 1235:Royalty trust 1233: 1230: 1227: 1225: 1222: 1220: 1217: 1215: 1212: 1210: 1207: 1205: 1202: 1200: 1197: 1195: 1192: 1190: 1187: 1185: 1182: 1180: 1177: 1176: 1167: 1163: 1160: 1157: 1154: 1151: 1148: 1145: 1142: 1139: 1136: 1133: 1130: 1129: 1128: 1125: 1120: 1110: 1108: 1103: 1099: 1098:corporate tax 1095: 1090: 1086: 1076: 1074: 1068: 1066: 1062: 1057: 1055: 1051: 1047: 1042: 1030:United States 1027: 1025: 1024: 1015: 1012: 1009: 1006: 1005: 1004: 1001: 992: 990: 986: 982: 978: 974: 969: 959: 956: 941: 934: 930: 927: 924: 920: 917: 916: 915: 913: 908: 904: 901: 897: 892: 890: 886: 881: 879: 875: 871: 867: 863: 859: 855: 851: 847: 843: 839: 836:(now see the 835: 831: 825: 821: 811: 802: 800: 796: 786: 784: 780: 772: 769: 766: 762: 758: 755: 752: 749: 745: 744: 743: 741: 740:retroactively 736: 734: 729: 727: 723: 719: 710: 708: 704: 700: 696: 692: 688: 678: 672: 669: 666: 662: 658: 655: 652: 649: 645: 644: 643: 642: 638: 635: 626: 623: 613: 611: 607: 603: 600:) introduced 599: 584: 575: 572: 562: 555: 552: 549: 546: 545:gearing ratio 542: 541: 540: 537: 535: 530: 528: 518: 516: 512: 507: 505: 501: 491: 489: 484: 480: 477: 467: 458: 450: 446: 442: 440: 436: 427: 423: 419: 410: 407: 402: 396: 386: 380: 379:Champion REIT 376: 375:Hui Xian REIT 372: 368: 362: 360: 356: 352: 348: 347:Sunlight REIT 344: 340: 339:The Link REIT 336: 326: 323: 319: 317: 313: 307: 292: 288: 284: 282: 272: 263: 261: 251: 249: 244: 240: 237:In 2007, the 230: 228: 224: 220: 210: 207: 192: 189: 183: 181: 177: 171: 168: 163: 161: 157: 153: 142: 140: 137: 133: 129: 123: 121: 120:Joel Broyhill 117: 113: 110: 106: 91: 89: 85: 81: 77: 72: 69:REITs can be 67: 65: 60: 58: 54: 50: 46: 42: 38: 34: 30: 26: 22: 4664: 4652: 4638: 4585:Land banking 4513: 4484:Land banking 4469:Buyer broker 4443:Rental value 4266:Conveyancing 4076:Saudi Arabia 3910:Robo-advisor 3855:Fixed income 3786: / 3742: / 3677: 3662:Pension fund 3507: 3498: 3489: 3480: 3471: 3462: 3453: 3445: 3441: 3437: 3433: 3424: 3415: 3406: 3397: 3385:. Retrieved 3375: 3366: 3354:. Retrieved 3345: 3333:. Retrieved 3323: 3311:. Retrieved 3305: 3296: 3287: 3263:. Retrieved 3259:the original 3249: 3238:. Retrieved 3228: 3217:. Retrieved 3186:, retrieved 3177: 3155:. Retrieved 3145: 3134:. Retrieved 3130:the original 3119: 3108:. Retrieved 3097: 3080: 3069:. Retrieved 3065:Mais Retorno 3064: 3055: 3044:. Retrieved 3040: 3031: 3022: 3013: 2999: 2982: 2970:. Retrieved 2966: 2957: 2945:. Retrieved 2941: 2932: 2921:. Retrieved 2917:the original 2907: 2896:. Retrieved 2894:. Bpf.org.uk 2886: 2874:. Retrieved 2870:the original 2865: 2855: 2843:. Retrieved 2826: 2814:. Retrieved 2810:the original 2800: 2789:. Retrieved 2787:(in Spanish) 2784: 2759:. Retrieved 2753: 2744: 2732:. Retrieved 2719: 2707:. Retrieved 2703:the original 2698: 2688: 2676: 2665:. Retrieved 2661:the original 2650: 2639: 2630: 2616: 2604:. Retrieved 2599: 2590: 2576: 2567: 2558: 2547:. Retrieved 2537: 2526:. Retrieved 2519:the original 2506: 2497: 2488: 2477:. Retrieved 2475:. 2018-01-17 2472: 2463: 2452:. Retrieved 2448: 2439: 2427:. Retrieved 2423:the original 2413: 2401:. Retrieved 2397:the original 2387: 2375:. Retrieved 2368:the original 2363: 2351: 2339:. Retrieved 2332:the original 2327: 2315: 2303:. Retrieved 2299:the original 2294: 2285: 2271: 2259:. Retrieved 2255: 2246: 2231: 2219:. Retrieved 2215:Philstar.com 2214: 2205: 2193:. Retrieved 2189: 2164:. Retrieved 2160: 2150: 2138:. Retrieved 2132: 2123: 2112:. Retrieved 2108: 2099: 2085: 2075: 2068: 2056:. Retrieved 2047: 2036:. Retrieved 2032: 2009:. Retrieved 2005: 1996: 1985:. Retrieved 1981: 1972: 1961:. Retrieved 1957: 1948: 1934: 1920: 1908:. Retrieved 1898: 1887:. Retrieved 1883:the original 1878: 1868: 1855: 1844:. Retrieved 1842:. 2011-09-11 1839: 1830: 1809: 1797: 1783: 1774: 1765: 1740:. Retrieved 1733:the original 1720: 1711: 1700:. Retrieved 1688: 1678: 1664: 1655: 1646: 1632: 1620:. Retrieved 1610: 1598:. Retrieved 1589: 1577:. Retrieved 1568: 1556:. 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