31:
374:, Lancefield served on the Commission on Streptococcal and Staphylococcal Diseases of the Armed Forces Epidemiological Board. In 1946, Lancefield was promoted to associate member at Rockefeller University. She was promoted to full member and professor at Rockefeller in 1958. Lancefield was a long-time collaborator of
323:
Lancefield's first co-authored paper was published in 1919 when she was a technician, an unusual recognition at the time. Previous to this work, researchers did not know if different streptococcal strains were biologically distinct. Working with Avery and Dochez, she identified four serological types
342:
After her PhD, Lancefield returned to studying β-hemolytic streptococci at
Rockefeller. She now aimed to identify the biological components of surface antigens located on the bacteria. In 1928, Lancefield reported that the type-specific antigen of streptococci was a protein. She named this protein
366:
Lancefield discovered two additional group A streptococci surface proteins: the T-antigen, in 1940, and the R-antigen, in 1957. Later in her career, she focused on group B streptococci. Her research revealed that group B streptococci lacked the M-protein. She discovered that, instead, surface
446:
The
Lancefield International Symposium on Streptococci and Streptococcal Diseases is named in her honor. The samples collected over her career are now maintained by Rockefeller University as the Lancefield collection. To date, the collection includes over 6,000 streptococci strains.
335:. Zinsser did not want to work with women, and suggested she move her work to the lab of Homer Swift. Therefore, the majority of her work was carried out at Rockefeller, where Swift's lab was located. At the time, viridans streptococci were incorrectly believed to contribute to
301:, and continued to study bacteriology. Lancefield received her master's degree from Columbia in 1918. The same year, she married Donald E. Lancefield, a fellow graduate student in genetics at Columbia. After graduation, she worked as a technician for
351:, which she named the C-carbohydrate. Within this discovery, Lancefield revealed that the C-carbohydrate was not species-specific, as originally thought. This realization prompted her development of a classification system, called
236:(now Rockefeller University) in New York in 1918, and was associated with that institute throughout her long and outstanding career. Her bibliography comprises more than 50 publications published over 60 years.
802:
795:
1112:
410:
by
Rockefeller University. She was formally honored by Wellesley College, her alma mater, in 1976. Lancefield received many awards, including the T. Duckett Jones Award of the
788:
1070:
951:
909:
1362:
969:
1201:
975:
945:
927:
443:
Due to
Lancefield's willingness to answer microbiological questions, her lab at Rockefeller earned the nickname "the Scotland Yard of streptococcal mysteries."
347:
because a matt colony occurs when the bacteria is exposed to the antigen. Lancefield discovered that the group-specific antigen of streptococci was composed of
1523:
1505:
1410:
1279:
1291:
1559:
1547:
1297:
1565:
1541:
1577:
1644:
1601:
1595:
1416:
1398:
1583:
1487:
1475:
1674:
1639:
1689:
1669:
472:
565:
399:
549:
297:, she taught math and science at a girls school in Vermont for one year. She accepted a scholarship to Teachers' College,
395:
1694:
1664:
1684:
1659:
1649:
811:
1654:
360:
356:
744:
1458:
724:
1326:
1452:
1285:
903:
419:
411:
403:
127:
613:
587:
415:
780:
1511:
867:
825:
344:
244:
1130:
1034:
921:
1517:
1350:
1320:
1314:
1153:
1088:
915:
233:
171:
1332:
1261:
1243:
1183:
1177:
1082:
1004:
963:
933:
891:
849:
479:
328:
311:
1679:
1634:
1629:
1356:
1267:
1249:
1225:
1207:
1189:
1058:
1052:
1046:
1016:
998:
939:
897:
879:
837:
659:
363:
for bovine streptococcal infections. Today, Lancefield groups includes groups A through M.
8:
1064:
873:
831:
352:
298:
251:
102:
88:
663:
324:
that classified 70 percent of the β-hemolytic streptococcal strains they were studying.
30:
1481:
1428:
1374:
1368:
1118:
1022:
957:
885:
855:
690:
647:
525:
500:
379:
1219:
1040:
861:
695:
677:
561:
530:
407:
290:
82:
1440:
1386:
1165:
1124:
1028:
760:
685:
667:
520:
512:
501:"A serological differentiation of human and other groups of hemolytic streptococci"
286:
184:
1571:
1493:
1404:
1231:
761:"The Rockefeller University " The Lancefield Collection of Streptococcus Strains"
336:
306:
207:
1535:
1529:
1446:
1392:
1380:
1338:
1273:
1255:
1213:
1171:
1010:
843:
436:
375:
278:
229:
269:. She is also responsible for the serological typing of Group A Streptococci.
1623:
1607:
1553:
1434:
1344:
1136:
681:
282:
247:
226:
1159:
1499:
1422:
1237:
1076:
992:
699:
648:"Non-Disjunction and the Chromosome Relationships of Drosophila willistoni"
534:
383:
371:
348:
332:
302:
255:
202:
189:
150:
1589:
1195:
1106:
1100:
672:
516:
309:
at
Rockefeller. The following year, she returned to Columbia to study on
434:
has been used by her fellow scientists for decades and was published on
289:. Her father was an officer in the US Army Engineer Corps. She attended
810:
155:
266:
484:. Washington, D.C.: National Academy of Sciences. pp. 225–246.
259:
240:
294:
262:
431:
402:, the first woman to hold the position. She was elected to the
394:
In 1943, she was the second woman to become president of the
367:
polysaccharides were responsible for their virulence factor.
293:
646:
Lancefield, Rebecca C.; Metz, Charles W. (1921-08-01).
355:, for streptococcal diseases. She initially designated
614:"Rebecca Craighill Lancefield: Pioneer Microbiologist"
588:"Rebecca Craighill Lancefield, Pioneer Microbiologist"
725:"PI in the Scotland Yard of Streptococcal Mysteries"
339:. Lancefield's thesis work helped dispel this idea.
812:
Presidents of the
American Society for Microbiology
225:(January 5, 1895 – March 3, 1981) was a prominent
494:
492:
1621:
652:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
645:
560:(4th ed.). Univ of Texas Medical Branch.
489:
406:in 1970. In 1973, she was awarded an honorary
796:
498:
621:ASM (American Society for Microbiology) News
547:
272:
803:
789:
611:
585:
470:
331:. Lancefield originally joined the lab of
234:Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research
29:
732:The American Association of Immunologists
689:
671:
524:
745:"Dr. Rebecca Lancefield's Eggnog Recipe"
473:"Rebecca Craighill Lancefield 1895–1981"
418:Achievement Award, and the Medal of the
398:. In 1961, she became president of the
359:for human streptococcal infections and
327:For her PhD thesis, Lancefield studied
1645:20th-century American women scientists
1622:
318:
784:
400:American Association of Immunologists
719:
717:
715:
713:
711:
709:
581:
579:
577:
541:
466:
464:
462:
460:
425:
396:Society of American Bacteriologists
16:American microbiologist (1895–1981)
13:
552:. In Baron S; et al. (eds.).
14:
1706:
706:
574:
457:
239:Lancefield is best known for her
1675:Scientists from New York (state)
1640:20th-century American biologists
382:, two recipients of the notable
1690:American women microbiologists
1670:Rockefeller University faculty
753:
738:
639:
605:
1:
1327:Aaron Frederick Rasmussen Jr.
612:O'Hern, Elizabeth M. (1975).
450:
1286:Robert George Everitt Murray
1095:Rebecca Craighill Lancefield
904:Charles-Edward Amory Winslow
558:Baron's Medical Microbiology
420:New York Academy of Medicine
412:Helen Hay Whitney Foundation
404:National Academy of Sciences
223:Rebecca Craighill Lancefield
196:Other academic advisors
128:New York Academy of Medicine
23:Rebecca Craighill Lancefield
7:
10:
1711:
586:O'Hern, Elizabeth (1975).
416:American Heart Association
1695:Graduate Women in Science
1665:People from Staten Island
1468:
1307:
1172:Cornelis Bernard van Niel
1146:
985:
826:William Thompson Sedgwick
818:
389:
216:
195:
183:
164:
143:
136:
116:
108:
98:
75:
67:
55:
40:
28:
21:
1685:Wellesley College alumni
1660:American microbiologists
1650:American bacteriologists
1071:Arthur Trautwein Henrici
952:Francis Charles Harrison
430:Lancefield's recipe for
273:Early life and education
254:, which is based on the
1387:Barbara Hotham Iglewski
1131:William McDowell Hammon
1035:William Mansfield Clark
922:Thomas Jonathan Burrill
910:Charles Edward Marshall
315:under Charles W. Metz.
277:Lancefield was born at
1655:American immunologists
1518:Clifford Wayne Houston
1405:Joan Wennstrom Bennett
1363:Robert Pierce Williams
1351:Frederick C. Neidhardt
1321:Harlyn Odell Halvorson
1315:Helen Riaboff Whiteley
1154:Walter James Nungester
1089:Selman Abraham Waksman
970:Arthur Parker Hitchens
916:David Hendricks Bergey
499:Lancefield RC (1933).
248:streptococcal bacteria
172:Rockefeller University
123:T. Duckett Jones Award
1333:Edwin Herman Lennette
1274:Robert Edward Hungate
1262:Dennis Wallace Watson
1256:Salvador Edward Luria
1244:Riley Dee Housewright
1202:Philip Rarick Edwards
1184:Charles Arthur Stuart
1178:Halvor Orin Halvorson
1083:Oswald Theodore Avery
1041:Milton Joseph Rosenau
1005:Alice Catherine Evans
976:Norman MacLeod Harris
964:Edwin George Hastings
946:Charles Krumwiede Jr.
934:Robert Earle Buchanan
928:Leo Frederick Rettger
892:Frederic Poole Gorham
850:Frederick George Novy
548:Patterson MJ (1996).
329:viridans streptococci
312:Drosophila willistoni
1506:Stanley Robert Maloy
1411:Richard Lane Crowell
1393:Alice Shih-Hou Huang
1357:John Charles Sherris
1280:Morris Frank Shaffer
1268:Edwin Michael Foster
1250:William Bowen Sarles
1226:Robert Lyman Starkey
1208:Charles Albert Evans
1190:Perry William Wilson
1059:James Morgan Sherman
1053:Thomas Milton Rivers
1047:Karl Friedrich Meyer
1017:Stanhope Bayne-Jones
999:Robert Stanley Breed
940:Samuel Cate Prescott
898:William Hallock Park
880:Joseph James Kinyoun
838:Herbert William Conn
673:10.1073/pnas.7.8.225
517:10.1084/jem.57.4.571
481:Biographical Memoirs
243:classification of β-
1292:Linzy Leon Campbell
1065:Paul Franklin Clark
874:Harry Luman Russell
832:William Henry Welch
765:lab.rockefeller.edu
664:1921PNAS....7..225L
353:Lancefield grouping
319:Career and research
299:Columbia University
252:Lancefield grouping
176:Columbia University
103:Lancefield grouping
89:Columbia University
1482:Abigail A. Salyers
1429:David Schlessinger
1375:Moselio Schaechter
1369:Rita Rossi Colwell
1119:Thomas Francis Jr.
1023:James Howard Brown
958:Lore Alford Rogers
886:Veranus Alva Moore
856:Edwin Oakes Jordan
35:Lancefield in 1960
1617:
1616:
1560:Jeffery F. Miller
1548:Jeffery F. Miller
1524:Alison D. O'Brien
1232:John Roger Porter
1220:John Edward Blair
862:Erwin Frink Smith
567:978-0-9631172-1-2
408:Doctor of Science
291:Wellesley College
232:. She joined the
220:
219:
138:Scientific career
112:Donald Lancefield
83:Wellesley College
1702:
1512:Diane E. Griffin
1441:Kenneth I. Berns
1298:Philipp Gerhardt
1166:Gail Monroe Dack
1125:Harold Joel Conn
1029:Edwin Broun Fred
805:
798:
791:
782:
781:
775:
774:
772:
771:
757:
751:
742:
736:
735:
729:
721:
704:
703:
693:
675:
643:
637:
636:
634:
632:
618:
609:
603:
602:
592:
583:
572:
571:
545:
539:
538:
528:
496:
487:
485:
477:
471:Maclyn McCarty.
468:
426:Death and legacy
378:and a mentor of
185:Doctoral advisor
91:(M.S. & PhD)
62:
50:
48:
33:
19:
18:
1710:
1709:
1705:
1704:
1703:
1701:
1700:
1699:
1620:
1619:
1618:
1613:
1572:Lynn W. Enquist
1566:Timothy Donohue
1542:David C. Hooper
1494:Thomas E. Shenk
1464:
1303:
1142:
981:
814:
809:
779:
778:
769:
767:
759:
758:
754:
743:
739:
727:
723:
722:
707:
644:
640:
630:
628:
616:
610:
606:
590:
584:
575:
568:
554:Streptococcus.
550:"Streptococcus"
546:
542:
497:
490:
475:
469:
458:
453:
428:
392:
380:Emil Gotschlich
337:rheumatic fever
321:
307:Alphonse Dochez
275:
265:found on their
258:composition of
212:
208:Alphonse Dochez
179:
160:
132:
94:
76:Alma mater
60:
51:January 5, 1895
46:
44:
36:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1708:
1698:
1697:
1692:
1687:
1682:
1677:
1672:
1667:
1662:
1657:
1652:
1647:
1642:
1637:
1632:
1615:
1614:
1612:
1611:
1605:
1599:
1593:
1587:
1581:
1578:Susan E. Sharp
1575:
1569:
1563:
1562:(Mar-Dec 2014)
1557:
1556:(Jan-Feb 2014)
1551:
1545:
1539:
1536:Bonnie Bassler
1533:
1530:Roberto Kolter
1527:
1521:
1515:
1509:
1503:
1497:
1491:
1485:
1479:
1472:
1470:
1466:
1465:
1463:
1462:
1456:
1450:
1447:Stanley Falkow
1444:
1438:
1432:
1426:
1420:
1414:
1408:
1402:
1396:
1390:
1384:
1381:Jean Brenchley
1378:
1372:
1366:
1360:
1354:
1348:
1342:
1339:Willis A. Wood
1336:
1330:
1324:
1318:
1311:
1309:
1305:
1304:
1302:
1301:
1295:
1289:
1283:
1277:
1271:
1265:
1259:
1253:
1247:
1241:
1235:
1229:
1223:
1217:
1214:Herald Rea Cox
1211:
1205:
1199:
1193:
1187:
1181:
1175:
1169:
1163:
1157:
1150:
1148:
1144:
1143:
1141:
1140:
1134:
1128:
1122:
1116:
1110:
1104:
1101:Ira L. Baldwin
1098:
1092:
1086:
1080:
1074:
1068:
1062:
1056:
1050:
1044:
1038:
1032:
1026:
1020:
1014:
1011:Ludvig Hektoen
1008:
1002:
996:
989:
987:
983:
982:
980:
979:
973:
967:
961:
955:
949:
943:
937:
931:
925:
919:
913:
907:
901:
895:
889:
883:
877:
871:
865:
859:
853:
847:
844:Theobald Smith
841:
835:
829:
822:
820:
816:
815:
808:
807:
800:
793:
785:
777:
776:
752:
748:Science Friday
737:
705:
658:(8): 225–229.
638:
604:
573:
566:
540:
488:
455:
454:
452:
449:
437:Science Friday
427:
424:
391:
388:
376:Maclyn McCarty
320:
317:
279:Fort Wadsworth
274:
271:
230:microbiologist
218:
217:
214:
213:
211:
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205:
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141:
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124:
120:
118:
114:
113:
110:
106:
105:
100:
99:Known for
96:
95:
93:
92:
86:
79:
77:
73:
72:
69:
65:
64:
63:(aged 86)
57:
53:
52:
42:
38:
37:
34:
26:
25:
22:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1707:
1696:
1693:
1691:
1688:
1686:
1683:
1681:
1678:
1676:
1673:
1671:
1668:
1666:
1663:
1661:
1658:
1656:
1653:
1651:
1648:
1646:
1643:
1641:
1638:
1636:
1633:
1631:
1628:
1627:
1625:
1609:
1608:Colleen Kraft
1606:
1603:
1602:Steven Finkel
1600:
1597:
1596:Victor DiRita
1594:
1591:
1588:
1585:
1582:
1579:
1576:
1573:
1570:
1567:
1564:
1561:
1558:
1555:
1554:Jo Handelsman
1552:
1549:
1546:
1543:
1540:
1537:
1534:
1531:
1528:
1525:
1522:
1519:
1516:
1513:
1510:
1507:
1504:
1501:
1498:
1495:
1492:
1489:
1486:
1483:
1480:
1477:
1474:
1473:
1471:
1467:
1460:
1459:Julian Davies
1457:
1454:
1451:
1448:
1445:
1442:
1439:
1436:
1435:Carol A. Nacy
1433:
1430:
1427:
1424:
1421:
1418:
1417:John Ingraham
1415:
1412:
1409:
1406:
1403:
1400:
1399:Walter Dowdle
1397:
1394:
1391:
1388:
1385:
1382:
1379:
1376:
1373:
1370:
1367:
1364:
1361:
1358:
1355:
1352:
1349:
1346:
1345:Albert Balows
1343:
1340:
1337:
1334:
1331:
1328:
1325:
1322:
1319:
1316:
1313:
1312:
1310:
1306:
1299:
1296:
1293:
1290:
1287:
1284:
1281:
1278:
1275:
1272:
1269:
1266:
1263:
1260:
1257:
1254:
1251:
1248:
1245:
1242:
1239:
1236:
1233:
1230:
1227:
1224:
1221:
1218:
1215:
1212:
1209:
1206:
1203:
1200:
1197:
1194:
1191:
1188:
1185:
1182:
1179:
1176:
1173:
1170:
1167:
1164:
1161:
1158:
1155:
1152:
1151:
1149:
1145:
1138:
1137:Barnett Cohen
1135:
1132:
1129:
1126:
1123:
1120:
1117:
1114:
1113:James Craigie
1111:
1108:
1105:
1102:
1099:
1096:
1093:
1090:
1087:
1084:
1081:
1078:
1075:
1072:
1069:
1066:
1063:
1060:
1057:
1054:
1051:
1048:
1045:
1042:
1039:
1036:
1033:
1030:
1027:
1024:
1021:
1018:
1015:
1012:
1009:
1006:
1003:
1000:
997:
994:
991:
990:
988:
984:
977:
974:
971:
968:
965:
962:
959:
956:
953:
950:
947:
944:
941:
938:
935:
932:
929:
926:
923:
920:
917:
914:
911:
908:
905:
902:
899:
896:
893:
890:
887:
884:
881:
878:
875:
872:
869:
868:James Carroll
866:
863:
860:
857:
854:
851:
848:
845:
842:
839:
836:
833:
830:
827:
824:
823:
821:
817:
813:
806:
801:
799:
794:
792:
787:
786:
783:
766:
762:
756:
749:
746:
741:
733:
726:
720:
718:
716:
714:
712:
710:
701:
697:
692:
687:
683:
679:
674:
669:
665:
661:
657:
653:
649:
642:
626:
622:
615:
608:
600:
596:
589:
582:
580:
578:
569:
563:
559:
555:
551:
544:
536:
532:
527:
522:
518:
514:
511:(4): 571–95.
510:
506:
502:
495:
493:
483:
482:
474:
467:
465:
463:
461:
456:
448:
444:
441:
439:
438:
433:
423:
421:
417:
413:
409:
405:
401:
397:
387:
385:
381:
377:
373:
368:
364:
362:
358:
354:
350:
349:carbohydrates
346:
340:
338:
334:
330:
325:
316:
314:
313:
308:
304:
300:
296:
292:
288:
284:
283:Staten Island
280:
270:
268:
264:
261:
257:
253:
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1500:James Tiedje
1488:Ronald Atlas
1469:2001–present
1423:Gail Cassell
1238:Orville Wyss
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1077:Charles Thom
993:Hans Zinsser
768:. Retrieved
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256:carbohydrate
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190:Hans Zinsser
165:Institutions
151:Bacteriology
137:
61:(1981-03-03)
1680:Serologists
1635:1981 deaths
1630:1895 births
1590:Robin Patel
1476:Martha Howe
1453:Stuart Levy
1196:Harry Eagle
1107:Stuart Mudd
631:29 November
241:serological
68:Nationality
1624:Categories
1160:René Dubos
770:2018-08-02
601:: 805–810.
451:References
267:cell walls
156:Immunology
47:1895-01-05
1308:1976–2000
1147:1951–1975
986:1926–1950
819:1900–1925
682:0027-8424
505:J Exp Med
345:M-protein
260:bacterial
245:hemolytic
700:16576594
595:ASM News
535:19870148
287:New York
263:antigens
227:American
71:American
691:1084856
660:Bibcode
526:2132252
486:. p.227
370:During
361:group B
357:group A
295:zoology
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432:eggnog
414:, the
390:Honors
144:Fields
117:Awards
109:Spouse
85:(B.A.)
728:(PDF)
617:(PDF)
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476:(PDF)
696:PMID
678:ISSN
633:2018
627:(12)
562:ISBN
531:PMID
343:the
305:and
56:Died
41:Born
686:PMC
668:doi
556:in:
521:PMC
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