307:
408:. Catholic history traditionally imputes these persecutions to the Visigothic kings. When, after Reccared's reign, at a synod held at Toledo in 633, the bishops took upon themselves the nobles' right to select a king from among the royal family, the transfer of power was complete. By this time the remaining ethnic distinction between the increasingly Romanized Visigoths and their Hispano-Roman subjects had all but disappeared (the Gothic language lost its last and probably already declining function as a church language with the extirpation of Arianism, and dress and funerary customs also cease to be distinguishing features in ca. 570/580)
925:
268:
43:
416:
was convinced that
Reccared refused bribes from the Jewish community, which was large, well-connected throughout the Mediterranean and powerful, and Reccared's laws provided that the offspring of a Christian and a Jew be baptised, which was of little moment to the Jewish community, as whether it was
318:
In
January 587, Reccared renounced Arianism for Chalcedonianism, the single great event of his reign and the turning point for Visigothic Hispania. Most Arian nobles and ecclesiastics followed his example, certainly those around him at Toledo, but there were Arian uprisings, notably in Septimania,
432:, bishop Leander's brother, praises his peaceful government, clemency, and generosity: standard encomia. He returned various properties, even some private ones, that had been confiscated by his father, and founded many churches and monasteries. Pope Gregory, writing to Reccared in August 599 (
417:
not born of a Jewish mother or was born of a Jewish woman outside her community, the child was not considered a Jew anyway. Reccared eliminated the death penalty for Jews convicted of proselytising among
Christians and ignored Gregory's request that the trade in Christian slaves at
411:
Reportedly
Reccared engaged in a vigorous policy against the Jews, pursuing zealous and fanatical policies limiting Jewish freedoms as promulgated in the canons of synods. Modern historians have revised this view and see a continuation of traditional Visigothic tolerance.
392:, organized by St. Leander but convened in the king's name in May 589, set the tone for the new Catholic kingdom. The public confession of the king, read aloud by a notary, reveals by the emphatic clarity of its theological points and its quotations of
302:
When King
Leovigild died, within a few weeks of April 21, 586, bishop Leander was swift to return to Toledo. The new king had been associated with his father in ruling the kingdom and was acclaimed king by the Visigothic nobles without
436:. ix. 61, 122), extols him for embracing the true faith and inducing his people to do so, and notably for refusing the bribes offered by Jews to procure the repeal of a law against them. He sent Reccared a piece of the
400:
a homily upon the "triumph of the Church upon the conversion of the Goths". The text of the homily survives. Leander and the Roman bishops immediately instituted the program of forced conversion of
709:
354:
504:
421:
be forbidden to Jews. Among the canons of five synods during
Reccared's reign, E. A. Thompson could find none disadvantaging the Jewish community.
954:
396:
that it was ghost-written for the king. Bishop
Leander also delivered the triumphant closing sermon, which his brother Isidore entitled
716:
974:
949:
256:
149:
346:. Reccared's army defeated the Arian insurgents and their Catholic allies with great slaughter, Desiderius himself being slain.
537:
Strategies of
Distinction: Construction of Ethnic Communities, 300–800 (Transformation of the Roman World) by Walter Pohl,
456:
306:
635:
542:
964:
575:(University of Minnesota Press) 1977; see also Bacharach, "A Reassessment of Visigothic Jewish Policy, 589–711",
381:. In the later part of 588 a third conspiracy was headed by the Arian bishop Uldila and the queen dowager
959:
366:
728:
702:
288:
201:
20:
311:
389:
343:
558:(Washington) 1930: "Ziegler unhesitatingly characterizes the kings. as 'fanatically zealous'" (
59:
445:
374:
649:
8:
969:
944:
486:
48:
545:(pp. 119–120: dress and funerary customs cease to be distinguishing features in 570/580)
429:
335:
leaders of the
Septimanian insurrection, the counts Granista and Wildigern appealed to
292:
240:
631:
538:
136:
559:
299:, to Chalcedonianism. Leander supported his rebellion and was exiled for his role.
225:
358:
521:
478:
425:
251:. His reign marked a climactic shift in history, with the king's renunciation of
413:
217:
428:, Reccared's contemporary, ends his account with the Third Council of Toledo.
938:
452:
327:, who had the reputation among his Roman enemies of being virtually a second
280:
129:
115:
884:
874:
769:
924:
459:. He died a natural death at Toledo and was succeeded by his youthful son
879:
849:
799:
759:
296:
267:
809:
764:
437:
382:
248:
909:
819:
779:
725:
676:
669:
441:
393:
378:
350:
276:
237:
177:
77:
295:
was instrumental in converting the elder son and heir of
Leovigild,
864:
859:
854:
839:
834:
829:
789:
739:
694:
686:
460:
418:
320:
284:
252:
244:
195:
145:
141:
119:
103:
87:
593:
The Jews in the Visigothic and Frankish Kingdoms of Gaul and Spain
904:
899:
844:
814:
804:
794:
784:
749:
744:
336:
332:
324:
279:
by his first wife. Like his father, Reccared had his capital at
754:
405:
508:, chapter 54. Translation by Guido Donini and Gordon B. Ford,
42:
894:
889:
869:
774:
510:
Isidore of Seville's History of the Goths, Vandals, and Suevi
362:
328:
424:
The information for the rest of Reccared's reign is scanty.
914:
595:(Harvard University Press) 1937 gives the broad background.
512:, second revised edition (Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1970), p. 25
493:, second edition (Liverpool: University Press, 1990), p. 74
401:
385:, but they were detected, and the bishop was banished.
398:
Homilia de triumpho ecclesiae ob conversionem Gothorum
323:, where the leader of opposition was the Arian bishop
283:. The Visigothic kings and nobles were traditionally
505:
Historia de regibus Gothorum, Vandalorum et Suevorum
491:Conquerors and Chroniclers of Early Medieval Spain
339:of Burgundy, who saw his opportunity and sent his
271:Tremissis of Reccared I, bearing his rough effigy.
936:
652:Dictionary of Christian Biography and Literature
373:, put down the rising, Sunna being banished to
19:"Reccared" redirects here. For other uses, see
573:Early Medieval Jewish Policy in Western Europe
404:and extirpation of the remains of Arianism as
710:
349:The next conspiracy broke out in the west,
717:
703:
287:, while the Hispano-Roman population were
41:
35:King of Hispania, Septimania and Gallaecia
310:Conversion of Reccared to Catholicism by
236:559 – December 601; reigned 586–601) was
305:
266:
937:
319:his northernmost province, beyond the
955:Converts to Catholicism from Arianism
698:
724:
556:Church and State in Visigothic Spain
617:(Oxford University Press) 1969:112.
604:Bacharach, "A Reassessment", p. 15.
13:
628:Christians in Al-Andalus, 711–1000
440:, some fragments of the chains of
14:
986:
643:
528:, 90; translated by Wolf, pp. 73f
923:
571:Notably Bernard S. Bachrach, in
275:Reccared was the younger son of
975:6th-century Visigothic monarchs
950:7th-century Visigothic monarchs
620:
630:, p. 37 (Curzon Press, 2002).
607:
598:
585:
582:.1 (February 1973), pp. 11–34.
577:The American Historical Review
565:
548:
531:
515:
496:
472:
69:21 April 586 – 21 December 601
1:
233:
47:Reccared I in the manuscript
681:21 April 586 – December 601
7:
10:
991:
18:
921:
735:
683:
674:
666:
661:
202:Chalcedonian Christianity
191:
183:
173:
164:
159:
155:
135:
125:
109:
97:
93:
83:
73:
65:
58:
40:
33:
28:
21:Reccared (disambiguation)
466:
451:Reccared was married to
262:
390:Third Council of Toledo
289:Chalcedonian Christians
965:6th-century Christians
377:and Seggo retiring to
357:, the Arian bishop of
315:
272:
229:
221:
677:King of the Visigoths
312:Antonio Muñoz Degrain
309:
270:
60:King of the Visigoths
502:Isidore of Seville,
485:, 91. Translated in
446:St. John the Baptist
444:, and some hairs of
487:Kenneth Baxter Wolf
49:Semblanzas de reyes
960:Christian monarchs
615:The Goths in Spain
554:Aloysius Ziegler,
430:Isidore of Seville
316:
293:Leander of Seville
273:
257:Roman Christianity
222:Flavius Reccaredus
165:Flavius Reccaredus
932:
931:
693:
692:
684:Succeeded by
207:
206:
169:
168:
982:
927:
719:
712:
705:
696:
695:
667:Preceded by
659:
658:
638:
624:
618:
611:
605:
602:
596:
589:
583:
569:
563:
552:
546:
535:
529:
519:
513:
500:
494:
476:
455:and possibly to
285:Arian Christians
235:
157:
156:
45:
26:
25:
990:
989:
985:
984:
983:
981:
980:
979:
935:
934:
933:
928:
919:
731:
723:
689:
680:
672:
646:
641:
625:
621:
612:
608:
603:
599:
590:
586:
570:
566:
553:
549:
536:
532:
522:John of Biclaro
520:
516:
501:
497:
479:John of Biclaro
477:
473:
469:
426:John of Biclaro
265:
230:Flavio Recaredo
199:
148:
144:
114:
113:21 December 601
102:
54:
24:
17:
16:Visigothic King
12:
11:
5:
988:
978:
977:
972:
967:
962:
957:
952:
947:
930:
929:
922:
920:
918:
917:
912:
907:
902:
897:
892:
887:
882:
877:
872:
867:
862:
857:
852:
847:
842:
837:
832:
827:
822:
817:
812:
807:
802:
797:
792:
787:
782:
777:
772:
767:
762:
757:
752:
747:
742:
736:
733:
732:
722:
721:
714:
707:
699:
691:
690:
685:
682:
673:
668:
664:
663:
662:Regnal titles
657:
656:
645:
644:External links
642:
640:
639:
626:Ann Christys,
619:
606:
597:
591:Solomon Katz,
584:
564:
547:
530:
514:
495:
470:
468:
465:
414:Pope Gregory I
371:dux Lusitaniae
277:King Leovigild
264:
261:
205:
204:
193:
189:
188:
185:
181:
180:
175:
171:
170:
167:
166:
162:
161:
153:
152:
139:
133:
132:
127:
123:
122:
111:
107:
106:
99:
95:
94:
91:
90:
85:
81:
80:
75:
71:
70:
67:
63:
62:
56:
55:
46:
38:
37:
31:
30:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
987:
976:
973:
971:
968:
966:
963:
961:
958:
956:
953:
951:
948:
946:
943:
942:
940:
926:
916:
913:
911:
908:
906:
903:
901:
898:
896:
893:
891:
888:
886:
883:
881:
878:
876:
873:
871:
868:
866:
863:
861:
858:
856:
853:
851:
848:
846:
843:
841:
838:
836:
833:
831:
828:
826:
823:
821:
818:
816:
813:
811:
808:
806:
803:
801:
798:
796:
793:
791:
788:
786:
783:
781:
778:
776:
773:
771:
768:
766:
763:
761:
758:
756:
753:
751:
748:
746:
743:
741:
738:
737:
734:
730:
727:
720:
715:
713:
708:
706:
701:
700:
697:
688:
679:
678:
671:
665:
660:
654:
653:
648:
647:
637:
636:0-7007-1564-9
633:
629:
623:
616:
610:
601:
594:
588:
581:
578:
574:
568:
561:
557:
551:
544:
543:90-04-10846-7
540:
534:
527:
523:
518:
511:
507:
506:
499:
492:
488:
484:
480:
475:
471:
464:
462:
458:
457:Chlodoswintha
454:
449:
447:
443:
439:
435:
431:
427:
422:
420:
415:
409:
407:
403:
399:
395:
391:
386:
384:
380:
376:
372:
369:, Reccared's
368:
364:
360:
356:
352:
347:
345:
342:
338:
334:
330:
326:
322:
313:
308:
304:
300:
298:
294:
291:. The bishop
290:
286:
282:
278:
269:
260:
258:
255:in favour of
254:
250:
246:
242:
239:
231:
227:
223:
219:
215:
211:
203:
197:
194:
190:
186:
182:
179:
176:
172:
163:
158:
154:
151:
147:
143:
140:
138:
134:
131:
128:
124:
121:
117:
112:
108:
105:
100:
96:
92:
89:
86:
82:
79:
76:
72:
68:
64:
61:
57:
53:
50:
44:
39:
36:
32:
27:
22:
875:Chindasuinth
824:
770:Theodoric II
675:
651:
650:Henry Wace,
627:
622:
614:
609:
600:
592:
587:
579:
576:
572:
567:
555:
550:
533:
525:
517:
509:
503:
498:
490:
482:
474:
450:
433:
423:
410:
397:
387:
370:
361:, and count
353:, headed by
348:
340:
331:. Among the
317:
301:
274:
213:
209:
208:
51:
34:
880:Recceswinth
850:Reccared II
800:Theudigisel
760:Theodoric I
303:opposition.
297:Hermenegild
74:Predecessor
52:, 1312-1325
970:559 births
945:601 deaths
939:Categories
825:Reccared I
810:Athanagild
765:Thorismund
726:Visigothic
655:: Reccared
613:Thompson,
438:True Cross
383:Goiswintha
375:Mauritania
344:Desiderius
249:Septimania
238:Visigothic
210:Reccared I
29:Reccared I
820:Liuvigild
780:Alaric II
670:Liuvigild
560:Bacharach
526:Chronicle
483:Chronicle
442:St. Peter
394:scripture
379:Gallaecia
351:Lusitania
187:Theodosia
178:Liuvigild
101:c. 559 AD
84:Successor
78:Liuvigild
910:Agila II
865:Chintila
860:Sisenand
855:Suintila
840:Gundemar
835:Witteric
830:Liuva II
790:Amalaric
740:Alaric I
687:Liuva II
562:1973:11.
461:Liuva II
419:Narbonne
367:Claudius
321:Pyrenees
259:in 587.
253:Arianism
245:Hispania
196:Arianism
192:Religion
146:Suintila
142:Liuva II
120:Hispania
104:Hispania
88:Liuva II
905:Roderic
900:Wittiza
845:Sisebut
815:Liuva I
805:Agila I
795:Theudis
785:Gesalec
750:Sigeric
745:Athaulf
337:Guntram
333:secular
325:Athaloc
314:(1888)
226:Spanish
214:Recared
755:Wallia
634:
541:
406:heresy
359:Mérida
281:Toledo
200:later
184:Mother
174:Father
126:Spouse
116:Toledo
895:Egica
890:Erwig
885:Wamba
870:Tulga
775:Euric
729:kings
467:Notes
453:Baddo
363:Seggo
355:Sunna
329:Arius
263:Reign
218:Latin
160:Names
150:Geila
137:Issue
130:Baddo
66:Reign
915:Ardo
632:ISBN
539:ISBN
402:Jews
388:The
247:and
241:King
212:(or
110:Died
98:Born
434:Epp
341:dux
243:of
941::
580:78
524:,
489:,
481:,
463:.
448:.
365:.
234:c.
232:;
228::
224:;
220::
216:;
198:,
118:,
718:e
711:t
704:v
23:.
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