37:
2128:
2106:
2120:
2098:
2113:
603:, to make their way to the city through a secret passage. This afforded them the opportunity to attack the walls from the inside, which surprised the guards and opened the gate, giving the Nicaean forces an entry into the city. The Latins were taken completely unaware, and after a short struggle, the Nicaeans gained control of the Theodosian land walls. As news of this spread across the city, the Latin inhabitants, from Emperor
611:, hoping to escape by ship. At the same time, Strategopoulos' men set fire to the Venetian buildings and warehouses along the coast to prevent them from landing there. Due to the timely arrival of the returning Venetian fleet, many of the Latins managed to evacuate to the still Latin-held parts of Greece, marking the end of the
495:
The recapture of
Constantinople brought the city back into Byzantine possession, bringing to an end the half-century occupation of the Latin Empire over the Byzantine capital. The reconstituted Byzantine Empire under the Palaiologos would go on to hold the city successfully against further designs at
587:
in the Black Sea. Strategopoulos initially hesitated to take advantage of the situation, fearing that his small force might be destroyed if the Latin army returned too soon, and because he would exceed the provisions of the emperor's orders, but eventually decided he could not squander such a golden
1829:
372:
840:
1809:
132:
1396:
2723:
2865:
1492:
477:
365:
1406:
2860:
2334:
596:
893:
324:
2003:
1542:
636:
358:
339:
125:
539:, had promised to open a gate for the emperor's troops. He failed to do so, and so, Palaiologos launched an unsuccessful assault on
2075:
2053:
2048:
2038:
2028:
551:
in March 1261, and in July 1261, as the one-year truce following after the failed
Nicaean attack was nearing its end, the general
1913:
1475:
245:
1867:
1774:
2880:
1564:
1230:
2105:
2460:
2445:
1552:
1527:
275:
118:
2561:
1702:
1416:
427:
180:
2626:
2543:
2388:
1906:
1717:
519:, was left free to pursue the reconquest of Constantinople and the restoration of the Byzantine Empire. The rump-state
2127:
2119:
635:, for whom Palaiologos had been ostensibly ruling for as a guardian, were brushed aside, and the boy subsequently was
1235:
862:
829:
783:
623:
The recapture of
Constantinople signalled the restoration of the Byzantine Empire, and on 15 August, the day of the
42:
36:
2870:
2631:
2450:
1386:
1200:
218:
2470:
2080:
2013:
1988:
1943:
1933:
1923:
1896:
1569:
1448:
886:
532:
452:
402:
334:
302:
270:
228:
213:
203:
162:
2465:
2250:
1901:
1659:
1579:
1574:
2112:
1928:
1421:
1165:
1115:
604:
314:
198:
2556:
2795:
2660:
2526:
2023:
1983:
1729:
1622:
1463:
2097:
535:
Constantinople, as one of the Latin knights taken prisoner in
Pelagonia, and whose house was within the
2850:
2344:
2058:
1918:
1860:
1601:
1559:
1517:
1264:
1215:
1155:
1100:
943:
624:
575:, some 30 miles (48 km) west of Constantinople, they learned from some independent local farmers (
544:
447:
2643:
1670:
1458:
1110:
1080:
879:
857:(Second ed.). Madison, Milwaukee, and London: University of Wisconsin Press. pp. 186–233.
49:) or Selymbria Gate, through which Strategopoulos and his men entered Constantinople on 25 July 1261
2855:
2790:
2703:
2531:
2369:
1195:
1120:
1105:
1085:
516:
383:
184:
110:
2875:
2499:
2440:
2255:
2230:
1814:
1547:
1426:
1205:
918:
592:
560:
2616:
2611:
2593:
2364:
2260:
2235:
2085:
2043:
2033:
2018:
1644:
1443:
1371:
1366:
1170:
552:
497:
489:
260:
191:
167:
2008:
1853:
1804:
1794:
1744:
1734:
1532:
1482:
1220:
1060:
599:
near the Gate of the Spring. Strategopoulos sent a detachment of his men, led by some of the
1190:
2800:
2785:
2636:
2583:
2566:
2551:
2521:
2402:
1968:
1963:
1694:
1612:
1507:
1411:
1180:
1175:
1090:
1050:
958:
852:
422:
417:
319:
255:
208:
480:, after an interval of 57 years where the city had been made the capital of the occupying
8:
2820:
2718:
2688:
2492:
2305:
2295:
2285:
2280:
1978:
1973:
1938:
1522:
1512:
1487:
1401:
1356:
1254:
968:
963:
799:
Emperor
Michael Palaeologus and the West, 1258–1282: A Study in Byzantine-Latin Relations
528:
508:
476:
from Latin occupation, leading to the re-establishment of the
Byzantine Empire under the
437:
432:
397:
292:
287:
223:
2754:
2621:
2516:
2504:
2455:
2378:
2359:
2329:
2322:
2310:
2275:
2265:
1998:
1993:
1958:
1502:
1249:
1225:
1160:
923:
580:
412:
250:
28:
2665:
2655:
2393:
2383:
2354:
2339:
2245:
1953:
1789:
1712:
1654:
1617:
1376:
1289:
1244:
1130:
1065:
973:
948:
858:
825:
803:
779:
548:
265:
2810:
2770:
2733:
2588:
2487:
2300:
2270:
1799:
1707:
1453:
1436:
1431:
1361:
1210:
902:
848:
793:
632:
612:
536:
473:
350:
91:
2805:
2749:
2728:
2349:
2317:
2290:
2240:
2063:
1759:
1749:
1739:
1724:
1649:
1632:
1607:
1315:
1279:
1145:
1140:
1135:
1125:
1030:
953:
928:
819:
797:
773:
512:
329:
2374:
2780:
2775:
2538:
2149:
1891:
1834:
1470:
1330:
1284:
1269:
1259:
1150:
1095:
933:
844:
485:
469:
155:
70:
1185:
807:
2844:
2650:
2573:
2480:
2435:
1824:
1819:
1754:
1664:
1637:
1597:
999:
938:
2815:
2475:
2225:
2154:
1876:
1845:
1335:
1305:
1274:
1040:
1025:
815:
628:
591:
On the night of 24/25 July 1261, Strategopoulos and his men approached the
524:
520:
481:
143:
97:
627:, Emperor Michael VIII entered the city in triumph and was crowned at the
2708:
1769:
1689:
1075:
1070:
1015:
608:
2698:
2693:
2070:
1779:
978:
584:
2511:
2407:
2159:
1020:
140:
2825:
2578:
1536:
1340:
1055:
1035:
994:
987:
983:
871:
854:
A History of the
Crusades, Volume II: The Later Crusades, 1189–1311
583:
fleet, was absent conducting a raid against the
Nicaean island of
555:
was sent with a small advance force of 800 soldiers (most of them
2417:
1784:
1764:
1320:
1045:
572:
442:
297:
2397:
2200:
2195:
2169:
2164:
1325:
1310:
556:
543:
instead in that initial attempt. To further his plans, Michael
540:
472:
in 1261 CE by the forces led by
Alexios Strategopoulos of the
2713:
2412:
2205:
2190:
2185:
1627:
725:
723:
684:
1810:
Paleochristian and
Byzantine monuments of Thessaloniki
802:. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press.
750:
740:
738:
720:
708:
696:
648:
775:
The Late Byzantine Army: Arms and Society, 1204–1453
380:
2724:
Palace of the Grand Master of the Knights of Rhodes
660:
607:downwards, hurriedly rushed to the harbours of the
735:
672:
511:in 1259 CE against an anti-Nicaean coalition, the
579:) that the entire Latin garrison, as well as the
16:1261 battle between the Latin and Nicaean Empires
2842:
841:"The Latin Empire of Constantinople, 1204–1261"
824:(2nd ed.). London: Rupert Hart-Davis Ltd.
615:with the city's restoration to the Byzantines.
496:its capture for nearly two centuries until its
571:When the Nicaean force reached the village of
523:was now cut off from any aid, from either the
1861:
887:
366:
309:Wars with the Venetians, Catalans, and others
126:
1875:
566:
2335:County Palatine of Cephalonia and Zakynthos
792:
1868:
1854:
894:
880:
821:The Last Centuries of Byzantium, 1261–1453
373:
359:
133:
119:
35:
771:
729:
714:
690:
631:. The rights of the legitimate emperor,
563:and spy out the defences of the Latins.
1476:Battle of the Olive Grove of Kountouras
531:. Already in 1260, Michael Palaiologos
527:or from the Nicaeans' Greek rival, the
2866:Battles involving the Empire of Nicaea
2843:
1775:Monastery of Saint John the Theologian
1849:
1231:Byzantine bureaucracy and aristocracy
875:
838:
814:
756:
744:
702:
678:
666:
654:
354:
114:
2446:Latin Patriarchate of Constantinople
901:
778:. University of Pennsylvania Press.
142:Byzantine–Frankish conflicts of the
13:
2861:Battles involving the Latin Empire
2627:Catholic Church in the Middle East
2544:Boniface I, Marquess of Montferrat
498:fall to the Ottoman Turks in 1453.
403:Constantinople & Galata (1260)
229:Constantinople & Galata (1260)
14:
2892:
1565:Siege of Thessalonica (1422–1430)
1543:Byzantine–Genoese War (1348–1349)
1236:Byzantine scholars in Renaissance
468:was the recapture of the city of
2562:Philippe Villiers de L'Isle-Adam
2126:
2118:
2111:
2104:
2096:
1553:Byzantine civil war of 1341–1347
1528:Byzantine civil war of 1321–1328
588:opportunity to retake the city.
2632:Latin Church in the Middle East
1417:Siege of Thessalonica (676–678)
1201:Alexios Angelos Philanthropenos
488:in 1204 following the Crusader
484:that had been installed by the
2081:Fall of the Republic of Venice
1989:Hospitaller conquest of Rhodes
1934:War of the Euboeote Succession
1570:Battle of the Echinades (1427)
1449:Byzantine conquest of Bulgaria
335:Hospitaller conquest of Rhodes
1:
1660:Eastern Orthodox Christianity
1580:Ottoman conquest of the Morea
1493:Under the Palaiologos dynasty
1437:Byzantine reconquest of Crete
642:
507:Following his victory at the
502:
2881:Military history of Istanbul
1929:Genoese occupation of Rhodes
1498:Reconquest of Constantinople
1422:Siege of Patras (805 or 807)
1116:Nikephoros I Komnenos Doukas
618:
466:Reconquest of Constantinople
315:Genoese occupation of Rhodes
22:Reconquest of Constantinople
7:
2796:Fortifications of Heraklion
2661:Heptanese school (painting)
1984:Revolt of Alexios Kallergis
1730:Church of the Parigoritissa
1703:Church of the Holy Apostles
1623:Miracles of Saint Demetrius
1464:Sack of Thessalonica (1185)
1407:Under the Heraclian dynasty
851:; Hazard, Harry W. (eds.).
839:Wolff, Robert Lee (1969) .
276:Campaigns of Constantine XI
10:
2897:
2345:Maona of Chios and Phocaea
1518:Battle of Pharsalus (1277)
1265:Eustathius of Thessalonica
1216:Constantine XI Palaiologos
1156:Andronikos III Palaiologos
1101:Michael II Komnenos Doukas
772:Bartusis, Mark C. (1997).
765:
625:Dormition of the Theotokos
282:Angevin–Byzantine conflict
2763:
2742:
2681:
2674:
2644:Catholic Church in Greece
2604:
2557:Juan Fernández de Heredia
2428:
2218:
2178:
2142:
2135:
2094:
1884:
1682:
1590:
1575:Morea revolt of 1453–1454
1385:
1349:
1298:
1111:John I Doukas of Thessaly
1081:Michael I Komnenos Doukas
1008:
911:
567:Capture of Constantinople
559:) to keep a watch on the
393:
181:Michael I Komnenos Doukas
151:
53:
34:
26:
21:
2791:Fortifications of Chania
2704:Fortifications of Rhodes
2370:Duchy of the Archipelago
2076:7th Ottoman–Venetian War
2071:6th Ottoman–Venetian War
2059:5th Ottoman–Venetian War
2054:4th Ottoman–Venetian War
2049:3rd Ottoman–Venetian War
2039:2nd Ottoman–Venetian War
2029:1st Ottoman–Venetian War
1830:Saints Theodoroi, Serres
1432:Muslim conquest of Crete
1121:Thomas I Komnenos Doukas
1106:Michael VIII Palaiologos
1086:Theodore Komnenos Doukas
964:Theme of the Peloponnese
517:Michael VIII Palaiologos
385:Michael VIII Palaiologos
185:Theodore Komnenos Doukas
90:Re-establishment of the
2231:Kingdom of Thessalonica
1815:Panagia Ekatontapiliani
1795:Old Metropolis of Veria
1548:Zealots of Thessalonica
1397:Persecution of paganism
1350:Greek states after 1204
1206:Theodore II Palaiologos
2617:Chronicle of the Tocco
2612:Chronicle of the Morea
2471:Archbishops of Corinth
2365:Triarchy of Negroponte
2236:Principality of Achaea
2219:States and territories
2086:Treaty of Campo Formio
1645:Byzantine architecture
1560:Byzantine–Ottoman Wars
1444:Macedonian Renaissance
1372:Despotate of the Morea
1367:Empire of Thessalonica
1171:Stephen Gabrielopoulos
794:Geanakoplos, Deno John
553:Alexios Strategopoulos
525:Latin states of Greece
490:Sack of Constantinople
325:Byzantine–Venetian War
240:Conflicts in the Morea
2466:Archbishops of Patras
2009:Revolt of Saint Titus
2004:Byzantine–Genoese War
1805:Panagia Kontariotissa
1735:Didymoteicho Fortress
1533:Hesychast controversy
1483:Battle of Klokotnitsa
1459:Byzantine–Norman wars
1221:Demetrios Palaiologos
1196:Esau de' Buondelmonti
1061:Nikephoros Melissenos
959:Theme of Thessalonica
912:Provinces and regions
545:concluded an alliance
408:Constantinople (1261)
340:Byzantine–Genoese War
234:Constantinople (1261)
219:Constantinople (1241)
214:Constantinople (1235)
168:Constantinople (1204)
163:Constantinople (1203)
2801:Gouverneto Monastery
2786:Fortezza of Rethymno
2567:Foulques de Villaret
2548:Knights Hospitaller
2522:Villehardouin family
2456:Princesses of Achaea
2403:Kingdom of the Morea
2306:Veligosti and Damala
1695:Angelokastro (Corfu)
1613:Byzantine literature
1508:Battle of Makryplagi
1412:Byzantine Iconoclasm
1181:Manuel Kantakouzenos
1176:Nikephoros II Orsini
1091:Demetrios Chomatenos
1051:Nikephoros II Phokas
969:Theme of Cephallenia
2821:Old Fortress, Corfu
2816:New Fortress, Corfu
2719:Old Navarino castle
2689:Argyrokastro Castle
2505:Charles I of Naples
2024:Vlastos' conspiracy
1949:Constantinople 1261
1944:Constantinople 1260
1924:Constantinople 1235
1919:Treaty of Nymphaeum
1902:Constantinople 1204
1897:Constantinople 1203
1523:Battle of Demetrias
1513:Battle of Neopatras
1488:Battle of Pelagonia
1427:Arab–Byzantine wars
1402:Barbarian invasions
1357:Despotate of Epirus
1255:Nicephorus Gregoras
924:Theme of the Aegean
529:Despotate of Epirus
509:Battle of Pelagonia
478:Palaiologos dynasty
443:Licario's campaigns
298:Licario's campaigns
246:Grove of Kountouras
2871:Nicaean–Latin wars
2755:Castle of Mytilene
2622:Assizes of Romania
2517:Pallavicini family
2379:Republic of Venice
2360:Hospitaller Rhodes
2330:Duchy of Neopatras
1503:Battle of Prinitza
1250:George Akropolites
1226:Thomas Palaiologos
1191:Thomas Preljubović
1161:Michael Monomachos
974:Theme of Nicopolis
949:Theme of Macedonia
944:Macedonia Province
845:Setton, Kenneth M.
192:Nicaean–Latin wars
174:Epirote–Latin wars
43:Gate of the Spring
29:Nicaean-Latin Wars
2851:Conflicts in 1261
2838:
2837:
2834:
2833:
2666:Cuisine of Greece
2656:Cretan literature
2552:Pierre d'Aubusson
2461:Baillis of Achaea
2451:Princes of Achaea
2355:Navarrese Company
2340:Lordship of Chios
2251:Argos and Nauplia
2214:
2213:
1954:Treaty of Viterbo
1907:Partitio Romaniae
1843:
1842:
1790:Nea Moni of Chios
1718:Soteira Lykodemou
1713:Little Metropolis
1655:Byzantine cuisine
1618:Alexander romance
1290:George Sphrantzes
1245:Niketas Choniates
1131:Demetrios Kydones
1066:Michael Choniates
849:Wolff, Robert Lee
759:, pp. 36–37.
705:, pp. 33–35.
693:, pp. 39–40.
657:, pp. 32–33.
461:
460:
348:
347:
109:
108:
105:
104:
2888:
2811:Toplou Monastery
2771:Arkadi Monastery
2734:Zaraka Monastery
2679:
2678:
2140:
2139:
2130:
2122:
2115:
2108:
2100:
1914:Kountouras Grove
1870:
1863:
1856:
1847:
1846:
1800:Panagia Episkopi
1708:Daphni Monastery
1454:East-West Schism
1389:
1362:Empire of Nicaea
1211:Gemistos Plethon
954:Theme of Strymon
905:
904:Byzantine Greece
896:
889:
882:
873:
872:
868:
835:
816:Nicol, Donald M.
811:
789:
760:
754:
748:
742:
733:
727:
718:
712:
706:
700:
694:
688:
682:
676:
670:
664:
658:
652:
639:and imprisoned.
633:John IV Laskaris
613:Latin occupation
474:Empire of Nicaea
388:
386:
375:
368:
361:
352:
351:
146:
135:
128:
121:
112:
111:
92:Byzantine Empire
55:
54:
39:
19:
18:
2896:
2895:
2891:
2890:
2889:
2887:
2886:
2885:
2856:1260s conflicts
2841:
2840:
2839:
2830:
2806:Koules Fortress
2759:
2750:Castle of Chios
2738:
2729:Platamon Castle
2670:
2605:Cultural impact
2600:
2441:Latin Empresses
2424:
2350:Catalan Company
2318:Duchy of Athens
2210:
2174:
2131:
2124:
2123:
2117:
2116:
2110:
2109:
2102:
2101:
2092:
2064:Siege of Candia
1880:
1874:
1844:
1839:
1760:Kassiopi Castle
1750:Hexamilion wall
1740:Feraklos Castle
1725:Castle of Chios
1678:
1650:Byzantine dress
1633:Greek Anthology
1608:Byzantine music
1586:
1387:
1381:
1345:
1294:
1280:Joannes Zonaras
1146:Andronikos Asen
1141:Nicholas Orsini
1136:Catalan Company
1126:Gregory Palamas
1031:Irene of Athens
1004:
934:Theme of Hellas
919:Achaea Province
907:
903:
900:
865:
832:
786:
768:
763:
755:
751:
743:
736:
728:
721:
713:
709:
701:
697:
689:
685:
677:
673:
665:
661:
653:
649:
645:
621:
569:
513:Nicaean emperor
505:
462:
457:
428:Mongol invasion
389:
384:
381:
379:
349:
344:
147:
141:
139:
87:
84:Nicaean victory
73:
61:25 July 1261 CE
40:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2894:
2884:
2883:
2878:
2876:Constantinople
2873:
2868:
2863:
2858:
2853:
2836:
2835:
2832:
2831:
2829:
2828:
2823:
2818:
2813:
2808:
2803:
2798:
2793:
2788:
2783:
2781:Frangokastello
2778:
2776:Bourtzi Castle
2773:
2767:
2765:
2761:
2760:
2758:
2757:
2752:
2746:
2744:
2740:
2739:
2737:
2736:
2731:
2726:
2721:
2716:
2711:
2706:
2701:
2696:
2691:
2685:
2683:
2676:
2672:
2671:
2669:
2668:
2663:
2658:
2653:
2648:
2647:
2646:
2641:
2640:
2639:
2624:
2619:
2614:
2608:
2606:
2602:
2601:
2599:
2598:
2597:
2596:
2591:
2586:
2576:
2571:
2570:
2569:
2564:
2559:
2554:
2546:
2541:
2539:Marco I Sanudo
2536:
2535:
2534:
2529:
2519:
2514:
2509:
2508:
2507:
2497:
2496:
2495:
2485:
2484:
2483:
2473:
2468:
2463:
2458:
2453:
2448:
2443:
2438:
2436:Latin Emperors
2432:
2430:
2426:
2425:
2423:
2422:
2421:
2420:
2415:
2410:
2405:
2400:
2391:
2389:Ionian Islands
2386:
2372:
2367:
2362:
2357:
2352:
2347:
2342:
2337:
2332:
2327:
2326:
2325:
2315:
2314:
2313:
2308:
2303:
2298:
2293:
2288:
2283:
2278:
2273:
2268:
2263:
2258:
2253:
2248:
2243:
2233:
2228:
2222:
2220:
2216:
2215:
2212:
2211:
2209:
2208:
2203:
2198:
2193:
2188:
2182:
2180:
2176:
2175:
2173:
2172:
2167:
2162:
2157:
2152:
2150:Constantinople
2146:
2144:
2137:
2133:
2132:
2095:
2093:
2091:
2090:
2089:
2088:
2078:
2073:
2068:
2067:
2066:
2056:
2051:
2046:
2041:
2036:
2031:
2026:
2021:
2016:
2011:
2006:
2001:
1996:
1991:
1986:
1981:
1976:
1971:
1966:
1961:
1956:
1951:
1946:
1941:
1936:
1931:
1926:
1921:
1916:
1911:
1910:
1909:
1904:
1899:
1892:Fourth Crusade
1888:
1886:
1882:
1881:
1873:
1872:
1865:
1858:
1850:
1841:
1840:
1838:
1837:
1835:Trikala Castle
1832:
1827:
1822:
1817:
1812:
1807:
1802:
1797:
1792:
1787:
1782:
1777:
1772:
1767:
1762:
1757:
1752:
1747:
1745:Gardiki Castle
1742:
1737:
1732:
1727:
1722:
1721:
1720:
1715:
1710:
1705:
1697:
1692:
1686:
1684:
1680:
1679:
1677:
1676:
1675:
1674:
1662:
1657:
1652:
1647:
1642:
1641:
1640:
1635:
1630:
1625:
1620:
1610:
1605:
1602:Macedonian art
1594:
1592:
1588:
1587:
1585:
1584:
1583:
1582:
1577:
1572:
1567:
1557:
1556:
1555:
1550:
1545:
1540:
1530:
1525:
1520:
1515:
1510:
1505:
1500:
1490:
1485:
1480:
1479:
1478:
1471:Fourth Crusade
1468:
1467:
1466:
1456:
1451:
1446:
1441:
1440:
1439:
1434:
1424:
1419:
1414:
1409:
1404:
1399:
1393:
1391:
1383:
1382:
1380:
1379:
1374:
1369:
1364:
1359:
1353:
1351:
1347:
1346:
1344:
1343:
1338:
1333:
1328:
1323:
1318:
1313:
1308:
1302:
1300:
1296:
1295:
1293:
1292:
1287:
1285:George Kodinos
1282:
1277:
1272:
1270:Michael Glykas
1267:
1262:
1260:John Scylitzes
1257:
1252:
1247:
1238:
1233:
1228:
1223:
1218:
1213:
1208:
1203:
1198:
1193:
1188:
1183:
1178:
1173:
1168:
1163:
1158:
1153:
1151:John II Orsini
1148:
1143:
1138:
1133:
1128:
1123:
1118:
1113:
1108:
1103:
1098:
1096:John Apokaukos
1093:
1088:
1083:
1078:
1073:
1068:
1063:
1058:
1053:
1048:
1043:
1038:
1033:
1028:
1023:
1018:
1012:
1010:
1006:
1005:
1003:
1002:
997:
992:
991:
990:
976:
971:
966:
961:
956:
951:
946:
941:
939:Theme of Samos
936:
931:
926:
921:
915:
913:
909:
908:
899:
898:
891:
884:
876:
870:
869:
863:
836:
830:
812:
790:
784:
767:
764:
762:
761:
749:
734:
719:
707:
695:
683:
671:
669:, p. 229.
659:
646:
644:
641:
620:
617:
568:
565:
504:
501:
486:Fourth Crusade
470:Constantinople
459:
458:
456:
455:
450:
445:
440:
435:
430:
425:
420:
415:
410:
405:
400:
394:
391:
390:
378:
377:
370:
363:
355:
346:
345:
343:
342:
337:
332:
327:
322:
317:
311:
310:
306:
305:
300:
295:
290:
284:
283:
279:
278:
273:
268:
263:
258:
253:
248:
242:
241:
237:
236:
231:
226:
221:
216:
211:
206:
201:
195:
194:
188:
187:
176:
175:
171:
170:
165:
159:
158:
156:Fourth Crusade
152:
149:
148:
138:
137:
130:
123:
115:
107:
106:
103:
102:
101:
100:
94:
86:
85:
81:
79:
75:
74:
71:Constantinople
69:
67:
63:
62:
59:
51:
50:
32:
31:
24:
23:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2893:
2882:
2879:
2877:
2874:
2872:
2869:
2867:
2864:
2862:
2859:
2857:
2854:
2852:
2849:
2848:
2846:
2827:
2824:
2822:
2819:
2817:
2814:
2812:
2809:
2807:
2804:
2802:
2799:
2797:
2794:
2792:
2789:
2787:
2784:
2782:
2779:
2777:
2774:
2772:
2769:
2768:
2766:
2762:
2756:
2753:
2751:
2748:
2747:
2745:
2741:
2735:
2732:
2730:
2727:
2725:
2722:
2720:
2717:
2715:
2712:
2710:
2707:
2705:
2702:
2700:
2697:
2695:
2692:
2690:
2687:
2686:
2684:
2680:
2677:
2673:
2667:
2664:
2662:
2659:
2657:
2654:
2652:
2651:Cretan school
2649:
2645:
2642:
2638:
2635:
2634:
2633:
2630:
2629:
2628:
2625:
2623:
2620:
2618:
2615:
2613:
2610:
2609:
2607:
2603:
2595:
2594:Centurione II
2592:
2590:
2587:
2585:
2582:
2581:
2580:
2577:
2575:
2574:Roger de Flor
2572:
2568:
2565:
2563:
2560:
2558:
2555:
2553:
2550:
2549:
2547:
2545:
2542:
2540:
2537:
2533:
2530:
2528:
2525:
2524:
2523:
2520:
2518:
2515:
2513:
2510:
2506:
2503:
2502:
2501:
2498:
2494:
2491:
2490:
2489:
2486:
2482:
2479:
2478:
2477:
2474:
2472:
2469:
2467:
2464:
2462:
2459:
2457:
2454:
2452:
2449:
2447:
2444:
2442:
2439:
2437:
2434:
2433:
2431:
2427:
2419:
2416:
2414:
2411:
2409:
2406:
2404:
2401:
2399:
2395:
2392:
2390:
2387:
2385:
2382:
2381:
2380:
2376:
2373:
2371:
2368:
2366:
2363:
2361:
2358:
2356:
2353:
2351:
2348:
2346:
2343:
2341:
2338:
2336:
2333:
2331:
2328:
2324:
2321:
2320:
2319:
2316:
2312:
2309:
2307:
2304:
2302:
2299:
2297:
2294:
2292:
2289:
2287:
2284:
2282:
2279:
2277:
2274:
2272:
2269:
2267:
2264:
2262:
2259:
2257:
2254:
2252:
2249:
2247:
2244:
2242:
2239:
2238:
2237:
2234:
2232:
2229:
2227:
2224:
2223:
2221:
2217:
2207:
2204:
2202:
2199:
2197:
2194:
2192:
2189:
2187:
2184:
2183:
2181:
2177:
2171:
2168:
2166:
2163:
2161:
2158:
2156:
2153:
2151:
2148:
2147:
2145:
2141:
2138:
2136:Major centres
2134:
2129:
2125:
2121:
2114:
2107:
2099:
2087:
2084:
2083:
2082:
2079:
2077:
2074:
2072:
2069:
2065:
2062:
2061:
2060:
2057:
2055:
2052:
2050:
2047:
2045:
2042:
2040:
2037:
2035:
2032:
2030:
2027:
2025:
2022:
2020:
2017:
2015:
2012:
2010:
2007:
2005:
2002:
2000:
1997:
1995:
1992:
1990:
1987:
1985:
1982:
1980:
1977:
1975:
1972:
1970:
1967:
1965:
1962:
1960:
1957:
1955:
1952:
1950:
1947:
1945:
1942:
1940:
1937:
1935:
1932:
1930:
1927:
1925:
1922:
1920:
1917:
1915:
1912:
1908:
1905:
1903:
1900:
1898:
1895:
1894:
1893:
1890:
1889:
1887:
1883:
1878:
1871:
1866:
1864:
1859:
1857:
1852:
1851:
1848:
1836:
1833:
1831:
1828:
1826:
1825:Porta Panagia
1823:
1821:
1820:Patras Castle
1818:
1816:
1813:
1811:
1808:
1806:
1803:
1801:
1798:
1796:
1793:
1791:
1788:
1786:
1783:
1781:
1778:
1776:
1773:
1771:
1768:
1766:
1763:
1761:
1758:
1756:
1755:Hosios Loukas
1753:
1751:
1748:
1746:
1743:
1741:
1738:
1736:
1733:
1731:
1728:
1726:
1723:
1719:
1716:
1714:
1711:
1709:
1706:
1704:
1701:
1700:
1698:
1696:
1693:
1691:
1688:
1687:
1685:
1681:
1673:
1672:
1668:
1667:
1666:
1665:Byzantine law
1663:
1661:
1658:
1656:
1653:
1651:
1648:
1646:
1643:
1639:
1638:Acritic songs
1636:
1634:
1631:
1629:
1626:
1624:
1621:
1619:
1616:
1615:
1614:
1611:
1609:
1606:
1603:
1599:
1598:Byzantine art
1596:
1595:
1593:
1589:
1581:
1578:
1576:
1573:
1571:
1568:
1566:
1563:
1562:
1561:
1558:
1554:
1551:
1549:
1546:
1544:
1541:
1538:
1534:
1531:
1529:
1526:
1524:
1521:
1519:
1516:
1514:
1511:
1509:
1506:
1504:
1501:
1499:
1496:
1495:
1494:
1491:
1489:
1486:
1484:
1481:
1477:
1474:
1473:
1472:
1469:
1465:
1462:
1461:
1460:
1457:
1455:
1452:
1450:
1447:
1445:
1442:
1438:
1435:
1433:
1430:
1429:
1428:
1425:
1423:
1420:
1418:
1415:
1413:
1410:
1408:
1405:
1403:
1400:
1398:
1395:
1394:
1392:
1390:
1384:
1378:
1375:
1373:
1370:
1368:
1365:
1363:
1360:
1358:
1355:
1354:
1352:
1348:
1342:
1339:
1337:
1334:
1332:
1329:
1327:
1324:
1322:
1319:
1317:
1314:
1312:
1309:
1307:
1304:
1303:
1301:
1299:Major centres
1297:
1291:
1288:
1286:
1283:
1281:
1278:
1276:
1273:
1271:
1268:
1266:
1263:
1261:
1258:
1256:
1253:
1251:
1248:
1246:
1242:
1239:
1237:
1234:
1232:
1229:
1227:
1224:
1222:
1219:
1217:
1214:
1212:
1209:
1207:
1204:
1202:
1199:
1197:
1194:
1192:
1189:
1187:
1184:
1182:
1179:
1177:
1174:
1172:
1169:
1167:
1164:
1162:
1159:
1157:
1154:
1152:
1149:
1147:
1144:
1142:
1139:
1137:
1134:
1132:
1129:
1127:
1124:
1122:
1119:
1117:
1114:
1112:
1109:
1107:
1104:
1102:
1099:
1097:
1094:
1092:
1089:
1087:
1084:
1082:
1079:
1077:
1074:
1072:
1069:
1067:
1064:
1062:
1059:
1057:
1054:
1052:
1049:
1047:
1044:
1042:
1039:
1037:
1034:
1032:
1029:
1027:
1024:
1022:
1019:
1017:
1014:
1013:
1011:
1007:
1001:
1000:Great Vlachia
998:
996:
993:
989:
985:
982:
981:
980:
977:
975:
972:
970:
967:
965:
962:
960:
957:
955:
952:
950:
947:
945:
942:
940:
937:
935:
932:
930:
927:
925:
922:
920:
917:
916:
914:
910:
906:
897:
892:
890:
885:
883:
878:
877:
874:
866:
864:0-299-04844-6
860:
856:
855:
850:
846:
842:
837:
833:
831:0-246-10559-3
827:
823:
822:
817:
813:
809:
805:
801:
800:
795:
791:
787:
785:0-8122-1620-2
781:
777:
776:
770:
769:
758:
753:
747:, p. 35.
746:
741:
739:
732:, p. 41.
731:
730:Bartusis 1997
726:
724:
717:, p. 40.
716:
715:Bartusis 1997
711:
704:
699:
692:
691:Bartusis 1997
687:
681:, p. 33.
680:
675:
668:
663:
656:
651:
647:
640:
638:
634:
630:
626:
616:
614:
610:
606:
602:
601:thelematarioi
598:
595:and hid at a
594:
589:
586:
582:
578:
577:thelematarioi
574:
564:
562:
558:
554:
550:
546:
542:
538:
534:
530:
526:
522:
518:
514:
510:
500:
499:
493:
491:
487:
483:
479:
475:
471:
467:
454:
451:
449:
446:
444:
441:
439:
436:
434:
431:
429:
426:
424:
421:
419:
416:
414:
411:
409:
406:
404:
401:
399:
396:
395:
392:
387:
376:
371:
369:
364:
362:
357:
356:
353:
341:
338:
336:
333:
331:
328:
326:
323:
321:
318:
316:
313:
312:
308:
307:
304:
301:
299:
296:
294:
291:
289:
286:
285:
281:
280:
277:
274:
272:
269:
267:
264:
262:
259:
257:
254:
252:
249:
247:
244:
243:
239:
238:
235:
232:
230:
227:
225:
222:
220:
217:
215:
212:
210:
207:
205:
202:
200:
197:
196:
193:
190:
189:
186:
182:
179:Campaigns of
178:
177:
173:
172:
169:
166:
164:
161:
160:
157:
154:
153:
150:
145:
136:
131:
129:
124:
122:
117:
116:
113:
99:
95:
93:
89:
88:
83:
82:
80:
77:
76:
72:
68:
65:
64:
60:
57:
56:
52:
48:
44:
38:
33:
30:
25:
20:
2375:Stato da MĂ r
2261:Chalandritsa
2226:Latin Empire
2155:Thessaloniki
2103:
1948:
1877:Frankokratia
1669:
1497:
1306:Thessaloniki
1275:Anna Komnene
1240:
1166:John Angelos
1041:Nikephoros I
1026:Justinian II
853:
820:
798:
774:
752:
710:
698:
686:
674:
662:
650:
629:Hagia Sophia
622:
600:
590:
576:
570:
521:Latin Empire
506:
494:
482:Latin Empire
465:
463:
407:
261:Saint George
233:
144:Frankokratia
98:Latin Empire
46:
2709:Grand Magne
2584:Benedetto I
2044:Rhodes 1522
2034:Rhodes 1480
2019:Rhodes 1444
1879:(1204–1797)
1770:Mount Athos
1690:Acrocorinth
1186:Simeon Uroš
1076:Leo Gabalas
1071:Leo Sgouros
1016:Justinian I
609:Golden Horn
199:Adramyttion
96:End of the
2845:Categories
2699:Exomvourgo
2694:Chlemoutsi
2532:William II
2527:Geoffrey I
1969:Settepozzi
1964:Makryplagi
1780:Monemvasia
1671:Hexabiblos
1241:Historians
979:Sclaviniae
808:1011763434
757:Nicol 1993
745:Nicol 1993
703:Nicol 1993
679:Nicol 1993
667:Wolff 1969
655:Nicol 1993
643:References
605:Baldwin II
593:city walls
585:Daphnousia
561:Bulgarians
537:city walls
503:Background
423:Makryplagi
418:Settepozzi
320:Settepozzi
256:Makryplagi
209:Poimanenon
2675:Monuments
2512:Gattilusi
2493:Antonio I
2488:Acciaioli
2296:Passavant
2286:Karytaina
2281:Kalavryta
2256:Bodonitsa
2160:Glarentza
2014:Echinades
1979:Demetrias
1974:Neopatras
1939:Pelagonia
1683:Monuments
1021:Heraclius
619:Aftermath
597:monastery
573:Selymbria
448:Pharsalus
438:Demetrias
433:Neopatras
398:Pelagonia
293:Demetrias
288:Neopatras
271:Echinades
224:Pelagonia
204:Rhyndacus
2826:Palamidi
2764:Venetian
2682:Frankish
2579:Zaccaria
2500:Angevins
2311:Vostitsa
2276:Gritzena
2266:Estamira
1999:Manolada
1994:Halmyros
1959:Prinitza
1537:Palamism
1377:Thessaly
1341:Ioannina
1056:Basil II
1036:Danielis
995:Tsakonia
988:Ezeritai
984:Melingoi
818:(1993).
796:(1959).
581:Venetian
533:attacked
413:Prinitza
382:Wars of
251:Prinitza
66:Location
27:Part of
2743:Genoese
2589:Martino
2481:Carlo I
2418:Preveza
2408:Lepanto
2377:of the
2246:Arcadia
2179:Islands
1885:History
1785:Mystras
1765:Meteora
1699:Athens
1591:Culture
1388:History
1321:Mystras
1316:Corinth
1046:Basil I
766:Sources
637:blinded
266:Gardiki
2637:Latins
2429:People
2323:Salona
2301:Patras
2271:Geraki
2201:Rhodes
2196:Lesbos
2170:Athens
2165:Patras
2143:Cities
1331:Thebes
1326:Patras
1311:Athens
1009:People
861:
828:
806:
782:
557:Cumans
541:Galata
78:Result
2714:Isova
2476:Tocco
2413:Parga
2398:Coron
2394:Modon
2384:Crete
2291:Nikli
2241:Akova
2206:Naxos
2191:Chios
2186:Crete
929:Crete
843:. In
549:Genoa
547:with
453:Berat
330:Apros
303:Berat
2396:and
1628:Suda
1336:Arta
986:and
859:ISBN
826:ISBN
804:OCLC
780:ISBN
464:The
183:and
58:Date
47:Pege
41:The
2847::
1243::
847:;
737:^
722:^
515:,
492:.
1869:e
1862:t
1855:v
1604:)
1600:(
1539:)
1535:(
895:e
888:t
881:v
867:.
834:.
810:.
788:.
374:e
367:t
360:v
134:e
127:t
120:v
45:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
_1.jpg)