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approximately 9,300 years old, the Red River has not yet carved a large valley-floodplain systems on the surrounding geography. Thus, the large lake plain becomes the floodplain to the Red River. The Lake
Agassiz glacial lake plain extends around 100 miles from east to west, end to end, between northeastern North Dakota and northwestern Minnesota.
378:
The Red River flows northward. The spring thaw also proceeds gradually northward. As a result, runoff from the southern portion of the valley gradually joins the fresh melt-off waters from northerly areas along the Red River. In the northern part of the Valley, this can result in devastating floods
360:, which the US acquired from France, extends north of the 49th parallel. The US ceded this to Britain in exchange for gaining the Red River Valley. These northernmost parts of the Louisiana Purchase are one of the few North American territories ever ceded by the United States to a foreign power.
225:
developed in the valley as settlement by ethnic
Europeans increased in the late nineteenth century. Completion of major railroads, availability of cheap lands, and forceful removal of Indigenous people as well as a subsequent refusal to recognize Indigenous land claims attracted many new settlers.
307:
392:
The floor of
Glacial Lake Agassiz is one of the flattest expanses of land in the world. Here, the Red River has cut a shallow, winding valley. As a result of this, when the river floods on this plain, a devastating event can occur. The areal coverage of the waters can become dramatic. Being
385:
These are also produced because of the northward-flowing river system. Ice is moving from the southern Valley and freshly-broken ice is moving from the central and northern Valley. These two meet steadily; as a result, ice concentration in this system builds and causes delay of water flow.
399:
The gradient, or slope, of the Red River averages 5 inches per mile of length. In the region of
Drayton-Pembina, the gradient is only 1.5 inches per mile. The water tends to pool in this area during flood season. The region can become a massive, shallow lake.
944:
267:
had relations with First
Nations and Native Americans throughout the Great Lakes region. They often lived with the tribes and married or had relations with native women. By the mid-17th century, the
162:
929:
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345:.) The land acquired under the treaty had an area of 29,066,880 acres (117,629.5 km), comprising 1.3 percent of total U.S. land area. Centered on the
1098:
1817:
202:
when these territories were admitted as states in the United States, this fertile valley has been important to the economies of these states and to
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and culture, as many continued a tradition as hunters and traders involved in the fur trade. They were also farmers in this area.
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generally to describe the sections of northwestern
Minnesota and eastern North Dakota to which it secured title following the
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255:. The geography and seasonal conditions can produce devastating floods, with several recorded since the mid-20th century.
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tribes people (in addition to other First
Nations peoples), settled in the Red River valley. The Métis established an
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294:. In 1803 the United States acquired former French territory west of the Mississippi River in the
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The
British took over French territory east of the Mississippi River following its victory in the
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524:. U.S. Department of the Interior: Bureau of Land Management. 2011. p. 3. Archived from
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The four factors make the Red River Valley so prone to flooding (the factors are related to
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laid down the Red River Valley Silts. The valley was long an area of habitation by various
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286:. In the early 19th century, the lucrative fur trade attracted continuing interest, and
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194:; it is part of both Canada and the United States. Forming the border between
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16:
Region in central North
America that is drained by the Red River of the North
325:
This land became part as the second article of the 1818 treaty declared the
1779:
1711:
1468:
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653:
497:"The Convention of 1818 and the 49th Parallel: Background History for Kids"
236:
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peoples. The river flows north through a wide ancient lake plain to
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1040:
450:. Saint Paul, MN: Minnesota Historical Society Press. p. 41.
306:
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1427:
1173:
474:
The Red River
Settlement: Its Rise, Progress, and Present State
330:
244:
575:"Why is the Red River of the North so vulnerable to flooding"
226:
Some developed large-scale agricultural operations known as
51:
The Red River drainage basin, with the Red River highlighted
272:
581:. Department of Geosciences North Dakota State University
322:
that settled the northern boundary of the US and Canada.
298:
from France. This included some of the Red River Valley.
519:"Acquisition of the Public Domain, 1781–1867: Table 1-1"
349:, these lands had previously been under the control of
511:
3798:
Former regions and territories of the United States
945:
Riding Mountain Park East Gate Registration Complex
464:
356:West of the Red River Valley, the territory of the
549:
3769:
470:
329:to be the official border between the U.S. and
301:
230:, which concentrated on wheat commodity crops.
1619:
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1760:
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258:
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1767:
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617:
170:
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1774:
379:if the effects occur at the same time.
376:Synchrony of Discharge with Spring Thaw:
305:
443:
337:. (This borderline was extended to the
3770:
2619:
758:Montana valley and foothill grasslands
2593:
1748:
1080:
638:
612:
550:McMullin, Kevin D. (April 16, 2011).
271:, descendants of these Frenchmen and
753:Canadian aspen forests and parklands
579:Geology of the Fargo-Moorhead Region
363:
1161:
604:RiverWatchOnline: Red River History
572:
13:
3823:River valleys of the United States
314:The U.S. government uses the term
14:
3834:
597:
320:Anglo-American Convention of 1818
243:cultures, including the historic
21:Red River Valley (disambiguation)
3719:
2573:
1888:
1728:
397:Decrease in Gradient Downstream:
45:
144:Canadian Heritage Rivers System
566:
447:A Popular History of Minnesota
437:
1:
3029:Twin Cities metropolitan area
811:Writing-on-Stone / Áísínai'pi
302:U.S. geographical importance
7:
444:Risjord, Norman K. (2005).
403:
10:
3839:
477:. Smith, Elder and Company
209:The population centers of
18:
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3267:
3037:
2939:
2836:
2680:Colleges and universities
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2628:
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2291:
2071:
1991:
1953:
1897:
1886:
1818:Colleges and universities
1798:
1786:
1724:
1596:
1308:
1244:
1186:
1115:
1056:
1016:
978:
839:
816:UNESCO Biosphere Reserves
789:International recognition
788:
782:Parks and protected areas
781:
768:Northern short grasslands
763:Northern mixed grasslands
732:
706:
661:Physiographic sub-regions
660:
646:
259:Early European settlement
219:Grand Forks, North Dakota
3818:Midwestern United States
1009:District of Saskatchewan
773:Northern tall grasslands
698:Rocky Mountain Foothills
471:Ross, Alexander (1856).
430:
310:Red River drainage basin
3813:River valleys of Canada
3808:Regions of North Dakota
3793:Valleys of North Dakota
2685:Congressional districts
2580:North Dakota portal
190:that is drained by the
186:is a region in central
3778:Red River of the North
2989:Minnesota River Valley
1004:District of Assiniboia
887:Cypress Hills Massacre
410:Treaty of Old Crossing
347:Red River of the North
311:
192:Red River of the North
39:Red River of the North
3783:Landforms of Manitoba
2974:Dissected Till Plains
1677:Notre-Dame-de-Lourdes
1196:Winnipeg Metro Region
1029:Blackfoot Confederacy
309:
3803:Regions of Minnesota
3788:Valleys of Minnesota
3726:Minnesota portal
2722:Historical Landmarks
1403:Powerview-Pine Falls
1024:Plains First Nations
955:Rocky Mountain House
796:World Heritage Sites
552:"The Treaty of 1818"
531:on February 19, 2017
19:For other uses, see
3750: /
3139:Inver Grove Heights
2969:Coteau des Prairies
2816:Tourist attractions
2732:Indian reservations
1880:Tourist attractions
999:District of Alberta
673:Manitoba Escarpment
390:Glacial Lake Plain:
211:Moorhead, Minnesota
1574:Sainte Rose du Lac
1275:Portage la Prairie
1148:Population centres
1017:Indigenous peoples
994:Selkirk Concession
737:) and ecoregions (
678:Saskatchewan Plain
425:Red River Floodway
370:physical geography
358:Louisiana Purchase
341:in 1846 under the
312:
296:Louisiana Purchase
223:Winnipeg, Manitoba
128:Red River Floodway
3754:49.000°N 97.500°W
3733:
3732:
3467:Lake of the Woods
2764:Political parties
2587:
2586:
1742:
1741:
1720:
1719:
1592:
1591:
1182:
1181:
1153:Designated places
1074:
1073:
968:
967:
719:Qu'Appelle Valley
707:Physical features
652:, shared with US
640:Canadian Prairies
573:Schwert, Donald.
420:Portage Diversion
364:Prone to flooding
180:
179:
3830:
3765:
3764:
3762:
3761:
3760:
3755:
3751:
3748:
3747:
3746:
3743:
3724:
3723:
3722:
3041:pop. over 25,000
3014:Red River Valley
2774:School districts
2747:Local government
2614:
2607:
2600:
2591:
2590:
2578:
2577:
2576:
2075:pop. 1,000–5,000
1983:Turtle Mountains
1978:Red River Valley
1892:
1769:
1762:
1755:
1746:
1745:
1732:
1617:
1616:
1444:
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1236:Red River Valley
1159:
1158:
1128:Census divisions
1107:Subdivisions of
1101:
1094:
1087:
1078:
1077:
1061:Geography portal
1046:Métis in Alberta
1034:Iron Confederacy
990:Red River Colony
979:Historic regions
940:Lower Fort Garry
897:Fort Livingstone
786:
785:
748:Prairies Ecozone
724:Red River Valley
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499:. September 2015
493:
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468:
462:
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441:
316:Red River Valley
292:Red River Colony
290:established the
284:Seven Years' War
184:Red River Valley
172:
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112:Red River Valley
82:
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26:
25:
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3759:49.000; -97.500
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3720:
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3707:Yellow Medicine
3263:
3074:Brooklyn Center
3040:
3033:
2999:Northwest Angle
2954:Boundary Waters
2935:
2832:
2821:Mall of America
2636:
2624:
2618:
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2074:
2073:Smaller cities
2067:
1995:pop. over 5,000
1994:
1987:
1968:Missouri Coteau
1949:
1893:
1884:
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1782:
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1716:
1620:Former villages
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1611:St-Pierre-Jolys
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1143:Indian reserves
1111:
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925:Frenchman Butte
892:Fort Battleford
862:Riding Mountain
835:
831:Riding Mountain
801:Head-Smashed-In
777:
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683:Missouri Coteau
656:
650:Interior plains
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335:Rocky Mountains
304:
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234:Paleogeographic
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3229:St. Louis Park
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3043:
3039:Largest cities
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2979:Driftless Area
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2828:Transportation
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3717:
3119:Eden Prairie
3054:Apple Valley
3013:
2874:Homelessness
2859:Demographics
2779:High schools
2630:
2571:
2278:Watford City
2218:New Rockford
2053:Watford City
1977:
1920:Demographics
1860:LGBT history
1848:bibliography
1788:
1780:North Dakota
1712:Winnipegosis
1647:Crystal City
1469:East Selkirk
1447:Former towns
1353:Grand Rapids
1235:
1169:Mystery Lake
1116:Subdivisions
821:Beaver Hills
723:
714:Beaver Hills
654:Great Plains
583:. Retrieved
578:
568:
556:. Retrieved
545:
533:. Retrieved
526:the original
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288:Lord Selkirk
281:
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237:Lake Agassiz
232:
208:
200:North Dakota
183:
181:
111:
107:Lake Agassiz
79:U.S. impacts
59:Major Floods
3757: /
3617:Saint Louis
3452:Koochiching
3164:Minneapolis
3154:Maple Grove
3099:Coon Rapids
3069:Bloomington
3004:North Woods
2994:North Shore
2801:State parks
2742:Legislature
2690:Delegations
2386:Grand Forks
2128:Cooperstown
2043:Valley City
2023:Grand Forks
2008:Devils Lake
1940:LGBT rights
1828:Delegations
1539:Plum Coulee
1534:Pilot Mound
1363:Leaf Rapids
1138:Communities
912:Forts Rouge
877:Bar U Ranch
558:October 26,
554:. Wordpress
535:October 26,
503:October 26,
481:October 26,
265:fur traders
3772:Categories
3682:Washington
3557:Pennington
3552:Otter Tail
3512:Mille Lacs
3357:Cottonwood
3347:Clearwater
3307:Blue Earth
3234:Saint Paul
3194:Prior Lake
3169:Minnetonka
3089:Chanhassen
3084:Burnsville
2984:Iron Range
2911:Newspapers
2791:State fair
2632:Saint Paul
2233:Park River
2113:Carrington
2103:Burlington
2058:West Fargo
1697:St. Lazare
1692:St. Claude
1642:Cartwright
1544:Rapid City
1459:Boissevain
1423:Swan River
1393:Niverville
1328:Beausejour
950:Riel House
916:Fort Garry
907:Fort Walsh
902:Fort Pelly
857:Grasslands
852:Elk Island
733:Ecozones (
333:up to the
241:indigenous
206:, Canada.
91:2011 flood
86:2009 flood
74:1997 flood
69:1950 flood
3627:Sherburne
3567:Pipestone
3442:Kandiyohi
3382:Faribault
3362:Crow Wing
3302:Big Stone
3249:Shoreview
3224:St. Cloud
3219:Roseville
3214:Rosemount
3209:Rochester
3204:Richfield
3159:Maplewood
3144:Lakeville
3129:Elk River
3024:Southeast
3019:Siouxland
3009:Pipestone
2949:Arrowhead
2869:Education
2811:Territory
2752:Townships
2702:Geography
2635:(capital)
2622:Minnesota
2620:State of
2451:Mountrail
2401:Hettinger
2321:Bottineau
2173:Hillsboro
2168:Hettinger
2153:Hankinson
2138:Ellendale
2118:Casselton
2093:Bottineau
2063:Williston
2028:Jamestown
2013:Dickinson
1930:Education
1838:Governors
1833:Geography
1793:(capital)
1657:Ethelbert
1632:Binscarth
1606:Dunnottar
1524:Minitonas
1514:MacGregor
1494:Grandview
1489:Gladstone
1464:Deloraine
1418:Stonewall
1413:Ste. Anne
1408:Snow Lake
1378:Minnedosa
1368:Lynn Lake
1343:Churchill
1285:Steinbach
1264:Flin Flon
1211:Interlake
960:The Forks
930:Frog Lake
383:Ice Jams:
277:ethnicity
196:Minnesota
3687:Watonwan
3662:Traverse
3597:Renville
3587:Red Lake
3532:Nicollet
3517:Morrison
3492:Marshall
3487:Mahnomen
3472:Le Sueur
3407:Hennepin
3392:Freeborn
3387:Fillmore
3332:Chippewa
3292:Beltrami
3269:Counties
3259:Woodbury
3244:Shakopee
3189:Plymouth
3184:Owatonna
3174:Moorhead
2921:Religion
2916:Politics
2884:Cannabis
2844:Abortion
2796:Statutes
2786:Scouting
2712:Governor
2561:Williams
2531:Stutsman
2506:Sheridan
2491:Richland
2486:Renville
2431:McKenzie
2426:McIntosh
2346:Cavalier
2336:Burleigh
2316:Billings
2293:Counties
2273:Washburn
2268:Walhalla
2253:Thompson
2223:New Town
2213:Mayville
2193:Larimore
2143:Garrison
2123:Cavalier
2048:Wahpeton
2003:Bismarck
1963:Badlands
1945:Politics
1935:Gun laws
1905:Abortion
1790:Bismarck
1707:Wawanesa
1687:Somerset
1682:Riverton
1667:McCreary
1662:Glenboro
1598:Villages
1579:Treherne
1559:Rossburn
1529:Oak Lake
1479:Erickson
1333:Carberry
1300:Winnipeg
1290:Thompson
1221:Parkland
1216:Northern
1109:Manitoba
840:National
806:Dinosaur
404:See also
204:Manitoba
31:a series
29:Part of
3745:97°30′W
3742:49°00′N
3667:Wabasha
3647:Stevens
3637:Stearns
3592:Redwood
3547:Olmsted
3477:Lincoln
3447:Kittson
3437:Kanabec
3432:Jackson
3417:Hubbard
3412:Houston
3397:Goodhue
3377:Douglas
3337:Chisago
3317:Carlton
3179:Oakdale
3149:Mankato
3134:Fridley
3049:Andover
2964:Central
2941:Regions
2931:Theater
2864:Economy
2849:Culture
2837:Society
2806:Symbols
2727:History
2707:Geology
2697:Ecology
2670:Climate
2655:Outline
2501:Sargent
2496:Rolette
2466:Pembina
2421:McHenry
2411:LaMoure
2248:Stanley
2198:Lincoln
2188:Langdon
2183:Kenmare
2148:Grafton
1955:Regions
1925:Economy
1910:Culture
1898:Society
1875:Symbols
1855:Islands
1843:History
1823:Cuisine
1813:Climate
1702:Waskada
1672:Napinka
1652:Elkhorn
1637:Bowsman
1564:Russell
1519:Manitou
1509:Hartney
1504:Hamiota
1474:Emerson
1398:The Pas
1388:Neepawa
1295:Winkler
1280:Selkirk
1259:Dauphin
1254:Brandon
1231:Westman
1206:Eastman
1188:Regions
1123:Regions
882:Batoche
585:13 July
263:French
99:Geology
3702:Wright
3697:Winona
3692:Wilkin
3677:Waseca
3672:Wadena
3642:Steele
3632:Sibley
3612:Roseau
3582:Ramsey
3542:Norman
3537:Nobles
3527:Murray
3507:Meeker
3502:McLeod
3497:Martin
3427:Itasca
3422:Isanti
3367:Dakota
3322:Carver
3297:Benton
3287:Becker
3277:Aitkin
3254:Winona
3239:Savage
3199:Ramsey
3109:Duluth
3094:Chaska
3064:Blaine
3059:Austin
2926:Sports
2769:Rivers
2759:People
2717:Hiking
2665:Cities
2642:Topics
2541:Traill
2536:Towner
2526:Steele
2481:Ransom
2476:Ramsey
2471:Pierce
2461:Oliver
2456:Nelson
2446:Morton
2441:Mercer
2436:McLean
2406:Kidder
2396:Griggs
2376:Foster
2371:Emmons
2356:Divide
2351:Dickey
2326:Bowman
2311:Benson
2306:Barnes
2283:Wishek
2208:Lisbon
2203:Linton
2178:Horace
2158:Harvey
2133:Crosby
2098:Bowman
2088:Beulah
2033:Mandan
1870:People
1800:Topics
1627:Benito
1584:Tuxedo
1569:Souris
1554:Roblin
1549:Rivers
1499:Gretna
1454:Birtle
1433:Virden
1428:Teulon
1383:Morris
1373:Melita
1348:Gillam
1338:Carman
1323:Arborg
1318:Altona
1270:Morden
1266:(part)
1246:Cities
1174:Pinawa
918:, and
454:
331:Canada
245:Ojibwe
221:, and
33:on the
3652:Swift
3622:Scott
3522:Mower
3402:Grant
3372:Dodge
3312:Brown
3282:Anoka
3124:Edina
3114:Eagan
2906:Music
2854:Crime
2737:Lakes
2650:Index
2556:Wells
2546:Walsh
2521:Stark
2516:Slope
2511:Sioux
2416:Logan
2391:Grant
2331:Burke
2301:Adams
2263:Velva
2258:Tioga
2243:Rugby
2238:Rolla
2228:Oakes
2163:Hazen
2108:Cando
2083:Beach
2038:Minot
2018:Fargo
1915:Crime
1865:Music
1808:Index
1776:State
1310:Towns
1041:Métis
847:Parks
529:(PDF)
522:(PDF)
431:Notes
269:Métis
249:Métis
215:Fargo
3657:Todd
3607:Rock
3602:Rice
3577:Pope
3572:Polk
3562:Pine
3482:Lyon
3462:Lake
3352:Cook
3342:Clay
3327:Cass
2896:LGBT
2889:Guns
2551:Ward
2366:Eddy
2361:Dunn
2341:Cass
1162:LGDs
587:2015
560:2015
537:2015
505:2015
483:2015
452:ISBN
273:Cree
247:and
217:and
198:and
182:The
2879:Law
1778:of
739:WWF
735:CEC
372:):
3774::
914:,
577:.
353:.
213:,
2676:)
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23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
