478:(a town near the North Cape) complained that king crabs' claws were ruining fishing nets and deep lines. Despite these concerns, the species is protected by diplomatic accords between Norway and Russia as part of a fisheries agreement between Norway and Russia about the Barents Sea, and a bilateral fishing commission decides how to manage the stocks and imposes fishing quotas. West of the North Cape on Norway's northern tip, Norway manages its crab population itself. As of May 2006, only 259 Norwegian fishermen were allowed to catch it east of the North Cape.
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to match its output of blood with its input of blood. Because of the stretching between beats, the Frank-Starling mechanism allows the heart to then naturally contract more forcefully, allowing greater flow of blood, which results in the matched heart output to the increased blood received. The Frank-Starling mechanism is a little different in crustaceans, as it involves the cardiac ganglion as described previously. The stretching of the heart induces the ganglion to fire more regularly and powerfully.
42:
660:. The water is drawn in from behind the walking legs then expelled from the branchial chambers through the tubes called prebronchial apertures, which are located beside the mouth. To filter the water before entering the branchial chamber, crabs have branchiostegal hairs that can collect debris. Due to the environment to which it is exposed, the posterior gills of the crab can also be cleared of parasites and sediment by increasing the movement of its fifth set of primitive legs.
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489:. The report (as at 24 May 2006) said that in Norwegian Sea, in the Barents Sea (east of the North Cape), catching red king crab is allowed with license only due to a fisheries agreement between Norway and Russia, but elsewhere in Norwegian seas, the catching of king crab is much freer, but nonetheless, if someone catches one, it is illegal to throw it back in the sea.
667:. The afferent channel transports blood from the gill axis into each filament through a fine afferent canal to the gill top. Blood returns by a minute efferent canal to the gill tip to the efferent channel and passes to the pericardial chamber, which contains the heart. Gases are exchanged in the numerous filaments, and oxygen absorption is especially facilitated by
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Red king crabs are experiencing a steady decline in numbers in their native far east coastal waters for unclear reasons, though several theories for the precipitous drop in the crab population have been proposed, including overfishing, warmer waters, and increased fish predation. Fishing controls set
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works within crustaceans. The Frank-Starling mechanism refers to the vitally important intrinsic control of the heart; mainly, the stretching of the cardiac muscle tends to increase the force of its contraction by an effect at the cellular level. This mechanism is important as it allows the organism
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that is responsible for initiating heartbeats. Heartbeats originate in nervous tissue; innervated muscle cells cause the heart to contract when stimulated by nerve impulses. The cardiac ganglion, which consists of nine neurons, attaches to the dorsal wall of the heart. The anterior neurons innervate
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larvae) stay in the shallower waters where food and protection are plentiful. Usually, after the age of two, the crabs move down to depths of 20–50 m (66–164 ft) and take part in what is known as podding; hundreds of crabs come together in tight, highly concentrated groups. Adult crabs are
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Red king crabs have been seen in water temperatures that range from −1.8 to 12.8 °C (28.8–55.0 °F), with typical being 3.2 to 5.5 °C (37.8–41.9 °F). Immatures prefer temperatures below 6 °C (43 °F). The depth at which it can live has much to do with what stage
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width up to 28 cm (11 in), a leg span of 1.8 m (5.9 ft), and a weight of 12.7 kg (28 lb). Males grow larger than females. Today, red king crabs infrequently surpass 17 cm (7 in) in carapace width and the average male landed in the Bering Sea weighs 2.9 kg
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and its population is increasing tremendously. This is causing great concern to local environmentalists and local fishermen, as the crab eats everything it comes across and is spreading very rapidly, eating most seabed life and "creating a desert". Since its introduction in the 1960s, it has spread
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with a dorsal, ostiate heart. An open circulatory system has circulating fluid that passes somewhat freely among the tissues before being collected and recirculated. The heart is in a pericardial chamber, and blood passes through this chamber into the lumen of the heart through two pairs of ostia.
671:. Red king crabs exhibit unidirectional ventilation. This can be described as the flow of water in a U-shaped course; water passes posteriorly from the incurrent opening, an opening in the carapace near the base of the chelipeds, dorsally over the gills, and anteriorly to exit beside the head.
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Mature female red king crabs must stay in warmer water (near 4 °C or 39 °F) to ensure the eggs will be ready for hatching, while the male red king crabs stay in relatively cold water (near 1.5 °C or 34.7 °F) to conserve energy. In spring (May), female red king crabs move to
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level because the crabs retain their vital functions and their feeding activities. A difference is seen, though, in the salinity tolerance between juvenile and adult red king crabs. Juveniles are slightly more tolerant to low salinity because their volume regulation is significantly better.
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Seven arteries conduct blood from the heart to various regions of the body. Each artery branches extensively, and smaller arteries ultimately end in the hemocoel. Venous blood drains into the sternal sinus, where it is conveyed by channels to the gills for aeration and returned again to the
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level of the water (i.e. making the water more acidic) would have great effect on the red king crab. They grow slower in acidified water (pH 7.8 instead of 8.0) and eventually die after longer exposure times because of the imbalance of the organisms' acid-base equilibrium.
505:). In red king crab, the hepatopancreas makes up about 90% of the intestines of the carapace and 5–10% of the total weight of the animal. The hepatopancreas of the digestive system of commercial crabs is a valuable source of a complex of enzymes with various activities:
424:. The species keeps on advancing southwards along the coast of Norway and some scientists think they are advancing around 50 km (31 mi) a year. In Norway they are sometimes called "Stalin's crabs", since they were introduced by the Soviet Union.
537:
The red king crab has a wide range of tolerance to temperature, but it affects their growth. The organism's growth and molting is slow when outside temperature falls below 8 °C (46 °F); around 12 °C (54 °F), they molt rather quickly.
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found usually more than 200 metres (656 ft) down on the sand and muddy areas in the substrate. They migrate in the winter or early spring to shallower depths for mating, but most of their lives are spent in the deep waters where they feed.
407:
In the 1960s, the Soviet Union transported red king crabs from the North
Pacific Ocean to the Murmansk Fjord. They did not survive transport overland, so a batch was flown in, which survived, was released, and bred and spread in the wild.
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the heart, whereas the other posterior neurons make synaptic contact with those anterior neurons. The posterior neuron acts as the pacemaker but also functions as the cellular oscillator and the central pattern generator. This posterior
704:
produces a train of impulses, which excites the other posterior neurons. The heart contracts when the posterior neurons activate the five anterior neurons, which send impulses to the muscle cells. This is how the
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On average, crab processing waste can account for 69% of the catch mass. The mass fraction of carapace from these wastes is approximately 60%; the rest comprises the entrails (including the digestive organ, the
534:. When the thermocline breaks down, the red king crabs migrate back to intermediate depths, where they stay until the female red king crabs release the eggs fertilized in the previous spawning.
530:, and males join the females in the shallow water before molting. In the summer (mid-June through mid-November), these crabs spend their time in fairly deep water, below the established summer
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vertically to fit over the base of the thoracic legs. The carapace encloses two branchial chambers that enclose the gills. The gill surfaces are covered in chitinous cuticle, which is
1305:
Loher, Timothy; Hill, P. Scott; Harrington, Gretchen; Cassano, Edward (1998). "Management of
Bristol Bay Red King Crab: A Critical Intersections Approach to Fisheries Management".
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The red king crab is the most coveted of the commercially sold king crab species, and it is the most expensive per unit weight. It is most commonly caught in the Bering Sea and
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molecule. Because it is a large protein molecule, it is found in the blood plasma, but not in body tissues or muscles. Hemocyanins are named appropriately because when
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Stoner, Allan W.; Ottmar, Michele L.; Copeman, Louise A. (2010). "Temperature effects on the molting, growth, and lipid composition of newly-settled red king crab".
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energy to pull water over the respiratory surface. To induce a current into the branchial chamber the crab uses back and forth movements of an appendage called the
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Falk-Petersen, Jannike; Renaud, Paul; Anisimova, Natalia (2011-01-12). "Establishment and ecosystem effects of the alien invasive red king crab (
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in high salinity and becomes hyposmotic in lower salinity. The hyperosmoticity is due to the higher sodium and potassium concentrations in the
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253:(6.4 lb). It was named after the color it turns when it is cooked rather than the color of a living animal, which tends to be more
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513:, lipase, nuclease, etc. The complex of proteolytic enzymes of the red king crab hepatopancreas is of interest in various industries.
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Due to their respiratory system's limited ability to deliver by diffusion, respiratory gases must be transported around the body.
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Dupont, Sam; Long, William
Christopher; Swiney, Katherine M.; Harris, Caitlin; Page, Heather N.; Foy, Robert J. (2013).
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Ilyushchenko, A. M.; Zenzerov, V. S. (2012). "New data on the tolerance of
Barents Sea red king crabs to low salinity".
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395:, Alaska, and is particularly difficult to catch, but is nonetheless one of the most preferred crabs for consumption.
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The red king crab has five sets of gills used for respiration, which are in the bronchial chamber within the
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Juveniles are consistently hyposmotic to the seawater because they have lower sodium concentration in their
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The red king crab is native to cold waters in the North
Pacific Ocean and adjacent seas, ranging from the
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Ponomareva, Tatyana; Timchenko, Maria; Filippov, Michael; Lapaev, Sergey; Sogorin, Evgeny (March 2021).
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Thomas, Robert E; Rice, Stanley D (1992). "Salinity tolerance of adult and juvenile red king crabs
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that uses copper atoms that are bound to its structure. Two copper atoms are needed to bind one O
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In the
Norwegian Sea, some evidence indicates that the red king crabs eat the egg masses of the
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1266:"Prospects of Red King Crab Hepatopancreas Processing: Fundamental and Applied Biochemistry"
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to gases, allowing gas exchange. Internal gills, like other specialized gills, need
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Dvoretsky, Alexander G.; Dvoretsky, Vladimir G. (2009). "Distribution of amphipods
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The red king crab is the largest species of king crab. Red king crabs can reach a
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215:. It grows to a leg span of 1.8 m (5.9 ft), and is heavily targeted by
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721:. Arthropod hemocyanin is a distinct variation specific to arthropods and is a
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In
January 2022 fishermen in the United Kingdom started catching King crabs.
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by the United States in the 1980s and 2000s have failed to stem the decline.
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native to cold waters in the North
Pacific Ocean and adjacent seas, but also
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Britayey, T. A.; Rzhaysky, A. V.; Pavlova, L. V.; Dyoretskij, A. G. (2010).
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Each gill has a main axis with many lateral filaments or lamellae that are
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in south Norway. An important natural predator of the red king crab, the
443:. There is fear of the result if they reach the cod breeding grounds off
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644:. The carapace is a covering of sheets of exoskeleton that overhang the
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612: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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Jensen, Gregory (2004). "Order:Decapoda". In
Hutchins, Michael (ed.).
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A report on 8 June 2009 said that a red king crab had been caught off
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297:, during the 1960s to provide a new, and valuable, catch in Europe.
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It was first found in Norway in 1977. In the
Barents Sea, it is an
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and are breeding there. A few have been caught as far south as
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28:
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1941:
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1631:: Possible interactions with the host in the Barents Sea".
1437:"Effects of ocean acidification on juvenile red king crab (
523:
1672:) on shallow water benthic communities of the Barents Sea"
1304:
825:
King Crabs of the World: Biology and Fisheries Management
486:
1245:"King crabs invade UK waters threatening native species"
570:
1519:. Sunderland, Massachusetts: Sinauer Associates, Inc.
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717:
and the second-most common respiratory pigment called
1551:. USA: The Benjamin/Comings Publishing. p. 489.
1026:
474:), does not occur in European waters. A fisherman in
1368:
960:
International Council for the Exploration of the Sea
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852:. Vol. 2. Detroit: Thomson-Gale. p. 208.
317:faces many predators in its native range including
1622:
1512:
1344:Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology
937:
1445:) growth, condition, calcification, and survival"
695:They have a neurogenic heart, which has rhythmic
244:can reach a leg span of 1.8 m (5.9 ft).
2806:
1219:
1217:
566:compared to the surrounding water they live in.
1668:"Studies on impact of the alien red king crab (
1032:
782:
780:
778:
301:of its lifecycle it is in; newly hatched crab (
822:
733:, their color changes from colorless to blue.
1749:
1214:
1075:"King Crab Invasion | Scuba Diving Blog"
1035:"Alaska King Crabs: Wildlife Notebook Series"
818:
816:
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558:is more rigid. The adult red king crabs are
1190:
1188:
1186:
1756:
1742:
1403:
1167:"Stalin's crabs march into foreign waters"
809:
435:found in 2010–2013 that they have reached
27:
1687:
1478:
1468:
1410:Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A
1326:
1281:
1197:"Barents Sea teems with 'Stalin's crabs'"
1107:
1081:
996:
971:
841:
628:Learn how and when to remove this message
427:By the mid 1990s, the king crabs reached
2830:Crustaceans of the eastern Pacific Ocean
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1183:
1087:
285:. It was introduced artificially by the
236:
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1600:Locomotion and Energetics in Arthropods
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1506:
1504:
1502:
1500:
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1602:. New York: Springer US. p. 278.
1225:"Stalin's crabs the new gourmet treat"
1195:Deshayes, Pierre-Henry (24 May 2006).
929:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
847:
554:. As the juveniles are smaller, their
433:Norwegian Institute of Marine Research
2492:
2491:
1737:
1142:
1113:
1037:. Alaska Department of Fish and Game.
871:
869:
789:"Invasive Alien Species Fact Sheet –
786:
485:, which is an important prey for the
1633:Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science
1571:
1546:
1533:
1510:
1495:
1047:
610:adding citations to reliable sources
581:
541:Overall, red king crabs have a high
1574:"Learn About Crabs & Relatives"
1145:"King crabs march towards the Pole"
1119:"King crabs march towards the Pole"
13:
1090:"Norway fears giant crab invasion"
1054:Alaska Department of Fish and Game
1048:Blau, S. Forrest (November 1997).
866:
850:Grzimek's Animal Life Encyclopedia
495:
14:
2861:
1699:
1143:Kirby, Alex (29 September 2003).
1010:. 6 February 2006. Archived from
875:
2840:Crustaceans of the United States
1719:
1705:
1689:10.1111/j.1439-0426.2010.01494.x
1515:Animal Physiology, Third Edition
1088:Bevanger, Lars (9 August 2006).
948:) in the Barents Sea–a review".
743:
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40:
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1397:
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1335:
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1257:
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1004:"A meal to get your claws into"
597:needs additional citations for
260:
1676:Journal of Applied Ichthyology
951:ICES Journal of Marine Science
892:
674:
577:
222:
1:
2850:Crustaceans described in 1815
798:. NOBANIS.org. Archived from
769:
764:Crab duplex-specific nuclease
713:Red king crab blood contains
516:
2835:Crustaceans of North America
1470:10.1371/journal.pone.0060959
1422:10.1016/0300-9629(92)90268-U
1307:Reviews in Fisheries Science
878:"Paralithodes camtschaticus"
823:Stevens, B. G., ed. (2014).
569:A slight fluctuation on the
402:
380:
7:
2373:Austromegabalanus psittacus
1356:10.1016/j.jembe.2010.07.011
827:. CRC Press. pp. 3–7.
736:
420:coast and also has reached
10:
2866:
2546:Paralithodes_camtschaticus
2532:Paralithodes camtschaticus
2502:Paralithodes camtschaticus
2438:Paralithodes camtschaticus
1727:Paralithodes camtschaticus
1713:Paralithodes camtschaticus
1670:Paralithodes camtschaticus
1653:10.1016/j.ecss.2009.01.025
1629:Paralithodes camtschaticus
1439:Paralithodes camtschaticus
1371:Russian Journal of Ecology
946:Paralithodes camtschaticus
791:Paralithodes camtschaticus
681:Paralithodes camtschaticus
384:
309:
232:Paralithodes camtschaticus
189:Paralithodes camtschaticus
166:Paralithodes camtschaticus
2761:
2500:
2476:
2364:
2303:
2110:
1884:
1823:Macrobrachium rosenbergii
1769:
1406:Paralithodes camtschatica
1383:10.1134/S1067413612020075
1319:10.1080/10641269891314285
759:Alaskan king crab fishing
522:shallow coastal areas to
387:Alaskan king crab fishing
162:
155:
37:Scientific classification
35:
26:
21:
2268:Portunus trituberculatus
1963:Metanephrops challengeri
1917:California spiny lobster
1598:Wilkins, Jerrel (1981).
1283:10.3390/recycling6010003
1033:S. Forrest Blau (1997).
707:Frank–Starling mechanism
2419:Lysiosquillina maculata
787:Jørgensen, Lis Lindal.
685:open circulatory system
545:capacity in changes of
2825:Commercial crustaceans
2249:Ovalipes australiensis
2075:Scyllarides herklotsii
2047:Panulirus penicillatus
1936:Japanese spiny lobster
1799:Cryphiops caementarius
1627:on the red king crab,
1511:Hill, Richard (2012).
982:10.1093/icesjms/fsq192
880:. Animal Diversity Web
245:
234:
2431:Oratosquilla oratoria
1816:Litopenaeus setiferus
1117:(29 September 2003).
1008:SeafoodfromNorway.com
468:Enteroctopus dofleini
464:giant Pacific octopus
340:Microstomus pacificus
240:
230:
148:P. camtschaticus
16:Species of crustacean
2461:Tasmanian giant crab
2216:Hypothalassia acerba
2102:Tristan rock lobster
2061:Parribacus japonicus
2054:Panulirus versicolor
2040:Panulirus pascuensis
1875:Xiphopenaeus kroyeri
1716:at Wikimedia Commons
1549:Invertebrate Zoology
606:improve this article
2343:Procambarus clarkii
2282:Scylla paramamosain
2204:Gecarcinus ruricola
2176:Chinese mitten crab
2170:Chaceon quinquedens
2128:Callinectes similis
2121:Callinectes sapidus
2005:Panulirus echinatus
1977:Nephrops norvegicus
1911:Arctides guineensis
1645:2009ECSS...82..390D
1547:Lutz, Paul (1985).
1461:2013PLoSO...860959L
1443:Chionoecetes bairdi
1441:) and tanner crab (
1201:Mail & Guardian
1050:"Alaska King Crabs"
805:on 23 October 2013.
345:arrowtooth flounder
275:Kamchatka Peninsula
2820:Edible crustaceans
2350:Orconectes virilis
2261:Portunus pelagicus
2198:Florida stone crab
2188:Declawing of crabs
2026:Panulirus longipes
2012:Panulirus guttatus
1844:Penaeus esculentus
1764:Edible crustaceans
1253:. 28 January 2022.
1014:on 8 February 2012
751:Crustaceans portal
470:, formerly called
246:
235:
2802:
2801:
2763:Maja camtschatica
2720:Open Tree of Life
2494:Taxon identifiers
2485:
2484:
2385:Galathea strigosa
2096:Thymops birsteini
2082:Scyllarides latus
2033:Panulirus ornatus
2019:Panulirus homarus
1984:Palinurus elephas
1970:Thenus orientalis
1837:Pandalus borealis
1830:Palaemon serratus
1710:Media related to
1609:978-1-4684-4066-9
1578:A Snail's Odyssey
1558:978-0-201-16830-3
1526:978-0-87893-559-8
1230:Independent.co.uk
859:978-0-7876-5362-0
834:978-1-4398-5542-3
690:pericardial sinus
638:
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197:Alaskan king crab
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2637:
2636:
2624:
2623:
2611:
2610:
2598:
2597:
2585:
2584:
2572:
2571:
2559:
2558:
2549:
2548:
2536:
2535:
2534:
2521:
2520:
2519:
2489:
2488:
2156:Cancer productus
2142:Cancer bellianus
2135:Cancer irroratus
2089:Scyllarus arctus
1998:Panulirus cygnus
1923:Homarus gammarus
1905:American lobster
1758:
1751:
1744:
1735:
1734:
1724:Data related to
1723:
1709:
1694:
1693:
1691:
1663:
1657:
1656:
1620:
1614:
1613:
1595:
1589:
1588:
1586:
1584:
1569:
1563:
1562:
1544:
1531:
1530:
1518:
1508:
1493:
1492:
1482:
1472:
1432:
1426:
1425:
1401:
1395:
1394:
1366:
1360:
1359:
1350:(1–2): 138–147.
1339:
1333:
1332:
1330:
1302:
1296:
1295:
1285:
1261:
1255:
1254:
1241:
1235:
1234:
1221:
1212:
1211:
1209:
1207:
1192:
1181:
1180:
1178:
1177:
1163:
1157:
1156:
1154:
1152:
1140:
1134:
1133:
1131:
1129:
1111:
1105:
1104:
1102:
1100:
1085:
1079:
1078:
1071:
1065:
1064:
1062:
1060:
1045:
1039:
1038:
1030:
1024:
1023:
1021:
1019:
1000:
994:
993:
975:
941:
935:
934:
928:
920:
918:
917:
911:
905:. Archived from
904:
896:
890:
889:
887:
885:
876:Kluce, Michael.
873:
864:
863:
845:
839:
838:
820:
807:
806:
804:
797:
784:
753:
748:
747:
633:
626:
622:
619:
613:
590:
582:
472:Octopus apollyon
413:invasive species
361:Greenland turbot
315:P. camtschaticus
242:P. camtschaticus
168:
45:
44:
31:
19:
18:
2865:
2864:
2860:
2859:
2858:
2856:
2855:
2854:
2845:Fauna of Alaska
2805:
2804:
2803:
2798:
2790:
2785:
2776:
2775:
2770:
2757:
2749:
2744:
2736:
2731:
2723:
2718:
2710:
2705:
2697:
2694:Observation.org
2692:
2684:
2679:
2671:
2666:
2658:
2653:
2645:
2640:
2632:
2627:
2619:
2614:
2606:
2601:
2593:
2588:
2580:
2575:
2567:
2562:
2554:
2552:
2544:
2539:
2530:
2529:
2524:
2515:
2514:
2509:
2496:
2486:
2481:
2472:
2360:
2356:Signal crayfish
2319:Astacus astacus
2299:
2295:Soft-shell crab
2242:Orithyia sinica
2163:Chaceon fenneri
2106:
1991:Panulirus argus
1949:Jasus edwardsii
1893:
1888:
1880:
1869:Whiteleg shrimp
1858:Processa edulis
1851:Penaeus monodon
1792:Crangon crangon
1774:
1765:
1762:
1702:
1697:
1664:
1660:
1621:
1617:
1610:
1596:
1592:
1582:
1580:
1572:Carefoot, Tom.
1570:
1566:
1559:
1545:
1534:
1527:
1509:
1496:
1433:
1429:
1402:
1398:
1367:
1363:
1340:
1336:
1303:
1299:
1262:
1258:
1250:TheGuardian.com
1243:
1242:
1238:
1223:
1222:
1215:
1205:
1203:
1193:
1184:
1175:
1173:
1165:
1164:
1160:
1150:
1148:
1147:. BBC News. BBC
1141:
1137:
1127:
1125:
1112:
1108:
1098:
1096:
1086:
1082:
1073:
1072:
1068:
1058:
1056:
1046:
1042:
1031:
1027:
1017:
1015:
1002:
1001:
997:
973:10.1.1.841.7823
942:
938:
922:
921:
915:
913:
909:
902:
900:"Archived copy"
898:
897:
893:
883:
881:
874:
867:
860:
846:
842:
835:
821:
810:
802:
795:
785:
776:
772:
749:
742:
739:
728:
677:
634:
623:
617:
614:
603:
591:
580:
519:
498:
496:Waste recycling
416:west along the
405:
389:
383:
369:Pacific herring
323:walleye pollock
312:
263:
225:
191:), also called
177:
170:
164:
151:
39:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2863:
2853:
2852:
2847:
2842:
2837:
2832:
2827:
2822:
2817:
2800:
2799:
2797:
2796:
2783:
2767:
2765:
2759:
2758:
2756:
2755:
2742:
2729:
2716:
2703:
2690:
2677:
2664:
2651:
2638:
2625:
2612:
2599:
2586:
2573:
2560:
2550:
2537:
2522:
2506:
2504:
2498:
2497:
2483:
2482:
2477:
2474:
2473:
2471:
2470:
2463:
2458:
2455:Squilla mantis
2451:
2446:
2441:
2434:
2427:
2422:
2415:
2410:
2405:
2400:
2398:Goose barnacle
2395:
2392:Glyptolithodes
2388:
2381:
2376:
2368:
2366:
2362:
2361:
2359:
2358:
2353:
2346:
2339:
2332:
2327:
2322:
2315:
2309:
2307:
2301:
2300:
2298:
2297:
2292:
2289:Scylla serrata
2285:
2278:
2271:
2264:
2257:
2255:Pie crust crab
2252:
2245:
2238:
2231:
2224:
2219:
2212:
2210:Horsehair crab
2207:
2200:
2195:
2193:Dungeness crab
2190:
2185:
2178:
2173:
2166:
2159:
2152:
2149:Cancer pagurus
2145:
2138:
2131:
2124:
2116:
2114:
2108:
2107:
2105:
2104:
2099:
2092:
2085:
2078:
2071:
2064:
2057:
2050:
2043:
2036:
2029:
2022:
2015:
2008:
2001:
1994:
1987:
1980:
1973:
1966:
1959:
1956:Jasus lalandii
1952:
1945:
1938:
1933:
1930:Ibacus peronii
1926:
1919:
1914:
1907:
1901:
1899:
1882:
1881:
1879:
1878:
1871:
1866:
1861:
1854:
1847:
1840:
1833:
1826:
1819:
1812:
1807:
1802:
1795:
1788:
1780:
1778:
1767:
1766:
1761:
1760:
1753:
1746:
1738:
1732:
1731:
1730:at Wikispecies
1717:
1701:
1700:External links
1698:
1696:
1695:
1658:
1639:(3): 390–396.
1615:
1608:
1590:
1564:
1557:
1532:
1525:
1494:
1427:
1416:(3): 433–437.
1396:
1377:(2): 177–178.
1361:
1334:
1313:(3): 169–251.
1297:
1256:
1236:
1233:. 8 July 2006.
1213:
1182:
1158:
1135:
1106:
1080:
1066:
1040:
1025:
995:
936:
891:
865:
858:
840:
833:
808:
773:
771:
768:
767:
766:
761:
755:
754:
738:
735:
726:
723:metalloprotein
697:depolarization
676:
673:
658:scaphognathite
636:
635:
594:
592:
585:
579:
576:
518:
515:
503:hepatopancreas
497:
494:
404:
401:
385:Main article:
382:
379:
374:Enhydra lutris
365:Pacific salmon
337:, Dover sole (
311:
308:
291:Murmansk Fjord
279:Sea of Okhotsk
271:Gulf of Alaska
262:
259:
224:
221:
193:Kamchatka crab
179:
178:
171:
160:
159:
153:
152:
145:
143:
139:
138:
131:
127:
126:
121:
117:
116:
111:
107:
106:
101:
97:
96:
91:
87:
86:
81:
77:
76:
71:
67:
66:
61:
57:
56:
51:
47:
46:
33:
32:
24:
23:
22:Red king crab
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2862:
2851:
2848:
2846:
2843:
2841:
2838:
2836:
2833:
2831:
2828:
2826:
2823:
2821:
2818:
2816:
2813:
2812:
2810:
2793:
2788:
2784:
2779:
2773:
2769:
2768:
2766:
2764:
2760:
2752:
2747:
2743:
2739:
2734:
2730:
2726:
2721:
2717:
2713:
2708:
2704:
2700:
2695:
2691:
2687:
2686:red-king-crab
2682:
2678:
2674:
2669:
2665:
2661:
2656:
2652:
2648:
2643:
2639:
2635:
2630:
2626:
2622:
2617:
2613:
2609:
2604:
2600:
2596:
2591:
2587:
2583:
2578:
2574:
2570:
2565:
2561:
2557:
2551:
2547:
2542:
2538:
2533:
2527:
2523:
2518:
2512:
2508:
2507:
2505:
2503:
2499:
2495:
2490:
2480:
2475:
2469:
2468:
2464:
2462:
2459:
2457:
2456:
2452:
2450:
2449:Squat lobster
2447:
2445:
2444:Red king crab
2442:
2440:
2439:
2435:
2433:
2432:
2428:
2426:
2425:Mantis shrimp
2423:
2421:
2420:
2416:
2414:
2411:
2409:
2406:
2404:
2401:
2399:
2396:
2394:
2393:
2389:
2387:
2386:
2382:
2380:
2377:
2375:
2374:
2370:
2369:
2367:
2363:
2357:
2354:
2352:
2351:
2347:
2345:
2344:
2340:
2338:
2337:
2333:
2331:
2328:
2326:
2323:
2321:
2320:
2316:
2314:
2311:
2310:
2308:
2306:
2302:
2296:
2293:
2291:
2290:
2286:
2284:
2283:
2279:
2277:
2276:
2275:Ranina ranina
2272:
2270:
2269:
2265:
2263:
2262:
2258:
2256:
2253:
2251:
2250:
2246:
2244:
2243:
2239:
2237:
2236:
2235:Menippe adina
2232:
2230:
2229:
2228:Maja squinado
2225:
2223:
2220:
2218:
2217:
2213:
2211:
2208:
2206:
2205:
2201:
2199:
2196:
2194:
2191:
2189:
2186:
2184:
2183:
2179:
2177:
2174:
2172:
2171:
2167:
2165:
2164:
2160:
2158:
2157:
2153:
2151:
2150:
2146:
2144:
2143:
2139:
2137:
2136:
2132:
2130:
2129:
2125:
2123:
2122:
2118:
2117:
2115:
2113:
2109:
2103:
2100:
2098:
2097:
2093:
2091:
2090:
2086:
2084:
2083:
2079:
2077:
2076:
2072:
2070:
2069:
2065:
2063:
2062:
2058:
2056:
2055:
2051:
2049:
2048:
2044:
2042:
2041:
2037:
2035:
2034:
2030:
2028:
2027:
2023:
2021:
2020:
2016:
2014:
2013:
2009:
2007:
2006:
2002:
2000:
1999:
1995:
1993:
1992:
1988:
1986:
1985:
1981:
1979:
1978:
1974:
1972:
1971:
1967:
1965:
1964:
1960:
1958:
1957:
1953:
1951:
1950:
1946:
1944:
1943:
1939:
1937:
1934:
1932:
1931:
1927:
1925:
1924:
1920:
1918:
1915:
1913:
1912:
1908:
1906:
1903:
1902:
1900:
1897:
1892:
1887:
1883:
1877:
1876:
1872:
1870:
1867:
1865:
1862:
1860:
1859:
1855:
1853:
1852:
1848:
1846:
1845:
1841:
1839:
1838:
1834:
1832:
1831:
1827:
1825:
1824:
1820:
1818:
1817:
1813:
1811:
1808:
1806:
1803:
1801:
1800:
1796:
1794:
1793:
1789:
1787:
1786:
1782:
1781:
1779:
1777:
1772:
1768:
1759:
1754:
1752:
1747:
1745:
1740:
1739:
1736:
1729:
1728:
1722:
1718:
1715:
1714:
1708:
1704:
1703:
1690:
1685:
1681:
1677:
1673:
1671:
1662:
1654:
1650:
1646:
1642:
1638:
1634:
1630:
1626:
1619:
1611:
1605:
1601:
1594:
1579:
1575:
1568:
1560:
1554:
1550:
1543:
1541:
1539:
1537:
1528:
1522:
1517:
1516:
1507:
1505:
1503:
1501:
1499:
1490:
1486:
1481:
1476:
1471:
1466:
1462:
1458:
1455:(4): e60959.
1454:
1450:
1446:
1444:
1440:
1431:
1423:
1419:
1415:
1411:
1407:
1400:
1392:
1388:
1384:
1380:
1376:
1372:
1365:
1357:
1353:
1349:
1345:
1338:
1329:
1324:
1320:
1316:
1312:
1308:
1301:
1293:
1289:
1284:
1279:
1275:
1271:
1267:
1260:
1252:
1251:
1246:
1240:
1232:
1231:
1226:
1220:
1218:
1202:
1198:
1191:
1189:
1187:
1172:
1168:
1162:
1146:
1139:
1124:
1120:
1116:
1110:
1095:
1091:
1084:
1076:
1070:
1055:
1051:
1044:
1036:
1029:
1013:
1009:
1005:
999:
991:
987:
983:
979:
974:
969:
965:
961:
957:
953:
952:
947:
940:
932:
926:
912:on 2016-08-10
908:
901:
895:
879:
872:
870:
861:
855:
851:
844:
836:
830:
826:
819:
817:
815:
813:
801:
794:
792:
783:
781:
779:
774:
765:
762:
760:
757:
756:
752:
746:
741:
734:
732:
724:
720:
716:
711:
708:
703:
698:
693:
691:
686:
682:
672:
670:
666:
661:
659:
655:
651:
647:
643:
632:
629:
621:
618:November 2023
611:
607:
601:
600:
595:This section
593:
589:
584:
583:
575:
572:
567:
565:
561:
557:
553:
548:
544:
539:
535:
533:
529:
525:
514:
512:
511:hyaluronidase
508:
504:
493:
490:
488:
484:
479:
477:
473:
469:
465:
461:
457:
453:
448:
446:
442:
438:
434:
430:
425:
423:
419:
414:
409:
400:
396:
394:
388:
378:
377:) and seals.
376:
375:
370:
366:
362:
358:
354:
350:
349:Elasmobranchs
346:
342:
341:
336:
332:
331:flathead sole
328:
324:
320:
316:
307:
304:
298:
296:
292:
288:
284:
280:
277:, and in the
276:
272:
269:south to the
268:
258:
256:
251:
243:
239:
233:
229:
220:
218:
214:
210:
206:
202:
198:
194:
190:
186:
185:red king crab
175:
169:
167:
161:
158:
157:Binomial name
154:
150:
149:
144:
141:
140:
137:
136:
132:
129:
128:
125:
122:
119:
118:
115:
112:
109:
108:
105:
102:
99:
98:
95:
92:
89:
88:
85:
82:
79:
78:
75:
72:
69:
68:
65:
62:
59:
58:
55:
52:
49:
48:
43:
38:
34:
30:
25:
20:
2762:
2501:
2465:
2453:
2443:
2436:
2429:
2417:
2390:
2383:
2379:Coconut crab
2371:
2348:
2341:
2336:Paranephrops
2334:
2317:
2287:
2280:
2273:
2266:
2259:
2247:
2240:
2233:
2226:
2214:
2202:
2182:Chionoecetes
2180:
2168:
2161:
2154:
2147:
2140:
2133:
2126:
2119:
2094:
2087:
2080:
2073:
2066:
2059:
2052:
2045:
2038:
2031:
2024:
2017:
2010:
2003:
1996:
1989:
1982:
1975:
1968:
1961:
1954:
1947:
1940:
1928:
1921:
1909:
1873:
1864:Shrimp paste
1856:
1849:
1842:
1835:
1828:
1821:
1814:
1810:Indian prawn
1805:Dried shrimp
1797:
1790:
1783:
1726:
1712:
1679:
1675:
1669:
1661:
1636:
1632:
1628:
1625:Ischyrocerus
1624:
1618:
1599:
1593:
1581:. Retrieved
1577:
1567:
1548:
1514:
1452:
1448:
1442:
1438:
1430:
1413:
1409:
1405:
1399:
1374:
1370:
1364:
1347:
1343:
1337:
1310:
1306:
1300:
1273:
1269:
1259:
1248:
1239:
1228:
1204:. Retrieved
1174:. Retrieved
1170:
1161:
1149:. Retrieved
1138:
1126:. Retrieved
1109:
1097:. Retrieved
1083:
1069:
1057:. Retrieved
1043:
1028:
1016:. Retrieved
1012:the original
1007:
998:
966:): 479–488.
955:
949:
945:
939:
914:. Retrieved
907:the original
894:
882:. Retrieved
849:
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665:vascularized
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604:Please help
599:verification
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560:hyperosmotic
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509:, protease,
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393:Norton Sound
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287:Soviet Union
283:Sea of Japan
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261:Distribution
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135:Paralithodes
134:
110:Infraorder:
84:Malacostraca
2733:SeaLifeBase
2642:NatureServe
2590:iNaturalist
2526:Wikispecies
2068:Sagmariasus
1583:October 14,
1206:20 February
1128:20 February
1115:Kirby, Alex
1099:20 February
1059:20 February
1018:20 February
884:October 16,
675:Circulation
578:Respiration
556:exoskeleton
532:thermocline
507:collagenase
476:Honningsvåg
319:Pacific cod
295:Barents Sea
223:Description
213:Barents Sea
104:Pleocyemata
2815:King crabs
2809:Categories
2778:Q109655297
2467:Thalassina
2413:Langostino
2222:Jonah crab
1176:2022-10-15
1151:20 October
916:2016-06-16
770:References
731:oxygenated
719:hemocyanin
715:leukocytes
669:hemocyanin
543:adaptation
517:Physiology
429:North Cape
371:, otters (
273:, off the
267:Bering Sea
209:introduced
124:Lithodidae
100:Suborder:
74:Arthropoda
2403:King crab
1682:: 66–73.
1328:1773/4220
1292:2313-4321
1270:Recycling
990:1095-9289
968:CiteSeerX
654:metabolic
650:permeable
564:hemolymph
552:hemolymph
458:south of
418:Norwegian
403:In Europe
381:Fisheries
327:rock sole
289:into the
217:fisheries
205:king crab
142:Species:
60:Kingdom:
54:Eukaryota
2772:Wikidata
2647:2.835445
2608:10239875
2553:BioLib:
2511:Wikidata
2479:Category
2305:Crayfish
1886:Lobsters
1489:23593357
1449:PLOS ONE
1391:42370491
1276:(1): 3.
1171:NBC News
1123:BBC News
1094:BBC News
925:cite web
737:See also
642:carapace
547:salinity
452:Skogsvåg
422:Svalbard
335:rex sole
255:burgundy
250:carapace
174:Tilesius
120:Family:
94:Decapoda
70:Phylum:
64:Animalia
50:Domain:
2792:6457724
2582:2224359
2517:Q721171
1891:slipper
1889:(incl.
1641:Bibcode
1480:3617201
1457:Bibcode
683:has an
483:capelin
445:Lofoten
357:sculpin
353:halibut
310:Ecology
211:to the
201:species
199:, is a
176:, 1815)
130:Genus:
114:Anomura
90:Order:
80:Class:
2751:233889
2725:131917
2712:233889
2699:595784
2595:123807
2365:Others
2330:Cherax
2325:Marron
2313:Acocil
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1785:Acetes
1776:prawns
1771:Shrimp
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702:neuron
646:thorax
460:Bergen
441:Tromsø
437:Sørøya
431:. The
2746:WoRMS
2738:26511
2634:97935
2621:71549
2603:IRMNG
2569:25186
2556:32976
2408:Krill
2112:Crabs
1942:Jasus
1896:spiny
1387:S2CID
958:(3).
910:(PDF)
903:(PDF)
803:(PDF)
796:(PDF)
528:spawn
456:Sotra
2787:GBIF
2707:OBIS
2681:NOAA
2673:6741
2668:NCBI
2629:ITIS
2577:GBIF
2564:BOLD
1604:ISBN
1585:2013
1553:ISBN
1521:ISBN
1485:PMID
1288:ISSN
1208:2010
1153:2020
1130:2010
1101:2010
1061:2010
1020:2010
986:ISSN
931:link
886:2013
854:ISBN
829:ISBN
526:and
524:molt
303:zoea
281:and
183:The
2655:NBN
2616:ISC
2541:ADW
1684:doi
1649:doi
1475:PMC
1465:doi
1418:doi
1414:103
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1379:doi
1352:doi
1348:393
1323:hdl
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