72:
56:
40:
1232:
971:
284:
will always be available for use on demand. Some reference-only books are too valuable to permit borrowers to take them out. Reference-only items may be shelved in a reference collection located separately from circulating items. Some libraries consist entirely, or to a large extent, of books which may not be borrowed.
283:
is one that may only be used in the library and may not be borrowed from the library. Many such books are reference works (in the first sense), which are, usually, used briefly or photocopied from, and therefore, do not need to be borrowed. Keeping reference books in the library assures that they
123:
are a common navigation feature in many types of reference works. Many reference works are put together by a team of contributors whose work is coordinated by one or more editors, rather than by an individual author. Updated
116:
to for particular pieces of information, rather than read beginning to end. The writing style used in these works is informative; the authors avoid opinions and the use of the first person, and emphasize facts.
500:
that is stored electronically, which is usually found on a computer, including information that is available on the
Internet. Libraries offer numerous types of electronic resources including
606:
596:
456:
1128:
1003:
765:
323:– a systematic list of books and other works such as journal articles on a given subject or which satisfy particular criteria
1209:
1143:
447:– a collection of ready-made phrases, arranged systematically, usually for a foreign language together with a translation
884:
848:
829:
806:
739:
720:
697:
675:
930:
1068:
975:
30:
This article is about a kind of publication. For the work that librarians perform at a library reference desk, see
399:– a compendium providing summaries of knowledge either from all branches or from a particular field or discipline
305:– an annual publication, listing a set of current, general or specific information about one or multiple subjects
17:
80:, 15th edition: volumes of the Propedia (green), Micropedia (red), Macropedia (black), and 2-volume Index (blue)
364:– a list of words from one or more languages, systematically arranged and giving meanings, etymologies etc.
228:
1219:
1133:
93:
411:– an alphabetical list of terms in a particular domain of knowledge with the definitions for those terms
996:
858:
299:– a published summary of articles, theses, reviews, conference proceedings etc. arranged systematically
76:
46:
1254:
900:
685:
517:
355:
176:
62:
1173:
1108:
1103:
1083:
326:
164:
1214:
1178:
1148:
1113:
513:
134:
1183:
1118:
1098:
1088:
989:
944:
Walford's Guide to
Reference Material, Volume 2: Generalia, Language and Literature, The Arts
896:
105:
101:
405:– a geographical dictionary or directory used to provide systematic access to a map or atlas
1188:
1078:
841:
New
Walford Guide to Reference Resources, Volume 3: Arts, Humanities, and General Reference
525:
816:
Lester, Ray; Clinch, Peter; Dawson, Heather; Edwards, Helen; Tarrant, Susan, eds. (2007).
459:– an index used to identify musical compositions through the citation of the opening notes
8:
1093:
384:
272:
260:
216:
188:
632:
71:
1235:
1163:
1158:
1153:
1138:
1073:
875:
818:
795:
709:
545:
509:
420:
379:
296:
240:
184:
129:
120:
571:
112:. The information is intended to be found quickly when needed. Such works are usually
1231:
1193:
942:
926:
919:
880:
844:
825:
802:
797:
New
Walford Guide to Reference Resources, Volume 1: Science, Technology, and Medicine
781:
761:
735:
716:
693:
671:
670:. Handbooks on Library Practice (2nd revised ed.). London: Library Association.
140:
711:
Introduction to
Reference Work, Volume 2: Reference Services and Reference Processes
1123:
892:
870:
493:
373:
1168:
172:
477:– a published list of schedules giving times for transportation or other events
450:
320:
239:. Many reference works are available in electronic form and can be obtained as
220:
125:
31:
1248:
601:
438:
396:
389:
367:
358:– an alphabetical list of the principal words used in a book or body of work
1012:
732:
You Could Look It Up: The
Reference Shelf From Ancient Babylon to Knowledge
196:
160:
1044:
444:
432:
200:
192:
109:
89:
55:
311:– concise historical record in which events are arranged chronologically
51:, the best-known traditional reference book in German-speaking countries
39:
1060:
1029:
921:
Walford's Guide to
Reference Material, Volume 1: Science and Technology
785:
471:– a reference work for finding synonyms and sometimes antonyms of words
361:
352:– a concise collection of information pertaining to a body of knowledge
349:
343:
224:
180:
168:
441:– a handbook providing instructions in the use of a particular product
1049:
474:
468:
402:
376:– a systematically arranged list of names, addresses, products, etc.
339:
333:
256:
232:
204:
690:
Introduction to
Reference Work, Volume 1: Basic Information Services
1034:
820:
New
Walford Guide to Reference Resources, Volume 2: Social Sciences
480:
462:
414:
408:
263:, is both the largest and the most-read reference work in history.
252:
236:
212:
208:
148:
895:
for first two editions beginning in 1902. Subsequently, edited by
1039:
521:
426:
302:
280:
152:
346:– a historical account of events arranged in chronological order
329:– an encyclopedic dictionary limited to biographical information
981:
970:
505:
501:
423:– a publication giving systematic access to a body of knowledge
308:
244:
417:– a small or portable book intended to provide ready reference
317:– a collection of maps traditionally been bound into book form
314:
156:
483:– a compendium containing events relating to a specific year
911:(in German) (6th ed.). Frankfurt am Main: Klostermann.
597:"Knowledge is 20, and its reputation has never been higher"
497:
292:
These are the main types and categories of reference work:
97:
778:
Books of
Reference for School Libraries: An Annotated List
453:– a printed book or table containing pre-calculated values
815:
465:– a reference work containing information about a subject
248:
429:– a synonym for a dictionary or encyclopaedic dictionary
879:(9th ed.). Chicago: American Library Association.
336:
satisfying particular criteria, arranged systematically
27:
Publication to which one can refer for confirmed facts
637:
Online Dictionary for Library and Information Science
576:
Online Dictionary for Library and Information Science
941:
918:
817:
794:
760:. Santa Barbara, California: Libraries Unlimited.
708:
370:– a summary of information on a particular subject
906:
1246:
909:Handbuch der bibliographischen Nachschlagewerke
128:are usually published as needed, in some cases
952:
997:
955:Walford's Concise Guide to Reference Material
939:
925:(4th ed.). London: Library Association.
780:(2nd ed.). London: Library Association.
948:(4th ed.). London: Library Association.
940:Walford, A. J.; Taylor, L. J., eds. (1987).
749:
60:
44:
907:Totok, Wilhelm; Weitzel, Rolf (1984–1985).
626:
624:
435:– a published enumeration of a set of items
1004:
990:
756:Chenoweth, Juneal M., ed. (24 June 2019).
287:
755:
621:
70:
54:
38:
916:
857:
715:(8th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill.
692:(8th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill.
665:
487:
14:
1247:
869:
863:Les sources du travail bibliographique
838:
792:
985:
801:. New York: Neal-Schuman Publishers.
775:
772:Published annually beginning in 1970.
729:
630:
609:from the original on 31 December 2022
569:
332:Books of Quotations – collections of
865:(in French). Geneva: Librairie Droz.
706:
684:
1210:International scientific vocabulary
959:(an abridgement of Walford's Guide)
67:, a specialised German encyclopedia
24:
654:
631:Reitz, Joan M. (10 January 2013).
570:Reitz, Joan M. (10 January 2013).
25:
1266:
963:
266:
1230:
1011:
969:
899:(3rd through 6th editions) and
758:American Reference Books Annual
1129:Language-for-specific-purposes
957:. London: Library Association.
734:. New York: Bloomsbury Press.
589:
563:
538:
271:In contrast to books that are
108:), to which one can refer for
13:
1:
531:
953:Walford, A. J., ed. (1981).
917:Walford, A. J., ed. (1980).
843:. London: Facet Publishing.
824:. London: Facet Publishing.
666:Higgens, Gavin, ed. (1984).
492:An electronic resource is a
279:or reference-only book in a
7:
1220:List of online dictionaries
10:
1271:
668:Printed Reference Material
659:
550:Merriam-Webster Dictionary
518:institutional repositories
29:
1228:
1202:
1058:
1019:
839:Lester, Ray, ed. (2015).
793:Lester, Ray, ed. (2005).
750:Guides to reference works
707:Katz, William A. (2001).
913:First published in 1954.
901:Constance Mabel Winchell
876:Guide to Reference Books
251:, or online through the
147:Reference works include
63:Lexikon des Mittelalters
903:(7th and 8th editions).
891:Originally compiled by
514:bibliographic databases
327:Biographical dictionary
288:Types of reference work
77:Encyclopædia Britannica
1215:List of lexicographers
859:Malclès, Louise Noëlle
183:, directories such as
106:electronic equivalents
81:
68:
61:
52:
47:Brockhaus Enzyklopädie
45:
1144:Monolingual learner's
897:Isadore Gilbert Mudge
776:Heeks, Peggy (1968).
633:"Electronic resource"
526:software applications
217:bibliographic indices
189:telephone directories
74:
58:
42:
978:at Wikimedia Commons
730:Lynch, Jack (2016).
488:Electronic resources
185:business directories
165:biographical sources
1184:Spelling dictionary
1094:Defining vocabulary
510:electronic journals
385:Telephone directory
297:Abstracting journal
261:online encyclopedia
135:Whitaker's Almanack
1236:Linguistics portal
1069:Advanced learner's
605:. 9 January 2021.
457:Thematic catalogue
380:Business directory
241:reference software
215:, indices such as
175:and art catalogs,
82:
69:
53:
1242:
1241:
974:Media related to
871:Sheehy, Eugene P.
767:978-1-4408-6913-6
16:(Redirected from
1262:
1234:
1134:Machine-readable
1006:
999:
992:
983:
982:
973:
958:
949:
947:
936:
924:
912:
893:Alice B. Kroeger
890:
866:
854:
835:
823:
812:
800:
789:
771:
745:
726:
714:
703:
686:Katz, William A.
681:
648:
647:
645:
643:
628:
619:
618:
616:
614:
593:
587:
586:
584:
582:
572:"Reference book"
567:
561:
560:
558:
556:
542:
506:electronic books
502:electronic texts
494:computer program
221:citation indices
173:library catalogs
92:work, such as a
66:
50:
21:
1270:
1269:
1265:
1264:
1263:
1261:
1260:
1259:
1255:Reference works
1245:
1244:
1243:
1238:
1224:
1198:
1054:
1022:reference works
1015:
1010:
976:Reference works
966:
933:
887:
851:
832:
809:
768:
752:
742:
723:
700:
678:
662:
657:
655:Further reading
652:
651:
641:
639:
629:
622:
612:
610:
595:
594:
590:
580:
578:
568:
564:
554:
552:
544:
543:
539:
534:
490:
290:
269:
229:research guides
35:
28:
23:
22:
18:Reference works
15:
12:
11:
5:
1268:
1258:
1257:
1240:
1239:
1229:
1226:
1225:
1223:
1222:
1217:
1212:
1206:
1204:
1200:
1199:
1197:
1196:
1191:
1186:
1181:
1176:
1171:
1166:
1161:
1156:
1151:
1146:
1141:
1136:
1131:
1126:
1121:
1116:
1111:
1106:
1101:
1096:
1091:
1086:
1081:
1076:
1071:
1065:
1063:
1056:
1055:
1053:
1052:
1047:
1042:
1037:
1032:
1026:
1024:
1017:
1016:
1009:
1008:
1001:
994:
986:
980:
979:
965:
964:External links
962:
961:
960:
950:
937:
931:
914:
904:
886:978-0838902059
885:
867:
855:
850:978-1856044998
849:
836:
831:978-1856044981
830:
813:
808:978-1856044950
807:
790:
773:
766:
751:
748:
747:
746:
741:978-0802777522
740:
727:
722:978-0072441437
721:
704:
699:978-0072441079
698:
682:
677:978-0853659952
676:
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588:
562:
536:
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489:
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454:
451:Ready reckoner
448:
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371:
365:
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312:
306:
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289:
286:
277:reference book
268:
267:Reference book
265:
161:bibliographies
86:reference work
32:Reference desk
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1267:
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1117:
1115:
1112:
1110:
1107:
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1097:
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1087:
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987:
984:
977:
972:
968:
967:
956:
951:
946:
945:
938:
934:
932:9780853656111
928:
923:
922:
915:
910:
905:
902:
898:
894:
888:
882:
878:
877:
872:
868:
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856:
852:
846:
842:
837:
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827:
822:
821:
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804:
799:
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791:
787:
783:
779:
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769:
763:
759:
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743:
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733:
728:
724:
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713:
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705:
701:
695:
691:
687:
683:
679:
673:
669:
664:
663:
638:
634:
627:
625:
608:
604:
603:
602:The Economist
598:
592:
577:
573:
566:
551:
547:
541:
537:
529:
527:
523:
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515:
511:
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482:
479:
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455:
452:
449:
446:
443:
440:
437:
434:
431:
428:
425:
422:
419:
416:
413:
410:
407:
404:
401:
398:
397:Encyclopaedia
395:
391:
390:Web directory
388:
386:
383:
381:
378:
377:
375:
372:
369:
366:
363:
360:
357:
354:
351:
348:
345:
341:
338:
335:
331:
328:
325:
322:
319:
316:
313:
310:
307:
304:
301:
298:
295:
294:
293:
285:
282:
278:
274:
264:
262:
258:
254:
250:
246:
242:
238:
234:
230:
226:
222:
218:
214:
210:
206:
202:
201:filmographies
198:
197:encyclopedias
194:
193:discographies
190:
186:
182:
178:
174:
170:
166:
162:
158:
154:
150:
145:
143:
142:
137:
136:
131:
127:
122:
118:
115:
111:
107:
103:
99:
95:
91:
87:
79:
78:
73:
65:
64:
57:
49:
48:
41:
37:
33:
19:
1174:Single-field
1109:Etymological
1104:Encyclopedic
1084:Biographical
1061:dictionaries
1021:
1013:Lexicography
954:
943:
920:
908:
874:
862:
840:
819:
796:
777:
757:
731:
710:
689:
667:
640:. Retrieved
636:
611:. Retrieved
600:
591:
579:. Retrieved
575:
565:
553:. Retrieved
549:
540:
491:
321:Bibliography
291:
276:
270:
181:dictionaries
177:concordances
146:
139:
133:
119:
113:
85:
83:
75:
36:
1179:Specialized
1149:Multi-field
1114:Explanatory
1045:Phrase book
642:29 November
581:29 November
555:29 November
546:"Reference"
445:Phrase book
356:Concordance
233:thesauruses
110:information
90:non-fiction
1119:Historical
1099:Electronic
1089:Conceptual
1030:Dictionary
786:B0006C36OO
532:References
362:Dictionary
350:Compendium
344:Chronology
334:quotations
209:glossaries
205:gazetteers
104:(or their
102:periodical
1189:Sub-field
1079:Bilingual
1059:Types of
1050:Thesaurus
1020:Types of
475:Timetable
469:Thesaurus
403:Gazetteer
374:Directory
340:Chronicle
257:Knowledge
237:yearbooks
213:handbooks
149:textbooks
141:Who's Who
1249:Category
1035:Glossary
873:(1976).
861:(1950).
688:(2001).
607:Archived
522:websites
504:such as
481:Yearbook
463:Textbook
415:Handbook
409:Glossary
253:Internet
171:such as
169:catalogs
153:almanacs
130:annually
126:editions
114:referred
1164:Rhyming
1159:Reverse
1154:Picture
1139:Medical
1074:Anagram
1040:Lexicon
660:General
427:Lexicon
303:Almanac
281:library
245:CD-ROMs
225:manuals
157:atlases
121:Indices
1194:Visual
929:
883:
847:
828:
805:
784:
764:
738:
719:
696:
674:
613:31 May
524:, and
439:Manual
368:Digest
309:Annals
273:loaned
235:, and
1203:Other
1124:Idiom
421:Index
315:Atlas
259:, an
94:paper
88:is a
1169:Rime
927:ISBN
881:ISBN
845:ISBN
826:ISBN
803:ISBN
782:ASIN
762:ISBN
736:ISBN
717:ISBN
694:ISBN
672:ISBN
644:2019
615:2021
583:2019
557:2019
508:and
498:data
433:List
275:, a
249:DVDs
219:and
187:and
98:book
59:The
43:The
496:or
144:).
100:or
1251::
635:.
623:^
599:.
574:.
548:.
528:.
520:,
516:,
512:,
255:.
247:,
243:,
231:,
227:,
223:,
211:,
207:,
203:,
199:,
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96:,
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935:.
889:.
853:.
834:.
811:.
788:.
770:.
744:.
725:.
702:.
680:.
646:.
617:.
585:.
559:.
342:/
132:(
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
