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emissions from deforestation during a committed period of time would receive financial compensation for the carbon dioxide emissions that they avoided. To raise the payments, the host country would issue government bonds or negotiate some kind of loan with a financial institution that would want to take part in the compensation promised to the other country. The funds received by the country could be invested to help find alternatives to the extensive cutdown of forests. This whole process of cutting emissions would be voluntary, but once the country has agreed to lower their emissions they would be obligated to reduce their emissions. However, if a country was not able to meet their obligation, their target would get added to their next commitment period. The authors of these proposals see this as a solely government-to-government agreement; private entities would not participate in the compensation trades.
1635:. Reforestation, in essence, involves replenishing forests to guarantee a consistent and sustainable supply of timber and various other forest resources. This objective can be accomplished through either natural regeneration techniques or artificial regeneration methods. Both of these approaches have been utilized in the reforestation efforts within Nigeria's forests. At the initiation of the reforestation program in Nigeria, the natural regeneration approach was chosen for two primary reasons. Firstly, it aimed to preserve the rainforest in its original state by allowing it to regenerate naturally from the existing seed bank in the soil. Secondly, and of significant importance, this method was selected due to budgetary constraints, as there were insufficient funds available to establish plantations through direct means.
45:
375:. Furthermore, the probability that legacy carbon will be released from soil is higher in younger boreal forest. Global greenhouse gas emissions caused by damage to tropical rainforests may have been substantially underestimated until around 2019. Additionally, the effects of afforestation and reforestation will be farther in the future than keeping existing forests intact. It takes much longer − several decades − for the benefits for global warming to manifest to the same carbon sequestration benefits from mature trees in tropical forests and hence from limiting deforestation. Therefore, scientists consider "the protection and recovery of carbon-rich and long-lived ecosystems, especially natural forests" to be "the major climate
1431:(USDA) data shows that forest occupied about 46% of total U.S. land in 1630 (when European settlers began to arrive in large numbers), but had decreased to 34% by 1910. After 1910, forest area has remained almost constant although the U.S. population has increased substantially. In the late 19th century, the USFS was established in part to address the concern of natural disasters due to deforestation, and new reforestation programs and federal laws such as the Knutson-Vandenberg Act (1930) were implemented. The USFS states that human-directed reforestation is required to support natural regeneration and the agency engages in ongoing research into effective ways to restore forests.
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952:. In addition to this and individual efforts, there are startup companies, such as Afforest, that are being created over the country working on reforestation. Lots of plantation are being carried out in the Indian continent but the survivability is very poor especially for massive plantations, with less than 20% survivability rate. To improve the forest cover and to achieve the national mission of forest cover of 33%, there is a need to improve the methods of plantation. Rather than mass planting, there is a need to work on performance measurement & tracking of trees growth. Taking this into consideration, a non-profit organization
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750:, much of the stored carbon in a reforested area could make its way back to the atmosphere. Furthermore, the probability that legacy carbon will be released from soil is higher in younger boreal forests. An example of this can be seen in the peatlands in Central Africa, which house an abundance of carbon in the mud called peat. Much like the forest fire or insect outbreak which can harm tropical rainforests, money can also be seen an incentive to harm forests and be paid off to protect it. The global greenhouse gas emissions caused by damage to tropical rainforests may be underestimated by a factor of six.
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859:. The program provided for alternative employment opportunities for former logging industry workers, including hiring them for reforestation work. The Returning Farmland to Forest program paid farmers to plant trees on less productive farmland and provided them with a yearly subsidy for lost income. In 2015 China announced a plan to plant 26 billion trees by the year 2025; that is, two trees for every Chinese citizen per year.
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1540:, including compensation for landowners. One of the main programs established in Costa Rica was the Forest Promotion Certificate in 1979 and is funded by international donations and nationwide taxes. The initiative is helping to protect the forests in the country, and is now helped pass both the Forest Law in 1986 and FONAFIFO in 1990 which insures the continuity of the conservation programs.
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is equal to a tenth of the global land area und thus deemed unrealistic without a significant encroachment on non-forest areas. Experts are calling for a better integration of social data, such as the dependence of livelihoods on specific land uses, into restoration efforts. Possible solutions include the integration of other land uses into forests through
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successfully sowed fir and pine seeds in the
Nuremberg Reichswald, which over time ended the wood shortage and established the "triumph of the pine in the Nuremberg Reichswald" (at the expense of other deciduous trees). The "doctrine of coniferous sowing" spread widely through forestry regulations and other writing at the time.
1245:, is beginning in South Yorkshire. It aims to plant 50 million trees. Despite this, the UK government has been criticized for not achieving its tree planting goals. There have also been concerns of non-native tree planting disturbing the ecological integrity and processes of what would be a native habitat restoration.
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Natural
Resources Canada (The Department of Natural Resources) states that the national forest cover was decreased by 0.34% from 1990 to 2015, and Canada has the lowest deforestation rate in the world. The forest industry is one of the main industries in Canada, which contributes about 7% of Canadian
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In 2011, the
Philippines established the National Greening Program as a priority program to help reduce poverty, promote food security, environmental stability, and biodiversity conservation, as well as enhance climate change mitigation and adaptation in the country. The program paved the way for the
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identifies 2 billion hectares for potential forest restoration and is criticized for including 900 million hectares of grasslands. An assessment of the pledges of governments for reforestation found that the sum of global pledges translates to a required land area of 1.2bn hectares, until 2060, which
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and thus help with climate change mitigation. First, by increasing the volume of existing forest. Second, by increasing the carbon density of existing forests at a stand and landscape scale. Third, by expanding the use of forest products that will sustainably replace fossil-fuel emissions. Fourth, by
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Since the first forest code of 1937, the official government definition of 'forest' has varied. According to the current definition, 21 million hectares are forested, an increase of about 1 million hectares over the past thirty years, but only about half is 'productive'. However, according
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The
Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fishery explain that about two-thirds of Japanese land is covered with forests, and it was almost unchanged from 1966 to 2012. Japan needs to reduce 26% of green house gas emission from 2013 by 2030 to accomplish Paris Agreement and is trying to reduce 2% of
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Over 69.3 million hectares of forest were planted across China from 1999 to 2013. This large-scale reforestation contributed to China’s forests sequestering 1.11 ± 0.38 Gt carbon per yr over the period 2010 to 2016. This amounted to about 45 percent of the yearly greenhouse gas emissions during that
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plantations have recently replaced the natural forest. Industrial plantations are actively managed for the commercial production of forest products. Industrial plantations are usually large-scale. Individual blocks are usually even-aged and often consist of just one or two species. These species can
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Reforestation initiatives have expanded in the country since. In Peru, reforestation is essential to preserving the livelihoods of rural communities because much of the population relies on the forest in some way. Deforestation also disproportionally affects indigenous communities in Peru, which is
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due to the lack of alternative economic opportunities. Illegal mining and logging operations are responsible for a great deal of Peru's deforestation and environmental damage. The
Peruvian government has not been able to enforce an environmentally conscious mining formalization plan to protect the
1533:. Costa Rica's extensive system of environmental protection has been encouraging conservation and reforestation of the land by providing grants for environmental services. The system is not just advanced for its time but is also unparalleled in the world. It received great international attention.
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By the 14th century, forests in heavily populated areas had been devastated by industry, many of which required wood for their activities. Peter
Stromer (1310–1388), lord of the Stromer trading and commercial company, was spurred by this shortage to "conduct forest culture experiments". In 1368 he
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through the planting of trees. There has been a 47-million-hectare increase in forest area in China since the 1970s. The total number of trees amounted to be about 35 billion and 4.55% of China's land mass increased in forest coverage. The forest coverage was 12% two decades ago and now is 16.55%.
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where a few branches of new shoots are cut and often used for charcoal, itself a major driver of deforestation. Since new seeds are not planted, it is cheaper. Additionally, they are much more likely to survive as their root systems already exist and can tap into groundwater during harsher seasons
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Banin, Lindsay F.; Raine, Elizabeth H.; Rowland, Lucy M.; Chazdon, Robin L.; Smith, Stuart W.; Rahman, Nur Estya Binte; Butler, Adam; Philipson, Christopher; Applegate, Grahame G.; Axelsson, E. Petter; Budiharta, Sugeng; Chua, Siew Chin; Cutler, Mark E. J.; Elliott, Stephen; Gemita, Elva (January
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Some incentives for reforestation can be as simple as a financial compensation. A compensated reduction of deforestation approach has been proposed which would reward developing countries that disrupt any further act of deforestation: Countries that participate and take the option to reduce their
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Wood production on a tree plantation is generally higher than that of natural forests. While forests managed for wood production commonly yield between 1 and 3 cubic meters per hectare per year, plantations of fast-growing species commonly yield between 20 and 30 cubic meters or more per hectare
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Plantation forests are intensively managed, composed of one or two species, even-aged, planted with regular spacing, and established mainly for productive purposes. Other planted forests, which comprise 55 percent of all planted forests, are not intensively managed, and they may resemble natural
401:. For this carbon sequestration process to succeed the carbon must not return to the atmosphere from biomass burning or rotting when the trees die. To this end, land allotted to the trees must not be converted to other uses. Alternatively, the wood from them must itself be sequestered, e.g., via
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led to severe deforestation. By 1983, only 26% of the country had forest cover. Realizing the devastation, policymakers took a stand. Through a continued environmental focus they were able to turn things around to the point that today forest cover has increased to 52%, two times more than 1983
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The effects reforestation has on biodiversity is not limited to just other forms of vegetation, it can affect all forms of living organisms all contained in the present ecosystem. Due to the major role trees have on ecosystems it is important to better understand components like the ecosystem,
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region. The 1980s were known in Peru as the "lost decade" due to a nationwide internal conflict and severe economic crisis almost destroying the country and resulting in the state losing control over several regions. Many areas in Peru, including Madre de Dios, had no state presence until the
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was exceptionally valuable and was almost eliminated due to lumbering operations. Many ancient cultures along the
Mediterranean Sea harvested these trees including the Phoenicians who used cedar, pine and juniper for boat building, the Romans, who cut them down for lime-burning kilns, and the
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Since 2011 more than 600,000 trees, including cedars and other native species, have been planted throughout
Lebanon as part of the Lebanon Reforestation Initiative, which aims to restore Lebanon's native forests. Projects financed locally and by international charity are performing extensive
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Another emerging revenue source to fund reforestation projects deals with the sale of carbon sequestration credits, which can be sold to companies and individuals looking to compensate their carbon footprint. This approach allows for private landowners and farmers to gain a revenue from the
133:(the conservation of intact forests). Instead of planting entirely new areas, it might be better to reconnect forested areas and restore the edges of forest. This protects their mature core and makes them more resilient and longer-lasting. It takes much longer − several decades − for the
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economy, and about 9% of the forests on Earth are in Canada. Therefore, Canada has many policies and laws to commit to sustainable forest management. For example, 94% of
Canadian forests are public land, and the government obligates planting trees after harvesting to public forests.
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Between 2013 and 2018, China planted 338,000 square kilometres of forests, at a cost of $ 82.88 billion. By 2018, 21.7% of China's territory was covered by forests, a figure the government wants to increase to 26% by 2035. The total area of China is 9,596,961 square kilometres (see
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be exotic or indigenous. The plants used for the plantation are often genetically altered for desired traits such as growth and resistance to pests and diseases in general and specific traits, for example in the case of timber species, volumic wood production and stem straightness.
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Approximately 59% of Peru is covered by forest. A history of political turmoil and the government's inability to enforce environmental regulations has led to the degradation of the forest and environment in Peru. A military coup in 1968 caused a loss of economic mobility in the
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Reforestation is required as part of the federal forest law. 31% of
Germany is forested, according to the second forest inventory of 2001–2003. The size of the forest area in Germany increased between the first and the second forest inventory due to forestation of degenerated
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has become part of the solution to fix the damage caused by deforestation. Agroforestry would affect the agriculture and atmosphere in Thailand in numerous ways. By planting a combination of different tree species, these trees are able to change the microclimatic conditions.
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Ecologi is an organization that offers its members ways to support climate change solutions. This includes offsetting their carbon emissions and tree planting. So far over 50 million trees have been planted through Ecologi, as well a more than 2.2 million tonnes of CO2e
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seeks to rehabilitate landscapes and repair marginal and degraded areas in order to generate productive forest landscapes that are resilient and long-term. It aims to guarantee that diverse ecological and land-use functions are restored, safeguarded, and preserved over
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Additionally the effects of afforestation and reforestation will be farther in the future than those of proforestation (the conservation of intact forests). It takes much longer − several decades − for the benefits for global warming to manifest to the same
462:) in 2015, an increase of about 40 million ha in the previous ten years. Of the planted forests worldwide, 18% of that planted area consists of exotic or introduced species while the rest consist of species native to the country where they are planted.
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Ottomans, who used much of the remaining cedar forests of Lebanon as fuel in steam trains in the early 20th century. Despite two millennia of deforestation, forests in Lebanon still cover 13.6% of the country, and other wooded lands represent 11%.
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Reforesting sometimes results in extensive canopy creation that prevents growth of diverse vegetation in the shadowed areas and generating soil conditions that hamper other types of vegetation. Trees used in some reforesting efforts (for example,
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government initiated a movement to 'conquer and populate the Amazon,' with the hopes of minimizing illegal and informal mining operations that had expanded in the region and were polluting the Amazonian rivers and the destroying of its forests.
110:) in 2015, an increase of about 40 million ha in the previous ten years. Of the planted forests worldwide, 18% of that area consists of exotic or introduced species while the rest consist of species native to the country where they are planted.
1507:, and other protections. It wants to be completely fossil fuel free by 2050. The country has generated all of its electric power from renewable sources for three years as of 2019. It has committed to be carbon-free and plastic-free by 2021.
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Ireland is also driven to increase sustainable timber consumption while also adding more eco friendly work positions. They also have taken efforts to limit the use of methane emissions by signing a pledge to draw back methane use by 30%.
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There are limitations and challenges with reforestation projects, especially if they are in the form of tree plantations. Firstly, there can be competition with other land uses and displacement risk. Secondly, tree plantations are often
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Reforestation can compete with other land uses, such as food production, livestock grazing, and living space, for further economic growth. Reforestation can also divert large amounts of water from other activities. A map created by the
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and loss of woods consequence in loss of soils for plants to grow, thus needing artificial efforts involving introducing of healthy soils from outside. Starting from around 1897, about 50% of once bald mountains are now back to green.
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Some researchers note that instead of planting entirely new areas, reconnecting forested areas and restoring the edges of forest, to protect their mature core and make them more resilient and longer-lasting, should be prioritized.
1703:) is a state based organization, which was established back in 1981 and delivers conservation, revegetation and community training programs. It now has thousands of active supporters and energizes activity within communities.
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Since 1948, large reforestation and afforestation projects were accomplished in Israel. 240 million trees have been planted. The carbon sequestration rate in these forests is similar to the European temperate forests.
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There is often insufficient integration between the different purposes of reforestation, namely economic utilization, enhancement of biodiversity and carbon sequestration. This can lead to a range of different challenges.
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152:" – was launched in 1978 and scheduled to last until 2050. It aims to eventually plant nearly 90 million acres of new forest in a 2,800-mile stretch of northern China. Such programs often blur the boundaries between
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Researchers have found that, in terms of environmental services, it is better to avoid deforestation than to allow for deforestation to subsequently reforest, as the former leads to irreversible effects in terms of
3713:
Schultz, Bill; Brockington, Dan; Coleman, Eric A; Djenontin, Ida; Fischer, Harry W; Fleischman, Forrest; Kashwan, Prakash; Marquardt, Kristina; Pfeifer, Marion; Pritchard, Rose; Ramprasad, Vijay (1 November 2022).
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Walker, Xanthe J.; Baltzer, Jennifer L.; Cumming, Steven G.; Day, Nicola J.; Ebert, Christopher; Goetz, Scott; Johnstone, Jill F.; Potter, Stefano; Rogers, Brendan M.; Schuur, Edward A. G.; Turetsky, Merritt R.;
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Walker, Xanthe J.; Baltzer, Jennifer L.; Cumming, Steven G.; Day, Nicola J.; Ebert, Christopher; Goetz, Scott; Johnstone, Jill F.; Potter, Stefano; Rogers, Brendan M.; Schuur, Edward A. G.; Turetsky, Merritt R.;
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removed by forests is very uncertain.As of 2019, however, a new assessment is being made with the help of satellites and new soil measurements and better information should be available by 2020. According to the
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Israel and only one other country was documented to have a net increase of forestation in the 2000s. This type of progress could be attributed to the social practices that Israel incorporates into their society.
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Seedling survival rate: a common challenge for reforestation is the low survival rate of seedlings. Planted trees often do not mature, for example due to difficult climatic conditions or insufficient care after
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Also the possible harvesting and utilization of wood from reforested areas, limits the permanence of carbon sequestered through reforestation. For example, it was found that nearly half of the pledges under the
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Seed shortage: the Seed to Forest Alliance was founded in 2022 in response to a global seed shortage. It will promote the establishment of national seed banks, while focusing on the tropics and biodiversity
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Alongside past financial incentive strategies, reforestation tax benefits have been another way the government has encouraged companies to promote reforestation tactics through the promises of a tax break.
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in 1999. They became widely implemented in 2000. The Natural Forest Protection Program called for major reductions in timber harvest, forest conservation, and instituted logging bans in most of Sichuan,
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waterways, and species present in areas that are being re-planted. Prior research helps limit the depletion of biodiversity which can hinder medicinal discoveries, and alter gene flow in organisms.
338:, meaning they store large amounts of carbon in the form of biomass, encompassing roots, stems, branches, and leaves. Throughout their lifespan, trees continue to sequester carbon, storing atmospheric CO
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An important consideration in such efforts is that forests can turn from sinks to carbon sources. In 2019 forests took up a third less carbon than they did in the 1990s, due to higher temperatures,
1737:, which is an initiative aiming to plant 1 trillion trees across the globe. The implementation can have big environmental and societal benefits but needs to be tailored to local conditions.
1353:"Atlas of Forest Landscape Restoration Opportunities", 50 million hectares are potential forest land, a similar area to the ancient Anatolian forest mentioned above. This could help limit
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forest similar to agricultural crops would be the result. However, most reforestation involves the planting of different selections of seedlings taken from the area, often of multiple species.
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In the years 2012–2022 China restored more than 70 million hectares (700,000 km) of forests. China committed to plant and conserve 70 billion trees by the year 2030 as part of the
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Payn, Tim; Carnus, Jean-Michel; Freer-Smith, Peter; Kimberley, Mark; Kollert, Walter; Liu, Shirong; Orazio, Christophe; Rodriguez, Luiz; Silva, Luis Neves; Wingfield, Michael J. (2015).
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can yield up to 40 cubic meters per hectare per year. In 2000, while plantations accounted for 5% of global forest, it is estimated that they supplied about 35% of the world's roundwood.
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As for the year 2020, the U.S. planted 2.5 billion trees per year. At the beginning of the year 2020, a bill that will increase the number to 3.3 billion, was proposed by the
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is leading the development of a module of mass tracking for plantations. The pilot has been done successfully and the organization is hoping to implement nationwide by the end of 2021.
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Lefebvre, David; Williams, Adrian G.; Kirk, Guy J. D.; Paul; Burgess, J.; Meersmans, Jeroen; Silman, Miles R.; Román-Dañobeytia, Francisco; Farfan, Jhon; Smith, Pete (7 October 2021).
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478:, plantation forest, timber plantation or tree farm is a forest planted for high volume production of wood, usually by planting one type of tree as a monoculture forest. The term
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on the other hand means establishing new forest on lands that were not forest before (for example, abandoned agriculture). It is the process of restoring and recreating areas of
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China announced two large reforestation programs, the Natural Forest Protection Program and the Returning Farmland to Forest program, in late 1998. The programs were piloted in
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Smith, Pete; Gregory, Peter J.; van Vuuren, Detlef; Obersteiner, Michael; Havlík, Petr; Rounsevell, Mark; Woods, Jeremy; Stehfest, Elke; Bellarby, Jessica (27 September 2010).
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reforestation of cedar being carried out in the Mediterranean region, particularly in Lebanon and Turkey, where over 50 million young cedars are being planted annually.
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Martin, Meredith P.; Woodbury, David J.; Doroski, Danica A.; Nagele, Eliot; Storace, Michael; Cook-Patton, Susan C.; Pasternack, Rachel; Ashton, Mark S. (1 September 2021).
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Policies that promote reforestation for incentives in return have shown promising results of being an effective and motivative concept to re-plant globally on a mass scale.
244:. In such an arrangement, like other crops, trees are planted to replace those that have been cut. The Finnish Forest Act from 1996 obliges the forest to be replanted after
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This article is about natural or intentional restocking of former forests and woodlands. For the establishment of a forest in an area where there was no forest before, see
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In the 1940s, more than 75% of the country was covered in mostly tropical rainforests and other indigenous woodlands. Between the 1940s and 1980s, extensive, uncontrolled
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begun a massive tree planting campaign "Green Legacy" with a target to plant 4 billion trees in one year. In one day only, over 350 million trees were planted.
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Costa Rica's ambitious reforestation initiatives have transformed the landscape, fostering biodiversity, carbon sequestration, and sustainable land management practices.
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6789:"From Protests to Policy: How the Institutionalization of Indigenous Movements Affects Environmental Policy Related to Resource Extraction in Peru, Ecuador and Bolivia"
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1722:. Increasing the forest cover of Earth by 25% will offset the human emissions in the last 20 years. In any case it will be necessary to pull from the atmosphere the CO
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Planting new trees often leads to up to 90% of seedlings failing. However, even in deforested areas, existing root systems often exist. Growth can be accelerated by
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Climate Change 2022: Mitigation of Climate Change. Contribution of Working Group III to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
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Climate Change 2022: Mitigation of Climate Change. Contribution of Working Group III to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
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and restoring forested areas that have been depleted or destroyed. It involves a planned restocking of the forest to ensure sustainable supply of timber and other
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103:, also called plantation forests. They cover about 131 million ha worldwide, which is 3% of the global forest area and 45% of the total area of planted forests.
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3894:"Corrigendum of "A systematic review of the socio-economic impacts of large-scale tree plantations, worldwide" [Glob. Environ. Change 53 (2018) 90–103]"
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The Lebanon Reforestation Initiative has been working with tree nurseries throughout Lebanon since 2012 to grow stronger seedlings with higher survival rates.
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In 2020, the Pakistani government launched an initiative to hire 63,600 laborers to plant trees in the northern Punjab region, with indigenous species such as
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to restore the environment around exhausted mines by refilling excavated pits and planting crops or trees. Many mining companies use these recovered mines for
685:, constituting a large share of low-income countries' populations, and argues for prioritized inclusion of "local communities" in forest restoration projects.
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867:), so 412,669 square kilometres more needs to be planted. According to the government's plan, by 2050, 30% of China's territory should be covered by forests.
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Law No. 558, which was ratified by the Lebanese Parliament on April 19, 1996, aims to protect and expand existing forests, classifying all forests of cedar,
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1017:, as a response to the challenge of global warming. Pakistan's Billion Tree Tsunami restored 350,000 hectares of forests and degraded land to surpass its
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ranked the Philippines fifth among countries reporting the greatest annual forest area gain, which reached 240,000 hectares during the 2010–2015 period.
490:. Plantation forestry can produce a high volume of wood in a short period of time. Plantations are grown by state forestry authorities (for example, the
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There are calls for a more selective approach to identifying reforestation areas, taking into account the possible displacement of customary land uses.
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2519:"Tropical forests have flipped from sponges to sources of carbon dioxide; A closer look at the world's trees reveals a loss of density in the tropics"
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Award in the Inspiration and Action category for their successful reforestation efforts, which began upon discovering the survival of a single tree.
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terminology, reforestation is defined as the re-establishment of forest through planting and/or deliberate seeding on land classified as forest.
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Globally, planted forests increased from 4.1% to 7.0% of the total forest area between 1990 and 2015. Plantation forests made up 280 million ha (
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Plantation forests cover about 131 million ha, which is 3 percent of the global forest area and 45 percent of the total area of planted forests.
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Globally, planted forests increased from 4.1% to 7.0% of the total forest area between 1990 and 2015. Plantation forests made up 280 million ha (
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as the original forest. If the forest is replaced with only one species of tree and all other vegetation is prevented from growing back, a
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Mass environmental and human-body pollution along with relating deforestation, water pollution, smoke damage, and loss of soils caused by
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remains more biodiverse than many European countries, deforestation occurred during both prehistoric and historic times, including the
6758:"The "Blind" State: Government Quest for Formalization and Conflict with Small-Scale Miners in the Peruvian Amazon: The "Blind" State"
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2205:"Edible fungi crops through mycoforestry, potential for carbon negative food production and mitigation of food and forestry conflicts"
1141:'s dwindling forests. Since its founding, the organization has planted more than 6.5 million trees in communities throughout Armenia.
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Launched in 1978 and scheduled to last until 2050, the Three Northern Protected Forest Development Program – informally known as the "
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alone. There are active reforestation efforts throughout the country. In 2016, India had more than 50 million trees planted in
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As many landholders seek to earn carbon credits through sequestration, their participation also encourages biodiversity and provides
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1940:"Is the introduction of novel exotic forest tree species a rational response to rapid environmental change? – A British perspective"
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Erbaugh, J. T.; Pradhan, N.; Adams, J.; Oldekop, J. A.; Agrawal, A.; Brockington, D.; Pritchard, R.; Chhatre, A. (24 August 2020).
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Over 90% of the world's forests regenerate organically, and more than half are covered by forest management plans or equivalents.
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3892:
Malkamäki, Arttu; D’Amato, Dalia; Hogarth, Nicholas J.; Kanninen, Markku; Pirard, Romain; Toppinen, Anne; Zhou, Wen (July 2019).
1654:
has assisted more than 170,000 families, in 6,800 villages of Asia, Africa and the Americas, to plant over 35 million trees.
1428:
903:
to plant one million trees. China used 24 million hectares of new forest to offset 21% of Chinese fossil fuel emissions in 2000.
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Chazdon, Robin; Calixto, Bruno; Oliveira, Mariana; Messinger, Jared; Alves, Julio; Calmon, Miguel; Anderson, Will (March 2022).
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Cunningham, S. C.; Mac Nally, R.; Baker, P. J.; Cavagnaro, T. R.; Beringer, J.; Thomson, J. R.; Thompson, R. M. (1 July 2015).
2949:
2816:"Can Aerial Reforestation Help Slow Climate Change? Discovery Project Earth Examines Re-Engineering the Planet's Possibilities"
2738:
2085:
1998:
1414:
6505:
Dey, Subhashish; Sreenivasulu, Anduri; Veerendra, G. T. N.; Rao, K. Venkateswara; Babu, P. S. S. Anjaneya (1 September 2022).
5833:
5325:
1648:
is a non-profit organization based in Berlin, Germany, that has planted over 100 million trees worldwide as of July 2020.
174:
means the "conversion to forest of land that has previously contained forests but that has been converted to some other use".
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9588:
6680:
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5458:
5096:"Pakistan's Billion Tree Tsunami restores 350,000 hectares of forests and degraded land to surpass Bonn Challenge commitment"
4799:
4250:
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2027:
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that already have been emitted. However, this can work only if the companies will stop new emissions and stop deforestation.
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9731:
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9444:
9351:
9158:
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7042:
5925:
Willcox, G. H. (1974). "A History of Deforestation as Indicated by Charcoal Analysis of Four Sites in Eastern Anatolia".
4941:
4678:
565:
9476:
6012:"Conference Review: "Environmental History of the Ottoman Empire and Turkey", University of Hamburg, 27-28 October 2017"
4630:
3189:"Can incentives make a difference? Assessing the effects of policy tools for encouraging tree-planting on private lands"
2387:
Sedjo, R., & Sohngen, B. (2012). Carbon sequestration in forests and soils. Annu. Rev. Resour. Econ., 4(1), 127-144.
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1425:(USFS) to manage forest resources sustainably. This includes reforestation after timber harvest, among other programs.
1372:, although volunteers planted a record number of trees in 2019, most had died by 2020 in part due to lack of rainfall.
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4395:"The road to recovery: a synthesis of outcomes from ecosystem restoration in tropical and sub-tropical Asian forests"
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1338:
1068:
178:
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4523:
3274:"Incentives for reforestation of agricultural land: What will a market for carbon sequestration credits contribute?"
1067:
planting of almost 1.4 billion seedlings in about 1.66 million hectares nationwide during the 2011–2016 period. The
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reforestation of their lands, while simultaneously benefiting from improved soil health and increased productivity.
141:. Therefore, reducing deforestation is usually more beneficial for climate change mitigation than is reforestation.
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than to allow for deforestation to subsequently reforest, as the former leads to irreversible effects in terms of
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2111:
53:
6312:
3245:
Streck, C.; S.M. Scholz (2006). "The role of forests in global climate change: whence we come and where we go".
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was a 2019 fundraiser with an initiative to plant 20 million trees. The initiative was started by American
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11415:
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9651:
9398:
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1700:
6992:"YouTube star MrBeast wants to plant 20 million trees. Elon Musk, Jack Dorsey, and more are helping him do it"
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4604:
921:" – aims to eventually plant nearly 90 million acres of new forest in a 2,800-mile stretch of northern China.
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1972:
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871:
569:
345:
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Everard, J.E.; Fourt, D.F. (1974). "Monterey Pine and Bishop Pine as plantation trees in southern Britain".
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Forests at the heart of sustainable development: Investing in forests to meet biodiversity and climate goals
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678:, such as growing coffee plants under trees, reducing the delineation between forests and other land uses.
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1341:
definition of forest, about 12 million hectares was forested in 2015, about 15% of the land surface.
306:
232:
Reforestation is not only used for recovery of accidentally destroyed forests. In some countries, such as
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A study found that almost 300 million people live on tropical forest restoration opportunity land in the
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Forest Governance Overcoming Trade-Offs between Land-Use Pressures, Climate and Biodiversity Protection
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Costa Rica has a long-standing commitment to the environment. The country is now one of the leaders of
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Through reforestation and environmental conservation, Costa Rica doubled its forest cover in 30 years.
1311:
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decided to plant 440 million trees by 2040. The decision is part of the government's plan to make
1025:
5882:"A Review of the Forest Vegetation of Turkey: Its Status Past and Present and Its Future Conservation"
4043:
3188:
2789:
2397:
Baccini, A.; Walker, W.; Carvalho, L.; Farina, M.; Sulla-Menashe, D.; Houghton, R. A. (October 2017).
703:) tend to extract large amounts of moisture from the soil, preventing the growth of other plants. The
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As of 2019, half of the country's land surface is covered with forests. They absorb a huge amount of
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3173:
2764:"Would a Large-scale Reforestation Effort Help Counter the Global Warming Impacts of Deforestation?"
2612:
2290:
2056:"Would a Large-scale Reforestation Effort Help Counter the Global Warming Impacts of Deforestation?"
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6173:
Gökbulak, Ferhat; Erdoğan, Betül Uygur; Yıldırım, Hasan Tezcan; Özçelik, Mehmet S. (20 July 2018).
4711:"China will aim to plant and conserve 70 billion trees by 2030 as part of the global tree movement"
3050:
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520:
149:
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5358:
5162:"COVID-19: Pakistan's 'green stimulus' scheme is a win-win for the environment and the unemployed"
4079:
Goosem, Stephen P; Tucker, Nigel I. J.; Wet Tropics Management Authority, (issuing body.) (2013),
3347:"Defining Biodiverse Reforestation: Why It Matters for Climate Change Mitigation and Biodiversity"
1536:
Costa Rica doubled its forest cover in 30 years using its system of grants and other payments for
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Zhang, Xianghua; Busch, Jonah; Huang, Yingli; Fleskens, Luuk; Qin, Huiyan; Qiao, Zhenhua (2023).
3592:
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2118:. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK and New York, NY, USA. doi: 10.1017/9781009157926.020
1108:
also occurs when trees are incorporated in the agricultural system. It is also probable that the
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882:
856:
248:. In such circumstances, the industry can cut the trees in a way to allow easier reforestation.
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will work with its local partners around the world to plant one tree for each dollar they raise.
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4130:
3104:"In Semi-Arid Africa, Farmers Are Transforming the "Underground Forest" Into Life-Giving Trees"
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employs both natural and artificial methods. Reforestation involves the deliberate planting of
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376:
5811:
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Lewis, Simon L.; Wheeler, Charlotte E.; Mitchard, Edward T. A.; Koch, Alexander (April 2019).
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with no rain. While this method has existed for centuries, it is now sometimes referred to as
71:
that have been destroyed or damaged. The prior forest destruction might have happened through
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6339:"Forest Service Chief testifies before Senate appropriations committee on 2013 agency budget"
3160:
2399:"Tropical forests are a net carbon source based on aboveground measurements of gain and loss"
1570:
why reforestation efforts are essential for the protection of many communities' livelihoods.
1230:
1225:
Since the 1980s, 8.5 million trees have been planted in the United Kingdom in an area of the
726:
A debated issue in managed reforestation is whether the succeeding forest will have the same
428:
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162:(the latter being the establishment of a forest in an area where there was no forest before).
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6634:
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3591:
Bond, William J.; Stevens, Nicola; Midgley, Guy F.; Lehmann, Caroline E.R. (November 2019).
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or otherwise removed at some point in the past or lacked it naturally (for example, natural
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4866:"Meet Jadav Payeng, India's Forest Man, who created 550 hectares of forest single-handedly"
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For thousands of years Lebanon was covered by forests; one particular species of interest,
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National Forestation Day is on 11 November but, according to the agriculture and forestry
8:
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4979:. Forestry Agency, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Japan. Archived from
4683:
2454:"Harmonized global maps of above and belowground biomass carbon density in the year 2010"
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that occurred as a result of deforestation can be mediated when these trees are planted.
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Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
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1159:, some 40% of the land was forested. Today, the country is about 2% forested, with the
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in Britain) and/or the paper and wood industries and other private landowners (such as
6042:
3003:
The potential of Western hemlock, Western red cedar, Grand fir and Noblefir in Britain
2398:
797:
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benefits from mature trees in tropical forests and hence from limiting deforestation.
352:, reforestation are therefore important contributions to climate change mitigation.
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4942:"The Man Who Has Created 33 Forests in India – He Can Make One in Your Backyard Too!"
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6808:"African countries are building a "Great Green Wall" to beat back the Sahara desert"
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5011:. The Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fishery, Forestry Agency. Archived from
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2643:
2452:
Spawn, Seth A.; Sullivan, Clare C.; Lark, Tyler J.; Gibbs, Holly K. (6 April 2020).
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like reforestation, including mangrove forests and soil restoration. Among them are
1479:
1259:
980:
had grown to large campaigns against copper operation. This led to the creation of '
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6912:"NIGERIA: Kano State launches a one million tree reforestation campaign | Afrik 21"
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6454:"Costa Rica has doubled its tropical rainforests in just a few decades. Here's how"
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5446:
5439:
Stubenrauch, Jessica; Ekardt, Felix; Hagemann, Katharina; Garske, Beatrice (2022).
4836:
4422:
4406:
4330:
4284:"Climate emissions from tropical forest damage 'underestimated by a factor of six'"
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4140:
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3735:
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3565:
3528:
3518:
3466:
3458:
3417:
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3358:
3285:
3254:
3208:
2882:
2866:
2713:"Climate emissions from tropical forest damage 'underestimated by a factor of six'"
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2489:
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2240:
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1967:
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4788:
China's Contained Resource Curse: How Minerals Shape State-Capital-Labor Relations
3212:
2329:
259:, rejuvenation of local flora and fauna, and the capturing and sequestering of 38
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Brand, David; Moshe, Itzhak; Shaler, Moshe; Zuk, Aviram; Riov, Dr Joseph (2011).
3557:
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1963:
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aiming to increase that share to 10% through reforestation and natural regrowth.
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are used, can provide other benefits in addition to financial returns, including
227:
138:
100:
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5896:
3824:"Global forest restoration and the importance of prioritizing local communities"
3523:
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992:
due to inabilities of self-recovering by the natural land itself due to serious
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6175:"Causes of land degradation and rehabilitation efforts of rangelands in Turkey"
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3715:
3616:
3499:"Balancing the environmental benefits of reforestation in agricultural regions"
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2157:[Rights and responsibilities] (in Finnish). Metsäkeskus (Forest Center)
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323:
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264:
130:
6531:
6506:
5981:
5450:
4841:
4816:
4688:
4367:"New Alliance Launched to Tackle Global Seed Shortage and Scale Reforestation"
4204:
4083:(2 ed.), Wet Tropics Management Authority; : Biotropica Australia,
3772:"Global forest restoration and the importance of empowering local communities"
3081:
2667:
2477:
1912:
Global forest resources assessment 2015: how are the world's forests changing?
1137:
was founded in 1994 to address environmental and economic concerns related to
294:
reducing carbon emissions that are caused from deforestation and degradation.
12574:
12433:
12347:
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12265:
12175:
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11938:
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11245:
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11047:
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10445:
10377:
10102:
9909:
9844:
9739:
8818:
8803:
8798:
8683:
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8475:
8368:
8273:
8260:
8255:
8163:
8144:
8069:
8029:
7982:
7821:
7793:
7658:
7596:
7530:
7339:
7291:
6884:
6859:"Reforestation in Nigeria: History, current practice and future perspectives"
6540:
6507:"Renewable energy present status and future potentials in India: An overview"
6209:
5611:"Disappointing planting figures in England still far below Government target"
4877:
4850:
4418:
4262:
4212:
4007:
3925:
3855:
3749:
3577:
3542:
3431:
3297:
3220:
2878:
2675:
2591:
2485:
2430:
2378:, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA
2236:
1981:
1893:
1587:
1582:, involves planting a nine-mile width of trees on the Southern Border of the
1279:
989:
945:
708:
539:
483:
427:
forests at stand maturity. The purposes of other planted forests may include
360:
349:
286:
198:
185:
158:
72:
20:
8823:
6940:
5440:
4144:
3998:
2545:
2422:
2299:
2228:
1358:
144:
Many countries carry out reforestation programs. For example, in China, the
12491:
11852:
10983:
10978:
10966:
10926:
10911:
10599:
10330:
10127:
9771:
9761:
9408:
9292:
9205:
8763:
8725:
8715:
8668:
8600:
8585:
8530:
8410:
8378:
8363:
8310:
8294:
8177:
8012:
7708:
7698:
7683:
7653:
7576:
7552:
7466:
7431:
7396:
7311:
7286:
7242:
6875:
6031:"What Is a Forest? Definitions Do Make a Difference an Example from Turkey"
5989:
4436:
4410:
4344:
4220:
4181:"Increasing wildfires threaten historic carbon sink of boreal forest soils"
4152:
4025:
3863:
3634:
3569:
3480:
3462:
3398:"People plant trees for utility more often than for biodiversity or carbon"
3228:
2911:
2896:
2683:
2644:"Increasing wildfires threaten historic carbon sink of boreal forest soils"
2575:
2554:
2503:
2438:
2307:
2254:
2179:
21st Century Homestead: Sustainable Agriculture III: Agricultural Practices
2128:
1804:
1763:
1672:
which planted over 47 million trees to restore the Kenyan environment.
1529:
and conservation, Costa Rica has pioneered the development of payments for
1504:
1439:
1326:
1120:
1109:
1100:
976:, Tochigi became the first environmental social issue in Japan, efforts by
937:
933:
727:
682:
675:
524:
495:
252:
76:
48:
Reforestation in progress: Direct-sowing of seed in a burned area (after a
11373:
5675:
5340:"Spades, saplings and sheep: Iceland battles to restore long-lost forests"
5195:
4524:"China to plant 26 billion trees over next decade – People's Daily Online"
1614:
1458:
Tropical tree nursery at Planeta Verde Reforestación S.A.'s plantation in
450:
137:
benefits of reforestation to become similar to those from mature trees in
12553:
12456:
11097:
11052:
10921:
10894:
10357:
9874:
9866:
9116:
8828:
8620:
8535:
8415:
8348:
8343:
8268:
8044:
8024:
8017:
7977:
7944:
7525:
7276:
5709:
4527:
1369:
1234:
941:
881:
From 2016 to 2021, 3976 square kilometers of forests were planted in the
827:
731:
659:
335:
129:
The effects of reforestation will be farther in the future than those of
123:
115:
6419:"GOP bill will seek to commit US to planting 3.3 billion trees annually"
5359:"Ireland to Plant 440 Million Trees in 20 Years to Fight Climate Change"
5326:"Iceland is replanting its forests 1,000 years after vikings razed them"
4311:"Restoring natural forests is the best way to remove atmospheric carbon"
3688:
3305:
3273:
12559:
11162:
10389:
9766:
8808:
8509:
8316:
8289:
8039:
8034:
7760:
7381:
6773:
6661:"Reforestation Incentives Systems for Tree Plantations in the Tropics∗"
6592:"Reforestation Incentives Systems for Tree Plantations in the Tropics∗"
5946:
5408:"Cop26: Ireland to sign global pledge for 30% cut in methane emissions"
3363:
3346:
3289:
2268:
Canadell JG, Raupach MR (2008). "Managing Forests for Climate Change".
1938:
Ennos, Richard; Cottrell, Joan; Hall, Jeanette; O'Brien, David (2019).
1686:
1675:
1526:
1187:
1028:
1014:
911:
514:
are often grown on plantations, and in southern and southeastern Asia,
363:. The typical tropical forest may become a carbon source by the 2060s.
32:
6852:
6850:
6848:
6846:
6844:
4399:
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences
3533:
3451:
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences
3187:
Ruseva, Tatyana B.; Evans, Tom P.; Fischer, Burnell C. (15 May 2015).
2375:
2115:
936:
had received national awards for reforestation efforts, known as the "
707:
found that, in terms of environmental services, it is better to avoid
12285:
11992:
11824:
11285:
10931:
9334:
8788:
8698:
8693:
8688:
8653:
8643:
8460:
8450:
8405:
8400:
8299:
7922:
7900:
7801:
7743:
7359:
7225:
2580:"Tropical forests losing their ability to absorb carbon, study finds"
2339:
1715:
1586:
for stopping its expansion to the south. However, this is more of an
1092:
1009:
was launched in 2014 by planting 10 billion trees, by the provincial
560:
543:
531:
202:
92:
6972:
6115:
6094:
5938:
5732:"Lebanon National Forest Program 2015–2025, Ministry of Agriculture"
5301:"583,513 Trees Planted in Fall 2023: A Record-Breaking Achievement!"
2364:
1385:
1147:
was founded in 2019 and has since planted 910,000 trees in Armenia.
523:
are the basis for genetic alteration. Selected individuals grown in
12522:
11748:
11475:
8783:
8743:
8658:
8595:
8568:
8504:
8499:
8470:
8240:
8002:
7972:
7967:
7927:
7873:
7863:
7783:
7171:
6841:
5489:
5043:. The Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fishery. Archived from
3272:
Shabman, Leonard; Zepp, Laura; Wainger, Lisa; King, Dennis (2002).
2847:"Assessing the carbon capture potential of a reforestation project"
2381:
1780:
1679:
1594:
1463:
1390:
1318:
1226:
1084:
1055:
1043:
743:
535:
527:
are a good source for seeds to develop adequate planting material.
499:
219:
190:
84:
80:
68:
49:
4916:
4817:"Cost of mitigating climate change through reforestation in China"
3716:"Recognizing the equity implications of restoration priority maps"
3712:
2086:"China's Reforestation Programs: Big Success or Just an Illusion?"
1454:
99:
restoration purposes. One method of reforestation is to establish
12441:
11112:
11062:
9312:
8970:
8793:
8703:
8635:
8625:
8605:
8590:
8563:
8558:
8520:
8284:
7992:
7888:
7858:
7853:
7841:
7831:
7816:
7369:
6095:"Global Forest Resources Assessment 2015: Country Report: Turkey"
3496:
3444:
1914:. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.
1682:
1518:
1475:
1394:
1138:
1088:
852:
839:
835:
556:
459:
402:
398:
382:
356:
268:
245:
233:
107:
96:
8326:
8172:
5115:"Pakistan's Next Prime Minister Wants to Plant 10 Billion Trees"
4653:"China Focus: From a single tree to a forest – Saihanba's story"
1757:
1306:
Of the country's 78 million hectares of land in total, the
1050:. This initiative was meant to alleviate unemployment caused by
285:
There are four primary ways in which reforestation and reducing
11733:
10936:
10325:
8813:
8720:
8525:
7826:
7564:
7401:
7349:
7248:
7020:
5889:
Biology and Environment: Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy
5585:"Tree-planting in England falls 71% short of government target"
5508:"How millions of trees brought a broken landscape back to life"
5438:
3891:
3797:"300 million world over can have their forests restored: study"
3150:
3126:"What is assisted natural regeneration and where does it work?"
2739:"Why Keeping Mature Forests Intact Is Key to the Climate Fight"
1999:"Why Keeping Mature Forests Intact Is Key to the Climate Fight"
1645:
1039:
957:
848:
538:
has a growth rate of 34 cubic meters per hectare per year, and
194:
64:
37:
6172:
4743:
1857:
10239:
Cooperative Mechanisms under Article 6 of the Paris Agreement
9322:
8615:
8158:
7878:
7128:"The Role of Planted Forests in Forest Landscape Restoration"
2322:
1096:
885:, with plans for 20 million trees to be planted before 2023.
864:
843:
334:
carbon dioxide from the air, forests function as terrestrial
83:. Three important purposes of reforestation programs are for
6903:
6198:"Most of 11m trees planted in Turkish project 'may be dead'"
4679:"China directs efforts to protecting ecological environment"
4251:"What Do the Protectors of Congo's Peatlands Get in Return?"
4032:
3974:"Forest restoration, biodiversity and ecosystem functioning"
1937:
8514:
8243:
7937:
7912:
7586:
7140:
6659:
Pancel, Laslo (2016), Pancel, Laslo; Köhl, Michael (eds.),
6590:
Pancel, Laslo (2016), Pancel, Laslo; Köhl, Michael (eds.),
6504:
4728:
3395:
2396:
1860:"Changes in planted forests and future global implications"
1628:
940:". He planted 1400 hectares of forest on the bank of river
515:
5381:"Ireland's planning to make its Emerald Isle even greener"
4765:
4578:"China to Plant New Forests the Size of Ireland This Year"
4551:"China is planting 16.3 million acres of forest this year"
3821:
3658:"Many Tree-Planting Campaigns Are Based on Flawed Science"
2028:"Want to beat climate change? Protect our natural forests"
10415:
Illustrative model of greenhouse effect on climate change
8550:
8491:
6895: This article incorporates text available under the
6366:. United States Department of Agriculture. Archived from
6261:"How does the forest industry contribute to the economy?"
6122:
6101:
4955:
4601:"China to increase forest coverage to 23 percent by 2020"
3689:"The illusion of saving the planet with a trillion trees"
3590:
3153:"The Benefits and Power of Assisted Natural Regeneration"
1719:
1361:, more sustainable forestry has been suggested. Improved
1288:
1208:
953:
260:
6116:"Global Forest Resources Assessment 2015 Desk Reference"
5968:
Hughes, J.D. (2010). "Ancient Deforestation Revisited".
4758:
4391:
4308:
3593:"The Trouble with Trees: Afforestation Plans for Africa"
3503:
Perspectives in Plant Ecology, Evolution and Systematics
2844:
948:
and in 2017, more than 66 million trees planted in
6635:"Costa Rica Doubled Its Forest Cover In Just 30 Years!"
6481:"Costa Rica Doubled Its Forest Cover In Just 30 Years!"
4814:
4627:"A story of human bravery and beauty lost and regained"
4173:
2636:
310:
Proportion of carbon stock in forest carbon pools, 2020
4948:
4899:"Record 66 million trees planted in 12 hours in India"
3271:
3049:. United Nations Environment Programme. Archived from
2451:
1795: – Process of restoring land to a different state
660:
Competition with other land uses and displacement risk
12264:
10256:
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
6626:
6152:"Atlas of Forest Landscape Restoration Opportunities"
5860:"Turkey goes greener with new afforestation campaign"
5559:"Reality Check: Are millions of trees being planted?"
5219:"Philippines 5th out of 234 countries on forest gain"
5188:"PH reforestation program sees steady growth in 2017"
5137:"Pakistan's virus-idled workers hired to plant trees"
3492:
3490:
2790:"Planting trees is no substitute for natural forests"
118:
which comes with a set of disadvantages, for example
6667:, Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer, pp. 1531–1547,
6598:, Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer, pp. 1531–1547,
6417:
Frazin, Rachel; Beitsch, Rebecca (2 February 2020).
4105:
2919:(RL31432 ed.). Congressional Research Service.
2203:
Thomas, Paul W.; Jump, Alistair S. (21 March 2023).
1776:
Pages displaying wikidata descriptions as a fallback
1753:
23:. For reforestation and afforestation together, see
12502:
United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification
10584:
7098:"Tree-planting programs can do more harm than good"
6827:"Ethiopia Plants Record-Breaking 350 Million Trees"
6237:. Government of Canada. August 2014. Archived from
5879:
5639:
5283:"Armenian Tree Project Celebrates 20th Anniversary"
984:Yusuichi Pond', to settle the pollution which is a
385:lands helps to incorporate carbon from atmospheric
146:
Three Northern Protected Forest Development Program
36:A forest, six years after reforestation efforts in
7073:
7070:"Business turns to nature to fight climate change"
6361:"U.S. Forest Resource Facts and Historical Trends"
3487:
3186:
422:land under deforestation and ready for restoration
6704:"Peru Deforestation Rates & Statistics | GFW"
6478:
5256:"Halting Deforestation, an Agroforestry Approach"
3626:20.500.11820/ad569ac5-dc12-4420-9517-d8f310ede95e
3374:20.500.11820/fa87acb7-8982-43d9-bf03-ab700dd168d8
3244:
1973:20.500.11820/725af6fe-4ef8-4345-8f06-634eb59414ff
826:project, which aims to halt the expansion of the
550:
63:is the practice of restoring previously existing
12572:
11644:Other effective area-based conservation measures
10456:Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)
8239:
6138:Turkish Greenhouse Gas Inventory report (2019),
3972:Aerts, Raf; Honnay, Olivier (24 November 2011).
2516:
11639:Integrated Conservation and Development Project
4974:"Annual Report on Forest and Forestry in Japan"
3686:
2267:
2209:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
2026:Mackey, Brendan; Dooley, Kate (6 August 2019).
1853:
1851:
1783: – Science and craft of managing woodlands
1733:, held in Davos, announced the creation of the
1241:. An even larger reforestation project, called
899:launched the Million Tree Project in Kulun Qi,
737:
6313:"Deforestation in Canada: Key myths and facts"
1618:Forest nursery located in the compound of the
1474:Training in reforestation for young people in
1091:of forest have been destroyed in exchange for
758:were areas earmarked for commercial wood use.
12250:
11389:
10570:
9191:History of climate change policy and politics
8986:
8225:
7156:
6955:"Ecologi Public Impact and Operations Ledger"
6416:
5764:"Forest and landscape restoration in Lebanon"
5702:"Forest and landscape restoration in Lebanon"
4106:Canadell, J.G.; M.R. Raupach (13 June 2008).
2948:Bank, European Investment (8 December 2022).
1689:, and was mostly supported by YouTubers. The
1639:
431:and the protection of soil and water values.
4451:"World's Forests Rebounding, Study Suggests"
3318:
3018:
2025:
1848:
1807: – Process of rebuilding disturbed soil
773:
409:, landfill or stored by use in construction.
326:. Therefore, they play an important role in
274:
11403:
9308:Atlantic meridional overturning circulation
5788:. Jabal Rihan. 24 July 1996. Archived from
5038:"Promotion of International Efforts (2016)"
4101:
4099:
3971:
3278:American Journal of Alternative Agriculture
2977:"Forests, desertification and biodiversity"
1620:Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta
1157:deforestation of Iceland in the Middle Ages
988:. Reforestation was conducted as a part of
454:An image of a reforestation site in Praslin
381:The planting of trees on marginal crop and
12257:
12243:
11396:
11382:
10577:
10563:
10537:
10525:
9982:
8993:
8979:
8232:
8218:
7163:
7149:
5834:"Sowing Seeds Today for a Better Tomorrow"
5280:
4863:
3000:
2202:
1825:
1823:
1821:
1774: – actions to reinstate forest health
11088:Environmental issues in the United States
10277:
10083:Adaptation strategies on the German coast
9216:United Nations Climate Change conferences
6874:
6856:
6786:
6530:
6287:"Sustainable forest management in Canada"
5875:
5873:
5434:
5432:
5430:
5428:
4840:
4426:
4334:
4134:
4015:
3997:
3952:European Commission – European Commission
3739:
3624:
3555:
3532:
3522:
3470:
3421:
3372:
3362:
3240:
3238:
3008:(Report). London: H.M. Stationery Office.
2886:
2813:
2617:European Commission – European Commission
2544:
2493:
2289:
2244:
1971:
1883:
1789: – Part of environmental remediation
1237:, close to Leicester. The area is called
778:There are some implementation challenges
407:bioenergy with carbon capture and storage
122:. Lastly, there is also the problem that
11073:Effects of climate change on agriculture
9787:Co-benefits of climate change mitigation
6989:
6824:
6805:
4629:. Champions of the Earth. Archived from
4460:
4096:
3655:
3319:Shutterstock, Credit (4 February 2020).
1831:"Global Forest Resource Assessment 2020"
1613:
1453:
1408:
1384:
1119:
449:
417:
413:
305:
197:that may have existed long ago but were
43:
31:
10143:National Adaptation Programme of Action
9932:Land use, land-use change, and forestry
6909:
6755:
6632:
5924:
5836:. Lebanon Reforestation. Archived from
4781:
4779:
4493:
4489:
4487:
4485:
4483:
4481:
4479:
4248:
2943:
2941:
2331:Global Forest Resources Assessment 2020
1818:
1429:United States Department of Agriculture
742:There is also the risk that, through a
575:
16:Method for land and forest regeneration
12573:
12538:Land use, land-use change and forestry
11078:Effects of climate change on livestock
9792:Economics of climate change mitigation
9755:Gold Standard (carbon offset standard)
9268:
9096:Scientific consensus on climate change
6751:
6749:
6747:
6701:
6658:
6589:
6585:
6583:
6267:. Government of Canada. 26 August 2014
6134:
6132:
5967:
5870:
5676:"Reforesting Israel, Restoring Israel"
5649:. UN. pp. 273–280. Archived from
5425:
5356:
5250:
5248:
5246:
5244:
5216:
4821:Frontiers in Forests and Global Change
4548:
4064:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
3345:Andres, Samantha (20 September 2022).
3344:
3321:"What Are Reforestation Tax Benefits?"
3235:
2981:United Nations Sustainable Development
2574:
2517:Carolyn Gramling (28 September 2017).
2175:
1415:Mount Baker-Snoqualmie National Forest
1321:was 60% to 70% forested. Although the
1011:government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK)
12238:
11377:
10558:
10451:Coupled Model Intercomparison Project
10276:
9981:
9717:
9267:
9179:
9060:
9012:
8974:
8213:
7144:
6734:"Engineering For People Design Brief"
6293:. Government of Canada. 16 April 2013
5445:. Switzerland: Springer. p. 63.
4496:An Ecological History of Modern China
4108:"Managing Forests for Climate Change"
3687:Financial Times (21 September 2023).
3682:
3680:
3678:
3558:"Planting trees can shift water flow"
3047:United Nations System-wide Earthwatch
2926:from the original on 14 November 2022
2909:
2814:McDermott, Matthew (22 August 2008).
2079:
2077:
2050:
2048:
2021:
2019:
1742:forest landscape restoration strategy
1706:Many companies are trying to achieve
1573:
1124:A 15-year-old reforested plot of land
1031:declared that the country will plant
439:
314:Forests are an important part of the
213:
12487:Managed intensive rotational grazing
11332:
11188:Tropical cyclones and climate change
10473:Representative Concentration Pathway
9414:Tipping points in the climate system
9090:Carbon dioxide in Earth's atmosphere
8864:
7067:
7043:"From Little Things Big Things Grow"
6910:Ngounou, Boris (15 September 2021).
6319:. Government of Canada. 27 June 2013
6195:
6028:
5112:
4785:
4776:
4476:
4443:
2968:
2947:
2938:
2092:. the Yale School of the Environment
1993:
1991:
1933:
1931:
1905:
1903:
1308:Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry
691:
585:
11221:Alternative fuel vehicle propulsion
10244:Nationally determined contributions
9954:Individual action on climate change
9159:World energy supply and consumption
8886:
8088:
6990:Williams, David (30 October 2019).
6806:Mohammed, Omar (22 December 2015).
6744:
6580:
6129:
5812:"Restoring Lebanon's cedar forests"
5405:
5357:Rosane, Olivia (3 September 2019).
5241:
4864:Kannadasan, Akila (21 March 2019).
4808:
4766:"Million Tree Project :: Home"
4549:Breyer, Melissa (11 January 2018).
4072:
3193:Journal of Environmental Management
3001:Aldhous, J. R.; Low, A. J. (1974).
2176:Henkel, Marlon (22 February 2015).
2143:from the original on 9 August 2019.
1909:
1221:Afforestation § United Kingdom
874:Afforestation Community won the UN
566:farmer-managed natural regeneration
13:
12363:Soil retrogression and degradation
10383:Fixed anvil temperature hypothesis
9000:
6857:Akpan-ebe, Isidore Nelson (2017).
6633:Steffen, Andrea D. (4 June 2019).
6341:. US Forest Service. 18 April 2012
5786:"Lebanese Forest Conservation Law"
5217:Galvez, Manny (21 February 2016).
4703:
4249:Maclean, Ruth (22 February 2022).
3675:
3556:Belluscio, Ana (7 November 2009).
2974:
2826:from the original on 30 March 2010
2169:
2074:
2045:
2016:
1590:project than a reforestation one.
1346:greenhouse gas emissions by Turkey
1087:to restore the land after 800,000
476:tree plantation, forest plantation
14:
12617:
11516:Conservation biology of parasites
10868:pharmaceuticals and personal care
10310:Satellite temperature measurement
9915:forestry for carbon sequestration
9196:History of climate change science
7437:Global Forest Information Service
7072:. Financial Times. Archived from
6825:Davidson, Jordan (30 July 2019).
6479:Andrea D. Steffen (4 June 2019).
5970:Journal of the History of Biology
4468:"Battling China's Deforestation".
3597:Trends in Ecology & Evolution
2083:
1988:
1928:
1900:
1339:Food and Agriculture Organization
1214:
1069:Food and Agriculture Organization
12518:Forest Landscape Integrity Index
12329:
12296:Deforestation and climate change
12219:
12218:
11632:Tropical rainforest conservation
11536:Vulnerability and susceptibility
11343:
11342:
11331:
11019:decline in amphibian populations
10724:Deforestation and climate change
10536:
10524:
10513:
10512:
10500:
10161:Climate Change Performance Index
9540:Destruction of cultural heritage
8885:
8863:
8842:
8841:
8325:
8193:
8184:
8183:
8171:
8157:
8143:
8129:
8115:
8101:
8087:
7120:
7090:
7061:
7035:
7009:
6983:
6965:
6947:
6929:
6890:
6818:
6799:
6780:
6726:
6695:
6652:
6555:
6511:Innovation and Green Development
6498:
6472:
6446:
6433:
6410:
6385:
6353:
6331:
6305:
6279:
6253:
6223:
6189:
6166:
6144:
6108:
6087:
6057:
6022:
6004:
5961:
5918:
5852:
5826:
5814:. Share America. 10 January 2017
5804:
5778:
5756:
5724:
5694:
5668:
5633:
5603:
5577:
5551:
5526:
5500:
5482:
5399:
5373:
5350:
5332:
5318:
5293:
5194:. 2 January 2018. Archived from
4575:
4466:Gittings, John (20 March 2001).
3656:Dasgupta, Shreya (1 June 2021).
3259:10.1111/j.1468-2346.2006.00575.x
2130:Terms and definitions – FRA 2020
1756:
1606:This section is an excerpt from
1578:One plan in this region, called
1449:
1404:
1375:
906:The Chinese government requires
651:Tree plantations § Problems
590:
466:This section is an excerpt from
318:because trees and plants absorb
298:This section is an excerpt from
281:Deforestation and climate change
12533:Land surface effects on climate
12181:NatureServe conservation status
11466:Conservation-induced extinction
11153:Land surface effects on climate
10610:Environmental impact assessment
10586:Human impact on the environment
10300:Instrumental temperature record
10251:Sustainable Development Goal 13
8194:
7104:. 26 April 2019. Archived from
6069:General Directorate of Forestry
5490:"Grußwort – Bundeswaldinventur"
5274:
5210:
5180:
5154:
5129:
5113:Chow, Lorraine (30 July 2018).
5106:
5088:
5062:
5030:
5006:"Change in Forest Cover (2016)"
4998:
4966:
4934:
4909:
4891:
4857:
4736:"Shanghai Roots & Shoots –"
4671:
4655:. Xinhuanet.com. Archived from
4645:
4619:
4592:
4569:
4542:
4516:
4385:
4359:
4302:
4276:
4242:
4167:
3965:
3940:
3918:10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2019.101931
3885:
3815:
3789:
3764:
3706:
3649:
3584:
3549:
3438:
3389:
3338:
3312:
3265:
3180:
3144:
3118:
3096:
3065:
3035:
3012:
2994:
2913:Carbon Sequestration in Forests
2903:
2838:
2807:
2782:
2756:
2731:
2705:
2630:
2605:
2568:
2510:
2445:
2390:
2261:
2196:
2147:
2121:
802:Tree planting § By country
300:Carbon sequestration § Forestry
170:Reforestation according to the
54:Idaho Panhandle National Forest
12438:Arid Lands Information Network
11572:Conservation management system
11456:Conservation-dependent species
11416:Index of conservation articles
10368:Climate variability and change
9718:
9399:Retreat of glaciers since 1850
7019:. 26 July 2021. Archived from
6196:Kent, Sami (30 January 2020).
4598:
4500:University of Washington Press
3828:Nature Ecology & Evolution
3720:Environmental Research Letters
2104:
1801: – Ecosystem regeneration
1525:An honorable world leader for
1248:
1061:
551:Using existing trees and roots
1:
11798:Assisted natural regeneration
11602:Ecoregion conservation status
11024:decline in insect populations
10478:Shared Socioeconomic Pathways
10013:Climate emergency declaration
7068:Hook, Leslie (28 July 2020).
6673:10.1007/978-3-642-54601-3_123
6604:10.1007/978-3-642-54601-3_123
5287:The Armenian Mirror-Spectator
5281:Aram Arkun (3 October 2014).
4790:. Cambridge, United Kingdom:
3213:10.1016/j.jenvman.2015.03.026
3082:"Africa's underground forest"
3021:Quarterly Journal of Forestry
2768:Union of Concerned Scientists
2060:Union of Concerned Scientists
1944:Forest Ecology and Management
1864:Forest Ecology and Management
1811:
1556:region and sparked a boom in
1485:
1421:It is the stated goal of the
798:Afforestation § Examples
791:
644:
570:assisted natural regeneration
346:Sustainable forest management
165:
12186:Special Area of Conservation
11724:Landscape-scale conservation
11719:High conservation value area
11597:Community-based conservation
10461:IPCC Sixth Assessment Report
9687:Middle East and North Africa
9013:
7170:
6756:Damonte, Gerardo H. (2016).
6563:"Forests and Climate Change"
5880:Colak and Rotherham (2006).
4553:. Treehugger. Archived from
3423:10.1016/j.biocon.2021.109224
2954:. European Investment Bank.
2155:"Oikeudet ja velvollisuudet"
1964:10.1016/j.foreco.2018.10.018
1885:10.1016/j.foreco.2015.06.021
1514:, combating climate change.
1423:United States Forest Service
1389:A 21-year-old plantation of
738:Stored carbon being released
7:
12467:Farmer-managed regeneration
12204:List of conservation issues
11612:Evidence-based conservation
11506:Mutualisms and conservation
9535:Depopulation of settlements
9180:
6793:Carolina Digital Repository
6443:, Spring/Summer 2024, p. 12
6154:. World Resources Institute
5897:10.3318/BIOE.2006.106.3.343
3898:Global Environmental Change
3524:10.1016/j.ppees.2015.06.001
1749:
1492:Reforestation in Costa Rica
1260:Afforestation § Israel
1078:
1000:
208:
148:– informally known as the "
126:is released at some point.
10:
12622:
11654:Roadless area conservation
11446:Compassionate conservation
10295:Global surface temperature
10186:Popular culture depictions
10098:Ecosystem-based adaptation
9828:Carbon capture and storage
9750:Carbon offsets and credits
9061:
7548:Growth and yield modelling
6665:Tropical Forestry Handbook
6596:Tropical Forestry Handbook
4792:Cambridge University Press
4786:Zhan, Jing Vivian (2022).
4336:10.1038/d41586-019-01026-8
3848:10.1038/s41559-020-01282-2
3617:10.1016/j.tree.2019.08.003
2871:10.1038/s41598-021-99395-6
1640:Organizations and programs
1605:
1600:
1489:
1469:
1272:
1257:
1218:
1197:
1171:In 2019 the government of
1166:
1150:
1128:
1083:Efforts are being made in
1054:to mitigate the spread of
974:mining operations in Ashio
818:Afforestation § China
815:
795:
669:in collaboration with the
648:
579:
465:
434:
297:
278:
251:Reforestation, if several
236:, many of the forests are
217:
18:
12510:
12477:Great Green Wall (Africa)
12426:
12338:
12327:
12276:
12199:
12153:
12008:
11845:
11788:
11757:
11677:
11544:
11424:
11411:
11326:
11261:Environmental engineering
11211:
11108:Environmental degradation
10999:
10885:fishing down the food web
10662:
10592:
10507:Climate change portal
10494:
10433:
10400:Extreme event attribution
10318:
10287:
10283:
10272:
10216:
10151:
10073:
10023:School Strike for Climate
9995:
9991:
9977:
9946:
9902:Climate-smart agriculture
9863:
9820:
9730:
9726:
9713:
9637:
9490:
9437:
9280:
9276:
9263:
9186:
9175:
9104:
9073:
9069:
9056:
9039:Climate change adaptation
9034:Climate change mitigation
9029:Effects of climate change
9019:
9008:
8837:
8736:
8634:
8549:
8490:
8424:
8374:Hemispherical photography
8334:
8323:
8254:
8122:Earth sciences portal
8108:Climate change portal
8083:
7960:
7792:
7689:Great Green Wall (Africa)
7634:
7325:
7235:
7178:
6977:www.greenbeltmovement.org
6973:"The Green Belt Movement"
6708:www.globalforestwatch.org
6532:10.1016/j.igd.2022.100006
5982:10.1007/s10739-010-9247-3
5451:10.1007/978-3-030-99184-5
5406:Glasgow, Denis Staunton.
4842:10.3389/ffgc.2023.1229216
4603:. GBTimes. Archived from
4205:10.1038/s41586-019-1474-y
2668:10.1038/s41586-019-1474-y
2478:10.1038/s41597-020-0444-4
2372:Summary for policy makers
2182:. Lulu.com. p. 126.
1580:Great Green Wall (Africa)
1380:
1351:World Resources Institute
1317:Four thousand years ago,
1301:
1253:
1115:
1026:Pakistan's prime minister
1019:Bonn Challenge commitment
822:China has introduced the
774:Implementation challenges
667:World Resources Institute
641:for crops and livestock.
599:This section needs to be
504:Sierra Pacific Industries
482:also is used to refer to
328:climate change mitigation
275:Climate change mitigation
240:by the wood products and
89:climate change mitigation
12482:Great Green Wall (China)
12353:Historic desertification
12041:Central African Republic
11689:Conservation designation
11607:Environmental protection
11592:Conspicuous conservation
11582:Conservation photography
11557:Conservation development
11552:Conservation agriculture
11266:Environmental mitigation
11123:Greenhouse gas emissions
11083:Environmental insecurity
10410:Global warming potential
10217:International agreements
9864:Preserving and enhancing
9298:Arctic methane emissions
9220:Years in climate change
9127:Greenhouse gas emissions
9024:Causes of climate change
8934:Machine and metalworking
8679:Lombard Steam Log Hauler
7694:Great Green Wall (China)
7267:Close to nature forestry
6787:VonZabern, Karl (2018).
6393:"Reforestation Overview"
6317:Natural Resources Canada
6291:Natural Resources Canada
6265:Natural Resources Canada
6235:Natural Resources Canada
6231:"Indicator: Forest area"
6041:(1): 1–8. Archived from
4494:Harrell, Stevan (2023).
4455:National Geographic News
4081:Repairing the rainforest
3741:10.1088/1748-9326/ac9918
1625:Reforestation in Nigeria
1608:Reforestation in Nigeria
1355:climate change in Turkey
1211:and agricultural areas.
1161:Icelandic Forest Service
1035:in the next five years.
963:
928:
811:
542:plantations in southern
521:Forest genetic resources
506:in the United States or
12528:Intact forest landscape
12301:Deforestation by region
11780:Human–wildlife conflict
11664:Site-based conservation
11587:Conservation psychology
11405:Conservation of species
11313:Sustainable consumption
10654:Social ecology (ethics)
10441:Climate change scenario
10093:Disaster risk reduction
9745:Carbon emission trading
9555:U.S. insurance industry
9525:Civilizational collapse
9372:sea surface temperature
8944:Measuring and alignment
7728:Million Tree Initiative
4145:10.1126/science.1155458
3999:10.1186/1472-6785-11-29
3402:Biological Conservation
2910:Gorte, Ross W. (2009).
2546:10.1126/science.aam5962
2423:10.1126/science.aam5962
2300:10.1126/science.1155458
2229:10.1073/pnas.2220079120
1668:recipient, founded the
1546:
1357:. To help preserve the
1229:around the villages of
883:Tibet Autonomous Region
806:
257:restoration of the soil
242:pulp and paper industry
12606:Carbon dioxide removal
12462:Ecological engineering
11837:Species reintroduction
11496:Latent extinction risk
11256:Ecological engineering
11036:runaway climate change
10434:Research and modelling
10118:Nature-based solutions
9938:Nature-based solutions
9880:Carbon dioxide removal
9797:Fossil fuel divestment
9782:Climate risk insurance
9692:Small island countries
9303:Arctic sea ice decline
8150:Environment portal
7582:Sustainable management
7477:Trillion Tree Campaign
6937:"Trees for the Future"
6876:10.21750/REFOR.3.09.33
6029:Lund, H. Gyde (2014).
5891:. 106 B (3): 343–354.
5192:Philippine News Agency
4917:"About Us | Afforestt"
4411:10.1098/rstb.2021.0090
3570:10.1038/news.2009.1057
3463:10.1098/rstb.2010.0127
3447:"Competition for land"
3351:Plants, People, Planet
3168:Cite journal requires
3084:. DW News. 27 May 2019
3029:Royal Forestry Society
1735:Trillion Tree Campaign
1712:nature-based solutions
1622:
1538:environmental services
1531:environmental services
1466:
1444:Trillion Tree Campaign
1418:
1417:, Washington state, US
1397:
1359:biodiversity of Turkey
1337:to the United Nations
1186:, land use change and
1125:
897:Jane Goodall Institute
890:Trillion Tree Campaign
876:Champions of the Earth
455:
423:
311:
57:
41:
12543:List of global issues
12209:List of organisations
11863:Hawaiian honeycreeper
11803:Ecosystem restoration
11775:Habitat fragmentation
11770:Fortress conservation
11729:Marine protected area
11699:Conservation easement
11694:Conservation district
11659:Roadside conservation
11577:Conservation movement
11521:Species translocation
11461:Conservation genetics
11451:Conservation behavior
10639:List of global issues
10395:Earth's energy budget
10278:Background and theory
10166:Climate crisis (term)
9838:Fossil fuel phase-out
9732:Economics and finance
9697:by individual country
9639:By country and region
9614:Security and conflict
9609:Psychological impacts
9288:Abrupt climate change
9211:Charles David Keeling
9044:By country and region
8075:Wood process engineer
7779:Urban forest inequity
6035:Avrasya Terim Dergisi
5914:on 14 September 2018.
5534:"The Northern Forest"
5494:bundeswaldinventur.de
3247:International Affairs
1617:
1561:Amazon forest in the
1478:has been provided by
1457:
1412:
1388:
1312:Turkey's forest cover
1123:
508:Asia Pulp & Paper
453:
429:ecosystem restoration
421:
414:Ecosystem restoration
309:
47:
35:
12447:Conservation grazing
12171:Planetary boundaries
12161:Conservation officer
11765:Conservation refugee
11714:Habitat conservation
11704:Conservation reserve
11669:Wetland conservation
11567:Conservation grazing
11562:Conservation finance
11526:Conservation welfare
11491:In-situ conservation
11486:Extinction threshold
11481:Ex-situ conservation
11241:Community resilience
11041:in the United States
11009:Biodiversity threats
10682:cannabis cultivation
10649:Planetary boundaries
10615:Environmental issues
10605:Ecological footprint
10224:Glasgow Climate Pact
9885:Carbon sequestration
9450:Mass mortality event
8909:Cutting and abrasive
8891:WikiProject Forestry
7738:Shifting cultivation
7679:Forest fragmentation
7649:Carbon sequestration
7519:Woodland Carbon Code
7484:Forest certification
7392:Even-aged management
7307:Sustainable forestry
6458:World Economic Forum
6075:on 14 September 2018
6045:on 14 September 2018
5766:. FAO. 29 April 2016
5656:on 30 September 2018
5385:World Economic Forum
5229:on 19 September 2018
5166:World Economic Forum
4956:""One Tree My Duty""
4715:World Economic Forum
4371:www.businesswire.com
3130:World Economic Forum
1799:Mangrove restoration
1731:World Economic Forum
1691:Arbor Day Foundation
1652:Trees for the Future
1363:rangeland management
1135:Armenia Tree Project
1007:Billion Tree Tsunami
764:carbon sequestration
576:Financial incentives
488:Christmas tree farms
291:carbon sequestration
135:carbon sequestration
12601:Emissions reduction
12472:Flexible Mechanisms
12311:Mountaintop removal
11511:Nature conservation
11501:Marine conservation
11471:Conservation status
11303:Restoration ecology
11236:Climate engineering
11173:Ocean acidification
11163:Loss of green belts
11133:Holocene extinction
11128:Habitat destruction
10803:Environmental crime
10363:Climate sensitivity
10138:The Adaptation Fund
9594:Infectious diseases
9491:Social and economic
8434:Aerial firefighting
7543:Formally designated
7387:Ecological thinning
7297:Plantation forestry
7205:Research institutes
7078:on 10 December 2022
6523:2022InnGD...100006D
6397:U.S. Forest Service
6373:on 19 December 2018
5643:Forestry for People
5262:. 25 September 2020
5223:The Philippine Star
5198:on 11 November 2020
5050:on 8 September 2018
5018:on 8 September 2018
4833:2023FrFGC...629216Z
4746:on 24 February 2017
4684:The Pyongyang Times
4607:on 26 December 2018
4557:on 7 September 2018
4457:, 13 November 2006.
4373:. 21 September 2022
4327:2019Natur.568...25L
4197:2019Natur.572..520W
4127:2008Sci...320.1456C
4121:(5882): 1456–1457.
4046:on 11 November 2014
3990:2011BMCE...11...29A
3910:2019GEC....5701931M
3840:2020NatEE...4.1472E
3732:2022ERL....17k4019S
3609:2019TEcoE..34..963B
3515:2015PPEES..17..301C
3457:(1554): 2941–2957.
3414:2021BCons.26109224M
3205:2015JEnvM.155..162R
2863:2021NatSR..1119907L
2660:2019Natur.572..520W
2537:2017Sci...358..230B
2470:2020NatSD...7..112S
2415:2017Sci...358..230B
2282:2008Sci...320.1456C
2221:2023PNAS..12020079T
2215:(12): e2220079120.
2136:. Rome: FAO. 2018.
1956:2019ForEM.432..718E
1876:2015ForEM.352...57P
1787:Land rehabilitation
1670:Green Belt Movement
1413:Forest regrowth in
1243:The Northern Forest
1239:The National Forest
824:Green Wall of China
705:European Commission
700:Eucalyptus globulus
492:Forestry Commission
316:global carbon cycle
12358:Moisture recycling
11808:Island restoration
11739:Open space reserve
11531:Threatened species
11318:Waste minimization
11276:Mitigation banking
11271:Industrial ecology
11231:Cleaner production
11183:Resource depletion
10719:Corporate behavior
10677:animal agriculture
9934:(LULUCF and AFOLU)
9906:Forest management
9890:Direct air capture
9855:Sustainable energy
9812:Net zero emissions
9807:Low-carbon economy
9802:Green Climate Fund
9589:Indigenous peoples
9482:Plant biodiversity
9270:Effects and issues
8774:Hydraulic debarker
8749:Firewood processor
8136:Ecology portal
7669:Forest degradation
7664:Ecosystem services
7272:Community forestry
7047:The Southern Cross
6774:10.1111/anti.12230
6639:Intelligent Living
6567:MIT Climate Portal
6485:Intelligent Living
5682:. 22 February 2018
5621:on 26 January 2021
5387:. 6 September 2019
5076:on 2 February 2016
4691:on 27 January 2022
4255:The New York Times
3364:10.1002/ppp3.10329
3290:10.1079/AJAA200213
3106:. 11 February 2020
2851:Scientific Reports
2770:. 1 September 2012
2090:YaleEnvironment360
2062:. 1 September 2012
1772:Forest restoration
1623:
1574:Sub-Saharan Africa
1467:
1460:Vichada Department
1438:, after President
1419:
1398:
1126:
969:them by forestry.
639:ecosystem services
456:
440:Forest plantations
424:
330:. By removing the
312:
253:indigenous species
214:Harvesting of wood
85:harvesting of wood
58:
42:
12591:Forest management
12568:
12567:
12548:Natural landscape
12232:
12231:
12191:Soil conservation
11744:Wildlife corridor
11627:Forest protection
11622:Forest management
11371:
11370:
11193:Water degradation
11068:Ecological crisis
11014:biodiversity loss
10813:Industrialisation
10798:Genetic pollution
10644:Impact assessment
10552:
10551:
10490:
10489:
10486:
10485:
10425:Radiative forcing
10268:
10267:
10264:
10263:
10088:Adaptive capacity
9973:
9972:
9969:
9968:
9833:Energy transition
9709:
9708:
9705:
9704:
9419:Tropical cyclones
9345:Urban heat island
9259:
9258:
9171:
9170:
9167:
9166:
9132:Carbon accounting
9086:Greenhouse effect
9052:
9051:
8968:
8967:
8779:Log house moulder
8305:Tree planting bar
8280:Groasis Waterboxx
8207:
8206:
8164:Plants portal
7950:green woodworking
6682:978-3-642-54601-3
6613:978-3-642-54601-3
5927:Anatolian Studies
5565:. 26 October 2017
5460:978-3-030-99183-8
5305:My Forest Armenia
5141:www.aljazeera.com
5102:. 11 August 2017.
4921:www.afforestt.com
4801:978-1-009-04898-9
4290:. 31 October 2019
4191:(7770): 520–523.
4177:Mack, Michelle C.
4090:978-1-921591-66-2
3834:(11): 1472–1476.
3053:on 6 January 2010
2961:978-92-861-5403-4
2719:. 31 October 2019
2654:(7770): 520–523.
2640:Mack, Michelle C.
2531:(6360): 230–234.
2409:(6360): 230–234.
2349:978-92-5-132581-0
2189:978-1-312-93975-2
2114:. In IPCC, 2022:
2112:Annex I: Glossary
1921:978-92-5-109283-5
1910:FAO, ed. (2016).
1666:Nobel Peace Prize
1310:aims to increase
1145:My Forest Armenia
986:Ramsar site today
954:Ek Kadam Sansthan
925:period in China.
713:biodiversity loss
692:Biodiversity loss
620:
619:
369:biodiversity loss
343:
224:Forest management
120:biodiversity loss
25:Forest management
12613:
12511:Related articles
12333:
12259:
12252:
12245:
12236:
12235:
12222:
12221:
12106:Papua New Guinea
11998:Cryopreservation
11963:Gray nurse shark
11617:Flagship species
11441:Captive breeding
11398:
11391:
11384:
11375:
11374:
11346:
11345:
11335:
11334:
11168:Phosphorus cycle
11148:Land consumption
11143:Land degradation
11118:Freshwater cycle
10917:Overexploitation
10890:marine pollution
10697:cocoa production
10579:
10572:
10565:
10556:
10555:
10540:
10539:
10528:
10527:
10516:
10515:
10505:
10504:
10503:
10468:Paleoclimatology
10285:
10284:
10274:
10273:
10035:Ecological grief
10018:Climate movement
9993:
9992:
9979:
9978:
9959:Plant-based diet
9850:Renewable energy
9728:
9727:
9715:
9714:
9550:Economic impacts
9472:Invasive species
9328:Coastal flooding
9278:
9277:
9265:
9264:
9201:Svante Arrhenius
9177:
9176:
9147:from agriculture
9137:Carbon footprint
9122:Greenhouse gases
9071:
9070:
9058:
9057:
9010:
9009:
8995:
8988:
8981:
8972:
8971:
8889:
8888:
8867:
8866:
8845:
8844:
8824:Wood-drying kiln
8759:Forestry mulcher
8709:Washington Winch
8611:Portable sawmill
8426:Fire suppression
8329:
8234:
8227:
8220:
8211:
8210:
8197:
8196:
8187:
8186:
8178:Trees portal
8176:
8175:
8162:
8161:
8148:
8147:
8134:
8133:
8132:
8120:
8119:
8118:
8106:
8105:
8104:
8091:
8090:
7812:Forest gardening
7769:Timber recycling
7716:Invasive species
7604:Tree measurement
7165:
7158:
7151:
7142:
7141:
7135:
7134:
7132:
7124:
7118:
7117:
7115:
7113:
7108:on 27 April 2019
7094:
7088:
7087:
7085:
7083:
7077:
7065:
7059:
7058:
7056:
7054:
7039:
7033:
7032:
7030:
7028:
7017:"Trees For Life"
7013:
7007:
7006:
7004:
7002:
6987:
6981:
6980:
6969:
6963:
6962:
6951:
6945:
6944:
6943:on 13 June 2010.
6939:. Archived from
6933:
6927:
6926:
6924:
6922:
6907:
6901:
6894:
6888:
6878:
6854:
6839:
6838:
6836:
6834:
6822:
6816:
6815:
6803:
6797:
6796:
6784:
6778:
6777:
6753:
6742:
6741:
6730:
6724:
6723:
6721:
6719:
6714:on 10 March 2018
6710:. Archived from
6699:
6693:
6692:
6691:
6689:
6656:
6650:
6649:
6647:
6645:
6630:
6624:
6623:
6622:
6620:
6587:
6578:
6577:
6575:
6573:
6559:
6553:
6552:
6534:
6502:
6496:
6495:
6493:
6491:
6476:
6470:
6469:
6467:
6465:
6450:
6444:
6437:
6431:
6430:
6428:
6426:
6414:
6408:
6407:
6405:
6403:
6389:
6383:
6382:
6380:
6378:
6372:
6365:
6357:
6351:
6350:
6348:
6346:
6335:
6329:
6328:
6326:
6324:
6309:
6303:
6302:
6300:
6298:
6283:
6277:
6276:
6274:
6272:
6257:
6251:
6250:
6248:
6246:
6241:on 3 August 2016
6227:
6221:
6220:
6218:
6216:
6193:
6187:
6186:
6170:
6164:
6163:
6161:
6159:
6148:
6142:
6136:
6127:
6126:
6120:
6112:
6106:
6105:
6099:
6091:
6085:
6084:
6082:
6080:
6071:. Archived from
6065:"Turkey Forests"
6061:
6055:
6054:
6052:
6050:
6026:
6020:
6019:
6008:
6002:
6001:
5965:
5959:
5958:
5922:
5916:
5915:
5913:
5907:. Archived from
5886:
5877:
5868:
5867:
5866:. 21 March 2018.
5856:
5850:
5849:
5847:
5845:
5830:
5824:
5823:
5821:
5819:
5808:
5802:
5801:
5799:
5797:
5782:
5776:
5775:
5773:
5771:
5760:
5754:
5753:
5751:
5749:
5743:
5737:. Archived from
5736:
5728:
5722:
5721:
5719:
5717:
5712:on 17 March 2018
5708:. Archived from
5698:
5692:
5691:
5689:
5687:
5672:
5666:
5665:
5663:
5661:
5655:
5648:
5637:
5631:
5630:
5628:
5626:
5617:. Archived from
5607:
5601:
5600:
5598:
5596:
5581:
5575:
5574:
5572:
5570:
5555:
5549:
5548:
5546:
5544:
5530:
5524:
5523:
5521:
5519:
5504:
5498:
5497:
5486:
5480:
5479:
5477:
5475:
5436:
5423:
5422:
5420:
5418:
5403:
5397:
5396:
5394:
5392:
5377:
5371:
5370:
5368:
5366:
5354:
5348:
5347:
5336:
5330:
5329:
5322:
5316:
5315:
5313:
5311:
5297:
5291:
5290:
5278:
5272:
5271:
5269:
5267:
5252:
5239:
5238:
5236:
5234:
5225:. Archived from
5214:
5208:
5207:
5205:
5203:
5184:
5178:
5177:
5175:
5173:
5158:
5152:
5151:
5149:
5147:
5133:
5127:
5126:
5124:
5122:
5110:
5104:
5103:
5092:
5086:
5085:
5083:
5081:
5072:. Archived from
5066:
5060:
5059:
5057:
5055:
5049:
5042:
5034:
5028:
5027:
5025:
5023:
5017:
5010:
5002:
4996:
4995:
4993:
4991:
4985:
4978:
4970:
4964:
4963:
4952:
4946:
4945:
4938:
4932:
4931:
4929:
4927:
4913:
4907:
4906:
4895:
4889:
4888:
4886:
4884:
4861:
4855:
4854:
4844:
4812:
4806:
4805:
4783:
4774:
4773:
4762:
4756:
4755:
4753:
4751:
4742:. Archived from
4740:jgi-shanghai.org
4732:
4726:
4725:
4723:
4721:
4707:
4701:
4700:
4698:
4696:
4687:. Archived from
4675:
4669:
4668:
4666:
4664:
4649:
4643:
4642:
4640:
4638:
4623:
4617:
4616:
4614:
4612:
4596:
4590:
4589:
4587:
4585:
4576:Chow, Lorraine.
4573:
4567:
4566:
4564:
4562:
4546:
4540:
4539:
4537:
4535:
4526:. Archived from
4520:
4514:
4513:
4491:
4474:
4464:
4458:
4447:
4441:
4440:
4430:
4389:
4383:
4382:
4380:
4378:
4363:
4357:
4356:
4338:
4306:
4300:
4299:
4297:
4295:
4280:
4274:
4273:
4271:
4269:
4246:
4240:
4239:
4237:
4235:
4171:
4165:
4164:
4138:
4112:
4103:
4094:
4093:
4076:
4070:
4069:
4063:
4055:
4053:
4051:
4042:. Archived from
4036:
4030:
4029:
4019:
4001:
3969:
3963:
3962:
3960:
3958:
3944:
3938:
3937:
3889:
3883:
3882:
3880:
3878:
3819:
3813:
3812:
3810:
3808:
3803:. 25 August 2020
3793:
3787:
3786:
3784:
3782:
3768:
3762:
3761:
3743:
3710:
3704:
3703:
3701:
3699:
3684:
3673:
3672:
3670:
3668:
3662:The Wire Science
3653:
3647:
3646:
3628:
3588:
3582:
3581:
3553:
3547:
3546:
3536:
3526:
3494:
3485:
3484:
3474:
3442:
3436:
3435:
3425:
3393:
3387:
3386:
3376:
3366:
3342:
3336:
3335:
3333:
3331:
3316:
3310:
3309:
3269:
3263:
3262:
3242:
3233:
3232:
3184:
3178:
3177:
3171:
3166:
3164:
3156:
3148:
3142:
3141:
3139:
3137:
3122:
3116:
3115:
3113:
3111:
3100:
3094:
3093:
3091:
3089:
3069:
3063:
3062:
3060:
3058:
3039:
3033:
3032:
3016:
3010:
3009:
3007:
2998:
2992:
2991:
2989:
2987:
2972:
2966:
2965:
2945:
2936:
2935:
2933:
2931:
2925:
2918:
2907:
2901:
2900:
2890:
2842:
2836:
2835:
2833:
2831:
2811:
2805:
2804:
2802:
2800:
2786:
2780:
2779:
2777:
2775:
2760:
2754:
2753:
2751:
2749:
2735:
2729:
2728:
2726:
2724:
2709:
2703:
2702:
2700:
2698:
2634:
2628:
2627:
2625:
2623:
2609:
2603:
2602:
2600:
2598:
2578:(4 March 2020).
2572:
2566:
2565:
2563:
2561:
2548:
2514:
2508:
2507:
2497:
2449:
2443:
2442:
2394:
2388:
2385:
2379:
2368:
2362:
2361:
2340:10.4060/ca8753en
2326:
2320:
2319:
2293:
2276:(5882): 1456–7.
2265:
2259:
2258:
2248:
2200:
2194:
2193:
2173:
2167:
2166:
2164:
2162:
2151:
2145:
2144:
2142:
2135:
2125:
2119:
2108:
2102:
2101:
2099:
2097:
2081:
2072:
2071:
2069:
2067:
2052:
2043:
2042:
2040:
2038:
2032:The Conversation
2023:
2014:
2013:
2011:
2009:
1995:
1986:
1985:
1975:
1935:
1926:
1925:
1907:
1898:
1897:
1887:
1855:
1846:
1845:
1843:
1841:
1827:
1793:Land restoration
1777:
1766:
1761:
1760:
1436:Republican Party
1365:is also needed.
1314:to 30% by 2023.
1184:renewable energy
1106:Nutrient cycling
1033:10 billion trees
919:Great Green Wall
908:mining companies
717:soil degradation
615:
612:
606:
594:
593:
586:
396:
395:
394:
373:soil degradation
339:
150:Great Green Wall
139:tropical forests
101:tree plantations
56:, United States.
12621:
12620:
12616:
12615:
12614:
12612:
12611:
12610:
12571:
12570:
12569:
12564:
12506:
12452:Desert greening
12422:
12340:Desertification
12334:
12325:
12306:Illegal logging
12272:
12270:desertification
12263:
12233:
12228:
12195:
12149:
12004:
11922:Indian elephant
11841:
11784:
11753:
11749:30 by 30 target
11680:
11673:
11649:Riparian buffer
11540:
11427:
11420:
11407:
11402:
11372:
11367:
11322:
11281:Organic farming
11207:
11198:Water pollution
11178:Ozone depletion
11158:Loss and damage
11058:Desertification
10995:
10907:Overconsumption
10828:cleaning agents
10729:Energy industry
10692:meat production
10658:
10588:
10583:
10553:
10548:
10501:
10499:
10482:
10429:
10420:Orbital forcing
10314:
10279:
10260:
10234:Paris Agreement
10212:
10208:Warming stripes
10147:
10113:Managed retreat
10108:Loss and damage
10069:
10003:Business action
9987:
9965:
9942:
9865:
9859:
9816:
9777:Climate finance
9722:
9701:
9633:
9486:
9462:Extinction risk
9438:Flora and fauna
9433:
9394:Permafrost thaw
9389:Ozone depletion
9318:Extreme weather
9272:
9255:
9182:
9163:
9100:
9065:
9048:
9015:
9004:
8999:
8969:
8964:
8963:
8833:
8732:
8630:
8579:safety features
8574:safety clothing
8545:
8486:
8420:
8384:Increment borer
8330:
8321:
8259:
8250:
8238:
8208:
8203:
8170:
8156:
8142:
8130:
8128:
8116:
8114:
8102:
8100:
8079:
7956:
7933:spruce-pine-fir
7906:Christmas trees
7788:
7704:Illegal logging
7636:
7630:
7345:Controlled burn
7330:
7321:
7302:Social forestry
7282:Energy forestry
7262:Bamboo forestry
7257:Analog forestry
7231:
7174:
7169:
7139:
7138:
7130:
7126:
7125:
7121:
7111:
7109:
7096:
7095:
7091:
7081:
7079:
7066:
7062:
7052:
7050:
7041:
7040:
7036:
7026:
7024:
7023:on 4 March 2021
7015:
7014:
7010:
7000:
6998:
6988:
6984:
6971:
6970:
6966:
6953:
6952:
6948:
6935:
6934:
6930:
6920:
6918:
6908:
6904:
6855:
6842:
6832:
6830:
6823:
6819:
6804:
6800:
6785:
6781:
6754:
6745:
6732:
6731:
6727:
6717:
6715:
6700:
6696:
6687:
6685:
6683:
6657:
6653:
6643:
6641:
6631:
6627:
6618:
6616:
6614:
6588:
6581:
6571:
6569:
6561:
6560:
6556:
6503:
6499:
6489:
6487:
6477:
6473:
6463:
6461:
6452:
6451:
6447:
6438:
6434:
6424:
6422:
6415:
6411:
6401:
6399:
6391:
6390:
6386:
6376:
6374:
6370:
6363:
6359:
6358:
6354:
6344:
6342:
6337:
6336:
6332:
6322:
6320:
6311:
6310:
6306:
6296:
6294:
6285:
6284:
6280:
6270:
6268:
6259:
6258:
6254:
6244:
6242:
6229:
6228:
6224:
6214:
6212:
6194:
6190:
6171:
6167:
6157:
6155:
6150:
6149:
6145:
6137:
6130:
6118:
6114:
6113:
6109:
6097:
6093:
6092:
6088:
6078:
6076:
6063:
6062:
6058:
6048:
6046:
6027:
6023:
6010:
6009:
6005:
5966:
5962:
5939:10.2307/3642603
5923:
5919:
5911:
5884:
5878:
5871:
5858:
5857:
5853:
5843:
5841:
5832:
5831:
5827:
5817:
5815:
5810:
5809:
5805:
5795:
5793:
5784:
5783:
5779:
5769:
5767:
5762:
5761:
5757:
5747:
5745:
5741:
5734:
5730:
5729:
5725:
5715:
5713:
5700:
5699:
5695:
5685:
5683:
5680:AllCreation.org
5674:
5673:
5669:
5659:
5657:
5653:
5646:
5638:
5634:
5624:
5622:
5609:
5608:
5604:
5594:
5592:
5583:
5582:
5578:
5568:
5566:
5557:
5556:
5552:
5542:
5540:
5532:
5531:
5527:
5517:
5515:
5514:. 6 August 2016
5506:
5505:
5501:
5488:
5487:
5483:
5473:
5471:
5461:
5437:
5426:
5416:
5414:
5412:The Irish Times
5404:
5400:
5390:
5388:
5379:
5378:
5374:
5364:
5362:
5355:
5351:
5338:
5337:
5333:
5328:. 6 April 2018.
5324:
5323:
5319:
5309:
5307:
5299:
5298:
5294:
5279:
5275:
5265:
5263:
5254:
5253:
5242:
5232:
5230:
5215:
5211:
5201:
5199:
5186:
5185:
5181:
5171:
5169:
5168:. 30 April 2020
5160:
5159:
5155:
5145:
5143:
5135:
5134:
5130:
5120:
5118:
5111:
5107:
5094:
5093:
5089:
5079:
5077:
5070:"日光 足尾 体験植樹 案内"
5068:
5067:
5063:
5053:
5051:
5047:
5040:
5036:
5035:
5031:
5021:
5019:
5015:
5008:
5004:
5003:
4999:
4989:
4987:
4986:on 12 July 2018
4983:
4976:
4972:
4971:
4967:
4960:www.ekkadam.org
4954:
4953:
4949:
4944:. 11 July 2014.
4940:
4939:
4935:
4925:
4923:
4915:
4914:
4910:
4897:
4896:
4892:
4882:
4880:
4862:
4858:
4813:
4809:
4802:
4784:
4777:
4764:
4763:
4759:
4749:
4747:
4734:
4733:
4729:
4719:
4717:
4709:
4708:
4704:
4694:
4692:
4677:
4676:
4672:
4662:
4660:
4659:on 28 July 2019
4651:
4650:
4646:
4636:
4634:
4633:on 19 July 2019
4625:
4624:
4620:
4610:
4608:
4597:
4593:
4583:
4581:
4574:
4570:
4560:
4558:
4547:
4543:
4533:
4531:
4530:on 2 April 2015
4522:
4521:
4517:
4510:
4492:
4477:
4465:
4461:
4448:
4444:
4390:
4386:
4376:
4374:
4365:
4364:
4360:
4321:(7750): 25–28.
4307:
4303:
4293:
4291:
4282:
4281:
4277:
4267:
4265:
4247:
4243:
4233:
4231:
4179:(August 2019).
4172:
4168:
4136:10.1.1.573.5230
4110:
4104:
4097:
4091:
4077:
4073:
4057:
4056:
4049:
4047:
4040:"Archived copy"
4038:
4037:
4033:
3970:
3966:
3956:
3954:
3946:
3945:
3941:
3890:
3886:
3876:
3874:
3820:
3816:
3806:
3804:
3795:
3794:
3790:
3780:
3778:
3770:
3769:
3765:
3711:
3707:
3697:
3695:
3685:
3676:
3666:
3664:
3654:
3650:
3603:(11): 963–965.
3589:
3585:
3554:
3550:
3495:
3488:
3443:
3439:
3394:
3390:
3343:
3339:
3329:
3327:
3317:
3313:
3270:
3266:
3243:
3236:
3185:
3181:
3169:
3167:
3158:
3157:
3149:
3145:
3135:
3133:
3124:
3123:
3119:
3109:
3107:
3102:
3101:
3097:
3087:
3085:
3080:
3077:Wayback Machine
3070:
3066:
3056:
3054:
3041:
3040:
3036:
3017:
3013:
3005:
2999:
2995:
2985:
2983:
2973:
2969:
2962:
2946:
2939:
2929:
2927:
2923:
2916:
2908:
2904:
2843:
2839:
2829:
2827:
2812:
2808:
2798:
2796:
2788:
2787:
2783:
2773:
2771:
2762:
2761:
2757:
2747:
2745:
2737:
2736:
2732:
2722:
2720:
2711:
2710:
2706:
2696:
2694:
2642:(August 2019).
2635:
2631:
2621:
2619:
2611:
2610:
2606:
2596:
2594:
2573:
2569:
2559:
2557:
2524:Sciencenews.org
2515:
2511:
2458:Scientific Data
2450:
2446:
2395:
2391:
2386:
2382:
2369:
2365:
2350:
2328:
2327:
2323:
2291:10.1.1.573.5230
2266:
2262:
2201:
2197:
2190:
2174:
2170:
2160:
2158:
2153:
2152:
2148:
2140:
2133:
2127:
2126:
2122:
2109:
2105:
2095:
2093:
2082:
2075:
2065:
2063:
2054:
2053:
2046:
2036:
2034:
2024:
2017:
2007:
2005:
1997:
1996:
1989:
1936:
1929:
1922:
1908:
1901:
1856:
1849:
1839:
1837:
1829:
1828:
1819:
1814:
1775:
1762:
1755:
1752:
1725:
1662:Wangari Maathai
1642:
1637:
1636:
1633:forest products
1611:
1603:
1576:
1558:illegal logging
1549:
1494:
1488:
1472:
1452:
1407:
1383:
1378:
1323:flora of Turkey
1304:
1275:
1262:
1256:
1251:
1223:
1217:
1200:
1169:
1153:
1131:
1118:
1081:
1064:
1003:
966:
931:
820:
814:
809:
804:
794:
776:
748:insect outbreak
740:
694:
662:
653:
647:
616:
610:
607:
604:
595:
591:
584:
578:
553:
548:
547:
512:Christmas trees
510:in Indonesia).
471:
468:Tree plantation
442:
437:
416:
411:
410:
393:
390:
389:
388:
386:
342:
303:
283:
277:
230:
228:Tree plantation
216:
211:
168:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
12619:
12609:
12608:
12603:
12598:
12593:
12588:
12583:
12566:
12565:
12563:
12562:
12557:
12550:
12545:
12540:
12535:
12530:
12525:
12520:
12514:
12512:
12508:
12507:
12505:
12504:
12499:
12494:
12489:
12484:
12479:
12474:
12469:
12464:
12459:
12454:
12449:
12444:
12439:
12436:
12430:
12428:
12424:
12423:
12421:
12420:
12419:
12418:
12413:
12408:
12403:
12398:
12393:
12388:
12383:
12378:
12370:
12368:Water scarcity
12365:
12360:
12355:
12350:
12344:
12342:
12336:
12335:
12328:
12326:
12324:
12323:
12321:Slash-and-char
12318:
12316:Slash-and-burn
12313:
12308:
12303:
12298:
12293:
12288:
12282:
12280:
12274:
12273:
12262:
12261:
12254:
12247:
12239:
12230:
12229:
12227:
12226:
12216:
12214:List of people
12211:
12206:
12200:
12197:
12196:
12194:
12193:
12188:
12183:
12178:
12173:
12168:
12163:
12157:
12155:
12151:
12150:
12148:
12147:
12146:
12145:
12135:
12134:
12133:
12126:United Kingdom
12123:
12118:
12113:
12108:
12103:
12098:
12093:
12088:
12083:
12078:
12073:
12068:
12063:
12058:
12053:
12048:
12043:
12038:
12033:
12028:
12023:
12018:
12012:
12010:
12006:
12005:
12003:
12002:
12001:
12000:
11995:
11987:
11986:
11985:
11980:
11975:
11973:Painted turtle
11970:
11965:
11960:
11950:
11949:
11948:
11943:
11942:
11941:
11931:
11926:
11925:
11924:
11914:
11909:
11908:
11907:
11897:
11892:
11890:American bison
11884:
11879:
11878:
11877:
11876:
11875:
11865:
11855:
11849:
11847:
11843:
11842:
11840:
11839:
11834:
11833:
11832:
11822:
11821:
11820:
11810:
11805:
11800:
11794:
11792:
11786:
11785:
11783:
11782:
11777:
11772:
11767:
11761:
11759:
11755:
11754:
11752:
11751:
11746:
11741:
11736:
11731:
11726:
11721:
11716:
11711:
11706:
11701:
11696:
11691:
11685:
11683:
11675:
11674:
11672:
11671:
11666:
11661:
11656:
11651:
11646:
11641:
11636:
11635:
11634:
11629:
11619:
11614:
11609:
11604:
11599:
11594:
11589:
11584:
11579:
11574:
11569:
11564:
11559:
11554:
11548:
11546:
11542:
11541:
11539:
11538:
11533:
11528:
11523:
11518:
11513:
11508:
11503:
11498:
11493:
11488:
11483:
11478:
11473:
11468:
11463:
11458:
11453:
11448:
11443:
11438:
11432:
11430:
11422:
11421:
11419:
11418:
11412:
11409:
11408:
11401:
11400:
11393:
11386:
11378:
11369:
11368:
11366:
11365:
11360:
11355:
11350:
11339:
11327:
11324:
11323:
11321:
11320:
11315:
11310:
11308:Sustainability
11305:
11300:
11299:
11298:
11288:
11283:
11278:
11273:
11268:
11263:
11258:
11253:
11248:
11243:
11238:
11233:
11228:
11223:
11217:
11215:
11209:
11208:
11206:
11205:
11203:Water scarcity
11200:
11195:
11190:
11185:
11180:
11175:
11170:
11165:
11160:
11155:
11150:
11145:
11140:
11138:Nitrogen cycle
11135:
11130:
11125:
11120:
11115:
11110:
11105:
11103:Forest dieback
11100:
11095:
11090:
11085:
11080:
11075:
11070:
11065:
11060:
11055:
11050:
11045:
11044:
11043:
11038:
11031:Climate change
11028:
11027:
11026:
11021:
11016:
11005:
11003:
10997:
10996:
10994:
10993:
10988:
10987:
10986:
10976:
10975:
10974:
10969:
10964:
10959:
10949:
10944:
10939:
10934:
10929:
10924:
10919:
10914:
10909:
10904:
10899:
10898:
10897:
10892:
10887:
10882:
10872:
10871:
10870:
10865:
10860:
10855:
10850:
10848:nanotechnology
10845:
10840:
10835:
10830:
10820:
10815:
10810:
10805:
10800:
10795:
10794:
10793:
10788:
10783:
10778:
10773:
10768:
10763:
10753:
10752:
10751:
10746:
10741:
10736:
10726:
10721:
10716:
10711:
10710:
10709:
10704:
10699:
10694:
10689:
10684:
10679:
10668:
10666:
10660:
10659:
10657:
10656:
10651:
10646:
10641:
10636:
10635:
10634:
10632:on marine life
10624:
10623:
10622:
10620:list of issues
10612:
10607:
10602:
10596:
10594:
10590:
10589:
10582:
10581:
10574:
10567:
10559:
10550:
10549:
10547:
10546:
10534:
10522:
10510:
10495:
10492:
10491:
10488:
10487:
10484:
10483:
10481:
10480:
10475:
10470:
10465:
10464:
10463:
10453:
10448:
10443:
10437:
10435:
10431:
10430:
10428:
10427:
10422:
10417:
10412:
10407:
10402:
10397:
10392:
10387:
10386:
10385:
10375:
10373:Cloud feedback
10370:
10365:
10360:
10355:
10354:
10353:
10348:
10343:
10338:
10328:
10322:
10320:
10316:
10315:
10313:
10312:
10307:
10302:
10297:
10291:
10289:
10281:
10280:
10270:
10269:
10266:
10265:
10262:
10261:
10259:
10258:
10253:
10248:
10247:
10246:
10241:
10231:
10229:Kyoto Protocol
10226:
10220:
10218:
10214:
10213:
10211:
10210:
10205:
10204:
10203:
10198:
10193:
10183:
10181:Media coverage
10178:
10173:
10171:Climate spiral
10168:
10163:
10157:
10155:
10149:
10148:
10146:
10145:
10140:
10135:
10130:
10125:
10120:
10115:
10110:
10105:
10100:
10095:
10090:
10085:
10079:
10077:
10071:
10070:
10068:
10067:
10062:
10060:Public opinion
10057:
10052:
10047:
10042:
10037:
10032:
10027:
10026:
10025:
10015:
10010:
10008:Climate action
10005:
9999:
9997:
9989:
9988:
9975:
9974:
9971:
9970:
9967:
9966:
9964:
9963:
9962:
9961:
9950:
9948:
9944:
9943:
9941:
9940:
9935:
9929:
9928:
9927:
9922:
9920:REDD and REDD+
9917:
9912:
9904:
9899:
9897:Carbon farming
9894:
9893:
9892:
9887:
9877:
9871:
9869:
9861:
9860:
9858:
9857:
9852:
9847:
9842:
9841:
9840:
9830:
9824:
9822:
9818:
9817:
9815:
9814:
9809:
9804:
9799:
9794:
9789:
9784:
9779:
9774:
9769:
9764:
9759:
9758:
9757:
9747:
9742:
9736:
9734:
9724:
9723:
9711:
9710:
9707:
9706:
9703:
9702:
9700:
9699:
9694:
9689:
9684:
9679:
9674:
9669:
9664:
9659:
9654:
9649:
9643:
9641:
9635:
9634:
9632:
9631:
9629:Water security
9626:
9624:Water scarcity
9621:
9619:Urban flooding
9616:
9611:
9606:
9601:
9596:
9591:
9586:
9581:
9580:
9579:
9569:
9564:
9559:
9558:
9557:
9547:
9542:
9537:
9532:
9527:
9522:
9517:
9512:
9511:
9510:
9505:
9494:
9492:
9488:
9487:
9485:
9484:
9479:
9474:
9469:
9467:Forest dieback
9464:
9459:
9454:
9453:
9452:
9441:
9439:
9435:
9434:
9432:
9431:
9426:
9421:
9416:
9411:
9406:
9404:Sea level rise
9401:
9396:
9391:
9386:
9385:
9384:
9379:
9377:stratification
9374:
9369:
9364:
9359:
9349:
9348:
9347:
9342:
9332:
9331:
9330:
9320:
9315:
9310:
9305:
9300:
9295:
9290:
9284:
9282:
9274:
9273:
9261:
9260:
9257:
9256:
9254:
9253:
9252:
9251:
9246:
9241:
9236:
9231:
9226:
9218:
9213:
9208:
9203:
9198:
9193:
9187:
9184:
9183:
9173:
9172:
9169:
9168:
9165:
9164:
9162:
9161:
9156:
9155:
9154:
9149:
9144:
9142:Carbon leakage
9139:
9134:
9124:
9119:
9114:
9108:
9106:
9102:
9101:
9099:
9098:
9093:
9083:
9081:Climate system
9077:
9075:
9067:
9066:
9054:
9053:
9050:
9049:
9047:
9046:
9041:
9036:
9031:
9026:
9020:
9017:
9016:
9006:
9005:
9002:Climate change
8998:
8997:
8990:
8983:
8975:
8966:
8965:
8962:
8961:
8956:
8951:
8946:
8941:
8936:
8931:
8926:
8921:
8916:
8911:
8906:
8901:
8899:Types of tools
8895:
8894:
8893:
8883:
8882:
8881:
8876:
8861:
8860:
8859:
8854:
8838:
8835:
8834:
8832:
8831:
8826:
8821:
8816:
8811:
8806:
8801:
8796:
8791:
8786:
8781:
8776:
8771:
8766:
8761:
8756:
8754:Forest railway
8751:
8746:
8740:
8738:
8734:
8733:
8731:
8730:
8729:
8728:
8718:
8713:
8712:
8711:
8701:
8696:
8691:
8686:
8681:
8676:
8671:
8666:
8661:
8656:
8651:
8649:Feller buncher
8646:
8640:
8638:
8632:
8631:
8629:
8628:
8623:
8618:
8613:
8608:
8603:
8598:
8593:
8588:
8583:
8582:
8581:
8576:
8566:
8561:
8555:
8553:
8547:
8546:
8544:
8543:
8541:Splitting maul
8538:
8533:
8528:
8523:
8518:
8512:
8507:
8502:
8496:
8494:
8488:
8487:
8485:
8484:
8479:
8473:
8468:
8466:Fire retardant
8463:
8458:
8453:
8448:
8447:
8446:
8441:
8430:
8428:
8422:
8421:
8419:
8418:
8413:
8408:
8403:
8398:
8397:
8396:
8386:
8381:
8376:
8371:
8366:
8361:
8356:
8354:Biltmore stick
8351:
8346:
8340:
8338:
8332:
8331:
8324:
8322:
8320:
8319:
8314:
8308:
8302:
8297:
8292:
8287:
8282:
8277:
8271:
8265:
8263:
8252:
8251:
8237:
8236:
8229:
8222:
8214:
8205:
8204:
8202:
8201:
8191:
8181:
8167:
8153:
8139:
8125:
8111:
8097:
8084:
8081:
8080:
8078:
8077:
8072:
8067:
8065:Timber cruiser
8062:
8060:Shingle weaver
8057:
8052:
8047:
8042:
8037:
8032:
8027:
8022:
8021:
8020:
8015:
8010:
8005:
7995:
7990:
7985:
7980:
7975:
7970:
7964:
7962:
7958:
7957:
7955:
7954:
7953:
7952:
7942:
7941:
7940:
7935:
7930:
7925:
7920:
7910:
7909:
7908:
7898:
7896:Rail transport
7893:
7892:
7891:
7886:
7881:
7876:
7871:
7866:
7861:
7856:
7846:
7845:
7844:
7839:
7837:pulp and paper
7834:
7829:
7819:
7814:
7809:
7807:Forest farming
7804:
7798:
7796:
7790:
7789:
7787:
7786:
7781:
7776:
7771:
7766:
7765:
7764:
7757:
7755:slash-and-char
7752:
7750:slash-and-burn
7747:
7735:
7730:
7725:
7724:
7723:
7713:
7712:
7711:
7701:
7696:
7691:
7686:
7681:
7676:
7674:Forest dieback
7671:
7666:
7661:
7656:
7651:
7646:
7640:
7638:
7632:
7631:
7629:
7628:
7627:
7626:
7621:
7616:
7611:
7601:
7600:
7599:
7594:
7584:
7579:
7574:
7573:
7572:
7562:
7561:
7560:
7550:
7545:
7540:
7539:
7538:
7533:
7523:
7522:
7521:
7516:
7511:
7506:
7501:
7496:
7491:
7481:
7480:
7479:
7474:
7469:
7464:
7459:
7454:
7449:
7444:
7439:
7434:
7429:
7424:
7419:
7414:
7409:
7399:
7394:
7389:
7384:
7379:
7378:
7377:
7372:
7367:
7362:
7357:
7347:
7342:
7336:
7334:
7323:
7322:
7320:
7319:
7317:Urban forestry
7314:
7309:
7304:
7299:
7294:
7289:
7284:
7279:
7274:
7269:
7264:
7259:
7254:
7253:
7252:
7239:
7237:
7233:
7232:
7230:
7229:
7222:
7215:
7208:
7201:
7194:
7187:
7179:
7176:
7175:
7168:
7167:
7160:
7153:
7145:
7137:
7136:
7119:
7089:
7060:
7049:. 19 July 2021
7034:
7008:
6982:
6964:
6946:
6928:
6902:
6869:(3): 105–115.
6840:
6817:
6798:
6779:
6768:(4): 956–976.
6743:
6740:. August 2020.
6725:
6694:
6681:
6651:
6625:
6612:
6579:
6554:
6497:
6471:
6460:. 13 June 2019
6445:
6432:
6409:
6384:
6352:
6330:
6304:
6278:
6252:
6222:
6188:
6165:
6143:
6128:
6107:
6086:
6056:
6021:
6003:
5960:
5917:
5869:
5851:
5840:on 26 May 2018
5825:
5803:
5792:on 26 May 2018
5777:
5755:
5744:on 26 May 2018
5723:
5693:
5667:
5632:
5615:Woodland Trust
5602:
5591:. 13 June 2019
5576:
5550:
5538:Woodland Trust
5525:
5499:
5481:
5459:
5424:
5398:
5372:
5349:
5331:
5317:
5292:
5273:
5240:
5209:
5179:
5153:
5128:
5105:
5087:
5061:
5029:
4997:
4965:
4947:
4933:
4908:
4905:. 4 July 2017.
4890:
4856:
4807:
4800:
4775:
4757:
4727:
4702:
4670:
4644:
4618:
4591:
4568:
4541:
4515:
4508:
4475:
4459:
4442:
4384:
4358:
4301:
4275:
4241:
4166:
4095:
4089:
4071:
4031:
3964:
3948:"Press corner"
3939:
3884:
3814:
3788:
3763:
3726:(11): 114019.
3705:
3674:
3648:
3583:
3548:
3509:(4): 301–317.
3486:
3437:
3388:
3337:
3311:
3284:(3): 116–124.
3264:
3253:(5): 861–879.
3234:
3179:
3170:|journal=
3143:
3132:. 15 July 2021
3117:
3095:
3064:
3034:
3011:
2993:
2967:
2960:
2937:
2902:
2837:
2806:
2781:
2755:
2730:
2704:
2629:
2613:"Press corner"
2604:
2567:
2509:
2444:
2389:
2380:
2363:
2348:
2321:
2260:
2195:
2188:
2168:
2146:
2120:
2103:
2073:
2044:
2015:
1987:
1927:
1920:
1899:
1847:
1816:
1815:
1813:
1810:
1809:
1808:
1802:
1796:
1790:
1784:
1778:
1768:
1767:
1751:
1748:
1747:
1746:
1738:
1727:
1723:
1708:carbon offsets
1704:
1697:Trees For Life
1694:
1673:
1659:
1655:
1649:
1641:
1638:
1612:
1604:
1602:
1599:
1575:
1572:
1548:
1545:
1512:carbon dioxide
1501:sustainability
1490:Main article:
1487:
1484:
1480:Oxfam Intermón
1471:
1468:
1451:
1448:
1406:
1403:
1382:
1379:
1377:
1374:
1344:The amount of
1303:
1300:
1274:
1271:
1255:
1252:
1250:
1247:
1216:
1215:United Kingdom
1213:
1199:
1196:
1180:carbon neutral
1168:
1165:
1152:
1149:
1130:
1127:
1117:
1114:
1080:
1077:
1073:United Nations
1063:
1060:
1002:
999:
994:soil pollution
965:
962:
950:Madhya Pradesh
930:
927:
901:Inner Mongolia
813:
810:
808:
805:
793:
790:
789:
788:
784:
775:
772:
756:Bonn Challenge
739:
736:
693:
690:
661:
658:
646:
643:
618:
617:
598:
596:
589:
582:REDD and REDD+
577:
574:
552:
549:
534:plantation in
484:tree nurseries
472:
464:
441:
438:
436:
433:
415:
412:
391:
340:
332:greenhouse gas
324:photosynthesis
320:carbon dioxide
304:
296:
276:
273:
265:carbon dioxide
215:
212:
210:
207:
167:
164:
131:proforestation
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
12618:
12607:
12604:
12602:
12599:
12597:
12594:
12592:
12589:
12587:
12586:Deforestation
12584:
12582:
12581:Reforestation
12579:
12578:
12576:
12561:
12558:
12556:
12555:
12551:
12549:
12546:
12544:
12541:
12539:
12536:
12534:
12531:
12529:
12526:
12524:
12521:
12519:
12516:
12515:
12513:
12509:
12503:
12500:
12498:
12497:Reforestation
12495:
12493:
12490:
12488:
12485:
12483:
12480:
12478:
12475:
12473:
12470:
12468:
12465:
12463:
12460:
12458:
12455:
12453:
12450:
12448:
12445:
12443:
12440:
12437:
12435:
12434:Afforestation
12432:
12431:
12429:
12425:
12417:
12414:
12412:
12409:
12407:
12404:
12402:
12399:
12397:
12394:
12392:
12389:
12387:
12384:
12382:
12379:
12377:
12374:
12373:
12371:
12369:
12366:
12364:
12361:
12359:
12356:
12354:
12351:
12349:
12348:Aridification
12346:
12345:
12343:
12341:
12337:
12332:
12322:
12319:
12317:
12314:
12312:
12309:
12307:
12304:
12302:
12299:
12297:
12294:
12292:
12291:Deforestation
12289:
12287:
12284:
12283:
12281:
12279:
12278:Deforestation
12275:
12271:
12267:
12266:Deforestation
12260:
12255:
12253:
12248:
12246:
12241:
12240:
12237:
12225:
12217:
12215:
12212:
12210:
12207:
12205:
12202:
12201:
12198:
12192:
12189:
12187:
12184:
12182:
12179:
12177:
12176:IUCN Red List
12174:
12172:
12169:
12167:
12166:De-extinction
12164:
12162:
12159:
12158:
12156:
12152:
12144:
12141:
12140:
12139:
12138:United States
12136:
12132:
12129:
12128:
12127:
12124:
12122:
12119:
12117:
12114:
12112:
12109:
12107:
12104:
12102:
12099:
12097:
12094:
12092:
12089:
12087:
12084:
12082:
12079:
12077:
12074:
12072:
12069:
12067:
12064:
12062:
12059:
12057:
12054:
12052:
12049:
12047:
12044:
12042:
12039:
12037:
12034:
12032:
12029:
12027:
12024:
12022:
12019:
12017:
12014:
12013:
12011:
12007:
11999:
11996:
11994:
11991:
11990:
11988:
11984:
11981:
11979:
11976:
11974:
11971:
11969:
11966:
11964:
11961:
11959:
11956:
11955:
11954:
11951:
11947:
11944:
11940:
11937:
11936:
11935:
11932:
11930:
11927:
11923:
11920:
11919:
11918:
11915:
11913:
11910:
11906:
11903:
11902:
11901:
11898:
11896:
11893:
11891:
11888:
11887:
11885:
11883:
11880:
11874:
11871:
11870:
11869:
11866:
11864:
11861:
11860:
11859:
11856:
11854:
11851:
11850:
11848:
11844:
11838:
11835:
11831:
11828:
11827:
11826:
11823:
11819:
11818:afforestation
11816:
11815:
11814:
11813:Reforestation
11811:
11809:
11806:
11804:
11801:
11799:
11796:
11795:
11793:
11791:
11787:
11781:
11778:
11776:
11773:
11771:
11768:
11766:
11763:
11762:
11760:
11756:
11750:
11747:
11745:
11742:
11740:
11737:
11735:
11732:
11730:
11727:
11725:
11722:
11720:
11717:
11715:
11712:
11710:
11707:
11705:
11702:
11700:
11697:
11695:
11692:
11690:
11687:
11686:
11684:
11682:
11676:
11670:
11667:
11665:
11662:
11660:
11657:
11655:
11652:
11650:
11647:
11645:
11642:
11640:
11637:
11633:
11630:
11628:
11625:
11624:
11623:
11620:
11618:
11615:
11613:
11610:
11608:
11605:
11603:
11600:
11598:
11595:
11593:
11590:
11588:
11585:
11583:
11580:
11578:
11575:
11573:
11570:
11568:
11565:
11563:
11560:
11558:
11555:
11553:
11550:
11549:
11547:
11543:
11537:
11534:
11532:
11529:
11527:
11524:
11522:
11519:
11517:
11514:
11512:
11509:
11507:
11504:
11502:
11499:
11497:
11494:
11492:
11489:
11487:
11484:
11482:
11479:
11477:
11474:
11472:
11469:
11467:
11464:
11462:
11459:
11457:
11454:
11452:
11449:
11447:
11444:
11442:
11439:
11437:
11434:
11433:
11431:
11429:
11423:
11417:
11414:
11413:
11410:
11406:
11399:
11394:
11392:
11387:
11385:
11380:
11379:
11376:
11364:
11361:
11359:
11356:
11354:
11351:
11349:
11340:
11338:
11329:
11328:
11325:
11319:
11316:
11314:
11311:
11309:
11306:
11304:
11301:
11297:
11294:
11293:
11292:
11291:Reforestation
11289:
11287:
11284:
11282:
11279:
11277:
11274:
11272:
11269:
11267:
11264:
11262:
11259:
11257:
11254:
11252:
11249:
11247:
11246:Cultured meat
11244:
11242:
11239:
11237:
11234:
11232:
11229:
11227:
11226:Birth control
11224:
11222:
11219:
11218:
11216:
11214:
11210:
11204:
11201:
11199:
11196:
11194:
11191:
11189:
11186:
11184:
11181:
11179:
11176:
11174:
11171:
11169:
11166:
11164:
11161:
11159:
11156:
11154:
11151:
11149:
11146:
11144:
11141:
11139:
11136:
11134:
11131:
11129:
11126:
11124:
11121:
11119:
11116:
11114:
11111:
11109:
11106:
11104:
11101:
11099:
11096:
11094:
11091:
11089:
11086:
11084:
11081:
11079:
11076:
11074:
11071:
11069:
11066:
11064:
11061:
11059:
11056:
11054:
11051:
11049:
11048:Deforestation
11046:
11042:
11039:
11037:
11034:
11033:
11032:
11029:
11025:
11022:
11020:
11017:
11015:
11012:
11011:
11010:
11007:
11006:
11004:
11002:
10998:
10992:
10989:
10985:
10982:
10981:
10980:
10977:
10973:
10970:
10968:
10965:
10963:
10960:
10958:
10955:
10954:
10953:
10950:
10948:
10945:
10943:
10940:
10938:
10935:
10933:
10930:
10928:
10925:
10923:
10920:
10918:
10915:
10913:
10910:
10908:
10905:
10903:
10900:
10896:
10893:
10891:
10888:
10886:
10883:
10881:
10878:
10877:
10876:
10873:
10869:
10866:
10864:
10861:
10859:
10856:
10854:
10851:
10849:
10846:
10844:
10841:
10839:
10836:
10834:
10831:
10829:
10826:
10825:
10824:
10823:Manufacturing
10821:
10819:
10816:
10814:
10811:
10809:
10806:
10804:
10801:
10799:
10796:
10792:
10789:
10787:
10784:
10782:
10779:
10777:
10774:
10772:
10771:nuclear power
10769:
10767:
10766:fracking (US)
10764:
10762:
10759:
10758:
10757:
10754:
10750:
10747:
10745:
10742:
10740:
10737:
10735:
10732:
10731:
10730:
10727:
10725:
10722:
10720:
10717:
10715:
10712:
10708:
10705:
10703:
10700:
10698:
10695:
10693:
10690:
10688:
10685:
10683:
10680:
10678:
10675:
10674:
10673:
10670:
10669:
10667:
10665:
10661:
10655:
10652:
10650:
10647:
10645:
10642:
10640:
10637:
10633:
10630:
10629:
10628:
10625:
10621:
10618:
10617:
10616:
10613:
10611:
10608:
10606:
10603:
10601:
10598:
10597:
10595:
10591:
10587:
10580:
10575:
10573:
10568:
10566:
10561:
10560:
10557:
10545:
10544:
10535:
10533:
10532:
10523:
10521:
10520:
10511:
10509:
10508:
10497:
10496:
10493:
10479:
10476:
10474:
10471:
10469:
10466:
10462:
10459:
10458:
10457:
10454:
10452:
10449:
10447:
10446:Climate model
10444:
10442:
10439:
10438:
10436:
10432:
10426:
10423:
10421:
10418:
10416:
10413:
10411:
10408:
10406:
10403:
10401:
10398:
10396:
10393:
10391:
10388:
10384:
10381:
10380:
10379:
10378:Cloud forcing
10376:
10374:
10371:
10369:
10366:
10364:
10361:
10359:
10356:
10352:
10349:
10347:
10344:
10342:
10339:
10337:
10334:
10333:
10332:
10329:
10327:
10324:
10323:
10321:
10317:
10311:
10308:
10306:
10303:
10301:
10298:
10296:
10293:
10292:
10290:
10286:
10282:
10275:
10271:
10257:
10254:
10252:
10249:
10245:
10242:
10240:
10237:
10236:
10235:
10232:
10230:
10227:
10225:
10222:
10221:
10219:
10215:
10209:
10206:
10202:
10199:
10197:
10194:
10192:
10189:
10188:
10187:
10184:
10182:
10179:
10177:
10174:
10172:
10169:
10167:
10164:
10162:
10159:
10158:
10156:
10154:
10153:Communication
10150:
10144:
10141:
10139:
10136:
10134:
10133:Vulnerability
10131:
10129:
10126:
10124:
10121:
10119:
10116:
10114:
10111:
10109:
10106:
10104:
10103:Flood control
10101:
10099:
10096:
10094:
10091:
10089:
10086:
10084:
10081:
10080:
10078:
10076:
10072:
10066:
10063:
10061:
10058:
10056:
10053:
10051:
10048:
10046:
10043:
10041:
10038:
10036:
10033:
10031:
10028:
10024:
10021:
10020:
10019:
10016:
10014:
10011:
10009:
10006:
10004:
10001:
10000:
9998:
9994:
9990:
9986:
9980:
9976:
9960:
9957:
9956:
9955:
9952:
9951:
9949:
9945:
9939:
9936:
9933:
9930:
9926:
9925:reforestation
9923:
9921:
9918:
9916:
9913:
9911:
9910:afforestation
9908:
9907:
9905:
9903:
9900:
9898:
9895:
9891:
9888:
9886:
9883:
9882:
9881:
9878:
9876:
9873:
9872:
9870:
9868:
9862:
9856:
9853:
9851:
9848:
9846:
9845:Nuclear power
9843:
9839:
9836:
9835:
9834:
9831:
9829:
9826:
9825:
9823:
9819:
9813:
9810:
9808:
9805:
9803:
9800:
9798:
9795:
9793:
9790:
9788:
9785:
9783:
9780:
9778:
9775:
9773:
9770:
9768:
9765:
9763:
9760:
9756:
9753:
9752:
9751:
9748:
9746:
9743:
9741:
9740:Carbon budget
9738:
9737:
9735:
9733:
9729:
9725:
9721:
9716:
9712:
9698:
9695:
9693:
9690:
9688:
9685:
9683:
9680:
9678:
9675:
9673:
9670:
9668:
9665:
9663:
9660:
9658:
9655:
9653:
9650:
9648:
9645:
9644:
9642:
9640:
9636:
9630:
9627:
9625:
9622:
9620:
9617:
9615:
9612:
9610:
9607:
9605:
9602:
9600:
9597:
9595:
9592:
9590:
9587:
9585:
9582:
9578:
9577:Mental health
9575:
9574:
9573:
9570:
9568:
9565:
9563:
9560:
9556:
9553:
9552:
9551:
9548:
9546:
9543:
9541:
9538:
9536:
9533:
9531:
9528:
9526:
9523:
9521:
9518:
9516:
9513:
9509:
9508:United States
9506:
9504:
9501:
9500:
9499:
9496:
9495:
9493:
9489:
9483:
9480:
9478:
9475:
9473:
9470:
9468:
9465:
9463:
9460:
9458:
9455:
9451:
9448:
9447:
9446:
9443:
9442:
9440:
9436:
9430:
9427:
9425:
9422:
9420:
9417:
9415:
9412:
9410:
9407:
9405:
9402:
9400:
9397:
9395:
9392:
9390:
9387:
9383:
9380:
9378:
9375:
9373:
9370:
9368:
9365:
9363:
9362:deoxygenation
9360:
9358:
9357:acidification
9355:
9354:
9353:
9350:
9346:
9343:
9341:
9338:
9337:
9336:
9333:
9329:
9326:
9325:
9324:
9321:
9319:
9316:
9314:
9311:
9309:
9306:
9304:
9301:
9299:
9296:
9294:
9291:
9289:
9286:
9285:
9283:
9279:
9275:
9271:
9266:
9262:
9250:
9247:
9245:
9242:
9240:
9237:
9235:
9232:
9230:
9227:
9225:
9222:
9221:
9219:
9217:
9214:
9212:
9209:
9207:
9204:
9202:
9199:
9197:
9194:
9192:
9189:
9188:
9185:
9178:
9174:
9160:
9157:
9153:
9152:from wetlands
9150:
9148:
9145:
9143:
9140:
9138:
9135:
9133:
9130:
9129:
9128:
9125:
9123:
9120:
9118:
9115:
9113:
9112:Deforestation
9110:
9109:
9107:
9103:
9097:
9094:
9091:
9087:
9084:
9082:
9079:
9078:
9076:
9072:
9068:
9064:
9059:
9055:
9045:
9042:
9040:
9037:
9035:
9032:
9030:
9027:
9025:
9022:
9021:
9018:
9011:
9007:
9003:
8996:
8991:
8989:
8984:
8982:
8977:
8976:
8973:
8960:
8957:
8955:
8952:
8950:
8947:
8945:
8942:
8940:
8937:
8935:
8932:
8930:
8927:
8925:
8922:
8920:
8917:
8915:
8912:
8910:
8907:
8905:
8902:
8900:
8897:
8896:
8892:
8884:
8880:
8877:
8875:
8872:
8871:
8870:
8862:
8858:
8855:
8853:
8850:
8849:
8848:
8840:
8839:
8836:
8830:
8827:
8825:
8822:
8820:
8819:Whoopie sling
8817:
8815:
8812:
8810:
8807:
8805:
8804:Chainsaw mill
8802:
8800:
8799:Stump grinder
8797:
8795:
8792:
8790:
8787:
8785:
8782:
8780:
8777:
8775:
8772:
8770:
8767:
8765:
8762:
8760:
8757:
8755:
8752:
8750:
8747:
8745:
8742:
8741:
8739:
8735:
8727:
8724:
8723:
8722:
8719:
8717:
8714:
8710:
8707:
8706:
8705:
8702:
8700:
8697:
8695:
8692:
8690:
8687:
8685:
8682:
8680:
8677:
8675:
8672:
8670:
8667:
8665:
8662:
8660:
8657:
8655:
8652:
8650:
8647:
8645:
8642:
8641:
8639:
8637:
8633:
8627:
8624:
8622:
8619:
8617:
8614:
8612:
8609:
8607:
8604:
8602:
8599:
8597:
8594:
8592:
8589:
8587:
8584:
8580:
8577:
8575:
8572:
8571:
8570:
8567:
8565:
8562:
8560:
8557:
8556:
8554:
8552:
8548:
8542:
8539:
8537:
8534:
8532:
8529:
8527:
8524:
8522:
8519:
8516:
8513:
8511:
8508:
8506:
8503:
8501:
8498:
8497:
8495:
8493:
8489:
8483:
8480:
8477:
8474:
8472:
8469:
8467:
8464:
8462:
8459:
8457:
8454:
8452:
8449:
8445:
8442:
8440:
8437:
8436:
8435:
8432:
8431:
8429:
8427:
8423:
8417:
8414:
8412:
8409:
8407:
8404:
8402:
8399:
8395:
8392:
8391:
8390:
8387:
8385:
8382:
8380:
8377:
8375:
8372:
8370:
8369:Diameter tape
8367:
8365:
8362:
8360:
8357:
8355:
8352:
8350:
8347:
8345:
8342:
8341:
8339:
8337:
8333:
8328:
8318:
8315:
8312:
8309:
8306:
8303:
8301:
8298:
8296:
8293:
8291:
8288:
8286:
8283:
8281:
8278:
8275:
8272:
8270:
8267:
8266:
8264:
8262:
8261:afforestation
8257:
8256:Tree planting
8253:
8249:
8245:
8242:
8235:
8230:
8228:
8223:
8221:
8216:
8215:
8212:
8200:
8192:
8190:
8182:
8180:
8179:
8174:
8168:
8166:
8165:
8160:
8154:
8152:
8151:
8146:
8140:
8138:
8137:
8126:
8124:
8123:
8112:
8110:
8109:
8098:
8096:
8095:
8086:
8085:
8082:
8076:
8073:
8071:
8068:
8066:
8063:
8061:
8058:
8056:
8055:Rubber tapper
8053:
8051:
8048:
8046:
8043:
8041:
8038:
8036:
8033:
8031:
8028:
8026:
8023:
8019:
8016:
8014:
8011:
8009:
8006:
8004:
8001:
8000:
7999:
7996:
7994:
7991:
7989:
7986:
7984:
7983:Choker setter
7981:
7979:
7976:
7974:
7971:
7969:
7966:
7965:
7963:
7959:
7951:
7948:
7947:
7946:
7943:
7939:
7936:
7934:
7931:
7929:
7926:
7924:
7921:
7919:
7916:
7915:
7914:
7911:
7907:
7904:
7903:
7902:
7899:
7897:
7894:
7890:
7887:
7885:
7882:
7880:
7877:
7875:
7872:
7870:
7867:
7865:
7862:
7860:
7857:
7855:
7852:
7851:
7850:
7847:
7843:
7840:
7838:
7835:
7833:
7830:
7828:
7825:
7824:
7823:
7822:Manufacturing
7820:
7818:
7815:
7813:
7810:
7808:
7805:
7803:
7800:
7799:
7797:
7795:
7791:
7785:
7782:
7780:
7777:
7775:
7772:
7770:
7767:
7763:
7762:
7758:
7756:
7753:
7751:
7748:
7746:
7745:
7741:
7740:
7739:
7736:
7734:
7731:
7729:
7726:
7722:
7719:
7718:
7717:
7714:
7710:
7707:
7706:
7705:
7702:
7700:
7697:
7695:
7692:
7690:
7687:
7685:
7682:
7680:
7677:
7675:
7672:
7670:
7667:
7665:
7662:
7660:
7659:Deforestation
7657:
7655:
7652:
7650:
7647:
7645:
7642:
7641:
7639:
7635:Environmental
7633:
7625:
7622:
7620:
7617:
7615:
7612:
7610:
7607:
7606:
7605:
7602:
7598:
7595:
7593:
7590:
7589:
7588:
7585:
7583:
7580:
7578:
7575:
7571:
7568:
7567:
7566:
7563:
7559:
7556:
7555:
7554:
7551:
7549:
7546:
7544:
7541:
7537:
7536:reforestation
7534:
7532:
7531:afforestation
7529:
7528:
7527:
7524:
7520:
7517:
7515:
7512:
7510:
7507:
7505:
7502:
7500:
7497:
7495:
7492:
7490:
7487:
7486:
7485:
7482:
7478:
7475:
7473:
7470:
7468:
7465:
7463:
7460:
7458:
7455:
7453:
7450:
7448:
7445:
7443:
7440:
7438:
7435:
7433:
7430:
7428:
7425:
7423:
7420:
7418:
7415:
7413:
7410:
7408:
7405:
7404:
7403:
7400:
7398:
7395:
7393:
7390:
7388:
7385:
7383:
7380:
7376:
7373:
7371:
7368:
7366:
7363:
7361:
7358:
7356:
7353:
7352:
7351:
7348:
7346:
7343:
7341:
7340:Arboriculture
7338:
7337:
7335:
7333:
7328:
7324:
7318:
7315:
7313:
7310:
7308:
7305:
7303:
7300:
7298:
7295:
7293:
7292:Permaforestry
7290:
7288:
7285:
7283:
7280:
7278:
7275:
7273:
7270:
7268:
7265:
7263:
7260:
7258:
7255:
7251:
7250:
7246:
7245:
7244:
7241:
7240:
7238:
7234:
7228:
7227:
7223:
7221:
7220:
7216:
7214:
7213:
7209:
7207:
7206:
7202:
7200:
7199:
7195:
7193:
7192:
7188:
7186:
7185:
7181:
7180:
7177:
7173:
7166:
7161:
7159:
7154:
7152:
7147:
7146:
7143:
7129:
7123:
7107:
7103:
7099:
7093:
7076:
7071:
7064:
7048:
7044:
7038:
7022:
7018:
7012:
6997:
6993:
6986:
6978:
6974:
6968:
6960:
6956:
6950:
6942:
6938:
6932:
6917:
6913:
6906:
6900:
6898:
6893:
6886:
6882:
6877:
6872:
6868:
6864:
6860:
6853:
6851:
6849:
6847:
6845:
6828:
6821:
6813:
6812:Quartz Africa
6809:
6802:
6794:
6790:
6783:
6775:
6771:
6767:
6763:
6759:
6752:
6750:
6748:
6739:
6735:
6729:
6713:
6709:
6705:
6698:
6684:
6678:
6674:
6670:
6666:
6662:
6655:
6640:
6636:
6629:
6615:
6609:
6605:
6601:
6597:
6593:
6586:
6584:
6568:
6564:
6558:
6550:
6546:
6542:
6538:
6533:
6528:
6524:
6520:
6517:(1): 100006.
6516:
6512:
6508:
6501:
6486:
6482:
6475:
6459:
6455:
6449:
6442:
6436:
6420:
6413:
6398:
6394:
6388:
6369:
6362:
6356:
6340:
6334:
6318:
6314:
6308:
6292:
6288:
6282:
6266:
6262:
6256:
6240:
6236:
6232:
6226:
6211:
6207:
6203:
6199:
6192:
6185:(2): 106–113.
6184:
6180:
6176:
6169:
6153:
6147:
6141:
6135:
6133:
6124:
6117:
6111:
6103:
6096:
6090:
6074:
6070:
6066:
6060:
6044:
6040:
6036:
6032:
6025:
6017:
6013:
6007:
5999:
5995:
5991:
5987:
5983:
5979:
5975:
5971:
5964:
5956:
5952:
5948:
5944:
5940:
5936:
5932:
5928:
5921:
5910:
5906:
5902:
5898:
5894:
5890:
5883:
5876:
5874:
5865:
5861:
5855:
5839:
5835:
5829:
5813:
5807:
5791:
5787:
5781:
5765:
5759:
5740:
5733:
5727:
5711:
5707:
5703:
5697:
5681:
5677:
5671:
5652:
5645:
5644:
5636:
5620:
5616:
5612:
5606:
5590:
5586:
5580:
5564:
5560:
5554:
5539:
5535:
5529:
5513:
5509:
5503:
5495:
5491:
5485:
5470:
5466:
5462:
5456:
5452:
5448:
5444:
5443:
5435:
5433:
5431:
5429:
5413:
5409:
5402:
5386:
5382:
5376:
5360:
5353:
5345:
5341:
5335:
5327:
5321:
5306:
5302:
5296:
5288:
5284:
5277:
5261:
5257:
5251:
5249:
5247:
5245:
5228:
5224:
5220:
5213:
5197:
5193:
5189:
5183:
5167:
5163:
5157:
5142:
5138:
5132:
5116:
5109:
5101:
5097:
5091:
5075:
5071:
5065:
5046:
5039:
5033:
5014:
5007:
5001:
4982:
4975:
4969:
4961:
4957:
4951:
4943:
4937:
4922:
4918:
4912:
4904:
4900:
4894:
4879:
4875:
4871:
4867:
4860:
4852:
4848:
4843:
4838:
4834:
4830:
4826:
4822:
4818:
4811:
4803:
4797:
4793:
4789:
4782:
4780:
4771:
4767:
4761:
4745:
4741:
4737:
4731:
4716:
4712:
4706:
4690:
4686:
4685:
4680:
4674:
4658:
4654:
4648:
4632:
4628:
4622:
4606:
4602:
4595:
4579:
4572:
4556:
4552:
4545:
4529:
4525:
4519:
4511:
4509:9780295751719
4505:
4501:
4497:
4490:
4488:
4486:
4484:
4482:
4480:
4472:
4469:
4463:
4456:
4452:
4446:
4438:
4434:
4429:
4424:
4420:
4416:
4412:
4408:
4404:
4400:
4396:
4388:
4372:
4368:
4362:
4354:
4350:
4346:
4342:
4337:
4332:
4328:
4324:
4320:
4316:
4312:
4305:
4289:
4285:
4279:
4264:
4260:
4256:
4252:
4245:
4230:
4226:
4222:
4218:
4214:
4210:
4206:
4202:
4198:
4194:
4190:
4186:
4182:
4178:
4170:
4162:
4158:
4154:
4150:
4146:
4142:
4137:
4132:
4128:
4124:
4120:
4116:
4109:
4102:
4100:
4092:
4086:
4082:
4075:
4067:
4061:
4045:
4041:
4035:
4027:
4023:
4018:
4013:
4009:
4005:
4000:
3995:
3991:
3987:
3983:
3979:
3975:
3968:
3953:
3949:
3943:
3935:
3931:
3927:
3923:
3919:
3915:
3911:
3907:
3903:
3899:
3895:
3888:
3873:
3869:
3865:
3861:
3857:
3853:
3849:
3845:
3841:
3837:
3833:
3829:
3825:
3818:
3802:
3798:
3792:
3777:
3773:
3767:
3759:
3755:
3751:
3747:
3742:
3737:
3733:
3729:
3725:
3721:
3717:
3709:
3694:
3690:
3683:
3681:
3679:
3663:
3659:
3652:
3644:
3640:
3636:
3632:
3627:
3622:
3618:
3614:
3610:
3606:
3602:
3598:
3594:
3587:
3579:
3575:
3571:
3567:
3563:
3559:
3552:
3544:
3540:
3535:
3530:
3525:
3520:
3516:
3512:
3508:
3504:
3500:
3493:
3491:
3482:
3478:
3473:
3468:
3464:
3460:
3456:
3452:
3448:
3441:
3433:
3429:
3424:
3419:
3415:
3411:
3407:
3403:
3399:
3392:
3384:
3380:
3375:
3370:
3365:
3360:
3356:
3352:
3348:
3341:
3326:
3322:
3315:
3307:
3303:
3299:
3295:
3291:
3287:
3283:
3279:
3275:
3268:
3260:
3256:
3252:
3248:
3241:
3239:
3230:
3226:
3222:
3218:
3214:
3210:
3206:
3202:
3198:
3194:
3190:
3183:
3175:
3162:
3154:
3147:
3131:
3127:
3121:
3105:
3099:
3083:
3078:
3074:
3068:
3052:
3048:
3044:
3043:"Forest loss"
3038:
3030:
3026:
3022:
3015:
3004:
2997:
2982:
2978:
2971:
2963:
2957:
2953:
2952:
2944:
2942:
2922:
2915:
2914:
2906:
2898:
2894:
2889:
2884:
2880:
2876:
2872:
2868:
2864:
2860:
2856:
2852:
2848:
2841:
2825:
2821:
2817:
2810:
2795:
2791:
2785:
2769:
2765:
2759:
2744:
2740:
2734:
2718:
2714:
2708:
2693:
2689:
2685:
2681:
2677:
2673:
2669:
2665:
2661:
2657:
2653:
2649:
2645:
2641:
2633:
2618:
2614:
2608:
2593:
2589:
2585:
2581:
2577:
2576:Harvey, Fiona
2571:
2556:
2552:
2547:
2542:
2538:
2534:
2530:
2526:
2525:
2520:
2513:
2505:
2501:
2496:
2491:
2487:
2483:
2479:
2475:
2471:
2467:
2463:
2459:
2455:
2448:
2440:
2436:
2432:
2428:
2424:
2420:
2416:
2412:
2408:
2404:
2400:
2393:
2384:
2377:
2373:
2367:
2359:
2355:
2351:
2345:
2341:
2337:
2334:. FAO. 2020.
2333:
2332:
2325:
2317:
2313:
2309:
2305:
2301:
2297:
2292:
2287:
2283:
2279:
2275:
2271:
2264:
2256:
2252:
2247:
2242:
2238:
2234:
2230:
2226:
2222:
2218:
2214:
2210:
2206:
2199:
2191:
2185:
2181:
2180:
2172:
2156:
2150:
2139:
2132:
2131:
2124:
2117:
2113:
2107:
2091:
2087:
2080:
2078:
2061:
2057:
2051:
2049:
2033:
2029:
2022:
2020:
2004:
2000:
1994:
1992:
1983:
1979:
1974:
1969:
1965:
1961:
1957:
1953:
1949:
1945:
1941:
1934:
1932:
1923:
1917:
1913:
1906:
1904:
1895:
1891:
1886:
1881:
1877:
1873:
1869:
1865:
1861:
1854:
1852:
1836:
1832:
1826:
1824:
1822:
1817:
1806:
1803:
1800:
1797:
1794:
1791:
1788:
1785:
1782:
1779:
1773:
1770:
1769:
1765:
1759:
1754:
1743:
1739:
1736:
1732:
1728:
1721:
1717:
1713:
1709:
1705:
1702:
1701:Brooklyn Park
1698:
1695:
1692:
1688:
1684:
1681:
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1616:
1609:
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1596:
1591:
1589:
1588:afforestation
1585:
1584:Sahara Desert
1581:
1571:
1567:
1564:
1563:Madre de Dios
1559:
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1450:Latin America
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1405:United States
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1376:North America
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1320:
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1309:
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1281:
1280:Cedrus libani
1270:
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1182:by 2050 with
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1155:Prior to the
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1113:
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1107:
1102:
1098:
1095:land to grow
1094:
1090:
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1049:
1045:
1041:
1036:
1034:
1030:
1027:
1022:
1020:
1016:
1012:
1008:
998:
995:
991:
990:afforestation
987:
983:
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970:
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959:
955:
951:
947:
946:Uttar Pradesh
943:
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902:
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884:
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870:In 2017, the
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710:
709:deforestation
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571:
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540:Monterey Pine
537:
533:
528:
526:
525:seed orchards
522:
517:
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505:
501:
497:
493:
489:
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469:
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461:
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445:
432:
430:
420:
408:
404:
400:
384:
380:
378:
374:
370:
364:
362:
361:deforestation
358:
353:
351:
350:afforestation
347:
337:
333:
329:
325:
321:
317:
308:
301:
295:
292:
289:can increase
288:
287:deforestation
282:
272:
270:
266:
262:
258:
254:
249:
247:
243:
239:
235:
229:
225:
221:
206:
204:
200:
196:
192:
188:
187:
186:Afforestation
182:
180:
177:According to
175:
173:
163:
161:
160:
159:afforestation
155:
154:reforestation
151:
147:
142:
140:
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132:
127:
125:
124:stored carbon
121:
117:
111:
109:
104:
102:
98:
94:
90:
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74:
73:deforestation
70:
66:
62:
61:Reforestation
55:
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30:
26:
22:
21:Afforestation
12552:
12496:
12492:Oasification
11939:Bengal Tiger
11895:Arabian oryx
11886:Land mammal
11873:Golden eagle
11812:
11709:Gap analysis
11436:Biodiversity
11426:Conservation
11290:
10984:urban sprawl
10979:Urbanization
10927:Particulates
10912:Overdrafting
10627:Human impact
10600:Anthropocene
10541:
10529:
10517:
10498:
10331:Carbon cycle
10288:Measurements
9983:Society and
9924:
9867:carbon sinks
9772:Climate debt
9762:Carbon price
9584:Human rights
9409:Season creep
9367:heat content
9293:Anoxic event
9206:James Hansen
8868:
8846:
8764:Hand compass
8716:Steam donkey
8601:Lumber edger
8586:Crosscut saw
8531:Log splitter
8456:Fire flapper
8411:Tree caliper
8379:Inclinometer
8364:Cruising rod
8313:(Tuley tube)
8311:Tree shelter
8307:(dibble bar)
8295:Root trainer
8169:
8155:
8141:
8127:
8113:
8099:
8092:
8070:Tree planter
8050:Resin tapper
8030:Truck driver
8025:River driver
7774:Tree hugging
7759:
7742:
7709:timber mafia
7699:High grading
7684:Ghost forest
7654:Clearcutting
7577:Silviculture
7553:Horticulture
7535:
7397:Fire ecology
7312:Urban forest
7287:Mycoforestry
7247:
7243:Agroforestry
7224:
7217:
7210:
7203:
7196:
7191:Forest areas
7189:
7182:
7122:
7110:. Retrieved
7106:the original
7101:
7092:
7080:. Retrieved
7075:the original
7063:
7051:. Retrieved
7046:
7037:
7025:. Retrieved
7021:the original
7011:
6999:. Retrieved
6995:
6985:
6976:
6967:
6958:
6949:
6941:the original
6931:
6921:17 September
6919:. Retrieved
6915:
6905:
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6862:
6831:. Retrieved
6820:
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6782:
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6737:
6728:
6716:. Retrieved
6712:the original
6707:
6702:Vizzuality.
6697:
6686:, retrieved
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6638:
6628:
6617:, retrieved
6595:
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6566:
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6488:. Retrieved
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6462:. Retrieved
6457:
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6412:
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6396:
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6368:the original
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6316:
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6281:
6269:. Retrieved
6264:
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6239:the original
6234:
6225:
6213:. Retrieved
6202:The Guardian
6201:
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6158:14 September
6156:. Retrieved
6146:
6110:
6089:
6079:14 September
6077:. Retrieved
6073:the original
6068:
6059:
6049:14 September
6047:. Retrieved
6043:the original
6038:
6034:
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6015:
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5976:(1): 43–57.
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5909:the original
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5838:the original
5828:
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5790:the original
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5739:the original
5726:
5714:. Retrieved
5710:the original
5705:
5696:
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5679:
5670:
5660:30 September
5658:. Retrieved
5651:the original
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5635:
5623:. Retrieved
5619:the original
5614:
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5589:The Guardian
5588:
5579:
5567:. Retrieved
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5537:
5528:
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5512:The Guardian
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5502:
5493:
5484:
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5227:the original
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5052:. Retrieved
5045:the original
5032:
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4981:the original
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4959:
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4881:. Retrieved
4869:
4859:
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4787:
4770:mtpchina.org
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4748:. Retrieved
4744:the original
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4689:the original
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4647:
4635:. Retrieved
4631:the original
4621:
4609:. Retrieved
4605:the original
4594:
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4571:
4559:. Retrieved
4555:the original
4544:
4532:. Retrieved
4528:the original
4518:
4495:
4471:The Guardian
4470:
4462:
4454:
4449:James Owen,
4445:
4402:
4398:
4387:
4375:. Retrieved
4370:
4361:
4318:
4314:
4304:
4294:28 September
4292:. Retrieved
4288:The Guardian
4287:
4278:
4266:. Retrieved
4254:
4244:
4234:28 September
4232:. Retrieved
4188:
4184:
4169:
4118:
4114:
4080:
4074:
4048:. Retrieved
4044:the original
4034:
3981:
3977:
3967:
3957:28 September
3955:. Retrieved
3951:
3942:
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3897:
3887:
3875:. Retrieved
3831:
3827:
3817:
3805:. Retrieved
3800:
3791:
3779:. Retrieved
3775:
3766:
3723:
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3708:
3696:. Retrieved
3692:
3665:. Retrieved
3661:
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3561:
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3506:
3502:
3454:
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3440:
3405:
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3391:
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3350:
3340:
3328:. Retrieved
3325:My Land Plan
3324:
3314:
3281:
3277:
3267:
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3246:
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3192:
3182:
3161:cite journal
3146:
3134:. Retrieved
3129:
3120:
3108:. Retrieved
3098:
3086:. Retrieved
3073:Ghostarchive
3071:Archived at
3067:
3055:. Retrieved
3051:the original
3046:
3037:
3024:
3020:
3014:
2996:
2984:. Retrieved
2980:
2970:
2950:
2928:. Retrieved
2912:
2905:
2857:(1): 19907.
2854:
2850:
2840:
2828:. Retrieved
2819:
2809:
2797:. Retrieved
2793:
2784:
2774:28 September
2772:. Retrieved
2767:
2758:
2748:28 September
2746:. Retrieved
2742:
2733:
2723:28 September
2721:. Retrieved
2717:The Guardian
2716:
2707:
2697:28 September
2695:. Retrieved
2651:
2647:
2632:
2622:28 September
2620:. Retrieved
2616:
2607:
2595:. Retrieved
2584:The Guardian
2583:
2570:
2558:. Retrieved
2528:
2522:
2512:
2461:
2457:
2447:
2406:
2402:
2392:
2383:
2370:IPCC (2022)
2366:
2330:
2324:
2273:
2269:
2263:
2212:
2208:
2198:
2178:
2171:
2159:. Retrieved
2149:
2129:
2123:
2110:IPCC, 2022:
2106:
2094:. Retrieved
2089:
2084:Luoma, Jon.
2066:28 September
2064:. Retrieved
2059:
2037:28 September
2035:. Retrieved
2031:
2008:28 September
2006:. Retrieved
2002:
1947:
1943:
1911:
1867:
1863:
1840:20 September
1838:. Retrieved
1834:
1805:Revegetation
1764:Trees portal
1592:
1577:
1568:
1550:
1542:
1535:
1524:
1516:
1509:
1505:biodiversity
1498:
1495:
1473:
1440:Donald Trump
1433:
1427:
1420:
1399:
1393:in southern
1367:
1343:
1335:
1316:
1305:
1297:
1293:
1286:
1278:
1276:
1267:
1263:
1224:
1205:
1201:
1192:
1170:
1154:
1143:
1132:
1110:soil erosion
1101:Agroforestry
1082:
1065:
1037:
1023:
1004:
978:Shōzō Tanaka
971:
967:
938:Molai forest
934:Jadav Payeng
932:
923:
916:
905:
894:
887:
880:
869:
861:
833:
821:
777:
768:
760:
752:
741:
728:biodiversity
725:
721:
698:
695:
687:
683:Global South
680:
676:agroforestry
663:
654:
636:
632:
628:
624:
621:
611:October 2019
608:
600:
554:
530:annually; a
496:Weyerhaeuser
479:
473:
457:
446:
443:
425:
365:
354:
336:carbon sinks
313:
284:
250:
237:
231:
184:
183:
176:
169:
157:
153:
145:
143:
128:
116:monocultures
112:
105:
77:clearcutting
60:
59:
29:
12554:Terra preta
12457:Ecoforestry
12381:Gobi Desert
12372:By region:
12111:South Sudan
12096:New Zealand
11790:Restoration
11098:Externality
11093:Coral reefs
11053:Defaunation
10922:Overgrazing
10895:overfishing
10875:Marine life
10749:electricity
10672:Agriculture
10358:Carbon sink
10336:atmospheric
10201:video games
9875:Blue carbon
9498:Agriculture
9477:Marine life
9424:Water cycle
9382:temperature
9117:Fossil fuel
8959:Woodworking
8829:Woodchipper
8621:Two-man saw
8536:Marking axe
8517:(shake axe)
8416:Wedge prism
8389:Rangefinder
8349:Angle gauge
8336:Mensuration
8269:Caulk boots
8094:WikiProject
8018:smokejumper
7998:Firefighter
7961:Occupations
7945:Woodworking
7526:Forestation
7457:restoration
7412:informatics
7277:Ecoforestry
7102:Environment
6959:Google Docs
6490:26 February
6402:7 September
6377:7 September
6323:7 September
6297:7 September
6271:7 September
6245:7 September
5933:: 117–133.
5864:Daily Sabah
5365:9 September
5202:24 December
5121:7 September
5054:7 September
5022:7 September
4990:7 September
4962:. Ek Kadam.
4926:30 November
4883:30 November
4611:26 December
4599:Li, Weida.
4584:7 September
4561:7 September
4498:. Seattle:
3978:BMC Ecology
3877:5 September
3807:5 September
3781:5 September
3693:subs.ft.com
3199:: 162–170.
1950:: 718–728.
1835:www.fao.org
1442:joined the
1370:trade union
1249:Middle East
1235:Donisthorpe
1062:Philippines
942:Brahmaputra
828:Gobi desert
744:forest fire
732:monoculture
344:long-term.
12575:Categories
12560:Wilderness
12427:Mitigation
12401:Mauritania
12046:Costa Rica
12009:By country
11929:Slow loris
11905:Polar bear
11758:Key issues
11545:Approaches
11363:mitigation
11358:assessment
11353:by country
11251:Decoupling
11213:Mitigation
10942:Reservoirs
10863:pesticides
10808:Explosives
10786:reservoirs
10687:irrigation
10390:Cryosphere
10351:permafrost
10123:Resilience
10075:Adaptation
10050:Litigation
10040:Governance
9985:adaptation
9767:Carbon tax
9720:Mitigation
9657:Antarctica
9545:Disability
8847:Categories
8669:Helicopter
8510:Brush hook
8344:3D scanner
8317:Tree spade
8290:Pottiputki
8040:Lumberjack
8035:Log scaler
7918:engineered
7869:non-timber
7842:sawmilling
7794:Industries
7761:svedjebruk
7472:transition
7452:protection
7442:old-growth
7427:governance
7382:Dendrology
7332:management
7198:Ministries
6829:. Ecowatch
6572:19 October
6439:Oxfam UK,
6421:. The Hill
6215:30 January
5706:Britannica
5625:30 January
5595:30 January
5569:30 January
5543:30 January
5518:30 January
5361:. Ecowatch
5344:Skógræktin
5310:15 January
5233:12 January
5117:. Ecowatch
5080:29 January
4695:30 January
4580:. Ecowatch
4377:21 October
3904:: 101931.
3698:21 October
3534:2440/95479
3408:: 109224.
3136:26 October
3057:27 October
3031:: 111–125.
2986:30 January
2820:TreeHugger
2464:(1): 112.
2096:23 October
1812:References
1687:Mark Rober
1676:Team Trees
1527:ecotourism
1486:Costa Rica
1258:See also:
1219:See also:
1188:carbon tax
1029:Imran Khan
1015:Imran Khan
914:business.
912:ecotourism
816:See also:
796:See also:
792:By country
649:See also:
645:Challenges
580:See also:
279:See also:
271:per year.
218:See also:
203:grasslands
199:deforested
166:Definition
91:, and for
12286:Assarting
12086:Mauritius
12066:Indonesia
12051:Hong Kong
12021:Australia
11993:Seed bank
11983:Sea otter
11853:Arthropod
11825:Rewilding
11679:Protected
11286:Recycling
10952:Transport
10937:Quarrying
10932:Pollution
10791:transport
10781:petroleum
10776:oil shale
10739:biodiesel
10405:Feedbacks
10176:Education
9677:Caribbean
9672:Australia
9599:Migration
9562:Fisheries
9503:Livestock
9429:Wildfires
9335:Heat wave
8879:equipment
8857:equipment
8809:Tree tyer
8789:Log flume
8769:Hand hook
8699:Skid cone
8694:Pike pole
8689:Pickaroon
8674:Log truck
8664:Harvester
8654:Forwarder
8644:Cant hook
8478:(rakehoe)
8461:Fire rake
8451:Driptorch
8406:Relascope
8401:Microtome
8300:Seed trap
8248:equipment
7988:Ecologist
7901:Tree farm
7802:Coppicing
7744:chitemene
7644:Acid rain
7592:allometry
7514:SmartWood
7462:secondary
7447:pathology
7422:inventory
7360:driftwood
7226:Arbor Day
6897:CC BY 4.0
6885:2466-4367
6863:Reforesta
6833:28 August
6688:14 August
6549:253649681
6541:2949-7531
6210:0261-3077
6179:Forestist
5955:131664221
5469:248302731
4878:0971-751X
4870:The Hindu
4851:2624-893X
4750:1 October
4663:15 August
4419:0962-8436
4263:0362-4331
4229:201124728
4213:1476-4687
4131:CiteSeerX
4008:1472-6785
3984:(1): 29.
3934:197773639
3926:0959-3780
3872:221285189
3856:2397-334X
3801:The Hindu
3758:253157136
3750:1748-9326
3643:202568025
3578:1476-4687
3543:1433-8319
3432:0006-3207
3383:252418294
3357:: 27–38.
3298:0889-1893
3221:0301-4797
2930:9 January
2879:2045-2322
2743:Yale E360
2692:201124728
2676:1476-4687
2592:0261-3077
2560:6 October
2486:2052-4463
2431:0036-8075
2358:130116768
2286:CiteSeerX
2237:0027-8424
2003:Yale E360
1982:0378-1127
1894:0378-1127
1870:: 57–67.
1729:The 2020
1716:Microsoft
1680:YouTubers
1593:In 2019,
1333:periods.
1093:cash crop
1052:lockdowns
1024:In 2018,
787:planting.
783:hotspots.
561:coppicing
544:Australia
532:Grand Fir
480:tree farm
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