1774:της Ομόσπονδης Λαϊκής Δημοκρατίας της Γιουγκοσλαβίας προς Υπουργείο Εξωτερικών, Αρ. Εγγρ. 47, Θεσσαλονίκη 15 July 1951. (translated and published by Spiros Sfetas . ΛΓ΄, Θεσσαλονίκη 2001–2002 by the Macedonian Studies ) Quote: "According to the report of General consultant of Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia the total number of Macedonian refugees who came from Greece between the years 1941–1951 is 28,595. From 1941 till 1944 500 found refuge in Yugoslav Macedonia, in 1944 4,000 people, in 1945 5,000, in 1946 8,000, in 1947 6,000, in 1948 3,000, in 1949 2,000, in 1950 80, and in 1951 15 people. About 4,000 left Yugoslavia and moved to other Socialist countries (and very few went also to western countries). So in 1951 at Yugoslavia were 24,595 refugees from Greek Macedonia. 19,000 lived in Yugoslav Macedonia, 4,000 in Serbia (mainly in Gakovo-Krusevlje) and 1595 in other Yugoslav republics."
1070:
refugees remained in
Eastern Europe or left for the West. Citizenship was stripped from the evacuees without the fair hearing to an independent tribunal and other internationally accepted protocols for the seizure of citizenship such as legal representation and the opportunity to defend oneself. This process of seizing citizenship had "historically been used against people identifying as ethnic Macedonians". Despite it applying to all citizens regardless of ethnicity. It has been enforced, in all but one case, only against citizens who identified themselves as members of the "Macedonian" minority. Dual citizens who are stripped of Greek citizenship under Article 20 of the citizenship code are sometimes prevented from entering Greece using the passport of their second nationality. Although since 1998 there have been no new reported cases of this occurring.
117:. Soon many injured partisans and elderly people along with the child refugees had been evacuated to People's Republic of Albania. After 1948 the Yugoslavian Government decided to close the Yugoslav-Greek border, this in turn led many pro-Tito forces in the National Liberation Front to flee to Yugoslavia. Despite this, Slav Macedonians continued to fight in the ranks of DSE. By 1948, Slav Macedonians comprised over 30% of the DSE's fighting force according to some estimates, but these estimates have been disputed by the KKE. In the ensuing aftermath, the National Army began to consolidate its control in areas previously controlled by the Provisional Government. Many villages were destroyed in the fighting and the displaced villagers often fled the country through Albania and onto Yugoslavia. One case is the village of Pimenikon (Babčor) in the
154:
28,595 whereas some ethnic
Macedonian sources put the number of refugees at over 213,000. However, disclosed CIA documents indicated that the Greek government was willing to transfer 50,000 ethnic Macedonians to Yugoslavia from Greece in 1953. Over the course of the war thousands of Communists were killed, imprisoned or had their land confiscated. The headquarters of the Democratic Army in Greece reported that from mid-1945 to May 20, 1947, in Western Macedonia alone, 13,259 were tortured, 3,215 were imprisoned and 268 were executed without trial. In the same period 1,891 had been burnt down and 1,553 had been looted and 13,553 people had been resettled by force. Of the many Macedonians who were imprisoned many would often form their own groups within the prisons. It is claimed that the Greek Prison Camps were located on the islands of
941:
teachers who were trained in psychology did their best to train the children. In
Czechoslovakia they were taught Czech, Greek, Macedonian and Russian. Friction between the Greek and ethnic Macedonian children led to the relocation of the Greek children. Eventually the children were joined by older Partisans and ex-communist members. By 1950 and estimated 4,000 males, 3,475 females and 4,148 children had been evacuated to Czechoslovakia. By 1960 both Greek and Macedonian communities had been established. Unlike in other communist states the majority of the refugees had chosen to remain in Czechoslovakia. Much of the Greek population left in the 1980s to return to Greece. In the early 1990s a branch of the
974:) helped to attract refugees that had settled in other parts of the Eastern Bloc. According to a political report in 1962 the number of political emigrants from Greece numbered at 6,529. Unlike in the other countries in the Eastern Bloc, there were no specific organizations founded to deal with specific issues relating to the child refugees. This caused many to cooperate with the "Association of Refugee Children from the Aegean part of Macedonia", an association based in the Socialist Republic of Macedonia. Eventually many of these migrants relocated to the Republic of Macedonia with many being integrated into mainstream Bulgarian society.
994:. It was here that many of the younger children were reunited with their parents. It is thought that 5,132 children were evacuated to Romania along with 1,981 men and 1,939 women. Of all the children evacuated to the Eastern bloc the largest number were evacuated to Romania. Special provisions were established for the children. They were taught in the Russian, Greek and Macedonian languages along Romanian. Many of the Greek refugee children returned to Greece after the Amnesty Law released in 1982, while the Slav-Macedonian refugee children were subsequently officially recognized as a
199:
took to the hills with the partisans. Widows of dead partisans soon became surrogate mothers for the children and assisted them in their journey to the
Eastern Bloc. Many people also had their children evacuated. By 1948 scores of children had already died from malnutrition, disease and injuries. It is estimated that 8,000 children were taken from the Kastoria area in the ensuing weeks. The children were sorted into groups and made way for the Albanian border. The partisan carers (often young women and men) had to help and support the children as they fled the Civil War.
323:
857:
514:
983:
769:. The first group of refugees to come to Buljkes came from Kumanovo on May 25, 1945. The group included 1454 refugees, mainly partisans. By June 1945 another group of 2,702 refugees had been transferred to Vojvodina. In the spring of 1946 a group of refugees from Greek Macedonia numbering around 250 people had left the camp. Many more had left the commune for adjacent villages, which left the commune primarily Greek populated. It was here that the Greek newspaper
239:. It is estimated that from 28,000 children to 32,000 children were evacuated in the years 1948 and 1949. Exceptions were made for children under the age of two or three who stayed with their mothers while the rest should be evacuated. Many of these children were spread throughout the Eastern Bloc by 1950 there were 5,132 children in Romania, 4,148 in Czechoslovakia, 3,590 in Poland, 2,859 in Hungary and 672 had been evacuated to Bulgaria.
1039:. At the time it was claimed that all of these children were "Greek" but no distinction was made regarding the ethnicity of the children. There were also ethnically Macedonian and Albanian children who had also been sent to the country. Unlike the rest of Eastern Europe the Macedonian language was not taught to the children in Germany, since the majority were Greek Macedonians. Mostly, the Greek children would end up returning to Greece.
191:
183:
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force. Given their important role in the battle, KKE changed its policy towards them. At the fifth Plenum of KKE on
January 31, 1949, a resolution was passed declaring that after KKE's victory, the Slav Macedonians would find their "national restoration" within a united Greek state. Although they had made a critical contribution to the KKE war effort, their contribution was not enough to turn the tide.
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placed in the
Socialist Republic of Macedonia. Over 2,000 homes were prepared for the children in the Socialist Republic of Macedonia. and many were placed into foster care rather than into orphanages and evacuation camps. Across the Eastern Bloc the refugees were often educated in three and often four languages; Greek, the newly codified Macedonian language, the host countries' language and Russian.
1083:
could be found. Many of these depopulated and devastated villages and confiscated properties were given to people from outside of the area. Vlachs and Greeks were given property in the resettlement programme conducted by the Greek
Government from the period 1952–1958. Many properties were confiscated from those persons who had fled the war and had their citizenship subsequently stripped from them.
1166:. Its main aims were to lobby the Greek government in returning citizenship, and allowing visas for re-entry into Greece by the exiled Refugee Children; it was established in 1979 and helped organize the first World Reunion held by the refugees, which was held in Skopje. Chapters of ARCAM were soon established in Toronto, Adelaide, Perth, Melbourne, Skopje, Poland, the Czech Republic and Slovakia.
580:
its intent to "fight for the national self-determination of the repressed Slav
Macedonians (ethnic group)" and after the KKE passed a resolution at its Fifth Plenum on 31 January 1949 in which "after the KKE victory, the Slav-Macedonians would find their national restoration within a united Greek state". The ethnic Macedonians fought alongside the DSE under their own military wing, the
1074:
1946–1949 and because of it have fled abroad as political refugees". This excluded many people who were not "Greeks by genus" such as the
Bulgarians and ethnic Macedonians who had fled Greece following the Civil War. Those who identified themselves as something other than "Greek by genus" were not included in the law and were unable to resume their citizenship or property.
811:
refugees eventually found foster parents in the host country while many of the others were eventually transported back to
Yugoslavia especially from 1955 when Yugoslavia made efforts to attract the child refugees. By the 1970s hundreds of refugees had returned to the Socialist Republic of Macedonia from the Soviet Union. Most notably from the clusters of refugees in
1027:. They were sent across the country but still received support from the Red Cross and an education in Hungarian, Slav-Macedonian, Greek and Russian. Many chose to leave Hungary in search of relatives and family. Others chose to relocate themselves to the Socialist Republic of Macedonia while many ethnic Greeks returned to Greece after 1982.
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were either shut down or destroyed. Many people feared oppression and the loss of their rights under the rule of the Greek government, which in turn caused many people to flee Greece. By 1948, DSE and the Provisional Government, effectively only controlled areas of Northern Greece that Slav-Macedonian villages were also included.
1122:
third was in 2003. The most recent and fourth World Congress of the refugee children from Greek Macedonia began on the 18th of July, 2008. This event gathers child refugees from all over the world. Many participants from Romania, Canada, Poland, the Czech Republic, Australia, the United States and Vojvodina attended the event.
109:
Provisional Government, with its headquarters on Mount Vitse, soon decided to evacuate all children from the ages of 2 to 14 from all areas controlled by the Provisional Government, most of these children were from Macedonian families. By 1948 the areas controlled by the Provisional Government had been reduced to rural
606:
750:. They joined mainstream Macedonian society, with most being highly educated. Most have never returned to Greece. The Republic of Macedonia was the primary destination of Slav-Macedonian refugees from the Greek Civil War. Some estimates put the number of refugees and their descendants at over 50,000 people.
1702:
3rd KKE congress 10–14 October 1950: Situation and problems of the political refugees in People's Republics pages 263–311 (3η Συνδιάσκεψη του Κόμματος (10–14 October 1950. Βλέπε: "III Συνδιάσκεψη του ΚΚΕ, εισηγήσεις, λόγοι, αποφάσεις – Μόνο για εσωκομματική χρήση – Εισήγηση Β. Μπαρτζιώτα: Η κατάσταση
1047:
A large proportion of the adults who had left Europe ended up in the United States, Canada and Australia. Thousands would go on to establish themselves in the hope of returning to Europe. The 1950s witnessed the arrival of over 2,000 refugee children in Canada alone. Thousands of refugees had settled
810:
Wherever the evacuees found themselves across the Eastern bloc, special provisions were made for them. Across the Eastern Bloc the ethnic Macedonian refugees were taught the newly codified Macedonian language and the host country's language; many often learned Russian. A large proportion of the child
280:
Thousands of refugees began to flee across the Eastern Bloc. Many ended up in the Soviet Union, Czechoslovakia and across the Eastern Bloc. Thousands more left for Australia, the United States and Canada. This process separated many families permanently with brothers and sisters often separated from
121:
region which was allegedly eliminated by Greek bombers in 1948, displacing hundreds of people. By this time DSE effectively controlled parts of Northern Greece, along with areas of Macedonia where Macedonians represented a clear majority, along with a large tract of Epirus. By the beginning of 1949,
96:
helped the Democratic Army of Greece (DSE) to continue their struggle. The DSE recruited heavily amongst the community of Macedonia. It has been estimated that by 1949, from 40 to 60 per cent of the rank and file of the DSE was composed of Slav Macedonians, or from 11,000–14,000 of the KKE's fighting
1082:
One major effect of the Macedonian exodus from Northern Greece was the effect of depopulation on the region of Greek Macedonia. This was most markedly felt in the Florina, Kastoria, Kozani and Edessa areas where the Communist party was popular and where the largest concentrations of Slav Macedonians
592:
After the Provisional Government in 1948 announced that all children were to leave the DSE controlled areas of Greece many Slav-Macedonians left the war zone. Some sources estimate that tens of thousands of Slav-Macedonians left Greece in the ensuing period. The exodus of Slav-Macedonians from Greek
588:
from the Kastoria region were also prominent in the ranks of NOF. Under the NOF, Slav-Macedonian culture was allowed to flourish in Greece. Over 10,000 children went to 87 schools, Macedonian language newspapers were printed and theaters opened. As the Governmental forces approached these facilities
579:
in the years 1945 to 1949, many of whom fled to avoid persecution. Although these refugees have been classed as political refugees there have been claims that they were also targeted due to their ethnic and cultural identities. Many Slav Macedonians had sided with the KKE which in 1934 had expressed
1129:
took place in Skopje between 30 June and 3 July. At the reunion the Association of Child Refugees from Greek Macedonia adopted a resolution urging the Greek government to allow Macedonian political refugees who left Greece after the Greek Civil War to return to Greece. In addition a large rally was
1121:
The most notable event organized by ethnic Macedonian refugee children is the "Reunion of the Refugee Children" or the "World Congress of the Refugee Children." The first World Congress of the Refugee Children was held in July, 1988 in the city of Skopje. The second reunion was held in 1998 and the
267:
By early 1949 the situation for the communists had become dire. The Greek-Yugoslav border was closed and daily groups of refugees were fleeing across the Albanian border. From here they would disperse into the rest of the Eastern Bloc. Many of the partisans did not survive the ensuing journey with
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report of General consultant of Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia addressed to foreign ministry of Greece Doc 47 15-7-1951 SMIR, ΡΑ, Grcka, 1951, f-30, d-21,410429, (έκθεση του γενικού προξενείου της Γιουγκοσλαβίας στη Θεσσαλονίκη SMIR, ΡΑ, Grcka, 1951, f-30, d-21,410429, Γενικό Προξενείο
685:
was able to settle 11,000 children across Yugoslavia. Throughout Yugoslavia room was made in specially designed homes by the Red Cross for the refugees. The ten children's homes held approximately 2,000 children. The remaining 9,000 were placed with families in the Socialist Republic of Macedonia.
153:
claims that the total number of political refugees was 55,881, an estimated 28,000–32,000 children were evacuated during the Greek Civil War. A 1951 document from the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia states that the total number of Slav Macedonians that left Greece during the Civil War was
940:
were at first quarantined, bathed and placed into an old German camp. Here the refugee children were given food and shelter as they were sorted into age groups. Surrogate mothers from Greek Macedonia were assigned to the younger children while the older children were placed into school. The Czech
276:
from other parts of the World. Many others were refugees whose homes and businesses had been destroyed by the civil war fighting. Others still were expelled by the Government forces for their collaboration with the Bulgarian Ohrana during the war. Thousands fled across the border before the Greek
198:
On March 4, 1948, the communist "Radio Free Greece" announced that all children under the age of 15 would be evacuated from areas under control of the Provisional Government. The older women were instructed to take the children across the border to Yugoslavia and Albania, while the younger women
1910:
Antoniou Giorgos, Kalyvas Stathis (eds.), The political refugees of the Civil War, University of Macedonia, Thessaloniki, 2015, pp. 8, 9 (Αντωνίου Γιώργος, Καλύβας Στάθης (επιμ.), Οι πολιτικοί πρόσφυγες του Εμφυλίου Πολέμου, Πανεπιστήμιο Μακεδονίας, Θεσσαλονίκη, 2015) ISBN 978-618—81891-6-4. In
663:
Many of the refugee children were placed in Evacuation camps across Europe. They often ended up in places from Poland, Bulgaria and the Soviet Union. The largest group was to end up in Yugoslavia. Here special evacuation camps and Red Cross field hospitals were set up for the children. Most were
289:
In 1947 the legal act L-2 was issued. This meant that all people who had fought against the Greek government during the Greek Civil War and had left Greece would have their citizenship confiscated and were banned from returning to the country. On January 20, 1948 the legal act M was issued which
1095:
Many people who had fled the country were also denied visa for re-entry into Greece. The refugees planned on attending weddings, funerals and other events but were denied access to Greece. These measures were even extended to Australian and Canadian citizens, many of whom have been barred from
1073:
In 1982 the Greek government enabled an Amnesty Law. Law 400/76 permitted the return and repatriation of the political refugees who had left Greece during the Greek Civil War. However, the ministerial decree stated that those free to return were "all Greeks by genus who during the Civil War of
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In 1947 those who had fought the government or who had fled Greece had their citizenship stripped from them. Many of them were barred from re-entering Greece on a permanent or temporary basis. This meant that the exiles and refugees were unable to return to the land of their birth. Many of the
965:
refugees. It is estimated that approximately 2,500 children were sent to Bulgaria and 3,000 partisans fled there in the closing period of the war. There had been a larger flow of refugees into Bulgarian as the Bulgarian Army pulled out of the Drama-Serres region in 1944. A large proportion of
714:
before being relocated to larger urban centers such as Skopje and Bitola. These were joined by thousands more refugees, partisans and expellees until the border with Yugoslavia was closed. From then on refugees had to enter the country via Albania. The majority of these refugee children were
108:
members and other pro-communist citizens. Thousands of people had been executed by firing squads on claims that they had committed atrocities against the Greek state. After the defeat of DSE in Peloponnese a new wave of terror spread across areas controlled by the Government of Athens. The
1086:
Law 1540/85 of April 10, 1985 stated that political refugees could regain property taken by the Greek government as long as they were "Greek by genus". This excluded many people who were not "Greek by genus", namely the Macedonian refugees who claimed that their ethnicity was not Greek.
72:(DSE) and the Greek Government which had returned from exile. Many people chose to return their allegiances as to what they regarded as the rightful government of Greece. Soon the Greek Civil War had broken out between the two opposing sides. Many peasants, leftists, socialists,
773:, was published alongside children's books and the paper of the Communist party of Greece. A primary school was established and the commune began to print its own currency. Eventually the camp was shut down and the villagers were transferred. Other camps were established in
1056:
The removal of a large proportion of the population from Greek Macedonia dramatically changed the social and political landscape of the region. Depopulation, repatriation, discrimination and repopulation would all become issues to be resolved in the period following the
1108:
The ex-partisans and refugee children have established institutions for refugee issues and the exodus of Slav Macedonians from Greece and in order to lobby the Greek government to allow their return to Greece and restoration of their human rights. Eight major
839:
in Central Asia. An estimated 11,980 Partisans were evacuated to the Soviet Union of which 8,573 were males and 3,407 were females. Many of the ethnic Greek partisans remained in the Soviet Union, while most of the ethnic Macedonian partisans would migrate to
672:
Half of all the refugees from the Greek Civil War were sent to Yugoslavia. Many of the early refugees entered Yugoslavia directly while later refugees had to pass through Albania after the border was closed. The majority of the refugees were settled in the
896:. Many Greeks decided to return to Greece after the 1982 Amnesty Law allowed their return, whereas a large proportion of Slav Macedonians ended up leaving Poland for the Socialist Republic of Macedonia. A book about the Macedonian children in Poland (
1010:
in the years 1946–1949. This included 2,161 males, 2,233 females and 2,859 children. The first group of approximately 2,000 children was evacuated to Hungary and placed into military barracks. Another group of 1,200 partisans was transferred from
801:
were repopulated by refugees. By 1946 the total population of Buljkes had reached 4,023 people. Of the remaining Slav-Macedonians in Vojvodina at this time many left for the Czechoslovakia or were resettled in the People's Republic of Macedonia.
1113:" organizations have been set up by the Refugee Children and exiled Slav Macedonians. They have traditionally been orientated towards the ethnic Macedonian refugees, as most of the ethnic Greek refugees have rejoined mainstream Greek society.
242:
The official Greek position was that these children had been forcibly taken from their parents by the Communists to be brought up under a socialist system. The abduction of children is referred to by Greek historians and politicians as the
254:
The term "political refugee" has been vague and in some cases misleading in the case of the Greek Civil War, and includes different categories of people. It is difficult to determine the number of people who left Greece because of
226:
Special Committee on the Balkans (UNSCOB) report confirms that villages with an ethnic (Slavic speaking) Macedonian population were far more willing to let their children be evacuated. They are now known as Децата Бегалци
1703:και τα προβλήματα των πολιτικών προσφύγων στις Λαϊκές Δημοκρατίες", σελ. 263 – 311") Quote: "Total number of political refugees : 55,881 (23,028 men, 14,956 women and 17,596 children, 368 unknown or not accounted)"
1100:, had little or no difficulty when entering Greece. The Greek Helsinki Monitor has called on the Greek government to stop using articles of the Citizenship code to deprive, "non-ethnic Greeks", of their citizenship.
1141:
which has been involved in coordinating the event and reuniting many people with relatives which are still living in Greece. The World Reunion of 1998 included a trip to the Republic of Greece organized by
584:(NOF). From its foundation until its merger with the DSE, the NOF had fought alongside the Greek Communist Party. By 1946 thousands of Slav-Macedonians had joined the struggle with NOF, alongside them
706:. The largest group of refugee children from the Greek Civil War was to end up in the People's Republic of Macedonia. Upon crossing the Yugoslav border many children were sent to villages such as
48:. These included tens of thousands of child refugees who had been forcefully evacuated by the KKE. The war wrought widespread devastation right across Greece and particularly in the regions of
1150:
on the 19th. Although 30 people were barred entry from Greece despite having Canadian citizenship, allegedly due to their ethnic Macedonian identity and involvement in diaspora organizations.
100:
By the spring of 1947 the communist forces controlled much of the Greek rural areas but had yet to achieve significant support in the cities. At the same time, many Greek prisons were full of
765:. Most of these refugees were ELAS members and the so-called "Greek Commune" was established. Although many were Greeks, it is known that a large proportion of the "Greeks" were in fact Slav
660:. It was in Tashkent that the Headquarters of the Greek Communist Party were reestablished. Special preparations were made for the defeated army and accommodation and supplies were readied.
290:
allowed the Greek government to confiscate the property of those who were stripped of their citizenship. This effectively had exiled the defeated KKE and its supporters who had left Greece.
1635:
John S. Koliopoulos. Plundered Loyalties: World War II and Civil War in Greek West Macedonia. Foreword by C. M. Woodhouse. New York: New York University Press. 1999. p. 304. 0814747302
1545:"Incompatible Allies: Greek Communism and Macedonian Nationalism in the Civil War in Greece, 1943–1949. Andrew Rossos", The Journal of Modern History, Vol. 69, No. 1 (Mar., 1997) (
1546:
2974:
1162:(ARCAM) was founded by the refugee children in 1979 with the intention of reuniting all the former child refugees living throughout the whole world. It has worked closely with
1019:. Authorities soon split the groups by the village of origin. They were then "adopted" by the Hungarian community. A Greek village was founded in central Hungary and was named
394:
624:
After the Communist defeat the majority of communists fled to Albania before making their way to the rest of the Eastern Bloc. The majority of the remaining partisans in the
259:" as the 1951 Geneva Convention provides for the determination of a refugee. Many people left voluntarilly and others were forced to follow the guerrillas in Eastern Europe.
3030:
2759:
133:
Many people fled due to the collapse of the DSE, it has also been claimed that many Slav Macedonians fled to avoid possible persecution by the advancing National Army. The
2943:
281:
each other. It was common for mothers to lose contact with their children and never to see them again. The most visible effect of the Civil War was the mass emigration.
1096:
entering Greece. There have been claims that exiles who left Greece were prevented from re-entering Greece when other nationals from the then Republic of Macedonia, now
2754:
2979:
2764:
542:
2739:
593:
Macedonia continued in the aftermath of the Greek Civil War. Most of the refugees were evacuated to the Eastern Bloc, after which many returned to the
761:
became the host to one of the largest refugee populations across the Eastern Bloc. In Vojvodina a special ex-German camp was set up for the refugees,
3035:
1130:
held in Juna 1988 by the refugees who were forced to leave Greece in 1948. This was repeated again on August 10, 1988, the 75th anniversary of the
1518:
Speech presented by Nikos Zachariadis at the Second Congress of the NOF (National Liberation Front of the ethnic Macedonians from Greek Macedonia)
698:. This was for obvious reasons such as the short distance between the borders of Greece and Yugoslavia. Soon the flow of people reversed and many
2437:
1809:
743:
1909:
872:. On 25 October a group of Greek refugee children originally sent to Romania were relocated to Poland. A proportion of these found their way to
2523:
2025:
424:
370:
888:
area while a large proportion was eventually spread across Southern and Central Poland, and soon concentrations of refugees sprung up in
819:. In 1982 the Greek government enabled an Amnesty Law, this caused many "Greeks by genus" to return to Greece in the subsequent period.
3020:
678:
502:
2606:
460:
93:
1209:
535:
337:
89:
32:
in 1949 led thousands of people to leave the country. It has been estimated that by 1949, over 100,000 people had left Greece for
20:
of 1946–1949, members and or supporters of the defeated Communist forces fled Greece as political refugees. The collapse of the
2769:
455:
2832:
2035:
1844:
1442:
1325:
1194:
703:
581:
399:
2411:
1783:
928:) was founded in order to lobby for the Greek government to allow the free return of Civil War refugee children to Greece.
2579:
528:
450:
303:
2644:
2573:
1330:
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were primarily settled in deserted villages and areas across the Republic of Macedonia. A large proportion went to the
486:
434:
384:
352:
215:
105:
85:
2158:
Evacuation to a Cold Country: Child Refugees from the LPP Greek Civil War in the German Democratic Republic, 1949–1989
2948:
2815:
2649:
2421:
2291:
2209:
2092:
2067:
1995:
1967:
1939:
1894:
1869:
1793:
1758:
1687:
1657:
1617:
1575:
1502:
1405:
1368:
101:
1146:. The World Congress lasted in Skopje from 15 July to the 18th. A historic trip was scheduled for the Greek city of
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originally accepted few refugees, government policy changed and the Bulgarian government actively sought ethnically
2461:
2450:
958:
877:
2883:
2718:
945:
was founded in the Czech Republic and in Slovakia. The former Greek refugees were later recognized as a national
841:
695:
674:
594:
409:
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2407:
2405:
2403:
1475:
2412:
Watch 1320 Helsinki, Human Rights Watch/Helsinki (Organization : U.S.); Lois Whitman; Jeri Laber (1994).
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Watch 1320 Helsinki, Human Rights Watch/Helsinki (Organization : U.S.); Lois Whitman; Jeri Laber (1994).
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justified fear of persecution on the grounds of race, religion, nationality, social class or political beliefs
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2400:
2108:
946:
904:) was published in Skopje in 1987. Another book, "The Political refugees from Greece in Poland 1948–1975" (
389:
375:
1823:
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themselves in European cities such as London and Paris in the hope of continuing the struggle of the DSE.
2580:
UK House of Commons, Oral answers to questions, Greece (Abducted Children), 27 June 1949 vol 466 cc754-6
1430:
1283:(1906–1992) – Military Chief of DSE Supreme HQ, president of the Provisional Government, returned later
869:
766:
699:
572:
312:
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Elite Transformation and Democratic Transition in Macedonia and Slovenia, Balkanologie, Vol. III, n° 1
88:, and ideological communists joined the struggle on the side of the KKE and the DSE. Backing from the
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2810:
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1218:(1914–2005) – Brigadier General of DSE, General Secretary of KKE since 1970, returned later in Greece
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273:
150:
69:
25:
21:
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in the 1960s and 1970s. After the amnesty law of 1980 many Greeks returned to Greece, particularly
481:
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3015:
2913:
2698:
2201:
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1609:
1603:
1434:
1190:
2893:
2476:
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774:
518:
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Ethnic Politics in Eastern Europe: A Guide to Nationality Policies, Organizations, and Parties
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2666:
2451:
Council of Europe – Discriminatory laws against Macedonian political refugees from Greece
921:
897:
560:
236:
146:
2462:
Council of Europe: Discriminatory laws against Macedonian political refugees from Greece
1680:
Ourselves and Others: The Development of a Greek Macedonian Cultural Identity Since 1912
356:
2908:
2898:
2847:
2784:
2683:
2517:
2431:
2135:
Ristović, Milan (1997) Експеримент Буљкес: «грчка република» у Југославији 1945–1949 .
2102:
1803:
1423:
1290:
1215:
967:
681:, where Slav-Macedonians still constitute a minority today. The Yugoslav branch of the
476:
138:
49:
1421:
Clogg, Richard (2002). "Catastrophe and occupation and their consequences 1923–1949".
361:
2938:
2918:
2852:
2837:
2774:
2749:
2708:
2688:
2569:
2417:
2287:
2205:
2172:"Przemiany demograficzne społeczności greckiej na Ziemi Lubuskiej w latach 1953–1998"
2088:
2063:
2031:
1991:
1963:
1935:
1890:
1865:
1840:
1789:
1754:
1683:
1653:
1613:
1571:
1498:
1471:
1438:
1401:
1364:
1257:
1221:
1179:
Organization of the Macedonian Descendants from the Aegean Part of Macedonia – Bitola
1015:
to Hungary. An initial refugee camp had been established in the Hungarian village of
686:
The largest group of refugees including 25,000 Slav-Macedonians moved to Yugoslavia.
2030:. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland & Company Inc., Publishers. p. 116.
1012:
762:
649:
2794:
2639:
1286:
1239:
1233:
1024:
873:
864:
Another large group of refugees, numbering at least 12,300, found their way to the
429:
1932:
The Australian People: An Encyclopedia of the Nation, Its People and Their Origins
742:. Large enclaves of refugees and their descendants can be found in the suburbs of
322:
277:
government was able to re-established control in former Communist held territory.
2923:
2857:
2842:
2744:
2615:
2124:
1517:
1393:
1320:
1280:
1263:
1227:
1097:
1058:
913:
905:
856:
845:
719:
576:
419:
379:
232:
211:
142:
110:
81:
77:
53:
17:
56:, causing many people to continue to leave the country even after it had ended.
2878:
2281:
1295:
1275:
1269:
1251:
1147:
1016:
937:
715:
Slav-Macedonian speakers, who remain in the Republic of Macedonia to this day.
223:
127:
45:
2538:
2231:
2171:
3004:
2989:
2928:
1751:
One Europe, Many Nations: A Historical Dictionary of European National Groups
1307:
1203:
912:) has also been published. In 1989 the Association of Macedonians in Poland (
885:
880:. Facilities in Poland were well staffed and modern with assistance from the
865:
73:
1036:
982:
633:
605:
207:
167:
37:
1728:
1035:
It has been estimated that around 1,200 child refugees found their way to
798:
778:
2984:
2703:
2561:
2060:
Sojourners and Settlers: The Slav-Macedonian Community in Toronto to 1940
1131:
1020:
648:. A commune of ex-communist partisans had been established in village of
65:
711:
248:
1927:
1824:
https://www.cia.gov/readingroom/docs/CIA-RDP79T00975A001000200001-7.pdf
694:
Most of the post-World War Two refugees sent to Yugoslavia went to the
585:
219:
159:
33:
1887:
The Past in Question: Modern Macedonia and the Uncertainties of Nation
1361:
The Past in Question: Modern Macedonia and the Uncertainties of Nation
991:
966:
Macedonian speakers emigrated there. The "Slavic Committee" in Sofia (
893:
881:
758:
682:
653:
268:
many perishing. They were stirred on by the hope of fighting for the
2284:
Sojourners and Settlers: The Macedonian Community in Toronto to 1940
1164:
The Association of the Macedonians from the Aegean Part of Macedonia
889:
2512:. Université de Budapest. pp. Vol. III, juillet 1999, page 20.
836:
832:
816:
812:
739:
735:
734:
and the surrounding areas, while refugee camps were established in
727:
707:
629:
118:
29:
2584:
2282:
Petroff, Lilian; Multicultural History Society of Ontario (1995).
1862:
Becoming a Subject: Political Prisoners During the Greek Civil War
782:
222:
children were evacuated from the areas under communist control. A
1605:
Eastern Europe: An Introduction to the People, Lands, and Culture
1160:
Association of Refugee Children from the Aegean part of Macedonia
1007:
943:
Association of Refugee Children from the Aegean part of Macedonia
645:
641:
190:
182:
2125:
Association of Social History – The Buljkes Experiment 1945–1949
2027:
Macedonia and Greece: The Struggle to Define a New Balkan Nation
990:
A large evacuation camp was established in the Romanian town of
786:
130:
and in Peloponnese, helped destabilize the position of the DSE.
2087:. 1991: Continuum International Publishing Group. p. 127.
1532:
1530:
1242:(1912–1978) – Former president of the National Liberation Front
794:
747:
731:
723:
637:
171:
163:
155:
126:, recruiting problems for DSE, as well as major defeats in the
114:
2566:
Dangerous Citizens: The Greek Left and the Terror of the State
790:
141:
who left Greece as a result of the Civil War, particularly in
262:
1527:
1304:(1903–1973) – General secretary of the Greek Communist Party
2654:
1198:
1175:
Association of the Refugee Children – Republic of Macedonia
1127:
International Reunion of Child Refugees of Aegean Macedonia
702:
from Yugoslavia entered Greece with the hope of aiding the
657:
41:
2497:
Georgi Donevski Visits the Macedonian Community in Toronto
1137:
The second world reunion was planned with the help of the
1169:
Other groups founded by the Refugee Children include the
868:
area in Poland. This group included both Greeks and Slav
293:
2539:"MHRMI – Macedonian Human Rights Movement International"
2232:"MHRMI – Macedonian Human Rights Movement International"
1677:
1116:
1647:
1468:Η Τραγική αναμέτρηση, 1945–1949 – Ο μύθος και η αλήθεια
1212:(1937-) – professor, philosopher, politician and writer
68:
were defeated, fighting promptly broke out between the
2269:
Aegean Macedonians and the Bulgarian Identity Politics
2254:
Aegean Macedonians and the Bulgarian Identity Politics
1236:(1943-) – jurist, politician and painter from Kastoria
2286:. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. p. 180.
1248:(1905–1980) – Member of the CC of KKE, returned later
600:
3031:
Humanitarian crises in the aftermath of World War II
2308:"Country Report on Human Rights Practices in Greece"
1077:
1643:
1641:
2414:Denying Ethnic Identity: The Macedonians of Greece
2193:
1960:Macedonia: The Politics of Identity and Difference
1922:
1920:
1918:
1786:Denying Ethnic Identity: The Macedonians of Greece
1631:
1629:
1422:
689:
122:increased American aid for the National Army, the
2271:. Oxford: St Antony's College, Oxford. p. 7.
2256:. Oxford: St Antony's College, Oxford. p. 5.
2151:
2149:
2147:
2145:
1981:
1979:
1953:
1951:
1673:
1671:
1669:
1597:
1595:
1593:
1591:
1589:
1587:
3002:
2471:
2469:
1638:
1561:
1559:
1557:
1555:
1488:
1486:
1484:
1388:
1386:
1384:
1382:
1380:
1224:(1927–2008) – historian, scientist and publisher
1171:Association of the Expelled Macedonians "Aegean"
1006:A large group of refugees was also evacuated to
910:Uchodźcy Polityczni z Grecji w Polsce; 1948–1975
619: A major resettlement point of the refugees
575:who were evacuated, fled or expelled during the
1915:
1706:
1626:
1103:
1090:
2142:
1990:. C. Hurst & Co. Publishers. p. 167.
1976:
1948:
1666:
1648:Kalyvas, Stathis N.; Eleni Yannakakis (2006).
1584:
1272:(Andreja Čipov) (1904–1956) – communist leader
2600:
2466:
2120:
2118:
1678:Macridge, Peter A.; Eleni Yannakakis (1997).
1552:
1481:
1377:
1030:
536:
2225:
2223:
2221:
2062:. University of Toronto Press. p. 180.
1266:(1935–2003) – phonologist and dialectologist
730:areas. Another large group was to settle in
613: A refugee camp or temporary settlement
2507:
2436:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
2416:. Toronto: Human Rights Watch. p. 27.
2085:Outsiders: A History of European Minorities
1934:. Cambridge University Press. p. 574.
1889:. Princeton University Press. p. 271.
1808:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
1753:. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 440.
1652:. Cambridge University Press. p. 312.
1363:. Princeton University Press. p. 271.
1184:
2607:
2593:
2522:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
2115:
1788:. Toronto: Human Rights Watch. p. 6.
1400:. Princeton University Press. p. 54.
679:Socialist Autonomous Province of Vojvodina
543:
529:
503:Timeline of the history of North Macedonia
263:Evacuations following the Communist defeat
186:Refugee children fleeing across the border
2564:, the online version of Neni Panourgiá's
2218:
1570:. Carlisle: Hesperian Press. p. 32.
949:by the Government of the Czech Republic.
884:. Many of these remained refugees in the
831:thousands of partisans were evacuated to
2191:
2160:. Toronto: Carfax Publishing. p. 3.
1837:Macedonia and the Macedonians: A History
1392:
981:
855:
604:
189:
181:
90:Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia
2655:National Republican Greek League (EDES)
2266:
2251:
2155:
2057:
1985:
1748:
1712:
1497:. Victoria: Aristoc Press. p. 91.
1492:
1310:Elefteriadu – popular Czech duo singers
1042:
876:. Another camp had been established in
461:History of the ethnic Macedonian people
247:(Παιδομάζωμα), alluding to the Ottoman
24:(DSE) and subsequent evacuation of the
3003:
2770:Massacre of the First Sapper Battalion
2536:
2229:
2082:
1859:
1834:
1601:
1289:(1931-) – historian and politologist,
1064:
936:The first refugee children to come to
294:Exodus of Slav-Macedonians from Greece
94:Socialist People's Republic of Albania
2833:National Liberation Front (Macedonia)
2588:
1957:
1884:
1822:Current Intelligence bulletin, pg.3,
1420:
1358:
1326:National Liberation Front (Macedonia)
1195:National Liberation Front (Macedonia)
1117:The World Reunion of Refugee Children
1023:, after the Greek Communist Fighter,
582:National Liberation Front (Macedonia)
2023:
2017:
1926:
1565:
1414:
1298:(1922–2001) – composer and architect
284:
3036:Post–World War II forced migrations
2614:
860:A group of child refugees in Poland
177:
13:
1650:The Logic of Violence in Civil War
1331:Slavic speakers of Greek Macedonia
918:Towarzystwo Macedończyków w Polsce
601:Establishment of refugees overseas
59:
14:
3047:
3021:Modern history of Greek Macedonia
2816:Provisional Democratic Government
2555:
2200:. Toronto: M.E. Sharpe. pp.
1144:Slav Macedonians living in Greece
1078:Depopulation and loss of property
986:Child refugees in Romania in 1949
931:
559:of Slav Macedonians from Greece (
135:Exodus of Macedonians from Greece
1682:. Berg Publishers. p. 148.
1522:Σαράντα Χρόνια του ΚΚΕ 1918–1958
926:Друштво на Македонците во Полска
512:
321:
2884:Archbishop Damaskinos of Athens
2530:
2501:
2490:
2455:
2444:
2375:
2350:
2325:
2300:
2275:
2260:
2245:
2185:
2164:
2129:
2076:
2051:
2004:
1903:
1878:
1864:. Berghahn Books. p. 204.
1853:
1828:
1816:
1777:
1767:
1742:
1721:
1696:
1308:Martha (1946-) and Tena (1948-)
1153:
822:
805:
696:Socialist Republic of Macedonia
690:Socialist Republic of Macedonia
677:while many were settled in the
675:Socialist Republic of Macedonia
595:Socialist Republic of Macedonia
2650:Greek People's Liberation Army
2137:Годишњак за друштвену историју
1715:Macedonia Its Disputed History
1539:
1511:
1495:Macedonia Its Disputed History
1460:
1352:
569:Egzodus na Makedonci od Grcija
565:Егзодус на Македонци од Грција
1:
2975:Sacred Bond of Greek Officers
2012:Πέντε Χρόνια Αγώνες 1931–1936
1839:. Hoover Press. p. 208.
1536:KKE Official documents, vol 8
1346:
959:People's Republic of Bulgaria
667:
571:) refers to the thousands of
395:Anti-Fascist Assembly (ASNOM)
2662:Collaborationist governments
1568:The Macedonians in Australia
1193:(1909–1996) – member of the
1104:Initiatives and organization
1091:Denial of re-entry to Greece
1051:
753:
636:, while others were sent to
231:) "the Refugee Children" in
7:
2508:Daskalovski, Židas (1999).
1962:. Pluto Press. p. 37.
1425:A Concise History of Greece
1314:
952:
902:Македонските деца во Полска
405:Exodus from Northern Greece
10:
3052:
2944:Countryside Security Units
2267:Marinov, Tchavdar (2004).
2252:Marinov, Tchavdar (2004).
2139:IV, св. 2–3, стр. 179–201.
1860:Voglis, Polymeris (2002).
1431:Cambridge University Press
1031:German Democratic Republic
1001:
977:
827:After the collapse of the
519:North Macedonia portal
237:ethnic Macedonian diaspora
147:ethnic Macedonian diaspora
137:was the experience of the
2957:
2866:
2821:Democratic Army of Greece
2811:Communist Party of Greece
2803:
2732:
2674:Greek government-in-exile
2645:National Liberation Front
2635:Axis occupation of Greece
2622:
2562:Dangerous Citizens Online
2192:Bugajski, Janusz (1993).
1341:Democratic Army of Greece
1254:(1936–2016) – folk singer
1206:(1924–2010) – philosopher
971:
925:
901:
851:
829:Democratic Army of Greece
704:National Liberation Front
626:Democratic Army of Greece
564:
400:National Liberation Front
274:Democratic Army of Greece
80:, ethnic minorities from
70:Democratic Army of Greece
26:Communist Party of Greece
22:Democratic Army of Greece
2934:Royal Hellenic Air Force
2387:U.S. Department of State
2362:U.S. Department of State
2337:U.S. Department of State
2312:U.S. Department of State
2156:Troebst, Stefan (2004).
2107:: CS1 maint: location (
2083:Panayi, Panikos (2004).
2058:Petroff, Lilian (1995).
2014:, Athens, 2nd ed., 1946.
1988:Who are the Macedonians?
1602:Frucht, Richard (2000).
1185:List of notable refugees
390:Independent State (1944)
2914:Thrasyvoulos Tsakalotos
2699:Battle of Kilkis (1944)
1958:Cowan, Jane K. (2000).
1835:Rossos, Andrew (2007).
1749:Minahan, James (2000).
1729:"Macedonians in Greece"
1524:, Athens, 1958, p. 575.
1398:The Macedonian Conflict
338:Ottoman North Macedonia
162:, the Averof jail near
2894:Konstantinos Tsaldaris
1986:Poulton, Hugh (2000).
1713:Simpson, Neil (1994).
1493:Simpson, Neil (1994).
1132:Partition of Macedonia
987:
917:
909:
861:
793:while the villages of
628:had been evacuated to
621:
415:1963 Skopje earthquake
195:
187:
2904:Konstantinos Ventiris
2889:Themistoklis Sofoulis
1885:Brown, Keith (2003).
1608:. ABC-CLIO. pp.
1359:Keith, Brown (2003).
1336:Greek Communist Party
1246:Dimitrios Partsalidis
985:
859:
608:
270:Greek Communist Party
193:
185:
16:During and after the
2958:Impact and aftermath
2760:Capture of Ierapetra
2755:Thessaloniki bombing
2630:4th of August Regime
1566:Hill, Peter (1989).
1466:Ζαούσης Αλέξανδρος.
1302:Nikolaos Zachariadis
1191:Vangel Ajanovski-Oče
1043:Refugees in the West
420:Independent Republic
2874:George II of Greece
2867:National Government
2826:Popular Civil Guard
2780:Operation Peristera
2694:Battle of Meligalas
2667:Security Battalions
2024:Shea, John (1997).
1429:(Second ed.).
1394:Danforth, Loring M.
1065:Loss of citizenship
746:and Avtokomanda in
477:Region of Macedonia
435:2020 NATO accession
343:Karposh's Rebellion
64:After the invading
40:, particularly the
2980:Centrist Interlude
2909:Konstantinos Dovas
2899:Alexandros Papagos
2848:Charilaos Florakis
2785:Operation Pyravlos
2765:Operation Charavgi
2733:Events (1946-1949)
2684:Lebanon Conference
1291:professor emeritus
1216:Charilaos Florakis
988:
862:
842:Yugoslav Macedonia
718:The refugees from
700:ethnic Macedonians
622:
495:Lists and outlines
410:Socialist Republic
348:National awakening
196:
188:
139:ethnic Macedonians
2998:
2997:
2939:Greek Gendarmerie
2919:Dimitrios Giatzis
2853:Alexandros Rosios
2838:Nikos Zachariadis
2790:Tito–Stalin split
2775:Operation Koronis
2750:Battle of Konitsa
2709:Treaty of Varkiza
2689:Caserta Agreement
2037:978-0-7864-0228-1
1846:978-0-8179-4881-8
1444:978-0-521-00479-4
1258:Alexandros Rosios
1222:Risto Kirjazovski
972:Славянски Комитет
553:
552:
285:Exile from Greece
216:Slavic Macedonian
166:and the jails in
124:Tito–Stalin split
3043:
2795:Operation Pyrsos
2740:Litochoro attack
2640:Greek Resistance
2609:
2602:
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2055:
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2048:
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2021:
2015:
2008:
2002:
2001:
1983:
1974:
1973:
1955:
1946:
1945:
1924:
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1901:
1900:
1882:
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1428:
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1412:
1411:
1390:
1375:
1374:
1356:
1287:Ilios Yannakakis
1260:, returned later
1240:Paskal Mitrevski
1234:Jagnula Kunovska
1210:Dimitar Dimitrov
1025:Nikos Beloyannis
973:
927:
903:
771:Foni tou Boulkes
618:
612:
573:Slav Macedonians
566:
545:
538:
531:
517:
516:
515:
430:Prespa Agreement
357:Kruševo Republic
353:Ilinden Uprising
325:
298:
297:
204:Greek Macedonian
194:Refugee children
178:Refugee children
86:Slav Macedonians
3051:
3050:
3046:
3045:
3044:
3042:
3041:
3040:
3026:Refugees by war
3011:Greek Civil War
3001:
3000:
2999:
2994:
2953:
2924:James Van Fleet
2862:
2858:Petros Kokkalis
2843:Markos Vafiadis
2799:
2745:Truman Doctrine
2728:
2724:1946 referendum
2618:
2616:Greek Civil War
2613:
2558:
2553:
2543:
2541:
2535:
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2515:
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2479:
2477:"Press Release"
2475:
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2018:
2009:
2005:
1998:
1984:
1977:
1970:
1956:
1949:
1942:
1925:
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1904:
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1264:Blagoj Shklifov
1228:Petros Kokkalis
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111:Greek Macedonia
82:Northern Greece
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18:Greek Civil War
12:
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2013:
2007:
1999:
1997:1-85065-534-0
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1989:
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1969:0-7453-1589-5
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1954:
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1941:0-521-80789-1
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1717:. p. 92.
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1139:Rainbow Party
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886:Lower Silesia
883:
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744:Topansko Pole
741:
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335:
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333:
330:Chronological
329:
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305:
300:
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291:
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246:
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234:
230:
225:
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217:
213:
209:
205:
202:Thousands of
200:
192:
184:
175:
173:
169:
165:
161:
157:
152:
148:
144:
140:
136:
131:
129:
125:
120:
116:
112:
107:
103:
98:
95:
91:
87:
83:
79:
75:
74:Pontic Greeks
71:
67:
57:
55:
51:
47:
43:
39:
35:
31:
27:
23:
19:
2964:
2714:White Terror
2565:
2542:. Retrieved
2537:TJ-Hosting.
2532:
2509:
2503:
2492:
2480:. Retrieved
2457:
2446:
2413:
2390:. Retrieved
2386:
2377:
2365:. Retrieved
2361:
2352:
2340:. Retrieved
2336:
2327:
2315:. Retrieved
2311:
2302:
2283:
2277:
2268:
2262:
2253:
2247:
2235:. Retrieved
2230:TJ-Hosting.
2195:
2187:
2175:. Retrieved
2166:
2157:
2136:
2131:
2084:
2078:
2059:
2053:
2041:. Retrieved
2026:
2019:
2011:
2006:
1987:
1959:
1931:
1905:
1886:
1880:
1861:
1855:
1836:
1830:
1818:
1785:
1779:
1769:
1750:
1744:
1732:. Retrieved
1723:
1714:
1708:
1698:
1679:
1649:
1604:
1567:
1541:
1521:
1513:
1494:
1467:
1462:
1454:
1448:. Retrieved
1424:
1416:
1397:
1360:
1354:
1178:
1174:
1170:
1168:
1163:
1159:
1157:
1154:Other groups
1136:
1126:
1124:
1120:
1111:Deca Begalci
1110:
1107:
1094:
1085:
1081:
1072:
1068:
1055:
1046:
1037:East Germany
1034:
1005:
989:
956:
942:
935:
863:
826:
823:Soviet Union
809:
806:Eastern Bloc
770:
757:
717:
693:
671:
662:
634:Soviet Union
623:
591:
568:
556:
554:
456:Demographics
404:
385:World War II
376:South Serbia
288:
279:
266:
256:
253:
241:
228:
208:Pontic Greek
201:
197:
168:Thessaloniki
134:
132:
99:
63:
38:Eastern Bloc
15:
2985:Greek junta
2704:Dekemvriana
1928:Jupp, James
1433:. pp.
1021:Beloiannisz
874:Lądek-Zdrój
870:Macedonians
767:Macedonians
371:World War I
245:Paidomazoma
104:Partisans,
66:Axis powers
3005:Categories
2804:Communists
2679:Red Terror
2623:Background
2544:27 October
2482:27 October
2392:27 October
2367:27 October
2342:27 October
2317:27 October
2237:27 October
2177:27 October
1734:27 October
1476:9607213432
1450:2008-11-24
1347:References
1125:The First
963:Macedonian
922:Macedonian
898:Macedonian
878:Krościenko
775:Bela Crkva
668:Yugoslavia
658:Yugoslavia
586:Aromanians
561:Macedonian
313:History of
160:Makronisos
34:Yugoslavia
2518:cite book
2432:cite book
2103:cite book
1804:cite book
1052:Aftermath
968:Bulgarian
894:Zgorzelec
882:Red Cross
799:Kruševlje
779:Plandište
759:Vojvodina
754:Vojvodina
683:Red Cross
654:Vojvodina
220:Aromanian
50:Macedonia
28:(KKE) to
2965:Refugees
2383:"Greece"
2358:"Greece"
2333:"Greece"
1930:(2001).
1396:(1997).
1315:See also
1230:, doctor
1177:and the
953:Bulgaria
947:minority
837:Alma Ata
833:Tashkent
817:Alma Ata
813:Tashkent
740:Strumica
736:Kumanovo
728:Gostivar
712:Brajčino
708:Ljubojno
630:Tashkent
451:Military
304:a series
302:Part of
272:and the
249:Devşirme
235:and the
145:and the
119:Kastoria
92:and the
36:and the
30:Tashkent
2043:20 June
1013:Buljkes
1008:Hungary
1002:Hungary
992:Tulgheş
978:Romania
763:Buljkes
650:Buljkes
646:Romania
642:Hungary
632:in the
469:Related
443:Topical
362:Tikveš
149:. The
128:islands
2572:
2420:
2290:
2208:
2091:
2066:
2034:
1994:
1966:
1938:
1911:Greek.
1893:
1868:
1843:
1792:
1757:
1686:
1656:
1616:
1574:
1501:
1474:
1455:clogg.
1441:
1404:
1367:
1173:, the
1148:Edessa
914:Polish
906:Polish
890:Gdańsk
852:Poland
795:Gakovo
748:Skopje
732:Bitola
724:Tetovo
638:Poland
617:
611:
557:Exodus
306:on the
172:Larisa
164:Athens
156:Ikaria
115:Epirus
54:Epirus
2010:KKE,
1547:p. 42
783:Vršac
84:like
2570:ISBN
2546:2015
2524:link
2484:2015
2438:link
2418:ISBN
2394:2015
2369:2015
2344:2015
2319:2015
2288:ISBN
2239:2015
2206:ISBN
2179:2015
2109:link
2089:ISBN
2064:ISBN
2045:2014
2032:ISBN
1992:ISBN
1964:ISBN
1936:ISBN
1891:ISBN
1866:ISBN
1841:ISBN
1810:link
1790:ISBN
1755:ISBN
1736:2015
1684:ISBN
1654:ISBN
1614:ISBN
1572:ISBN
1499:ISBN
1472:ISBN
1439:ISBN
1402:ISBN
1365:ISBN
1199:SNOF
1158:The
892:and
835:and
815:and
797:and
789:and
787:Ečka
738:and
726:and
710:and
644:and
555:The
378:and
364:and
355:and
218:and
170:and
158:and
113:and
102:ELAS
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