59:
1026:
Ritual
Dynamics and Religious Change in the Roman Empire. Proceedings of the Eighth Workshop of the International Network Impact of Empire (Heidelberg, July 5–7, 2007)
277:
605:
in official Roman religion, contradicts the commonplace notion that women's religious activities in ancient Rome were restricted to the private or
684:, including Sergia Paullina, the wife of Cn. Pinarius Cornelius Severus, shortly before 112 AD, and Manlia Fadilla around the 2nd/3rd century AD.
700:
was technically superior to the pontiffs, the rank conferred no real political gain. Because of this there would be some years without a
332:
553:
assuming political power and military command, as well as some sacral functions. It is a matter of scholarly debate as to whether the
519:
270:
1130:
119:
37:
413:, also performed religious duties specific to her role. Marriage was thus such a fundamental part of the priesthood that if the
310:
148:
972:
781:
1099:
Fasti sacerdotum: A Prosopography of Pagan, Jewish, and
Christian Religious Officials in the City of Rome, 300 BC to AD 499
1029:
263:
1013:
1009:
933:
884:
844:
812:
251:
738:
705:
581:("queen of the sacred things") was a high priestess who carried out ritual duties only she could perform. On the
17:
677:
109:
557:
was a "decayed king" and it's discussed if this figure was created during the formation of the
Republic, as
324:
244:
627:) were complements to a male partner; these two priesthoods were gender-balanced and had shared duties.
58:
1062:
657:
490:
314:
291:
241:
75:
944:
867:
823:
328:
615:
220:
912:, the requirement that the priest resign if his wife should die is better documented for the
215:
248:
8:
726:
624:
400:
84:
1101:(Oxford University Press, 2008, originally published in German 2005), pp. 223, 783, 840.
855:
558:
403:. A further requirement was that he be born from parents married through the ritual of
153:
978:
968:
734:
494:
448:, and carried a ceremonial axe; as a priest of archaic Roman religion, he sacrificed
363:
189:
606:
598:
463:
357:
319:
184:
169:
804:
750:
562:
546:
467:
225:
881:
Social
Struggles in Archaic Rome: New Perspectives on the Conflict of the Orders
712:
as there was mention of it during the empire until it was probably abolished by
345:
760:
754:
388:
194:
133:
1124:
982:
925:
913:
782:"LacusCurtius • Roman Religion — Rex Sacrificulus (Smith's Dictionary, 1875)"
538:
525:
450:
409:, which was also the form of marriage he himself had to enter. His wife, the
351:
199:
179:
94:
537:
was barred from a political and military career. After the overthrow of the
1006:
The
Beginning of Rome: Italy and Rome from the Bronze Age to the Punic Wars
713:
708:
the office was entirely in disuse, but seems to have been revived later by
662:
652:
550:
405:
307:
696:
was not a highly coveted position among the patricians, for although the
639:
841:
A Critical
History of Early Rome: From Prehistory to the First Punic War
1033:
962:
860:
Quinto contributo alla storia degli studi classici e del mondo antico
601:. The highly public nature of these sacrifices, like the role of the
709:
510:
506:
502:
471:
104:
1024:
Emily A. Hemelrijk, "Women and
Sacrifice in the Roman Empire," in
811:(Polity Press, 2007, originally published in German 2001), p. 223
733:, edited by Michael Ashley. (Carroll & Graf Publishers, 1995)
470:
for the month. On March 24 and May 24, he held a sacrifice in the
862:(Edizioni di storia e letteratura, 1975), vol. 1, p. 311, citing
602:
582:
459:
443:
517:
was not elected, and his inauguration was merely witnessed by a
1067:
1012:; Momigliano, "The Origins of the Roman Republic", pp. 311–312
498:
128:
99:
63:
671:
530:
513:. At Rome the priesthood was deliberately depoliticized; the
479:
376:
143:
138:
89:
928:, "Roman Footwear" and "Reconstructing Roman Clothing", in
863:
437:
932:(University of Wisconsin Press, 1994), pp. 125 and 216
429:, although he was more or less a powerless figurehead.
1053:(University of North Carolina Press, 2006), pp. 79–81.
883:(Blackwell 2005, originally published 1986), p. 223
908:Although scholars agree that this applied to the
1122:
1051:Women's Religious Activity in the Roman Republic
960:
843:(University of California Press, 2005), p. 136
523:, an assembly called for the purpose. Like the
478:seems to have functioned as the high priest of
763:, another Roman priest given the title "king".
642:twigs tied up with a white woolen thread. The
300:("king of the sacred things", also sometimes
271:
1112:A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities
399:from a list of patricians submitted by the
951:(Cambridge University Press, 1998), p. 56.
858:, "The Origins of the Roman Republic", in
278:
264:
731:The Mammoth Book of Historical Detectives
343:was of highest prestige, followed by the
687:
650:were required to marry by the ritual of
14:
1123:
317:. Although in the historical era, the
1104:
719:
529:but in contrast to the pontiffs and
333:ranking of the highest Roman priests
666:of 445 BC, it is possible that the
609:. Unlike the Vestals, however, the
589:presided at the sacrifice of a sow
24:
630:While performing her rituals, the
568:
474:. In addition to these duties the
440:, the undecorated soft "shoeboot"
252:Glossary of ancient Roman religion
25:
1142:
1086:Roman Gods: A Conceptual Approach
947:, J.A. North, and S.R.F. Price,
830:, 198 in the edition of Lindsay.
57:
1091:
1078:
1056:
1043:
1018:
1008:(Routledge, 1995), pp. 234–235
998:
989:
954:
938:
545:fulfilled at least some of the
1131:Ancient Roman religious titles
1110:William Smith, Charles Anthon
919:
902:
889:
873:
849:
833:
817:
798:
774:
561:argued, or had existed in the
382:
110:Quindecimviri sacris faciundis
27:Ancient Roman religious office
13:
1:
767:
995:See for instance Livy 2.2.1.
949:Religions of Rome: A History
725:"The King of Sacrifices" by
634:wore a headdress called the
466:, he announced the dates of
7:
1088:(Brill, 2009), pp. 182–183.
1028:(Brill, 2009), pp. 258–259
744:
638:, formed from a garland of
493:religion and possibly also
10:
1147:
930:The World of Roman Costume
680:record the names of a few
656:, originally reserved for
961:Le Glay, Marcel. (2009).
547:sacral duties of kingship
454:, with head covered. The
753:, a similar office from
497:. The title is found in
458:held a sacrifice on the
242:Religion in ancient Rome
868:Dionysius Halicarnassus
704:at all. By the time of
897:Religion of the Romans
809:Religion of the Romans
462:of each month. On the
292:ancient Roman religion
1075:, "Phoenician apple."
1071:4.137; pomegranate =
786:penelope.uchicago.edu
688:Decline and later use
216:Virgo Vestalis Maxima
585:of every month, the
325:Roman state religion
249:Gallo-Roman religion
967:. Wiley-Blackwell.
727:John Maddox Roberts
573:As the wife of the
421:had to resign. The
401:College of Pontiffs
105:Septemviri epulonum
1049:Celia E. Schultz,
879:Kurt A. Raaflaub,
856:Arnaldo Momigliano
720:In popular culture
706:Antony's civil war
623:or high priest of
559:Arnaldo Momigliano
395:was chosen by the
154:Sodales Augustales
118:Other colleges or
974:978-1-4051-8327-7
964:A history of Rome
619:(the wife of the
489:was a feature of
375:was based in the
364:Flamen Quirinalis
331:says that in the
288:
287:
190:Flamen Quirinalis
16:(Redirected from
1138:
1115:
1108:
1102:
1095:
1089:
1082:
1076:
1060:
1054:
1047:
1041:
1022:
1016:
1002:
996:
993:
987:
986:
958:
952:
942:
936:
923:
917:
906:
900:
893:
887:
877:
871:
853:
847:
837:
831:
821:
815:
802:
796:
795:
793:
792:
778:
682:reginae sacrorum
670:could have been
660:, but after the
616:flaminica Dialis
541:, the office of
427:pontifex maximus
397:pontifex maximus
369:pontifex maximus
358:Flamen Martialis
346:flamines maiores
323:was the head of
320:pontifex maximus
303:rex sacrificulus
280:
273:
266:
221:Flaminica Dialis
185:Flamen Martialis
170:Pontifex maximus
61:
52:
43:
40:
32:
31:
21:
1146:
1145:
1141:
1140:
1139:
1137:
1136:
1135:
1121:
1120:
1119:
1118:
1109:
1105:
1096:
1092:
1084:Michael Lipka,
1083:
1079:
1061:
1057:
1048:
1044:
1023:
1019:
1003:
999:
994:
990:
975:
959:
955:
943:
939:
924:
920:
907:
903:
894:
890:
878:
874:
854:
850:
839:Gary Forsythe,
838:
834:
828:ordo sacerdotum
822:
818:
803:
799:
790:
788:
780:
779:
775:
770:
751:Archon basileus
747:
722:
690:
648:regina sacrorum
611:regina sacrorum
607:domestic sphere
593:or female lamb
579:regina sacrorum
571:
569:Regina sacrorum
411:regina sacrorum
385:
337:ordo sacerdotum
284:
247:
226:Regina sacrorum
134:Fratres Arvales
69:
51:of ancient Rome
50:
48:
38:
35:
28:
23:
22:
18:Regina sacrorum
15:
12:
11:
5:
1144:
1134:
1133:
1117:
1116:
1103:
1090:
1077:
1055:
1042:
1017:
997:
988:
973:
953:
937:
918:
901:
888:
872:
848:
832:
816:
797:
772:
771:
769:
766:
765:
764:
761:Rex Nemorensis
758:
755:ancient Greece
746:
743:
742:
741:
721:
718:
692:The office of
689:
686:
570:
567:
520:comitia calata
425:was above the
389:Roman Republic
384:
381:
286:
285:
283:
282:
275:
268:
260:
257:
256:
255:
254:
236:
235:
234:Related topics
231:
230:
229:
228:
223:
218:
210:
209:
205:
204:
203:
202:
197:
195:Rex Nemorensis
192:
187:
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172:
164:
163:
159:
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151:
146:
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136:
131:
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115:
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92:
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71:
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62:
54:
53:
45:
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3:
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1128:
1126:
1113:
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1081:
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1064:
1059:
1052:
1046:
1039:
1035:
1031:
1027:
1021:
1015:
1011:
1007:
1004:Tim Cornell,
1001:
992:
984:
980:
976:
970:
966:
965:
957:
950:
946:
941:
935:
931:
927:
926:Norma Goldman
922:
915:
914:Flamen Dialis
911:
905:
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892:
886:
882:
876:
869:
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806:
801:
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749:
748:
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739:0-7867-0214-1
736:
732:
728:
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711:
707:
703:
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695:
685:
683:
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673:
669:
665:
664:
659:
655:
654:
649:
645:
641:
637:
633:
628:
626:
622:
621:flamen Dialis
618:
617:
612:
608:
604:
600:
596:
592:
588:
584:
580:
576:
566:
564:
560:
556:
552:
548:
544:
540:
539:kings of Rome
536:
532:
528:
527:
526:flamen Dialis
522:
521:
516:
512:
508:
504:
500:
496:
492:
488:
483:
481:
477:
473:
469:
465:
461:
457:
453:
452:
451:capite velato
447:
445:
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435:
430:
428:
424:
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416:
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398:
394:
390:
380:
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374:
370:
366:
365:
360:
359:
354:
353:
352:Flamen Dialis
348:
347:
342:
338:
334:
330:
326:
322:
321:
316:
313:reserved for
312:
309:
305:
304:
299:
298:
293:
281:
276:
274:
269:
267:
262:
261:
259:
258:
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250:
246:
245:Imperial cult
243:
240:
239:
238:
237:
233:
232:
227:
224:
222:
219:
217:
214:
213:
212:
211:
207:
206:
201:
200:Curio maximus
198:
196:
193:
191:
188:
186:
183:
181:
180:Flamen Dialis
178:
176:
173:
171:
168:
167:
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165:
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160:
155:
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147:
145:
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132:
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117:
116:
111:
108:
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101:
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68:
65:
60:
56:
55:
47:
46:
41:
34:
33:
30:
19:
1111:
1106:
1098:
1097:Jörg Rüpke,
1093:
1085:
1080:
1073:malus Punica
1072:
1066:
1058:
1050:
1045:
1037:
1025:
1020:
1005:
1000:
991:
963:
956:
948:
940:
929:
921:
910:rex sacrorum
909:
904:
896:
891:
880:
875:
859:
851:
840:
835:
827:
819:
808:
800:
789:. Retrieved
785:
776:
730:
714:Theodosius I
702:rex sacrorum
701:
698:rex sacrorum
697:
694:rex sacrorum
693:
691:
681:
678:Inscriptions
676:
667:
663:Lex Canuleia
661:
653:confarreatio
651:
647:
643:
635:
631:
629:
620:
614:
610:
594:
590:
586:
578:
575:rex sacrorum
574:
572:
555:rex sacrorum
554:
543:rex sacrorum
542:
534:
524:
518:
515:rex sacrorum
514:
499:Latin cities
487:rex sacrorum
486:
484:
476:rex sacrorum
475:
455:
449:
441:
434:rex sacrorum
433:
431:
426:
423:rex sacrorum
422:
418:
414:
410:
406:confarreatio
404:
396:
393:rex sacrorum
392:
386:
373:rex sacrorum
372:
368:
362:
356:
350:
344:
341:rex sacrorum
340:
336:
318:
302:
301:
297:rex sacrorum
296:
295:
289:
175:Rex Sacrorum
174:
67:(AD 250–260)
66:
29:
1114:1870 p. 837
729:appears in
640:pomegranate
549:, with the
387:During the
383:Description
208:Priestesses
49:Priesthoods
1065:, note to
1038:Saturnalia
945:Mary Beard
866:40.42 and
805:Jörg Rüpke
791:2022-06-21
768:References
658:patricians
417:died, the
367:) and the
315:patricians
311:priesthood
308:senatorial
120:sodalities
85:Pontifices
1034:Macrobius
1032:, citing
983:760889060
899:, p. 223.
468:festivals
1125:Category
1040:1.15.19.
745:See also
710:Augustus
672:plebeian
613:and the
565:period.
511:Velitrae
507:Tusculum
503:Lanuvium
501:such as
495:Etruscan
472:Comitium
306:) was a
129:Fetiales
100:Flamines
95:Vestales
76:colleges
39:a series
36:Part of
1063:Servius
1014:online.
934:online.
895:Rüpke,
885:online.
845:online.
826:on the
813:online.
636:arculum
625:Jupiter
603:Vestals
591:(porca)
583:Kalends
551:consuls
460:Kalends
444:calceus
436:wore a
339:), the
162:Priests
149:Luperci
90:Augures
1068:Aeneid
1030:online
1010:online
981:
971:
870:5.1.4.
824:Festus
737:
668:regina
632:regina
595:(agna)
587:regina
577:, the
533:, the
531:augurs
509:, and
491:Italic
415:regina
391:, the
371:. The
329:Festus
294:, the
74:Major
64:Flamen
42:on the
563:Regal
480:Janus
464:Nones
377:Regia
144:Titii
139:Salii
979:OCLC
969:ISBN
864:Livy
735:ISBN
646:and
599:Juno
485:The
438:toga
432:The
644:rex
597:to
535:rex
456:rex
419:rex
290:In
1127::
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