364:. During his time working for the National Institute for Agrarian Reform, he spent much time at the National Library. After writing a short story and presenting it to a committee, he received a telegram that it was interested in talking to him. When he went, he met María Teresa Freye de Andrade, the director of the National Library. She orchestrated Arenas's move from the institute to the library. He then became employed there. After María Teresa lost her job and was replaced by Castro's police, Captain Sidroc Ramos, Arenas decided the library was not where he wanted to be. It was around then that his talent was noticed, and he received a literary award for his novel,
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informers for the government and reported other men, often former friends or relations. The intention was to find gay and bisexual men and either prosecute and jail them or turn them into other informers. The reward for co-operating with the regime was having life being spared. Those who became informers, however, often had to participate in public and very humiliating
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After ten days with the guerilla, Arenas went back to Holguín with the intention of killing a guard and taking his weapon. When he made it back to the city, he went home to see his grandparents who were not so happy to see him. Because he made the mistake of leaving a note saying that he was going to
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In interviews, his autobiography, and some of his fiction work, Arenas draws explicit connections between his own life experience and the identities and fates of his protagonists. As is evident and as critics such as
Francisco Soto have pointed out, the "child narrator" in "Celestino," Fortunato in
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Due to my delicate state of health and to the terrible depression that causes me not to be able to continue writing and struggling for the freedom of Cuba, I am ending my life ... I want to encourage the Cuban people abroad as well as on the Island to continue fighting for freedom. ... Cuba will be
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are notable examples). His "Thirty truculent Tongue-Twisters," which he claimed to have circulated in Havana and were reprinted in "The Color of Summer," mock everyone from personal friends, who he suggests may have spied on him, to figures such as Nicolás Guillén, Alejo
Carpentier, Miguel Barnet,
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alongside murderers and rapists. He survived by helping the inmates to write letters to wives and lovers. He collected enough paper that way to continue his writing. However, his attempts to smuggle his work out of prison were discovered, and he was severely punished. Threatened with death, he was
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After moving to Holguín when he was a teen, Arenas got a job at a guava paste factory. When conditions in the city started to get worse, around 1958, he decided that he wanted to join the guerillas (Castro and his movement). When he was 14, he walked to
Velasco, where he met Cuco Sánchez, who took
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Throughout his life, Arenas became friends with and had relationships with many gay men. He went so far as to say that at one point, he had had sex with at least 5,000 men. He watched as various friends and acquaintances pledged their allegiance to the regime in exchange for safety. They became
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to hear what he had to say. Padilla stood in front of everyone and apologized for everything that he had done. He painted himself as a coward and a traitor, apologized for his previous work, and threw blame on himself. He publicly denounced his friends and his wife and said that they had
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In 1974, he was sent to prison after being charged and convicted of "ideological deviation" and for publishing abroad without official consent. He escaped the prison and tried to leave Cuba by launching himself from the shore on a tire inner tube, but he was rearrested near
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The
Reinaldo Arenas Papers are held at Princeton University Library. "The collection consists of personal and working papers of Reinaldo Arenas" and includes typescript and typescript drafts, essays, interviews, newspaper clippings, correspondence, and other documents.
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was at 8 with his cousin
Orlando, who was 12. Arenas stated, "In the country, sexual energy generally overcomes all prejudice, repression, and punishment.... Physical desire overpowers whatever feelings of machismo our fathers take upon themselves to instill in us."
387:) was awarded "first Honorable Mention" in 1966. However, as the judges could find no better entry and they refused to award it to Arenas, no First Prize was awarded that year. His writings and openly gay life were by 1967 bringing him into conflict with the
528:
In turn, Arenas consistently links his individual narrated life to the historical experience of a generation of Cubans. A constant theme in his novels and other writing is the condemnation of the Castro government, but Arenas also critiques the
525:"The Palace...," Hector in "Farewell..," and the triply named "Gabriel/Reinaldo/Gloomy Skunk" character in "Color" appear to live progressive stages of a continuous life story that is also linked to Arenas's.
369:
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Despite his short life and the hardships that were imposed during his imprisonment, Arenas produced a significant body of work. In addition to significant poetic efforts ("El
Central", "Leprosorio"), his
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and
American culture and politics. He also critiques a series of literary personalities in Havana and internationally, particularly those who he believed had betrayed him and suppressed his work (
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as a teenager. He was six years old when he started school, attending Rural School 91 in
Perronales County. There, his interest in boys flourished. He later wrote about his
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301:. It was not until around 1963 that Arenas started to live his life as a gay man, but even then, it was still a life in extreme secrecy. He feared ending up in one of the
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government. He left the library and became an editor for the Cuban Book
Institute until 1968. From 1968 to 1974, he was a journalist and editor for the literary magazine
321:. A relationship with a man named Miguel, who was later arrested and taken to a UMAP camp, was the beginning of Arenas's life of being known as a gay man by the Cuban
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to an official competition. Padilla was arrested in 1971, and after 30 days in a cell, he decided to speak. Various Cuban intellectuals were invited by the
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513:. In those novels, his style ranges from a stark realist narrative and high modernist experimental prose to absurd satiric humor. His second novel,
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attitudes. Those whom he named were forced to go to the microphone, accept blame for their actions, and say that they were traitors as well.
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This is an
English translation of a collection of short stories originally published in Spanish in Spain between 1995 and 2001
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230:. A guerilla commander, Eddy Suñol, interviewed Arenas and said, "We have plenty of guerrillas; what we need is weapons."
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1960:
360:, where he studied philosophy and literature without completing a degree. The following year, he began working at the
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When he was 16, he was awarded a scholarship at La Pantoja, the Batista military camp that had been converted into a
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The Politics of Sensations: Body and Texture in Contemporary Cinema and Literature (Argentina - Cuba - Ireland)
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recorded at the Library of Congress for the Hispanic Division's audio literary archive on December 7, 1980
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The manufacture of an author: Reinaldo Arenas's literary world, his readers and other contemporaries
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MELUS: The Journal of the Society for the Study of the Multi-Ethnic Literature of the United States
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Arenas watched that happen with Herberto Padilla, who had written a book that was critical of the
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is a set of five novels that comprise a "secret history" of post-revolutionary Cuba. It includes
276:. Arenas graduated as an agricultural accountant but later described his schooling as "communist
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writers, including John O'Donnell-Rosales. After battling AIDS, Arenas died of an intentional
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join the guerillas, the women who lived with his grandparents spread the news like wildfire.
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1614:"The Traumas of Unbelonging: Reinaldo Arenas's Recuperations of Cuba," By: Laurie Vickroy,
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213:, while incomplete, with his cousin, Dulce Maria. He also shared that his first act of
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1593:. Madrid, Spain; Frankfurt, Germany: Iberoamericana; Vervuert; 2006. pp. 245–53
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to enroll in the School of Planification and later in the Faculty of Letters at the
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La escritura de la memoria : Reinaldo Arenas, textos, estudios y documentación
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517:("El Mundo Alucinante"), rewrites the story of the colonial dissident priest
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1268:"'Before Night Falls': Reinaldo Arenas breaks down (in) Fidel Castro's Cuba"
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was in 1960. He returned later when he enrolled in a planning course at the
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La textualidad de Reinaldo Arenas : juegos de la escritura posmoderna
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La alucinación y los recursos literarios en las novelas de Reinaldo Arenas
333:
that publicly denounced their anti-regime beliefs or their homosexuality.
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1621:"Difficult Writings: AIDS and the Activist Aesthetic in Reinaldo Arenas'
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Desde aceras opuestas: Literatura/cultura gay y lesbiana en Latinoamérica
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468:
440:
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Decimonónica: Journal of Nineteenth Century Hispanic Cultural Production
1600:
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614:
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368:, at the Cirilo Villaverde National Competition, which was held by the
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list of the ten best books of the year in 1993. In 2000, the work was
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1716:
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569:. An opera based on the autobiography with libretto and music by the
471:, an outdoor public display that celebrates LGBT history and people.
388:
1676:
El círculo del exilio y la enajenación en la obra de Reinaldo Arenas
1090:"The Literature of Uprootedness: An Interview with Reinaldo Arenas"
503:
444:
174:
126:
1597:
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214:
170:
1555:'Play' on a Nineteenth-Century Cuban Classic: Reinaldo Arenas's
1531:
Cosmopolitanisms and Latin America: Against the Destiny of Place
1503:/ Francisco Soto. Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 1994
948:
1507:
The postmodern poetic narrative of Cuban writer Reinaldo Arenas
617:; Scholarly edition by Enrico Mario Santí; English translation
353:
284:
84:
1172:"Why Reinaldo Arenas Still Matters for Cuba's LGBT Community"
92:
88:
432:
310:
194:
166:
122:
1688:
Reinaldo Arenas : alucinaciones, fantasía y realidad
1540:
and Autobiographical Determination in Reinaldo Arenas's
1229:
1911:
Hispanic and Latino American dramatists and playwrights
423:, a boat captained by the Cuban émigré Roberto Agüero.
408:
forced to renounce his work and was released in 1976.
1497:(Twayne's World Author Series) / Francisco Soto, 1998
185:
Arenas was born in the countryside of Newport Beach,
165:
and published posthumously. Arenas, who was dying of
1236:(Thesis). Louisiana State University. Archived from
916:
496:(whose literal translation is "The Sea Once More"),
1906:
Exiles of the Cuban Revolution in the United States
490:(in Spanish also titled "Celestino before Dawn"),
253:. There, one of the most important courses was on
1136:"Reinaldo Arenas, 47, Writer Who Fled Cuba, Dies"
435:but continued to write and speak out against the
244:Bureau for the Repression of Communist Activities
209:. He talked openly of how the first times he had
207:most of his sexual activity had been with animals
205:and the people around him and even detailed that
1776:20th-century American dramatists and playwrights
1742:
1736:Princeton University Library Special Collections
1727:Princeton University Library Special Collections
1664:Reinaldo Arenas : narrativa de transgresión
1572:Rhizomes: Cultural Studies in Emerging Knowledge
1533:/ Jacqueline Loss. NY: Palgrave MacMillan, 2005
1087:
827:Cinco obras de teatro bajo el título Persecución
1951:People prosecuted under anti-homosexuality laws
1642:Reinaldo Arenas : una apreciación política
885:Final de un cuento (El Fantasma de la glorieta)
121:(July 16, 1943 – December 7, 1990) was a Cuban
458:letter written for publication, Arenas wrote:
1704:Ideología y subversión : otra vez Arenas
447:of drugs and alcohol on December 7, 1990, in
385:The Ill-Fated Peregrinations of Fray Servando
1723:Aurelio Cortés collection of Reinaldo Arenas
1083:
1081:
1079:
1077:
1075:
1073:
1071:
323:Committees for the Defense of the Revolution
1648:Reinaldo Arenas : recuerdo y presencia
1169:
370:National Union of Cuban Writers and Artists
1732:Dolores Koch collection of Reinaldo Arenas
1596:"Revisiting the Circuitous Odyssey of the
1519:Reinaldo Arenas: tradition and singularity
297:. While in the program, he worked for the
1921:LGBTQ Hispanic and Latino American people
1821:American LGBTQ dramatists and playwrights
1525:Reinaldo Arenas: the agony is the ecstasy
1165:
1163:
1161:
1068:
1054:Learn how and when to remove this message
1836:American male dramatists and playwrights
1203:
1133:
1694:El desamparado humor de Reinaldo Arenas
1589:" By: Francisco Soto, IN: Ingenschay,
1546:Caribe: Revista de Cultura y Literatura
1265:
1261:
1259:
1257:
1255:
157:, was dictated after his escape to the
1941:Cuban LGBTQ dramatists and playwrights
1916:Hispanic and Latino American novelists
1901:Drug-related suicides in New York City
1743:
1536:"Lifewriting with a Vengeance: Truth,
1199:
1197:
1158:
1129:
1127:
1125:
1123:
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1119:
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655:El palacio de las blanquisimas mofetas
542:Sarduy, and of course Castro himself.
467:In 2012, Arenas was inducted into the
299:National Institute for Agrarian Reform
1360:. Princeton Libraries. Archived from
1170:O'Boyle, Brendan (December 7, 2016).
1088:Ann Tashi Slater (December 5, 2013).
1896:Drug-related deaths in New York City
1430:
1252:
1204:Manrique, Jaime (November 7, 1993).
1134:McDowell, Edwin (December 9, 1990).
997:
1266:Zvomuya, Percy (October 22, 2020).
1194:
1114:
431:In 1987, Arenas was diagnosed with
13:
1771:20th-century American male writers
1483:
1019:link to broken or outdated sources
283:The first time that Arenas was in
133:who is known as a vocal critic of
14:
1987:
1846:American writers of Cuban descent
1710:
1690:/ Julio E Hernández-Miyares, 1990
1230:Guillermo Abel Severiche (2016).
821:Arturo, la estrella más brillante
197:, and later moved to the city of
1861:Cuban dramatists and playwrights
1002:
947:
933:
919:
857:Voluntad de vivir manifestándose
635:(1982) (originally published as
592:
403:and imprisoned at the notorious
303:Military Units to Aid Production
270:Foundations of Socialism in Cuba
268:by Pyotr Ivanovich Nikitin, and
1841:American Spanish-language poets
1801:20th-century Cuban LGBTQ people
1766:20th-century American novelists
1629:, 2003 December; 23 (2): 53–71.
1501:Reinaldo Arenas: The Pentagonía
1449:
1424:
1398:
1376:
1332:The Knitting Circle: Literature
581:on May 29, 2010, with baritone
317:, and suspected members of the
203:sexual exploration with himself
1976:Journalists imprisoned in Cuba
1891:Gay dramatists and playwrights
1618:, 2005 Winter; 30 (4): 109–28.
1527:/ Dinora Caridad Cardoso, 1997
1384:"Reinaldo Arenas' Last Letter"
1350:
1320:
1290:
1223:
1206:"Last Days of Reinaldo Arenas"
983:List of Cuban American writers
978:List of Famous Cuban-Americans
963:American literature in Spanish
659:The Palace of the White Skunks
565:in which Arenas was played by
1:
1611:, 2005 Winter; 57 (1): 61–83.
1585:Reading of Reinaldo Arenas's
1435:. London: Twayne Publishers.
1034:or discuss this issue on the
993:
639:(1967)) English translation
1791:20th-century Cuban novelists
1786:20th-century autobiographers
1563:, 2006 Summer; 3 (2): 45–58.
1548:, 2006 Summer; 9 (1): 41–56.
1461:Princeton University Library
841:(1987), English Translation
785:(1980), English Translation
747:(1992) English translation
729:(1987) English translation
711:(1990) English translation
693:(1982) English translation
675:(1982) English translation
657:(1982) English translation
585:singing the role of Arenas.
519:Fray Servando Teresa de Mier
7:
1966:Political prisoners in Cuba
1781:20th-century American poets
912:
474:
362:National Library José Martí
266:Manual of Political Economy
10:
1992:
1946:Opposition to Fidel Castro
1678:/ María Luisa Negrín, 2000
1672:/ Félix Lugo Nazario, 1995
1566:"The Molecular Poetics of
499:Palace of the White Skunks
261:Soviet Academy of Sciences
1961:Suicides in New York City
1607:" By: Angela L. Willis,
1603:Novel: Reinaldo Arenas's
1544:" By: Sandro R. Barros,
1509:/ Ileana C Zéndegui, 2004
968:Cuban American literature
383:, published in the US as
257:. Students had to master
98:
80:
72:
64:
60:, New York, United States
47:
28:
21:
1811:American LGBTQ novelists
1796:20th-century Cuban poets
1706:/ Reinaldo Sánchez, 1999
1666:/ Perla Rozencvaig, 1986
1650:/ Reinaldo Sánchez, 1994
1515:/ Claudio Canaparo, 2000
1457:"Reinaldo Arenas Papers"
1431:Soto, Francisco (1998).
1358:"Reinaldo Arenas Papers"
973:Cuban dissident movement
637:Celestino antes del alba
426:
411:In 1980, as part of the
381:This Hallucinatory World
358:Universidad de La Habana
319:Cuban dissident movement
147:Cuban dissident movement
1826:American male novelists
1684:/ Eduardo C Bejar, 1987
1644:/ Adolfo Cacheiro, 2000
1625:" By: Diana Davidson,
843:Graveyard of the Angels
180:
32:Reinaldo Arenas Fuentes
1609:Comparative Literature
1559:" By: H. J. Manzari,
1521:/ Francisco Soto, 1988
465:
294:Hotel Nacional de Cuba
222:him to the pro-Soviet
1931:Cuban LGBTQ novelists
1851:Cuban autobiographers
1574:, 2006 Spring; 11–12.
833:Necesidad de libertad
777:Con los ojos cerrados
641:Singing from the Well
488:Singing from the Well
460:
366:Singing from the Well
352:In 1963, he moved to
251:polytechnic institute
1956:People with HIV/AIDS
1866:Cuban male novelists
1816:American LGBTQ poets
1806:American gay writers
1605:El mundo alucinante,
1570:" By: Teresa Rizzo,
1542:Antes que anochezca,
1388:Montclair University
1308:on February 15, 2006
1240:on December 12, 2021
763:Mona and Other Tales
347:counterrevolutionary
291:and reported to the
289:University of Havana
226:headquarters in the
173:with an intentional
145:. His memoir of the
1831:American male poets
1623:Before Night Falls,
1568:Before Night Falls,
1278:on October 24, 2020
1272:Mail & Guardian
1210:The Washington Post
1176:America's Quarterly
1032:addressing link rot
1027:improve the article
988:LGBT rights in Cuba
745:Antes que anochezca
695:The Color of Summer
691:El color del verano
677:Farewell to the Sea
633:Cantando en el pozo
599:El mundo alucinante
493:Farewell to the Sea
463:free. I already am.
439:. He mentored many
377:El mundo alucinante
331:acts of repudiation
307:concentration camps
1577:"Queer Parody and
1557:La Loma del Angel,
1146:on August 31, 2009
1140:The New York Times
1102:on January 6, 2015
815:Termina el desfile
749:Before Night Falls
548:Before Night Falls
545:His autobiography
274:Blas Roca Calderio
155:Before Night Falls
151:political prisoner
110:Before Night Falls
1971:Cuban journalists
1936:Cuban LGBTQ poets
1926:Cuban gay writers
1587:El cometa Halley,
1394:on July 20, 2011.
1328:"Reinaldo Arenas"
1298:"Reinaldo Arenas"
1064:
1063:
1056:
927:Literature portal
907:978-0-89729-791-2
893:978-84-86842-38-3
879:978-0-89729-544-4
871:Viaje a La Habana
865:978-987-9396-55-1
851:978-0-380-75075-7
839:La Loma del Angel
809:978-0-380-86934-3
795:978-0-8021-3406-6
771:978-0-375-72730-6
757:978-0-14-015765-9
739:978-0-8021-3405-9
721:978-0-14-015718-5
703:978-0-14-015719-2
685:978-0-14-006636-4
667:978-0-14-009792-4
649:978-0-14-009444-2
627:978-0-14-200019-9
607:978-84-8310-775-1
577:premiered at the
419:. He came on the
415:, he fled to the
393:La Gaceta de Cuba
236:Fulgencio Batista
116:
115:
1983:
1871:Cuban male poets
1856:Cuban dissidents
1477:
1476:
1474:
1472:
1463:. Archived from
1453:
1447:
1446:
1428:
1422:
1421:
1419:
1417:
1412:on June 14, 2012
1408:. Archived from
1406:"2012 Inductees"
1402:
1396:
1395:
1390:. Archived from
1380:
1374:
1373:
1371:
1369:
1354:
1348:
1347:
1345:
1343:
1338:on June 27, 2004
1334:. Archived from
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1318:
1317:
1315:
1313:
1304:. Archived from
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1274:. Archived from
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1221:
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1201:
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1189:
1187:
1182:on July 28, 2020
1178:. Archived from
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1156:
1155:
1153:
1151:
1142:. Archived from
1131:
1112:
1111:
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1098:. Archived from
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1039:
1029:
1006:
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957:
952:
951:
943:
938:
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929:
924:
923:
922:
579:Fort Worth Opera
559:made into a film
437:Cuban government
338:Cuban Revolution
255:Marxist–Leninism
191:Holguín Province
169:, had committed
161:during the 1980
143:Cuban government
139:Cuban Revolution
54:
51:December 7, 1990
41:Holguín Province
19:
18:
1991:
1990:
1986:
1985:
1984:
1982:
1981:
1980:
1741:
1740:
1717:Reinaldo Arenas
1713:
1579:Intertextuality
1495:Reinaldo Arenas
1486:
1484:Further reading
1481:
1480:
1470:
1468:
1467:on May 12, 2023
1455:
1454:
1450:
1443:
1433:Reinaldo Arenas
1429:
1425:
1415:
1413:
1404:
1403:
1399:
1382:
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1377:
1367:
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1364:on May 12, 2008
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941:Cuba portal
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713:The Assault
551:was on the
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504:Rabelaisian
469:Legacy Walk
441:Cuban exile
1745:Categories
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994:References
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727:El portero
539:Ángel Rama
483:Pentagonia
421:San Lázaro
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315:Christians
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