Renzo Piano - Knowledge

1583:, Piano designed a new building, the Broad Contemporary Art Museum at LACMA (BCAM) (2008), with 5,574 m (60,000 sq ft) of space, as well as the BP Grand Entrance, an entrance pavilion with 750 m (8,100 sq ft) of space, and the Lynda and Stewart Resnick Exhibition Pavilion (2010). The BCAM facade is concrete covered with plaques of cream-colored Italian travertine, harmonizing with the older buildings of the museum complex, but added distinctive Piano touches; finlike white sun shutters on the roof softening the sunlight, a red escalator on the outside of the main facade, and a stairway suspended by red cables on the other facade, reminiscent of the Centre Pompidou. The Resnik Pavilion, to the north of the BCAM, has 4,180 m (45,000 sq ft) of space, with travertine covered walls to the east and west, glass walls on the north and south, and a roof with vertical glass shutters that open to the sky. Describing this project, Piano wrote: "It's not enough that the light is perfect. You also have a need for calm, serenity, and even a quality of voluptuousness connected with the contemplation of a work of art." Nicolai Ouroussoff, the architecture critic of 543: 1053: 1392:, who had made much of his career in Chicago. "The taut forms and refined details, the elevation of an industrial aesthetic to an art form all are hallmarks of Mies's work." But he noted particularly Piano's masterful control of light within the building: "...it is the light that most people will notice.... The glass roof of the top-floor galleries is supported on delicate steel trusses. Rows of white blades rest on top of the trusses to filter out strong southern light; thin fabric panels soften the view from below... On a clear afternoon you can catch faint glimpses through the structural frame of clouds drifting by overhead. But most of the time the art takes center stage, everything else fading quietly into the background It is this obsessive refinement that raises Mr. Piano's best architecture to the level of art." 1540:, is sixty-six stories and 305 metres (1,000 ft) high, which made it, when completed in 2012, the tallest skyscraper in Europe. Inside, it contains luxury residences and a hotel, along with offices, shops, restaurants, and cultural centers. It has a wide base and a split pinnacle point which seems to disappear into the clouds, like, as Piano described it, "a bell tower of the 16th century, or the mast of great ship...Often buildings of great height are aggressive and arrogant symbols of power and egoism," but the Shard is designed "to express its sharp and light presence in the urban panorama of London." Like his other tall buildings, the glass sunscreen on the exterior extends slightly above the building itself, appearing to split apart at the top. The critical reaction to the tower was predictably mixed. 1134: 677: 987:

by star architects in the center large cities which became very popular in the early 21st century. The office tower has a discreetly peculiar form; the east façade bulges out slightly from its base, reaching its maximum width at the top floors. The curved and twisted shape of east the façade echoes that of the Sydney Opera House on the harbor. The exterior glass curtain-wall extends beyond the main frame, creating an illusion that the wall is independent of the building. of its Glass shutters on the exterior can be opened for ventilation, and Piano designed an exterior skin combining glass and ceramics to regulate the intensity of the sunlight. The office building has interior winter gardens on each floor, and earth-colored ceramic tiles give a dash of color to the facade.

441: 1465: 773: 1295:, opened in 1983. Piano's project added four new structures; a pavilion for exhibitions, a gallery for special collections, a building for offices, and a residence hall for the Atlanta College Of Art, creating 16,000 m (170,000 sq ft) of additional space. Both the new building and the original building are a gleaming white. A glass bridge with two levels connects the main pavilion with the original part of the museum. The careful management of external light is a particular feature of Piano's buildings; the High Museum Extension rows of curving fan-shaped panels on the facade and on the interior ceiling with filter the sunlight. From the parvis on the outside, the white facade gives the impression that the building has no weight at all. 496: 1018: 527: 1500: 1633:(2002). The new gallery occupies 7,595 m (81,750 sq ft), compared with 11,148 m (120,000 sq ft) for the Kahn building, and cost 135 million dollars. Piano created a dramatic new entrance for the museum, with huge windows showing the bright red furniture against the alabaster white walls within. The materials used in the new museum included light-colored concrete, to harmonize with the Kahn building, combined with beams and ceilings of Douglas fir, and floors of white oak and an abundance of double-paned and fritted glass. The museum also includes modern ecological features including a vegetal roof, photovoltaic cells on the roof, geothermal wells, and 1515: 603:. The chief requirements of the owner for this building was to make the maximum use of natural light in the interiors. Piano wrote, "Paradoxically, the Menil Collection, with its serenity, its calm, its discretion, is much more modern, scientifically speaking, than the Beaubourg." The Menil Collection building, with its simple gray and white cubic forms, is the stylistic opposite of the Pompidou Center. The technological innovations were not expressed on the facade, but in the high-tech but discreet systems of shutters and screens and air conditioning which allowed maximum illumination while protecting against the intense Texas heat and sunlight. 1149: 1034: 788: 1419: 819: 692: 1450: 1067: 1481: 1343:. The competition rules asked for a building that be as open and transparent as possible, to symbolize the connection between the newspaper and the city. The first six floors are occupied by an atrium with restaurants, shops and a conference center. The distinctive Piano feature of the tower is the clear glass curtain wall outside the facade, and rising higher than the facade itself. The curtain is composed of clear glass and a frame of ceramic tubes suspended 61 cm (24 in) from the facade; it serves as a sunscreen, eliminating the need for tinted or 1102: 867:, Japan. The main terminal he designed was extremely long (1.7 kilometres ), with a very low profile, so that the controllers in the control tower could always see the aircraft on the runways. The frequent earthquakes in the Japanese islands required special building techniques; the structure is mounted on hydraulic joints which adjust to movements of the earth. The long, curving roof is covered with 82,000 panels of stainless steel, which reflect the sunlight, and is supported by arches 83 metres (272 ft) long, which give a feeling of openness. 719: 1404: 738: 1571:, St Giles Hospital. A block 109 flats rises 11 floors and is set alongside offices rising to 11 floors to the east. A distinctive element is strident solid color which is designed not to mellow with time; the buildings are covered with large kiln-fired ceramic panels glazed leaf green, orange, lime green, pale grey and yellow. "Cities should not be dull and repetitive", Piano declared. "One of the reason we find them so beautiful and interesting is that they are full of surprises; even the idea of color represents a joyful surprise." 1118: 480: 1086: 928:

protect the exposition structures, then three "villages" of structures; one for welcome and exhibitions space; one for an auditorium and media center; and one for service functions. The curving wooden pavilions, inspired in form by the local architecture, have a double wooden skin to protect against the weather, but also let in the sunlight. While it is devoted to the local culture, some of the buildings, particularly the towering reception center, with curving walls and wooden spires, are strikingly post-modern in form.

999: 1384:. With its construction of glass, steel and white stone, the new wing is carefully harmonized with the old structure, and, like his other art museums, makes maximum use of natural light. A horizontal sunscreen on the roof, nicknamed the "flying carpet", is a graceful update of his rooftop art museum on the Lingotto factory in Turin. He also designed a minimalist 620-foot (190 m) steel bridge connecting the sculpture terrace of the museum to Millennium Park. Nikolai Ouroussof, critic of the 754: 460: 3464: 3448: 95: 512: 1662:, a riverside highway and park. The museum, with nine levels, has an asymmetric industrial look to match the architecture of the neighborhood. In addition to its interior galleries, it has 1,207 m (12,990 sq ft) of open-air exhibit space on a large terrace atop one section of the building. It was built of steel, concrete, and stone, but also with pine wood and other materials recycled from demolished factories. Jule Iovine, architecture critic of the 1642:, wrote: "With its almost impossibly smooth walls and squared columns of titanium-treated concrete, Piano's front facade evinces a clinical, stoic perfectionism.... Altogether, the assembly is a minor miracle of construction. Most impressive are the beams: 100-foot-long bars of laminated Douglas fir, trucked from Canada. But for all its technical mastery, it offers none of the elemental majesty of Kahn's building across the lawn. It is deferential to a fault." 1587:, admired the interior of the BCAM but was less impressed by the exteriors: "There is little of the formal freedom that is at the heart of the city's architectural legacy; nor is there much evidence of the structural refinement that we have come to expect in Mr. Piano's best work. The museum's monumental travertine form and lipstick-red exterior stairways are a curious mix of pomposity and pop-culture references. It's an architecture without conviction." 1434: 3439: 1735:(54,000 sq ft) and the eastern is the one dedicated to study which hosts an auditorium, study rooms and other installations. Both are connected by a suspended square and set of stairs and platforms named "pachinko". This was Piano's first project in Spain and had some controversy over its location. Critics describe the building as sublime and striking due to the conjunction of light, views and design that the buildings propose. 967:. The centerpiece of Piano's part of the project was the Debis building, composed of four different buildings of different sizes but in the same style. Distinctive elements include an atrium 28 metres (92 ft) high, and a 21-story tower whose east, south and west facades are covered with double walls of glass separated by 28 cm (11 in), which reduced the need for air conditioning and heating. The complex also included an 1686:. The new museum preserved the picturesque brick Ivy-League facade of the 1925 Fogg Museum (1925), but added a new space in the courtyard, covered by a pyramidal glass roof, which increased the gallery space by 40 percent. The renovation adds six levels of galleries, classrooms, lecture halls, and new study areas providing access to parts of the 250,000-piece collection of the museums. The new building was opened in November 2014. 1315:(1903), which had been expanded several times. Piano extensively renovated the existing structures and a built a new building the same height as the historic building, with a simple rectangular facade that complemented it. He also added a five-metre (16 ft) cube as a small exhibit space, an underground auditorium with 199 seats, and a glass-walled atrium which united all the parts, old and new. The architecture critic of the 1710:, and the construction of a new Parliament building. The gate project was controversial, though the old gate it replaced was only built in the 1960s, in the Italian rationalist style. The "theater machine" is particularly unusual; the original idea was that in summertime a steel portable theater with stage and wings and a thousand seats can be installed inside the ruins of the 19th century opera house, which had been destroyed in 1360:

area, was covered with vegetation, and blends with the surrounding park. The facade of the building also harmonizes smoothly with the nearby turn-of-the-century greenhouse that is a landmark of the Park. Three cupolas resemble shallow hills across the roof, pierced by round portholes to admit natural light; they contain the entry hall, a botanical garden, and a planetarium. Piano's design for the new building was described by the

804: 374:, Italy, into a family of builders. His grandfather had created a masonry enterprise, which had been expanded by his father, Carlo Piano, and his father's three brothers, into the firm Fratelli Piano. The firm prospered after World War II, constructing houses and factories and selling construction materials. When his father retired, the enterprise was led by Renzo's older brother, Ermanno, who studied engineering at the 704: 27: 975:(2004) that he tried to match his architecture to the personality of a city. "The Berliners are accustomed to living outdoors, and to a certain form of conviviality." The new Potsdamer Platz was designed to capture the Berliner's "sense of gaiety, their sense of humor....Why should a city be demoralizing? The beautiful thing about a city is that it is a place of meetings and surprises." 616:, of a lightweight portable tunnel for expositions. It composed of a series of pyramids of polycarbonate supported by a wooden frame, and could be transported in a truck. It was designed to integrate the scenery outside into displays in the interior. He designed two major reconstruction projects in northern Italy; the reanimation of the old port of his native city, 429:. This design featured suspended container and an open bearing structure, with the conduits for heating and water on the exterior painted in bright colors (blue, red and yellow). These unusual features attracted considerable attention in the architectural world, and influenced the choice of the jurors who selected Piano and Rogers to design the Pompidou Center. 1181:

geometrical; precisely 44.55 metres (146.2 ft) high, with a facade composed of 13,000 pieces of glass each exactly 45 by 45 centimetres (18 by 18 in). The panels of glass were made in Florence, Italy, and placed in supports made in Switzerland, for assembly in Japan. Each piece of the facade is designed to be able to move four millimetres (

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building, under a single glass roof, which covers 6,000 m (65,000 sq ft). The construction materials include both steel and wood beams. A canal and walkway connect the museum with another area under development nearby, while the museum and walkway offer views of the fjord and center of Oslo. A sculpture park with works of

1172:. The theater has 780 seats placed on a slope for maximum visibility of the stage. Piano retained the original exterior walls of the main building, but removed the transversal interior walls and replaced them with glass walls, so the entire interior is visible from the outside, and those inside can see the park outside the theater. 1780:. The entire structure is covered by a single flat roof, which provides shade, and which is covered with 10,000 m (110,000 sq ft) of photovoltaic cells, generating 1.5 megawatts of electricity, designed to the building self-sufficient in energy during working hours. The cost of the project was 588 million dollars. 1734:

is a private sponsored project by the Fundación Botín whose aim is to be a hub for the promotion of culture both as a museum and as study centre. It consists on two buildings standing on columns over the sea line at the Bay of Santander. The western building hosts the exhibition space of 5,000 m

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of London saw it as a foreign attack on the traditional London skyline and monuments: "This tower is anarchy. It conforms to no planning policy. It marks no architectural focus or rond-point. It offers no civic forum or function, just luxury flats and hotels. It stands apart from the City cluster and

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In the first decade of the 21st century, a wave of new art museums or museum wings were built to house the collections of wealthy art patrons. Piano, who had been building art museums since 1977, was one of the most active and creative designers of these new buildings; though the requirements and the

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declared that their design "turned the architecture world upside down". More literally it turned architecture inside-out, since in the new museum, the apparent structural frame of the building and the heating and air conditioning ducts were on the exterior, painted in bright colors. The escalator, in

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by Hans Sharon. The three brick concert halls covered with what New York Times critic Sam Lubell described as "weathered armadillo-like steel shells," which looked forbidding in photographs but in person were "lovely"; and noted that the theaters "inside are heavy with wood, fabrics, and typical

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factory, he preserved the enormous main structure, including its famous oval test track for automobiles on the roof, but added new structures, including a concert hall beneath the building, a heliport, and a glass domed conference center on the roof. He continued his modifications and additions over

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The media dubbed the style of the building as "high-tech", but this was later disputed by Piano. "Beaubourg," he said, "was a joyous urban machine, a creature which might have come out of a Jules Verne novel, a sort of bizarre boat in dry dock... It is a double provocation; a challenge to academism,

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After his nomination as Senator for Life in 2013, an honour limited to five office holders in the sole gift of the Italian President, Renzo Piano set up a team of young architects called G124 whose mission is to work on the transformation of Italy's major cities' suburbs. Team members are paid with

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along with the Stavros Niarchos Park, an urban park covering an area of 210,000 m (2,300,000 sq ft). An artificial hill was created to raise the building and give it a view of the nearby sea. The opera house has a 1400-seat main theater and a smaller "black box" theater of 400 seats.

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decided to rebuild their entire complex of twelve buildings, including an aquarium, planetarium, and a museum of Natural History, located in Golden Gate Park in San Francisco. Piano's plan called for "a group of volumes under a single roof, a little like a village." The roof itself, 1.5 hectares in

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in Sydney, Australia (1996–2009) is composed of two towers, an eighteen-story residential building next to a forty-one story office building with different facades but similar metal and glass sunscreens on the roofs. The lower tower was an early example of the luxury high-rise residential buildings

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between East and West Berlin. When a major reconstruction was commenced in 1990, Piano was selected to design the new buildings on five of the fifteen sites of the project, with the requirement that the buildings have roofs of copper, and facades of clear glass and materials of a baked earth color.

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Inaugurated on 24 April 1990, the building is only the third work by the architect after the Centre Pompidou. The cyclopean wooden structure, covered with 27,000 satin stainless steel tiles and pierced with oculus to let an overhead light pass, is completely innovative. Its curvature which follows

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and other notable sculptors is placed between the museum and the water. The museum building on one side of the canal holds permanent exhibits, while the building on the other side is used for temporary exhibits. A bridge over the canal the two museum buildings. The construction materials include

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in Oslo, Norway (2006–2012) was designed to revive an old port and industrial area southwest of the center of Oslo with an art museum and offices, and to provide a destination and attraction on the edge of the picturesque fjord. The project has three buildings, two museum buildings and an office

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Piano also carried out a large program for revitalization of the old port of Genoa to transform it from a rundown industrial area into a cultural center and tourist attraction. He prolonged streets to give access to the port, transformed old port buildings into cultural and commercial buildings,

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in Philadelphia and for the Polish engineer Zygmunt Stanisław Makowski in London. He completed his first building, the IPE factory in Genoa, in 1968, with a roof of steel and reinforced polyester, and created a continuous membrane for the covering of a pavilion at the Milan Triennale in the same

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defended Piano's building: "The criticism – hurled against Piano like the spears of Ancient Britons fighting the civilised Romans – is, I think, a bottled up attack on our low standards of design and the beetle-browed politics that have allowed so many poor tall buildings to have been rushed up

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people. The project uses a combination of traditional and modern material; local wood, along with glass and aluminum. The complex is located on a narrow peninsula in a lagoon with prevailing winds. Piano designed a series of curved wooden screens, from 9 to 28 metres (30 to 92 ft) high, to

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lighting. Piano wrote: "Our building echoes the Kahn building through its height, its scale and its general plan, but our building has a character that is more transparent and more open. Light, discreet (half of the surfaces are underground), it nonetheless has its own character and creates a

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In addition, he designed the new headquarters of his firm, the Renzo Piano Building Workshop (1989–1991), on a series of stepped terraces hanging over the Mediterranean to the west of the city. The building is accessed by an eight-passenger funicular railway car which shuttles up and down the

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The Maison Hermès in the Ginza commercial district of Tokyo is the flagship store in Japan of the French luxury brand. The building is ten stories high, with three floors underground, and includes space for expositions and for a small museum on the history of the firm. The building is highly

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from sunlight. It housed in a series galleries resembling rolling hills in the Swiss countryside. Piano explained that the shape of the galleries was inspired by naval architecture and the hulls of ships, which were adapted to the form of waves as his building was adapted to the landscape.

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marble with a glass ceiling that filters the light define five long galleries, while outside a sunken sculpture garden is placed four to five metres (13 to 16 ft) below the street level, away sheltered from noise giving the appearance of an overgrown archeological excavation.

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between St Giles High Street and New Oxford Street in London (2002–2010) is a complex composed of 56 luxury apartments, 53 social rented apartments, and 37,000 m (400,000 sq ft) of office around a public square with retail and food outlets, covering 7,000 m

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was ordered for French shipyard Chantiers de l'Antlantique. The Italian government through Fincantieri would desire for the next Sitmar ships to be built in Italy. Piano was commissioned to design the ships. Piano designed the exterior of the ships to resemble a dolphin. The

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a transparent tube, crossed the facade of the building at a diagonal. The building was an astonishing success, entirely transforming the character of a run-down commercial section near the Marais in Paris, and made Piano one of the best-known architects in the world.

1207:. The park has three theaters, the largest with 2800 seats; when completed it was the largest symphonic concert hall in Europe. Piano acknowledged that his inspiration for the interior plan was the vineyard style seating, placed around the orchestra, of the 611:

In the mid-1980s Piano and his firm took on a wide variety of projects, using the most advanced technology available, but, in contrast to the Pompidou Center, as discreetly as possible. His portable pavilion for IBM (1983–1986) was an example; designed with

895:, in spirit it was exactly the opposite. It was designed, at the request of the founder, to inspire tranquility, with white walls, light-colored wooden floors, and natural light. The wall separating the museum from the neighboring road constructed of 414:, Japan. He collaborated with his brother Ermanno and the family firm, which manufactured the structure. It was lightweight and original composed of steel and reinforced polyester, and it appeared to be simultaneously artistic and industrial. 1714:. It has its own stage equipment and technology for reproducing the acoustics of a traditional opera house. When performances are not taking place, the "machine" was meant to turn back into a public square and gathering place. The 1549:

pays no heed to its surrounding context in scale, materials or ground presence. It seems to have lost its way from Dubai to Canary Wharf... The Shard has slashed the face of London for ever." However, Jonathan Glancy in the London

566:, competed with the major architectural firms in the United States and Europe, and were awarded the commission for the most prestigious project in Paris, the c, the new French national museum of 20th century art to be located in 2089:

In 2004, he became head of the Renzo Piano Foundation, dedicated to the promotion of the architectural profession. Since June 2008, the headquarters has been co-located with his architectural office at Punta Nave, near Genoa.

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in Dallas, Texas, was funded with 60 million dollars by Raymond Nasher, who had made a fortune in developing shopping centers, to display his collection of modern sculpture, which includes works by

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movie theater, restaurant and shops. The 36-metre (118 ft) dome of the IMAX theater was visible from a distance and also from the street, through the clear glass of the facade. Piano wrote in

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and an auditorium, a botanical garden in glass dome and a giant multi-armed crane, modeled after the old cranes of the port, which hoists visitors high in the air for a view of the port.

421:, and in 1971 the two men decided to open their own firm, Piano and Rogers, where they worked together from 1971 to 1977. The first project of the firm was the administrative building of 1464: 401:

Piano taught at the Polytechnic University from 1965 until 1968, and expanded his horizons and technical skills by working in two large international firms, for the modernist architect

4401: 1133: 4411: 1835:, New York City (with SOM). Besides the Greene science center, the RPBW is building the Lenfest Center for the Arts, the Forum, and the School of International and Public Affairs. 591:, who had assisted in the design of the Pompidou Center. They established their offices in Genoa. One of their first projects was a plan for the rehabilitation of the old port of 1319:, Nicolai Ouroussoff, wrote, "the result is a space with the weight of history and the lightness of clouds...a sublime expression of the architect's preoccupation with light." 676: 4361: 4346: 4336: 1609:

steel, glass and wooden beams, while the facades that are not made of glass are covered with finely-crafted weathered panels, in the tradition of Scandinavian architecture.

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the modernist architect for whom Piano worked at the beginning of his career, completed in 1972. The building faces the Modern Art Museum of Fort Worth, designed by

1262:, Switzerland (1999–2005), continued his series of art museums each very different from the others. It was designed in large part to protect the fragile drawings of 3347: 1638:

dialogue between the old and the new." However, the museum also attracted critics, who said it was not ambitious enough. Mark Lamster, architecture critic of the

1499: 440: 4416: 4396: 3286:"BOE-A-2017-12705 Real Decreto 973/2017, de 3 de noviembre, por el que se concede la Gran Cruz de la Orden Civil de Alfonso X el Sabio al señor Renzo Piano" 1520: 1241:. The building is very simple in form, like his early Menil Collection in Houston, Texas, and does not distract from the sculptures within; six walls of 787: 737: 1148: 570:. The award came a surprise, to the architectural world, since the two were little-known, and had no experience with museums or other major structures. 3517: 1670:, called it "an outdoor perch to see and be seen... There's a generosity to the architecture, a sense of art connecting with the city and vice versa". 1033: 3960: 2094:

Renzo Piano senator's salary and change every year through a public selection. Projects have been developed in Turin, Milan, Padua, Venice and Rome.

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in 1966, to a new location at the corner of Gansevoort and Washington in Manhattan, a neighborhood once occupied by meat packing houses, next to the

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His other projects begun in the 1990s included the New Metropolis Museum in Amsterdam, which later became the science museum and technology

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Piano founded the Renzo Piano Building Workshop (RPBW) in 1981. In 2017 it had 150 collaborators in offices in Paris, Genoa, and New York.

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around St Paul's. The Shard, whatever its flaws – and all its many floors – is a much better building than most of the flakes below it."

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two decades; without destroying the historic core of the building. The most recent was a museum for the art collection of the Fiat head

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is a historic triangle in the heart of Berlin Germany, which had been largely destroyed during World War II, and then divided by the

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In 1988 Piano and Rice won an international competition for a new airport to be constructed on an artificial island in the port of

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in an elegant glass and steel box perched on the roof, as if it were about to take off; it was nicknamed the "Flying bank vault".

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The Auditorium Niccolò Paganini is a concert hall constructed inside a former sugar mill in the historic center of the city of

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Piano resides in Paris with his second wife Milly and four children, Carlo, Matteo, Lia – from his first wife – and Giorgio.

1058: 459: 2615: 1698:, Malta was the complete reorganization of the principal entrance to the Maltese capital of Valletta. It included a massive 1666:, called it "a welcoming, creative machine" thanks to its "open, changeable spaces," and Michael Kimmelman, critic of the 1596: 1471: 1449: 2049: 682: 2912: 2075: 912: 759: 744: 3503: 2183: 2029: 1859:, broke ground December 2015 and completed 2019. The building is Piano's first ever residential structure in New York 1808: 58: 3946: 1580: 1440: 1191: in) to resist earthquakes. When illuminated a night, the building is intended to resemble a "magic lantern". 285: 1718:(2011–2015) is a mixture of modern technique and technology with the massive stone look of the city's old walls. 383: 208: 2173: 1221:

collections were often similar, he usually succeeded in giving each museum a distinct look and personality. The

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but also a parody of the imagery of technology of our time. To consider it as a high-tech object is a mistake."

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the turn of a ramp on the ring road evokes a large airship, hence the nicknames "The Zeppelin" or "The Whale".

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from an industrial site into a commercial and tourist attraction (1977). Their first major building was the

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year. In 1970, he received his first international commission, for the Pavilion of Italian Industry for

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will be partnering with the Renzo Piano Building Workshop for its new Science Gateway outreach center.

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In 1977 Piano ended his collaboration with Rogers and began a new collaboration with engineer

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In 1989, after their old museum buildings were damaged by an earthquake, the trustees of the

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It has been announced that the Piano firm would partner with a Baltimore firm to design the

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began a rigorous building schedule for the North American market. At the time one ship the

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as a "comforting reminder of the civilizing function of great art in a barbaric age".

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is the complex of music venues located in the Rome neighborhood which hosted the 1960

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565 Broome at 565 Broome St., a twin-tower 30-story residential building in the west

1811:

in Los Angeles is a conversion of the former May Company Department Store (1939), an

1738: 1622: 1575:

Los Angeles County Museum of Art (BCAM and Resnick Pavilion), Los Angeles (2003–2010)

1288: 1255: 1072: 888: 876: 724: 658: 657:"The Whale" Bercy 2 is a shopping mall with 70 stores and 36,000 m2 located in Paris 642: 517: 395: 323:; born 14 September 1937) is an Italian architect. His notable buildings include the 3597: 2974: 1803: 4142: 4046: 3998: 3889: 3348:

Marta Cartabia, Renzo Piano e Andrea in the Fondazione Agnelli's Board of Directors

1987: 1904: 1824: 1789: 1731: 1605: 848: 634: 596: 486: 466: 319: 182: 3938: 3861: 3549: 3212:"Il Presidente Napolitano nomina Abbado, Cattaneo, Piano e Rubbia senatori a vita" 1351:

California Academy of Sciences renovation and extension, San Francisco (2000–2008)

1004: 4118: 4062: 3613: 1947: 1862: 1832: 1827:

Science Center for Mind Brain Behavior. part of the new Manhattanville Campus of

1590: 1373: 1204: 947: 919:(1991–1998), is among the most unusual of Piano's works. A joint project between 794: 778: 234: 4222: 4182: 4166: 1673: 4262: 4254: 4158: 4030: 3925: 3885: 3797: 3769: 3641: 3617: 3541: 2101: 2056: 1931: 1304: 1212:

Piano elegance." He called the whole complex "deceptively simple but smart.".

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and began working with experimental lightweight structures and basic shelters.

359: 328: 242: 3605: 3467: 3451: 2832:"Renzo Piano reconfigures Harvard Art Museums around a grand courtyard atrium" 1612: 1372:

In 2000 the City of Chicago launched a major program of cultural buildings in

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Cultural Center in former power plant GES-2 from 1907 in Moscow, financed by

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decided to move from its original building on Madison Avenue, constructed by

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On top of the opera house a square horizontal glass box is placed, called

1682:, a consolidation of collections of the three art museums associated with 1367: 1230: 661:, along the bankside of the river Seine and the "Périphérique" ring road. 4246: 4214: 4094: 4014: 3869: 3857: 3829: 3777: 3689: 3625: 3565: 3153: 1999: 1797: 1377: 1340: 1336: 951: 892: 839: 426: 246: 923:

and the French government, it is designed to display the culture of the

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Since April 2023 he has been a member of the board of directors of the

1942:

and credited him with "redefining modern and postmodern architecture."

1907:, boss of power company Novatek, opening is planned for September 2020. 1752: 1630: 1626: 1242: 613: 607:

Old Port of Genoa (1985–2001) and Lingotto Factory in Turin (1983–2003)

588: 402: 199: 3438: 1298: 417:

The 1970 Osaka structure was greatly admired by the British architect

3837: 3573: 2578:"A Building That Blooms and Grows, Balancing Nature and Civilization" 1856: 1756: 1721: 1659: 1533: 1455: 1263: 907:

Jean-Marie Tjibaou Cultural Centre, Noumea, New Caledonia (1991–1998)

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similar to the perch of the art museum atop the Lingotto factory in

1678:

Beginning in 2008, Piano rebuilt an existing structure to house the

620:, and the conversion and modernization of the gigantic and historic 4126: 3821: 3813: 3529: 3075: 1959: 1952: 1939: 1914: 1910: 1812: 1800:. The architecture features long overhangs and giant glass panels. 1695: 1490: 1344: 1194: 629: 432: 3311: 3129:"Architecture View; What Pritzker Winners Tell Us About the Prize" 1739:

Stavros Niarchos Foundation Cultural Center, Athens, Greece (2016)

4432:

Knights Grand Cross of the Order of Merit of the Italian Republic

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Jonathan Glancey, "Is the Shard really worse than the Taliban?",

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Academy Museum of Motion Pictures, Los Angeles, California (2021)

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was chosen after competition whose entrants included projects by

1280: 844: 592: 470: 407: 1818: 1307:

in New York City is next to the original library, a monument of

548:

The Agnelli art museum atop the Lingotto Factory in Turin (2003)

1866: 1748: 1706:, an open-air theatre 'machine' within the ruins of the former 1388:, noted that some aspects of the building recalled the work of 1043: 880: 1591:

Astrup Fearnley Museum of Modern Art, Oslo, Norway (2006–2012)

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The Harvard Art Museums, Cambridge, Massachusetts (2008–2014)

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is the headquarters for the Krause Group, parent company of

562:, thirty-eight, in collaboration with the Italian architect 4367:

People associated with the Los Angeles County Museum of Art

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Kimbell Art Museum extension, Fort Worth, Texas (2007–2013)

1270: 1259: 1076: 968: 858: 621: 1869:, Taiwan. Under construction and scheduled to open in 2022 1751:

is one of Piano's most dramatic projects. Located next to

1690:

Valletta City Gate and Parliament House, Malta (2011–2015)

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Other architects engaged in the enormous project included

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People associated with the Whitney Museum of American Art

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Whitney Museum of American Art, New York City (2007–2015)

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Honorary Fellows of the American Institute of Architects

2913:"Renzo Piano's Stunning Centro Botín Opens in Santander" 2557: 2401: 2315: 2305: 2303: 2240: 2238: 2236: 1876:. Under construction and scheduled to open in early 2022 3076:"Renzo Piano plant Kulturzentrum in Moskauer Kraftwerk" 2633: 1368:

Modern wing of the Art Institute of Chicago (2000–2009)

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Academic staff of the Polytechnic University of Milan

3329: 2770: 2745: 2733: 2709: 2697: 2659: 2595: 2545: 2521: 2509: 2497: 2473: 2461: 2449: 2437: 2413: 2389: 2377: 2339: 2327: 2300: 2233: 1625:(2007–2013) is an addition to the museum designed by 1395: 4347:

Members of the European Academy of Sciences and Arts

4337:

Recipients of the Civil Order of Alfonso X, the Wise

2288: 2250: 3968: 3154:"1998 Pritzker Prize jury citation for Renzo Piano" 2425: 1958:On 18 March 2008, he became an honorary citizen of 1521:

Stavros Niarchos Foundation Cultural Center, Athens

1299:

Morgan Library Renovation and Extension (2000–2006)

3390:(in French). Translated by Olivier Favier. Arléa. 2639: 2613: 2575: 1722:Centro de Arte Botín, Santander, Spain (2012–2017) 3190:"Renzo Piano počasni građanin Sarajeva – Klix.ba" 2975:"RPBW Architects – Renzo Piano Building Workshop" 2081: 1579:Commissioned to design a "transformation" of the 365: 4293: 3468:Renzo Piano in conversation with Colin B. Bailey 2037:International Union of Architects#UIA Gold Medal 1528: 1249: 1195:Auditorium of the Parco della Musica (1994–2002) 870: 653:Paris "The Whale" Commercial Mall Bercy 2 (1990) 433:The Centre Pompidou and early projects 1973–1977 3231: 3229: 3120: 2953:designboom | architecture & design magazine 2802:"After 6 years, Harvard Art Museums reemerging" 2199: 990: 668: 582: 1784:Krause Gateway Center, Des Moines, Iowa (2019) 903:. also used in different parts of the Museum. 553: 425:, an Italian furniture company, in Novedrate, 3954: 3511: 1819:Projects under construction or in development 4417:Members of the Royal Swedish Academy of Arts 3226: 2271:"British Architect Wins 2007 Pritzker Prize" 1175: 3237:"Le onorificenze della Repubblica italiana" 2616:"Renzo Piano Embraces Chicago (slide show)" 1745:Stavros Niarchos Foundation Cultural Center 1443:(BCAM), Los Angeles, California (2003–2010) 979:Aurora Place, Sydney, Australia (1996–2000) 558:In 1971 the thirty-four-year old Piano and 345:Stavros Niarchos Foundation Cultural Center 3961: 3947: 3518: 3504: 3290:Agencia Estatal Boletín Oficial del Estado 3126: 3051:"CERN unveils its Science Gateway project" 1380:and a new wing of the beaux-arts building 2165: 781:Berlin project (Piano buildings on right) 59:Learn how and when to remove this message 3000:"Krause Gateway Center – OPN Architects" 2576:Ouroussof, Nicolai (23 September 2008). 2268: 2133:"Istanbul: World's Greatest Places 2022" 1953:100 most influential people in the world 1536:, built over the underground station of 1412:, London, under construction (2002–2010) 1271:High Museum of Art Extension (1999–2005) 859:Kansai International Airport (1991–1994) 3491:Renzo Piano Architecture on Google maps 3405:Taschen, Aurelia and Balthazar (2016). 3404: 3362: 3335: 2776: 2751: 2739: 2715: 2703: 2665: 2601: 2563: 2551: 2527: 2515: 2503: 2479: 2467: 2455: 2443: 2419: 2407: 2395: 2383: 2345: 2333: 2321: 2309: 2294: 2256: 2244: 2227: 2006:Gold Medal of Merit for Culture and Art 1558:Central Saint Giles, London (2002–2010) 1164:Auditorium Niccolò Paganini (1997–2001) 4397:Members of the Académie d'architecture 4357:Polytechnic University of Milan alumni 4352:Members of the Academy of Arts, Berlin 4342:Kyoto laureates in Arts and Philosophy 4294: 3409:(in French). Bibliotheca Universalis. 2856: 1994:Order of Merit of the Italian Republic 1788:The Krause Gateway Center in downtown 599:, an art museum for the art collector 4392:Honorary members of the Royal Academy 3942: 3499: 3481:Pritzker Architecture Prize biography 3385: 2431: 2171: 1890:Agora Institute on the campus of The 1059:Sanctuary of Saint Pio of Pietrelcina 318: 4377:Recipients of the Praemium Imperiale 2892:"Renzo Piano Building Workshop Site" 2178:. Milan: Franco Angelo. p. 15. 1925: 1896:In April 2019 it was announced that 1597:Astrup Fearnley Museum of Modern Art 1472:Astrup Fearnley Museum of Modern Art 830:Crown Class Cruise Ships (1989–1991) 378:. Renzo studied architecture at the 43:Please help consolidate the article. 20: 4332:Pritzker Architecture Prize winners 3106:Italian Ministry of Foreign Affairs 2359:"Two Ships Inspired by the Dolphin" 2050:Gold Medal for Italian Architecture 1323:New York Times Building (2000–2007) 1216:Nasher Sculpture Center (1999–2003) 943:Potsdamer Platz, Berlin (1992–2000) 697:Kansai Airport interior (1991–1994) 683:Kansai International Airport, Osaka 13: 4372:Recipients of the Royal Gold Medal 2857:Farago, Jason (14 November 2014). 2640:Ouroussof, Nicolai (14 May 2009). 2614:Ouroussof, Nicolai (13 May 2009). 2076:Civil Order of Alfonso X, the Wise 1883:, Germany, to be completed in 2018 1848:One Sydney Harbour tower in Sydney 1396:Projects completed 2010 to present 1287:, and inspired by the form of the 913:Jean-Marie Tjibaou Cultural Centre 824:Crown Class Cruise Ships 1989-1991 760:Jean-Marie Tjibaou Cultural Centre 745:Jean-Marie Tjibaou Cultural Centre 14: 4443: 3424: 2269:Pogrebin, Robin (28 March 2007). 2030:Spirit of Wood Architecture Award 1965:In August 2013, he was appointed 1809:Academy Museum of Motion Pictures 973:The Disobedience of the Architect 532:Giant "Crane" in the Old Port of 501:The Biosphere in the Old Port of 4407:Recipients of the AIA Gold Medal 3462: 3446: 3437: 3388:La Désobéissance de l'Architecte 3127:Goldberger, Paul (28 May 1988). 2107: 2074:2017, Knight Grand Cross of the 1992:1990, Knight Grand Cross of the 1581:Los Angeles County Museum of Art 1513: 1498: 1479: 1463: 1448: 1441:Los Angeles County Museum of Art 1432: 1417: 1402: 1147: 1132: 1116: 1100: 1084: 1065: 1051: 1032: 1016: 997: 817: 802: 793:PricewaterhouseCoopers tower on 786: 771: 752: 736: 717: 702: 690: 675: 541: 525: 510: 494: 478: 458: 439: 286:Los Angeles County Museum of Art 93: 25: 4422:Compasso d'Oro Award recipients 4387:21st-century Italian architects 4382:20th-century Italian architects 4327:Modernist architects from Italy 3472:The Morgan Library & Museum 3407:L'Architecture Moderne de A à Z 3356: 3341: 3304: 3278: 3251: 3192:. Sarajevo-x.com. 18 March 2008 3182: 3160: 3146: 3094: 3068: 3043: 3017: 2992: 2967: 2941: 2919: 2905: 2884: 2850: 2824: 2794: 2782: 2757: 2721: 2684: 2671: 2607: 2569: 2533: 2485: 2351: 1945:In 2006, Piano was selected by 855:followed a year later in 1991. 384:Polytechnic University of Milan 209:Polytechnic University of Milan 4039:Richard von Coudenhove-Kalergi 3456:Whitney Museum of American Art 2642:"Renzo Piano Embraces Chicago" 2262: 2139: 2125: 2082:Professional and personal life 2041:2004, Honorary doctorate from 1913:museum of contemporary art in 1767:and a new opera house for the 1652:Whitney Museum of American Art 1506:Whitney Museum of American Art 1357:California Academy of Sciences 1140:California Academy of Sciences 386:. He graduated in 1964 with a 366:Early life and first buildings 337:Whitney Museum of American Art 282:Whitney Museum of American Art 1: 3486:Profile at GreatBuildings.com 3365:Renzo Piano Building Workshop 3292:(in Spanish). 3 November 2017 2118: 1529:The Shard, London (2000–2010) 1275:The original building of the 1250:Zentrum Paul Klee (1999–2005) 871:Fondation Beyeler (1991–1997) 370:Piano was born and raised in 347:in Athens (2016). He won the 16:Italian architect (born 1937) 3452:Whitney Stories: Renzo Piano 3174:. 8 May 2006. Archived from 3082:(in German). 30 October 2019 2175:L'opera di Giuseppe Ciribini 2114:List of works by Renzo Piano 1142:in San Francisco (2000–2008) 1127:in New York City (2000–2007) 1111:in New York City (2000–2006) 991:Projects completed 2001–2009 669:Projects completed 1991–2000 583:Menil Collection (1981–1987) 390:about modular coordination ( 262:Kansai International Airport 7: 3527:Pritzker Architecture Prize 3025:"FLOAT, Düsseldorf – WITTE" 2024:Pritzker Architecture Prize 1888:Stavros Niarchos Foundation 1694:The 'City Gate' project in 1508:, New York City (2007–2015) 1376:with a new concert hall by 879:is a private art museum in 554:Centre Pompidou (1973–1977) 349:Pritzker Architecture Prize 278:The New York Times Building 231:Pritzker Architecture Prize 10: 4448: 2111: 2069:National Academy of Design 1962:, Bosnia and Herzegovina. 1872:Ontario Court of Justice, 1474:, Oslo, Norway (2010–2013) 963:, and his former partner, 3977: 3536: 3461: 3445: 3436: 3431: 1980: 1815:landmark opened in 2021. 1176:Maison Hermès (1998–2001) 1079:, Switzerland (1999–2005) 743:Drawing by Piano for the 731:, Switzerland (1991–1997) 339:in New York City (2015), 300: 296: 292: 256: 252: 226: 218: 214: 198: 188: 162: 157: 153: 141: 127: 116: 108: 104: 92: 73: 4239:Hans Magnus Enzensberger 3666:Christian de Portzamparc 3363:Jodidio, Philip (2016). 1892:Johns Hopkins University 1390:Ludwig Mies van der Rohe 1382:Art Institute of Chicago 1156:Art Institute of Chicago 1025:Parco della Musica, Rome 320:[ˈrɛntsoˈpjaːno] 38:too many section headers 2172:Bosia, Daniela (2013). 2067:2013, elected into the 1930:In 1998, Piano won the 1879:Float Office Building, 1704:16th-century city walls 1329:New York Times Building 1327:Piano's design for the 1309:Beaux-Arts architecture 1283:, Georgia, designed by 1223:Nasher Sculpture Center 1125:New York Times Building 1040:Nasher Sculpture Center 447:Centre Georges Pompidou 343:in Istanbul (2022) and 325:Centre Georges Pompidou 266:Centre Georges Pompidou 4055:Willem Visser 't Hooft 3806:Eduardo Souto de Moura 3722:Herzog & de Meuron 3386:Piano, Renzo (2009) . 1919:Bosnia and Herzegovina 1765:Greek National Library 1313:McKim, Meade and White 1095:in Atlanta (1999–2005) 628:, Italy. For the Fiat 392:coordinazione modulare 380:University of Florence 335:in London (2012), the 205:University of Florence 111:Senate of the Republic 4322:Italian life senators 4312:Architects from Genoa 3762:Paulo Mendes da Rocha 1973:by Italian president 1617:The extension of the 1303:The extension of the 917:Nouméa, New Caledonia 812:in Sydney (1996–2000) 764:Nouméa, New Caledonia 4317:Engineers from Genoa 4175:Krzysztof Kieślowski 3910:Diébédo Francis Kéré 3902:Jean-Philippe Vassal 1794:Western Gateway Park 1774:Pharos (Lighthouse), 1769:Greek National Opera 1761:2004 Summer Olympics 1427:, London (2002–2010) 1291:in New York City of 641:added a library, an 564:Gianfranco Franchini 4271:Svetlana Alexievich 3259:"Prof. Renzo Piano" 3168:"The 2006 Time 100" 3031:on 7 September 2018 2812:on 8 September 2018 2765:Dallas Morning News 2043:Columbia University 2032:, Helsinki, Finland 1829:Columbia University 1680:Harvard Art Museums 1664:Wall Street Journal 1640:Dallas Morning News 1564:Central Saint Giles 1493:, Malta (2011–2015) 1458:, London, UK (2012) 1425:Central Saint Giles 1410:Central Saint Giles 1209:Berlin Philharmonic 1154:Modern wing of the 1046:, Texas (1999–2003) 1011:, Japan (1998–2001) 712:in Amsterdam (1997) 710:Nemo Science Centre 685:, Japan (1991–1994) 473:, Texas (1982–1987) 376:University of Genoa 274:Shard London Bridge 4427:Italian Freemasons 4135:Simone de Beauvoir 3969:Recipients of the 3918:David Chipperfield 3650:Álvaro Siza Vieira 3133:The New York Times 2838:. 18 November 2014 2730:, 15 February 2008 2646:The New York Times 2620:The New York Times 2582:The New York Times 2275:The New York Times 2018:Praemium Imperiale 1975:Giorgio Napolitano 1839:Sesto San Giovanni 1763:, it combines the 1684:Harvard University 1619:Kimbell Art Museum 1585:The New York Times 1293:Frank Lloyd Wright 1277:High Museum of Art 1239:Alberto Giacometti 1201:Parco della Musica 1093:High Museum of Art 1023:Auditorium of the 937:Parco della Musica 840:Sitmar Fairmajesty 601:Dominique de Menil 572:The New York Times 485:Sunscreens of the 270:Parco della Musica 148:Giorgio Napolitano 4289: 4288: 3991:Albert Schweitzer 3983:Winston Churchill 3936: 3935: 3846:Alejandro Aravena 3477: 3476: 3416:978-3-8365-5630-9 3397:978-2-86959-849-2 3378:978-3-8365-3637-0 3108:. 3 November 2023 3004:opnarchitects.com 2955:. 11 January 2019 2694:, 9 February 2017 2566:, pp. 67–69. 2494:, 27 January 2015 2363:Los Angeles Times 2324:, pp. 25–27. 2209:. 27 January 2009 1926:Honors and awards 1708:Royal Opera House 1623:Fort Worth, Texas 1289:Guggenheim Museum 1256:Zentrum Paul Klee 1107:Extension to the 1091:Extension of the 1073:Zentrum Paul Klee 889:Guggenheim Bilbao 877:Fondation Beyeler 847:was delivered to 834:In the mid-1980s 725:Fondation Beyeler 518:Aquarium of Genoa 396:Giuseppe Ciribini 354:Piano has been a 304: 303: 173:14 September 1937 69: 68: 61: 4439: 4282: 4279:Marina Abramović 4274: 4266: 4258: 4250: 4242: 4234: 4226: 4218: 4210: 4202: 4194: 4186: 4178: 4170: 4162: 4154: 4146: 4143:William Heinesen 4138: 4130: 4122: 4114: 4106: 4098: 4090: 4082: 4074: 4066: 4058: 4050: 4047:Laurence Olivier 4042: 4034: 4026: 4018: 4010: 4002: 3999:Bertrand Russell 3994: 3986: 3963: 3956: 3949: 3940: 3939: 3929: 3921: 3913: 3905: 3893: 3890:Shelley McNamara 3881: 3873: 3865: 3849: 3841: 3833: 3825: 3817: 3809: 3801: 3789: 3781: 3773: 3765: 3757: 3749: 3741: 3733: 3725: 3717: 3709: 3701: 3693: 3685: 3677: 3669: 3661: 3653: 3645: 3637: 3629: 3621: 3609: 3601: 3593: 3585: 3577: 3569: 3561: 3553: 3545: 3520: 3513: 3506: 3497: 3496: 3466: 3465: 3450: 3449: 3441: 3429: 3428: 3420: 3401: 3382: 3350: 3345: 3339: 3333: 3327: 3326: 3324: 3322: 3308: 3302: 3301: 3299: 3297: 3282: 3276: 3275: 3273: 3271: 3255: 3249: 3248: 3246: 3244: 3233: 3224: 3223: 3221: 3219: 3214:. 30 August 2013 3208: 3202: 3201: 3199: 3197: 3186: 3180: 3179: 3178:on 22 June 2010. 3164: 3158: 3157: 3150: 3144: 3143: 3141: 3139: 3124: 3118: 3117: 3115: 3113: 3098: 3092: 3091: 3089: 3087: 3072: 3066: 3065: 3063: 3061: 3047: 3041: 3040: 3038: 3036: 3027:. 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Archived from 2798: 2792: 2786: 2780: 2774: 2768: 2761: 2755: 2749: 2743: 2737: 2731: 2725: 2719: 2713: 2707: 2701: 2695: 2688: 2682: 2675: 2669: 2663: 2657: 2656: 2654: 2652: 2637: 2631: 2630: 2628: 2626: 2611: 2605: 2599: 2593: 2592: 2590: 2588: 2573: 2567: 2561: 2555: 2549: 2543: 2537: 2531: 2525: 2519: 2513: 2507: 2501: 2495: 2489: 2483: 2477: 2471: 2465: 2459: 2453: 2447: 2441: 2435: 2429: 2423: 2417: 2411: 2410:, p. 41-43. 2405: 2399: 2393: 2387: 2381: 2375: 2374: 2372: 2370: 2355: 2349: 2343: 2337: 2331: 2325: 2319: 2313: 2307: 2298: 2292: 2286: 2285: 2283: 2281: 2266: 2260: 2254: 2248: 2242: 2231: 2230:, pp. 9–10. 2225: 2219: 2218: 2216: 2214: 2203: 2197: 2196: 2194: 2192: 2169: 2163: 2162: 2160: 2158: 2143: 2137: 2136: 2129: 1988:Royal Gold Medal 1967:Senator for Life 1905:Leonid Mikhelson 1855:neighborhood of 1825:Jerome L. Greene 1790:Des Moines, Iowa 1732:Santander, Spain 1716:Parliament House 1606:Louise Bourgeois 1523:, Greece (2016) 1517: 1502: 1487:Parliament House 1483: 1467: 1452: 1436: 1421: 1406: 1190: 1189: 1185: 1151: 1136: 1120: 1104: 1088: 1069: 1055: 1036: 1020: 1001: 851:in 1990 and the 849:Princess Cruises 821: 806: 790: 775: 756: 740: 721: 706: 694: 679: 635:Giovanni Agnelli 597:Menil Collection 545: 529: 514: 498: 487:Menil Collection 482: 467:Menil Collection 462: 443: 394:) supervised by 356:Senator for Life 322: 317: 313: 288: 183:Kingdom of Italy 176: 172: 170: 158:Personal details 144: 134: 97: 87: 76:Senator for life 71: 70: 64: 57: 53: 50: 44: 29: 28: 21: 4447: 4446: 4442: 4441: 4440: 4438: 4437: 4436: 4292: 4291: 4290: 4285: 4277: 4269: 4261: 4253: 4245: 4237: 4229: 4221: 4213: 4205: 4197: 4189: 4181: 4173: 4165: 4157: 4151:Jürgen Habermas 4149: 4141: 4133: 4125: 4119:Hermann Gmeiner 4117: 4109: 4101: 4093: 4085: 4077: 4071:Halldór Laxness 4069: 4063:Arthur Koestler 4061: 4053: 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Hollein 3406: 3387: 3364: 3357:Bibliography 3343: 3336:Jodidio 2016 3331: 3321:22 September 3319:. 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Retrieved 2150: 2141: 2127: 2104:Foundation. 2099: 2096: 2092: 2088: 2085: 1964: 1957: 1946: 1944: 1936:Michelangelo 1929: 1841:masterplan, 1807: 1798:Kum & Go 1792:adjacent to 1787: 1773: 1742: 1728:Centro Botín 1727: 1725: 1712:World War II 1702:through the 1693: 1677: 1667: 1663: 1649: 1639: 1616: 1602:Anish Kapoor 1594: 1584: 1578: 1569:leper colony 1561: 1550: 1545: 1532: 1385: 1371: 1361: 1354: 1326: 1316: 1311:designed by 1302: 1274: 1253: 1219: 1198: 1179: 1170:Parma, Italy 1167: 1009:Ginza, Tokyo 984:Aurora Place 982: 972: 957:Rafael Moneo 946: 930: 910: 874: 862: 833: 810:Aurora Place 663: 656: 647: 639: 610: 586: 577: 571: 557: 416: 400: 391: 388:dissertation 369: 353: 306: 305: 143:Appointed by 129: 118: 55: 49:January 2022 46: 35: 18: 4302:1937 births 4247:Orhan Pamuk 4231:Renzo Piano 4215:Mona Hatoum 4095:Karl Popper 4015:Alvar Aalto 3870:B. V. 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