251:
226:
1476:"No one would deny that the Israel authorities would be justified, and are justified, in using strong measures to check (infiltration), in so far as damage to property or loss of life results. But not everyone who crosses the armistice demarcation line does so with criminal intent. Acts of violence are indeed committed, but as the volume of illegal crossings of the demarcation line is so considerable, if one is to judge from the available statistics, it seems probable that many crossings are carried out by persons ā sometimes, I understand, even by children ā with no criminal object in view". āEngland's ambassador to the UN, Ā¶52
197:
211:
174:
1364:(2011), p. 284: "The (Czech) arms were scheduled to arrive in the course of the following twelve months, and Israeli analysts believed that the Egyptian army could absorb them by autumn I956. Israel had to acquire a similar quantity of arms, or to attack and destroy the Egyptian army while it was relatively weak. In fact Israel did both, setting in motion arms acquisition drives and planning ā and, in late October 1955, trying to provoke a preemptive war with Egypt";
963:
27:
240:
1064:
590:. Most of the reprisal operations followed raids that resulted in Israeli fatalities. The goal of these operations ā from the perspective of Israeli officials ā was to create deterrence and prevent future attacks. Two other factors behind the raids were restoring public morale and training newly formed army units. A number of these operations involved attacking villages and Palestinian civilians in the West Bank, including the 1953
160:
674:. This marked reduction was in good part the result of increased Jordanian efficiency in patrolling. According to some Israeli sources, between June 1949 and the end of 1952, a total of 57 Israelis, mostly civilians, were killed by Palestinian infiltrators from the West Bank and Jordan. The Israeli death toll for the first nine months of 1953 was 32. During roughly the same time period (November 1950 ā November 1953), the
107:
1369:, 2013, p. 133: " proposed that Nasser be given a final opportunity to demonstrate moderation. ...With the revelation of the Czech arms deal in September, Ben Gurion revived the notion of the pre-emptive strike... Convinced that Nasser would attack in six to eight months, the estimated time needed to absorb the Soviet weapons, Ben Gurion instructed Dayan to formulate detailed plans for the invasion of Sinai.";
1374:, 2001, p. 7, "Ben Gurion saw no reason to effect a revision in Israeli Egyptian relations and continued to adhere to the status quo and abide by the terms of the armistice regime. It was the arms deal that was the turning point for BenGurion: the balance was weighted so heavily in Egypt's favour, he believed, that Nasser now possessed the tool with which to put his intentions into practice"
1003:. Tawfiq was designated by the IDF as the center of many Syrian attacks and as a result it was decided that the destruction of the village was vital. During the operation the village was overrun and destroyed while Israeli forces were under attack by Syrian artillery. Six Syrian soldiers were killed during the operation. Three IDF soldiers were killed and seven were injured.
944:(××צע ש×××Ø××) ā Carried out on 10 October 1956 in which IDF forces attacked the Qalqilya police forces. 100 Jordanian soldiers and 17 IDF soldiers were killed during the operation. The operation was carried out in response to the constant infiltrations from the West Bank, and in response to the constant attacks from the Jordanian army aimed at Israeli soldiers and civilians.
630:, the Israeli prime minister, did not authorize reprisal attacks against Egypt. In mid 1954 a senior Egyptian military intelligence in the Gaza Strip reported: "The main objective of the military presence along the armistice line is to prevent infiltration, but the Palestinian troops encourage the movement of infiltrators and carry out attacks along the line."
1287:
600 million
Egyptian pounds, to be paid in Egyptian cotton." The Egyptian experts requested 200 tanks, 200 armored vehicles, 60 to 100 MIG-15 planes, 2,000 trucks, 1,000 jeeps, and other items.... Czechoslovakia would not be able to supply weapons to Egypt in 1952. And each year, from then until 1955, Prague kept finding new reasons to delay the shipments.
1031:, in response to previous acts of sabotage aimed at Israeli targets. During the operation dozens of houses were bombed while 18 Jordanians were killed. One IDF soldier was also killed ā the paratroop battalion commander, Lt. Col. Yoav Shaham. In addition to the ground operation, an air battle was conducted between eight
1402:
On
September 12 Egypt tightened its blockade of the Straits of Tiran and closed the air space over the Gulf of Aqaba to Israeli aircraft, forcing Israel to halt civilian flights to South Africa. During the following weeks Egyptian directed fedayeen attacked Israeli settlements and traffic across the
1286:
Egyptian representatives were able to sign a new commercial agreement with
Czechoslovakia on 24 October 1951, which included a secret clause stating that "the government of Czechoslovakia will provide the Egyptian government with arms and ammunition ā to be selected by Egyptian experts ā worth about
678:
condemned
Israeli raids 44 times. Furthermore, during the same period, 1949ā1953, Jordan maintained that it had suffered 629 killed and injured stemming from Israeli incursions and cross-border bombings. UN sources for the period, based on the documentation at General Bennike's disposal (prepared by
665:
Some infiltration activities were initiated by
Palestinian Arab refugees who were ostensibly looking for relatives, returning to their homes, recovering possessions, tending to their fields, collecting their crops, as well as exacting revenge. Half of Jordan's prison population at the time consisted
650:
claimed that this operation motivated the Czech arms deal, although Egypt had previously signed arms contracts with
Czechoslovakia (which never materialized). Nasser refused to order his army to stop firing at Israeli patrols. Moreover, this shooting was intensified after the Gaza raid. According to
625:
under
Egyptian control, and the Egyptian authorities tried to curb them. The Egyptian republican regime told Israel during secret talks that such acts as the blockade and armed infiltration were political necessities for Egypt and Israel had to accept it. From February 1954, Egyptian soldiers opened
1535:
The
Lebanese ambassador on 16 November summed up the figures at the UN's disposal for Jordanian-Israeli incidents from 1949 in these words: "Israel, in Israel territory, has lost 24 people killed; and Jordan, in its own territory, has lost 77 people killed, of whom 55 lost their lives at Qibya. Of
953:
Between 1949 and 1956 cross border attacks from Israel's neighbours killed around 200 Israelis, with perhaps another 200 Israeli soldiers being killed in border clashes or IDF raids. Over the same period between 2,700 and 5,000 Arabs were killed. This figure includes many unarmed civilians who had
700:
We do not have power to ensure that the water pipe lines won't be exploded or that the trees won't be uprooted. We do not have the power to prevent the murders of orchard workers or families while they are asleep, but we have the power to set a high price for our blood, a price which would be too
654:
Ben Gurion continued to adhere to the status quo and followed the terms of the armistice regime, but in
September 1955 Egypt tightened its blockade of the Straits of Tiran, closed the air space over the Gulf of Aqaba to Israeli aircraft, initiated fedayeen attacks against the Israeli population
853:(××צע ×××) ā Following an Egyptian border provocation in the Nitzana Demilitarized Zone, two-hundred paratroopers carried out a reprisal raid against an Egyptian military post at Kuntilla on 28ā29 October 1955. Twelve Egyptian soldiers were killed and twenty-nine others were taken prisoner.
655:
across the
Lebanese and Jordanian borders, and announced the Czech arms deal. However, with the revelation of the Czech arms deal, Ben Gurion believed that Nasser now possessed the tools with which to put his aggressive intentions into practice. Ben Gurion therefore attempted to provoke a
1267:
In July 1954 the head of Egyptian military intelligence in the Gaza Strip wrote: 'The main objective of the military presence along the armistice line is to prevent infiltration, but the Palestinian troops encourage the movement of infiltrators and carry out attacks along the
900:. Colonel Mustafa Hafez, head of Egyptian intelligence in the Gaza Strip, was assassinated on 11 July 1956 after opening a package containing a bomb that was brought to him by an Egyptian double agent. On 13 July 1956, Colonel Salah Mustafa, the Egyptian military attache in
717:
Committing a severe responsive act to this bloodbath would only obscure its horrors, and put us in an equal level with murderers of the other party. We should rather this instance to raise political pressure on the world powers, to have them exert unprecedented pressure on
749:. The next day the first retribution operation since signing the cease-fire agreements was carried out. Unlike the following retribution operations, this operation was carried out by the Israeli Air Force. The operation failed when the attacking planes missed their target.
1011:(××צע ×”× ×× ××Ŗ) ā Another operation which was carried out in retaliation for Syrian attacks on Israeli fishermen in the Sea of Galilee. During the operation (carried out on 16 March 1962), Israeli forces from the Golani Brigade raided Syrian posts in the village of
695:
ordered reprisal raids as a tough response to terror attacks. The message was that any attack on Israelis would be followed by a strong Israeli response. In the words of Ben-Gurion, from his lecture "retribution operations as a means to ensure the Peace":
1236:
the Israelis would have to accept a certain degree of friction in their relations with Egypt, and understand that such acts as the blockade and armed infiltration were political necessities for Egypt and not representative of any truly belligerent
804:
between 28 February until 1 March 1955. The operation was aimed at the Egyptian army. Thirty eight Egyptian soldiers were killed during the operation with 30 injured; eight IDF soldiers were also killed and 13 were injured. According to President
1501:
1623:. Sphere Books edition (1967) page 32. "He was gravely wounded, the bullet striking his windpipe, but his life was saved by the medical officer of the unit, who crawled to him under fire and performed a tracheotomy with his pocket knife."
637:
returned to the government, and a reprisal operation against an Egyptian military camp near Gaza was authorized, after a murder of an Israeli civilian in the center of Israel was committed by Egyptian intelligence agents. In the
745:(××Ŗק××¤× ×××-×××) ā Following the el-įø¤amma incident on 4 April 1951 in which seven Israeli soldiers were killed after attempting to enforce Israel's claimed sovereignty in the demilitarized zone to include the el-įø¤amma enclave ā
787:
during the night, killing 69 villagers, two thirds of them women and children. In addition to that, forty-five houses, a school, and a mosque were destroyed. The Israeli force was made up of paratroopers and members of
865:
in the Demilitarized Zone, the IDF carried out an attack in that area on 2 November 1955. 81 Egyptian soldiers were killed during the operations and 55 were captured. Seven IDF soldiers were killed during the
614:. In 1954 the Jordanian authorities decided to curb the infiltration due to fierce Israeli activity, and the cross-border infiltration from Jordan substantially declined, along with the number of victims. The
825:
from where attacks had been carried out against Israelis. 72 Egyptian soldiers were killed during the operation. The operation was followed by a massive buildup of Egyptian troops in the Gaza Strip.
1497:
726:, was very critical of what he described as "constant provocation of the Israeli forces and armed kibbutzim." His conclusion was "The retaliation does not end the matter; it goes on and on ..."
2683:
1480:
1540:
413:
1975:
1048:
A commemoration site called "Black Arrow" (×ׄ ש×××Ø), which commemorates the various retribution operations and the heritage of the Israeli paratrooper units, is located in the northern
896:ā In July 1956, Israeli military intelligence assassinated two Egyptian officers considered to be key organizers of fedayeen raids into Israel in an operation planned by Major General
1765:
1433:
During December 1955 February I956 the Egyptians appear to have clamped down on civilian infiltration, but their troops fired across the line at Israeli patrols almost every day
662:
From December 1955 to February 1956 the Egyptians clamped down on "civilian" infiltration into Israel, yet their soldiers frequently fired across the line at Israeli patrols.
2193:
829:
974:
of 1956 ended the first phase of the Israeli retribution operations. The retribution operations policy continued after the Sinai War, but were initiated mainly against
406:
1347:
Israeli casualty statistics show that 7 or 8 Israelis were killed by infiltrators on the Gaza border annually from 1951 to 1954, with a dramatic rise to 48 in 1955.
878:
in response to constant Syrian attacks on Israeli fishermen. 54 Syrian soldiers were killed and 30 were captured. Six IDF soldiers were killed during the operation.
610:
until October 1956. Most of Reprisal operations followed raids that resulted in Israeli fatalities. From 1949 to 1954 the reprisal operations were directed against
1281:
982:, because at that time the majority of attacks originated over the Jordanian and Syrian borders. The main retribution operations held after the Sinai War include:
3221:
626:
fire against Israeli border patrols, and infiltrators from the Gaza Strip planted mines on the patrol routes, on top of the conventional infiltrations. However,
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of people arrested for attempting to return to, or illegally enter, Israeli territory, but the number of complaints filed by Israel over infiltrations from the
1087:
991:(××צע ××Ø×××) ā Carried out on 31 January 1960, was the first Israeli retribution operation carried out after the Sinai war. The operation was carried out by
587:
2792:
1758:
908:
882:
399:
2970:
2341:
1727:
987:
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are blown up, and seven Arab civilians are killed. Israel formally denies involvement, but international investigators blame an IDF platoon for the raid.
3184:
3178:
954:
crossed the border for economic or social reasons. Most were killed during 1949ā1951. After which the average was between 300 and 500 killed a year.
916:
1477:
2186:
1905:
651:
Israeli casualty statistics, 7 or 8 Israelis were killed by infiltrators from Gaza annually from 1951 to 1954, with a dramatic rise to 48 in 1955.
1537:
3166:
3156:
3138:
3132:
3128:
1751:
996:
1646:
3015:
3009:
3003:
2990:
2980:
2974:
2964:
2960:
2954:
2928:
3150:
1970:
3244:
2911:
2905:
2179:
757:ā In reprisal for the rape and murder of a Jewish girl in Israeli-controlled Jerusalem, three houses in the Palestinian Arab village of
3236:
3226:
2647:
2490:
670:
show a considerable reduction, from 233 in the first nine months of 1952, to 172 for the same period in 1953, immediately before the
1317:(Nasser) refused to order his troops to cease firing at Israeli patrols ā indeed, this practice was intensified after the Gaza raid
3385:
3231:
2785:
2665:
2202:
1563:
Weidenfeld & Nicolson. SBN 297 00133 7. Page 235. Allon attributes an identical quote to Moshe Dayan, Israel's Chief of Staff.
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1720:
1023:(פע×××Ŗ ×”×××¢) ā Carried out on 13 November 1966, brigade strength IDF forces, accompanied by air support, attacked the village of
1106:
833:(××צע ××× ×Ŗ×) ā An attack carried out on 11ā12 September 1955 by two paratroop companies on Khirbet al Rahwa police fort, on the
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3355:
3281:
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1426:
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1340:
1310:
1260:
1229:
1187:
1142:
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1498:"Which Came First ā Terrorism or Occupation ā Major Arab Terrorist Attacks against Israelis Prior to the 1967 Six-Day War"
2778:
2639:
2512:
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the 77 killed since June 1949 in the Palestinian West Bank by Israel, 55 were killed four weeks in the Qibya incident".
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2823:
2691:
2655:
2051:
1965:
1713:
2575:
1960:
504:
309:
69:
861:(××צע ××Ø ×עש) ā Following the invasion of the Egyptian forces into an Israeli youth village and communal settlement
3397:
2743:
2725:
2707:
1132:
857:
487:
1015:. 30 Syrian soldiers were killed while seven IDF soldiers were killed and seven were injured during the operation.
3146:
2351:
2232:
1990:
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road, in which over twenty Jordanian soldiers and policemen were killed. Amongst the Israeli wounded was Captain
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423:
93:
36:
3142:
3072:
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2944:
2802:
567:
3319:
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2994:
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1980:
1077:
255:
2733:
2299:
2016:
1955:
1885:
519:
268:
886:(××צע שע××Ø) ā Carried out on 22 December 1955, the IDF forces raided Syrian outposts on the slopes of the
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2938:
2508:
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Israel's Border Wars, 1949ā1956: Arab Infiltration, Israeli Retaliation and the Countdown to the Suez War
1588:
Israel's Border Wars, 1949ā1956: Arab Infiltration, Israeli Retaliation and the Countdown to the Suez War
1447:
Israel's Border Wars, 1949ā1956: Arab Infiltration, Israeli Retaliation and the Countdown to the Suez War
1205:
Israel's Border Wars, 1949ā1956: Arab Infiltration, Israeli Retaliation and the Countdown to the Suez War
675:
792:. The massacre occurred following an attack in which an Israeli mother and her two children were killed.
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3084:
3062:
2998:
1007:
710:
462:
179:
924:. The operation was in response to the murder of participants in an archaeological conference held in
709:, the Israeli prime minister during the retribution operations, objected to this policy and after the
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3050:
2934:
2881:
2829:
2530:
2224:
1950:
1736:
1650:
1282:"Cutting the Gordian Knot: The Post-WWII Egyptian Quest for Arms and the 1955 Czechoslovak Arms Deal"
874:(××צע ×¢×× ×××Ŗ) ā Carried out on 11 December 1955 at Syrian posts located on the eastern coast of the
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97:
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3379:
2845:
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2520:
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524:
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3112:
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1915:
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This approach dominated in Israel during the 1950s and 1960s, although it was not the only one.
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3090:
2567:
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2482:
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Israeli special forces coordinating an operation in 1960. Different types of firearms are used.
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492:
40:
1219:
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3190:
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2006:
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51:
8:
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514:
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1945:
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1221:
The Origins of the Second Arab-Israel War: Egypt, Israel and the Great Powers, 1952ā56
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201:
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1935:
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1300:
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862:
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563:
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high for the Arab communities, the Arab armies and the Arab governments to bear.
602:
Reprisal operations were carried out following raids by armed infiltrators into
47:
3361:
3337:
2466:
2440:
2309:
2137:
2132:
2106:
1940:
1524:
Violent Truce: A Military Observer Looks at the Arab-Israeli Conflict 1951ā1955
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992:
920:(××צע ××××) ā Carried out on 25 September 1956 in the Arab village Husan, near
875:
771:
753:
723:
671:
656:
591:
467:
445:
363:
347:
280:
273:
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3391:
2675:
2259:
2111:
1880:
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1032:
1019:
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842:
706:
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400ā967 civilians and soldiers killed during this period by fedayeen attacks
321:
301:
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The head of the United Nations truce observers, Canadian Lieutenant-General
3056:
2375:
2153:
1985:
1930:
1843:
925:
821:(××צע ××ק×××) ā Carried out on 31 August 1955 against the police forces of
776:
627:
450:
3325:
3313:
3106:
2267:
2240:
2096:
1890:
1634:
Israel's Reprisal Policy, 1953ā1956: The Dynamics of Military Retaliation
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971:
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328:
132:
1705:
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1814:
1000:
822:
758:
634:
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294:
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1925:
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1012:
933:
921:
904:, received a similar package by mail and was killed after opening it.
838:
801:
784:
667:
1418:
Righteous Victims: A History of the Zionist-Arab Conflict, 1881ā1998
1387:
Righteous Victims: A History of the Zionist-Arab Conflict, 1881ā1998
1332:
Righteous Victims: A History of the Zionist-Arab Conflict, 1881ā1998
1252:
Righteous Victims: A History of the Zionist-Arab Conflict, 1881ā1998
383:
2,700ā5,000 civilians and soldiers killed by retribution operations
1082:
929:
789:
618:
stopped the reprisals against Jordan from September of that year.
16:
Military operations by Israel in response to Arab fedayeen attacks
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2091:
2046:
2021:
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Political Assassinations by Jews: A Rhetorical Device for Justice
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106:
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2076:
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239:
165:
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979:
901:
780:
579:
575:
250:
216:
196:
1579:
912:(××צע ××××××Ø) ā Carried out on 13 September 1956 in Jordan.
646:
lost eight soldiers, and the Egyptians 38 soldiers. Later
1526:. Chapter XI "A Survey of the Whole Conflict". pp. 90ā100
3289:
111:
Israeli raid on Qalqilya police station in October 1956
1302:
The 1956 War: Collusion and Rivalry in the Middle East
1179:
The 1956 War: Collusion and Rivalry in the Middle East
1773:
1088:
List of attacks against Israeli civilians before 1967
679:
Commander E H Hutchison USNR), lower both estimates.
1561:
Shield of David. The Story of Israel's Armed Forces.
1059:
1044:
Israeli commemoration of the retribution operations
1035:aircraft of the Royal Jordanian Air Force and four
421:
2800:
1421:. Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group. p. 287.
1390:. Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group. p. 281.
1335:. Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group. p. 281.
1255:. Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group. p. 271.
809:, this operation was the main motivation for the
800:(××צע ×ׄ ש×××Ø) ā Carried out in Egyptian-control
3417:
1357:
1355:
1134:The Routledge Atlas of the Arab-Israeli Conflict
1217:
957:
559:in the 1950s and 1960s in response to frequent
1689:. Oxford: Clarendon Press. pp. 215, 216.
1408:
1377:
1322:
1127:
3275:
2786:
2187:
1759:
1721:
1590:. Oxford: Clarendon Press. pp. 258ā259.
1352:
1242:
407:
734:
1572:Burns, Lieutenant-General E. L. M. (1962).
1211:
1171:
1169:
1167:
1165:
1163:
775:ā On 14 October 1953, a force commanded by
549:
3282:
3268:
3245:IsraeliāLebanese maritime border agreement
2793:
2779:
2194:
2180:
1766:
1752:
1728:
1714:
1516:
1472:
1470:
1468:
1466:
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928:and the murder of two farmers from Moshav
414:
400:
105:
50:. Please do not remove this message until
2955:UN Security Council (UNSC) Resolution 242
2929:UN General Assembly (UNGA) Resolution 194
1735:
1121:
588:attacks on Israeli civilians and soldiers
70:Learn how and when to remove this message
1529:
1292:
1273:
1160:
999:, in response to attacks on Israelis in
961:
621:From 1949 there were infiltrations from
597:
46:Relevant discussion may be found on the
2292:Palestinian insurgency in South Lebanon
1463:
1207:. Oxford: Clarendon Press. p. 179.
948:
3418:
3237:IsraelāMorocco normalization agreement
3227:BahraināIsrael normalization agreement
1684:
1647:"Mustafa Hafez (Biographical details)"
1585:
1444:
1414:
1383:
1328:
1248:
1202:
3263:
2774:
2201:
2175:
1747:
1709:
1279:
395:
3232:IsraelāSudan normalization agreement
2971:IsraelāSyria disengagement agreement
2648:Southern Israel cross-border attacks
2560:Palestinian rocket attacks on Israel
2491:Iraqi missile attacks against Israel
1490:
20:
3386:Israeli operation in the Gaza Strip
3291:Wars and conflicts involving Israel
1610:Morris. Page 393. Teveth. Page 244.
1298:
1175:
1099:
729:
544:
13:
3222:IsraelāUAE normalization agreement
3113:Beirut Summit and peace initiative
1966:Palestinian Popular Struggle Front
1039:aircraft of the Israeli Air Force.
14:
3462:
1504:from the original on 10 July 2006
1107:"Map of Fedayeen Raids 1951ā1956"
783:in the then Jordanian-controlled
505:Shafrir synagogue shooting attack
3151:Agreement on Movement and Access
1621:Diary of the Sinai Campaign 1956
1284:. wilsoncenter.org. p. 16.
1062:
995:forces at the Syrian village of
769:(××צע ש××©× ×), also known as the
555:) were raids carried out by the
249:
238:
224:
209:
195:
172:
158:
25:
3185:IsraeliāPalestinian peace talks
3179:IsraeliāPalestinian peace talks
3147:Israeli disengagement from Gaza
2352:Libyan Arab Airlines Flight 114
2233:Palestinian Fedayeen insurgency
1991:Syrian Social Nationalist Party
1678:
1665:
1639:
1626:
1613:
1604:
1576:. George G. Harrap. pp. 50, 38.
1566:
1550:
1403:Lebanese and Jordanian borders.
1305:. Psychology Press. p. 5.
1182:. Psychology Press. p. 4.
510:Death and eulogy of Roi Rotberg
94:Palestinian Fedayeen insurgency
2824:McMahonāHussein Correspondence
2640:Palestinian militancy campaign
1522:Commander E H Hutchison USNR.
1196:
1151:
606:during the entire period from
1:
3431:1950s in All-Palestine (Gaza)
2912:American trusteeship proposal
1981:Popular Resistance Committees
1093:
1078:List of wars involving Israel
3426:Reprisal operations (Israel)
1280:Laron, Guy (February 2007).
958:January 1960 ā November 1966
520:Ramat Rachel shooting attack
7:
2509:Palestinian suicide attacks
1449:. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
1055:
691:and Israeli chief of staff
550:
52:conditions to do so are met
10:
3467:
3350:Second invasion of Lebanon
3085:Sharm El Sheikh Memorandum
3073:BeilināAbu Mazen agreement
3067:IsraelāJordan peace treaty
2999:Palestinian autonomy talks
1636:, Frank Cass (2005) p. 152
1224:. Routledge. p. 120.
779:, attacked the village of
676:Mixed Armistice Commission
3352:/First Lebanon War (1982)
3344:First invasion of Lebanon
3297:
3199:
3042:
2995:EgyptāIsrael peace treaty
2920:
2852:FaisalāWeizmann agreement
2809:
2770:
2543:
2406:
2251:
2209:
2171:
2146:
2125:
2069:
1999:
1886:al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades
1868:
1861:
1791:
1743:
1137:. Routledge. p. 58.
735:April 1951 ā October 1956
682:
433:
371:
261:
151:
115:
104:
91:
86:
3034:IsraelāLebanon agreement
2846:Anglo-French Declaration
2842:Declaration to the Seven
2415:Misgav Am hostage crisis
1574:Between Arab and Israeli
1218:Michael B. Oren (2013).
1111:Jewish Agency for Israel
811:Egyptian-Czech arms deal
566:during which armed Arab
525:Negev desert road ambush
3398:IsraelāPalestine crisis
2726:IsraelāPalestine crisis
2577:Bringing Home the Goods
1916:Guardians of the Cedars
1027:, south of the city of
713:he wrote in his diary:
711:Ma'ale Akrabim massacre
687:Israeli prime minister
463:Ma'ale Akrabim massacre
310:Israeli Prime Ministers
3356:South Lebanon conflict
3143:Sharm El Sheikh Summit
3063:GazaāJericho Agreement
2945:Tripartite Declaration
2568:Ain es Saheb airstrike
2449:South Lebanon conflict
1685:Morris, Benny (1993).
1586:Morris, Benny (1993).
1445:Morris, Benny (1993).
1415:Morris, Benny (2011).
1384:Morris, Benny (2011).
1329:Morris, Benny (2011).
1249:Morris, Benny (2011).
1203:Morris, Benny (1993).
967:
871:Operation Olive Leaves
720:
703:
493:Operation Olive Leaves
318:(1948ā1954, 1955ā1963)
262:Commanders and leaders
3191:John Kerry Parameters
2864:Churchill White Paper
2830:SykesāPicot Agreement
2386:Coastal Road massacre
2007:Arab Higher Committee
1896:Arab Liberation Front
1839:Palestinian Authority
1737:ArabāIsraeli conflict
1671:Ben-Yehuda, Nachman:
1543:24 April 2009 at the
965:
797:Operation Black Arrow
715:
698:
608:1948 ArabāIsraeli War
598:Background: 1949ā1956
557:Israel Defense Forces
473:Operation Black Arrow
372:Casualties and losses
98:ArabāIsraeli conflict
3173:Annapolis Conference
3167:UNSC Resolution 1701
3157:UNSC Resolution 1850
3139:UNSC Resolution 1583
3133:UNSC Resolution 1566
3129:UNSC Resolution 1559
3079:Wye River Memorandum
2935:Armistice agreements
2692:Gaza border protests
2614:GazaāIsrael conflict
2326:Lod Airport massacre
2159:United Arab Republic
2102:United Arab Emirates
2012:Arab Liberation Army
1653:on 13 September 2012
1619:Dayan, Moshe (1965)
949:Casualties 1949ā1956
424:Palestinian Fedayeen
186:Palestinian fedayeen
3308:Reprisal operations
3016:UNSC Resolution 497
3010:UNSC Resolution 478
3004:UNSC Resolution 452
2991:UNSC Resolution 446
2981:UNSC Resolution 425
2975:UNSC Resolution 350
2965:UNSC Resolution 339
2961:UNSC Resolution 338
2951:Khartoum Resolution
2939:Lausanne Conference
2888:MorrisonāGrady Plan
2858:San Remo conference
2836:Balfour Declaration
2708:GazaāIsrael clashes
2700:GazaāIsrael clashes
2475:Mothers' Bus attack
2052:Revolutionary Cells
1299:Tal, David (2001).
1176:Tal, David (2001).
1157:Benvenisti, 412ā416
1037:Dassault Mirage III
537:Reprisal operations
515:Ein Ofarim killings
87:Reprisal operations
39:of this article is
3374:Second Lebanon War
3161:Quartet Principles
3095:Clinton Parameters
2985:Camp David Accords
2368:Savoy Hotel attack
2218:1948 Palestine war
2057:South Lebanon Army
1946:Muslim Brotherhood
1483:4 May 2009 at the
968:
909:Operation Gulliver
898:Yehoshafat Harkabi
830:Operation Jonathan
807:Gamal Abdel Nasser
766:Operation Shoshana
742:Attack on al-Hamma
353:President of Syria
342:President of Egypt
337:Gamal Abdel Nasser
269:Israeli Presidents
3413:
3412:
3257:
3256:
3253:
3252:
3123:Geneva Initiative
3091:Camp David Summit
3051:Madrid Conference
3028:Reagan peace plan
3001:
2906:UN Partition Plan
2900:London Conference
2882:London Conference
2818:Damascus Protocol
2766:
2765:
2667:Pillar of Defense
2318:Sabena Flight 571
2284:Battle of Karameh
2203:Armed engagements
2167:
2166:
2065:
2064:
2037:Japanese Red Army
1792:Primary countries
1696:978-0-19-827850-4
1597:978-0-19-827850-4
1456:978-0-19-827850-4
1428:978-0-307-78805-4
1397:978-0-307-78805-4
1342:978-0-307-78805-4
1312:978-0-7146-4840-8
1262:978-0-307-78805-4
1231:978-1-135-18942-6
1189:978-0-7146-4840-8
1144:978-0-415-35901-6
1008:Operation Swallow
988:Operation Cricket
941:Operation Samaria
894:Targeted killings
858:Operation Volcano
818:Operation Elkayam
533:
532:
488:Operation Volcano
478:Operation Elkayam
457:1954ā55 incidents
441:Al-Hamma Incident
436:Early engagements
390:
389:
386:
380:
359:Hussein bin Talal
147:
146:
80:
79:
72:
3458:
3404:IsraelāHamas war
3332:War of Attrition
3302:ArabāIsraeli War
3284:
3277:
3270:
3261:
3260:
3211:Trump peace plan
3203:
2997:
2795:
2788:
2781:
2772:
2771:
2757:
2754:IsraelāHamas war
2749:
2745:Shield and Arrow
2739:
2729:
2721:
2711:
2703:
2695:
2687:
2684:Wave of violence
2679:
2671:
2661:
2651:
2643:
2635:
2627:
2617:
2609:
2601:
2591:
2581:
2571:
2563:
2555:
2536:
2526:
2516:
2504:
2494:
2486:
2478:
2470:
2462:
2452:
2444:
2436:
2428:
2418:
2399:
2389:
2381:
2371:
2363:
2360:Ma'alot massacre
2355:
2347:
2337:
2329:
2321:
2313:
2305:
2295:
2287:
2279:
2276:War of Attrition
2271:
2263:
2244:
2236:
2228:
2225:ArabāIsraeli War
2220:
2196:
2189:
2182:
2173:
2172:
2070:Other countries
1866:
1865:
1806:Egyptian Kingdom
1768:
1761:
1754:
1745:
1744:
1730:
1723:
1716:
1707:
1706:
1701:
1700:
1682:
1676:
1669:
1663:
1662:
1660:
1658:
1649:. Archived from
1643:
1637:
1630:
1624:
1617:
1611:
1608:
1602:
1601:
1583:
1577:
1570:
1564:
1554:
1548:
1547:16 November 1953
1533:
1527:
1520:
1514:
1513:
1511:
1509:
1494:
1488:
1474:
1461:
1460:
1442:
1436:
1435:
1412:
1406:
1405:
1381:
1375:
1359:
1350:
1349:
1326:
1320:
1319:
1296:
1290:
1289:
1277:
1271:
1270:
1246:
1240:
1239:
1215:
1209:
1208:
1200:
1194:
1193:
1173:
1158:
1155:
1149:
1148:
1125:
1119:
1118:
1117:on 23 June 2009.
1113:. Archived from
1103:
1072:
1067:
1066:
1065:
730:Major operations
689:David Ben-Gurion
553:
551:Pe'ulot HaTagmul
546:
428:
416:
409:
402:
393:
392:
384:
378:
367:
356:
345:
333:
326:
319:
315:David Ben-Gurion
312:
306:
299:
292:
285:
278:
271:
254:
253:
243:
242:
235:
229:
228:
227:
221:
215:
213:
212:
206:
202:Kingdom of Egypt
200:
199:
178:
176:
175:
164:
162:
161:
117:
116:
109:
84:
83:
75:
68:
64:
61:
55:
29:
28:
21:
3466:
3465:
3461:
3460:
3459:
3457:
3456:
3455:
3446:1950s in Israel
3436:1950s in Jordan
3416:
3415:
3414:
3409:
3368:Second Intifada
3293:
3288:
3258:
3249:
3217:Abraham Accords
3201:
3195:
3038:
3020:1981ā1982
2916:
2870:Peel Commission
2805:
2803:peace proposals
2799:
2762:
2752:
2742:
2732:
2724:
2714:
2706:
2698:
2690:
2682:
2674:
2664:
2654:
2646:
2638:
2630:
2620:
2612:
2604:
2594:
2584:
2574:
2566:
2558:
2552:Second Intifada
2550:
2539:
2532:Grapes of Wrath
2529:
2519:
2507:
2497:
2489:
2481:
2473:
2465:
2455:
2447:
2439:
2431:
2421:
2413:
2402:
2392:
2384:
2374:
2366:
2358:
2350:
2340:
2334:Munich massacre
2332:
2324:
2316:
2308:
2298:
2290:
2282:
2274:
2266:
2258:
2247:
2239:
2231:
2223:
2216:
2205:
2200:
2163:
2142:
2121:
2061:
2017:Black September
1995:
1936:Lebanese Forces
1857:
1853:Ba'athist Syria
1849:Syrian Republic
1794:and authorities
1793:
1787:
1786:
1772:
1739:
1734:
1704:
1697:
1683:
1679:
1670:
1666:
1656:
1654:
1645:
1644:
1640:
1631:
1627:
1618:
1614:
1609:
1605:
1598:
1584:
1580:
1571:
1567:
1555:
1551:
1545:Wayback Machine
1534:
1530:
1521:
1517:
1507:
1505:
1496:
1495:
1491:
1487:9 November 1953
1485:Wayback Machine
1475:
1464:
1457:
1443:
1439:
1429:
1413:
1409:
1398:
1382:
1378:
1370:
1365:
1360:
1353:
1343:
1327:
1323:
1313:
1297:
1293:
1278:
1274:
1263:
1247:
1243:
1232:
1216:
1212:
1201:
1197:
1190:
1174:
1161:
1156:
1152:
1145:
1126:
1122:
1105:
1104:
1100:
1096:
1068:
1063:
1061:
1058:
1046:
960:
951:
917:Operation Lulav
883:Operation Sa'ir
850:Operation Egged
737:
732:
685:
600:
534:
529:
483:Operation Egged
429:
425:
422:
420:
362:
361:
357:
351:
350:
346:
340:
339:
331:
327:
324:
320:
317:
313:
308:
307:
304:
300:
297:
293:
290:
288:Yitzhak Ben-Zvi
286:
283:
279:
276:
272:
267:
248:
247:
237:
236:
233:
225:
223:
222:
219:
210:
208:
207:
204:
194:
193:
173:
171:
159:
157:
143:Israeli victory
135:
110:
76:
65:
59:
56:
45:
30:
26:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3464:
3454:
3453:
3448:
3443:
3441:1950s in Egypt
3438:
3433:
3428:
3411:
3410:
3408:
3407:
3406:(2023āpresent)
3401:
3395:
3389:
3383:
3377:
3371:
3365:
3362:First Intifada
3359:
3353:
3347:
3341:
3338:Yom Kippur War
3335:
3329:
3323:
3320:War over Water
3317:
3311:
3305:
3298:
3295:
3294:
3287:
3286:
3279:
3272:
3264:
3255:
3254:
3251:
3250:
3248:
3247:
3241:
3240:
3239:
3234:
3229:
3224:
3213:
3206:
3204:
3197:
3196:
3194:
3193:
3187:
3181:
3175:
3169:
3163:
3153:
3135:
3125:
3119:
3109:
3103:
3097:
3087:
3081:
3075:
3069:
3059:
3053:
3046:
3044:
3040:
3039:
3037:
3036:
3030:
3024:
3018:
3012:
3006:
2987:
2977:
2967:
2957:
2947:
2941:
2931:
2924:
2922:
2918:
2917:
2915:
2914:
2908:
2902:
2896:
2890:
2884:
2878:
2872:
2866:
2860:
2854:
2848:
2838:
2832:
2826:
2820:
2813:
2811:
2807:
2806:
2801:Diplomacy and
2798:
2797:
2790:
2783:
2775:
2768:
2767:
2764:
2763:
2761:
2760:
2759:
2758:
2750:
2740:
2730:
2722:
2712:
2704:
2696:
2688:
2680:
2672:
2662:
2657:Returning Echo
2652:
2644:
2636:
2628:
2610:
2602:
2592:
2582:
2572:
2564:
2556:
2547:
2545:
2541:
2540:
2538:
2537:
2527:
2522:Accountability
2517:
2505:
2495:
2487:
2479:
2471:
2467:First Intifada
2463:
2453:
2445:
2441:Bus 300 affair
2437:
2429:
2419:
2410:
2408:
2404:
2403:
2401:
2400:
2390:
2382:
2372:
2364:
2356:
2348:
2338:
2330:
2322:
2314:
2310:Yom Kippur War
2306:
2296:
2288:
2280:
2272:
2264:
2255:
2253:
2249:
2248:
2246:
2245:
2237:
2229:
2221:
2213:
2211:
2207:
2206:
2199:
2198:
2191:
2184:
2176:
2169:
2168:
2165:
2164:
2162:
2161:
2156:
2150:
2148:
2144:
2143:
2141:
2140:
2138:United Nations
2135:
2133:European Union
2129:
2127:
2123:
2122:
2120:
2119:
2114:
2109:
2107:United Kingdom
2104:
2099:
2094:
2089:
2084:
2079:
2073:
2071:
2067:
2066:
2063:
2062:
2060:
2059:
2054:
2049:
2044:
2039:
2034:
2029:
2024:
2019:
2014:
2009:
2003:
2001:
1997:
1996:
1994:
1993:
1988:
1983:
1978:
1973:
1968:
1963:
1958:
1953:
1948:
1943:
1941:al-Mourabitoun
1938:
1933:
1928:
1923:
1918:
1913:
1908:
1903:
1898:
1893:
1888:
1883:
1878:
1872:
1870:
1863:
1859:
1858:
1856:
1855:
1846:
1841:
1836:
1831:
1826:
1824:Ba'athist Iraq
1817:
1812:
1803:
1797:
1795:
1789:
1788:
1785:
1784:
1781:
1778:
1774:
1771:
1770:
1763:
1756:
1748:
1741:
1740:
1733:
1732:
1725:
1718:
1710:
1703:
1702:
1695:
1677:
1664:
1638:
1632:Ze'ev Derori,
1625:
1612:
1603:
1596:
1578:
1565:
1549:
1528:
1515:
1489:
1462:
1455:
1437:
1427:
1407:
1396:
1376:
1351:
1341:
1321:
1311:
1291:
1272:
1261:
1241:
1230:
1210:
1195:
1188:
1159:
1150:
1143:
1129:Martin Gilbert
1120:
1097:
1095:
1092:
1091:
1090:
1085:
1080:
1074:
1073:
1057:
1054:
1045:
1042:
1041:
1040:
1016:
1004:
959:
956:
950:
947:
946:
945:
937:
913:
905:
891:
879:
876:Sea of Galilee
867:
854:
846:
826:
814:
813:later in 1955.
793:
772:Qibya massacre
762:
754:Beit Jala raid
750:
736:
733:
731:
728:
724:E. L. M. Burns
684:
681:
672:Qibya massacre
657:preemptive war
599:
596:
592:Qibya massacre
531:
530:
528:
527:
522:
517:
512:
507:
499:1956 incidents
496:
495:
490:
485:
480:
475:
470:
468:Qibya massacre
465:
454:
453:
448:
446:Beit Jala raid
443:
434:
431:
430:
419:
418:
411:
404:
396:
388:
387:
381:
374:
373:
369:
368:
364:King of Jordan
348:Hafez al-Assad
334:
281:Yosef Sprinzak
274:Chaim Weizmann
264:
263:
259:
258:
189:
188:
168:
154:
153:
149:
148:
145:
144:
141:
137:
136:
131:
129:
125:
124:
121:
113:
112:
102:
101:
89:
88:
78:
77:
33:
31:
24:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3463:
3452:
3449:
3447:
3444:
3442:
3439:
3437:
3434:
3432:
3429:
3427:
3424:
3423:
3421:
3405:
3402:
3399:
3396:
3393:
3390:
3387:
3384:
3381:
3378:
3375:
3372:
3369:
3366:
3363:
3360:
3357:
3354:
3351:
3348:
3345:
3342:
3339:
3336:
3333:
3330:
3327:
3324:
3321:
3318:
3315:
3312:
3309:
3306:
3303:
3300:
3299:
3296:
3292:
3285:
3280:
3278:
3273:
3271:
3266:
3265:
3262:
3246:
3242:
3238:
3235:
3233:
3230:
3228:
3225:
3223:
3220:
3219:
3218:
3214:
3212:
3208:
3207:
3205:
3198:
3192:
3188:
3186:
3182:
3180:
3176:
3174:
3170:
3168:
3164:
3162:
3158:
3154:
3152:
3148:
3144:
3140:
3136:
3134:
3130:
3126:
3124:
3120:
3118:
3114:
3110:
3108:
3104:
3102:
3098:
3096:
3092:
3088:
3086:
3082:
3080:
3076:
3074:
3070:
3068:
3064:
3060:
3058:
3054:
3052:
3048:
3047:
3045:
3041:
3035:
3031:
3029:
3025:
3023:
3019:
3017:
3013:
3011:
3007:
3005:
3000:
2996:
2992:
2988:
2986:
2982:
2978:
2976:
2972:
2968:
2966:
2962:
2958:
2956:
2952:
2948:
2946:
2942:
2940:
2936:
2932:
2930:
2926:
2925:
2923:
2919:
2913:
2909:
2907:
2903:
2901:
2898:1946ā47
2897:
2895:
2891:
2889:
2885:
2883:
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1801:All-Palestine
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1070:Israel portal
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1038:
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1033:Hawker Hunter
1030:
1026:
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1020:Samu Incident
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636:
631:
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586:to carry out
585:
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545:פע××××Ŗ ××Ŗ××××
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322:Moshe Sharett
316:
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302:Zalman Shazar
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191:Supported by:
187:
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183:
182:
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180:All-Palestine
169:
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156:
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38:
32:
23:
22:
19:
3307:
3159: /
3149: /
3145: /
3141: /
3131: /
3115: /
3093: /
3065: /
3057:Oslo Accords
3002: /
2993: /
2983: /
2973: /
2963: /
2953: /
2937: /
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2744:
2734:
2716:
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2587:Summer Rains
2586:
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2531:
2521:
2511:(1993ā2008;
2500:Bramble Bush
2499:
2457:
2423:
2394:
2376:
2342:
2300:
2154:Soviet Union
1844:Saudi Arabia
1686:
1680:
1672:
1667:
1655:. Retrieved
1651:the original
1641:
1633:
1628:
1620:
1615:
1606:
1587:
1581:
1573:
1568:
1560:
1557:Allon, Yigal
1552:
1531:
1523:
1518:
1506:. Retrieved
1492:
1478:S/635/Rev.1
1446:
1440:
1432:
1417:
1410:
1401:
1386:
1379:
1371:
1366:
1361:
1346:
1331:
1324:
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1251:
1244:
1235:
1220:
1213:
1204:
1198:
1178:
1153:
1133:
1123:
1115:the original
1101:
1047:
1018:
1006:
986:
969:
952:
939:
932:and Kibbutz
926:Ramat Rachel
915:
907:
893:
881:
869:
856:
848:
828:
816:
795:
777:Ariel Sharon
770:
764:
752:
740:
721:
716:
704:
699:
686:
664:
661:
659:with Egypt.
653:
632:
628:Moshe Sharet
620:
601:
570:infiltrated
548:
536:
535:
498:
497:
456:
455:
451:Yehud attack
435:
190:
170:
152:Belligerents
96:(during the
92:Part of the
81:
66:
57:
35:
18:
3382:(2008ā2009)
3370:(2000ā2005)
3364:(1987ā1993)
3358:(1982ā2000)
3334:(1967ā1970)
3326:Six-Day War
3322:(1964ā1967)
3314:Suez Crisis
3310:(1951ā1956)
3304:(1948ā1949)
3107:Taba Summit
2876:White Paper
2756:(2023ā2024)
2686:(2015ā2016)
2634:(2008ā2009)
2626:(2007ā2008)
2606:Lebanon War
2554:(2000ā2005)
2469:(1987ā1993)
2433:Lebanon War
2346:(1972ā1979)
2294:(1968ā1982)
2278:(1967ā1970)
2268:Six-Day War
2241:Suez Crisis
2235:(1949ā1956)
2227:(1948ā1949)
2097:North Korea
1891:Arab League
1780:Authorities
1538:S/636/Rev.1
1052:near Gaza.
747:Hamat Gader
693:Moshe Dayan
366:(1952ā1999)
355:(1971-2000)
344:(1956ā1970)
332:(1963ā1969)
329:Levi Eshkol
325:(1954ā1955)
305:(1963ā1970)
291:(1952ā1963)
277:(1948ā1952)
234:(1958ā1970)
231:Egypt (UAR)
220:(1953ā1958)
205:(1950ā1953)
133:Middle East
123:1950sā1960s
3420:Categories
3243:2022
3215:2020
3209:2019
3189:2016
3183:2013
3177:2010
3171:2007
3165:2006
3155:2006
3137:2005
3127:2004
3121:2003
3111:2002
3105:2001
3099:2000
3089:2000
3083:1999
3077:1998
3071:1995
3061:1994
3055:1993
3049:1991
3032:1983
3026:1982
3014:1981
3008:1980
2989:1979
2979:1978
2969:1974
2959:1973
2949:1967
2943:1950
2933:1949
2927:1948
2910:1948
2904:1947
2894:Bevin Plan
2892:1947
2886:1946
2880:1939
2874:1939
2868:1937
2862:1922
2856:1920
2850:1919
2840:1918
2834:1917
2828:1916
2822:1915
2816:1914
2810:Background
2717:Black Belt
2623:Hot Winter
2483:Tunis raid
2458:Wooden Leg
1815:Hamas Gaza
1657:8 November
1508:6 February
1237:intention.
1094:References
1001:Tel Katzir
866:operation.
823:Khan Yunis
759:Beit Jalla
635:Ben Gurion
623:Gaza Strip
426:insurgency
295:Kadish Luz
37:neutrality
3043:1991ā2016
3022:Fahd Plan
2921:1948ā1983
2544:2000ā2021
2407:1980ā1999
2252:1960ā1979
2210:1947ā1959
1986:as-Sa'iqa
1926:Hezbollah
1876:Abu Nidal
1777:Countries
1559:, (1970)
972:Sinai War
934:Maoz Haim
922:Bethlehem
839:Beersheba
785:West Bank
668:West Bank
640:operation
568:militants
385:(1951ā55)
379:(1951ā55)
48:talk page
3392:Gaza War
3380:Gaza War
3117:Road map
2676:Gaza War
2632:Gaza War
1810:Republic
1675:, p. 304
1541:Archived
1502:Archived
1481:Archived
1131:(2005).
1083:Unit 101
1056:See also
930:Aminadav
790:Unit 101
633:In 1955
561:fedayeen
128:Location
60:May 2023
41:disputed
3451:Revenge
3202:present
3101:Isratin
2616:(2006ā)
2562:(2001ā)
2377:Entebbe
2343:Bayonet
2092:Morocco
2047:Palmach
2022:Haganah
1976:PFLP-GC
1025:as-Samu
863:Nitzana
718:Jordan.
564:attacks
3400:(2021)
3394:(2014)
3388:(2012)
3376:(2006)
3346:(1978)
3340:(1973)
3328:(1967)
3316:(1956)
2748:(2023)
2738:(2022)
2728:(2021)
2720:(2019)
2710:(2019)
2702:(2018)
2694:(2018)
2678:(2014)
2670:(2012)
2660:(2012)
2650:(2011)
2642:(2010)
2608:(2006)
2600:(2006)
2590:(2006)
2580:(2006)
2570:(2003)
2535:(1996)
2525:(1993)
2503:(1992)
2493:(1991)
2485:(1988)
2477:(1988)
2461:(1985)
2451:(1985)
2443:(1984)
2435:(1982)
2427:(1981)
2417:(1980)
2398:(1978)
2395:Litani
2388:(1978)
2380:(1976)
2370:(1975)
2362:(1974)
2354:(1973)
2336:(1972)
2328:(1972)
2320:(1972)
2312:(1973)
2304:(1968)
2286:(1968)
2270:(1967)
2262:(1966)
2243:(1956)
2082:Kuwait
2077:France
2000:Former
1931:Kataeb
1869:Active
1834:Jordan
1829:Israel
1693:
1594:
1453:
1425:
1394:
1362:Morris
1339:
1309:
1268:line.'
1259:
1228:
1186:
1141:
1029:Hebron
1013:Nuqayb
997:Tawfiq
993:Golani
976:Jordan
835:Hebron
683:Policy
648:Nasser
612:Jordan
604:Israel
584:Jordan
582:, and
572:Israel
541:Hebrew
298:(1963)
284:(1952)
245:Jordan
214:
177:
166:Israel
163:
140:Result
3200:2019ā
2424:Opera
2117:Yemen
2087:Libya
2032:Irgun
1921:Hamas
1911:Fatah
1050:Negev
980:Syria
902:Amman
781:Qibya
580:Egypt
576:Syria
574:from
256:Syria
217:Egypt
2513:list
2301:Gift
2042:Lehi
1971:PFLP
1906:DFLP
1881:Amal
1851:and
1822:and
1808:and
1691:ISBN
1659:2010
1592:ISBN
1510:2012
1451:ISBN
1423:ISBN
1392:ISBN
1367:Oren
1337:ISBN
1307:ISBN
1257:ISBN
1226:ISBN
1184:ISBN
1139:ISBN
978:and
970:The
802:Gaza
642:the
120:Date
34:The
1961:PLO
1956:PLF
1951:PIJ
1372:Tal
644:IDF
616:IDF
3422::
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1465:^
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44:.
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