Latvia - Knowledge

4006: 3562: 2157: 3927: 2364:—and some food and oil processing plants. Latvia manufactured trains, ships, minibuses, mopeds, telephones, radios and hi-fi systems, electrical and diesel engines, textiles, furniture, clothing, bags and luggage, shoes, musical instruments, home appliances, watches, tools and equipment, aviation and agricultural equipment and long list of other goods. Latvia had its own film industry and musical records factory (LPs). However, there were not enough people to operate the newly built factories. To maintain and expand industrial production, skilled workers were migrating from all over the Soviet Union, decreasing the proportion of ethnic Latvians in the republic. The population of Latvia reached its peak in 1990 at just under 2.7 million people. 15156: 4107: 2312: 5080:, which was widely spoken during the Soviet period, is still the most widely used minority language by far (in 2023, 37.7% spoke it as their mother tongue and 34.6% spoke it at home, including people who were not ethnically Russian). While it is now required that all school students learn Latvian, schools also include English, German, French and Russian in their curricula. English is also widely accepted in Latvia in business and tourism. As of 2014 there were 109 schools for minorities that use Russian as the language of instruction (27% of all students) for 40% of subjects (the remaining 60% of subjects are taught in Latvian). 5341: 4967:(TFR) in 2018 was estimated to be 1.61 children born/woman, which is lower than the replacement rate of 2.1. In 2012, 45.0% of births were to unmarried women. The life expectancy in 2013 was estimated at 73.2 years (68.1 years male, 78.5 years female). As of 2015, Latvia is estimated to have the lowest male-to-female ratio in the world, at 0.85 males per female. In 2017, there were 1,054,433 females and 895,683 males living in Latvian territory. Every year, more boys are born than girls. Up to the age of 39, there are more males than females. Above the age of 70, there are 2.3 times as many females as males. 3639: 4826: 1812: 16335: 2648: 2258: 2778: 2490: 180: 1588: 984: 14437: 3569: 4554: 5459: 5416: 3151: 3660: 2759: 5586: 4118: 126: 16220: 15835: 4462: 4956: 766: 2089: 17570: 16009: 15461: 14253: 3703: 3242:

nature reserves, four strict nature reserves, 355 nature monuments, seven protected marine areas and 24 microreserves. Nationally protected areas account for 12,790 km (4,940 sq mi) or around 20% of Latvia's total land area. Latvia's Red Book (Endangered Species List of Latvia), which was established in 1977, contains 112 plant species and 119 animal species. Latvia has ratified the international Washington, Bern, and Ramsare conventions.

15707: 112: 2391: 15473: 5636: 15681: 15694: 3810:, a part of Zemgale, is sometimes considered culturally distinct region, but it is not part of any formal division. The borders of historical and cultural regions usually are not explicitly defined and in several sources may vary. In formal divisions, Riga region, which includes the capital and parts of other regions that have a strong relationship with the capital, is also often included in regional divisions; e.g., there are five 1614: 5026:

this time, the Russian authorities encouraged the settlement of Russian colonists in Latvia. After the collapse of the Russian Empire in 1918, Latvia became an independent country. However, the country was occupied by the Soviet Union in 1940 and remained under Soviet rule until 1991. The Soviets expelled some groups and resettled others in Latvia, especially Russians. After 1991 many of the expellees returned to Latvia.

4442: 4341: 1483: 4635: 14243: 3270: 791: 743: 724: 691: 672: 16019: 2825:, possess a more maritime climate with cooler summers and milder winters, while eastern parts exhibit a more continental climate with warmer summers and harsher winters. Nevertheless, the temperature variations are little as the territory of Latvia is relatively small. Moreover, Latvia's terrain is particularly flat (no more than 350 meters high), thus the Latvian climate is not differentiated by altitude. 1889: 5254: 2829:

extreme temperatures of around −30 °C (−22 °F) and heavy snowfalls are common. Summer starts in June and lasts until August. Summers are usually warm and sunny, with cool evenings and nights. Summers have average temperatures of around 19 °C (66 °F), with extremes of 35 °C (95 °F). Spring and autumn bring fairly mild weather.

4045:(NB-8) is the joint co-operation of the governments of Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Iceland, Latvia, Lithuania, Norway, and Sweden. Nordic-Baltic Six (NB-6), comprising Nordic-Baltic countries that are European Union member states, is a framework for meetings on EU-related issues. Interparliamentary co-operation between the Baltic Assembly and 5379:

base the development of its scientific potential on existing scientific traditions, particularly in organic chemistry, medical chemistry, genetic engineering, physics, materials science and information technologies. The greatest number of patents, both nationwide and abroad, are in medical chemistry. Latvia was ranked 37th in the

2683:(a small area is west of 21°). Latvia has a total area of 64,559 km (24,926 sq mi) of which 62,157 km (23,999 sq mi) land, 18,159 km (7,011 sq mi) agricultural land, 34,964 km (13,500 sq mi) forest land and 2,402 km (927 sq mi) inland water. 4164:, Training and Doctrine Command, and Logistics Command. Latvia's defence concept is based upon the Swedish-Finnish model of a rapid response force composed of a mobilisation base and a small group of career professionals. From 1 January 2007, Latvia switched to a professional fully contract-based army. 5555:

Latvian cuisine typically consists of agricultural products, with meat featuring in most main meal dishes. Fish is commonly consumed due to Latvia's location on the Baltic Sea. Latvian cuisine has been influenced by neighbouring countries. Common ingredients in Latvian recipes are found locally, such

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The Latvian economy entered a phase of fiscal contraction during the second half of 2008 after an extended period of credit-based speculation and unrealistic appreciation in real estate values. The national account deficit for 2007, for example, represented more than 22% of the GDP for the year while

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Foreign investment in Latvia is still modest compared with the levels in north-central Europe. A law expanding the scope for selling land, including to foreigners, was passed in 1997. Representing 10.2% of Latvia's total foreign direct investment, American companies invested $ 127 million in 1999. In

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was initiated in Latvia, limiting the use of Latvian language in official uses in favor of using Russian as the main language. All of the minority schools (Jewish, Polish, Belarusian, Estonian, Lithuanian) were closed down leaving only two media of instructions in the schools: Latvian and Russian. An

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The emancipation of the serfs took place in Courland in 1817 and in Vidzeme in 1819. In practice, however, the emancipation was actually advantageous to the landowners and nobility, as it dispossessed peasants of their land without compensation, forcing them to return to work at the estates "of their

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In the 19th century, Latvian nationalist movements emerged. They promoted Latvian culture and encouraged Latvians to take part in cultural activities. The 19th century and beginning of the 20th century is often regarded by Latvians as a classical era of Latvian culture. Posters show the influence of

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Latvian policy in science and technology has set out the long-term goal of transitioning from labor-consuming economy to knowledge-based economy. By 2020 the government aims to spend 1.5% of GDP on research and development, with half of the investments coming from the private sector. Latvia plans to

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As a result of deteriorating relations with Russia, Latvia has decided it does not want Russian citizens in Latvia who will not integrate. In late 2023 it is expected that around 5-6,000 Russians will be returned to Russia as they have made little effort to learn the Latvian language, integrate with

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The majority of Latvia's population are Latvians, who are an ethnic Baltic people. The country also has a significant Russian minority, as well as smaller populations of Ukrainians, Belarusians, and other Slavic peoples. These ethnic groups are all descended from peoples who settled in Latvia during

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concluded the First Post-Program Monitoring Discussions with the Republic of Latvia in July 2012 announcing that Latvia's economy has been recovering strongly since 2010, following the deep downturn in 2008–09. Real GDP growth of 5.5 percent in 2011 was underpinned by export growth and a recovery in

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Latvia has four pronounced seasons of near-equal length. Winter starts in mid-December and lasts until mid-March. Winters have average temperatures of −6 °C (21 °F) and are characterized by stable snow cover, bright sunshine, and short days. Severe spells of winter weather with cold winds,

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advocated that all permanent residents be eligible for Latvian citizenship, however, universal citizenship for all permanent residents was not adopted. Instead, citizenship was granted to persons who had been citizens of Latvia on the day of loss of independence in 1940 as well as their descendants.

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During these two centuries Latvia experienced economic and construction boom – ports were expanded (Riga became the largest port in the Russian Empire), railways built; new factories, banks, and a university were established; many residential, public (theatres and museums), and school buildings were

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style of art. During the Soviet era, music became increasingly popular, with the most popular being songs from the 1980s. At this time, songs often made fun of the characteristics of Soviet life and were concerned about preserving Latvian identity. This aroused popular protests against the USSR and

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and other atrocities. 30,000 Jews were shot in Latvia in the autumn of 1941. Another 30,000 Jews from the Riga ghetto were killed in the Rumbula Forest in November and December 1941, to reduce overpopulation in the ghetto and make room for more Jews being brought in from Germany and the West. There

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formally handed over political power to the Latvian Provisional Government on 26 November. On 18 November, the Latvian People's Council entrusted him to set up the government. He took the office of Minister of Agriculture from 18 November to 19 December. He took a position of prime minister from 19

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In late 2018 the National Archives of Latvia released a full alphabetical index of some 10,000 people recruited as agents or informants by the Soviet KGB. 'The publication, which followed two decades of public debate and the passage of a special law, revealed the names, code names, birthplaces and

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Anywhere from 120,000 to as many as 300,000 Latvians took refuge from the Soviet army by fleeing to Germany and Sweden. Most sources count 200,000 to 250,000 refugees leaving Latvia, with perhaps as many as 80,000 to 100,000 of them recaptured by the Soviets or, during few months immediately after

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In 1944, when Soviet military advances reached Latvia, heavy fighting took place in Latvia between German and Soviet troops, which ended in another German defeat. In the course of the war, both occupying forces conscripted Latvians into their armies, in this way increasing the loss of the nation's

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Latvia has been seeking for a number of years to separate the Latvian Orthodox Church from Moscow, stating that longstanding ties to Russia pose “national security concerns”. This was achieved in September 2022 with a law removing all influence or power over the Orthodox Church from non Latvians,

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Latvia's ethnic diversity is a result of a number of factors, including a long history of foreign rule, its location on the Baltic Sea trade route, and its proximity to other Slavic countries. The Russian Empire conquered Latvia in the 18th century and ruled the country for over 200 years. During

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Since the year 2000, Latvia has had one of the highest (GDP) growth rates in Europe. However, the chiefly consumption-driven growth in Latvia resulted in the collapse of Latvian GDP in late 2008 and early 2009, exacerbated by the global economic crisis, shortage of credit and huge money resources

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programme. In total 50,000 Baltic Germans left by the deadline of December 1939, with 1,600 remaining to conclude business and 13,000 choosing to remain in Latvia. Most of those who remained left for Germany in summer 1940, when a second resettlement scheme was agreed. The racially approved being

5401:, largely funded through government taxation. It is among the lowest-ranked healthcare systems in Europe, due to excessive waiting times for treatment, insufficient access to the latest medicines, and other factors. There were 59 hospitals in Latvia in 2009, down from 94 in 2007 and 121 in 2006. 5283:. The Evangelical Lutheran Church, with an estimated 600,000 members in 1956, was affected most adversely. An internal document of 18 March 1987, near the end of communist rule, spoke of an active membership that had shrunk to only 25,000 in Latvia, but the faith has since experienced a revival. 3997:

Latvia's foreign policy priorities include co-operation in the Baltic Sea region, European integration, active involvement in international organisations, contribution to European and transatlantic security and defence structures, participation in international civilian and military peacekeeping

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Latvia has a long tradition of conservation. The first laws and regulations were promulgated in the 16th and 17th centuries. There are 706 specially state-level protected natural areas in Latvia: four national parks, one biosphere reserve, 42 nature parks, nine areas of protected landscapes, 260

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On 21 April 2022, Latvian Saeima passed amendments developed by the Ministry of Defence for the legislative draft Amendments to the Law on Financing of National Defence, which provide for gradual increase in the defence budget to 2.5% of the country's GDP over the course of the next three year.

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Agricultural areas account for 1,815,900 ha (4,487,000 acres) or 29% of the total land area. With the dismantling of collective farms, the area devoted to farming decreased dramatically – now farms are predominantly small. Approximately 200 farms, occupying 2,750 ha (6,800 acres), are

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In 2010, Latvia launched a Residence by Investment program (Golden Visa) in order to attract foreign investors and make local economy benefit from it. This program allows investors to get a Latvian residence permit by investing at least €250,000 in property or in an enterprise with at least 50

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However, the central power in Moscow continued to regard Latvia as a Soviet republic in 1990 and 1991. In January 1991, Soviet political and military forces unsuccessfully tried to overthrow the Republic of Latvia authorities by occupying the central publishing house in Riga and establishing a

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Most of the country is composed of fertile lowland plains and moderate hills. In a typical Latvian landscape, a mosaic of vast forests alternates with fields, farmsteads, and pastures. Arable land is spotted with birch groves and wooded clusters, which afford a habitat for numerous plants and

2304:, which was carefully planned and approved in Moscow already on 29 January 1949. This operation had the desired effect of reducing the anti-Soviet partisan activity. Between 136,000 and 190,000 Latvians, depending on the sources, were imprisoned or deported to Soviet concentration camps (the 4200:

cargo by air and rail to Afghanistan. It is part of the Nordic Transition Support Unit (NTSU), which renders joint force contributions in support of Afghan security structures ahead of the withdrawal of Nordic and Baltic ISAF forces in 2014. Since 1996 more than 3600 military personnel have

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On 5 October 1939, Latvia was forced to accept a "mutual assistance" pact with the Soviet Union, granting the Soviets the right to station between 25,000 and 30,000 troops on Latvian territory. State administrators were murdered and replaced by Soviet cadres. Elections were held with single

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Latvian civilian experts have contributed to EU civilian missions: border assistance mission to Moldova and Ukraine (2005–2009), rule of law missions in Iraq (2006 and 2007) and Kosovo (since 2008), police mission in Afghanistan (since 2007) and monitoring mission in Georgia (since 2008).

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Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1994. Latvia has artistically-diverse curricula and, thus, more-diverse public arts compared to the other Baltic countries; Latvia and the UK are among the European countries where there are requirements for a musically diverse curriculum. Richard Letts et al.,

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domestic demand. The growth momentum has continued into 2012 and 2013 despite deteriorating external conditions, and the economy is expected to expand by 4.1 percent in 2014. The unemployment rate has receded from its peak of more than 20 percent in 2010 to around 9.3 percent in 2014.

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The share of ethnic Latvians declined from 77% (1,467,035) in 1935 to 52% (1,387,757) in 1989. In the context of a decreasing overall population, there were fewer Latvians in 2011 than in 1989, but their share of the population was larger – 1,285,136 (62.1% of the population).

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was signed in 1992 and since 2006 annual meetings are held as well as regular meetings on other levels. Joint Nordic-Baltic co-operation initiatives include the education programme NordPlus and mobility programmes for public administration, business and industry and culture. The

4485:. According to statistics in late 2013, 45% of the population supported the introduction of the euro, while 52% opposed it. Following the introduction of the Euro, Eurobarometer surveys in January 2014 showed support for the euro to be around 53%, close to the European average. 168: 11303: 3256:

in Latvia is much higher than world average. In 2016, Latvia had 8.5 global hectares of biocapacity per person within its territory, much more than the world average of 1.6 global hectares per person. In 2016 Latvia used 6.4 global hectares of biocapacity per person - their

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in Latvia is almost complete. Virtually all of the previously state-owned small and medium companies have been privatised, leaving only a small number of politically sensitive large state companies. The private sector accounted for 70% of the country's GDP in 2006.

1717:. Throughout all the centuries, however, an actual Latvian state had not been established, so the borders and definitions of who exactly fell within that group are largely subjective. Meanwhile, largely isolated from the rest of Latvia, southern Latgallians adopted 166: 5010:, ethnic Latvians constitute a minority of the total population. Despite a steadily increasing proportion of ethnic Latvians for more than a decade, ethnic Latvians also still make up slightly less than a half of the population of the capital city of Latvia – 3985:

Latvia has established diplomatic relations with 158 countries. It has 44 diplomatic and consular missions and maintains 34 embassies and 9 permanent representations abroad. There are 37 foreign embassies and 11 international organisations in Latvia's capital

169: 4408: – have limited access to some political rights – only citizens are allowed to participate in parliamentary or municipal elections, although there are no limitations in regards to joining political parties or other political organizations. In 2011, the 167: 165: 164: 5267:

Poll 2010, 38% of Latvian citizens responded that "they believe there is a God", while 48% answered that "they believe there is some sort of spirit or life force" and 11% stated that "they do not believe there is any sort of spirit, God, or life force".

4793:(248 MW). In recent years a couple of dozen of wind farms as well as biogas or biomass power stations of different scale have been built in Latvia. In 2022, the Latvian Prime Minister announced about the planned investments of 1 billion euros in the new 3509:, fossilized tree resin, is one of Latvia's most important cultural symbols. In ancient times, amber found along the Baltic Sea coast was sought by Vikings as well as traders from Egypt, Greece and the Roman Empire. This led to the development of the 11802: 2336:

influx of new colonists, including laborers, administrators, military personnel and their dependents from Russia and other Soviet republics started. By 1959 about 400,000 Russian settlers arrived and the ethnic Latvian population had fallen to 62%.

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National road network in Latvia totals 1675 km of main roads, 5473 km of regional roads and 13 064 km of local roads. Municipal roads in Latvia totals 30 439 km of roads and 8039 km of streets. The best known roads are

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and EU military operations in Bosnia and Herzegovina (1996–2009), Albania (1999), Kosovo (2000–2009), Macedonia (2003), Iraq (2005–2006), Afghanistan (since 2003), Somalia (since 2011) and Mali (since 2013). Latvia also took part in the US-led

2273:"live resources". In 1944, part of the Latvian territory once more came under Soviet control. The Soviets immediately began to reinstate the Soviet system. After the German surrender, it became clear that Soviet forces were there to stay, and 5906: 10677: 4065:, European Union initiatives to foster cross-border co-operation in the Baltic Sea region and Northern Europe. The secretariat of the Northern Dimension Partnership on Culture (NDPC) will be located in Riga. In 2013 Riga hosted the annual 10102: 1526:

At the beginning of the 13th century, Germans ruled large parts of what is currently Latvia. The influx of German crusaders in the present-day Latvian territory especially increased in the second half of the 13th century following the

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occupy 9.9% of Latvia's territory. Of these, 42% are raised bogs; 49% are fens; and 9% are transitional mires. 70% percent of the mires are untouched by civilization, and they are a refuge for many rare species of plants and animals.

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Since February 2022 Latvia's relations with Russia have deteriorated to the extent that Latvia withdrew its ambassador from Russia and expelled Russia's ambassador to Latvia in January 2023 and banned Russians from entering Latvia.

4535:, Latvia signed a Europe Agreement with the EU in 1995—with a 4-year transition period. Latvia and the United States have signed treaties on investment, trade, and intellectual property protection and avoidance of double taxation. 7779: 2339:

Since Latvia had maintained a well-developed infrastructure and educated specialists, Moscow decided to base some of the Soviet Union's most advanced manufacturing in Latvia. New industry was created in Latvia, including a major

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During the 19th century, the social structure changed dramatically. A class of independent farmers established itself after reforms allowed the peasants to repurchase their land, but many landless peasants remained, quite a lot

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Although the local people had contact with the outside world for centuries, they became more fully integrated into the European socio-political system in the 12th century. The first missionaries, sent by the Pope, sailed up the

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is the first and only Latvian to date, to win a boxing world title, having held the WBC cruiserweight title from 2017 to 2018, the WBO cruiserweight title in 2019, and the IBF / The Ring magazine cruiserweight titles in 2020.

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Latvia has the fifth highest proportion of land covered by forests in the European Union, after Sweden, Finland, Estonia and Slovenia. Forests account for 3,497,000 ha (8,640,000 acres) or 56% of the total land area.

179: 11777: 1663:. Though the duchy was a vassal state to the Lithuanian Grand Duchy and later of the Polish and Lithuanian commonwealth, it retained a considerable degree of autonomy and experienced a golden age in the 16th century. 162: 5474:

culture and social life. It has been held since 1873, normally every five years. Approximately 30,000 performers altogether participate in the event. Folk songs and classical choir songs are sung, with emphasis on

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Latvia's unemployment rate rose sharply in this period from a low of 5.4% in November 2007 to over 22%. In April 2010 Latvia had the highest unemployment rate in the EU, at 22.5%, ahead of Spain, which had 19.7%.

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More than 56% of leading positions are held by women in Latvia, which ranks first in Europe; Latvia ranks first in the world in women's rights sharing the position with five other European countries according to

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pro-Soviet candidates listed for many positions. The resulting people's assembly immediately requested admission into the USSR, which the Soviet Union granted. Latvia, then a puppet government, was headed by

526: 17524: 12584: 12380: 2556:. Albeit having experienced a difficult transition to a liberal economy and its re-orientation toward Western Europe, Latvia is one of the fastest growing economies in the European Union. In November 2013, 5510:

as it played host to over 27,000 choristers representing over 450 choirs and over 70 countries. The festival is the biggest of its kind in the world and is held every two years in a different host city.

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raised its outlook on Latvia's debt from negative to stable. Latvia's current account, which had been in deficit by 27% in late 2006 was in surplus in February 2010. Kenneth Orchard, senior analyst at

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Approximately 72% of Latvian citizens are Latvian, while 20% are Russian. The government denationalized private property confiscated by the Soviets, returning it or compensating the owners for it, and

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that followed was part of a general chaotic period of civil and new border wars in Eastern Europe. By the spring of 1919, there were actually three governments: the Provisional government headed by

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The strengthening regional economy is supporting Latvian production and exports, while the sharp swing in the current account balance suggests that the country's 'internal devaluation' is working.

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Lin, David; Hanscom, Laurel; Murthy, Adeline; Galli, Alessandro; Evans, Mikel; Neill, Evan; Mancini, MariaSerena; Martindill, Jon; Medouar, FatimeZahra; Huang, Shiyu; Wackernagel, Mathis (2018).

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The most acute problems are on Europe's periphery, where many smaller economies are experiencing crises strongly reminiscent of past crises in Latin America and Asia: Latvia is the new Argentina

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The total length of Latvia's boundary is 1,866 km (1,159 mi). The total length of its land boundary is 1,368 km (850 mi), of which 343 km (213 mi) is shared with

17672: 12228: 12350: 5616:, whom the Latvian people have strongly supported in international and NHL play, expressed through the dedication of using the NHL's All Star Voting to bring Zemgus to number one in voting. 161: 7598: 4683:. Apart from road and railway connections, Ventspils is also linked to oil extraction fields and prior to 2022, transportation routes of Russian Federation via system of two pipelines from 5455:. With the onset of World War II, many Latvian artists and other members of the cultural elite fled the country yet continued to produce their work, largely for a Latvian émigré audience. 4621:

GDP at current prices rose from €23.7 billion in 2014 to €30.5 billion in 2019. The employment rate rose in the same period from 59.1% to 65% with unemployment falling from 10.8% to 6.5%.

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Latvia closed 131 schools between 2006 and 2010, which is a 12.9% decline, and in the same period enrolment in educational institutions has fallen by over 54,000 people, a 10.3% decline.

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from 1999 until 2007. She was the first female head of state in the former Soviet block state and was active in Latvia joining both NATO and the European Union in 2004. Latvia signed the

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On 22 June 1941, German troops attacked Soviet forces in Operation Barbarossa. There were some spontaneous uprisings by Latvians against the Red Army which helped the Germans. By 29 June

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but reaffirmed in 1990. Since then, it has been amended and is still in effect in Latvia today. With most of Latvia's industrial base evacuated to the interior of Russia in 1915, radical

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became the new prime minister of Latvia, following resignation of former Prime Minister Krišjānis Kariņš previous month. Siliņa’s government is a three-party coalition between her own

16979: 2115:. The pact contained a secret protocol, revealed only after Germany's defeat in 1945, according to which the states of Northern and Eastern Europe were divided into German and Soviet " 2046:

By 1923, the extent of cultivated land surpassed the pre-war level. Innovation and rising productivity led to rapid growth of the economy, but it soon suffered from the effects of the

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the same year, the United States of America exported $ 58.2 million of goods and services to Latvia and imported $ 87.9 million. Eager to join Western economic institutions like the

12081: 12928: 3896:. Ruling coalition, comprising the Union of Greens and Farmers, the National Alliance and the Unity party, lost. In January 2019, Latvia got a government led by new Prime Minister 15941: 10846: 8317: 5271:

Lutheranism was more prominent before the Soviet occupation, when it was adhered to by about 60% of the population, a reflection of the country's strong historical links with the

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was reached and with Soviet troops killed, captured or retreating, Latvia was left under the control of German forces by early July. The occupation was followed immediately by SS

11997: 10543: 3904:. Karins' coalition was formed by five of the seven parties in parliament, excluding only the pro-Russia Harmony party and the Union of Greens and Farmers. On 15 September 2023, 13762: 12189: 12320: 4808:

in Europe and the only one in the Baltic states. Unique geological conditions at Inčukalns and other locations in Latvia are particularly suitable for underground gas storage.

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on whether to adopt Russian as a second official language. According to the Central Election Commission, 74.8% voted against, 24.9% voted for and the voter turnout was 71.1%.

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As a consequence, the majority of ethnic non-Latvians did not receive Latvian citizenship since neither they nor their parents had ever been citizens of Latvia, becoming

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Committee of National Salvation to usurp governmental functions. During the transitional period, Moscow maintained many central Soviet state authorities in Latvia.

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was the central political question for the young state. In 1897, 61.2% of the rural population had been landless; by 1936, that percentage had been reduced to 18%.

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participated in international operations, of whom 7 soldiers perished. Per capita, Latvia is one of the largest contributors to international military operations.

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with 7.8 million passengers in 2019. It has direct flight to over 80 destinations in 30 countries. The only other airport handling regular commercial flights is

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in the eastern Baltic states. There are 2,256 lakes that are bigger than 1 ha (2.5 acres), with a collective area of 1,000 km (390 sq mi).

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was also higher in the Livonian and Courlandian parts of the Russian Empire, which may have been influenced by the Protestant religion of the inhabitants.

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and collective formation of battalion-sized contingents for use in the NATO rapid-response force. In January 2011, the Baltic states were invited to join

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exams and received Latvian citizenship, but in 2015 there were still 290,660 non-citizens in Latvia, which represented 14.1% of the population. They have

17687: 17682: 17667: 9730: 9541: 9123: 5361: 2427: 1918: 12050:"The Outlook of Latvian Potential Underground Gas Storages and Prospects of Utilization of this Potential for Securing of Reliable Gas Supply to Europe" 6792:

Die deutschen Lehnwörter im Lettischen: Inaugural-Dissertation zur Erlangung der Doktorwürde der hohen philosophischen Fakultät I der Universität Zürich

16599: 12876: 11080: 4656:

The transport sector is around 14% of GDP. Transit between Russia, Belarus, Kazakhstan as well as other Asian countries and the West used to be large.

2244: 14040: 13455: 10520: 10376: 7801: 7308: 2509:, Latvia's parliament, was again elected in 1993. Russia ended its military presence by completing its troop withdrawal in 1994 and shutting down the 16594: 16048: 15928: 15849: 15753: 11706: 11364: 8581: 6730: 2083: 2050:. Latvia showed signs of economic recovery, and the electorate had steadily moved toward the centre during the parliamentary period. On 15 May 1934, 12224: 11040: 9232: 9012: 4362:, human rights in Latvia are generally respected by the government: Latvia is ranked above-average among the world's sovereign states in democracy, 2501:

The Republic of Latvia declared the end of the transitional period and restored full independence on 21 August 1991, in the aftermath of the failed

2014:

was repelled in November. Eastern Latvia was cleared of Red Army forces by Latvian and Polish troops in early 1920 (from the Polish perspective the

15768: 15504: 12471: 12342: 12141: 11531: 10295: 5880: 3827: 625: 17478: 12493: 10402: 7590: 6564: 2172:, in less than a year, at least 34,250 Latvians were deported or killed. Most were deported to Siberia where deaths were estimated at 40 percent. 16574: 16569: 15802: 15748: 13278: 11759: 11129: 9791: 9295: 5525:, a new festival in which world-famous orchestras and conductors perform across four weekends during the summer. The festival takes place at the 4832: 4085: 2733:, which has a total length of 1,005 km (624 mi), of which 352 km (219 mi) is on Latvian territory. Latvia's highest point is 2071: 1186: 12811: 8783: 8612: 2560:

at a shopping center in Riga, causing Latvia’s worst post-independence disaster with the deaths of 54 rush hour shoppers and rescue personnel.

2139:

resettled mainly in Poland, being given land and businesses in exchange for the money they had received from the sale of their previous assets.

1345:

of the country's name, "Lettigallia" and "Lethia", both derived from the Latgalians. The terms inspired the variations on the country's name in

16971: 16898: 15854: 7462: 4225: 3561: 2216:

murdered during the Nazi occupation. Latvian soldiers fought on both sides of the conflict, mainly on the German side, with 140,000 men in the

1094:

with Sweden to the west. Latvia covers an area of 64,589 km (24,938 sq mi), with a population of 1.9 million. The country has a

13863: 10621: 9700: 7252: 6431: 4069:, a two-day informal meeting of the prime ministers of the Nordic-Baltic countries and the UK. The Enhanced Partnership in Northern Europe or 15758: 12769: 10794: 10547: 6602: 4161: 747: 17473: 14064: 8252: 7521: 5279:

in particular and Germany in general. Since then, Lutheranism has declined to a slightly greater extent than Roman Catholicism in all three

2281:

the end of war, returned by the West. The Soviets reoccupied the country in 1944–1945, and further deportations followed as the country was

1709:

as its main religion. The ancient tribes of the Couronians, Semigallians, Selonians, Livs, and northern Latgallians assimilated to form the

17662: 17652: 16041: 11061: 6708: 6349: 3912:(JV) party, the Greens and Farmers Union (ZZS), and the social-democratic Progressives (PRO) with total 52 of 100 seats in the parliament. 2156: 1479:

in the late 12th century, seeking converts. The local people, however, did not convert to Christianity as readily as the Church had hoped.

802: 14105: 12532: 12085: 11528:"Agreement between the United States of America and the Republic of Latvia on Trade Relations and Intellectual Property Rights Protection" 8838: 4825: 17519: 16541: 16509: 16231: 15497: 12924: 8559: 7839: 6467: 6007: 5660: 3877:

resigned. In February 2016, a coalition of Union of Greens and Farmers, The Unity and National Alliance was formed by new Prime Minister

1957: 564: 13089: 10857: 9640: 8860: 8801: 8309: 7122: 2231:

In the 23rd block of the Vorverker cemetery, a monument was erected after the Second World War for the people of Latvia who had died in

16564: 16310: 16260: 11989: 11907: 11649: 10324: 9972: 9946: 7144: 594: 14076: 11566: 9895: 3619:

in a separate election, also held every four years. The president appoints a prime minister who, together with his cabinet, forms the

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and since then the annual Riga Conference has become a leading foreign and security policy forum in Northern Europe. Latvia held the

2452: 1443: 695: 11837: 10980: 10882: 9042: 3851: 3159:

animals. Latvia has hundreds of kilometres of undeveloped seashore—lined by pine forests, dunes, and continuous white sand beaches.

2557: 16505: 15728: 14864: 13824:

Between past and future: elites, democracy and the state in post-communist countries: a comparison of Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania

11737: 10468: 9317: 7078:

V. Stanley Vardys (1987). "The Role of the Churches in the Maintenance of Regional and National Identity in the Baltic Republics".

6489: 5644: 4412: 4228:

in Estonia and Energy Security in Lithuania. It plans to establish the NATO Strategic Communications Centre of Excellence in Riga.

1463: 1427: 12845: 11333: 10158: 9406: 9341:"Anthropogenic modification of forests means only 40% of remaining forests have high ecosystem integrity - Supplementary Material" 6806: 17483: 15658: 15165: 14288: 12019: 11216: 10569: 10103:"Nordic Council of Ministers is looking for a Senior Adviser to run the Secretariat of Northern Dimension Partnership on Culture" 9865: 8951: 6421:", declaring Article 5 of the Declaration to be invalid, thus ending the transitional period and restoring de facto independence. 4121: 3888:

pro-Russian Harmony was again the biggest party securing 23 out of 100 seats, the second and third were the new populist parties

3643: 3261:

of consumption. This means they use less biocapacity than Latvia contains. As a result, Latvia is running a biocapacity reserve.

2209:

ended in January 1944, and the Soviet troops advanced, entering Latvia in July and eventually capturing Riga on 13 October 1944.

15446:

within the vicinity of Europe are usually grouped with the continent even though they are not situated on its continental shelf.

12554: 9455: 9093:. Yale University and Columbia University in collaboration with The World Economic Forum and European Commission. Archived from 9068: 4304:

Future co-operation will include sharing of national infrastructures for training purposes and specialisation of training areas

16619: 14389: 13218: 10236: 7056: 6535:

Norvik, Miina; Balodis, Uldis; Ernštreits, Valts; Kļava, Gunta; Metslang, Helle; Pajusalu, Karl; Saar, Eva (20 December 2021).

5876: 5084: 4548: 3873:. They got 61 seats and Harmony got 24. In December 2015, country's first female prime minister, in office since January 2014, 1683: 1194: 11430: 10599: 9465: 9270: 8910: 8347: 7627: 6167: 4415:"urged Latvia to allow non-citizens to vote in municipal elections." Additionally, there have been reports of police abuse of 1523:

in 1193. When peaceful means of conversion failed to produce results, Meinhard plotted to convert Livonians by force of arms.

16253: 15861: 15790: 13912: 13893: 13790: 13702: 13683: 13664: 13626: 13593: 13550: 13531: 13512: 13438: 13412: 13393: 12763: 11398: 10490: 8108: 7674: 7554: 7223: 7116: 6843: 6590: 6245: 6193: 5443:, dates back well over a thousand years. More than 1.2 million texts and 30,000 melodies of folk songs have been identified. 5234: 3314: 1214: 370: 16285: 11881: 11193: 9670: 9579: 9519: 8765: 8369: 8222: 7924:

Strods, Heinrihs; Kott, Matthew (2002). "The File on Operation 'Priboi': A Re-Assessment of the Mass Deportations of 1949".

6669: 6414: 6385: 6131: 5974: 3281:

Approximately 30,000 species of flora and fauna have been registered in Latvia. Larger mammalian wildlife in Latvia include

3142:

2019 was the warmest year in the history of weather observation in Latvia with an average temperature +8.1 °C higher.

2502: 2119:". In the north, Latvia, Finland and Estonia were assigned to the Soviet sphere. A week later, on 1 September 1939, Germany 1705:

Several important cultural changes occurred during this time. Under Swedish and largely German rule, western Latvia adopted

570: 16298: 15974: 14384: 14359: 11083: 10946: 10262: 9752: 8184: 7568: 6138: 5987:

Latvia declared independence on 21 August 1991...The decision to restore diplomatic relations took effect on 29 August 1991

2456: 2328: 2282: 8430: 2228:

was formed by the Red Army in 1944. On occasions, especially in 1944, opposing Latvian troops faced each other in battle.

16647: 16322: 15987: 14857: 14562: 14379: 12898: 12167: 11502: 11247: 8711: 8499: 6768: 3901: 3885: 3858: 3839: 2368:

other data on active and former KGB agents as of 1991, the year Latvia regained its independence from the Soviet Union.'

2225: 2067: 1742: 1178: 13030: 12692: 11967: 9998: 9602: 7440: 7278:"Latvians in the Second Half of the 19th Century and the Early 20th Century: National Identity, Culture and Social Life" 6888: 6647: 5556:

as potatoes, wheat, barley, cabbage, onions, eggs, and pork. Latvian food is generally quite fatty and uses few spices.

5076: – as a dialect of Latvian is also protected by Latvian law but as a historical variation of the Latvian language. 1905:

devastated the territory of what became the state of Latvia, and other western parts of the Russian Empire. Demands for

16343: 16235: 16064: 15992: 15812: 15807: 15349: 14503: 14404: 13248: 12954: 11452:

Commercio, Michele E. (1 March 2008). "Systems of Partial Control: Ethnic Dynamics in Post-Soviet Estonia and Latvia".

10751: 8978:"Land Use/Cover Area frame Survey 2012 Buildings, roads and other artificial areas cover 5% of the EU …and forests 40%" 8736: 7861: 4189: 3711: 2320: 1758: 1738: 1690:

and the largest city in the entire Swedish Empire. Fighting continued sporadically between Sweden and Poland until the

1636: 1608: 1575:. The first German settlers were knights from northern Germany and citizens of northern German towns who brought their 1099: 728: 17: 13127: 10050: 9178: 5368:(established in 1950 on the basis of the Faculty of Medicine). Both nowadays cover a variety of different fields. The 4512:. The prices of real estate, which rose 150% from 2004 to 2006, was a significant contributor to the economic bubble. 4496:

The economic crisis of 2009 proved earlier assumptions that the fast-growing economy was heading for implosion of the

16579: 14528: 14472: 14416: 13839: 13813: 13771: 13750: 13728: 13645: 13476: 13366: 13175: 13158: 12264: 10790: 9489: 9216: 8082: 7731: 7379: 6523: 5943: 5530: 4359: 4074: 3926: 2248: 2149: 1961: 1868:

in 1863: this spread to the rest of what is now Latvia by the 1880s. The Young Latvians were largely eclipsed by the

1797:

erected; new parks formed; and so on. Riga's boulevards and some streets outside the Old Town date from this period.

1198: 1126:

are the most prominent minority in the country, at almost a quarter of the population; 37.7% of the population speak

1034: 991: 12441: 11734:"IMF Executive Board Concludes First Post-Program Monitoring Discussions with the Republic of Latvia, July 16, 2012" 11592: 9432: 6998: 6833: 4217: 4167:

Latvia participates in international peacekeeping and security operations. Latvian armed forces have contributed to

1520: 17069: 16637: 15795: 15601: 14694: 13006: 12049: 10912: 10699: 10128: 8649: 8408: 6052: 4038: 3963: 3413: 1766: 1660: 1600: 1264: 12714: 11159: 10647: 9917: 9147:"Ecological Footprint Accounting for Countries: Updates and Results of the National Footprint Accounts, 2012-2018" 4698: 1848:) movement laid the groundwork for nationalism from the middle of the century, many of its leaders looking to the 16919: 16712: 16534: 15895: 15743: 15414: 14399: 13109: 10428: 10380: 10206: 10024: 7402: 6294: 6223: 5708: 5696: 5684: 5467: 4263: 4173: 3893: 3246: 2611:, making him the European Union’s first openly gay head of state. After years of debates, Latvia ratified the EU 2447: 1737:(1700–1721), up to 40 percent of Latvians died from famine and plague. Half the residents of Riga were killed by 388: 221: 13055: 11937: 10950: 10350: 8680: 8098: 7309:"Another Baltic Postcolonialism: Young Latvians, Baltic Germans, and the emergence of Latvian National Movement" 7183:"THE ORIGINS OF A CIVIL SOCIETY BASED ON DEMOCRATICALLY LEGITIMATE VALUES IN BALTICS AFTER ABOLITION OF SERFDOM" 6101: 5596:

Ice hockey is usually considered the most popular sport in Latvia. Latvia has had many famous hockey stars like

3998:

operations, and development co-operation, particularly the strengthening of stability and democracy in the EU's

17647: 17534: 17509: 16584: 16022: 12115: 8894: 5335: 4735:

railway, linking Helsinki-Tallinn-Riga-Kaunas-Warsaw is under construction and is set to be completed in 2026.

4394: 1770: 1232: 676: 432: 12984: 12662: 11710: 11010: 9843: 9813: 9722: 9119: 8274:

Commercio Michele E (2003). "Emotion and Blame in Collective Action: Russian Voice in Kyrgyzstan and Latvia".

5360:. Other important universities, which were established on the base of State University of Latvia, include the 2710:. Extension from north to south is 210 km (130 mi) and from west to east 450 km (280 mi). 2051: 2036: 1162: 16955: 16589: 14653: 14587: 13961: 13937: 13884:

Russian Minority Politics in Post-Soviet Latvia and Kyrgyzstan: The Transformative Power of Informal Networks

12868: 12376: 11589:"Statistical Office of the European Commission (Eurostat), Monthly Bulletin: Table in chapter 09, section 01" 10406: 7374: 7285: 5795: 5534: 5365: 5295: 4980: 4231:

Latvia co-operates with Estonia and Lithuania in several trilateral Baltic defence co-operation initiatives:

4129: 3823: 3725: 2588: 895: 331: 17214: 11107: 10516: 9090: 8140: 17642: 15933: 15262: 14704: 14643: 14225: 14128: 14037: 13611:

Comparative politics and government of the Baltic States: Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania in the 21st century

13452: 12815: 11368: 10184: 7809: 5629: 5625: 5621: 5356:

are two major universities in the country, both successors to Riga Polytechnical Institute, and located in

4597: 4419:

and arrestees, poor prison conditions and overcrowding, judicial corruption, incidents of violence against

4371: 4239: – infantry battalion for participation in international peace support operations, headquartered near 3729: 3166:

Latvia has over 12,500 rivers, which stretch for 38,000 km (24,000 mi). Major rivers include the

2592: 863: 16371: 12581:"Orthodox Church of Latvia seceded from Moscow – It was a matter of national security, says the President" 10080: 6738: 4493:. The Latvian economy fell 18% in the first three months of 2009, the biggest fall in the European Union. 3249:

ranks Latvia second, after Switzerland, based on the environmental performance of the country's policies.

1149:

rule, the independent Republic of Latvia was established on 18 November 1918 after breaking away from the

17265: 15882: 15651: 15591: 15440:

Considered European for cultural, political and historical reasons but is geographically in Western Asia.

14518: 14374: 14281: 14090: 11562: 9236: 9004: 6079: 6039: 5240: 4062: 4051: 4034: 3955: 3921: 3870: 2920: 2568: 2112: 2007: 1945: 1725:

influence. The native dialect remained distinct, although it acquired many Polish and Russian loanwords.

1528: 1268: 1134: 876: 871: 14140: 13241:"Sabres' Girgensons expands lead as top vote-getter in 2015 NHL All-Star Fan Vote presented by SiriusXM" 12467: 12137: 11527: 11032: 10299: 6940:

H. Strods, "'Dobrye Shvedskie Vremena' v Istoriografii Latvii (Konets XVIII V. – 70-E Gg. XX V.).

5760: 2311: 125: 16527: 14737: 14667: 14462: 14158: 13985: 12501: 12291:"Results of the referendum on the Draft Law 'Amendments to the Constitution of the Republic of Latvia'" 12290: 7323: 6536: 5518: 5091: 4690: 4562: 4309: 4221: 4153: 3866: 3846:

supported by Latvia's Russian-speaking minority got 29 seats. In November 2013, Latvian Prime Minister

3811: 3783: 3721: 3389: 2442: 2274: 2192: 1857: 857: 833: 147: 14170: 13494: 13270: 11137: 9783: 8052: 7546:

Entrepreneur in a small country: a case study against the background of the Latvian economy, 1919–1940

7051: 5529:, the Great Guild, and the Great and Small Halls of the Dzintari Concert Hall. This year features the 4106: 2327:

In the post-war period, Latvia was made to adopt Soviet farming methods. Rural areas were forced into

2277:, soon joined by some who had collaborated with the Germans, began to fight against the new occupier. 14714: 14552: 14547: 13973: 10886: 9211:(in Latvian). Vol. 3rd volume. Riga, Latvia: Valērija Belokoņa izdevniecība. 2005. p. 695. 8787: 5538: 5353: 5039: 2729:, at 452 km (281 mi) in length. The longest river flowing through Latvian territory is the 2596: 2534: 2124: 1774: 1367:

Around 3000 BC, the proto-Baltic ancestors of the Latvian people settled on the eastern coast of the

376: 14426: 14206: 14149: 14028: 13997: 12797: 10622:"V.Dombrovskis: Latvia sees the opportunity to strengthen NATO's strategic communication capability" 7466: 2212:

More than 200,000 Latvian citizens died during World War II, including approximately 75,000 Latvian

2003: 1828:

left for the cities and sought for education, industrial jobs. There also developed a growing urban

17593: 17054: 16948: 15969: 14572: 14477: 14467: 14182: 13860: 10625: 9692: 7244: 6438: 5764: 5369: 4524: 4470: 3959: 3717: 3592: 3320:

Species that are endangered in other European countries but common in Latvia include: black stork (

1640: 1288: 460: 13949: 12745: 10786: 6610: 5605: 5479:

singing, though modern popular songs have recently been incorporated into the repertoire as well.

5340: 4592:

However, by 2010, commentators noted signs of stabilisation in the Latvian economy. Rating agency

3223: 2054:, establishing a nationalist dictatorship that lasted until 1940. After 1934, Ulmanis established 1872:, a broad leftist social and political movement, in the 1890s. Popular discontent exploded in the 17514: 16940: 14457: 14394: 14246: 14061: 11334:"Rimsevics: Failing to bail out Parex banka would result in closing down of four banks in Latvia" 8244: 7513: 6954:

J. T. Kotilaine (1999). "Riga's Trade With its Muscovite Hinterland in the Seventeenth Century".

5712: 5664: 5420: 5380: 5291: 5287: 5246: 5164: 5057: 4593: 4501: 4157: 2470: 2423: 2075: 1980: 1873: 1698:

was eased, a network of schools was established for the peasantry, and the power of the regional

1451: 1240: 1201:

for the next 45 years. As a result of extensive immigration during the Soviet occupation, ethnic

780: 653: 382: 325: 31: 14009: 12606: 6700: 6345: 3850:, in office since 2009, resigned after at least 54 people were killed and dozens injured in the 3215: 2478:

or citizens of other former Soviet republics. By 2011, more than half of non-citizens had taken

2144: 17637: 17504: 17337: 16657: 16277: 16012: 15900: 15644: 15596: 15569: 14935: 14747: 14679: 14535: 14508: 14354: 14274: 14102: 12524: 10461:"Dombrovskis and US Ambassador Garber visit Riga Airport to inspect cargo plane to Afghanistan" 8830: 7753: 5809: 5526: 5053: 4817: 4676: 4639: 4446: 4390: 4329: 4281: 4149: 3967: 3803: 3620: 3397: 2909: 2055: 2031: 1754: 1548: 1276: 1221: 703: 647: 612: 550: 338: 131: 38: 16245: 13357:

Bleiere, Daina; and Ilgvars Butulis; Antonijs Zunda; Aivars Stranga; Inesis Feldmanis (2006).

11062:

Concluding observations of the Human Rights Committee: Latvia. CCPR/CO/79/LVA, 1 December 2003

8551: 7831: 6463: 5999: 3231: 17074: 16929: 15964: 15905: 15418: 15281: 15252: 14613: 14540: 14113: 13214: 13086: 11133: 10916: 9632: 8864: 8805: 7106: 5847: 5821: 5740: 5724: 5700: 5398: 4401: 4335: 4246: 4066: 3576: 2604: 2475: 2019: 2011: 1922: 1811: 1342: 1111: 926: 839: 475: 451: 301: 11911: 11641: 11104:"A new kind of citizenship accepted by EU? Latvian non-citizens and the citizenship debates" 10328: 9976: 9869: 5643:

The second most popular sport is basketball. Latvia has a long basketball tradition, as the

3638: 17311: 14792: 14523: 14349: 14073: 14049: 12084:. Eurostat – Tables, Graphs and Maps Interface (TGM) table. 17 October 2013. Archived from 11558: 9950: 9891: 9352: 5779: 5692: 5349: 4964: 4723:

railway of which 251 km are electrified, making it the longest railway network in the

4212:

joined NATO, fighter jets of NATO members have been deployed on a rotational basis for the

4141: 3552: 3548: 3461: 3456: 3258: 3073: 2714: 2664: 2341: 2169: 2026: 2015: 1984: 1762: 1686:, northern Livonia (including Vidzeme) came under Swedish rule. Riga became the capital of 1668: 1571:. Riga became an important point of east–west trading and formed close cultural links with 1308: 1142: 849: 16334: 12343:"Moscow threatens sanctions against Latvia over removal of Russian from secondary schools" 10729: 8977: 6911: 6029: 3842:

ruling centre-right coalition won 63 out of 100 parliamentary seats. Left-wing opposition

2647: 2257: 8: 17550: 17367: 16727: 16423: 16144: 15890: 15738: 15374: 15207: 15005: 14689: 14648: 14633: 14567: 14513: 14445: 14329: 12632: 11829: 10972: 9034: 6541:

Eesti ja Soome-ugri Keeleteaduse Ajakiri. Journal of Estonian and Finno-Ugric Linguistics

5931: 5609: 5424: 5329: 4805: 4651: 4316:. In November 2012, the three countries agreed to create a joint military staff in 2013. 4213: 4185: 4137: 4042: 3999: 3581: 3517: 3516:

Several nature reserves protect unspoiled landscapes with a variety of large animals. At

3381: 3207: 3154:

Latvia has the fifth highest proportion of land covered by forests in the European Union.

2672: 2668: 2628: 2616: 2608: 2584: 2538: 2422:—a symbol of independence. In the summer of 1988, a national movement, coalescing in the 2410:

started to introduce political and economic reforms in the Soviet Union that were called

2206: 2165: 2116: 1965: 1896: 1852:

for support against the prevailing German-dominated social order. The rise in use of the

1272: 1209:

started in 1987 among the Baltic Soviet republics and ended with the restoration of both

918: 581: 445: 15353: 12442:"Tieslietu ministrijā iesniegtie reliģisko organizāciju pārskati par darbību 2011. gadā" 12265:"Referendum on the Draft Law 'Amendments to the Constitution of the Republic of Latvia'" 11733: 10460: 9356: 9309: 6497: 5836: 5672: 5447:

other European cultures, for example, works of artists such as the Baltic-German artist

4423:, and societal violence and incidents of government discrimination against homosexuals. 4192:(CSDP) of the European Union. Latvia acts as the lead nation in the coordination of the 4180:

missions in Georgia, Kosovo and Macedonia. Latvian armed forces contributed to a UK-led

2777: 111: 17677: 17555: 17352: 15817: 15613: 15564: 15273: 14849: 14767: 14719: 14628: 14557: 14491: 14339: 14085: 13882: 12837: 12785: 11477: 11341: 11163: 10890: 9410: 9383: 9340: 8291: 8287: 7941: 7560: 7335: 6810: 6270: 6034: 5748: 5720: 5668: 5111: 5095: 5073: 4756: 4744: 4581: 4386: 4101: 4058: 3874: 3847: 3632: 3544: 3380:, Latvia is shared between the Central European and Northern European provinces of the 2822: 2691: 2680: 2676: 2580: 2542: 2377: 2120: 1914: 1906: 1750: 1734: 1350: 1206: 1202: 1123: 922: 427: 405: 295: 270: 198: 79: 16033: 13855:

Cheskin, Ammon. "Exploring Russian-speaking identity from below: The case of Latvia."

13638:

The Baltic Nations and Europe: Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania in the Twentieth Century

13488: 13356: 11224: 10573: 8955: 3199:

engaged in ecologically pure farming (using no artificial fertilizers or pesticides).

2928: 1503:

were sent, or more likely decided to go of their own accord as they were known to do.

17357: 17094: 16924: 16702: 16604: 16550: 15979: 15552: 15489: 15472: 14980: 14811: 14777: 14729: 14638: 14601: 14409: 14306: 13908: 13889: 13835: 13809: 13786: 13767: 13746: 13724: 13698: 13679: 13660: 13641: 13622: 13589: 13572: 13546: 13527: 13508: 13472: 13434: 13423:

School of Europeanness: Tolerance and other lessons in political liberalism in Latvia

13408: 13389: 13372: 13362: 13345: 13154: 12841: 12759: 11753: 11469: 11337: 10624:. The Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Latvia. 6 November 2013. Archived from 10464: 9452: 9388: 9370: 9289: 9212: 9064: 8890: 8104: 8078: 7945: 7727: 7670: 7550: 7339: 7219: 7160: 7112: 6971: 6839: 6586: 6556: 6519: 6278: 5949: 5939: 5877:"Pastāvīgo iedzīvotāju etniskais sastāvs reģionos un republikas pilsētās gada sākumā" 5613: 5507: 5499:

music, and classical music have become the most notable branches of Latvian culture.

5487: 5448: 5410: 5313: 5149: 5061: 4436: 4424: 4420: 4405: 4145: 3971: 3939: 3493: 3488: 3340: 2800: 2703: 2489: 2407: 2079: 1892: 1782: 1639:

rule. The southern part of Estonia and the northern part of Latvia were ceded to the

1362: 1346: 1256: 1236: 1228: 1095: 1091: 914: 502: 266: 94: 13804:

The Baltic States: The National Self-determination of Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania

13210: 13078:

The Baltic States: The National Self-Determination of Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania.

11481: 8295: 7046: 5820:. The most successful Olympic athlete in the history of independent Latvia has been 4675:. Most transit traffic uses these and half the cargo is crude oil and oil products. 3738:, currently divided into 43 local government units consisting of 36 municipalities ( 1949: 1930: 1587: 1426:

In the 12th century in the territory of Latvia, there were lands with their rulers:

1166: 15783: 15778: 15618: 15410: 14742: 14709: 14684: 14623: 14369: 12751: 11461: 11420: 10595: 10105:. Northern Dimension Partnership on Culture (NDPC). 6 November 2013. Archived from 9462: 9378: 9360: 9259: 9158: 8339: 8283: 7933: 7622: 7327: 7087: 6963: 6548: 6171: 5791: 5680: 5597: 5491:

also gave rise to an increasing popularity of poetry. Since independence, theatre,

5392: 5276: 5272: 5077: 5069: 5065: 5049: 5045: 4782: 4776: 4764: 4716: 4509: 4313: 4081: 4026: 3897: 3815: 3747: 3739: 3612: 3498: 3480: 3466: 3448: 3430: 2725:, is 65.1 m (214 ft) deep. The longest river on Latvian territory is the 2613:

Convention on Preventing and Combating Violence Against Women and Domestic Violence

2530: 2419: 2297: 2265: 2047: 1995: 1865: 1853: 1841: 1746: 1722: 1714: 1691: 1652: 1644: 1604: 1568: 1500: 1127: 1119: 1054: 1043: 1005: 953: 910: 755: 256: 64: 11390: 6249: 6197: 5688: 4719:'s main network consists of 1,860 km of which 1,826 km is 1,520 mm 4705:

is the Latvian flag carrier airline and a low-cost carrier with hubs in all three

4553: 2035:, in February 1922. The constitution was partly suspended by Kārlis Ulmanis after 481: 17632: 17499: 17149: 16782: 15877: 15465: 15378: 15186: 15065: 14892: 14820: 14787: 14782: 14772: 14752: 14699: 14344: 14229: 14210: 14198: 14186: 14174: 14162: 14144: 14132: 14109: 14080: 14068: 14056: 14044: 14032: 14013: 14001: 13989: 13977: 13965: 13953: 13941: 13867: 13802: 13466: 13459: 13447:

Hazans, Mihails. "Emigration from Latvia: Recent trends and economic impact." in

13093: 13034: 11885: 11692: 11425: 11189: 11090: 11068: 9662: 9571: 9511: 9469: 9459: 8769: 8214: 7869: 7631: 7544: 7331: 6677: 6585:

Latvijas vēstures atlants, Jānis Turlajs, page 12, Karšu izdevniecība Jāņa sēta,

6392: 5817: 5813: 5772: 5768: 5732: 5656: 5652: 5580: 5550: 5522: 5458: 5415: 5299: 4797:

and the completed project will expectedly provide additional 800 MW of capacity.

4497: 4030: 3878: 3334: 3306: 3150: 2811: 2642: 2505:. Latvia resumed diplomatic relations with Western states, including Sweden. The 2418:. In the summer of 1987, the first large demonstrations were held in Riga at the 2184: 2134:

left Latvia by agreement between Ulmanis's government and Nazi Germany under the

1973: 1933:

was entrusted to set up a government and he took the position of prime minister.

1687: 1624: 1596: 1416: 1338: 1334: 1138: 1067: 508: 313: 12190:"TSG11-06. Resident population on March 1, 2011 by ethnicity, sex and age group" 10270: 8192: 6552: 5585: 5316:. About 21% of the total population is not affiliated with a specific religion. 4790: 3905: 3587: 2741:

coastline is 494 km (307 mi). An inlet of the Baltic Sea, the shallow

466: 17347: 16914: 16852: 16677: 16609: 16383: 16104: 16068: 15733: 15443: 15140: 14955: 14757: 14618: 14257: 13743:

The Baltic Revolution: Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, and the Path to Independence

9365: 8710:. Central Statistical Bureau Republic of Latvia. 5 October 2011. Archived from 8679:. Central Statistical Bureau Republic of Latvia. 18 August 2011. Archived from 6537:"The South Estonian language islands in the context of the Central Baltic area" 5828: 5803: 5728: 5716: 5676: 5257: 4976: 4728: 4532: 4474: 4252: – naval force with mine countermeasures capabilities, headquartered near 4181: 4046: 3935: 3862: 3843: 3659: 3521: 3385: 3377: 3117: 3097: 2758: 2526: 2479: 2435: 2217: 2197: 2180: 2135: 2131: 1977: 1837: 1778: 1710: 1699: 1679: 1675: 1656: 1618: 1572: 1544: 1536: 1504: 1494: 1486: 1327: 1260: 1244: 1146: 194: 117: 12902: 11495: 11465: 8648:. Central Statistical Bureau Republic of Latvia. 28 April 2012. Archived from 8491: 8015:"Latvia opens its KGB archives — while Russia continues to whitewash its past" 7937: 7091: 6967: 6760: 5744: 5601: 3568: 3009: 2976: 2734: 1925:

armistice with Germany on 11 November 1918. On 18 November 1918, in Riga, the

1383:

for precious metals. By 900 AD, four distinct Baltic tribes inhabited Latvia:

17626: 17608: 17595: 17270: 17119: 16893: 16742: 16305: 15667: 15477: 15225: 15191: 15025: 14825: 14334: 14324: 14319: 14261: 14194: 13738: 13027: 12684: 11959: 11473: 11006: 10820: 10290: 10288: 10154: 9374: 9163: 9146: 7432: 6975: 6880: 6643: 6560: 5953: 5756: 5280: 5264: 5179: 4992: 4724: 4720: 4706: 4694: 4680: 4643: 4515: 4454: 4363: 4355: 4209: 4014: 3975: 3735: 3602: 3475: 3443: 3425: 3409: 3370: 3322: 3294: 3274: 3203: 3179: 3167: 2730: 2638: 2549: 2494: 2483: 2431: 2301: 2286: 2201: 1953: 1937: 1926: 1861: 1579:

language to the region, which shaped many loanwords in the Latvian language.

1540: 1476: 1218: 1150: 1071: 1063: 888: 236: 223: 13498:(12th ed.). London & New York: The Encyclopædia Britannica Company. 13376: 13240: 12373:"Government okays transition to Latvian as sole language at schools in 2019" 11731: 9941: 9939: 8740: 7463:"Cēsis, Battle of | International Encyclopedia of the First World War (WW1)" 6295:"The Constitution of the Republic of Latvia (Latvijas Republikas Satversme)" 5695:

is one of the most well-known Latvian basketball players, who played in the

5308: 4117: 2438:

flew again, replacing the Soviet Latvian flag as the official flag in 1990.

1694:

in 1629. In Latvia, the Swedish period is generally remembered as positive;

17024: 15923: 15230: 15196: 15145: 14762: 13349: 13123: 12268: 10054: 9392: 9186: 7874: 5850:

alongside Lithuania, their national team will make their debut as co-host.

5752: 5559:

Grey peas with speck are generally considered as staple foods of Latvians.

5483: 5227: 4732: 4577: 4482: 3628: 3352: 3108: 2742: 2553: 2332: 2108: 2104: 1728: 1632: 1508: 1396: 1331: 1323: 1190: 1182: 1174: 512: 364: 277: 16219: 13576: 10285: 9482: 7369: 5736: 4786: 4220:

in Lithuania to guard the Baltic airspace. Latvia participates in several

1674:

In the 17th and early 18th centuries, the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth,

17427: 17229: 17209: 17129: 16837: 16777: 16453: 16174: 15834: 15308: 15125: 15060: 14364: 12445: 12293:(in Latvian). Central Election Commission of Latvia. 2012. Archived from 11990:"Development of wind parks is possible in whole Latvia's territory - LVM" 9936: 9436: 7862:

Patriots or Nazi collaborators? Latvians march to commemorate SS veterans

7021: 6990: 5617: 5568: 5560: 5492: 5303: 5134: 5099: 4996: 4984: 4740: 4461: 3615:

by direct popular vote every four years. The president is elected by the

3525: 3364: 3358: 3253: 2415: 2395: 2040: 1902: 1869: 1833: 1829: 1718: 1706: 1635:(1558–1583), Livonia (Northern Latvia & Southern Estonia) fell under 1532: 1154: 319: 13014: 12755: 10920: 10700:"Nordic Countries Invite Baltics to Join Defence Co-operation Framework" 10674:"Baltic Defence Ministers announced new defence cooperation initiatives" 10025:"Nordic-Baltic Mobility and Network Programme for Business and Industry" 9258:

Rudzīte; Boikova2; Dreijers; Jakubāne; Parele; Pilāte; Rudzītis (2018).

7542: 5824:, who became a two-time Olympic champion in 2008 and 2012 at Men's BMX. 5759:, is the second strongest basketball club in Latvia, previously winning 4077:

diplomatic framework for co-operation with the Nordic-Baltic countries.

2721:, has an area of 80.7 km (31.2 sq mi), its deepest lake, 2461:

Declaration on the Restoration of Independence of the Republic of Latvia

2088: 17402: 17397: 17291: 17224: 17164: 17154: 17144: 17049: 16807: 16772: 16752: 16443: 16164: 15822: 15521: 15095: 15055: 15035: 15015: 14920: 12722: 12500:(in Latvian). The Latvian Bible Society. 1 January 2004. Archived from 10702:. Estonian Ministry of Foreign Affairs. 21 January 2011. Archived from 10353:. Ministry of National Defence Republic of Latvia. 2011. Archived from 10132: 9094: 7564: 5648: 5589: 5476: 5452: 5440: 5208: 5003: 4988: 4955: 4672: 4490: 4379: 3755: 3702: 3675: 3510: 3416:

mean score of 2.09/10, ranking it 159th globally out of 172 countries.

3401: 3298: 3001: 2876: 2738: 2706:

is 498 km (309 mi), which is shared with Estonia, Sweden and

2660: 2652: 2634: 2381: 2353: 2205:

was a pause in fighting, apart from partisan activity, until after the

2006:

in June 1919, and a massive attack by a predominantly German force—the

1849: 1781:. All three Baltic provinces preserved local laws, German as the local 1576: 1388: 1368: 1304: 1158: 399: 307: 13874:

Russian-Speakers in Post-Soviet Latvia: Discursive Identity Strategies

13695:

The European Union and the Baltic States: Changing forms of governance

13386:

Latvia and Latvians: A People and a State in Ideas, Images and Symbols

10028: 8702: 8700: 8698: 6518:

A History of Rome, M Cary and HH Scullard, p455-457, Macmillan Press,

6219: 5007: 4668: 4293: 4009:

Foreign ministers of the Nordic and Baltic countries in Helsinki, 2011

3771: 3767: 3763: 3081: 3062: 3028: 2722: 2390: 1556: 1515:, on a Catholic mission to convert the population from their original 17387: 17382: 17327: 17169: 16747: 16438: 16159: 15712: 15581: 15437:

Spans the conventional boundary between Europe and another continent.

15258: 15030: 13047: 12925:"The Baltic States and their health systems – From Soviet to EU" 12020:"Prime Minister: investment in wind farms to reach one billion euros" 10942: 10354: 5787: 5783: 5704: 5635: 5567:) is also consumed by Latvians. Rye bread is considered the national 5364:(established in 1939 on the basis of the Faculty of Agriculture) and 4794: 4767:. In 2017 there were a total of 803,546 licensed vehicles in Latvia. 4760: 4702: 4664: 4558: 4344: 4274: 4022: 4013:

Since the early 1990s, Latvia has been involved in active trilateral

3909: 3779: 3532: 3393: 3346: 3328: 3310: 3286: 2960: 2860: 2796: 2707: 2699: 2545:

on 16 April 2003 and started its implementation on 21 December 2007.

2510: 2252: 2221: 1990: 1392: 1384: 1376: 1319: 1315: 1079: 817: 16519: 12654: 12403:"Are Russian schools in Latvia ready to teach in official language?" 12317:"Latvia pushes majority language in schools, leaving parents miffed" 10703: 10377:"US-led coalition forces operation in OIF (Operation Iraqi Freedom)" 9866:"A foreign policy based on co-operation and constructive engagement" 9693:"Latvia's Karins confirmed as PM, ending lengthy political deadlock" 9453:

Constitution of the Republic of Latvia with amendments and revisions

8946: 8944: 8942: 8940: 8938: 8936: 5743:

tournament three times in a row before becoming defunct. Currently,

3419:

Several species of flora and fauna are considered national symbols.

2944: 2718: 2493:

Latvia became a member of the European Union in 2004 and signed the

2232: 2058:

to buy up private firms with the aim of "Latvianising" the economy.

1459: 1447: 37:"Lettonia" redirects here. For the Latvian student corporation, see 17529: 17453: 17422: 17417: 17084: 17079: 17039: 17034: 17019: 16873: 16822: 16817: 16797: 16662: 16478: 16473: 16463: 16361: 16199: 16194: 16184: 16089: 15450: 15400: 15370: 15291: 15286: 15176: 15110: 15105: 15080: 14940: 14836: 12976: 11365:"Latvian GDP Shrank 18% in First Quarter, EU's Biggest Fall –" 11307: 10651: 9921: 9839: 9817: 8695: 6168:"The Constitution of the Republic of Latvia, Chapter 1 (Article 4)" 6105: 5471: 5436: 4727:. Latvia's railway network is currently incompatible with European 4450: 4416: 3979: 3787: 3668: 3529: 3282: 3227: 3020: 2572: 2411: 2357: 2296:") and Latvian nationalists were deported to Siberia in a sweeping 2261: 2092: 1969: 1910: 1825: 1800: 1664: 1564: 1535:. Together with southern Estonia, these conquered areas formed the 1248: 1107: 883: 821: 420: 289: 16970: 15547: 15345: 14266: 13958: 13934: 13829: 12225:"Latvia to ask thousands of Russian citizens to leave the country" 11675:"Baltic Thaw, Aegean freeze", The Economist, 27 February 2010, p59 9918:"Estonian Chairmanship of the Baltic Council of Ministers in 2011" 9542:"Latvia's prime minister resigns over deadly supermarket collapse" 8431:"Valdis Dombrovskis Named as European Commission's Vice President" 8100:

Imagining the Nation: History, Modernity, and Revolution in Latvia

8075:

Imagining the Nation: History, Modernity, and Revolution in Latvia

7277: 5874: 1883: 1552: 17437: 17432: 17407: 17362: 17342: 17332: 17249: 17244: 17239: 17219: 17199: 17184: 17174: 17139: 17064: 17029: 17009: 17004: 16999: 16994: 16847: 16802: 16762: 16722: 16717: 16707: 16692: 16687: 16682: 16667: 16652: 16642: 16632: 16627: 16468: 16418: 16408: 16398: 16393: 16388: 16366: 16356: 16351: 16293: 16189: 16139: 16129: 16119: 16114: 16109: 16094: 16084: 16079: 15686: 15559: 15542: 15537: 15532: 15395: 15135: 15085: 15045: 15000: 14995: 14985: 14970: 14965: 14960: 14945: 14930: 14925: 14915: 14910: 14905: 14900: 13721:

Post-Cold War Identity Politics – Northern and Baltic Experiences

12555:"Latvia persists in granting independence to its Orthodox Church" 12251:"Latvian is the mother tongue of 64% of the population of Latvia" 11103: 8933: 6372:"Latvian is the mother tongue of 64% of the population of Latvia" 5663:

by one point. Latvia has had many European basketball stars like

4752: 4684: 4634: 4367: 4340: 4297: 4289: 4257: 4253: 4018: 3861:

was won again by the ruling centre-right coalition formed by the

3807: 3799: 3795: 3791: 3759: 3696: 3689: 3682: 3623:

of the government, which has to receive a confidence vote by the

3400:. 56 percent of Latvia's territory is covered by forests, mostly 3302: 3235: 3219: 3211: 3171: 2713:

Most of Latvia's territory is less than 100 m (330 ft)

2695: 2687: 2345: 2130:

After the conclusion of the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact, most of the

1877: 1816: 1786: 1695: 1613: 1582: 1560: 1512: 1490: 1482: 1455: 1439: 1435: 1431: 1087: 1075: 934: 415: 15636: 14125: 10491:"One year on: ISAF's trans-European supply routes are a success" 10298:. Ministry of Foreign Affairs Republic of Latvia. Archived from 10237:"Estonia and Latvia remove Russian ambassadors as tensions rise" 10180: 9949:. Ministry of Foreign Affairs Republic of Latvia. Archived from 9816:. Ministry of Foreign Affairs Republic of Latvia. Archived from 8640: 8638: 8215:"From child refugee to president: Latvia's Vaira Vike-Freiberga" 4465:

Real GPD per capita development of Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania

4269: – air surveillance information system, headquartered near 3269: 2187:

that required the population of Latvia to be cut by 50 percent.

2147:. The Soviet Union incorporated Latvia on 5 August 1940, as the 2029:

convened on 1 May 1920, and adopted a liberal constitution, the

1205:

became the most prominent minority in the country. The peaceful

17412: 17392: 17372: 17306: 17301: 17275: 17204: 17179: 17114: 17109: 17099: 17044: 16888: 16878: 16868: 16842: 16832: 16812: 16792: 16787: 16767: 16697: 16672: 16488: 16458: 16413: 16403: 16378: 16317: 16275: 16209: 16179: 16134: 16124: 16099: 15625: 15608: 15586: 15303: 15181: 15155: 15130: 15120: 15100: 15090: 15075: 15070: 15050: 14990: 14975: 14950: 14884: 14577: 14436: 13763:

The Shadow in the East: Vladimir Putin and the New Baltic Front

11615:"Eurostat – Tables, Graphs and Maps Interface (TGM) table" 10728:. Estonian Public Broadcasting. 9 November 2012. Archived from 10076: 10027:. Nordic Council of Ministers' Office in Latvia. Archived from 9257: 6072:"World Economic Outlook Database, April 2024 Edition. (Latvia)" 5428: 4748: 4441: 4270: 3889: 3607: 3187: 3183: 2591:. Big European events have been celebrated in Riga such as the 2506: 2399: 2361: 1888: 1083: 495: 188: 14222: 12138:"Population by ethnicity at the beginning of year 1935 - 2023" 9633:"Latvia parliament approves PM Maris Kucinskis new government" 8245:"Schengen Area - The 27 Member Countries of the Schengen Zone" 5253: 2200:

units established by the occupation authority participated in

17673:

Members of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization

17296: 17194: 17189: 17124: 17104: 17089: 17014: 16883: 16827: 16757: 16732: 16483: 16448: 16428: 16204: 16169: 16149: 15405: 15115: 15040: 15010: 14314: 14137: 13654: 13619:

Forward to the Past – A Cultural History of the Baltic People

13487: 12899:"The basic indicators of health care, at the end of the year" 12267:. Central Election Commission of Latvia. 2012. Archived from 8671: 8669: 8667: 8635: 8582:"Latvian parliament elects foreign minister as new president" 8522:"European Film Academy: European Film Awards 2014 go to Riga" 8401:"Latvia in the euro zone: national economic outlook for 2014" 7923: 5496: 4285: 3506: 3438: 3405: 3290: 3175: 2887: 2799:

climate that has been described in various sources as either

2726: 2659:

Latvia lies in Northern Europe, on the eastern shores of the

2651:

Latvia lies in Northern Europe, on the eastern shores of the

2316: 2305: 2293: 1516: 1380: 1372: 1311: 1115: 1014: 14155: 13449:

Coping with emigration in Baltic and East European countries

12294: 11190:"Same-sex spouses have EU residence rights, top court rules" 10676:. Ministry of National Defence Republic of Lithuania. 2011. 10650:. Estonian Ministry of Foreign Affairs. 2002. Archived from 9999:"Nordic-Baltic mobility programme for public administration" 9663:"Pro-Russia party wins Latvia election but tough talks loom" 8465:. Global Agricultural Information Network. 26 January 2015. 6534: 5843:, being the first unseeded player to do so in the open era. 5515: 5098:

in Latvia, as well as general instruction in Latvian public

4296:, Latvia and Baltic Naval Communications Training Centre in 2386:

On the Restoration of Independence of the Republic of Latvia

2190:

Under German occupation, Latvia was administered as part of

30:

This article is about the modern state. For other uses, see

17234: 17159: 17134: 17059: 15296: 14167: 13982: 13970: 13274: 13085:(UNESCO: International Music Council, 2006), 95. Online at 11245: 10847:"The Economist Intelligence Unit's Index of Democracy 2008" 10572:(in Latvian). Latvian National Armed Forces. Archived from 10405:(in Latvian). Latvian National Armed Forces. Archived from 10379:(in Latvian). Latvian National Armed Forces. Archived from 10327:(in Latvian). Latvian National Armed Forces. Archived from 9572:"Latvia election: Coalition keeps strong Russian party out" 8044: 5799: 5751:, is the strongest professional basketball club in Latvia. 5503: 5462:

Participants of the Latvian Song and Dance Festival in 2018

5357: 5060:. Another notable language of Latvia is the nearly extinct 5011: 4835: 4710: 4660: 4505: 4478: 4348: 4240: 4197: 4177: 4168: 3987: 3943: 3775: 3191: 2600: 2576: 2564: 2522: 2434:

was allowed greater autonomy, and in 1988, the old pre-war

2349: 2213: 2176: 2096: 1252: 1103: 1026: 1023: 974: 971: 813: 215: 13946: 13087:

http://www.imc-cim.org/programmes/imc_diversity_report.pdf

10756:

Baltic News Network - News from Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia

10752:"Latvian parliament approves of increasing defence budget" 8664: 8077:

State College PA: Pennsylvania State Press, 2010), 41-46.

6248:. The Parliament of the Republic of Latvia. Archived from 6196:. The Parliament of the Republic of Latvia. Archived from 6170:. The Parliament of the Republic of Latvia. Archived from 14203: 14006: 13745:(2nd ed.). New Haven/London: Yale University Press. 8460:"Latvian Presidency of the Council of the European Union" 7216:

A History of the Global Economy. From 1500 to the Present

6220:"Official Language Law, Sections 4, 5 and 18 (Article 4)" 4609: 4580:, the Nobel Laureate in economics for 2008, wrote in his 3992:

Body of European Regulators for Electronic Communications

3420: 3039: 1682:

struggled for supremacy in the eastern Baltic. After the

1667:, the easternmost region of Latvia, became a part of the 962: 900: 14879: 14179: 14025: 13994: 12436: 12434: 12432: 12430: 12428: 12426: 12424: 9338: 8137:"Stories of Statelessness: Latvia and Estonia – IBELONG" 5486:, Latvian artists and writers were forced to follow the 3528:

have been reintroduced, there is now an almost complete

3487:) is Latvia's national bird. Its national insect is the 2002:

Estonian and Latvian forces defeated the Germans at the

1729:

Livonia & Courland in the Russian Empire (1795–1917)

16063: 14191: 13830:

Williams, Nicola; Debra Herrmann; Cathryn Kemp (2003).

11686:"UPDATE 2-IMF hails Latvia effort but sees risks ahead" 10319: 10317: 10131:. State Chancellery, Republic of Latvia. Archived from 9603:"Latvia's Prime Minister Laimdota Straujuma Steps Down" 9512:"Latvia's ruling centre-right coalition wins elections" 5973:. Embassy of Finland, Riga. 9 July 2008. Archived from 5620:

is the country's strongest hockey club, playing in the

4979:

formed about 62.4% of the population, while 23.7% were

4781:

Latvia has three large hydroelectric power stations in

4389:

community, which was guaranteed basic rights under the

3930:

The building of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in Riga

2737:, 311.6 m (1,022 ft). The length of Latvia's 1753:

in 1721, gave Vidzeme to Russia (it became part of the

15519: 11248:"Turpina pieaugt iedzīvotāju atbalsts eiro ieviešanai" 10781: 10779: 10777: 9920:. Estonian Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Archived from 8310:"Latvia Beat the Odds—But the Battle Is Far From Over" 6761:"History of Latvia - Lonely Planet Travel Information" 6004:

Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development

2463:, and the Latvian SSR was renamed Republic of Latvia. 2371: 1765:

until 1772, when it was incorporated into Russia. The

1551:") or Livonia. In 1282, Riga, and later the cities of 1281:

Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development

1217:

on 21 August 1991. Latvia has since been a democratic

14099:

from UCB Libraries GovPubs (archived 11 October 2008)

12421: 11591:. Europa (web portal). 1 October 2010. Archived from 11421:"A bubble burst: the downfall of Latvian real estate" 10544:"Nordic Military Alliance With Latvia in Afghanistan" 9753:"Latvia – EU member country profile | European Union" 9144: 6417:, the Supreme Council adopted a Constitutional law, " 6246:"Official Language Law, Section 3 (Articles 3 and 4)" 4500:, because it was driven mainly by growth of domestic 2821:

Coastal regions, especially the western coast of the

1035: 992: 13383: 12814:. Findarticles.com. 18 November 2005. Archived from 12610: 10973:

Women, Business and the Law 2019: A Decade of Reform

10434:. Council of the European Union. 26 September 2012. 10314: 8155:"The King holds an audience with Latvia's President" 7591:"The Molotov-Ribbentrop pact – archive, August 1939" 4959:

Population of Latvia (in millions) from 1920 to 2014

2698:

to the southeast and 588 km (365 mi) with

2238: 2183:

troops, who were to act in accordance with the Nazi

1285:

Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe

1020: 1017: 1011: 968: 965: 959: 938:

continuous with its declaration of 18 November 1918.

13718: 13635: 10774: 10517:"NATO opens new communication lines to Afghanistan" 8731: 8729: 8370:"Riga – European Capital of Culture (ECoC) in 2014" 8273: 8073:More-detailed discussion in Daina Stukuls Eglitis, 7543:Nicholas Balabkins; Arnolds P. Aizsilnieks (1975). 6102:"Gini coefficient of equivalised disposable income" 5362:

Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies

5094:was gradually discontinued in private colleges and 4539:employees and an annual turnover of at least €10M. 3990:. Latvia hosts one European Union institution, the 2768: Humid continental climate warm summer subtype 1929:proclaimed the independence of the new country and 1921:between Russia and Germany in March 1918, then the 1008: 956: 13888:. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. 13881: 13801: 13177:Traditional and modern Latvian foods and beverages 11732:Public Information Notice (PIN) No. 12/76 by IMF. 10541: 10155:"Enhanced Partnership in Northern Europe (e-PINE)" 10001:. Nordic Council of Ministers' Office in Estonia. 9842:. Ministry of Foreign Affairs Republic of Latvia. 9179:"Латвийская более или менее официальная символика" 7752: 7508: 7506: 7504: 7502: 7104: 4224:: Civil-Military Co-operation in the Netherlands, 3754:) with their own city council and administration: 3631:. The most senior civil servants are the thirteen 13464: 13148: 13083:The Protection and Promotion of Musical Diversity 10079:. Nordic Council of Ministers' Office in Latvia. 9114: 9112: 9067:. Nature Conservation Agency Republic of Latvia. 8825: 8823: 7688: 7686: 7077: 5771:hosts and will be one of the hosts once again in 2690:to the north, 276 km (171 mi) with the 2459:. On 4 May 1990, the Supreme Council adopted the 2111:signed a 10-year non-aggression pact, called the 17658:Member states of the Union for the Mediterranean 17624: 13713:The Baltic States: Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania 13655:Hiden, John; Vahur Made; David J. Smith (2008). 11860:"Satiksmes ceļu garums gada beigās (kilometros)" 11695:. Reuters, 15 March 2010. Retrieved 31 July 2010 11454:Studies in Comparative International Development 8726: 7272: 7270: 7165:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown ( 5286:The country's Orthodox Christians belong to the 4659:The four biggest ports of Latvia are located in 3828:Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics 2599:. On 1 July 2016, Latvia became a member of the 2521:The major goals of Latvia in the 1990s, to join 13621:. Budapest: Central European University Press. 12838:"Latvia has worst health care system in Europe" 11936:. Centrālais Statistikas Birojs. Archived from 11934:"Reģistrēto automobiļu skaits ceturkšņa beigās" 11246:Apollo, redakcija@apollo.lv (2 December 2013). 10726:"Joint Baltic Military Staff to Be Established" 10077:"Nordic Council of Ministers' Office in Latvia" 8012: 7726:, Rowman & Littlefield, Landham, Md, 2008, 7499: 7145:"Collector Coin Dedicated to 18th Century Riga" 6953: 5302:. As of 2004, there were more than 600 Latvian 4481:became the country's currency, superseding the 4086:Presidency of the Council of the European Union 4029:. Latvia is a member of the interparliamentary 2675:(a small area is north of 58°), and longitudes 2552:most state-owned industries, reintroducing the 2516: 2406:In the second half of the 1980s, Soviet leader 2072:German occupation of Latvia during World War II 1884:Declaration of independence and interwar period 71: 16972:Organisation internationale de la Francophonie 13905:Russia's European Agenda and the Baltic States 11160:"Latvia: Investigate Attacks on Gay Activists" 10598:. U.S. Department of State. 18 November 2011. 9894:. U.S. Department of State. 18 November 2011. 9109: 8820: 7683: 7433:"Kārlis Ulmanis | Valsts prezidenta kanceleja" 6789: 6194:"Official Language Law, Section 3 (Article 1)" 5312:(The Godskeepers), whose religion is based on 2245:Occupation of Latvia by Soviet Union 1944–1945 1856:in literature and society became known as the 1777:, bringing all of what is now Latvia into the 1583:Reformation period and Polish and Swedish rule 1173:independence was interrupted at the outset of 86: 17479:Agence de Coopération Culturelle et Technique 16956: 16535: 16261: 16049: 15652: 15505: 14865: 14282: 13566: 13507:(2nd ed.). Lanham: The Scarecrow Press. 13339: 12901:. Csb.gov.lv. 22 January 2010. Archived from 11671: 11669: 11667: 11362: 11106:. University of Twente Student Theses. 2011. 10053:. Nordic Council of Ministers. Archived from 9975:. Nordic Council of Ministers. Archived from 9723:"Evika Siliņa is Latvia's new prime minister" 7267: 6881:"Sweden, the nation's history | WorldCat.org" 5320:which would include the Patriarch of Moscow. 5030:Latvia, or apply to become Latvian citizens. 2745:is situated in the northwest of the country. 2084:Latvian anti-Nazi resistance movement 1941–45 593:64,589 km (24,938 sq mi) ( 145: 56: 15231:autonomous country of the Kingdom of Denmark 13384:Cimdiņa, Ausma; Deniss Hanovs, eds. (2011). 13183:. The Association of Latvian Rural Tourism. 12750:. World Intellectual Property Organization. 12166:. Latvian Academy of Culture. Archived from 11639: 11530:. World Intellectual Property Organization. 10943:"Statistics of the Human Development Report" 9260:"The New Red List of the molluscs of Latvia" 9091:"2012 Environmental Performance Index (EPI)" 9005:"Gauja National Park travel – Lonely Planet" 8092: 8090: 7147:. Archived from the original on 19 July 2010 7111:. Greenwood Publishing Group. pp. 29–. 6831: 5514:Starting in 2019 Latvia hosts the inaugural 5372:is another significant centre of education. 4504:, financed by a serious increase of private 2694:to the east, 161 km (100 mi) with 2103:Early in the morning of 24 August 1939, the 1876:, which took a nationalist character in the 1757:). The Latgale region remained part of the 17520:Prix des cinq continents de la francophonie 14417:Latvian Soviet Socialist Republic 1944–1991 13719:Lehti, Marko; David J. Smith, eds. (2003). 12869:"Latvian Health Official Resigns Over Cuts" 12866: 12494:"Statistics of approved parishes in Latvia" 11758:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( 11704: 10817:"Freedom in the World – Latvia (2008)" 10296:"Participation in International operations" 9294:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( 7718: 7716: 7624:Text of the Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact 7213: 6066: 6064: 6062: 6060: 5938:(11th ed.). Riga: Atēna. p. 268. 5230:(79%). The largest groups as of 2011 were: 4543:Economic contraction and recovery (2008–12) 3654: 2579:as the currency of the country and Latvian 2308:) in the post-war years from 1945 to 1952. 2292:On 25 March 1949, 43,000 rural residents (" 1972:; and the Provisional government headed by 1627:and the largest city in the Swedish Empire. 1521:a crusade against pagans in Northern Europe 1519:beliefs. Pope Celestine III had called for 17688:States and territories established in 1991 17683:States and territories established in 1918 17668:Member states of the Three Seas Initiative 17474:Assemblée parlementaire de la Francophonie 16963: 16949: 16542: 16528: 16268: 16254: 16056: 16042: 15659: 15645: 15512: 15498: 14872: 14858: 14289: 14275: 13723:. London/Portland: Frank Cass Publishers. 13571:. Stockholm: Latvian National Foundation. 13486:Meyendorff, Alexander Feliksovich (1922). 13485: 13344:. Stockholm: Latvian National Foundation. 13301:"Pajon, Strombergs win Olympic BMX Finals" 13173: 12747:Global Innovation Index 2023, 15th Edition 11664: 9947:"Co-operation of Baltic and Nordic States" 9782:Bank, European Central (31 January 2023). 8786:. Global Water Partnership. Archived from 8340:"Riga mourns Maxima roof collapse victims" 8097:Eglitis, Daina Stukuls (1 November 2010). 7218:. Cambridge University Press. p. 50. 6809:. University of Washington. Archived from 6496:. The Ethnohistory Project. Archived from 6348:. www.travelsignposts.com. 14 March 2015. 5926: 5924: 5022:the centuries of Russian and Soviet rule. 4802:Inčukalns underground gas storage facility 4427:is constitutionally prohibited in Latvia. 4025:, and Nordic-Baltic co-operation with the 3934:Latvia is a member of the United Nations, 3473:) its national flower. The white wagtail ( 1913:, until a power vacuum was created by the 1864:began in Latgale after the Polish led the 1326:), which formed the ethnic core of modern 178: 16600:Commission against Racism and Intolerance 13879: 13692: 13402: 11451: 9814:"Diplomatic and Consular Representations" 9382: 9364: 9162: 8954:. Latvian Institute. 2002. Archived from 8760: 8758: 8087: 7618: 7616: 6638: 6636: 6634: 6632: 6630: 6628: 6607:Kingdoms of Northern Europe – Latvia 6437:. Latvian Institute. 2012. Archived from 4280:Joint military educational institutions: 3784:historical and cultural regions in Latvia 3392:, the territory of Latvia belongs to the 2061: 765: 185:Location of Latvia (dark green) 16595:Commission for the Efficiency of Justice 15453:which has sovereignty over Vatican City. 13902: 13673: 13428: 13342:The Story of Latvia: A Historical Survey 12607:"Riga Polytechnical Institute Home Page" 10913:"The 2007 International Privacy Ranking" 9267:Faculty of Biology, University of Latvia 8980:. Eurostat Commission. 25 October 2013. 8613:"Istanbul convention ratified by Saeima" 7713: 7660: 7245:"Latvian national awakening (1860-1918)" 6835:Culture and Customs of the Baltic States 6057: 6000:"Surface water and surface water change" 5965: 5963: 5930: 5875:Social Statistics Department of Latvia. 5634: 5584: 5457: 5414: 5339: 5323: 5252: 5044:The sole official language of Latvia is 4954: 4633: 4552: 4460: 4440: 4413:High Commissioner on National Minorities 4339: 4116: 4105: 4004: 3925: 3826:, established in accordance with the EU 3701: 3658: 3637: 3268: 3149: 2646: 2587:. In 2015 Latvia held the presidency of 2488: 2430:. The Latvian SSR, along with the other 2389: 2310: 2256: 2155: 2087: 1887: 1832:and an increasingly influential Latvian 1810: 1612: 1586: 1481: 1303:is derived from the name of the ancient 17484:Agence universitaire de la Francophonie 13834:(3rd ed.). London: Lonely Planet. 13780: 13657:The Baltic Question during the Cold War 13583: 13540: 13521: 13502: 11830:"Basic company information | airBaltic" 11797: 11795: 11707:"Baltic Business News, 8 February 2010" 11553: 11551: 11549: 11214: 10429:"EU Battlegroup Offers and Commitments" 8768:. Liepājas Universitāte. Archived from 8398: 8096: 7658: 7656: 7654: 7652: 7650: 7648: 7646: 7644: 7642: 7640: 7549:. Exposition Press. pp. xiv, 143. 7180: 5921: 5592:during the 2006 IIHF World Championship 4848:Residents of Latvia by ethnicity (2021) 2603:. In May 2023, the parliament elected 1773:, was annexed by Russia in 1795 in the 1671:of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. 1529:decline and fall of the Crusader States 1511:, in 1184, traveling with merchants to 14: 17625: 13783:A Concise History of the Baltic States 13759: 13737: 13616: 13588:. Rīga: Karšu izdevniecība Jāņa sēta. 13545:. Stanford: Hoover Institution Press. 13221:from the original on 23 September 2019 12587:from the original on 22 September 2022 12474:from the original on 19 September 2010 12192:. Central Statistical Bureau of Latvia 12062:from the original on 21 September 2013 11910:. Latvijas Valsts ceļi. Archived from 11401:from the original on 30 September 2009 10441:from the original on 22 September 2013 9794:from the original on 10 September 2023 9763:from the original on 12 September 2023 9733:from the original on 18 September 2023 8755: 8610: 7664: 7613: 7349:from the original on 11 September 2023 7239: 7237: 7235: 7001:from the original on 25 September 2022 6804: 6625: 6419:On statehood of the Republic of Latvia 5883:from the original on 28 September 2023 5841:2017 French Open Women's singles title 5812:has participated successfully in both 5802:tournament participation has been the 3535:also including moose, deer, and wolf. 3455:) are Latvia's national trees and the 2702:to the south. The total length of its 2160:German soldiers enter Riga, July 1941. 1936:The General representative of Germany 16944: 16549: 16523: 16249: 16037: 15640: 15493: 14853: 14840: 14380:Occupation by the Soviet Union (1940) 14270: 13971:Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Latvia 13799: 13311:from the original on 18 November 2017 13251:from the original on 11 December 2014 13208: 13174:Ošiņa, Sandra; Ošiņš, Valdis (2014). 12951:"Welcome to Latvia – Folk Songs" 12353:from the original on 27 December 2018 12144:from the original on 21 December 2022 12030:from the original on 9 September 2022 12000:from the original on 9 September 2022 11970:from the original on 9 September 2022 11840:from the original on 25 February 2023 11043:from the original on 31 December 2019 10083:from the original on 30 December 2013 10005:from the original on 13 November 2013 9339:Grantham, H. S.; et al. (2020). 9276:from the original on 29 February 2024 9045:from the original on 22 February 2019 9035:"Rāzna National Park | Latvia Travel" 8889:. Rīga: Jāņa sēta. 2004. p. 13. 8841:from the original on 3 September 2022 8350:from the original on 1 September 2023 8320:from the original on 1 September 2023 7802:"History of Latvia: A brief synopsis" 7571:from the original on 12 November 2012 7382:from the original on 27 November 2020 7306: 6912:"Truce of Altmark, 12 September 1629" 6701:"German crusader states (until 1561)" 6567:from the original on 16 February 2024 6466:. The University of Texas at Austin. 5960: 5870: 5868: 5235:Evangelical Lutheran Church of Latvia 2164:The Soviets dealt harshly with their 1806: 1375:established trade routes to Rome and 1053: 16018: 14841: 14360:The First Latvian National Awakening 14103:Key Development Forecasts for Latvia 13849: 13636:Hiden, John; Patrick Salmon (1991). 13281:from the original on 5 February 2016 12772:from the original on 22 October 2023 12743: 12665:from the original on 29 January 2019 12561:from the original on 3 November 2023 12522: 12323:from the original on 23 January 2019 12319:. Deutsche Welle. 8 September 2018. 11792: 11780:from the original on 26 October 2023 11621:from the original on 1 November 2014 11546: 11304:"Growth rate of real GDP per capita" 10983:from the original on 14 October 2019 10953:from the original on 12 January 2013 10947:United Nations Development Programme 10602:from the original on 22 January 2017 10542:Gerard O'Dwyer (13 September 2012). 10187:from the original on 8 November 2013 10161:from the original on 22 October 2022 9898:from the original on 22 January 2017 9781: 9600: 9310:"Top 20 Most Common Trees in Latvia" 9015:from the original on 11 October 2017 8984:from the original on 31 October 2013 8921:from the original on 6 February 2020 8861:"The climate and weather conditions" 8708:"Geographical Data – Key Indicators" 8225:from the original on 3 February 2020 8117:from the original on 19 January 2023 7842:from the original on 7 February 2021 7637: 7443:from the original on 18 October 2021 7288:from the original on 22 October 2022 7019: 6988: 6891:from the original on 8 December 2023 6852:from the original on 19 January 2023 6698: 6139:United Nations Development Programme 5909:from the original on 28 January 2023 5541:and the Russian National Orchestra. 5294:. In 2011, there were 416 religious 5290:, a semi-autonomous body within the 4838:, capital and largest city of Latvia 4397:ratified by the Latvian government. 3915: 3833: 2123:; on 17 September, the Soviet Union 17663:Member states of the United Nations 17653:Member states of the European Union 14296: 13876:(Edinburgh University Press, 2016). 13359:History of Latvia: the 20th century 13190:from the original on 31 August 2021 12953:. Li.lv. 1 May 2006. Archived from 12695:from the original on 13 August 2019 12409:from the original on 3 October 2023 12383:from the original on 16 August 2018 12231:from the original on 11 August 2023 11740:from the original on 17 August 2012 11130:"Amnesty International Report 2009" 11110:from the original on 19 August 2014 9868:. Latvian Institute. Archived from 9492:from the original on 5 January 2017 9409:. Latvian Institute. Archived from 8739:. Latvian Institute. Archived from 8623:from the original on 2 January 2024 8399:Traykov, Peter (15 February 2014). 8055:from the original on 2 January 2022 8025:from the original on 9 January 2019 7232: 7059:from the original on 8 October 2022 6909: 6731:"Terra Mariana. 1186 – 1888 (2015)" 6711:from the original on 26 August 2022 6609:. The History Files. Archived from 6112:from the original on 9 October 2020 5397:The Latvian healthcare system is a 5083:On 18 February 2012, Latvia held a 4679:is one of the busiest ports in the 4642:is one of the busiest ports in the 4292:, Baltic Diving Training Centre in 3974:(1921–1946). Latvia is part of the 3650:, the parliament of Latvia, in Riga 2575:and adopted the EU single currency 2372:Restoration of independence in 1991 2068:Soviet occupation of Latvia in 1940 1743:capitulation of Estonia and Livonia 24: 12931:from the original on 8 August 2021 11652:from the original on 28 April 2019 11391:"Latvian economy in rapid decline" 11217:"Latvia defies EU over gay rights" 10797:from the original on 21 April 2020 10787:"2008 Human Rights Report: Latvia" 10762:from the original on 22 April 2022 9846:from the original on 28 April 2012 9235:. Nature of Latvia. Archived from 9126:from the original on 8 August 2017 9071:from the original on 26 April 2012 9002: 8611:Kincis, Jānis (30 November 2023). 8288:10.1002/j.1538-165X.2009.tb00657.x 8255:from the original on 20 March 2021 8045:"Flag Log's World Flag Chart 1991" 7524:from the original on 20 April 2010 7413:from the original on 19 March 2022 7367: 7125:from the original on 27 April 2016 6832:O'Connor, Kevin (3 October 2006). 6771:from the original on 26 March 2020 6494:The European Ethnohistory Database 6470:from the original on 5 August 2011 6305:from the original on 17 April 2021 6148:from the original on 13 March 2024 6132:"Human Development Report 2023/24" 6010:from the original on 24 March 2021 5865: 5226:The largest religion in Latvia is 5072:, which enjoys protection by law; 4806:underground gas storage facilities 4584:Op-Ed column on 15 December 2008: 4549:2008–2010 Latvian financial crisis 4190:Common Security and Defence Policy 4176:operation in Iraq (2003–2008) and 3712:Administrative divisions of Latvia 3706:Administrative divisions of Latvia 3627:. This system also existed before 3186:, the largest spawning ground for 2321:Museum of the Occupation of Latvia 1958:Inter-Allied Commission of Control 1591:The Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth 1469: 1415:), as well as the Finnic tribe of 1157:. The country became increasingly 191: (green & dark grey) 25: 17699: 16930:Serbia and Montenegro (2003–2006) 15666: 14168:State Agency of Cultural Heritage 13923: 13425:(Cornell University Press, 2018). 13130:from the original on 27 July 2019 13058:from the original on 6 April 2020 13052:Latvian Song & Dance Festival 12987:from the original on 6 March 2023 12659:Izglītības un zinātnes ministrija 12108:"Country Comparison to the World" 11684:Patrick Lannin and Aija Braslina 11640:Paul Krugman (15 December 2008). 11433:from the original on 17 July 2022 11254:from the original on 4 April 2014 11170:from the original on 10 June 2009 11093:, CRI(2008)2. See paras. 118, 132 10791:United States Department of State 10680:from the original on 23 July 2012 10471:from the original on 12 July 2012 10217:from the original on 12 June 2018 9703:from the original on 25 June 2021 9643:from the original on 25 June 2021 9613:from the original on 25 June 2021 9552:from the original on 25 June 2021 9522:from the original on 29 July 2020 8562:from the original on 21 July 2016 8532:from the original on 25 June 2021 8502:from the original on 7 April 2021 8472:from the original on 28 June 2021 8440:from the original on 25 June 2021 8380:from the original on 25 June 2021 8374:Diversity of Cultural Expressions 8139:. 12 January 2015. Archived from 7782:from the original on 22 June 2021 7758:Stalin: The Court of the Red Tsar 7724:Stalin and the Cold War in Europe 7601:from the original on 27 June 2021 7307:Ijabs, Ivars (20 November 2018). 7282:National History Museum of Latvia 7255:from the original on 9 April 2022 7105:Kevin O'Connor (1 January 2003). 6922:from the original on 22 July 2019 6650:from the original on 1 April 2010 6391:. 3 December 2015. Archived from 6352:from the original on 2 April 2015 5735:. Former Latvian basketball club 5624:. The national tournament is the 5531:Bavarian Radio Symphony Orchestra 4624: 4196:for transportation of non-lethal 4017:co-operation with its neighbours 2394:Barricade in Riga to prevent the 2331:. An extensive program to impose 2249:Latvian Soviet Socialist Republic 2239:Soviet era (1940–1941, 1944–1991) 2150:Latvian Soviet Socialist Republic 1989:("Baltic Defence Force") and the 197: (green) – [ 17569: 17568: 17070:Democratic Republic of the Congo 16333: 16218: 16017: 16008: 16007: 15833: 15705: 15692: 15679: 15471: 15460: 15459: 15154: 14435: 14251: 14241: 14204:Latvian Music Information Centre 13808:. New York: St. Martin's Press. 13603: 13561:Latvia: the challenges of change 13559:Pabriks, Artis, and Aldis Purs. 13293: 13263: 13233: 13202: 13167: 13149:Pīgozne-Brinkmane, Leva (2004). 13142: 13116: 13098: 13070: 13040: 13021: 12999: 12969: 12943: 12917: 12891: 12879:from the original on 11 May 2011 12860: 12848:from the original on 11 May 2011 12830: 12804: 12737: 12707: 12677: 12647: 12625: 12599: 12573: 12547: 12535:from the original on 19 May 2022 12516: 12486: 12460: 12395: 12365: 12335: 12309: 12283: 12257: 12243: 12217: 12204: 12182: 12156: 12130: 12100: 12074: 12042: 12012: 11982: 11952: 11926: 11900: 11874: 11852: 11822: 11774:"MACROECONOMIC REVIEW OF LATVIA" 11766: 11725: 11698: 11678: 11633: 11607: 11581: 11569:from the original on 2 July 2021 11534:from the original on 20 May 2018 11520: 11488: 11445: 11413: 11383: 11356: 11326: 11296: 11284:from the original on 1 July 2017 11266: 11239: 11208: 11182: 11152: 11122: 11096: 11074: 11055: 11025: 10995: 10965: 10935: 10905: 10875: 10839: 10809: 10744: 10718: 10692: 10666: 10640: 10614: 10588: 10562: 10535: 10523:from the original on 16 May 2013 10509: 10497:from the original on 15 May 2013 10483: 10453: 10421: 10395: 10369: 10343: 10255: 10243:from the original on 31 May 2023 10229: 10199: 10173: 10147: 10121: 10095: 10069: 10043: 10017: 9991: 9965: 9910: 9884: 9858: 9832: 9806: 9775: 9745: 9715: 9685: 9673:from the original on 8 June 2021 9655: 9625: 9594: 9582:from the original on 4 June 2021 9564: 9534: 9504: 9475: 9443: 9425: 9399: 9332: 9320:from the original on 6 June 2024 9302: 9251: 9225: 9201: 9171: 9138: 9083: 9057: 9027: 8996: 8970: 8903: 8879: 8853: 8794: 8776: 8604: 8592:from the original on 3 June 2023 8574: 8552:"Latvia's accession to the OECD" 8544: 8514: 8484: 7400: 7195:from the original on 9 July 2021 7108:The History of the Baltic States 6644:"Latvian History, Lonely Planet" 6226:from the original on 5 July 2019 5846:In Futsal, Latvia will host the 5645:Latvian national basketball team 4970: 4824: 4508:, as well as a negative foreign 4039:Council of the Baltic Sea States 3964:Council of the Baltic Sea States 3567: 3560: 3414:Forest Landscape Integrity Index 3078:31.5 inHg (1,066.7 mb) 2776: 2757: 2583:was named vice-president of the 2348:, electrotechnical factories in 1767:Duchy of Courland and Semigallia 1661:Duchy of Courland and Semigallia 1601:Duchy of Courland and Semigallia 1265:Council of the Baltic Sea States 1165:established the dictatorship of 1004: 952: 790: 789: 764: 742: 741: 723: 722: 690: 689: 671: 670: 159: 124: 110: 14400:Soviet deportations from Latvia 14223:Official Latvian Tourism Portal 13766:. London: Bloomsbury Academic. 13526:. Lanham: The Scarecrow Press. 13505:Historical Dictionary of Latvia 13327: 12470:. Mongabay.com. 18 March 1987. 11862:. Centrālais Statistikas Birojs 11508:from the original on 5 May 2017 11367:. Bloomberg L.P. Archived from 11215:Sheeter, Laura (16 June 2006). 11196:from the original on 8 May 2019 10213:. European Union. 5 July 2016. 9784:"Latvia (since 1 January 2014)" 9601:Kaža, Juris (5 December 2015). 9472:(Retrieved on 18 November 2011) 8863:. Latvia.travel. Archived from 8831:"Climate and weather in Latvia" 8452: 8423: 8392: 8362: 8332: 8302: 8267: 8237: 8207: 8177: 8147: 8129: 8067: 8037: 8006: 7997: 7988: 7979: 7970: 7961: 7952: 7917: 7908: 7899: 7890: 7881: 7854: 7824: 7794: 7764: 7746: 7737: 7704: 7695: 7583: 7536: 7490: 7481: 7455: 7425: 7403:"1905. gada revolūcija Latvijā" 7394: 7361: 7300: 7207: 7174: 7137: 7098: 7071: 7039: 7013: 6982: 6947: 6934: 6903: 6873: 6864: 6825: 6798: 6783: 6753: 6723: 6692: 6676:. 22 March 2006. Archived from 6662: 6595: 6579: 6528: 6512: 6482: 6456: 6424: 6407: 6378: 6364: 6346:"Weather information in Latvia" 6338: 6317: 6287: 6264: 6238: 6212: 6186: 6160: 5835:In 2017, Latvian tennis player 5804:2004 UEFA European Championship 5786:, tennis, volleyball, cycling, 5767:in 2013. Latvia was one of the 5683:, as well as the first Latvian 5468:Latvian Song and Dance Festival 4811: 4477:(2004). On 1 January 2014, the 4395:international human rights laws 4323: 4312:, the defence framework of the 4264:Baltic Air Surveillance Network 4134:Nacionālie bruņotie spēki (NAF) 3277:is the national bird of Latvia. 3264: 3247:Environmental Performance Index 2457:March 1990 democratic elections 2448:Occupation of the Baltic states 2052:Ulmanis staged a bloodless coup 1941:November 1918 to 13 July 1919. 1090:to the southeast, and shares a 929:also have special legal status. 913:is the sole official language. 638:29.6/km (76.7/sq mi) ( 17510:International Francophonie Day 14050:Britannica Online Encyclopedia 14038:European Union country profile 13880:Commercio, Michele E. (2010). 13832:Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania 13678:. London: Palgrave Macmillan. 13676:A History of the Baltic States 13407:. Cambridge University Press. 13028:23rd All Latvian Song Festival 13011:Global Society for Latvian Art 12082:"Live births outside marriage" 11884:. Rail Baltica. Archived from 11033:"Datubāze - izvēlēties tabulu" 9463:(Official English translation) 8646:"Agriculture – Key Indicators" 7181:Lazdins, Janiz (2 July 2011). 6838:. Greenwood Publishing Group. 6124: 6094: 6022: 5992: 5895: 5796:Latvian national football team 5439:, especially the dance of the 5336:List of universities in Latvia 5275:, and to the influence of the 5090:From 2019, instruction in the 4693:is the busiest airport in the 4570:inflation was running at 10%. 4561:Boeing 757−200WL takes off at 3145: 3130:34 m/s, up to 48 m/s 3094:27.5 inHg (931.3 mb) 3019:Month with the most days with 1785:and their own parliament, the 1771:Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth 1759:Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth 1649:Ducatus Livoniae Ultradunensis 1609:Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth 1423:) speaking a Finnic language. 1349:from "Letonia" and in several 921:and has special legal status. 433:Unitary parliamentary republic 13: 1: 16590:Commissioner for Human Rights 15415:country of the United Kingdom 13543:The Latvians: A Short History 13209:Gross, Daina (10 June 2016). 13106:"World Choir Games Riga 2014" 12377:Public Broadcasting of Latvia 11363:Aaron Eglitis (11 May 2009). 11003:"Country Report 2008 Edition" 10648:"Baltic Defence Co-operation" 10546:. DefenseNews. Archived from 8617:Public Broadcasting of Latvia 7375:Latvian National Encyclopedia 6413:On 21 August 1991, after the 6386:"History of Latvia 1918-1940" 5934:(2007). Ojārs Kalniņš (ed.). 5858: 5778:Other popular sports include 5535:Israel Philharmonic Orchestra 5482:After incorporation into the 5058:Indo-European language family 4699:Liepāja International Airport 4194:Northern Distribution Network 3962:. It is also a member of the 3824:Statistical regions of Latvia 3726:Statistical regions of Latvia 3315:Non-marine molluscs of Latvia 2970:Highest monthly precipitation 2663:and northwestern part of the 2589:Council of the European Union 2529:, were achieved in 2004. The 2484:no citizenship of any country 16278:European Economic Area (EEA) 15602:Warmian–Masurian Voivodeship 13983:Statistical Office of Latvia 13569:Latvia: Country & People 13471:. Fordham University Press. 13388:. Rīga: Zinātne Publishers. 12867:David Jolly (18 June 2009). 12685:"Latvijas Zinātņu Akadēmija" 12444:(in Latvian). Archived from 11501:. Internal Revenue Service. 11496:"TAX CONVENTION WITH LATVIA" 10979:(Report). 27 February 2019. 10157:. U.S. Department of State. 9407:"National Symbols of Latvia" 9122:. Global Footprint Network. 8887:Latvijas ģeogrāfijas atlants 7665:Buttar, Prit (21 May 2013). 7332:10.1080/00905992.2013.823391 6944:, 1985, Vol. 29, pp. 188–199 6805:Ceaser, Ray A. (June 2001). 5659:, after losing the final to 5630:2006 IIHF World Championship 5626:Latvian Hockey Higher League 5622:Latvian Hockey Higher League 4629: 4354:According to the reports by 4136:) of Latvia consists of the 3730:Historical regions of Latvia 3338:), white-backed woodpecker ( 2986:Lowest monthly precipitation 2925:1,007 mm (39.6 in) 2622: 2593:Eurovision Song Contest 2003 2517:Since joining the EU in 2004 2445:adopted a resolution on the 2226:308th Latvian Rifle Division 1294: 1195:re-occupation by the Soviets 7: 17266:French Community of Belgium 15883:Baltic Council of Ministers 15803:Under Soviet rule (1944-91) 15592:West Pomeranian Voivodeship 14256:Geographic data related to 14091:Central Intelligence Agency 13800:Smith, Graham, ed. (1994). 13785:. Cambridge: Cambridge UP. 13567:Rutkis, Jānis, ed. (1967). 13492:. In Chisholm, Hugh (ed.). 12525:"Dievturība (neo-paganism)" 12112:Central Intelligence Agency 11960:"Daugava hydropower plants" 8677:"Forestry – Key Indicators" 8526:www.europeanfilmacademy.org 8276:Political Science Quarterly 6553:10.12697/jeful.2021.12.2.02 6080:International Monetary Fund 6040:Central Intelligence Agency 5516:Riga Jurmala Music Festival 5105: 5033: 4208:Since March 2004, when the 4095: 4088:in the first half of 2015. 4063:Baltic Sea Region Programme 4057:Latvia participates in the 4052:Nordic Council of Ministers 4035:Baltic Council of Ministers 3922:Foreign relations of Latvia 3871:Union of Greens and Farmers 3538: 3091:Lowest atmospheric pressure 2954:Highest daily precipitation 2938:Lowest yearly precipitation 2873:−43.2 °C (−46 °F) 2569:European Capital of Culture 2471:The Popular Front of Latvia 2196:. Latvian paramilitary and 2008:West Russian Volunteer Army 1909:were initially confined to 1815:Latvians national rally in 1623:Riga became the capital of 1269:International Monetary Fund 10: 17704: 16915:Czechoslovakia (1991–1992) 16499: 16229: 15769:by the Soviet Union (1944) 15759:by the Soviet Union (1940) 15263:British Overseas Territory 14881:Countries and dependencies 14390:by the Soviet Union (1944) 14180:National Library of Latvia 14152:(archived 18 January 2013) 13465:Lumans, Valdis O. (2006). 12055:. UNECE. 24 January 2007. 11274:"New currency, new leader" 10883:"Press Freedom Index 2010" 9366:10.1038/s41467-020-19493-3 7324:Cambridge University Press 6490:"Data: 3000 BC to 1500 BC" 6415:Soviet coup d'état attempt 5731:, who last played for the 5578: 5548: 5544: 5408: 5404: 5390: 5333: 5327: 5109: 5037: 5002:In some cities, including 4815: 4774: 4691:Riga International Airport 4649: 4563:Riga International Airport 4546: 4469:Latvia is a member of the 4434: 4430: 4333: 4327: 4310:Nordic Defence Cooperation 4222:NATO Centres of Excellence 4099: 3919: 3812:planning regions of Latvia 3802:, which are recognised in 3722:Planning regions of Latvia 3715: 3709: 3542: 3006:126 cm (49.6 in) 2973:330 mm (13.0 in) 2941:384 mm (15.1 in) 2857:37.8 °C (100 °F) 2748: 2632: 2626: 2443:Supreme Soviet of the USSR 2375: 2275:Latvian national partisans 2242: 2193:Reichskommissariat Ostland 2065: 1927:People's Council of Latvia 1594: 1360: 1356: 1197:in 1944, which formed the 1177:, beginning with Latvia's 1096:temperate seasonal climate 36: 29: 27:Country in Northern Europe 17564: 17543: 17492: 17466: 17446: 17320: 17284: 17259:National/regional members 17258: 16987: 16978: 16907: 16861: 16618: 16557: 16497: 16342: 16331: 16284: 16227: 16216: 16075: 16003: 15957: 15916: 15870: 15842: 15831: 15721: 15674: 15528: 15432: 15388: 15363: 15338: 15325: 15272: 15248: 15241: 15218: 15205: 15163: 15152: 14891: 14847: 14805: 14728: 14675: 14666: 14609: 14600: 14499: 14490: 14453: 14444: 14433: 14305: 14247:Wikimedia Atlas of Latvia 13903:Šleivyte, Janina (2010). 13857:Journal of Baltic Studies 13781:Plakans, Andrejs (2011). 13693:Jacobsson, Bengt (2009). 13674:Kasekamp, Andres (2010). 13586:Latvijas vēstures atlants 13541:Plakans, Andrejs (1995). 13522:Plakans, Andrejs (2010). 13503:Plakans, Andrejs (1998). 13403:Dreifelds, Juris (1996). 13333: 13033:22 September 2013 at the 12927:. Healthcare-in-Europea. 12635:. Csb.gov.lv. 17 May 2010 11466:10.1007/s12116-007-9013-5 11192:. BBC News. 5 June 2018. 10887:Reporters Without Borders 10596:"Background Note: Latvia" 10263:"Aizsardzības ministrija" 9892:"Background Note: Latvia" 7938:10.1080/01629770100000191 7926:Journal of Baltic Studies 7634:, executed 23 August 1939 7092:10.1080/01629778700000141 7080:Journal of Baltic Studies 6968:10.1080/01629779900000031 6956:Journal of Baltic Studies 6860:– via Google Books. 6794:(in German). Berichthaus. 5539:London Symphony Orchestra 5470:is an important event in 5386: 5354:Riga Technical University 5217: 5206: 5201: 5193: 5188: 5178: 5173: 5163: 5158: 5148: 5143: 5133: 5129: 5125: 5121:Religion in Latvia (2011) 5120: 5085:constitutional referendum 5050:Baltic language sub-group 5040:Language policy in Latvia 4946: 4938: 4933: 4925: 4920: 4912: 4907: 4899: 4894: 4886: 4881: 4873: 4868: 4860: 4856: 4852: 4847: 4770: 4598:Moody's Investors Service 4226:Cooperative Cyber Defence 3970:. It was a member of the 3852:collapse at a supermarket 3332:), lesser spotted eagle ( 2957:160 mm (6.3 in) 2834:Weather records in Latvia 2667:(EEC), between latitudes 2615:, otherwise known as the 2597:European Film Awards 2014 2264:soldiers in front of the 1962:Latvian Soviet government 1917:in 1917, followed by the 1775:Third Partition of Poland 1655:, the last Master of the 1082:to the south. It borders 1070:. It is one of the three 906: 894: 882: 870: 846: 828: 809: 779: 754: 735: 716: 702: 683: 664: 646: 632: 618: 611: 601: 587: 580: 576: 561: 546: 536: 523: 519: 501: 491: 487: 472: 457: 442: 438: 426: 414: 350: 276: 262: 252: 208: 177: 140: 106: 48: 17055:Central African Republic 15970:Baltic Basketball League 15896:Air Surveillance Network 15520:Countries bordering the 14504:Administrative divisions 14108:24 February 2021 at the 14062:BBC News country profile 13976:30 December 2014 at the 13952:17 December 2010 at the 13429:Ģērmanis, Uldis (2007). 13037:. Retrieved 7 March 2007 12609:. Rtu.lv. Archived from 11709:. Bbn.ee. Archived from 11642:"European Crass Warfare" 9757:european-union.europa.eu 9621:– via www.wsj.com. 9164:10.3390/resources7030058 8952:"Nature and Environment" 7630:14 November 2014 at the 6053:(Archived 2022 edition.) 5853: 5755:, which participates in 5574: 5370:University of Daugavpils 5366:Riga Stradiņš University 4525:World Trade Organization 4489:used for the bailout of 4471:World Trade Organization 4385:The country has a large 4110:Naval Forces minehunter 4075:U.S. Department of State 4033:, the intergovernmental 3718:List of cities in Latvia 3655:Administrative divisions 3605:Latvian parliament, the 2992:Large parts of territory 2895:Large parts of territory 2513:radar station in 1998. 2352:, chemical factories in 1858:First National Awakening 1769:, a vassal state of the 1641:Grand Duchy of Lithuania 1289:World Trade Organization 1243:. It is a member of the 1130:as their native tongue. 17515:Jeux de la Francophonie 16925:Saar (assoc. 1950–1956) 16575:Parliamentary Assembly 16570:Committee of Ministers 15947:Human Development Index 15784:Operation Priboi (1949) 15779:June deportation (1941) 15419:British-Irish Agreement 14529:Government institutions 14156:Livonian Culture Portal 13940:10 October 2006 at the 13760:Naylor, Aliide (2020). 13584:Turlajs, Jānis (2012). 13495:Encyclopædia Britannica 13007:"Historical Background" 12468:"Latvia – SOCIETY" 11691:11 January 2012 at the 11617:. European Commission. 11067:29 January 2012 at the 10181:"About Rīga Conference" 10129:"Northern Future Forum" 9468:5 December 2013 at the 9458:25 October 2007 at the 8911:"2019 the warmest year" 8804:. RPIVA. Archived from 7407:Nacionālā enciklopēdija 7052:Encyclopædia Britannica 6790:Johann Sehwers (1918). 6332: 6328: 6282: 6274: 5628:, held since 1931. The 5421:historic Centre of Riga 5381:Global Innovation Index 5292:Russian Orthodox Church 5288:Latvian Orthodox Church 5048:, which belongs to the 4054:has an office in Riga. 2424:Popular Front of Latvia 2113:Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact 2076:The Holocaust in Latvia 2056:government corporations 1919:Treaty of Brest-Litovsk 1895:(1859–1927), the first 1874:1905 Russian Revolution 1507:of Segeberg arrived in 1241:Human Development Index 1187:invasion and occupation 931: 909: 253:Official languages 87: 72: 32:Latvia (disambiguation) 17505:UN French Language Day 17338:Bosnia and Herzegovina 16658:Bosnia and Herzegovina 15975:Swimming Championships 15942:Gross regional product 15597:Pomeranian Voivodeship 15570:Mecklenburg-Vorpommern 15255:(Sovereign Base Areas) 14936:Bosnia and Herzegovina 14209:18 August 2021 at the 14150:Latvian Culture Portal 14131:18 August 2021 at the 14126:Latvian Cultural Canon 13859:44.3 (2013): 287–312. 13617:Bojtár, Endre (1999). 13468:Latvia in World War II 13340:Arveds, Švābe (1949). 12523:Žemaitis, Augustinas. 12498:Reliģiju Enciklopēdija 11136:. 2009. Archived from 11084:Third Report on Latvia 11009:. 2008. Archived from 10919:. 2007. Archived from 10889:. 2010. Archived from 10856:. 2008. Archived from 10823:. 2008. Archived from 10051:"Nordic Culture Point" 9209:Latvijas enciklopēdija 7832:"Estonia - RomArchive" 7772:"Operation Barbarossa" 7754:Simon Sebag Montefiore 6989:Žemaitis, Augustinas. 6699:Žemaitis, Augustinas. 6324: 5640: 5593: 5527:Latvian National Opera 5463: 5432: 5345: 5260: 5070:Uralic language family 4960: 4818:Demographics of Latvia 4677:Free port of Ventspils 4647: 4606: 4590: 4566: 4466: 4458: 4447:European single market 4445:Latvia is part of the 4400:Approximately 206,000 4360:US Department of State 4351: 4330:Human rights in Latvia 4282:Baltic Defence College 4125: 4114: 4010: 3968:Nordic Investment Bank 3931: 3894:New Conservative Party 3884:In 2018 parliamentary 3857:In 2014 parliamentary 3838:In 2010 parliamentary 3819: 3804:Constitution of Latvia 3751: 3746:) and 7 state cities ( 3743: 3707: 3699: 3651: 3502: 3484: 3470: 3452: 3434: 3398:Sarmatic mixed forests 3278: 3155: 2995:May 1938 and May 1941 2656: 2498: 2403: 2324: 2269: 2161: 2125:invaded Poland as well 2100: 2062:Latvia in World War II 1899: 1845: 1820: 1628: 1592: 1497: 1493:, built in 1214 under 1277:Nordic Investment Bank 1222:parliamentary republic 1179:forcible incorporation 1062:, is a country in the 1051:Latvian pronunciation: 1047: 727:$ 45.466 billion ( 675:$ 78.421 billion ( 146: 57: 39:Lettonia (corporation) 17648:Member states of NATO 17215:São Tomé and Príncipe 17075:Republic of the Congo 16585:Court of Human Rights 16232:Potential enlargement 15282:Bailiwick of Guernsey 15253:Akrotiri and Dhekelia 14654:2008 financial crisis 14143:8 August 2021 at the 14114:International Futures 14055:15 April 2015 at the 14012:18 March 2011 at the 13988:14 April 2019 at the 13907:. London: Routledge. 13711:Lane, Thomas, et al. 13697:. London: Routledge. 13659:. London: Routledge. 13271:"Latvia team profile" 13215:Latvian Culture Canon 13153:. Latvian Institute. 13151:The Cuisine of Latvia 13092:29 April 2019 at the 12633:"Latvijas Statistika" 12583:. 10 September 2022. 12557:. 26 September 2022. 11134:Amnesty International 10917:Privacy International 10325:"Previous operations" 9729:. 15 September 2023. 9345:Nature Communications 8436:. 10 September 2014. 8013:Vladimir Kara-Murza. 7020:Ereminas, Gintautas. 6942:Skandinavskiy Sbornik 5848:UEFA Futsal Euro 2026 5725:Oklahoma City Thunder 5701:Golden State Warriors 5655:and silver medals in 5638: 5588: 5461: 5418: 5343: 5324:Education and science 5256: 5038:Further information: 4958: 4804:, one of the largest 4637: 4602: 4594:Standard & Poor's 4586: 4556: 4464: 4444: 4343: 4336:LGBT rights in Latvia 4247:Baltic Naval Squadron 4130:National Armed Forces 4120: 4109: 4067:Northern Future Forum 4008: 3929: 3705: 3662: 3641: 3368:) and European lynx ( 3317:include 170 species. 3272: 3224:Slītere National Park 3153: 2989:0 mm (0 in) 2787: Oceanic climate 2650: 2492: 2426:, was opposed by the 2393: 2376:Further information: 2342:machinery factory RAF 2314: 2260: 2159: 2091: 2012:Pavel Bermondt-Avalov 1891: 1814: 1637:Polish and Lithuanian 1616: 1590: 1567:, became part of the 1539:that became known as 1485: 1112:ethnolinguistic group 927:Latvian Sign Language 925:written language and 603:• Water (%) 476:Speaker of the Saeima 157:("God Bless Latvia!") 148:Dievs, svētī Latviju! 17312:United Arab Emirates 14173:27 June 2021 at the 14161:19 July 2021 at the 14043:10 July 2016 at the 13964:16 June 2006 at the 13959:Government of Latvia 13947:Parliament of Latvia 13866:25 June 2021 at the 13524:The A to Z of Latvia 13458:9 April 2023 at the 13405:Latvia in Transition 12844:. 14 November 2008. 11908:"Ceļu klasifikācija" 11882:"About Rail Baltica" 10793:. 25 February 2009. 9872:on 12 September 2012 9639:. 11 February 2016. 9548:. 27 November 2013. 9433:"Lake Pape – Latvia" 9413:on 26 September 2012 8958:on 27 September 2012 8772:on 27 February 2013. 8766:"Latvia in crosscut" 8743:on 23 September 2012 8492:"Final of Riga 2003" 8411:on 30 September 2020 8249:SchengenVisaInfo.com 8185:"NATO Press Release" 8143:on 27 November 2015. 8103:. Penn State Press. 7868:21 July 2016 at the 7316:Nationalities Papers 7214:Baten, Jörg (2016). 6916:www.historyofwar.org 6765:www.lonelyplanet.com 6646:. Lonelyplanet.com. 5747:, which competes in 5723:, who plays for the 5715:, who plays for the 5435:Traditional Latvian 5350:University of Latvia 5344:University of Latvia 4965:total fertility rate 4174:Multi-National Force 3900:of the centre-right 3633:Secretaries of State 3553:Government of Latvia 3549:Parliament of Latvia 3462:Leucanthemum vulgare 3350:), Eurasian beaver ( 3259:ecological footprint 3216:Ķemeri National Park 3074:atmospheric pressure 2717:. Its largest lake, 2665:East European Craton 2571:, Latvia joined the 2535:Vaira Vīķe-Freiberga 2315:Reconstruction of a 2170:Operation Barbarossa 2145:Augusts Kirhenšteins 2117:spheres of influence 2027:Constituent assembly 2016:Battle of Daugavpils 1986:Baltische Landeswehr 1763:Inflanty Voivodeship 1669:Inflanty Voivodeship 1643:and formed into the 1239:ranking 39th in the 1153:in the aftermath of 848:• Summer ( 620:• 2022 estimate 551:Constitution adopted 263:Recognized languages 17643:Countries in Europe 17605: / 17551:Francophone economy 15796:Diplomatic services 15739:United Baltic Duchy 15729:Territorial changes 15375:unincorporated area 15304:Bailiwick of Jersey 15166:States with limited 14705:Illegal immigration 14588:Statistical regions 14375:War of Independence 14330:Corded Ware culture 14228:20 May 2021 at the 14185:1 June 2021 at the 14138:Latvian Culture Map 14079:2 July 2021 at the 14067:5 June 2021 at the 14031:7 June 2021 at the 14020:General information 14000:7 June 2021 at the 13935:President of Latvia 13640:. London: Longman. 13451:(2013) pp: 65–110. 13112:on 5 February 2014. 13017:on 29 October 2009. 12905:on 16 December 2007 12756:10.34667/tind.46596 12448:on 26 November 2012 12379:. 23 January 2018. 12347:The Daily Telegraph 12024:Baltic News Network 11809:on 8 September 2008 11344:on 12 December 2013 11280:. 14 January 2014. 10893:on 24 November 2010 10863:on 14 December 2008 10732:on 11 November 2012 10628:on 19 December 2013 10239:. 23 January 2023. 10183:. Rīga Conference. 10057:on 18 November 2013 10031:on 18 November 2013 9979:on 13 November 2013 9924:on 13 November 2013 9699:. 23 January 2019. 9607:Wall Street Journal 9357:2020NatCo..11.5978G 9189:on 11 February 2015 8790:on 1 November 2012. 8344:www.baltictimes.com 8159:Swedish Royal Court 7958:Lumans, pp. 398–399 7905:Lumans, pp. 384–385 7887:Lumans, pp. 395–396 7520:. 20 January 2010. 7469:on 23 February 2019 6885:search.worldcat.org 6807:"Duchy of Courland" 6680:on 22 December 2010 5647:won the first ever 5521:2 July 2021 at the 5425:World Heritage Site 5399:universal programme 5330:Education in Latvia 5054:Balto-Slavic branch 4709:, but main base in 4652:Transport in Latvia 4214:Baltic Air Policing 4162:NAF staff Battalion 4043:Nordic-Baltic Eight 4000:Eastern Partnership 3982:on 1 January 2014. 3663:Historical regions: 3524:, wild horses, and 3518:Pape Nature Reserve 3388:. According to the 3382:Circumboreal Region 3378:Phytogeographically 3356:), Eurasian otter ( 3344:), Eurasian crane ( 3232:Rāzna National Park 3208:Gauja National Park 3107:The most days with 3056:Longest-lasting fog 3038:The most days with 2854:Highest temperature 2836: 2629:Geography of Latvia 2617:Istanbul Convention 2609:President of Latvia 2585:European Commission 2539:President of Latvia 2503:Soviet coup attempt 2235:from 1945 to 1950. 1999:("Iron Division"). 1968:, supported by the 1952:, supported by the 1946:war of independence 1897:president of Latvia 1739:plague in 1710–1711 1273:Nordic-Baltic Eight 1133:After centuries of 919:indigenous language 233: / 17556:Senghor University 17353:Dominican Republic 16920:Russia (1996–2022) 16372:provisional member 16286:EFTA member states 15818:Singing Revolution 15614:Kaliningrad Oblast 15565:Schleswig-Holstein 15274:Crown Dependencies 14644:Telecommunications 14629:Latvian euro coins 14340:Kingdom of Livonia 14086:The World Factbook 13826:(Routledge, 2019). 13715:(Routledge, 2013). 13563:(Routledge, 2013). 13277:. 6 January 2014. 13076:Smith Graham, ed. 12873:The New York Times 12725:on 14 October 2017 12613:on 20 October 2010 12504:on 5 February 2007 12118:on 16 October 2013 11646:The New York Times 11371:on 2 December 2010 11314:on 12 October 2007 11164:Human rights watch 11089:9 May 2009 at the 10576:on 24 October 2012 10550:on 21 January 2013 10403:"Other operations" 10331:on 24 October 2012 10302:on 8 February 2013 9820:on 1 December 2013 9669:. 8 October 2018. 9578:. 6 October 2014. 9518:. 3 October 2010. 9488:. 9 January 2015. 9239:on 7 February 2006 8683:on 12 October 2012 8586:Impartial Reporter 8405:Nouvelle-europe.eu 7701:Lumans pp. 110–111 7669:. Bloomsbury USA. 7514:"Timeline: Latvia" 7047:"Latvian language" 6613:on 2 February 2010 6444:on 8 November 2012 6329:Latvejas Republika 6325:Latvijas Republika 6174:on 5 December 2013 6035:The World Factbook 5713:Kristaps Porziņģis 5669:Maigonis Valdmanis 5641: 5639:Kristaps Porziņģis 5632:was held in Riga. 5612:and more recently 5594: 5506:hosted the eighth 5502:During July 2014, 5464: 5433: 5346: 5261: 5112:Religion in Latvia 4961: 4757:European route E22 4745:European route E67 4648: 4567: 4467: 4459: 4404: – including 4352: 4188:in 2015 under the 4186:Nordic Battlegroup 4154:Special Tasks Unit 4126: 4124:in Latvian service 4115: 4102:Military of Latvia 4080:Latvia hosted the 4059:Northern Dimension 4011: 3932: 3875:Laimdota Straujuma 3848:Valdis Dombrovskis 3820:plānošanas reģioni 3708: 3700: 3652: 3545:Politics of Latvia 3362:), European wolf ( 3279: 3156: 2903:First autumn frost 2870:Lowest temperature 2832: 2823:Courland Peninsula 2692:Russian Federation 2657: 2619:in November 2023. 2581:Valdis Dombrovskis 2558:the roof collapsed 2543:Schengen agreement 2533:was held in Riga. 2499: 2404: 2400:Latvian Parliament 2398:from reaching the 2378:Singing Revolution 2325: 2270: 2207:siege of Leningrad 2162: 2101: 2018:was a part of the 1915:Russian Revolution 1907:self-determination 1900: 1821: 1807:National awakening 1751:Great Northern War 1735:Great Northern War 1684:Polish–Swedish War 1629: 1593: 1498: 1351:Germanic languages 1330:together with the 1207:Singing Revolution 1185:, followed by the 1098:. Its capital and 1060:Republic of Latvia 1058:), officially the 1055:[ˈlatvija] 712:2024 estimate 660:2024 estimate 538:• Recognised 339:others / 278:Ethnic groups 73:Latvejas Republika 58:Latvijas Republika 50:Republic of Latvia 18:Republic of Latvia 17588: 17587: 17582: 17581: 17462: 17461: 17447:Suspended members 17285:Associate members 17095:Equatorial Guinea 16938: 16937: 16605:Venice Commission 16565:Secretary General 16551:Council of Europe 16517: 16516: 16375: 16326: 16314: 16302: 16243: 16242: 16031: 16030: 15980:Baltic Chain Tour 15855:tallest buildings 15634: 15633: 15487: 15486: 15428: 15427: 15350:autonomous region 15321: 15320: 15317: 15316: 14834: 14833: 14801: 14800: 14662: 14661: 14596: 14595: 14563:Political parties 14519:Foreign relations 14486: 14485: 14427:Post independence 14410:Latvian partisans 13995:Latvian Institute 13914:978-0-415-55400-8 13895:978-0-8122-4221-8 13850:Russia connection 13792:978-0-521-54155-8 13704:978-0-415-48276-9 13685:978-0-230-01940-9 13666:978-0-415-56934-7 13628:978-963-9116-42-9 13613:(Springer, 2015). 13595:978-9984-07-614-0 13552:978-0-8179-9302-3 13533:978-0-8108-7209-7 13514:978-0-8108-5515-1 13440:978-9984-34-291-7 13421:Dzenovska, Dace. 13414:978-0-521-55537-1 13395:978-9984-808-83-3 12842:The Baltic Course 12765:978-92-805-3432-0 12719:inventions.lza.lv 12227:. 4 August 2023. 12212:Miniature Empires 12088:on 6 October 2014 12026:. 8 August 2022. 11914:on 26 August 2018 11834:www.airbaltic.com 11705:Toomas Hõbemägi. 11338:The Baltic Course 11071:See Paras. 16, 18 10758:. 22 April 2022. 10570:"Fallen soldiers" 10465:The Baltic Course 10351:"Latvia and NATO" 10109:on 6 October 2014 9546:Los Angeles Times 9233:"List of species" 9065:"Protected areas" 9039:www.latvia.travel 8867:on 8 January 2012 8802:"Latvia in brief" 8737:"Latvia in brief" 8376:. 29 April 2016. 8221:. 4 August 2019. 8165:on 26 August 2021 8110:978-0-271-04562-7 7836:www.romarchive.eu 7743:Lumans, pp. 98–99 7722:Wettig, Gerhard, 7692:Lumans, pp. 71–74 7676:978-1-78096-163-7 7556:978-0-682-48158-8 7225:978-1-107-50718-0 7171:. Bank of Latvia. 7118:978-0-313-32355-3 6845:978-0-313-33125-1 6735:Manabiblioteka.lv 6591:978-9984-07-614-0 6432:"Latvia in Brief" 6252:on 4 January 2014 6200:on 4 January 2014 6141:. 13 March 2024. 6038:(2024 ed.). 5614:Zemgus Girgensons 5508:World Choir Games 5488:socialist realism 5449:Bernhard Borchert 5411:Culture of Latvia 5314:Latvian mythology 5300:Muslims in Latvia 5222: 5221: 5150:Roman Catholicism 5062:Livonian language 4951: 4950: 4640:Port of Ventspils 4617:Economic recovery 4437:Economy of Latvia 4425:Same-sex marriage 4421:ethnic minorities 4406:stateless persons 4372:human development 4235:Baltic Battalion 3972:League of Nations 3940:Council of Europe 3916:Foreign relations 3867:National Alliance 3834:Political culture 3782:. There are four 3599: 3598: 3595: 3584: 3526:recreated aurochs 3494:Adalia bipunctata 3489:two-spot ladybird 3341:Picoides leucotos 3140: 3139: 3102:13 February 1962 2801:humid continental 2704:maritime boundary 2408:Mikhail Gorbachev 2168: – prior to 2080:Latvian partisans 2025:A freely elected 2020:Polish–Soviet War 1783:official language 1363:History of Latvia 1353:from "Lettland". 1347:Romance languages 1257:Council of Europe 1229:developed country 1143:Polish-Lithuanian 1078:to the north and 945: 944: 917:is considered an 773:medium inequality 737:• Per capita 685:• Per capita 237:56.950°N 24.100°E 170: 16:(Redirected from 17695: 17620: 17619: 17617: 17616: 17615: 17610: 17606: 17603: 17602: 17601: 17598: 17572: 17571: 16985: 16984: 16965: 16958: 16951: 16942: 16941: 16544: 16537: 16530: 16521: 16520: 16369: 16344:EU member states 16337: 16320: 16308: 16296: 16270: 16263: 16256: 16247: 16246: 16222: 16058: 16051: 16044: 16035: 16034: 16021: 16020: 16011: 16010: 15929:Busiest airports 15837: 15791:State continuity 15711: 15709: 15708: 15698: 15696: 15695: 15685: 15683: 15682: 15661: 15654: 15647: 15638: 15637: 15619:Leningrad Oblast 15514: 15507: 15500: 15491: 15490: 15475: 15463: 15462: 15449:Governed by the 15411:Northern Ireland 15354:Åland convention 15336: 15335: 15246: 15245: 15216: 15215: 15158: 14893:Sovereign states 14874: 14867: 14860: 14851: 14850: 14842:Related articles 14838: 14837: 14814: 14673: 14672: 14607: 14606: 14583: 14497: 14496: 14463:Cultural regions 14451: 14450: 14439: 14370:Latvian Riflemen 14291: 14284: 14277: 14268: 14267: 14255: 14254: 14245: 14244: 14192:Latvian Heritage 13918: 13899: 13887: 13872:Cheskin, Ammon. 13845: 13819: 13807: 13796: 13777: 13756: 13734: 13708: 13689: 13670: 13651: 13632: 13599: 13580: 13556: 13537: 13518: 13499: 13491: 13482: 13444: 13431:The Latvian Saga 13418: 13399: 13380: 13361:. Rīga: Jumava. 13353: 13321: 13320: 13318: 13316: 13297: 13291: 13290: 13288: 13286: 13267: 13261: 13260: 13258: 13256: 13237: 13231: 13230: 13228: 13226: 13206: 13200: 13199: 13197: 13195: 13189: 13182: 13171: 13165: 13164: 13146: 13140: 13139: 13137: 13135: 13124:"About Festival" 13120: 13114: 13113: 13108:. Archived from 13102: 13096: 13074: 13068: 13067: 13065: 13063: 13044: 13038: 13025: 13019: 13018: 13013:. Archived from 13003: 12997: 12996: 12994: 12992: 12973: 12967: 12966: 12964: 12962: 12947: 12941: 12940: 12938: 12936: 12921: 12915: 12914: 12912: 12910: 12895: 12889: 12888: 12886: 12884: 12864: 12858: 12857: 12855: 12853: 12834: 12828: 12827: 12825: 12823: 12808: 12802: 12801: 12795: 12791: 12789: 12781: 12779: 12777: 12741: 12735: 12734: 12732: 12730: 12721:. Archived from 12711: 12705: 12704: 12702: 12700: 12681: 12675: 12674: 12672: 12670: 12651: 12645: 12644: 12642: 12640: 12629: 12623: 12622: 12620: 12618: 12603: 12597: 12596: 12594: 12592: 12577: 12571: 12570: 12568: 12566: 12551: 12545: 12544: 12542: 12540: 12520: 12514: 12513: 12511: 12509: 12490: 12484: 12483: 12481: 12479: 12464: 12458: 12457: 12455: 12453: 12438: 12419: 12418: 12416: 12414: 12399: 12393: 12392: 12390: 12388: 12369: 12363: 12362: 12360: 12358: 12349:. 3 April 2018. 12339: 12333: 12332: 12330: 12328: 12313: 12307: 12306: 12304: 12302: 12297:on 15 April 2012 12287: 12281: 12280: 12278: 12276: 12261: 12255: 12254: 12247: 12241: 12240: 12238: 12236: 12221: 12215: 12208: 12202: 12201: 12199: 12197: 12186: 12180: 12179: 12177: 12175: 12160: 12154: 12153: 12151: 12149: 12134: 12128: 12127: 12125: 12123: 12114:. 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Archived from 11212: 11206: 11205: 11203: 11201: 11186: 11180: 11179: 11177: 11175: 11156: 11150: 11149: 11147: 11145: 11126: 11120: 11119: 11117: 11115: 11100: 11094: 11078: 11072: 11059: 11053: 11052: 11050: 11048: 11037:data1.csb.gov.lv 11029: 11023: 11022: 11020: 11018: 10999: 10993: 10992: 10990: 10988: 10969: 10963: 10962: 10960: 10958: 10939: 10933: 10932: 10930: 10928: 10909: 10903: 10902: 10900: 10898: 10879: 10873: 10872: 10870: 10868: 10862: 10851: 10843: 10837: 10836: 10834: 10832: 10813: 10807: 10806: 10804: 10802: 10783: 10772: 10771: 10769: 10767: 10748: 10742: 10741: 10739: 10737: 10722: 10716: 10715: 10713: 10711: 10696: 10690: 10689: 10687: 10685: 10670: 10664: 10663: 10661: 10659: 10654:on 5 August 2011 10644: 10638: 10637: 10635: 10633: 10618: 10612: 10611: 10609: 10607: 10592: 10586: 10585: 10583: 10581: 10566: 10560: 10559: 10557: 10555: 10539: 10533: 10532: 10530: 10528: 10513: 10507: 10506: 10504: 10502: 10487: 10481: 10480: 10478: 10476: 10457: 10451: 10450: 10448: 10446: 10440: 10433: 10425: 10419: 10418: 10416: 10414: 10409:on 5 August 2012 10399: 10393: 10392: 10390: 10388: 10383:on 5 August 2012 10373: 10367: 10366: 10364: 10362: 10347: 10341: 10340: 10338: 10336: 10321: 10312: 10311: 10309: 10307: 10292: 10283: 10282: 10280: 10278: 10273:on 27 April 2018 10269:. Archived from 10259: 10253: 10252: 10250: 10248: 10233: 10227: 10226: 10224: 10222: 10203: 10197: 10196: 10194: 10192: 10177: 10171: 10170: 10168: 10166: 10151: 10145: 10144: 10142: 10140: 10125: 10119: 10118: 10116: 10114: 10099: 10093: 10092: 10090: 10088: 10073: 10067: 10066: 10064: 10062: 10047: 10041: 10040: 10038: 10036: 10021: 10015: 10014: 10012: 10010: 9995: 9989: 9988: 9986: 9984: 9973:"About Nordplus" 9969: 9963: 9962: 9960: 9958: 9943: 9934: 9933: 9931: 9929: 9914: 9908: 9907: 9905: 9903: 9888: 9882: 9881: 9879: 9877: 9862: 9856: 9855: 9853: 9851: 9840:"Foreign policy" 9836: 9830: 9829: 9827: 9825: 9810: 9804: 9803: 9801: 9799: 9779: 9773: 9772: 9770: 9768: 9749: 9743: 9742: 9740: 9738: 9719: 9713: 9712: 9710: 9708: 9689: 9683: 9682: 9680: 9678: 9659: 9653: 9652: 9650: 9648: 9629: 9623: 9622: 9620: 9618: 9598: 9592: 9591: 9589: 9587: 9568: 9562: 9561: 9559: 9557: 9538: 9532: 9531: 9529: 9527: 9508: 9502: 9501: 9499: 9497: 9479: 9473: 9451: 9447: 9441: 9440: 9435:. 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Archived from 9183:rianova.narod.ru 9175: 9169: 9168: 9166: 9142: 9136: 9135: 9133: 9131: 9120:"Country Trends" 9116: 9107: 9106: 9104: 9102: 9087: 9081: 9080: 9078: 9076: 9061: 9055: 9054: 9052: 9050: 9031: 9025: 9024: 9022: 9020: 9003:Planet, Lonely. 9000: 8994: 8993: 8991: 8989: 8974: 8968: 8967: 8965: 8963: 8948: 8931: 8930: 8928: 8926: 8907: 8901: 8900: 8883: 8877: 8876: 8874: 8872: 8857: 8851: 8850: 8848: 8846: 8827: 8818: 8817: 8815: 8813: 8798: 8792: 8791: 8780: 8774: 8773: 8762: 8753: 8752: 8750: 8748: 8733: 8724: 8723: 8721: 8719: 8704: 8693: 8692: 8690: 8688: 8673: 8662: 8661: 8659: 8657: 8652:on 27 April 2012 8642: 8633: 8632: 8630: 8628: 8608: 8602: 8601: 8599: 8597: 8578: 8572: 8571: 8569: 8567: 8548: 8542: 8541: 8539: 8537: 8518: 8512: 8511: 8509: 8507: 8488: 8482: 8481: 8479: 8477: 8471: 8464: 8456: 8450: 8449: 8447: 8445: 8427: 8421: 8420: 8418: 8416: 8407:. Archived from 8396: 8390: 8389: 8387: 8385: 8366: 8360: 8359: 8357: 8355: 8336: 8330: 8329: 8327: 8325: 8306: 8300: 8299: 8271: 8265: 8264: 8262: 8260: 8241: 8235: 8234: 8232: 8230: 8211: 8205: 8204: 8202: 8200: 8195:on 12 March 2014 8191:. Archived from 8181: 8175: 8174: 8172: 8170: 8161:. Archived from 8151: 8145: 8144: 8133: 8127: 8126: 8124: 8122: 8094: 8085: 8071: 8065: 8064: 8062: 8060: 8041: 8035: 8034: 8032: 8030: 8010: 8004: 8001: 7995: 7992: 7986: 7983: 7977: 7974: 7968: 7965: 7959: 7956: 7950: 7949: 7921: 7915: 7912: 7906: 7903: 7897: 7894: 7888: 7885: 7879: 7858: 7852: 7851: 7849: 7847: 7828: 7822: 7821: 7819: 7817: 7808:. Archived from 7798: 7792: 7791: 7789: 7787: 7768: 7762: 7761: 7750: 7744: 7741: 7735: 7720: 7711: 7708: 7702: 7699: 7693: 7690: 7681: 7680: 7662: 7635: 7620: 7611: 7610: 7608: 7606: 7597:. 24 July 2019. 7587: 7581: 7580: 7578: 7576: 7540: 7534: 7533: 7531: 7529: 7510: 7497: 7494: 7488: 7485: 7479: 7478: 7476: 7474: 7465:. Archived from 7459: 7453: 7452: 7450: 7448: 7437:www.president.lv 7429: 7423: 7422: 7420: 7418: 7398: 7392: 7391: 7389: 7387: 7365: 7359: 7358: 7356: 7354: 7348: 7313: 7304: 7298: 7297: 7295: 7293: 7274: 7265: 7264: 7262: 7260: 7241: 7230: 7229: 7211: 7205: 7204: 7202: 7200: 7194: 7187: 7178: 7172: 7170: 7164: 7156: 7154: 7152: 7141: 7135: 7134: 7132: 7130: 7102: 7096: 7095: 7075: 7069: 7068: 7066: 7064: 7043: 7037: 7036: 7034: 7032: 7017: 7011: 7010: 7008: 7006: 6986: 6980: 6979: 6951: 6945: 6938: 6932: 6931: 6929: 6927: 6907: 6901: 6900: 6898: 6896: 6877: 6871: 6868: 6862: 6861: 6859: 6857: 6829: 6823: 6822: 6820: 6818: 6802: 6796: 6795: 6787: 6781: 6780: 6778: 6776: 6757: 6751: 6750: 6748: 6746: 6737:. Archived from 6727: 6721: 6720: 6718: 6716: 6696: 6690: 6689: 6687: 6685: 6666: 6660: 6659: 6657: 6655: 6640: 6623: 6622: 6620: 6618: 6599: 6593: 6583: 6577: 6576: 6574: 6572: 6532: 6526: 6516: 6510: 6509: 6507: 6505: 6486: 6480: 6479: 6477: 6475: 6460: 6454: 6453: 6451: 6449: 6443: 6436: 6428: 6422: 6411: 6405: 6404: 6402: 6400: 6382: 6376: 6375: 6368: 6362: 6361: 6359: 6357: 6342: 6336: 6321: 6315: 6314: 6312: 6310: 6291: 6285: 6268: 6262: 6261: 6259: 6257: 6242: 6236: 6235: 6233: 6231: 6216: 6210: 6209: 6207: 6205: 6190: 6184: 6183: 6181: 6179: 6164: 6158: 6157: 6155: 6153: 6147: 6136: 6128: 6122: 6121: 6119: 6117: 6098: 6092: 6091: 6089: 6087: 6068: 6055: 6050: 6048: 6046: 6026: 6020: 6019: 6017: 6015: 5996: 5990: 5989: 5984: 5982: 5967: 5958: 5957: 5936:The Latvian Saga 5928: 5919: 5918: 5916: 5914: 5899: 5893: 5892: 5890: 5888: 5872: 5837:Jeļena Ostapenko 5822:Māris Štrombergs 5763:eight times and 5711:players include 5681:Igors Miglinieks 5673:Valdis Muižnieks 5606:Kārlis Skrastiņš 5598:Helmuts Balderis 5393:Health in Latvia 5273:Nordic countries 5247:Russian Orthodox 5165:Russian Orthodox 5118: 5117: 5092:Russian language 4845: 4844: 4828: 4800:Latvia operates 4777:Energy in Latvia 4731:lines. However, 4453:(dark blue) and 4314:Nordic countries 4218:Šiauliai Airport 4184:in 2013 and the 4082:2006 NATO Summit 4027:Nordic countries 3898:Krisjanis Karins 3695: 3688: 3681: 3674: 3667: 3621:executive branch 3591: 3580: 3577:Edgars Rinkēvičs 3571: 3564: 3557: 3556: 3503:divpunktu mārīte 3412:. It had a 2019 3136:2 November 1969 3048:Gaiziņkalns area 2881:8 February 1956 2837: 2831: 2812:oceanic/maritime 2786: 2780: 2767: 2761: 2605:Edgars Rinkēvičs 2531:NATO Summit 2006 2432:Baltic Republics 2420:Freedom Monument 2329:collectivization 2298:Operation Priboi 2266:Freedom Monument 2198:Auxiliary Police 2048:Great Depression 2037:his coup in 1934 2004:Battle of Wenden 1996:Eiserne Division 1983:composed of the 1878:Baltic provinces 1866:January Uprising 1854:Latvian language 1793:own free will". 1755:Riga Governorate 1747:Treaty of Nystad 1745:in 1710 and the 1715:Latvian language 1702:was diminished. 1692:Truce of Altmark 1657:Order of Livonia 1653:Gotthard Kettler 1645:Duchy of Livonia 1605:Duchy of Livonia 1569:Hanseatic League 1501:German crusaders 1379:, trading local 1237:advanced economy 1193:in 1941 and the 1086:to the east and 1057: 1052: 1038: 1033: 1032: 1029: 1028: 1025: 1022: 1019: 1016: 1013: 1010: 1002: 995: 990: 989: 988: 987: 980: 977: 976: 973: 970: 967: 964: 961: 958: 861: 837: 800: 799: 793: 792: 786: 775: 774: 768: 767: 761: 745: 744: 726: 725: 709: 693: 692: 674: 673: 657: 553: 532:18 November 1918 452:Edgars Rinkēvičs 343: 248: 247: 245: 244: 243: 238: 234: 231: 230: 229: 226: 211:and largest city 182: 172: 171: 155: 151: 128: 114: 98: 90: 83: 75: 68: 60: 46: 45: 21: 17703: 17702: 17698: 17697: 17696: 17694: 17693: 17692: 17623: 17622: 17613: 17611: 17607: 17604: 17599: 17596: 17594: 17592: 17591: 17589: 17584: 17583: 17578: 17560: 17539: 17500:French language 17488: 17458: 17442: 17316: 17280: 17254: 17150:North Macedonia 16974: 16969: 16939: 16934: 16903: 16857: 16783:North Macedonia 16614: 16553: 16548: 16518: 16513: 16512: 16510:UK–EU relations 16506:CH–EU relations 16493: 16338: 16329: 16280: 16276:Members of the 16274: 16244: 16239: 16238: 16223: 16214: 16071: 16062: 16032: 16027: 15999: 15953: 15912: 15901:Defence College 15878:Baltic Assembly 15866: 15838: 15829: 15764:by Nazi Germany 15717: 15706: 15704: 15693: 15691: 15680: 15678: 15670: 15665: 15635: 15630: 15524: 15518: 15488: 15483: 15456: 15444:Oceanic islands 15424: 15417:subject to the 15384: 15379:Svalbard Treaty 15377:subject to the 15359: 15352:subject to the 15332: 15330: 15328: 15313: 15268: 15237: 15212: 15209: 15201: 15187:Northern Cyprus 15170: 15167: 15159: 15150: 15066:North Macedonia 14887: 14878: 14843: 14835: 14830: 14817: 14810: 14797: 14724: 14715:Public holidays 14658: 14592: 14581: 14553:Law enforcement 14548:Language policy 14482: 14473:Protected areas 14440: 14431: 14385:by Nazi Germany 14355:Russian Livonia 14345:Swedish Livonia 14301: 14295: 14252: 14242: 14230:Wayback Machine 14211:Wayback Machine 14199:Wayback Machine 14187:Wayback Machine 14175:Wayback Machine 14163:Wayback Machine 14145:Wayback Machine 14133:Wayback Machine 14110:Wayback Machine 14081:Wayback Machine 14069:Wayback Machine 14057:Wayback Machine 14045:Wayback Machine 14033:Wayback Machine 14014:Wayback Machine 14002:Wayback Machine 13990:Wayback Machine 13978:Wayback Machine 13966:Wayback Machine 13954:Wayback Machine 13942:Wayback Machine 13926: 13921: 13915: 13896: 13868:Wayback Machine 13852: 13842: 13816: 13793: 13774: 13753: 13731: 13705: 13686: 13667: 13648: 13629: 13609:Auers, Daunis. 13606: 13596: 13553: 13534: 13515: 13479: 13460:Wayback Machine 13441: 13433:. Rīga: Atēna. 13415: 13396: 13369: 13336: 13330: 13325: 13324: 13314: 13312: 13299: 13298: 13294: 13284: 13282: 13269: 13268: 13264: 13254: 13252: 13239: 13238: 13234: 13224: 13222: 13207: 13203: 13193: 13191: 13187: 13180: 13172: 13168: 13161: 13147: 13143: 13133: 13131: 13122: 13121: 13117: 13104: 13103: 13099: 13094:Wayback Machine 13075: 13071: 13061: 13059: 13046: 13045: 13041: 13035:Wayback Machine 13026: 13022: 13005: 13004: 13000: 12990: 12988: 12975: 12974: 12970: 12960: 12958: 12949: 12948: 12944: 12934: 12932: 12923: 12922: 12918: 12908: 12906: 12897: 12896: 12892: 12882: 12880: 12865: 12861: 12851: 12849: 12836: 12835: 12831: 12821: 12819: 12818:on 11 July 2012 12810: 12809: 12805: 12793: 12792: 12783: 12782: 12775: 12773: 12766: 12742: 12738: 12728: 12726: 12713: 12712: 12708: 12698: 12696: 12683: 12682: 12678: 12668: 12666: 12653: 12652: 12648: 12638: 12636: 12631: 12630: 12626: 12616: 12614: 12605: 12604: 12600: 12590: 12588: 12579: 12578: 12574: 12564: 12562: 12553: 12552: 12548: 12538: 12536: 12521: 12517: 12507: 12505: 12492: 12491: 12487: 12477: 12475: 12466: 12465: 12461: 12451: 12449: 12440: 12439: 12422: 12412: 12410: 12401: 12400: 12396: 12386: 12384: 12371: 12370: 12366: 12356: 12354: 12341: 12340: 12336: 12326: 12324: 12315: 12314: 12310: 12300: 12298: 12289: 12288: 12284: 12274: 12272: 12263: 12262: 12258: 12249: 12248: 12244: 12234: 12232: 12223: 12222: 12218: 12210:James Minahan, 12209: 12205: 12195: 12193: 12188: 12187: 12183: 12173: 12171: 12170:on 29 June 2007 12162: 12161: 12157: 12147: 12145: 12136: 12135: 12131: 12121: 12119: 12106: 12105: 12101: 12091: 12089: 12080: 12079: 12075: 12065: 12063: 12059: 12052: 12048: 12047: 12043: 12033: 12031: 12018: 12017: 12013: 12003: 12001: 11988: 11987: 11983: 11973: 11971: 11958: 11957: 11953: 11943: 11941: 11940:on 9 April 2022 11932: 11931: 11927: 11917: 11915: 11906: 11905: 11901: 11891: 11889: 11880: 11879: 11875: 11865: 11863: 11858: 11857: 11853: 11843: 11841: 11828: 11827: 11823: 11812: 11810: 11801: 11800: 11793: 11783: 11781: 11772: 11771: 11767: 11751: 11750: 11743: 11741: 11730: 11726: 11716: 11714: 11713:on 6 March 2016 11703: 11699: 11693:Wayback Machine 11683: 11679: 11674: 11665: 11655: 11653: 11638: 11634: 11624: 11622: 11613: 11612: 11608: 11598: 11596: 11595:on 20 July 2011 11587: 11586: 11582: 11572: 11570: 11557: 11556: 11547: 11537: 11535: 11526: 11525: 11521: 11511: 11509: 11505: 11498: 11494: 11493: 11489: 11450: 11446: 11436: 11434: 11426:baltictimes.com 11419: 11418: 11414: 11404: 11402: 11397:. 11 May 2009. 11389: 11388: 11384: 11374: 11372: 11361: 11357: 11347: 11345: 11332: 11331: 11327: 11317: 11315: 11302: 11301: 11297: 11287: 11285: 11272: 11271: 11267: 11257: 11255: 11244: 11240: 11230: 11228: 11227:on 18 June 2006 11213: 11209: 11199: 11197: 11188: 11187: 11183: 11173: 11171: 11158: 11157: 11153: 11143: 11141: 11140:on 10 June 2009 11128: 11127: 11123: 11113: 11111: 11102: 11101: 11097: 11091:Wayback Machine 11079: 11075: 11069:Wayback Machine 11060: 11056: 11046: 11044: 11031: 11030: 11026: 11016: 11014: 11013:on 24 June 2011 11001: 11000: 10996: 10986: 10984: 10971: 10970: 10966: 10956: 10954: 10941: 10940: 10936: 10926: 10924: 10923:on 2 March 2011 10911: 10910: 10906: 10896: 10894: 10881: 10880: 10876: 10866: 10864: 10860: 10849: 10845: 10844: 10840: 10830: 10828: 10815: 10814: 10810: 10800: 10798: 10785: 10784: 10775: 10765: 10763: 10750: 10749: 10745: 10735: 10733: 10724: 10723: 10719: 10709: 10707: 10698: 10697: 10693: 10683: 10681: 10672: 10671: 10667: 10657: 10655: 10646: 10645: 10641: 10631: 10629: 10620: 10619: 10615: 10605: 10603: 10594: 10593: 10589: 10579: 10577: 10568: 10567: 10563: 10553: 10551: 10540: 10536: 10526: 10524: 10515: 10514: 10510: 10500: 10498: 10489: 10488: 10484: 10474: 10472: 10459: 10458: 10454: 10444: 10442: 10438: 10431: 10427: 10426: 10422: 10412: 10410: 10401: 10400: 10396: 10386: 10384: 10375: 10374: 10370: 10360: 10358: 10357:on 9 March 2012 10349: 10348: 10344: 10334: 10332: 10323: 10322: 10315: 10305: 10303: 10294: 10293: 10286: 10276: 10274: 10261: 10260: 10256: 10246: 10244: 10235: 10234: 10230: 10220: 10218: 10205: 10204: 10200: 10190: 10188: 10179: 10178: 10174: 10164: 10162: 10153: 10152: 10148: 10138: 10136: 10135:on 1 March 2013 10127: 10126: 10122: 10112: 10110: 10101: 10100: 10096: 10086: 10084: 10075: 10074: 10070: 10060: 10058: 10049: 10048: 10044: 10034: 10032: 10023: 10022: 10018: 10008: 10006: 9997: 9996: 9992: 9982: 9980: 9971: 9970: 9966: 9956: 9954: 9953:on 5 April 2012 9945: 9944: 9937: 9927: 9925: 9916: 9915: 9911: 9901: 9899: 9890: 9889: 9885: 9875: 9873: 9864: 9863: 9859: 9849: 9847: 9838: 9837: 9833: 9823: 9821: 9812: 9811: 9807: 9797: 9795: 9780: 9776: 9766: 9764: 9751: 9750: 9746: 9736: 9734: 9721: 9720: 9716: 9706: 9704: 9691: 9690: 9686: 9676: 9674: 9661: 9660: 9656: 9646: 9644: 9631: 9630: 9626: 9616: 9614: 9599: 9595: 9585: 9583: 9570: 9569: 9565: 9555: 9553: 9540: 9539: 9535: 9525: 9523: 9510: 9509: 9505: 9495: 9493: 9481: 9480: 9476: 9470:Wayback Machine 9460:Wayback Machine 9449: 9448: 9444: 9439:on 4 June 2015. 9431: 9430: 9426: 9416: 9414: 9405: 9404: 9400: 9337: 9333: 9323: 9321: 9308: 9307: 9303: 9287: 9286: 9279: 9277: 9273: 9262: 9256: 9252: 9242: 9240: 9231: 9230: 9226: 9219: 9207: 9206: 9202: 9192: 9190: 9177: 9176: 9172: 9143: 9139: 9129: 9127: 9118: 9117: 9110: 9100: 9098: 9089: 9088: 9084: 9074: 9072: 9063: 9062: 9058: 9048: 9046: 9033: 9032: 9028: 9018: 9016: 9001: 8997: 8987: 8985: 8976: 8975: 8971: 8961: 8959: 8950: 8949: 8934: 8924: 8922: 8909: 8908: 8904: 8897: 8885: 8884: 8880: 8870: 8868: 8859: 8858: 8854: 8844: 8842: 8829: 8828: 8821: 8811: 8809: 8800: 8799: 8795: 8782: 8781: 8777: 8764: 8763: 8756: 8746: 8744: 8735: 8734: 8727: 8717: 8715: 8706: 8705: 8696: 8686: 8684: 8675: 8674: 8665: 8655: 8653: 8644: 8643: 8636: 8626: 8624: 8609: 8605: 8595: 8593: 8588:. 31 May 2023. 8580: 8579: 8575: 8565: 8563: 8558:. 1 July 2016. 8550: 8549: 8545: 8535: 8533: 8520: 8519: 8515: 8505: 8503: 8490: 8489: 8485: 8475: 8473: 8469: 8462: 8458: 8457: 8453: 8443: 8441: 8429: 8428: 8424: 8414: 8412: 8397: 8393: 8383: 8381: 8368: 8367: 8363: 8353: 8351: 8338: 8337: 8333: 8323: 8321: 8316:. 1 June 2012. 8308: 8307: 8303: 8272: 8268: 8258: 8256: 8243: 8242: 8238: 8228: 8226: 8213: 8212: 8208: 8198: 8196: 8183: 8182: 8178: 8168: 8166: 8153: 8152: 8148: 8135: 8134: 8130: 8120: 8118: 8111: 8095: 8088: 8072: 8068: 8058: 8056: 8043: 8042: 8038: 8028: 8026: 8019:Washington Post 8011: 8007: 8002: 7998: 7994:Bleiere, p. 379 7993: 7989: 7985:Bleiere, p. 418 7984: 7980: 7976:Bleiere, p. 411 7975: 7971: 7967:Bleiere, p. 384 7966: 7962: 7957: 7953: 7922: 7918: 7913: 7909: 7904: 7900: 7895: 7891: 7886: 7882: 7878:. 16 March 2010 7870:Wayback Machine 7859: 7855: 7845: 7843: 7830: 7829: 7825: 7815: 7813: 7812:on 3 March 2021 7800: 7799: 7795: 7785: 7783: 7770: 7769: 7765: 7751: 7747: 7742: 7738: 7721: 7714: 7709: 7705: 7700: 7696: 7691: 7684: 7677: 7663: 7638: 7632:Wayback Machine 7621: 7614: 7604: 7602: 7589: 7588: 7584: 7574: 7572: 7557: 7541: 7537: 7527: 7525: 7512: 7511: 7500: 7496:Bleiere, p. 195 7495: 7491: 7487:Bleiere, p. 155 7486: 7482: 7472: 7470: 7461: 7460: 7456: 7446: 7444: 7431: 7430: 7426: 7416: 7414: 7399: 7395: 7385: 7383: 7368:Šiliņš, Jānis. 7366: 7362: 7352: 7350: 7346: 7311: 7305: 7301: 7291: 7289: 7276: 7275: 7268: 7258: 7256: 7243: 7242: 7233: 7226: 7212: 7208: 7198: 7196: 7192: 7185: 7179: 7175: 7158: 7157: 7150: 7148: 7143: 7142: 7138: 7128: 7126: 7119: 7103: 7099: 7076: 7072: 7062: 7060: 7045: 7044: 7040: 7030: 7028: 7018: 7014: 7004: 7002: 6987: 6983: 6952: 6948: 6939: 6935: 6925: 6923: 6908: 6904: 6894: 6892: 6879: 6878: 6874: 6870:Kasekamp, p. 47 6869: 6865: 6855: 6853: 6846: 6830: 6826: 6816: 6814: 6813:on 2 March 2003 6803: 6799: 6788: 6784: 6774: 6772: 6759: 6758: 6754: 6744: 6742: 6729: 6728: 6724: 6714: 6712: 6697: 6693: 6683: 6681: 6670:"The Crusaders" 6668: 6667: 6663: 6653: 6651: 6642: 6641: 6626: 6616: 6614: 6601: 6600: 6596: 6584: 6580: 6570: 6568: 6533: 6529: 6517: 6513: 6503: 6501: 6500:on 22 June 2006 6488: 6487: 6483: 6473: 6471: 6464:"Baltic Online" 6462: 6461: 6457: 6447: 6445: 6441: 6434: 6430: 6429: 6425: 6412: 6408: 6398: 6396: 6384: 6383: 6379: 6370: 6369: 6365: 6355: 6353: 6344: 6343: 6339: 6322: 6318: 6308: 6306: 6293: 6292: 6288: 6269: 6265: 6255: 6253: 6244: 6243: 6239: 6229: 6227: 6218: 6217: 6213: 6203: 6201: 6192: 6191: 6187: 6177: 6175: 6166: 6165: 6161: 6151: 6149: 6145: 6134: 6130: 6129: 6125: 6115: 6113: 6100: 6099: 6095: 6085: 6083: 6082:. 10 April 2024 6070: 6069: 6058: 6044: 6042: 6028: 6027: 6023: 6013: 6011: 5998: 5997: 5993: 5980: 5978: 5969: 5968: 5961: 5946: 5932:Ģērmanis, Uldis 5929: 5922: 5912: 5910: 5901: 5900: 5896: 5886: 5884: 5873: 5866: 5861: 5856: 5818:Summer Olympics 5769:EuroBasket 2015 5733:Milwaukee Bucks 5693:Andris Biedriņš 5583: 5581:Sport in Latvia 5577: 5553: 5551:Latvian cuisine 5547: 5523:Wayback Machine 5451:and the French 5423:was declared a 5413: 5407: 5395: 5389: 5338: 5332: 5326: 5249: – 370,000 5243: – 500,000 5237: – 708,773 5224: 5223: 5215: 5199: 5194:Other Christian 5186: 5171: 5156: 5141: 5114: 5108: 5042: 5036: 4973: 4953: 4952: 4944: 4931: 4918: 4905: 4892: 4879: 4866: 4841: 4840: 4839: 4834: 4829: 4820: 4814: 4779: 4773: 4717:Latvian Railway 4654: 4632: 4627: 4551: 4498:economic bubble 4473:(1999) and the 4439: 4433: 4338: 4332: 4326: 4158:Military Police 4122:CVR(T) Scimitar 4104: 4098: 4031:Baltic Assembly 3978:and joined the 3924: 3918: 3879:Maris Kucinskis 3836: 3732: 3714: 3693: 3692: 3686: 3685: 3679: 3678: 3672: 3671: 3665: 3664: 3657: 3590: 3579: 3555: 3543:Main articles: 3541: 3335:Aquila pomarina 3267: 3148: 2929:Priekuļi parish 2919:Highest yearly 2914:15 August 1975 2793: 2792: 2791: 2790: 2789: 2788: 2784: 2781: 2772: 2771: 2770: 2769: 2765: 2762: 2751: 2715:above sea level 2645: 2643:Northern Europe 2631: 2625: 2554:prewar currency 2519: 2453:Supreme Council 2388: 2374: 2268:in Riga in 1944 2255: 2243:Main articles: 2241: 2185:Generalplan Ost 2086: 2064: 1976:, supported by 1974:Andrievs Niedra 1886: 1809: 1731: 1713:, speaking one 1688:Swedish Livonia 1625:Swedish Livonia 1622: 1611: 1597:Swedish Livonia 1595:Main articles: 1585: 1472: 1470:Medieval period 1365: 1359: 1339:Henry of Latvia 1297: 1213:and officially 1092:maritime border 1068:Northern Europe 1050: 1036: 1007: 1003: 1000: 993: 983: 982: 955: 951: 941: 856: 853: 832: 797: 796: 795: 784: 772: 771: 770: 759: 738: 719: 707: 686: 667: 651: 635: 624:1,842,226 ( 621: 604: 590: 567: 557:7 November 1922 554: 549: 542:26 January 1921 539: 529: 515: 478: 463: 448: 410: 395: 354: 346: 340: 336: 282: 269: 241: 239: 235: 232: 227: 224: 222: 220: 219: 218: 212: 204: 203: 192: 173: 160: 156: 153: 136: 135: 134: 129: 121: 120: 115: 102: 101: 92: 77: 62: 51: 42: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 17701: 17691: 17690: 17685: 17680: 17675: 17670: 17665: 17660: 17655: 17650: 17645: 17640: 17635: 17586: 17585: 17580: 17579: 17577: 17576: 17565: 17562: 17561: 17559: 17558: 17553: 17547: 17545: 17541: 17540: 17538: 17537: 17532: 17527: 17522: 17517: 17512: 17507: 17502: 17496: 17494: 17490: 17489: 17487: 17486: 17481: 17476: 17470: 17468: 17464: 17463: 17460: 17459: 17457: 17456: 17450: 17448: 17444: 17443: 17441: 17440: 17435: 17430: 17425: 17420: 17415: 17410: 17405: 17400: 17395: 17390: 17385: 17380: 17375: 17370: 17365: 17360: 17355: 17350: 17348:Czech Republic 17345: 17340: 17335: 17330: 17324: 17322: 17318: 17317: 17315: 17314: 17309: 17304: 17299: 17294: 17288: 17286: 17282: 17281: 17279: 17278: 17273: 17268: 17262: 17260: 17256: 17255: 17253: 17252: 17247: 17242: 17237: 17232: 17227: 17222: 17217: 17212: 17207: 17202: 17197: 17192: 17187: 17182: 17177: 17172: 17167: 17162: 17157: 17152: 17147: 17142: 17137: 17132: 17127: 17122: 17117: 17112: 17107: 17102: 17097: 17092: 17087: 17082: 17077: 17072: 17067: 17062: 17057: 17052: 17047: 17042: 17037: 17032: 17027: 17022: 17017: 17012: 17007: 17002: 16997: 16991: 16989: 16982: 16976: 16975: 16968: 16967: 16960: 16953: 16945: 16936: 16935: 16933: 16932: 16927: 16922: 16917: 16911: 16909: 16908:Former members 16905: 16904: 16902: 16901: 16896: 16891: 16886: 16881: 16876: 16871: 16865: 16863: 16859: 16858: 16856: 16855: 16853:United Kingdom 16850: 16845: 16840: 16835: 16830: 16825: 16820: 16815: 16810: 16805: 16800: 16795: 16790: 16785: 16780: 16775: 16770: 16765: 16760: 16755: 16750: 16745: 16740: 16735: 16730: 16725: 16720: 16715: 16710: 16705: 16700: 16695: 16690: 16685: 16680: 16678:Czech Republic 16675: 16670: 16665: 16660: 16655: 16650: 16645: 16640: 16635: 16630: 16624: 16622: 16616: 16615: 16613: 16612: 16610:Pompidou Group 16607: 16602: 16597: 16592: 16587: 16582: 16577: 16572: 16567: 16561: 16559: 16555: 16554: 16547: 16546: 16539: 16532: 16524: 16515: 16514: 16498: 16495: 16494: 16492: 16491: 16486: 16481: 16476: 16471: 16466: 16461: 16456: 16451: 16446: 16441: 16436: 16431: 16426: 16421: 16416: 16411: 16406: 16401: 16396: 16391: 16386: 16384:Czech Republic 16381: 16376: 16364: 16359: 16354: 16348: 16346: 16340: 16339: 16332: 16330: 16328: 16327: 16315: 16303: 16290: 16288: 16282: 16281: 16273: 16272: 16265: 16258: 16250: 16241: 16240: 16236:Former members 16228: 16225: 16224: 16217: 16215: 16213: 16212: 16207: 16202: 16197: 16192: 16187: 16182: 16177: 16172: 16167: 16162: 16157: 16152: 16147: 16142: 16137: 16132: 16127: 16122: 16117: 16112: 16107: 16105:Czech Republic 16102: 16097: 16092: 16087: 16082: 16076: 16073: 16072: 16069:European Union 16061: 16060: 16053: 16046: 16038: 16029: 16028: 16026: 16025: 16015: 16004: 16001: 16000: 15998: 15997: 15996: 15995: 15990: 15982: 15977: 15972: 15967: 15961: 15959: 15955: 15954: 15952: 15951: 15950: 15949: 15944: 15936: 15934:Housing bubble 15931: 15926: 15920: 15918: 15914: 15913: 15911: 15910: 15909: 15908: 15906:Naval Squadron 15903: 15898: 15893: 15885: 15880: 15874: 15872: 15868: 15867: 15865: 15864: 15862:National parks 15859: 15858: 15857: 15850:Largest cities 15846: 15844: 15840: 15839: 15832: 15830: 15828: 15827: 15826: 15825: 15820: 15815: 15810: 15800: 15799: 15798: 15788: 15787: 15786: 15781: 15773: 15772: 15771: 15766: 15761: 15756: 15751: 15741: 15736: 15734:Baltic Entente 15731: 15725: 15723: 15719: 15718: 15716: 15715: 15702: 15689: 15675: 15672: 15671: 15664: 15663: 15656: 15649: 15641: 15632: 15631: 15629: 15628: 15623: 15622: 15621: 15616: 15606: 15605: 15604: 15599: 15594: 15584: 15579: 15574: 15573: 15572: 15567: 15557: 15556: 15555: 15550: 15540: 15535: 15529: 15526: 15525: 15517: 15516: 15509: 15502: 15494: 15485: 15484: 15482: 15481: 15469: 15455: 15454: 15447: 15441: 15438: 15434: 15433: 15430: 15429: 15426: 15425: 15423: 15422: 15408: 15403: 15398: 15392: 15390: 15389:United Kingdom 15386: 15385: 15383: 15382: 15367: 15365: 15361: 15360: 15358: 15357: 15342: 15340: 15333: 15326: 15323: 15322: 15319: 15318: 15315: 15314: 15312: 15311: 15306: 15301: 15300: 15299: 15294: 15289: 15278: 15276: 15270: 15269: 15267: 15266: 15256: 15249: 15243: 15242:United Kingdom 15239: 15238: 15236: 15235: 15234: 15233: 15222: 15220: 15213: 15206: 15203: 15202: 15200: 15199: 15194: 15189: 15184: 15179: 15173: 15171: 15164: 15161: 15160: 15153: 15151: 15149: 15148: 15143: 15141:United Kingdom 15138: 15133: 15128: 15123: 15118: 15113: 15108: 15103: 15098: 15093: 15088: 15083: 15078: 15073: 15068: 15063: 15058: 15053: 15048: 15043: 15038: 15033: 15028: 15023: 15018: 15013: 15008: 15003: 14998: 14993: 14988: 14983: 14978: 14973: 14968: 14963: 14958: 14956:Czech Republic 14953: 14948: 14943: 14938: 14933: 14928: 14923: 14918: 14913: 14908: 14903: 14897: 14895: 14889: 14888: 14877: 14876: 14869: 14862: 14854: 14848: 14845: 14844: 14832: 14831: 14829: 14828: 14823: 14816: 14815: 14807: 14806: 14803: 14802: 14799: 14798: 14796: 14795: 14790: 14785: 14780: 14775: 14770: 14765: 14760: 14755: 14750: 14745: 14740: 14734: 14732: 14726: 14725: 14723: 14722: 14717: 14712: 14707: 14702: 14697: 14692: 14687: 14682: 14676: 14670: 14664: 14663: 14660: 14659: 14657: 14656: 14651: 14646: 14641: 14636: 14634:Stock Exchange 14631: 14626: 14621: 14616: 14610: 14604: 14598: 14597: 14594: 14593: 14591: 14590: 14585: 14575: 14573:Prime Minister 14570: 14565: 14560: 14555: 14550: 14545: 14544: 14543: 14533: 14532: 14531: 14521: 14516: 14511: 14506: 14500: 14494: 14488: 14487: 14484: 14483: 14481: 14480: 14475: 14470: 14465: 14460: 14454: 14448: 14442: 14441: 14434: 14432: 14430: 14429: 14424: 14419: 14414: 14413: 14412: 14402: 14397: 14392: 14387: 14382: 14377: 14372: 14367: 14362: 14357: 14352: 14350:Polish Livonia 14347: 14342: 14337: 14332: 14327: 14322: 14317: 14315:Ancient Latvia 14311: 14309: 14303: 14302: 14300: articles 14294: 14293: 14286: 14279: 14271: 14265: 14264: 14249: 14238: 14237: 14233: 14232: 14219: 14218: 14214: 14213: 14201: 14189: 14177: 14165: 14153: 14147: 14135: 14122: 14121: 14117: 14116: 14100: 14094: 14071: 14059: 14047: 14035: 14022: 14021: 14017: 14016: 14007:Bank of Latvia 14004: 13992: 13980: 13968: 13956: 13944: 13931: 13930: 13925: 13924:External links 13922: 13920: 13919: 13913: 13900: 13894: 13877: 13870: 13851: 13848: 13847: 13846: 13840: 13827: 13822:Steen, Anton. 13820: 13814: 13797: 13791: 13778: 13772: 13757: 13751: 13739:Lieven, Anatol 13735: 13729: 13716: 13709: 13703: 13690: 13684: 13671: 13665: 13652: 13646: 13633: 13627: 13614: 13605: 13602: 13601: 13600: 13594: 13581: 13564: 13557: 13551: 13538: 13532: 13519: 13513: 13500: 13489:"Latvia" 13483: 13477: 13462: 13445: 13439: 13426: 13419: 13413: 13400: 13394: 13381: 13367: 13354: 13335: 13332: 13331: 13329: 13326: 13323: 13322: 13292: 13262: 13232: 13201: 13166: 13159: 13141: 13115: 13097: 13069: 13039: 13020: 12998: 12968: 12957:on 15 May 2011 12942: 12916: 12890: 12859: 12829: 12803: 12794:|website= 12764: 12736: 12706: 12676: 12646: 12624: 12598: 12572: 12546: 12515: 12485: 12459: 12420: 12405:. 2 May 2023. 12394: 12364: 12334: 12308: 12282: 12256: 12242: 12216: 12214:(1998) p. 216. 12203: 12181: 12164:"About Latvia" 12155: 12129: 12099: 12073: 12041: 12011: 11981: 11951: 11925: 11899: 11873: 11851: 11821: 11791: 11776:. April 2020. 11765: 11724: 11697: 11677: 11663: 11632: 11606: 11580: 11545: 11519: 11487: 11444: 11412: 11382: 11355: 11325: 11295: 11265: 11238: 11207: 11181: 11151: 11121: 11095: 11073: 11054: 11024: 10994: 10964: 10934: 10904: 10874: 10838: 10827:on 15 May 2011 10808: 10773: 10743: 10717: 10706:on 8 June 2012 10691: 10665: 10639: 10613: 10587: 10561: 10534: 10519:. NATO. 2010. 10508: 10493:. NATO. 2011. 10482: 10452: 10420: 10394: 10368: 10342: 10313: 10284: 10254: 10228: 10198: 10172: 10146: 10120: 10094: 10068: 10042: 10016: 9990: 9964: 9935: 9909: 9883: 9857: 9831: 9805: 9774: 9744: 9714: 9684: 9654: 9624: 9593: 9563: 9533: 9503: 9474: 9442: 9424: 9398: 9331: 9301: 9250: 9224: 9217: 9200: 9170: 9137: 9108: 9097:on 5 June 2012 9082: 9056: 9026: 8995: 8969: 8932: 8902: 8895: 8878: 8852: 8819: 8808:on 10 May 2013 8793: 8775: 8754: 8725: 8714:on 2 June 2012 8694: 8663: 8634: 8603: 8573: 8543: 8513: 8483: 8451: 8422: 8391: 8361: 8331: 8301: 8282:(3): 489–512. 8266: 8236: 8206: 8176: 8146: 8128: 8109: 8086: 8066: 8036: 8005: 8003:Lumans, p. 400 7996: 7987: 7978: 7969: 7960: 7951: 7916: 7914:Lumans, p. 391 7907: 7898: 7896:Lumans, p. 349 7889: 7880: 7853: 7823: 7806:www.mfa.gov.lv 7793: 7763: 7760:. p. 334. 7745: 7736: 7712: 7703: 7694: 7682: 7675: 7667:Between Giants 7636: 7612: 7582: 7555: 7535: 7498: 7489: 7480: 7454: 7424: 7409:(in Latvian). 7393: 7378:(in Latvian). 7370:"Jaunā strāva" 7360: 7299: 7266: 7231: 7224: 7206: 7173: 7136: 7117: 7097: 7086:(3): 287–300. 7070: 7038: 7012: 6981: 6962:(2): 129–161. 6946: 6933: 6902: 6872: 6863: 6844: 6824: 6797: 6782: 6752: 6741:on 10 May 2021 6722: 6691: 6661: 6624: 6603:"Data: Latvia" 6594: 6578: 6527: 6511: 6481: 6455: 6423: 6406: 6395:on 8 June 2021 6377: 6363: 6337: 6316: 6286: 6263: 6237: 6211: 6185: 6159: 6123: 6093: 6056: 6021: 5991: 5977:on 11 May 2011 5959: 5944: 5920: 5894: 5863: 5862: 5860: 5857: 5855: 5852: 5829:Mairis Briedis 5798:'s only major 5729:Rodions Kurucs 5717:Boston Celtics 5677:Valdis Valters 5610:Sandis Ozoliņš 5579:Main article: 5576: 5573: 5549:Main article: 5546: 5543: 5409:Main article: 5406: 5403: 5391:Main article: 5388: 5385: 5328:Main article: 5325: 5322: 5296:Jews in Latvia 5258:Riga Cathedral 5251: 5250: 5244: 5241:Roman Catholic 5238: 5220: 5219: 5216: 5213: 5211: 5204: 5203: 5200: 5197: 5195: 5191: 5190: 5187: 5184: 5182: 5176: 5175: 5172: 5169: 5167: 5161: 5160: 5157: 5154: 5152: 5146: 5145: 5142: 5139: 5137: 5131: 5130: 5128: 5126: 5123: 5122: 5116: 5115: 5110:Main article: 5107: 5104: 5068:branch of the 5035: 5032: 4972: 4969: 4949: 4948: 4945: 4942: 4940: 4936: 4935: 4932: 4929: 4927: 4923: 4922: 4919: 4916: 4914: 4910: 4909: 4906: 4903: 4901: 4897: 4896: 4893: 4890: 4888: 4884: 4883: 4880: 4877: 4875: 4871: 4870: 4867: 4864: 4862: 4858: 4857: 4855: 4853: 4850: 4849: 4843: 4842: 4831: 4830: 4823: 4822: 4821: 4816:Main article: 4813: 4810: 4775:Main article: 4772: 4769: 4747:), connecting 4729:standard gauge 4650:Main article: 4631: 4628: 4626: 4625:Infrastructure 4623: 4619: 4618: 4582:New York Times 4547:Main article: 4545: 4544: 4533:European Union 4475:European Union 4449:(light blue), 4435:Main article: 4432: 4429: 4387:ethnic Russian 4328:Main article: 4325: 4322: 4302: 4301: 4278: 4261: 4244: 4150:National Guard 4100:Main article: 4097: 4094: 4047:Nordic Council 3936:European Union 3920:Main article: 3917: 3914: 3844:Harmony Centre 3835: 3832: 3752:valstspilsētas 3710:Main article: 3656: 3653: 3597: 3596: 3593:Prime Minister 3585: 3573: 3572: 3565: 3540: 3537: 3522:European bison 3476:Motacilla alba 3386:Boreal Kingdom 3326:), corncrake ( 3266: 3263: 3214:(since 1973), 3204:national parks 3147: 3144: 3138: 3137: 3134: 3131: 3128: 3127:Strongest wind 3124: 3123: 3120: 3118:Vidzeme Upland 3115: 3112: 3104: 3103: 3100: 3098:Vidzeme Upland 3095: 3092: 3088: 3087: 3084: 3079: 3076: 3069: 3068: 3065: 3060: 3057: 3053: 3052: 3049: 3046: 3043: 3035: 3034: 3033:February 1956 3031: 3026: 3023: 3016: 3015: 3012: 3007: 3004: 2997: 2996: 2993: 2990: 2987: 2983: 2982: 2979: 2974: 2971: 2967: 2966: 2963: 2958: 2955: 2951: 2950: 2947: 2942: 2939: 2935: 2934: 2931: 2926: 2923: 2916: 2915: 2912: 2907: 2904: 2900: 2899: 2896: 2893: 2890: 2883: 2882: 2879: 2874: 2871: 2867: 2866: 2865:4 August 2014 2863: 2858: 2855: 2851: 2850: 2847: 2844: 2841: 2840:Weather record 2783: 2782: 2775: 2774: 2773: 2764: 2763: 2756: 2755: 2754: 2753: 2752: 2750: 2747: 2627:Main article: 2624: 2621: 2527:European Union 2518: 2515: 2480:naturalization 2436:Flag of Latvia 2373: 2370: 2240: 2237: 2218:Latvian Legion 2181:Einsatzgruppen 2136:Heim ins Reich 2132:Baltic Germans 2121:invaded Poland 2063: 2060: 1966:Pēteris Stučka 1950:Kārlis Ulmanis 1931:Kārlis Ulmanis 1885: 1882: 1808: 1805: 1779:Russian Empire 1730: 1727: 1711:Latvian people 1619:Swedish Empire 1584: 1581: 1573:Western Europe 1545:Medieval Latin 1537:crusader state 1505:Saint Meinhard 1495:Albert of Riga 1487:Turaida Castle 1471: 1468: 1361:Main article: 1358: 1355: 1307:, one of four 1296: 1293: 1261:United Nations 1245:European Union 1167:Kārlis Ulmanis 1110:belong to the 943: 942: 940: 939: 930: 907: 904: 903: 898: 892: 891: 886: 880: 879: 874: 868: 867: 854: 847: 844: 843: 830: 826: 825: 811: 807: 806: 787: 777: 776: 762: 752: 751: 746:$ 24,193 ( 739: 736: 733: 732: 720: 717: 714: 713: 710: 700: 699: 694:$ 41,730 ( 687: 684: 681: 680: 668: 665: 662: 661: 658: 644: 643: 636: 634:• Density 633: 630: 629: 622: 619: 616: 615: 609: 608: 605: 602: 599: 598: 591: 588: 585: 584: 578: 577: 574: 573: 571:21 August 1991 568: 562: 559: 558: 555: 547: 544: 543: 540: 537: 534: 533: 530: 524: 521: 520: 517: 516: 506: 499: 498: 493: 489: 488: 485: 484: 479: 473: 470: 469: 464: 461:Prime Minister 458: 455: 454: 449: 443: 440: 439: 436: 435: 430: 424: 423: 418: 412: 411: 409: 408: 402: 396: 394: 393: 392: 391: 385: 379: 373: 360: 357: 355: 352: 348: 347: 345: 344: 334: 328: 322: 316: 310: 304: 298: 292: 285: 283: 280: 274: 273: 264: 260: 259: 254: 250: 249: 242:56.950; 24.100 213: 210: 206: 205: 195:European Union 193:– in the 184: 183: 175: 174: 158: 138: 137: 130: 123: 122: 116: 109: 108: 107: 104: 103: 100: 99: 84: 69: 53: 52: 49: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 17700: 17689: 17686: 17684: 17681: 17679: 17676: 17674: 17671: 17669: 17666: 17664: 17661: 17659: 17656: 17654: 17651: 17649: 17646: 17644: 17641: 17639: 17638:Baltic states 17636: 17634: 17631: 17630: 17628: 17621: 17618: 17575: 17567: 17566: 17563: 17557: 17554: 17552: 17549: 17548: 17546: 17542: 17536: 17533: 17531: 17528: 17526: 17523: 17521: 17518: 17516: 17513: 17511: 17508: 17506: 17503: 17501: 17498: 17497: 17495: 17491: 17485: 17482: 17480: 17477: 17475: 17472: 17471: 17469: 17465: 17455: 17452: 17451: 17449: 17445: 17439: 17436: 17434: 17431: 17429: 17426: 17424: 17421: 17419: 17416: 17414: 17411: 17409: 17406: 17404: 17401: 17399: 17396: 17394: 17391: 17389: 17386: 17384: 17381: 17379: 17376: 17374: 17371: 17369: 17366: 17364: 17361: 17359: 17356: 17354: 17351: 17349: 17346: 17344: 17341: 17339: 17336: 17334: 17331: 17329: 17326: 17325: 17323: 17319: 17313: 17310: 17308: 17305: 17303: 17300: 17298: 17295: 17293: 17290: 17289: 17287: 17283: 17277: 17274: 17272: 17271:New Brunswick 17269: 17267: 17264: 17263: 17261: 17257: 17251: 17248: 17246: 17243: 17241: 17238: 17236: 17233: 17231: 17228: 17226: 17223: 17221: 17218: 17216: 17213: 17211: 17208: 17206: 17203: 17201: 17198: 17196: 17193: 17191: 17188: 17186: 17183: 17181: 17178: 17176: 17173: 17171: 17168: 17166: 17163: 17161: 17158: 17156: 17153: 17151: 17148: 17146: 17143: 17141: 17138: 17136: 17133: 17131: 17128: 17126: 17123: 17121: 17120:Guinea-Bissau 17118: 17116: 17113: 17111: 17108: 17106: 17103: 17101: 17098: 17096: 17093: 17091: 17088: 17086: 17083: 17081: 17078: 17076: 17073: 17071: 17068: 17066: 17063: 17061: 17058: 17056: 17053: 17051: 17048: 17046: 17043: 17041: 17038: 17036: 17033: 17031: 17028: 17026: 17023: 17021: 17018: 17016: 17013: 17011: 17008: 17006: 17003: 17001: 16998: 16996: 16993: 16992: 16990: 16986: 16983: 16981: 16977: 16973: 16966: 16961: 16959: 16954: 16952: 16947: 16946: 16943: 16931: 16928: 16926: 16923: 16921: 16918: 16916: 16913: 16912: 16910: 16906: 16900: 16897: 16895: 16894:United States 16892: 16890: 16887: 16885: 16882: 16880: 16877: 16875: 16872: 16870: 16867: 16866: 16864: 16860: 16854: 16851: 16849: 16846: 16844: 16841: 16839: 16836: 16834: 16831: 16829: 16826: 16824: 16821: 16819: 16816: 16814: 16811: 16809: 16806: 16804: 16801: 16799: 16796: 16794: 16791: 16789: 16786: 16784: 16781: 16779: 16776: 16774: 16771: 16769: 16766: 16764: 16761: 16759: 16756: 16754: 16751: 16749: 16746: 16744: 16743:Liechtenstein 16741: 16739: 16736: 16734: 16731: 16729: 16726: 16724: 16721: 16719: 16716: 16714: 16711: 16709: 16706: 16704: 16701: 16699: 16696: 16694: 16691: 16689: 16686: 16684: 16681: 16679: 16676: 16674: 16671: 16669: 16666: 16664: 16661: 16659: 16656: 16654: 16651: 16649: 16646: 16644: 16641: 16639: 16636: 16634: 16631: 16629: 16626: 16625: 16623: 16621: 16617: 16611: 16608: 16606: 16603: 16601: 16598: 16596: 16593: 16591: 16588: 16586: 16583: 16581: 16578: 16576: 16573: 16571: 16568: 16566: 16563: 16562: 16560: 16556: 16552: 16545: 16540: 16538: 16533: 16531: 16526: 16525: 16522: 16511: 16507: 16503: 16502:UK membership 16496: 16490: 16487: 16485: 16482: 16480: 16477: 16475: 16472: 16470: 16467: 16465: 16462: 16460: 16457: 16455: 16452: 16450: 16447: 16445: 16442: 16440: 16437: 16435: 16432: 16430: 16427: 16425: 16422: 16420: 16417: 16415: 16412: 16410: 16407: 16405: 16402: 16400: 16397: 16395: 16392: 16390: 16387: 16385: 16382: 16380: 16377: 16373: 16368: 16365: 16363: 16360: 16358: 16355: 16353: 16350: 16349: 16347: 16345: 16341: 16336: 16324: 16319: 16316: 16312: 16307: 16306:Liechtenstein 16304: 16300: 16295: 16292: 16291: 16289: 16287: 16283: 16279: 16271: 16266: 16264: 16259: 16257: 16252: 16251: 16248: 16237: 16233: 16226: 16221: 16211: 16208: 16206: 16203: 16201: 16198: 16196: 16193: 16191: 16188: 16186: 16183: 16181: 16178: 16176: 16173: 16171: 16168: 16166: 16163: 16161: 16158: 16156: 16153: 16151: 16148: 16146: 16143: 16141: 16138: 16136: 16133: 16131: 16128: 16126: 16123: 16121: 16118: 16116: 16113: 16111: 16108: 16106: 16103: 16101: 16098: 16096: 16093: 16091: 16088: 16086: 16083: 16081: 16078: 16077: 16074: 16070: 16066: 16065:Member states 16059: 16054: 16052: 16047: 16045: 16040: 16039: 16036: 16024: 16016: 16014: 16006: 16005: 16002: 15994: 15991: 15989: 15986: 15985: 15983: 15981: 15978: 15976: 15973: 15971: 15968: 15966: 15963: 15962: 15960: 15956: 15948: 15945: 15943: 15940: 15939: 15937: 15935: 15932: 15930: 15927: 15925: 15922: 15921: 15919: 15915: 15907: 15904: 15902: 15899: 15897: 15894: 15892: 15889: 15888: 15886: 15884: 15881: 15879: 15876: 15875: 15873: 15869: 15863: 15860: 15856: 15853: 15852: 15851: 15848: 15847: 15845: 15841: 15836: 15824: 15821: 15819: 15816: 15814: 15813:Sovietization 15811: 15809: 15808:Guerrilla war 15806: 15805: 15804: 15801: 15797: 15794: 15793: 15792: 15789: 15785: 15782: 15780: 15777: 15776: 15775:Deportations 15774: 15770: 15767: 15765: 15762: 15760: 15757: 15755: 15752: 15750: 15747: 15746: 15745: 15742: 15740: 15737: 15735: 15732: 15730: 15727: 15726: 15724: 15720: 15714: 15703: 15701: 15690: 15688: 15677: 15676: 15673: 15669: 15668:Baltic states 15662: 15657: 15655: 15650: 15648: 15643: 15642: 15639: 15627: 15624: 15620: 15617: 15615: 15612: 15611: 15610: 15607: 15603: 15600: 15598: 15595: 15593: 15590: 15589: 15588: 15585: 15583: 15580: 15578: 15575: 15571: 15568: 15566: 15563: 15562: 15561: 15558: 15554: 15551: 15549: 15546: 15545: 15544: 15541: 15539: 15536: 15534: 15531: 15530: 15527: 15523: 15515: 15510: 15508: 15503: 15501: 15496: 15495: 15492: 15480: 15479: 15478:Europe portal 15474: 15470: 15468: 15467: 15458: 15457: 15452: 15448: 15445: 15442: 15439: 15436: 15435: 15431: 15420: 15416: 15412: 15409: 15407: 15404: 15402: 15399: 15397: 15394: 15393: 15391: 15387: 15380: 15376: 15372: 15369: 15368: 15366: 15362: 15355: 15351: 15347: 15344: 15343: 15341: 15337: 15334: 15327:Special areas 15324: 15310: 15307: 15305: 15302: 15298: 15295: 15293: 15290: 15288: 15285: 15284: 15283: 15280: 15279: 15277: 15275: 15271: 15264: 15260: 15257: 15254: 15251: 15250: 15247: 15244: 15240: 15232: 15229: 15228: 15227: 15226:Faroe Islands 15224: 15223: 15221: 15217: 15214: 15211: 15204: 15198: 15195: 15193: 15192:South Ossetia 15190: 15188: 15185: 15183: 15180: 15178: 15175: 15174: 15172: 15169: 15162: 15157: 15147: 15144: 15142: 15139: 15137: 15134: 15132: 15129: 15127: 15124: 15122: 15119: 15117: 15114: 15112: 15109: 15107: 15104: 15102: 15099: 15097: 15094: 15092: 15089: 15087: 15084: 15082: 15079: 15077: 15074: 15072: 15069: 15067: 15064: 15062: 15059: 15057: 15054: 15052: 15049: 15047: 15044: 15042: 15039: 15037: 15034: 15032: 15029: 15027: 15026:Liechtenstein 15024: 15022: 15019: 15017: 15014: 15012: 15009: 15007: 15004: 15002: 14999: 14997: 14994: 14992: 14989: 14987: 14984: 14982: 14979: 14977: 14974: 14972: 14969: 14967: 14964: 14962: 14959: 14957: 14954: 14952: 14949: 14947: 14944: 14942: 14939: 14937: 14934: 14932: 14929: 14927: 14924: 14922: 14919: 14917: 14914: 14912: 14909: 14907: 14904: 14902: 14899: 14898: 14896: 14894: 14890: 14886: 14882: 14875: 14870: 14868: 14863: 14861: 14856: 14855: 14852: 14846: 14839: 14827: 14824: 14822: 14819: 14818: 14813: 14809: 14808: 14804: 14794: 14791: 14789: 14786: 14784: 14781: 14779: 14776: 14774: 14771: 14769: 14766: 14764: 14763:Latvian names 14761: 14759: 14756: 14754: 14751: 14749: 14746: 14744: 14741: 14739: 14736: 14735: 14733: 14731: 14727: 14721: 14718: 14716: 14713: 14711: 14708: 14706: 14703: 14701: 14698: 14696: 14695:Ethnic groups 14693: 14691: 14688: 14686: 14683: 14681: 14678: 14677: 14674: 14671: 14669: 14665: 14655: 14652: 14650: 14647: 14645: 14642: 14640: 14637: 14635: 14632: 14630: 14627: 14625: 14622: 14620: 14617: 14615: 14612: 14611: 14608: 14605: 14603: 14599: 14589: 14586: 14584: 14580: 14576: 14574: 14571: 14569: 14566: 14564: 14561: 14559: 14556: 14554: 14551: 14549: 14546: 14542: 14539: 14538: 14537: 14534: 14530: 14527: 14526: 14525: 14522: 14520: 14517: 14515: 14512: 14510: 14507: 14505: 14502: 14501: 14498: 14495: 14493: 14489: 14479: 14476: 14474: 14471: 14469: 14466: 14464: 14461: 14459: 14456: 14455: 14452: 14449: 14447: 14443: 14438: 14428: 14425: 14423: 14420: 14418: 14415: 14411: 14408: 14407: 14406: 14405:Guerrilla war 14403: 14401: 14398: 14396: 14393: 14391: 14388: 14386: 14383: 14381: 14378: 14376: 14373: 14371: 14368: 14366: 14363: 14361: 14358: 14356: 14353: 14351: 14348: 14346: 14343: 14341: 14338: 14336: 14335:Terra Mariana 14333: 14331: 14328: 14326: 14325:Narva culture 14323: 14321: 14320:Kunda culture 14318: 14316: 14313: 14312: 14310: 14308: 14304: 14299: 14292: 14287: 14285: 14280: 14278: 14273: 14272: 14269: 14263: 14262:OpenStreetMap 14259: 14250: 14248: 14240: 14239: 14235: 14234: 14231: 14227: 14224: 14221: 14220: 14216: 14215: 14212: 14208: 14205: 14202: 14200: 14196: 14195:Archive index 14193: 14190: 14188: 14184: 14181: 14178: 14176: 14172: 14169: 14166: 14164: 14160: 14157: 14154: 14151: 14148: 14146: 14142: 14139: 14136: 14134: 14130: 14127: 14124: 14123: 14119: 14118: 14115: 14111: 14107: 14104: 14101: 14098: 14095: 14092: 14088: 14087: 14082: 14078: 14075: 14072: 14070: 14066: 14063: 14060: 14058: 14054: 14051: 14048: 14046: 14042: 14039: 14036: 14034: 14030: 14027: 14026:Latvia Online 14024: 14023: 14019: 14018: 14015: 14011: 14008: 14005: 14003: 13999: 13996: 13993: 13991: 13987: 13984: 13981: 13979: 13975: 13972: 13969: 13967: 13963: 13960: 13957: 13955: 13951: 13948: 13945: 13943: 13939: 13936: 13933: 13932: 13928: 13927: 13916: 13910: 13906: 13901: 13897: 13891: 13886: 13885: 13878: 13875: 13871: 13869: 13865: 13862: 13858: 13854: 13853: 13843: 13841:1-74059-132-1 13837: 13833: 13828: 13825: 13821: 13817: 13815:0-312-12060-5 13811: 13806: 13805: 13798: 13794: 13788: 13784: 13779: 13775: 13773:9781788312523 13769: 13765: 13764: 13758: 13754: 13752:0-300-05552-8 13748: 13744: 13740: 13736: 13732: 13730:0-7146-8351-5 13726: 13722: 13717: 13714: 13710: 13706: 13700: 13696: 13691: 13687: 13681: 13677: 13672: 13668: 13662: 13658: 13653: 13649: 13647:0-582-08246-3 13643: 13639: 13634: 13630: 13624: 13620: 13615: 13612: 13608: 13607: 13604:Baltic states 13597: 13591: 13587: 13582: 13578: 13574: 13570: 13565: 13562: 13558: 13554: 13548: 13544: 13539: 13535: 13529: 13525: 13520: 13516: 13510: 13506: 13501: 13497: 13496: 13490: 13484: 13480: 13478:0-8232-2627-1 13474: 13470: 13469: 13463: 13461: 13457: 13454: 13450: 13446: 13442: 13436: 13432: 13427: 13424: 13420: 13416: 13410: 13406: 13401: 13397: 13391: 13387: 13382: 13378: 13374: 13370: 13368:9984-38-038-6 13364: 13360: 13355: 13351: 13347: 13343: 13338: 13337: 13310: 13306: 13302: 13296: 13280: 13276: 13272: 13266: 13250: 13246: 13242: 13236: 13220: 13216: 13212: 13205: 13186: 13179: 13178: 13170: 13162: 13160:9984-736-27-X 13156: 13152: 13145: 13129: 13125: 13119: 13111: 13107: 13101: 13095: 13091: 13088: 13084: 13079: 13073: 13057: 13053: 13049: 13043: 13036: 13032: 13029: 13024: 13016: 13012: 13008: 13002: 12986: 12982: 12978: 12972: 12956: 12952: 12946: 12930: 12926: 12920: 12904: 12900: 12894: 12878: 12874: 12870: 12863: 12847: 12843: 12839: 12833: 12817: 12813: 12807: 12799: 12787: 12771: 12767: 12761: 12757: 12753: 12749: 12748: 12744:WIPO (2022). 12740: 12724: 12720: 12716: 12710: 12694: 12690: 12686: 12680: 12664: 12660: 12656: 12650: 12634: 12628: 12612: 12608: 12602: 12586: 12582: 12576: 12560: 12556: 12550: 12534: 12530: 12526: 12519: 12503: 12499: 12495: 12489: 12473: 12469: 12463: 12447: 12443: 12437: 12435: 12433: 12431: 12429: 12427: 12425: 12408: 12404: 12398: 12382: 12378: 12374: 12368: 12352: 12348: 12344: 12338: 12322: 12318: 12312: 12296: 12292: 12286: 12271:on 2 May 2012 12270: 12266: 12260: 12252: 12246: 12230: 12226: 12220: 12213: 12207: 12191: 12185: 12169: 12165: 12159: 12143: 12139: 12133: 12117: 12113: 12109: 12103: 12087: 12083: 12077: 12058: 12051: 12045: 12029: 12025: 12021: 12015: 11999: 11995: 11991: 11985: 11969: 11965: 11964:Latvenergo.lv 11961: 11955: 11939: 11935: 11929: 11913: 11909: 11903: 11887: 11883: 11877: 11861: 11855: 11839: 11835: 11831: 11825: 11808: 11804: 11798: 11796: 11779: 11775: 11769: 11761: 11755: 11739: 11735: 11728: 11712: 11708: 11701: 11694: 11690: 11687: 11681: 11672: 11670: 11668: 11651: 11647: 11643: 11636: 11620: 11616: 11610: 11594: 11590: 11584: 11568: 11564: 11560: 11554: 11552: 11550: 11533: 11529: 11523: 11504: 11497: 11491: 11483: 11479: 11475: 11471: 11467: 11463: 11460:(1): 81–100. 11459: 11455: 11448: 11432: 11428: 11427: 11422: 11416: 11400: 11396: 11392: 11386: 11370: 11366: 11359: 11343: 11339: 11335: 11329: 11313: 11309: 11305: 11299: 11283: 11279: 11278:The Economist 11275: 11269: 11253: 11250:. Apollo.lv. 11249: 11242: 11226: 11222: 11218: 11211: 11195: 11191: 11185: 11169: 11165: 11161: 11155: 11139: 11135: 11131: 11125: 11109: 11105: 11099: 11092: 11088: 11085: 11082: 11077: 11070: 11066: 11063: 11058: 11042: 11038: 11034: 11028: 11012: 11008: 11007:Freedom House 11004: 10998: 10982: 10978: 10974: 10968: 10952: 10948: 10944: 10938: 10922: 10918: 10914: 10908: 10892: 10888: 10884: 10878: 10859: 10855: 10854:The Economist 10848: 10842: 10826: 10822: 10821:Freedom House 10818: 10812: 10796: 10792: 10788: 10782: 10780: 10778: 10761: 10757: 10753: 10747: 10731: 10727: 10721: 10705: 10701: 10695: 10679: 10675: 10669: 10653: 10649: 10643: 10627: 10623: 10617: 10601: 10597: 10591: 10575: 10571: 10565: 10549: 10545: 10538: 10522: 10518: 10512: 10496: 10492: 10486: 10470: 10466: 10462: 10456: 10437: 10430: 10424: 10408: 10404: 10398: 10382: 10378: 10372: 10356: 10352: 10346: 10330: 10326: 10320: 10318: 10301: 10297: 10291: 10289: 10272: 10268: 10264: 10258: 10242: 10238: 10232: 10216: 10212: 10208: 10202: 10186: 10182: 10176: 10160: 10156: 10150: 10134: 10130: 10124: 10108: 10104: 10098: 10082: 10078: 10072: 10056: 10052: 10046: 10030: 10026: 10020: 10004: 10000: 9994: 9978: 9974: 9968: 9952: 9948: 9942: 9940: 9923: 9919: 9913: 9897: 9893: 9887: 9871: 9867: 9861: 9845: 9841: 9835: 9819: 9815: 9809: 9793: 9789: 9788:ecb.europa.eu 9785: 9778: 9762: 9758: 9754: 9748: 9732: 9728: 9724: 9718: 9702: 9698: 9694: 9688: 9672: 9668: 9664: 9658: 9642: 9638: 9634: 9628: 9612: 9608: 9604: 9597: 9581: 9577: 9573: 9567: 9551: 9547: 9543: 9537: 9521: 9517: 9513: 9507: 9491: 9487: 9484: 9478: 9471: 9467: 9464: 9461: 9457: 9454: 9446: 9438: 9434: 9428: 9412: 9408: 9402: 9394: 9390: 9385: 9380: 9376: 9372: 9367: 9362: 9358: 9354: 9350: 9346: 9342: 9335: 9319: 9315: 9311: 9305: 9297: 9291: 9272: 9268: 9261: 9254: 9238: 9234: 9228: 9220: 9218:9984-9482-3-4 9214: 9210: 9204: 9188: 9184: 9180: 9174: 9165: 9160: 9156: 9152: 9148: 9141: 9125: 9121: 9115: 9113: 9096: 9092: 9086: 9070: 9066: 9060: 9044: 9040: 9036: 9030: 9014: 9010: 9009:Lonely Planet 9006: 8999: 8983: 8979: 8973: 8957: 8953: 8947: 8945: 8943: 8941: 8939: 8937: 8920: 8916: 8915:www.lvportals 8912: 8906: 8898: 8892: 8888: 8882: 8866: 8862: 8856: 8840: 8836: 8832: 8826: 8824: 8807: 8803: 8797: 8789: 8785: 8779: 8771: 8767: 8761: 8759: 8742: 8738: 8732: 8730: 8713: 8709: 8703: 8701: 8699: 8682: 8678: 8672: 8670: 8668: 8651: 8647: 8641: 8639: 8622: 8618: 8614: 8607: 8591: 8587: 8583: 8577: 8561: 8557: 8553: 8547: 8531: 8527: 8523: 8517: 8501: 8497: 8496:Eurovision.tv 8493: 8487: 8468: 8461: 8455: 8439: 8435: 8432: 8426: 8410: 8406: 8402: 8395: 8379: 8375: 8371: 8365: 8349: 8345: 8341: 8335: 8319: 8315: 8311: 8305: 8297: 8293: 8289: 8285: 8281: 8277: 8270: 8254: 8250: 8246: 8240: 8224: 8220: 8216: 8210: 8194: 8190: 8186: 8180: 8164: 8160: 8156: 8150: 8142: 8138: 8132: 8116: 8112: 8106: 8102: 8101: 8093: 8091: 8084: 8083:9780271045627 8080: 8076: 8070: 8054: 8050: 8046: 8040: 8024: 8020: 8016: 8009: 8000: 7991: 7982: 7973: 7964: 7955: 7947: 7943: 7939: 7935: 7931: 7927: 7920: 7911: 7902: 7893: 7884: 7877: 7876: 7871: 7867: 7863: 7857: 7841: 7837: 7833: 7827: 7811: 7807: 7803: 7797: 7781: 7777: 7773: 7767: 7759: 7755: 7749: 7740: 7733: 7732:0-7425-5542-9 7729: 7725: 7719: 7717: 7710:Lumans, p. 79 7707: 7698: 7689: 7687: 7678: 7672: 7668: 7661: 7659: 7657: 7655: 7653: 7651: 7649: 7647: 7645: 7643: 7641: 7633: 7629: 7626: 7625: 7619: 7617: 7600: 7596: 7592: 7586: 7570: 7566: 7562: 7558: 7552: 7548: 7547: 7539: 7523: 7519: 7515: 7509: 7507: 7505: 7503: 7493: 7484: 7468: 7464: 7458: 7442: 7438: 7434: 7428: 7412: 7408: 7404: 7397: 7381: 7377: 7376: 7371: 7364: 7345: 7341: 7337: 7333: 7329: 7325: 7321: 7317: 7310: 7303: 7287: 7283: 7279: 7273: 7271: 7254: 7250: 7246: 7240: 7238: 7236: 7227: 7221: 7217: 7210: 7191: 7184: 7177: 7168: 7162: 7146: 7140: 7124: 7120: 7114: 7110: 7109: 7101: 7093: 7089: 7085: 7081: 7074: 7058: 7054: 7053: 7048: 7042: 7027: 7023: 7016: 7000: 6996: 6992: 6985: 6977: 6973: 6969: 6965: 6961: 6957: 6950: 6943: 6937: 6921: 6917: 6913: 6906: 6890: 6886: 6882: 6876: 6867: 6851: 6847: 6841: 6837: 6836: 6828: 6812: 6808: 6801: 6793: 6786: 6770: 6766: 6762: 6756: 6740: 6736: 6732: 6726: 6710: 6706: 6702: 6695: 6679: 6675: 6671: 6665: 6649: 6645: 6639: 6637: 6635: 6633: 6631: 6629: 6612: 6608: 6604: 6598: 6592: 6588: 6582: 6566: 6562: 6558: 6554: 6550: 6546: 6542: 6538: 6531: 6525: 6524:0-333-27830-5 6521: 6515: 6499: 6495: 6491: 6485: 6469: 6465: 6459: 6440: 6433: 6427: 6420: 6416: 6410: 6394: 6390: 6387: 6381: 6373: 6367: 6351: 6347: 6341: 6334: 6330: 6327:, Latgalian: 6326: 6320: 6304: 6300: 6296: 6290: 6284: 6280: 6276: 6272: 6267: 6251: 6247: 6241: 6225: 6222:. Likumi.lv. 6221: 6215: 6199: 6195: 6189: 6173: 6169: 6163: 6144: 6140: 6133: 6127: 6111: 6107: 6103: 6097: 6081: 6077: 6073: 6067: 6065: 6063: 6061: 6054: 6041: 6037: 6036: 6031: 6025: 6009: 6005: 6001: 5995: 5988: 5976: 5972: 5966: 5964: 5955: 5951: 5947: 5945:9789984342917 5941: 5937: 5933: 5927: 5925: 5908: 5904: 5898: 5882: 5878: 5871: 5869: 5864: 5851: 5849: 5844: 5842: 5838: 5833: 5830: 5825: 5823: 5819: 5815: 5811: 5807: 5805: 5801: 5797: 5793: 5789: 5785: 5781: 5776: 5774: 5770: 5766: 5762: 5758: 5757:EuroChallenge 5754: 5750: 5746: 5742: 5738: 5734: 5730: 5726: 5722: 5721:Dāvis Bertāns 5718: 5714: 5710: 5706: 5702: 5698: 5694: 5690: 5689:Gundars Vētra 5686: 5682: 5678: 5674: 5670: 5666: 5665:Jānis Krūmiņš 5662: 5658: 5654: 5650: 5646: 5637: 5633: 5631: 5627: 5623: 5619: 5615: 5611: 5607: 5603: 5599: 5591: 5587: 5582: 5572: 5570: 5566: 5562: 5557: 5552: 5542: 5540: 5536: 5532: 5528: 5524: 5520: 5517: 5512: 5509: 5505: 5500: 5498: 5494: 5489: 5485: 5480: 5478: 5473: 5469: 5460: 5456: 5454: 5450: 5444: 5442: 5438: 5430: 5426: 5422: 5417: 5412: 5402: 5400: 5394: 5384: 5382: 5376: 5373: 5371: 5367: 5363: 5359: 5355: 5351: 5342: 5337: 5331: 5321: 5317: 5315: 5311: 5310: 5305: 5301: 5297: 5293: 5289: 5284: 5282: 5281:Baltic states 5278: 5274: 5269: 5266: 5265:Eurobarometer 5259: 5255: 5248: 5245: 5242: 5239: 5236: 5233: 5232: 5231: 5229: 5212: 5210: 5205: 5196: 5192: 5183: 5181: 5180:Old Believers 5177: 5168: 5166: 5162: 5153: 5151: 5147: 5138: 5136: 5132: 5127: 5124: 5119: 5113: 5103: 5101: 5097: 5093: 5088: 5086: 5081: 5079: 5075: 5071: 5067: 5063: 5059: 5055: 5051: 5047: 5041: 5031: 5027: 5023: 5019: 5015: 5013: 5009: 5005: 5000: 4998: 4994: 4990: 4986: 4982: 4978: 4971:Ethnic groups 4968: 4966: 4957: 4941: 4937: 4928: 4924: 4915: 4911: 4902: 4898: 4889: 4885: 4876: 4872: 4863: 4859: 4854: 4851: 4846: 4837: 4833: 4827: 4819: 4809: 4807: 4803: 4798: 4796: 4792: 4789:(402 MW) and 4788: 4784: 4778: 4768: 4766: 4762: 4759:, connecting 4758: 4755:, as well as 4754: 4750: 4746: 4742: 4736: 4734: 4730: 4726: 4725:Baltic States 4722: 4721:Russian gauge 4718: 4714: 4712: 4708: 4707:Baltic States 4704: 4700: 4696: 4695:Baltic states 4692: 4688: 4686: 4682: 4681:Baltic states 4678: 4674: 4670: 4666: 4662: 4657: 4653: 4645: 4644:Baltic states 4641: 4636: 4622: 4616: 4615: 4614: 4611: 4605: 4601: 4600:argued that: 4599: 4595: 4589: 4585: 4583: 4579: 4575: 4571: 4564: 4560: 4555: 4550: 4542: 4541: 4540: 4536: 4534: 4530: 4526: 4520: 4517: 4516:Privatisation 4513: 4511: 4510:trade balance 4507: 4503: 4499: 4494: 4492: 4486: 4484: 4480: 4476: 4472: 4463: 4456: 4455:Schengen Area 4452: 4448: 4443: 4438: 4428: 4426: 4422: 4418: 4414: 4411: 4407: 4403: 4398: 4396: 4392: 4388: 4383: 4381: 4375: 4373: 4369: 4365: 4364:press freedom 4361: 4357: 4356:Freedom House 4350: 4346: 4342: 4337: 4331: 4321: 4317: 4315: 4311: 4307: 4299: 4295: 4291: 4287: 4283: 4279: 4276: 4272: 4268: 4265: 4262: 4259: 4255: 4251: 4248: 4245: 4242: 4238: 4234: 4233: 4232: 4229: 4227: 4223: 4219: 4215: 4211: 4210:Baltic states 4206: 4202: 4199: 4195: 4191: 4187: 4183: 4179: 4175: 4170: 4165: 4163: 4159: 4155: 4151: 4147: 4143: 4139: 4135: 4131: 4123: 4119: 4113: 4108: 4103: 4093: 4089: 4087: 4083: 4078: 4076: 4072: 4068: 4064: 4060: 4055: 4053: 4048: 4044: 4040: 4036: 4032: 4028: 4024: 4020: 4016: 4015:Baltic states 4007: 4003: 4001: 3995: 3993: 3989: 3983: 3981: 3977: 3976:Schengen Area 3973: 3969: 3965: 3961: 3957: 3953: 3949: 3945: 3941: 3937: 3928: 3923: 3913: 3911: 3907: 3903: 3899: 3895: 3891: 3887: 3882: 3880: 3876: 3872: 3868: 3864: 3860: 3855: 3853: 3849: 3845: 3841: 3831: 3829: 3825: 3821: 3817: 3813: 3809: 3805: 3801: 3797: 3793: 3789: 3785: 3781: 3777: 3773: 3769: 3765: 3761: 3757: 3753: 3749: 3745: 3741: 3737: 3736:unitary state 3731: 3727: 3723: 3719: 3713: 3704: 3698: 3691: 3684: 3677: 3670: 3661: 3649: 3645: 3640: 3636: 3634: 3630: 3626: 3622: 3618: 3614: 3610: 3609: 3604: 3601:The 100-seat 3594: 3589: 3586: 3583: 3578: 3575: 3574: 3570: 3566: 3563: 3559: 3558: 3554: 3550: 3546: 3536: 3534: 3531: 3527: 3523: 3519: 3514: 3512: 3508: 3504: 3500: 3496: 3495: 3490: 3486: 3485:baltā cielava 3482: 3478: 3477: 3472: 3468: 3464: 3463: 3458: 3454: 3450: 3446: 3445: 3444:Tilia cordata 3440: 3436: 3432: 3428: 3427: 3426:Quercus robur 3422: 3417: 3415: 3411: 3410:Norway spruce 3407: 3403: 3399: 3395: 3391: 3387: 3383: 3379: 3375: 3373: 3372: 3367: 3366: 3361: 3360: 3355: 3354: 3349: 3348: 3343: 3342: 3337: 3336: 3331: 3330: 3325: 3324: 3323:Ciconia nigra 3318: 3316: 3312: 3308: 3304: 3300: 3296: 3292: 3288: 3284: 3276: 3275:white wagtail 3271: 3262: 3260: 3255: 3250: 3248: 3243: 3239: 3237: 3233: 3229: 3225: 3221: 3217: 3213: 3209: 3205: 3200: 3196: 3193: 3189: 3185: 3181: 3177: 3173: 3169: 3168:Daugava River 3164: 3160: 3152: 3143: 3135: 3133:Not specified 3132: 3129: 3126: 3125: 3121: 3119: 3116: 3113: 3110: 3109:thunderstorms 3106: 3105: 3101: 3099: 3096: 3093: 3090: 3089: 3086:January 1907 3085: 3083: 3080: 3077: 3075: 3071: 3070: 3066: 3064: 3061: 3058: 3055: 3054: 3050: 3047: 3044: 3041: 3037: 3036: 3032: 3030: 3027: 3024: 3022: 3018: 3017: 3013: 3011: 3008: 3005: 3003: 2999: 2998: 2994: 2991: 2988: 2985: 2984: 2980: 2978: 2975: 2972: 2969: 2968: 2964: 2962: 2959: 2956: 2953: 2952: 2948: 2946: 2943: 2940: 2937: 2936: 2932: 2930: 2927: 2924: 2922: 2921:precipitation 2918: 2917: 2913: 2911: 2908: 2905: 2902: 2901: 2898:24 June 1982 2897: 2894: 2891: 2889: 2885: 2884: 2880: 2878: 2875: 2872: 2869: 2868: 2864: 2862: 2859: 2856: 2853: 2852: 2848: 2845: 2842: 2839: 2838: 2835: 2830: 2826: 2824: 2819: 2817: 2813: 2809: 2808: 2802: 2798: 2795:Latvia has a 2779: 2760: 2746: 2744: 2740: 2736: 2732: 2728: 2724: 2720: 2716: 2711: 2709: 2705: 2701: 2697: 2693: 2689: 2684: 2682: 2678: 2674: 2670: 2666: 2662: 2654: 2649: 2644: 2640: 2639:Baltic states 2636: 2630: 2620: 2618: 2614: 2610: 2606: 2602: 2598: 2594: 2590: 2586: 2582: 2578: 2574: 2570: 2566: 2561: 2559: 2555: 2551: 2546: 2544: 2540: 2536: 2532: 2528: 2524: 2514: 2512: 2508: 2504: 2496: 2495:Lisbon Treaty 2491: 2487: 2485: 2481: 2477: 2472: 2468: 2464: 2462: 2458: 2454: 2450: 2449: 2444: 2441:In 1989, the 2439: 2437: 2433: 2429: 2425: 2421: 2417: 2413: 2409: 2401: 2397: 2392: 2387: 2383: 2379: 2369: 2365: 2363: 2359: 2355: 2351: 2347: 2343: 2337: 2334: 2330: 2322: 2319:shack in the 2318: 2313: 2309: 2307: 2303: 2302:Baltic states 2300:in all three 2299: 2295: 2290: 2288: 2284: 2283:collectivised 2278: 2276: 2267: 2263: 2259: 2254: 2250: 2246: 2236: 2234: 2229: 2227: 2223: 2219: 2215: 2210: 2208: 2203: 2202:the Holocaust 2199: 2195: 2194: 2188: 2186: 2182: 2178: 2173: 2171: 2167: 2158: 2154: 2153: 2151: 2146: 2140: 2137: 2133: 2128: 2126: 2122: 2118: 2114: 2110: 2106: 2098: 2095:troops enter 2094: 2090: 2085: 2081: 2077: 2073: 2069: 2059: 2057: 2053: 2049: 2044: 2042: 2038: 2034: 2033: 2028: 2023: 2021: 2017: 2013: 2009: 2005: 2000: 1998: 1997: 1992: 1988: 1987: 1982: 1979: 1978:Baltic-German 1975: 1971: 1967: 1963: 1959: 1955: 1954:Tautas padome 1951: 1947: 1942: 1939: 1938:August Winnig 1934: 1932: 1928: 1924: 1920: 1916: 1912: 1908: 1904: 1898: 1894: 1890: 1881: 1879: 1875: 1871: 1867: 1863: 1862:Russification 1859: 1855: 1851: 1847: 1843: 1839: 1838:Young Latvian 1835: 1831: 1827: 1818: 1813: 1804: 1802: 1798: 1794: 1790: 1788: 1784: 1780: 1776: 1772: 1768: 1764: 1760: 1756: 1752: 1749:, ending the 1748: 1744: 1740: 1736: 1726: 1724: 1721:under Polish/ 1720: 1716: 1712: 1708: 1703: 1701: 1697: 1693: 1689: 1685: 1681: 1677: 1672: 1670: 1666: 1662: 1659:, formed the 1658: 1654: 1650: 1646: 1642: 1638: 1634: 1626: 1620: 1615: 1610: 1606: 1602: 1598: 1589: 1580: 1578: 1574: 1570: 1566: 1562: 1558: 1554: 1550: 1547:for "Land of 1546: 1542: 1541:Terra Mariana 1538: 1534: 1530: 1524: 1522: 1518: 1514: 1510: 1506: 1502: 1496: 1492: 1488: 1484: 1480: 1478: 1477:Daugava River 1467: 1465: 1461: 1457: 1453: 1449: 1445: 1441: 1437: 1433: 1429: 1424: 1422: 1418: 1414: 1410: 1406: 1402: 1399:(in Latvian: 1398: 1394: 1390: 1386: 1382: 1378: 1374: 1370: 1364: 1354: 1352: 1348: 1344: 1343:latinisations 1340: 1336: 1333: 1329: 1325: 1321: 1317: 1313: 1312:Baltic tribes 1310: 1309:Indo-European 1306: 1302: 1292: 1290: 1286: 1282: 1278: 1274: 1270: 1266: 1262: 1258: 1254: 1250: 1246: 1242: 1238: 1234: 1230: 1225: 1223: 1220: 1216: 1212: 1208: 1204: 1200: 1196: 1192: 1188: 1184: 1180: 1176: 1172: 1168: 1164: 1160: 1156: 1152: 1151:German Empire 1148: 1144: 1140: 1136: 1131: 1129: 1125: 1121: 1117: 1113: 1109: 1105: 1101: 1097: 1093: 1089: 1085: 1081: 1077: 1074:, along with 1073: 1072:Baltic states 1069: 1065: 1064:Baltic region 1061: 1056: 1049: 1045: 1041: 1040: 1031: 998: 997: 986: 979: 949: 937: 936: 928: 924: 920: 916: 912: 908: 905: 902: 899: 897: 893: 890: 887: 885: 884:ISO 3166 code 881: 878: 875: 873: 869: 865: 859: 855: 851: 845: 841: 835: 831: 827: 823: 819: 815: 812: 808: 804: 788: 782: 778: 763: 757: 753: 749: 740: 734: 730: 721: 715: 711: 705: 701: 697: 688: 682: 678: 669: 663: 659: 655: 649: 645: 641: 637: 631: 627: 623: 617: 614: 610: 606: 600: 596: 592: 586: 583: 579: 575: 572: 569: 566: 560: 556: 552: 545: 541: 535: 531: 528: 522: 518: 514: 510: 504: 500: 497: 494: 490: 486: 483: 482:Daiga Mieriņa 480: 477: 471: 468: 465: 462: 456: 453: 450: 447: 441: 437: 434: 431: 429: 425: 422: 419: 417: 413: 407: 403: 401: 397: 390: 386: 384: 380: 378: 374: 372: 368: 367: 366: 362: 361: 359: 358: 356: 349: 342: 335: 333: 329: 327: 323: 321: 317: 315: 311: 309: 305: 303: 299: 297: 293: 291: 287: 286: 284: 279: 275: 272: 268: 265: 261: 258: 255: 251: 246: 217: 214: 207: 202: 200: 196: 190: 181: 176: 150: 149: 143: 139: 133: 127: 119: 113: 105: 96: 89: 85: 81: 74: 70: 66: 59: 55: 54: 47: 44: 40: 33: 19: 17590: 17467:Organization 17377: 17025:Burkina Faso 16899:EU relations 16737: 16558:Institutions 16433: 16323:EU relations 16311:EU relations 16299:EU relations 16154: 15988:in athletics 15924:Baltic Tiger 15891:Air Policing 15699: 15576: 15476: 15464: 15197:Transnistria 15146:Vatican City 15020: 14748:Coat of arms 14680:Demographics 14619:Central bank 14582:(parliament) 14578: 14536:Human rights 14509:Constitution 14422:Independence 14297: 14084: 13904: 13883: 13873: 13856: 13831: 13823: 13803: 13782: 13761: 13742: 13720: 13712: 13694: 13675: 13656: 13637: 13618: 13610: 13585: 13568: 13560: 13542: 13523: 13504: 13493: 13467: 13448: 13430: 13422: 13404: 13385: 13358: 13341: 13328:Bibliography 13313:. 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