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Sessions (which later became known as
Magistrates' Courts) would henceforth consist solely of a resident magistrate sitting alone. Since the passing of the Justice (Northern Ireland) Act 2002, two lay magistrates sit with the district judge in Youth Court (criminal proceedings involving children) and Family Proceedings Court (family law) matters, but the judge still sits alone in other matters. Where lay magistrates sit with the judge, the judge presides and guides the lay magistrates in the law. The position was renamed District Judge (Magistrates Court) in 2008.
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the post. Although appointed to the position of
Resident Magistrate, the Provisional Government only publicly described these individuals as District Justices, and brought in legislation in 1923 (the District Justices (Temporary Provisions) Act 1923) to officially change the name of the position. The
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Governor James
Stirling introduced the position of the Resident Magistrate or the government resident in the early 1830s as a means of assisting the Perth centre in the administration of the various and the small and distant settlements located throughout the Swan River Colony. Those appointed were
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placed all of the RMs on leave, and at the end of
September 1922 it terminated all commissions of the peace, effectively dismissing all the RMs and justices of the peace. This was not quite the end of the office of Resident Magistrate, as it then proceeded to appoint 27 solicitors and barristers to
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The position continued as before in
Northern Ireland until 1935, when the Summary Jurisdiction and Criminal Justice Act (Northern Ireland) was passed. From then on Resident Magistrates had to be legally qualified solicitors or barristers in Northern Ireland of at least six years' standing. Petty
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Although not a fulltime position the
Resident Magistrates 'were expected to maintain law and order; register births, marriages and deaths; control and protect the Aborigines; care for public buildings and works; and supervise all other government officers in the district, if there were any, or
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The role of resident magistrate was created on a somewhat trial basis in 1814, and extended to the entire country by the
Constabulary (Ireland) Act 1836. The resident magistrate was supposed to sit amongst the justices at Petty Sessions—the courts of summary jurisdiction in pre-independence
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The role was often criticised as being under the influence of the Dublin Castle administration, and Irish politicians often cited the "RM" as really standing for "Removable
Magistrate", since they held office at the Lord Lieutenant's pleasure and could be removed.
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usually prominent local farmers or businessmen as well as men who had some military background. As the representative of the
Colonial Government, the Resident Magistrate was considered to be very powerful in the district and it was a position of certain status.
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where magistrates courts mainly consist of benches of three lay justices and there are only a minority of paid district judges (magistrates' courts). In
Scotland Justice of the Peace Courts are also primarily staffed by lay magistrates.
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Ireland—and guide the justices to apply the law impartially. In reality they came to preside at Petty Sessions, and even sit alone without justices. RMs did not need to be legally trained in pre-independence Ireland, and many were ex-
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The office of RM was unique in the United Kingdom to Ireland, and in the 20th century, led to the modern position in both Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland whereby courts of summary jurisdiction (the
31:, it refers to suitably qualified personnel—notably well versed in the law—brought into an area from outside as the local magistrate, typically to be the guiding hand amongst other lay magistrates.
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for Southern Africa, the last Military Administrator stayed on as the first of only two Deputy magistrates, the highest British colonial official actually resident in the Strip:
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They acted as the Chairmen of the local Courts of Petty Sessions and Small Debts, and from 1863 were given the legal authority to determine court cases alone.
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In the part of Ireland that was to become the Irish Free State, Petty Sessions could not be held for many years due to the
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officers. The "Resident" referred to the requirement that the magistrate live in the county to which he was assigned.
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In pre-independence Ireland, a Resident Magistrate was a stipendary magistrate appointed to a county (outside of the
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in Northern Ireland), are composed of legally qualified district judges sitting alone. This is in sharp contrast to
213:, published in 1899 focused on a fictional Irish RM, Major Yeates. Two sequels were written and a TV programme,
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used in certain parts of the world, that were, or are, governed by the British. Sometimes abbreviated as
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In some parts of western counties in the later 1800s at the time of the Famine, and then the
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otherwise perform the work of all branches of government themselves as required'.
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Resident magistrates' courts remain in operation as one of the divisions of the
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since 21 September 1914 formally came under the administration of the British
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De Garis, B (1981). "Political Tutelage 1829-1870". In Stannage, C.T. (ed.).
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November 1880 – 7 August 1884 Benjamin Musgrave, staying on as Magistrate
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finally abolished the office and transferred its jurisdiction to the
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The Cylopedia of Western Australia, Vol. 1, 1912, Facsimile Edition
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functions in a few minor, isolated colonial settlements, such as:
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Person transplanted to a British colony as a local magistrate
396:. University of Western Australia Press. pp. 307–308.
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421:. Hesperian Press. pp. 364–367.
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394:A New History of Western Australia
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303:23 January
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57:Walvisbaai
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256:When the
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