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443:, it may itself become bleak and dystopian. This pessimistic retrofuturism is often imagined with technological advancement either being the downfall of humanity or being the last hope for humanity. In such cases, the alternative reality inspires fear, not hope, though it may still be coupled with nostalgia for a world of greater moral as well as mechanical transparency. It has been argued that retrofuturism, through finding hope in the disappointment and dystopia, and using that hope to push towards a brighter future, can be optimistic. Similarly, the visions of utopias depicted in retrofuturistic pieces can re-instill that hopefulness in audiences that have lost it.
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failed to materialize. Retrofuturism suggests an alternative path, and in addition to pure nostalgia, may act as a reminder of older but now forgotten ideals. This dissatisfaction also manifests as political commentary in
Retrofuturistic literature, in which visionary nostalgia is paradoxically linked to a utopian future modelled after conservative values as seen in the example of Fox News' use of
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1087:. To critics such as Niklas Maak, the term suggests that the "future style" is "a mere quotation of its own iconographic tradition" and retrofuturism is little more than "an aesthetic feedback loop" In the example seen at right, the upper portion of the building is not intended to be integrated with the building but rather to appear as a separate object—a huge
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showed a 1930s radio on the cover, its inlay (which for its later CD re-release was widely expanded as a booklet illustrated in the same nostalgic style) showed the band photographed in black and white with old-fashioned suits and hairdos, and the music in its instrumentation as well as its ambiguous
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magazine writer. "For the last 20 years, fashion has reviewed the times of past, decade by decade, and what we are seeing now is a combination of different eras into one complete look. Future fashion is a style beyond anything we've yet dared to wear, and it's going to be a trend setter's paradise."
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Although loosely affiliated with early-twentieth century
Futurism, retrofuturism draws from a wider range of sources. To be sure, retrofuturist art and literature often draws from the factories, buildings, cities, and transportation systems of the machine age. But it might be said that 20th century
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Both retrofuturistic trends in themselves refer to no specific time. When a time period is supplied for a story, it might be a counterfactual present with unique technology; a fantastic version of the future; or an alternate past in which the imagined (fictitious or projected) inventions of the past
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In practice, the two trends cannot be sharply distinguished, as they mutually contribute to similar visions. Retrofuturism of the first type is inevitably influenced by the scientific, technological, and social awareness of the present, and modern retrofuturistic creations are never simply copies of
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onwards, Kraftwerk have largely abandoned their retro notions and appear mainly futuristic only. The only references to their earlier retro style today appear in excerpts from their 1970s' promo clips that are projected in between more modern segments in their stage shows during the performance of
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Aspects of this form of retrofuturism can also be associated with the late 1970s and early 1980s the neo-Constructivist revival that emerged in art and design circles. Designers like David King in the UK and Paula Scher in the US imitated the cool, futuristic look of the
Russian avant-garde in the
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Although Raygun Gothic is most similar to the Googie or
Populuxe style and sometimes synonymous with it, the name is primarily applied to images of science fiction. The style is also still a popular choice for retro sci-fi in film and video games. Raygun Gothic's primary influences include the set
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One of the recurring themes in this genre is the fascination with electricity as a mysterious force, often considered a utopian power source of the future. It's occasionally portrayed as having mystical healing properties, akin to how nuclear energy was perceived in the mid-20th century. Steampunk
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The term "steampunk" was among the early subgenres recognized, emerging in the late 1980s. It presents a generally more optimistic and brighter outlook compared to cyberpunk. Steampunk is typically set in an alternate history closely resembling our own from the late 18th century, particularly the
435:. Retrofuturism which stems from an optimistic viewpoint tends to be an imagined futuristic society that comes from an advancement in technology in order to explore for the sake of science. Retrofuturism is not universally optimistic, and when its points of reference touch on gloomy periods like
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A similar theme is dissatisfaction with the modern world itself. A world of high-speed air transport, computers, and space stations is (by any past standard) "futuristic"; yet the search for alternative and perhaps more promising futures suggests a feeling that the desired or expected future has
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Retrofuturistic clothing is a particular imagined vision of the clothing that might be worn in the distant future, typically found in science fiction and science fiction films of the 1940s onwards, but also in journalism and other popular culture. The garments envisioned have most commonly been
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hopefully could happen again". Design historian
Elizabeth Guffey has written that if Kraftwerk's machine imagery was lifted from Russian design motifs that were once considered futuristic, they also presented a "compelling, if somewhat chilling, vision of the world in which musical ecstasy is
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Modern electro style, influenced by
Detroit-based artist in the early 80s (such as Drexciya, Aux 88, Cybotron). This style blend old analog gear (Roland Tr-808 and synths) and sampling methods from the 80's with modern approach of electro. The records labels involved in this journey are AMZS
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312:, many commentators began to question the benefits of applied science. But they also wondered, sometimes in awe, sometimes in confusion, at the scientific positivism evinced by earlier generations. Retrofuturism "seeped into academic and popular culture in the 1960s and 1970s", inflecting
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The import of retrofuturism has, in recent years, come under considerable discussion. Some, like the German architecture critic Niklas Maak, see retrofuturism as "nothing more than an aesthetic feedback loop recalling a lost belief in progress, the old images of the once radically new".
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on display there; where futurists took their promise for granted, retro-futurism emerged as a more skeptical reaction to these dreams." It took its current shape in the 1970s, a time when technology was rapidly changing. From the advent of the personal computer to the birth of the first
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alike". Surveying the optimistic futurism of the early twentieth century, historians Joe Corn and Brian
Horrigan remind us that retrofuturism is "a history of an idea, or a system of ideas—an ideology. The future, of course, does not exist except as an act of belief or imagination."
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The first trend, retrofuturism proper, is directly inspired by the imagined future which existed in the minds of writers, artists, and filmmakers in the pre-1960 period who attempted to predict the future, either in serious projections of existing technology (e.g. in magazines like
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Although retrofuturism, due to the varying time-periods and futuristic visions to which it alludes, does not provide a unified thematic purpose or experience, a common thread is dissatisfaction or discomfort with the present, to which retrofuturism provides a nostalgic contrast.
228:. The ad talks of jewellery that is "silverized steel and sleek grey linked for a retro-futuristic look". In an example more related to retrofuturism as an exploration of past visions of the future, the term appears in the form of “retro-futurist” in a 1984 review of the film
300:, this period was characterized by intense and rapid technological change. But many in the general public began to question whether applied science would achieve its earlier promise—that life would inevitably improve through technological progress. In the wake of the
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tapped into a larger retrofuturist vision, by combining their futuristic pioneering electronic music with nostalgic visuals. Kraftwerk's retro-futurism in their 1970s visual language has been referred to by German literary critic Uwe SchĂĽtte, a reader at
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that their intention was to visually resemble "an interwar string orchestra electrified" and that the background was meant to be a pictorial
Switzerland where the band was making a resting stop in-between two legs of their European tour on the eponymous
789:": "Cohen introduced us and explained that Dialta was the prime mover behind the latest Barris-Watford project, an illustrated history of what she called 'American Streamlined Modern'. Cohen called it 'raygun Gothic'. Their working title was
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genres, or the embrace of any and all possible technologies found in some science-fiction, retrofuturism calls for a human-scale, largely comprehensible technology, amenable to tinkering and less opaque than modern black-box technology.
366:, a term applying both to the retrojection of futuristic technology into an alternative Victorian age, and the application of neo-Victorian styles to modern technology, is a highly successful version of this second trend. In the movie
893:), the song lyrics referenced the "elegance and decadence" of an urban interwar Europe, and in the promo clip made for the album's title song (shot in black and white on purpose) and other promotional material, the eponymous
654:, with a more sophisticated form), set in alternate versions of an era located circa in the period of the 1920s–1950s. Early examples include the 1970s concept albums, their designs and marketing materials of the German band
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in 1981. This album follows a man who wakes up in the year 2095 and how he reacts to this sudden change as well as his longing to be back in 1981. There are multiple descriptions of life and what technology is like in
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only incidentally attached to a conventional building. This appears intended not to evoke an even remotely possible future, but rather a past imagination of that future, or a reembracing of the futuristic vision of
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of futuristic clothing has now become part of the idea of retrofuturism. Futuristic fashion plays on these now-hackneyed stereotypes, and recycles them as elements into the creation of real-world clothing fashions.
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The most recently named and recognized retrofuturistic genre is dieselpunk aka decodence (the term dieselpunk is often associated with a more pulpish form and decodence, named after the contemporary art movement of
207:. Primarily reflected in artistic creations and modified technologies that realize the imagined artifacts of its parallel reality, retrofuturism can be seen as "an animating perspective on the world".
1015:"We've actually seen this look creeping up on the runway as early as 1995, though it hasn't been widely popular or acceptable street wear even through 2008," said Brooke Kelley, fashion editor and
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design. As applied to fiction, this brand of retrofuturistic visual style began to take shape in
William Gibson's short story "The Gernsback Continuum". Here and elsewhere it is referred to as
215:
The word retrofuturism is formed by the addition of the prefix "retro" from the Latin language, which gives the meaning of "backwards" to the word "future", a word also originating from Latin.
362:. It starts with the retro appeal of old styles of art, clothing, mores, and then grafts modern or futuristic technologies onto it, creating a mélange of past, present, and future elements.
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556:. Its setting is almost always a dystopian future, with a strong emphasis either upon outlaws hacking the futuristic world's machinery (often computers and computer networks), or even upon
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in 1931 (footage of the large original was used in outdoor shots, and a miniature model of it was used for shots where the TEE moved through a futuristic cityscape strongly reminiscent of
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novels and stories. Such futuristic visions are refurbished and updated for the present, and offer a nostalgic, counterfactual image of what the future might have been, but is not.
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settings. The post-apocalyptic variant is the one usually associated with retrofuturism, where characters will rely upon a mixture of old and new technologies. Furthermore,
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had a similar 1930s-style black and white photo of the band members on the cover (the U.S. version even had a cover of a vintage-style colored photograph in the style of
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again. From this album on, Kraftwerk would also use their "show-room dummies" aka robot lookalikes on stage and in promotional material and increase the use of slightly
272:) is "an early optimism that focused on the past and was rooted in the nineteenth century, an early-twentieth-century 'golden age' that continued long into the 1960s'
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is sometimes called a "science" bent on anticipating what will come, retrofuturism is the remembering of that anticipation. Characterized by a blend of old-fashioned "
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referenced by the album's titular pun) in homage to the "Radio Stars", that is the pioneers of electronic music of the first half of the 20th century, such as
372:(2014), mankind has reached the stars, but clothes, technology, furnitures and above all social taboos are purposely highly reminiscent of the mid-1970s.
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203:" with futuristic technology, retrofuturism explores the themes of tension between past and future, and between the alienating and empowering effects of
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The first of these to be named and recognized as its own genre was cyberpunk, originating in the early to mid-1980s in literature with the works of
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Regency era onwards, up to approximately 1914. However, it diverges from history in that it envisions 20th-century or even futuristic technologies
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Elizabeth Guffey and Kate C. Lemay, "Retrofuturism and
Steampunk", The Oxford Handbook to Science Fiction, Oxford University Press, 2014, p. 435.
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813:, Irish-British music scholar Mark J. Prendergast refers to Kraftwerk's peculiar "nostalgia for the future" clearly referencing "an interwar
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An early instance of steampunk in comics can be found in the Franco-Belgian graphic novel series "Les Cités obscures," initiated by creators
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Hollywood stars), the style of the sleeve design as well as the design of promotional material tying in with the album were influenced by
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Retrofuturism is first and foremost based on modern but changing notions of "the future". As Guffey notes, retrofuturism is "a recent
880:, the record came with a large, hand-tinted black and white poster of the band members in early-1930s style suits (where band member
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circles, futurism is a long-standing and well-established term. But in its more popular form, futurism (sometimes referred to as
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their pre-1960 inspirations; rather, they are given a new (often wry or ironic) twist by being seen from a modern perspective.
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Retrofuturism also implies a reevaluation of technology. Unlike the total rejection of post-medieval technology found in most
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Niklas Maak, "Goodbye Retro-Futurism · A farewell to our perpetual nostalgia for the future". 032c9 (Summer 2005): p. 117
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Proposed high-speed ocean express ("Ozeanreise im Jahre 2.000") as in the year 2000, 1931 (Hamburg - New York in 40 hours)
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from 2013 was designed with the intention of looking like "the future imagined by someone in the past who got it wrong."
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Elizabeth Guffey, "Crafting Yesterday's Tomorrows: Retro-Futurism, Steampunk, and Making in the Twenty-First Century",
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in the early 1980s. It's worth noting that, on occasion, steampunk blurs the lines with the Weird West genre.
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make-up that to a lesser degree had already appeared in the promotional material for their 1977 album
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Canadian band Alvvays's music video, "Dreams Tonite", which includes archival footage of Montreal's
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Interesting Engineering 17 February 2021 Fascinating Visions of Our Present From Over 100 Years Ago
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shares similarities with the original scientific romances and utopian novels of authors like
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is reminiscent of 60's office building, with many futuristic devices scattered throughout.
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1427:"retro, adj. and n.2." OED Online. Oxford University Press, June 2005. Web. 30 June 2018.
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are nostalgic, humorous and often retrofuturistic revivals of early cyberpunk aesthetic.
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calls retrofuturism a "faux nostalgia"—the nostalgia for a future that never happened.
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222:, an early use of the term appears in a Bloomingdales advertisement in a 1983 issue of
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Where's My Jetpack?: A Guide to the Amazing Science Fiction Future that Never Arrived
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rendered cool, mechanical and precise." Kraftwerk's three retrofuturist albums are:
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as "looking like what we thought the future would turn out like in the 1960s."
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1542:"Steampunk 101: On the import of retro-futurism. - A conversation on TED.com"
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809:, Birmingham, as "clear retro-style", and in the 2008 three-hour documentary
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Retrofuturism incorporates two overlapping trends which may be summarized as
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1999:
Wasn't the Future Wonderful?: A View of Trends and Technology From the 1930s
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The modern form of steampunk literature can be traced back to works such as
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1828:"The Incredibles – Mid Century Modernism exemplified - Film and Furniture"
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Retrofuturistic depiction of a flying locomotive, visually based on the
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futuristic vision found its ultimate expression in the development of
1579:"Fox News Uses 'BioShock Infinite' Logo, Ken Levine Calls It 'Irony'"
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1780:"Re-LAX: LA International Airport unveils ambitious expansion plans"
1602:"Blast from the past: hopeful retrofuturism in science fiction film"
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Creative arts movement inspired by historic depictions of the future
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Elizabeth Guffey and Kate C. Lemay, "Retrofuturism and Steampunk",
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Retrofuturism has two main viewpoints that it stems from either an
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In the same way, futuristic retro owes much of its flavor to early
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Hotel on tracks ("Reisehotel") as in the year 2000, work of 1898
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1853:"Richard Ayoade: Making films is exhilarating – and terrifying"
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537:, each referring to a technology from a specific time period.
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Futuropolis: Impossible Cities of Science Fiction and Fantasy
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359:
1940:
Astrofuturism: Science, Race, and Visions of Utopia in Space
1900:
Corn, Joseph J.; Brian Horrigan; Katherine Chambers (1996).
1560:"Fox News Quite Likes The BioShock Infinite Logo Apparently"
28:"Retrofuture" redirects here. For the Tiger Army album, see
176:
Sailing ship airborne ("White Cruiser of the clouds"), 1902
1902:
Yesterday's Tomorrows: Past Visions of the American Future
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Yesterday's Tomorrows: Past Visions of the American Future
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was described by the band as "fetishizing retro-futurism".
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627:" (1990). In the realm of cinema, early examples include
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The second trend is the inverse of the first: futuristic
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Recording, Gosu, Osman, Traffic Records and many others.
1222:, directed by Brad Bird, has retrofuturistic aesthetic.
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The Airstream Futuropolis: The Tomorrow That Never Was.
1802:"Watch Alvvays' New "Dreams Tonite" Video - Pitchfork"
1737:"Why I want to offer a university course on Kraftwerk"
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The History of the Future: Images of the 21st Century
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Out of Time: Designs for the Twentieth Century Future
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architectural styles when applied to retrofuturistic
623:" (1979), and William Gibson & Bruce Sterling's "
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1688:"Retro Futurism At Its Best: Designs and Tutorials"
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1121:was built in 1961 as an expression of the then new
992:, or both, typically ending up looking like either
950:make-up on band members that also resembled 1920s'
68:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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816:Germany that never was but could've been, and now
662:(first appearing in his own series in 1982), the
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1918:
1673:"XPENG G9 REVIEW, PRICE, SPECS, AND PERFORMANCE"
1649:"XPENG G9 Review, Price, Specs, and Performance"
1509:
1329: – Architectural and art movement and style
831:lyrics were (besides the other obvious theme of
1083:Retrofuturism has appeared in some examples of
920:The cover and sleeve design of the 1978 album
858:The European version of the band's 1977 album
800:With three of their 1970s albums, German band
244:writes, " presents a retro-futurist fantasy."
1520:"Retro Futurism Is Latest Fashion Sensation"
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485:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
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433:optimistic viewpoint or a pessimistic view
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926:exhibits an obvious stylistic nod to the
668:series of video games, and films such as
505:Learn how and when to remove this message
128:Learn how and when to remove this message
2017:
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1377:, Oxford University Press, 2014, p. 434.
1322:List of stories set in a future now past
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797:years following the Russian Revolution.
724:. At times, the genre overlaps with the
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1978:Retrofuturism: The Car Design of J Mays
1956:
1937:
1919:Canto, Christophe; Odile Faliu (1993).
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1589:from the original on 11 September 2014.
1284: – Art concept by Alvar Gullischen
886:Kraftwerk and the Electronic Revolution
811:Kraftwerk and the Electronic Revolution
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1994:
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1390:, Oxford University Press, 2014, p. 14
1388:The Oxford Handbook to Science Fiction
1375:The Oxford Handbook to Science Fiction
1305: – 1939 exhibit by General Motors
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658:(see below), the comic-book character
1975:
1698:from the original on August 12, 2010.
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713:Sky Captain and the World of Tomorrow
2025:. New York: A&W Visual Library.
1942:. University of Pennsylvania Press.
1881:Brosterman, Norman (November 2000).
1278: – Period of history since 1945
483:adding citations to reliable sources
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152:style reminiscent of the early 1940s
66:adding citations to reliable sources
37:
2074:The wonder city you may live to see
1471:Joseph J. Corn and Brian Horrigan,
1351: – Subgenre of science fiction
1299: – Subgenre of science fiction
1272: – Chronological inconsistency
13:
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420:'s aesthetic in a 2014 broadcast.
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1938:Kilgore, De Witt Douglas (2003).
1600:Davidson, Joe P.L. (2019-11-02).
1475:(Johns Hopkins Press: 1984): xii.
1116:Los Angeles International Airport
1040:Los Angeles International Airport
252:Retrofuturism builds on ideas of
247:
1735:SchĂĽtte, Uwe (4 February 2015).
1530:from the original on 2013-10-23.
1318: – American animated sitcom
1303:Futurama (New York World's Fair)
517:Genres of retrofuturism include
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339:the past as seen from the future
335:the future as seen from the past
320:and the paintings of pop artist
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195:produced in an earlier era. If
53:needs additional citations for
1980:. Museum of Contemporary Art.
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1108:Mercedes-Benz Arena (Shanghai)
1042:resembles a landed spacecraft.
1:
1708:"The Gernsback Continuum" in
1618:10.1080/10304312.2019.1668352
1460:Retro: The Culture of Revival
1355:
1251:, is set in a 1950s-inspired
1157:released their concept album
1068:Christopher Charles Benninger
1686:Sharon Ross (June 8, 2009).
1494:McCall, Bruce (2009-03-19),
210:
19:For the Triple H album, see
7:
1449:7.3 (November 2014) p. 254.
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1220:attraction by the same name
613:A Nomad of the Time Streams
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1778:Lubell, Sam (2008-11-26).
1066:IIT Hyderabad designed by
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306:environmental degradations
27:
18:
1961:. Köln, London: Taschen.
1784:The Architect's Newspaper
1714:. New York: Arbor House.
1577:Erik Kain (3 July 2014).
930:of 1920s artists such as
781:. The term was coined by
701:The City of Lost Children
629:"The Time Machine" (1960)
446:
439:, or the paranoia of the
406:
220:Oxford English Dictionary
2043:; Richard Horne (2007).
1710:Gibson, William (1986).
1462:(Reaktion: 2006):155–157
1155:Electric Light Orchestra
1136:
2121:Retro-style automobiles
1497:What is retro-futurism?
1447:Journal of Modern Craft
1085:postmodern architecture
824:Kraftwerk's 1975 album
787:The Gernsback Continuum
2106:Science fiction themes
2076:– 1950 as seen in 1925
1976:Hodge, Brooke (2002).
1344:Retro-style automobile
1110:
1080:
1070:
1059:
1058:design in architecture
1043:
962:From their 1981 album
903:first employed by the
615:" series (1971–1981),
177:
169:
161:
153:
1957:Heimann, Jim (2002).
1292:cyberpunk derivatives
1106:
1076:
1065:
1049:
1033:
897:was portrayed by the
853:Karlheinz Stockhausen
728:genre of a different
625:The Difference Engine
605:Queen Victoria's Bomb
348:Science and Invention
175:
167:
159:
143:
2101:Architectural styles
1995:Onosko, Tim (1979).
1647:admin (2023-08-10).
1114:The once-futuristic
956:Trans-Europe Express
895:Trans-Europe Express
891:Trans-Europe Express
861:Trans-Europe Express
722:German Expressionism
479:improve this section
62:improve this article
2080:retro-futurismus.de
1885:. Harry N. Abrams.
1808:. 13 September 2017
1178:describes his 2004
1169:Film and television
1098:Googie architecture
990:skin-tight garments
936:Alexander Rodchenko
905:Deutsche Reichsbahn
775:Kenneth Strickfaden
747:Googie architecture
695:The Hudsucker Proxy
383:(e.g. the works of
293:interstellar travel
2126:Futurist movements
2047:. Bloomsbury USA.
1832:Film and Furniture
1524:EDGE United States
1458:Elizabeth Guffey,
1245:live-action series
1191:British filmmaker
1111:
1081:
1071:
1060:
1044:
986:one-piece garments
940:László Moholy-Nagy
878:Streamline Moderne
759:Streamline Moderne
732:, such as with an
395:were indeed real.
225:The New York Times
178:
170:
162:
154:
2054:978-1-59691-136-9
2041:Wilson, Daniel H.
1721:978-0-87795-780-5
1692:Smashing Magazine
841:Guglielmo Marconi
726:alternate history
640:François Schuiten
633:Castle in the Sky
515:
514:
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218:According to the
138:
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2019:Sheckley, Robert
2014:
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1786:. Archived from
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1748:
1747:
1741:The Conversation
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969:these old song.
900:Schienenzeppelin
849:Pierre Schaeffer
807:Aston University
609:Michael Moorcock
574:powered by steam
558:post-apocalyptic
510:
503:
499:
496:
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459:
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369:Space Station 76
289:robotic servants
133:
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1195:noted his film
1185:The Incredibles
1171:
1139:
1113:
1056:retrofuturistic
1028:
981:
975:
923:The Man-Machine
767:science fiction
742:
740:Design and arts
601:Ronald W. Clark
511:
500:
494:
491:
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381:science fiction
353:science fiction
331:
329:Characteristics
250:
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185:retrofuturistic
146:Nebraska Zephyr
134:
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77:"Retrofuturism"
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2063:External links
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2015:
2009:
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1959:Future Perfect
1954:
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1923:. Flammarion.
1916:
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1819:
1793:
1790:on 2014-04-17.
1770:
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1720:
1712:Burning Chrome
1701:
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1612:(6): 729–743.
1592:
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1566:. 3 July 2014.
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1119:Theme Building
1050:An example in
1036:Theme Building
1027:
1024:
974:
971:
965:Computer World
960:
959:
928:Constructivism
918:
884:later said in
856:
827:Radio-Activity
785:in his story "
783:William Gibson
769:environments.
741:
738:
689:Batman Returns
644:Benoît Peeters
550:Bruce Sterling
546:William Gibson
513:
512:
463:
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448:
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330:
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298:test tube baby
249:
248:Historiography
246:
237:The New Yorker
212:
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118:September 2008
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22:Retro Futurism
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1333:Raygun Gothic
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1089:flying saucer
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952:expressionist
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911:'s 1927 film
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845:LĂ©on Theremin
842:
838:
837:nuclear power
834:
833:nuclear decay
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755:Raygun Gothic
752:
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685:
684:
683:The Rocketeer
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621:Morlock Night
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535:Raygun Gothic
532:
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473:
469:
464:This section
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310:energy crisis
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181:Retrofuturism
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79: –
78:
74:
73:Find sources:
67:
63:
57:
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51:This article
49:
45:
40:
39:
34:
32:
24:
23:
2044:
2022:
1998:
1977:
1958:
1939:
1920:
1901:
1882:
1874:
1873:
1861:. Retrieved
1859:. 2014-03-23
1857:The Guardian
1856:
1847:
1836:. Retrieved
1834:. 2014-08-07
1831:
1822:
1810:. Retrieved
1805:
1796:
1788:the original
1783:
1773:
1764:
1759:Guffey, 141.
1755:
1744:. Retrieved
1740:
1730:
1711:
1704:
1691:
1681:
1667:
1656:. Retrieved
1652:
1642:
1609:
1605:
1595:
1582:
1572:
1563:
1554:
1545:
1536:
1523:
1501:, retrieved
1496:
1489:
1480:
1472:
1467:
1459:
1454:
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1441:
1432:
1423:
1412:. Retrieved
1408:
1402:
1395:
1387:
1382:
1374:
1369:
1360:
1359:
1338:Retrotronics
1327:Neo-futurism
1314:
1259:retrofuture.
1242:
1229:in the 2021
1211:Tomorrowland
1209:
1196:
1183:
1158:
1112:
1082:
1078:Kolkata Gate
1055:
1026:Architecture
1016:
1014:
1006:
982:
979:PVC clothing
963:
961:
955:
943:
932:El Lissitzky
921:
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898:
894:
890:
885:
859:
825:
817:
814:
810:
799:
795:
790:
771:
743:
734:Axis victory
730:World War II
711:
705:
704:(1995), and
699:
693:
687:
681:
675:
669:
663:
648:
637:
593:Mervyn Peake
590:
578:
570:
542:Bruce Bethke
539:
516:
501:
492:
477:Please help
465:
437:World War II
430:
422:
414:
410:
401:Bruce McCall
397:
393:
378:
374:
367:
357:
346:
343:
338:
334:
332:
322:Kenny Scharf
317:
314:George Lucas
278:
251:
242:Pauline Kael
235:
229:
223:
219:
217:
214:
201:retro styles
188:
184:
180:
179:
124:
115:
105:
98:
91:
84:
72:
60:Please help
55:verification
52:
30:
21:
2111:Retro style
1315:The Jetsons
1270:Anachronism
1214:, based on
882:Karl Bartos
773:designs of
617:K. W. Jeter
597:Titus Alone
586:Jules Verne
582:H. G. Wells
554:Pat Cadigan
495:August 2016
389:H. G. Wells
385:Jules Verne
302:Vietnam War
285:flying cars
189:retrofuture
183:(adjective
31:Retrofuture
2090:Categories
2003:. Dutton.
1863:2018-11-25
1838:2018-06-19
1746:2023-02-18
1658:2023-10-01
1503:2023-02-18
1414:2018-07-01
1356:References
1309:Hauntology
1297:Dieselpunk
1276:Atomic Age
1216:Disneyland
1198:The Double
1131:concourses
1127:space ages
1093:space ship
977:See also:
944:Metropolis
914:Metropolis
909:Fritz Lang
866:Golden Age
779:Fritz Lang
635:" (1986).
607:" (1967),
599:" (1959),
527:dieselpunk
308:, and the
270:futurology
205:technology
150:dieselpunk
88:newspapers
1634:204359340
1626:1030-4312
1606:Continuum
1361:Citations
1349:Steampunk
1288:Cyberpunk
1240:The 2024
1204:The 2015
1176:Brad Bird
1174:Director
802:Kraftwerk
718:film noir
707:Dark City
660:Rocketeer
656:Kraftwerk
566:vaporwave
562:synthwave
523:steampunk
519:cyberpunk
466:does not
364:Steampunk
318:Star Wars
281:neologism
274:Space Age
240:. Critic
211:Etymology
2131:Futurism
2116:Prequels
2021:(1978).
1696:Archived
1587:Archived
1528:Archived
1264:See also
1257:Atompunk
1233:TV show
1052:Shanghai
998:leotards
994:overalls
874:Art Deco
763:Art Deco
751:Populuxe
698:(1994),
692:(1992),
686:(1991),
680:(1989),
674:(1985),
652:Art Deco
531:atompunk
441:Cold War
418:BioShock
351:) or in
262:literary
258:artistic
254:futurism
197:futurism
1812:6 April
1546:ted.com
1243:Fallout
1148:Expo 67
1018:Glamour
1002:uniform
984:either
973:Fashion
948:campish
870:Bauhaus
665:Fallout
487:removed
472:sources
425:fantasy
148:, in a
102:scholar
33:(album)
2051:
2029:
2007:
1984:
1965:
1946:
1927:
1908:
1889:
1718:
1632:
1624:
1583:Forbes
1403:Brazil
1206:Disney
1091:-like
1009:cliché
938:, and
876:, and
851:, and
761:, and
677:Batman
671:Brazil
552:, and
533:, and
447:Genres
407:Themes
291:, and
266:design
231:Brazil
193:future
104:
97:
90:
83:
75:
1630:S2CID
1208:film
1182:film
1180:Pixar
1164:2095.
1137:Music
1054:of a
631:and "
360:retro
109:JSTOR
95:books
2049:ISBN
2027:ISBN
2005:ISBN
1982:ISBN
1963:ISBN
1944:ISBN
1925:ISBN
1906:ISBN
1887:ISBN
1814:2018
1716:ISBN
1622:ISSN
1290:and
1255:and
1235:Loki
1225:The
1160:Time
1125:and
1034:The
1007:The
835:and
777:and
720:and
642:and
619:'s "
611:'s "
603:'s "
595:'s "
584:and
564:and
470:any
468:cite
387:and
337:and
264:and
81:news
1614:doi
1564:IGN
1231:MCU
1227:TVA
1218:'s
1123:jet
1038:at
996:or
749:or
481:by
316:'s
276:".
234:in
187:or
64:by
2092::
1855:.
1830:.
1804:.
1782:.
1739:.
1694:.
1690:.
1651:.
1628:.
1620:.
1610:33
1608:.
1604:.
1585:.
1581:.
1562:.
1544:.
1526:.
1522:.
1511:^
1407:.
1133:.
1100:.
1004:.
988:,
934:,
917:).
872:,
847:,
843:,
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736:.
588:.
576:.
548:,
544:,
529:,
525:,
521:,
341:.
304:,
287:,
260:,
2057:.
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