Revisionist Zionism

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a fascist by many other Zionists. Jabotinsky supported the outlawing of strikes because he was fervently anti-socialist and saw socialism as incompatible with Zionism. He was sympathetic to the ideology of Italian dictator Benito Mussolini during the 1930s. This changed when Mussolini aligned himself with Adolf Hitler, at which point Jabotinsky ceased to associate with Mussolini. However, Jabotinsky retained his belief that the goals of Zionism could only be achieved by taking over Palestine through a military effort. Jabotinsky organized the Jewish Legion which was a force of 5,000 soldiers that contributed to the British conquest of Palestine during World War I. In addition, Jabotinsky organized the Haganah in 1920 which became a central part of the Israeli army in the future. Jabotinsky ruled out the possibility of establishing a police state, whether it was under communist or fascist leadership due to his belief in the necessity of having a regime under which the individual could thrive. However, he still viewed fascism as a pragmatic option and believed that democracy had not worked well in any country except for England. Jabotinsky said that there were three common factors between fascism and Revisionist Zionism which were the denial of a class struggle, "compulsory arbitration" of labor disputes, and prioritizing national interests over the interests of a specific social or economic class. The organization of the Revisionist movement under Jabotinsky was flawed since Jabotinsky's control of the movement was akin to European far-right groups in the 1930s.

413:. Their training was ended in 1937 after Mussolini aligned himself with Hitler. One of the main messages of Betar was that Jews would only be able to survive if they fought back against violence or even struck first through violent means. Betar members defended Poland during the German invasion in 1939. In Sosnoweic, Betar members joined Catholic Polish youth in a civilian defense battalion. In Sanok, Betar members set up bomb shelters and dug trenches. In Bursztyn, Betar members joined a self-defense unit that was organized by Catholic Poles to defend against the possibility of a Ukrainian invasion into Polish territory. Jabotinsky and Menachem Begin both expressed solidarity with Poland following the German invasion. However, almost all of Betar's national leadership in Warsaw fled Poland because of rumors that German troops were executing Polish and Jewish political activists. Begin also fled Poland and proposed to a Polish officer that a Jewish brigade should be established within the Polish army to defend against a German attack. Many of the activists who had fled Poland returned to organize underground activity to resist the German troops occupying the country. 1744:

the movement took pride in since it removed them from the brand of traditional party politics and did not emphasize identification with religion or social class. However, despite the lack of a clear ideology, one clear belief of the original Revisionist leadership was the need to create a Jewish majority in Palestine despite the protests of the indigenous Arab population in the land. Jabotinsky would not accept the partition of Palestine into two states. He wanted a Jewish state that expanded over all of the Land of Israel, including the Emirate of Transjordan which had been established on the eastern part of the mandate of Palestine by the British. The two central points of the Revisionist program were that Trans-Jordan belonged to the Zionists and that the British must reconstitute the Jewish Legion as a permanent part of the military force in Palestine. The British had dissolved the Jewish Legion and separated Trans-Jordan from the territory given to the Jewish state under the Balfour Declaration after World War I.

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a guerrilla training school for Revisionist Zionists at Zakopane in the Tatra Mountains. 25 members of the Irgun were brought to Poland from Palestine and were taught sabotage and insurrection by the Polish Army. The Polish Army also provided weapons for 10,000 men for a possible invasion of Palestine in April 1940. In August 1939, Menachem Begin told the Irgun that he wanted the invasion to take place in October 1939. He planned to lead the Betar who would land on the beach at Tel Aviv and the Irgun would occupy the Government House in Jerusalem, hold it for 24 hours, and declare a provisional government. After Jabotinsky died or was arrested, Revisionists in Europe and America would proclaim a government-in-exile. Jabotinsky changed the invasion plan after the 1939 White Paper. Britain restricted Zionist land purchases, limited immigration to 75,000 for the next five years, and suggested an Arab-dominated state be formed in the next 10 years.

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agreed to give the leadership position to Jabotinsky. The group did not became completely Revisionist until April 1937 when Tehomi and about a quarter of the 3,000 men in "Haganah-B" returned to the Haganah due to their support for the Mizrachi, General Zionists, and Jewish State Party. "Haganah B" was transformed into the Irgun after Tehomi split from the group to join the Haganah. Jabotinsky initially adopted the Haganah's doctrine of self-restraint because he wanted a legal legion that was formally affiliated with the military and he thought that an illegal counterinsurgency would make that impossible. However, once "Haganah B" became the Irgun, the organization became an independent underground organization.

1942:

relinquishing the West Bank after Israel's victory in the Six-Day War. In addition, he opposed UN Resolution 242 because it would mean relinquishing Israeli control over part of the Land of Israel. Begin believed that the historic right of Jews to the Land of Israel came before the Palestinian claim to the land. Shamir would not compromise on the issue of the borders of the Land of Israel and opposed the Camp David Accords. Another member of Likud and prime minister of Israel, Benjamin Netanyahu, accepted the Oslo Accords which was a diversion from the Revisionist idea of establishing a Jewish homeland over all of the Land of Israel.

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ancestors" as "Jerusalem, Hebron, Bethlehem, Judea, Shechem " in the West Bank. In 1973 Herut's election platform called for the annexation of the West Bank and Gaza. When Menachem Begin became leader of the broad Likud coalition (1973) and soon afterwards Prime Minister (in office: 1977–1983), he considerably modified Herut's expansive territorial aims. The party's aspiration to unite all of mandatory Palestine under Jewish rule was scaled down. Instead, Begin spoke of the historic unity of Israel in the West Bank, even hinting that he would make territorial concessions in the

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Arabs would resist against Jewish settlement in Palestine, he believed that superior military force was the only way to make them accept a Jewish state. Because of this, Jabotinsky advocated for an "iron wall" to assist the Zionist movement, meaning that he wanted a military force independent of the Arab population that the Arabs would not be able to resist successfully. This military force would protect Jewish immigration to Palestine and would allow the goals of Zionism to be achieved. This was one of the more radical and militant perspectives among Zionist thinkers.

722: 25: 350:. Jabotinsky created a political platform called 'The Ultimate Objective' which demanded that Congress proclaim that the ultimate objective of Zionism was the establishment of a Jewish state that had a Jewish majority on both sides of the Jordan River. If the Congress accepted the platform, that would indicate that it supported Revisionist ideas and leadership. If it did not accept the platform, the Revisionists would secede. Ultimately, the platform was rejected after a cable was sent from Palestine by 257: 1688: 3090: 122: 1915: 825: 1700: 468: 1788:'s Ben-Gurion also accepted this interpretation for the Jewish homeland.) Jabotinsky wanted to gain the help of Britain in this endeavour, while Lehi and the Irgun, following Jabotinsky's death, wanted to conquer both sides of the river independently of the British. The Irgun stream of Revisionism opposed power-sharing with Arabs. In 1937, Jabotinsky rejected the conclusion of the 637: 676:

can in the Arab market in Haifa which killed 21 and injured 52. On July 15, 1938, an electric mine in David Street in Jerusalem killed 10 and injured 30. On July 25, 1938, the Irgun set off another bomb in the Arab market in Haifa which killed 35 and wounded 70. On August 26, 1938, the Irgun set off a bomb in the market in Jaffa which killed 24 and injured 35.

1899:, garnering 27 seats, though still outnumbered by Kadima's 28. In spite of the fact that these right-of-center parties favored a Likud-led coalition, a coalition in which the members of the Likud party comprised the majority; the Likud was chosen to form the coalition. The party re-emerged as the strongest party in the Knesset in the 1845:

Jabotinsky was unsympathetic towards fascism in his early years. However, he became increasingly aligned with fascism during the 1930s, agreeing with the outlawing of strikes and militarism that fascism entailed. Leftist propaganda described Jabotinsky as a fascist during the 1930s and he was seen as

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The Irgun was commanded by Jabotinsky until his death in 1940. Menachem Begin commanded the Irgun from 1943 until the organization was dissolved in June 1948. In 1939, the Irgun called off their campaign against the British mandatory authorities for the duration of World War Two as the British fought

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In October 1937, Jabotinsky met with Marshall Edward Smygly-Rydz to arrange an alliance between Revisionist Zionist and the anti-semitic Polish regime. Jabotinsky used the Polish press to call for the evacuation of 1.5 million Jews from eastern Europe, mostly from Poland. In spring 1939, Poles set up

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Jabotinsky later argued for establishing a base in the Yishuv and developed a vision to guide the Revisionist movement and the new Jewish society on economic and social policy centered around the ideal of the Jewish middle class in Europe. Jabotinsky believed that basing the movement on a philosophy

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carried out by Israel's Lebanese Christian allies, Begin resigned as prime minister of Israel. Begin was replaced by Yitzhak Shamir who was also a member of Likud in 1983. Another member of Likud, Benjamin Netanyahu, came from a family of Revisionist Zionists. He was elected prime minister of Israel

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in the 1967 Six-Day War, Revisionism's territorial aspirations concentrated on these territories. These areas were far more central to ancient Jewish history than the East Bank of the Jordan and most of the areas within Israel's post-1949 borders. In 1968 Begin defined the "eternal patrimony of our

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After the German invasion of Poland in 1939, Jabotinsky focused on creating another Jewish Legion. The only place where he could recruit people to join this organization was the United States and he did not arrive there until March 1940. He also attempted to convince British politicians to help him

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In 1935, the Revisionists seceded from the World Zionist Organization because of its refusal to declare the establishment of a Jewish state as its immediate aim. The Revisionists formed the New Zionist Organization and elected Jabotinsky as its president. The Revisionist movement was threatened with

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The debate over secession continued for two years until shortly before the elections for the 18th Congress in 1933. In March 1933, three months before the elections, Jabotinsky suspended the activities of all party institutions and deposed all central party functionaries. He also appointed himself

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The Revisionist Zionist movement did not have a clearly defined ideology which was more of a feature of Zionists on the left. Initially, the stance of the movement was to reject the policies of the contemporary Zionist leadership under Chaim Weizmann. The lack of a coherent ideology was something

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The Irgun carried out a number of attacks against the British and Arabs. In September 1937, the Irgun killed 13 Arabs which was said to be in retaliation for the deaths of three Jews. The summer of 1938 was the high point of the Irgun's campaign. On July 6, 1938, the Irgun set off a bomb in a milk

1941:

The Revisionist idea of establishing a Jewish homeland over all of the Land of Israel played a role in shaping the ideas of members of Likud. Menachem Begin and Yitzhak Shamir, two former Israeli prime ministers and members of Likud, were both inspired by Jabotinsky's ideas. Menachem Begin opposed

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Jabotinsky believed that it was necessary for people to own private property in order to have liberty which was part of his anti-materialist, anti-communist world view. Despite this belief, he still promised that the bourgeois regime that he wanted to take power in the Jewish state would eliminate

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of 1922 sparked the establishment of the Revisionist Union. The central committee of the Revisionist Union defined its relationship with Great Britain as one of mutual loyalty but it was at odds with the mandatory administration. In the 1920s, Revisionist leadership wanted clearly to define the

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Jabotinsky believed Arab opposition to Zionism was inevitable and that any efforts at reconciliation with Arabs would be unsuccessful. He believed that voluntary consent from the Arabs to turn Palestine into a country with a Jewish majority was not possible. Since Jabotinsky anticipated that the

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A group of fighters with particularly militant views in the Irgun formed an underground movement called "The Fighters for the Freedom of Israel" or the Stern Gang. This group used terrorism and political assassinations to try to expel the British from Palestine. Following Israel's declaration of

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The Revisionists split from the Haganah in 1931 because they opposed its domination by the Histadrut. They formed the "Haganah-B" which was commanded by a Revisionist Zionist, Abraham Tehomi. "Haganah B" was founded by Avraham Tehomi in 1931. Tehomi led "Haganah-B" until December 1936 when he

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The Herut party in 1948 won 14 seats in the 1949 elections. The official Revisionist party did not win any seats in the 1949 elections and would merge with Herut in 1950. In 1965, Herut became Gahal after merging with the Liberal Party. Gahal joined the government for the first time in 1967 and

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In 1931, Jabotinsky forced Chaim Weizmann to resign as president of the World Zionist Organization. Jabotinsky wanted to establish Revisionist Zionism as a separate movement that existed independent from the general Zionist movement. However, Revisionist delegates would not join Jabotinsky in

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joined Betar in 1929 in Poland and was head of the national unit, which was the largest branch of Betar in the world. Socialist Zionist youth movements in Poland warned of the rise of fascism in Poland in reference to the activities of Betar. Chaim Weizmann, the president of the World Zionist

512: 437:(founded in June 1948), remained in opposition. The party slowly began to revise its ideology in an effort to change this situation and to gain political power. While Begin maintained the Revisionist claim to Jewish sovereignty over all of Eretz Israel, by the late 1950s, control over the 679:

In response to the White Paper in 1939, the Irgun bombed British facilities. The British responded by arresting Irgun commander David Raziel in May. In addition, on August 31, 1939, the rest of the Irgun high command was apprehended while discussing Jabotinsky's plan to invade Palestine.

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because of Garibaldi's emphasis on European nationalism. Garibaldi believed that it was necessary for the rich and poor of a country to unite through love of their homeland. The strong emphasis on nationalism translated into Jabotinsky's own ideas about establishing a Jewish homeland.

298:) adversely affected this goal, and it was a great setback for the movement. Before Israel achieved statehood in 1948, Revisionist Zionism became known for its advocacy of more belligerent, assertive postures and actions against both British and Arab control of the region. 2863: 2625: 765:

Stern viewed Zionism as a national liberation movement and supported armed struggle to achieve independence. He did not want to wait until Britain's war against Nazi Germany was over to begin an armed revolt against the British occupation of Palestine.

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of the British Empire. The proposal was ratified at the third Revisionist world conference which took place from December 26, 1928, to December 30, 1928. A year later, the proposal was approved by the executive committee as part of its working plan.

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Stern reached out to Nazi Germany under Hitler and Italy under Mussolini since both of these regimes opposed the British. After World War Two, the triumvirate that replaced Stern reached out to the Soviet Union to try to find an ally against Britain.

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German covering letter attached to the January 1941 offer by Lehi. The offer was to "actively take part in the war on Germany's side" in return for German support for "the establishment of the historic Jewish state on a national and totalitarian

1858:

largely followed the Centrists' ideals but it followed them with a much more hawkish outlook towards Britain's involvement in the Mandate, and it had an ardently nationalist vision of society and government. After the establishment of the

746:(National Military Organization in Israel or NMO). Following Stern's death in 1942—shot by a British police officer—and the arrest of many of its members, the group went into eclipse until it was reformed as "Lehi" under a triumvirate of 421:

recruit this army, but they did not agree to do so. The British believed that they had Jewish support in their war against Nazi Germany and they believed that the creation of another Jewish Legion would create tension in the Middle East.

65:, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Knowledge. 1775:

was that a Jewish National Home should be created 'in' Palestine, not that the whole of Palestine would become a Jewish National Home. All three Revisionist streams, including Centrists who advocated a British-style

2881: 2615: 1763:. Nevertheless, the terms of the Mandate allowed the mandatory authority, Britain, to restrict Jewish settlement in parts of the mandate territory. In 1922, before the Mandate officially came into effect in 1923, 461:

Menachem Begin became minister without portfolio in Levi Eshkol's government. In July 1970, Begin and his colleagues left the National Unity Government under Golda Meir as a protest against the Rogers Peace Plan.

695:(or Stern Group), the Irgun's efforts would feature prominently in the armed struggles against British and Arab forces alike in the 1930s and 1940s, and ultimately become decisive in the closing events of the 562:

to guard a nascent Jewish state at inception. Jabotinsky wished to convince Britain that a Jewish state would be in the best interest of the British Empire, perhaps even an autonomous extension of it in the

1796:" (expulsion of the Arabs), Jabotinsky's statements were ambiguous. In some writings he supported the notion, but only as an act of self-defense, in others he argued that Arabs should be included in the 1800:

society that he was advocating, and in others still, he completely disregarded the potency of Arab resistance to Jewish settlement, and stated that settlement should continue, and the Arabs be ignored.

354:

and Saadia Shoshani. The cable said that acceptance of the platform would lead to an Arab pogrom in Palestine. In response to the rejection of the platform, Jabotinsky tore up his membership card.

330:

by Arabs in Palestine led to the radicalization of the Zionist movement. This led to the dwindling of the General Zionist movement and the struggle for leadership in the 1931 elections to the 17th

220:

In its early years under Jabotinsky's leadership, Revisionist Zionism was focused on gaining support from Britain for settlement. Later, Revisionist groups independent of Jabotinsky initiated

1903:

and today it leads the government. In the years since the 1977 election, particularly in the last decade, Likud has undergone a number of splits to the right, including the 1998 departure of

334:

between Revisionist Zionists and Labor Zionists. In the 1929 elections to the 16th Congress, the Revisionists won only 7% of the votes, but in the 1931 elections, they won 21% of the votes.

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Gahal would become Likud in 1973 after merging with three nationalist splinter groups. In 1977, Menachem Begin and Likud took power in Israel, with Begin becoming Israel's prime minister.

593:

Despite its strong representation in the Zionist Organization, Revisionist Zionism had a small presence in the Yishuv, in contrast to Labour Zionism, which was dominant among

620:

In line with this thinking, the Revisionists transplanted into the Yishuv a youth movement, Betar. They also set up a paramilitary group, Irgun, a labour union, the

445:

in 1965, references to the ideal of Jewish sovereignty over "both banks of the Jordan" appeared less and less frequently. By the 1970s, the legitimacy of the

205:

rejected Jabotinsky's political program and refused to state that "the aim of Zionism was the establishment of a Jewish state", Jabotinsky resigned from the

1809:

poverty. The economic crises of the Yishuv in 1926 and 1927 caused Revisionists to shift their support to urban development and private capital investment.

377:

which was defeated 249 to 43. After this, Jabotinsky attempted to set up the Revisionist World Union as a boycott center, but this was also unsuccessful.

3339: 781:, and concentrated its attacks mainly against British targets (unlike the other underground movements, which were also involved in fighting against Arab 449:

was no longer questioned. In 1994 the complete practical abandonment of the "both banks" principle was apparent when an overwhelming majority of Likud

190:

Revisionist Zionism directly opposed Labor Zionism within the general Zionist movement. Revisionist Zionism had its own paramilitary group called the

731:

independence in May 1948, both the Irgun and the Stern Gang were dissolved and many of the organization's members joined the Israel Defense Forces.

68:

Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article.

3428: 1730: 534:(known as the World Zionist Organization after 1960). He quit the latter group in 1923, thanks mainly to differences of opinion with its chairman, 136:

characterized by territorial maximalism. Revisionist Zionism promoted expansionism and the establishment of a Jewish majority on both sides of the

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it became the dominant party in a governing coalition, and up to the present day it has remained an important force in Israeli politics. In the

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The paramilitary organization of the Revisionist movement was called the National Military Organization, or the Irgun. The Irgun (short for

742:

in university but instead joined another group called Hulda. He formed Lehi in 1940 as an offshoot from Irgun, which was initially named

2758:

Shelef, Nadav (Spring 2004), "From 'Both Banks of the Jordan' to the 'Whole Land of Israel': Ideological Change of Revisionist Zionism",

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emerged. Both the Irgun and the Stern Gang were responsible for several attacks against the British to try to expel them from Palestine.

624:, and health services. The latter were intended to counteract the increasing hegemony of Labour Zionism over community services via the 3443: 1606: 621: 221: 1792:, which proposed a partition of Palestine between Jews and Arabs; it was however accepted by the Labor Zionists. On the topic of " 664:

youth movement in Poland, which Jabotinsky founded. By the 1940s, they had transplanted many of its members from Europe and the

3438: 2777: 2749: 2684: 3408: 2711:——— (1998), "Zeev Jabotinsky and the Revisionist Revolt against Materialism: In Search of a World View", 2515: 2407: 2354: 1723: 1780:, and the two more militant streams, which would become Irgun and Lehi, supported Jewish settlement on both sides of the 471:

Menachem Begin, member of the Irgun, founder of the Herut party, and former Prime Minister of Israel as a member of Likud

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When, in 1935, the Zionist Organization failed to accept Jabotinsky's program, he and his followers seceded to form the

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Revisionist Zionism was based on a vision of "political Zionism", which Jabotinsky regarded as following the legacy of

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Content in this edit is translated from the existing Polish Knowledge article at ]; see its history for attribution.

3364: 2464: 1784:; in most cases, they differed only on how this should be achieved. (Some supporters within Labor Zionism, such as 1633: 1464: 609:. By the late 1930s, Revisionist Zionism was divided into three distinct ideological streams: the "Centrists", the 2835:. Note: Chariton and Lazar were not co-authors of Wdowiński's memoir. Wdowiński is considered the "single author". 2471:

Note: Chariton and Lazar were never co-authors of Wdowiński's memoir. Wdowiński is considered the "single author".

3229: 3039: 1716: 806: 228:, which severely limited Jews' right to immigrate at a time considered critical as the Nazis were gaining power. 601:, which later aligned itself with the Revisionists. In the Jewish Diaspora, Revisionism was most established in 3579: 3234: 3191: 3064: 3014: 264:

within the borders of the British Mandate for Palestine, at the same time excluding it from Jewish settlement.

3640: 3314: 3239: 3224: 1961: 1469: 605:, where its base of operations was organized in various political parties and Zionist Youth groups, such as 392:. Jabotinsky became head of Betar in 1929, but the actual organization was founded by Aron Propes in 1923. 3630: 3574: 3018: 1938:

was Jabotinsky's secretary) and Ariel Sharon, have come from or moved to the "pragmatic" Revisionist wing.

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contrasting with the socialist-oriented Labour Zionists would attract the support of the General Zionists.

37: 2372:"From 'Both Banks of the Jordan' to the 'Whole Land of Israel': Ideological Change in Revisionist Zionism" 2186:

D. Flisiak, Działalność syjonistów-rewizjonistów w Polsce w latach 1944/1945- 1950, Lublin 2020, s. 31-32.

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Acting often in conflict (but at times, also in coordination) with rival clandestine militias such as the

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announcing immediate secession from the Zionist movement. Supporters of Jabotinsky's idea to secede were

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relationship of the Revisionist movement and the British Empire. It supported the proposal of British MP

217:, to conduct independent political activity for free immigration and the establishment of a Jewish State. 3569: 1418: 1258: 558:. To this end, Jabotinsky advocated for mass Jewish immigration from Europe and the creation of a second 446: 777:

against the British authorities. It considered the British rule of Mandatory Palestine to be an illegal

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Party was formed by a group of parties which were dominated by the Revisionist Herut/Gahal. After the

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Five figures in particular contributed to the formation of Jabotinsky's ideology: English historian

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to advocate his views, which included increased cooperation with Britain on transforming the entire

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Zouplna, Jan (2008), "Revisionist Zionism: Image, Reality and the Quest for Historical Narrative",

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and address the Histadrut's refusal to make its services available to Revisionist Party members.

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of the Jordan ceased to be integral to Revisionist ideology. Following Herut's merger with the

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Shlaim, Avi (1996), "Review: The Likud in Power: The Historiography of Revisionist Zionism",

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Ideologically, Revisionism advocated the creation of a Jewish state on both sides of the

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and workers, and hence the settlement enterprise. General Zionism was dominant among the

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The movement called Lehi, and nicknamed the "Stern Gang" by the British, was led by

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The Revisionists opposed the World Zionist Organization's attempts to negotiate the

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of 1922, the British Government had made clear that the intent expressed by the

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territory, including Palestine itself and Transjordan, on opposite sides of the

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bankruptcy in 1936 when Jabotinsky moved his headquarters from Paris to London.

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Brenner, Lenni (1983), "Zionism-Revisionism: The Years of Fascism and Terror",

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and others split to the left from Likud. The Likud bounced back in Israel's

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Evolving Nationalism: Homeland, Identity, and Religion in Israel, 1925–2005

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Evolving Nationalism: Homeland, Identity, and Religion in Israel, 1925-2005

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In 1983, following criticism of the Israeli war in Lebanon in 1982 and the

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to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is

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Jabotinsky's Children: Polish Jews and the Rise of Right-Wing Zionism

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Działalność syjonistów-rewizjonistów w Polsce w latach 1944/1945–1950

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Jabotinsky's Children: Polish Jews and the Rise of Right-Wing Zionism

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party when Herut and the Liberal parties formed a united list called

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While the Irgun stopped its activities against the British during

526:, Jabotinsky was elected to the first legislative assembly in the 511: 3329: 3284: 2980: 1549: 1375: 864: 688: 594: 450: 133: 1973:

ideology which is based on Revisionist Zionism and the views of

62: 3344: 3034: 3009: 3004: 2909:"The Likud in Power: The Historiography of Revisionist Zionism" 2873: 2665:, Lublin: Wydawnictwo Naukowe Tygiel Sp. z o.o., pp. 31–32 1888: 1760: 1479: 1428: 1390: 602: 527: 385: 381: 370: 295: 232: 2349:. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. pp. 67–238. 231:

Revisionist Zionism has strongly influenced modern right-wing

3599: 3304: 3299: 2877: 2620: 1974: 1876: 1868: 1864: 1863:, it was the Irgun wing of the Revisionist Party that formed 1855: 1785: 1506: 1449: 1360: 1293: 739: 610: 530:, and in 1921 he was elected to the Executive Council of the 434: 389: 240: 236: 191: 797: 373:. Jabotinsky attempted to get a motion passed to support an 2994: 1323: 425:

History of Revisionist Zionism after Israel's establishment

2949: 2078: 2076: 2074: 2072: 2070: 2037: 2035: 2033: 2031: 2029: 2027: 1832:. In particular, Jabotinsky sympathized with the ideas of 2068: 2066: 2064: 2062: 2060: 2058: 2056: 2054: 2052: 2050: 2025: 2023: 2021: 2019: 2017: 2015: 2013: 2011: 2009: 2007: 1930:

came from Likud's Herut faction, later leaders, such as

1922:

While the initial core group of Likud's leaders such as

1840: 636: 251: 2695:

The Stern Gang: Ideology, Politics and Terror, 1940–49

2483:

The Stern Gang: Ideology, Politics and Terror, 1940–49

2285:"Zionism-Revisionism: The Years of Fascism and Terror" 2047: 2004: 684:

against the Axis powers with the other Allied powers.

224:

to open up immigration during the 1930s following the

506: 645: 58: 1767:from the terms regarding Jewish settlement. In the 167:) by independent individuals. Differing from other 397:organization, referred to Betar's connection with 380:There were 10 Revisionist Zionist youth groups in 2159: 2157: 2155: 2153: 2151: 2149: 2147: 2145: 2143: 2141: 2139: 2137: 2135: 2133: 2131: 2129: 2127: 2125: 2123: 2121: 2119: 2117: 2115: 2113: 2111: 194:, out of which another organization known as the 3622: 3340:Hadassah Women's Zionist Organization of America 2824:, New York: Philosophical Library, p. 222, 2510:. Cornell University Press. pp. 29, 83–84. 2459:. New York: Philosophical Library. p. 222. 2454: 2109: 2107: 2105: 2103: 2101: 2099: 2097: 2095: 2093: 2091: 3370:International Fellowship of Christians and Jews 3360:Zionist Federation of Great Britain and Ireland 2772:, Cornell University Press, pp. 29, 83–4, 2679:: Princeton University Press, pp. 67–238, 147:, this ideology advocated a "revision" of the " 1891:party which had formed the previous year when 1849: 1759:and either all or part of the modern state of 554:, into a sovereign Jewish state, loyal to the 83:accompanying your translation by providing an 49:Click for important translation instructions. 36:expand this article with text translated from 2965: 2088: 1875:(or the Herut-Liberal Bloc). In 1973 the new 1724: 16:Right-leaning faction of the Zionist movement 1010: 655: 322:in 1925 with the intention of replacing the 2389: 95:{{Translated|pl|Syjonizm rewizjonistyczny}} 3335:Women's International Zionist Organization 2972: 2958: 2843:, vol. 44, no. 1, p. 3–27, 2720: 2715:, vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 51–67 2655:, vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 66–92 2535: 1731: 1717: 1299:National Religious Party–Religious Zionism 2819: 2790:, vol. 1, no. 2, p. 278–93 2448: 798:Ideology of pre-state Revisionist Zionism 622:National Labor Federation in Eretz-Israel 433:in May 1948, the main revisionist party, 358:sole leader of the Revisionist movement. 2814:, vol. 8, no. 1, p. 15–25 1913: 738:until his death. Stern did not join the 720: 712: 635: 510: 491:When Begin finally came to power in the 488:as part of a complete peace settlement. 466: 255: 120: 2838: 2660: 2650: 2282: 2041: 429:During the first two decades after the 3623: 2903: 2805: 2785: 2767: 2757: 2739: 2710: 2692: 2670: 2567: 2505: 2480: 2395: 2369: 2344: 2163: 2082: 1887:, Likud lost many of its seats to the 1867:, which in turn eventually formed the 773:, at least until 1944, Lehi continued 3444:Timeline of the Arab–Israeli conflict 2953: 2795: 2729: 2628:from the original on 15 December 2021 2563: 2561: 2559: 2557: 2555: 2553: 2551: 2549: 2547: 2531: 2529: 2527: 2438: 2422: 2340: 2338: 2278: 2276: 2274: 2272: 2270: 2268: 2266: 2264: 2262: 2260: 2258: 2256: 2254: 2252: 2250: 2248: 2246: 2244: 2242: 2240: 2238: 2236: 2234: 2232: 2230: 2228: 2226: 2224: 2222: 2220: 2218: 2216: 2214: 2212: 1841:Jabotinsky's position towards Fascism 654:for "National Military Organization" 453:Members (MKs) voted in favour of the 409:where 134 cadets were trained by the 159:which was focused on the settling of 3429:UN General Assembly Resolution 46/86 2336: 2334: 2332: 2330: 2328: 2326: 2324: 2322: 2320: 2318: 2210: 2208: 2206: 2204: 2202: 2200: 2198: 2196: 2194: 2192: 1816:, Italian philosopher and historian 631: 252:Early history of Revisionist Zionism 18: 3424:UN General Assembly Resolution 3379 2618:[History of the Movement]. 656: 431:Israeli Declaration of Independence 13: 2897: 2544: 2524: 507:Jabotinsky and Revisionist Zionism 475:Following Israel's capture of the 14: 3652: 3439:Israeli–Palestinian peace process 2315: 2189: 660:) had its roots initially in the 538:. In 1925, Jabotinsky formed the 3365:Institute for Zionist Strategies 3088: 1698: 1686: 1465:Institute for Zionist Strategies 823: 518:, founder of Revisionist Zionism 23: 3230:Zionist Organization of America 2798:Begin, an anatomy of leadership 2734:, Westport, CT: Greenwood Press 2732:Begin's Foreign Policy, 1977–83 2671:Heller, Daniel Kupfert (2017), 2644: 2608: 2499: 2474: 2441:Begin: an anatomy of leadership 2432: 2427:, Westport, CT: Greenwood Press 2345:Heller, Daniel Kupfert (2017). 3580:Zionism as settler colonialism 3235:Zionist Organization of Canada 3065:Revival of the Hebrew language 2806:Tzahor, Zeev (February 1988), 2768:——— (2018), 2762:, vol. 9, pp. 125–48 2425:Begin's Foreign Policy 1977–83 2416: 2363: 2180: 1984:as well as the founder of the 405:organized a Betar squadron at 93:You may also add the template 1: 3315:Jewish Party (Czechoslovakia) 3240:Religious Zionists of America 3225:Zionist Federation of Germany 2878:הליכוד - תנועה לאומית ליברלית 2721:Jabotinsky, Vladimir (1923), 2621:הליכוד - תנועה לאומית ליברלית 2536:Jabotinsky, Vladimir (1923). 2370:Shelef, Nadav (Spring 2004). 1997: 1962:List of notable Irgun members 1911:(he rejoined Likud in 2008). 1907:, the son of Herut's founder 1470:Jewish Internet Defense Force 455:Israel–Jordan Treaty of Peace 222:campaigns against the British 125:The Revisionist Zionist Union 3575:Progressive except Palestine 2653:Journal of Palestine Studies 2289:Journal of Palestine Studies 1634:Israeli–Palestinian conflict 1624:Far-right politics in Israel 540:Revisionist Zionist Alliance 310:to make Palestine a Seventh 7: 3570:Muslim supporters of Israel 2979: 1945: 1850:From the Irgun to the Likud 1419:Union of Right-Wing Parties 1259:Conservatism: A Rediscovery 792: 744:Irgun Zvai Leumi be-Yisrael 646: 447:Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan 318:Jabotinsky established the 10: 3657: 3590:Zionist political violence 3555:Jewish political movements 3325:Jewish Resistance Movement 3215:World Zionist Organization 3080:Zionism, race and genetics 2862: 2697:, Frank Cass, p. 86, 2485:. Frank Cass. p. 86. 1828:, and Spanish philosopher 1646:Jewish political movements 701: 500:Sabra and Shatila massacre 246: 213:(NZO), known in Hebrew as 207:World Zionist Organization 57:Machine translation, like 3507: 3456: 3399: 3388: 3350:American Zionist Movement 3190: 3097: 3086: 2987: 2849:10.1080/00263200701711754 2820:Wdowiński, David (1963), 2455:Wdowiński, David (1963). 1249:The Virtue of Nationalism 740:Revisionist Zionist party 717:Flag of the Lehi movement 613:, and the "Messianists". 294:(the modern-day state of 38:the corresponding article 3255:Jewish Agency for Israel 3070:Hebraization of surnames 3060:Negation of the Diaspora 2927:10.2979/ISR.1996.1.2.278 1992:Zionist Freedom Alliance 1765:Transjordan was excluded 1639:Israeli settler violence 1602:Antimilitarism in Israel 1381:National Religious Party 805:This article is part of 760:Prime Minister of Israel 572:New Zionist Organization 289:British establishment of 211:New Zionist Organization 175:, which they equated to 3260:Jewish National Council 3220:Zionist General Council 2870:History of the Movement 2693:Heller, Joseph (1995), 2568:Heller, Joseph (1998). 2481:Heller, Joseph (1995). 2283:Brenner, Lenni (1983). 1924:Israeli Prime Ministers 1918:The party flag of Likud 1693:Conservatism portal 1386:Religious Zionist Party 708: 640:The emblem of the Irgun 367:Haavara trade agreement 104:For more guidance, see 3605:Conservatism in Israel 3320:Jewish Party (Romania) 2841:Middle Eastern Studies 2796:Sofer, Sasson (1988), 2506:Shelef, Nadav (2018). 2439:Sofer, Sasson (1988), 1919: 1897:2009 Knesset elections 1881:1977 Knesset elections 1011: 922:Anti-Iranian sentiment 860:Religious conservatism 816:Conservatism in Israel 727: 718: 641: 544:World Zionist Congress 519: 472: 265: 126: 3355:Am Yisrael Foundation 2742:The Middle East today 2616:"ההיסטוריה של התנועה" 2399:The Middle East today 1982:Jewish Defense League 1980:, the founder of the 1917: 1769:Churchill White Paper 1346:Eretz Yisrael Shelanu 850:Jewish fundamentalism 724: 716: 697:1948 Arab–Israeli War 639: 548:Mandate for Palestine 514: 470: 303:Churchill White Paper 276:on both sides of the 260:The British included 259: 235:parties, principally 124: 106:Knowledge:Translation 77:copyright attribution 3641:Transjordan (region) 3610:Liberalism in Israel 3585:Zionist antisemitism 3409:Chronology of Aliyah 3295:World Agudath Israel 3245:Jewish National Fund 2822:And We Are Not Saved 2740:Peretz, Don (1994), 2730:Peleg, Ilan (1987), 2457:And We Are Not Saved 2423:Peleg, Ilan (1987), 2396:Peretz, Don (1994), 2164:Shlaim, Avi (1996). 1873:Gush Herut Liberalim 1822:Josef Popper-Lynkeus 1666:Liberalism in Israel 1475:Kohelet Policy Forum 1424:United Torah Judaism 840:Conservative Judaism 758:. Shamir became the 736:Avraham "Yair" Stern 532:Zionist Organization 401:. In November 1934, 3631:Revisionist Zionism 3550:Jewish emancipation 3434:Timeline of Zionism 3419:Balfour Declaration 3050:Gathering of Israel 2884:on 15 December 2021 2872:] (in Hebrew), 2865:ההיסטוריה של התנועה 2800:, London: Blackwell 2661:Flisiak, D (2020), 2443:, London: Blackwell 1814:Henry Thomas Buckle 1773:Balfour Declaration 1673:Torat Eretz Yisrael 915:Anti-Palestinianism 845:Jewish conservatism 762:forty years later. 388:, one of which was 201:In 1935, after the 177:Mandatory Palestine 130:Revisionist Zionism 3414:History of Zionism 2744:, pp. 318–9, 2586:10.1007/BF02335498 2402:, pp. 318–9, 1952:History of Zionism 1932:Benjamin Netanyahu 1920: 1834:Giuseppe Garibaldi 1820:, social reformer 1798:liberal democratic 1661:Politics of Israel 1656:One-state solution 1583:The Jerusalem Post 984:Jewish supremacism 728: 719: 642: 520: 473: 266: 239:and its successor 127: 85:interlanguage link 3618: 3617: 3545:Jewish Autonomism 3452: 3451: 3404:History of Israel 3380:Birthright Israel 2779:978-1-5017-2987-4 2751:978-0-275-94576-3 2686:978-0-691-17475-4 2085:, pp. 15–25. 1971:religious Zionist 1830:Miguel de Unamuno 1778:liberal democracy 1741: 1740: 1705:Israel portal 905:Ancestral worship 775:guerrilla warfare 647:Irgun Tsvai Leumi 632:Irgun Tsvai Leumi 375:anti-Nazi boycott 344:Uri Zvi Greenberg 320:Revisionist Party 301:Criticism of the 209:. He founded the 203:Zionist Executive 149:practical Zionism 117: 116: 50: 46: 3648: 3636:Types of Zionism 3595:Zio (pejorative) 3565:Muscular Judaism 3535:New antisemitism 3515:List of Zionists 3469:Independence Day 3397: 3396: 3280:Hashomer Hatzair 3092: 2974: 2967: 2960: 2951: 2950: 2946: 2892: 2891: 2889: 2880:, archived from 2859: 2834: 2815: 2801: 2791: 2782: 2763: 2754: 2735: 2725: 2723:On the Iron Wall 2716: 2707: 2689: 2666: 2656: 2638: 2637: 2635: 2633: 2612: 2606: 2605: 2565: 2542: 2541: 2538:On the Iron Wall 2533: 2522: 2521: 2517:978-1-50172987-4 2503: 2497: 2496: 2478: 2472: 2470: 2452: 2446: 2444: 2436: 2430: 2428: 2420: 2414: 2412: 2409:978-0-27594576-3 2393: 2387: 2385: 2367: 2361: 2360: 2356:978-0-69117475-4 2342: 2313: 2312: 2280: 2187: 2184: 2178: 2177: 2161: 2086: 2080: 2045: 2044:, pp. 3–27. 2039: 1826:Antonio Labriola 1733: 1726: 1719: 1703: 1702: 1701: 1691: 1690: 1689: 1607:Non-conscription 1512:Manhigut Yehudit 1329:Yisrael Beiteinu 1264: 1254: 1244: 1016: 827: 817: 802: 801: 752:Natan Yellin-Mor 659: 658: 657:ארגון צבאי לאומי 649: 584:David Ben-Gurion 576:General Zionists 516:Ze'ev Jabotinsky 403:Benito Mussolini 332:Zionist Congress 324:General Zionists 308:Josiah Wedgewood 169:types of Zionism 153:David Ben-Gurion 145:Ze'ev Jabotinsky 96: 90: 63:Google Translate 48: 44: 27: 26: 19: 3656: 3655: 3651: 3650: 3649: 3647: 3646: 3645: 3621: 3620: 3619: 3614: 3503: 3448: 3393: 3391: 3384: 3375:Nefesh B'Nefesh 3290:HaNoar HaTzioni 3186: 3093: 3084: 2983: 2978: 2900: 2898:Further reading 2887: 2885: 2832: 2780: 2752: 2705: 2687: 2647: 2642: 2641: 2631: 2629: 2614: 2613: 2609: 2566: 2545: 2534: 2525: 2518: 2504: 2500: 2493: 2479: 2475: 2467: 2453: 2449: 2437: 2433: 2421: 2417: 2410: 2394: 2390: 2368: 2364: 2357: 2343: 2316: 2301:10.2307/2536926 2281: 2190: 2185: 2181: 2162: 2089: 2081: 2048: 2040: 2005: 2000: 1988:party in Israel 1948: 1861:State of Israel 1852: 1843: 1818:Benedetto Croce 1790:Peel Commission 1737: 1699: 1697: 1687: 1685: 1678: 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Retrieved 2619: 2610: 2580:(2): 51–67. 2577: 2573: 2537: 2507: 2501: 2482: 2476: 2466:0-80222486-5 2456: 2450: 2440: 2434: 2424: 2418: 2398: 2391: 2381: 2375: 2365: 2346: 2295:(1): 66–92. 2292: 2288: 2182: 2176:(2): 278–93. 2173: 2169: 2042:Zouplna 2008 1957:Jewish State 1940: 1921: 1893:Ariel Sharon 1872: 1853: 1844: 1811: 1807: 1803: 1782:Jordan River 1749:Jordan River 1746: 1742: 1581: 1574: 1569:Makor Rishon 1567: 1562:Israel Hayom 1560: 1548: 1536: 1529: 1500: 1499: 1490:Mercaz Olami 1444: 1334: 1333: 1278: 1257: 1247: 972:Jewish state 932:Islamophobia 910:Anti-Arabism 879: 787: 783:paramilitary 771:World War II 768: 764: 748:Israel Eldad 743: 733: 729: 686: 682: 678: 674: 670: 643: 619: 615: 599:middle class 592: 587: 571: 569: 552:Jordan River 521: 497: 490: 474: 463: 459: 428: 419: 415: 379: 364: 360: 356: 340:Abba Ahimeir 336: 317: 300: 286: 278:Jordan River 267: 230: 219: 214: 210: 200: 189: 172: 160: 142: 138:Jordan River 129: 128: 118: 81:edit summary 72: 45:(April 2023) 43: 35: 3390:History and 3157:Non-Zionism 3152:Neo-Zionism 3117:Revisionist 3075:Judaization 2888:15 December 2632:15 December 2083:Tzahor 1988 1978:Meir Kahane 1905:Benny Begin 1531:Arutz Sheva 1485:Machon Meir 1455:Gush Emunim 1149:Politicians 1069:Three Oaths 1059:Sovereignty 1022:Nationalism 955:Irredentism 949:Familialism 944:Clericalism 900:Agrarianism 880:Revisionist 565:Middle East 524:World War I 411:Blackshirts 292:Transjordan 262:Transjordan 226:White Paper 181:Transjordan 3625:Categories 3270:Bnei Akiva 3250:Poale Zion 3177:Yiddishist 3099:Ideologies 3055:Settlement 2905:Shlaim, A. 1998:References 1926:Begin and 1544:Channel 14 1232:Literature 1102:Jabotinsky 1049:Patriotism 1001:Militarism 894:Principles 834:Ideologies 779:occupation 702:See also: 481:Gaza Strip 196:Stern Gang 3499:Rabin Day 3484:Herzl Day 3392:timelines 3200:Histadrut 3172:Canaanism 3167:Christian 3127:Religious 3019:proposals 2943:144637794 2857:144049644 2602:153330339 2384:: 125–48. 1753:West Bank 1495:My Israel 1460:Im Tirtzu 1403:Alliances 1309:New Right 1239:Iron Wall 1190:Netanyahu 1185:Lieberman 1122:Lieberman 1092:Ginsburgh 1074:Tradition 1064:Theocracy 1044:Orthodoxy 1032:Religious 939:Authority 875:Religious 785:groups). 626:Histadrut 595:kibbutzim 582:, led by 542:, in the 503:in 1996. 477:West Bank 439:East Bank 287:The 1921 99:talk page 40:in Polish 3457:Holidays 3265:Mizrachi 3132:Cultural 3015:Homeland 2988:Concepts 2935:30245501 2907:(1996). 2626:Archived 2594:20101342 1967:Kahanism 1946:See also 1794:transfer 1356:Hatzohar 1304:New Hope 1210:Smotrich 1160:Ben-Gvir 1027:Cultural 855:Kahanism 807:a series 793:Ideology 691:and the 479:and the 312:Dominion 75:provide 3330:Palmach 3285:Haganah 3137:Federal 3107:General 3017: ( 2981:Zionism 2309:2536926 1934:(whose 1617:Refusal 1556:i24NEWS 1550:HaTzofe 1538:B'Sheva 1501:Defunct 1376:Moledet 1351:Hatikva 1335:Defunct 1275:Parties 1165:Bennett 865:Zionism 726:basis". 689:Haganah 451:Knesset 247:History 233:Israeli 134:Zionism 97:to the 79:in the 42:. 3345:Aytzim 3122:Reform 3035:Yishuv 3010:Yerida 3005:Aliyah 2941: 2933: 2855: 2828: 2776: 2748: 2701: 2683: 2600: 2592: 2514: 2489: 2463: 2406: 2353: 2307: 1936:father 1889:Kadima 1761:Jordan 1480:Lehava 1445:Active 1429:Yamina 1391:Tehiya 1279:Active 1263:(2022) 1253:(2018) 1243:(1923) 1220:Ze'evi 1205:Shamir 1200:Shaked 1195:Peretz 1180:Kahane 1132:Talmon 1127:Samson 1107:Kahane 1097:Hazony 953: 754:, and 652:Hebrew 603:Poland 588:Yishuv 528:Yishuv 522:After 386:Poland 382:Warsaw 371:Hitler 346:, and 296:Jordan 3600:Ulpan 3305:Betar 3300:Irgun 3182:Golus 3162:Green 3112:Labor 2939:S2CID 2931:JSTOR 2868:[ 2853:S2CID 2598:S2CID 2590:JSTOR 2305:JSTOR 1975:Rabbi 1877:Likud 1869:Gahal 1865:Herut 1856:Irgun 1786:Mapai 1524:Media 1507:Irgun 1450:Betar 1361:Herut 1294:Likud 1215:Yosef 1175:Eitam 1170:Dayan 1155:Begin 1137:Yosef 1112:Klein 1037:Ultra 1013:Gadna 662:Betar 611:Irgun 607:Betar 486:Sinai 435:Herut 390:Betar 369:with 241:Likud 237:Herut 215:Tzakh 192:Irgun 151:" of 59:DeepL 3310:Lehi 3210:Bilu 2995:Zion 2890:2021 2826:ISBN 2774:ISBN 2746:ISBN 2699:ISBN 2681:ISBN 2634:2021 2512:ISBN 2487:ISBN 2461:ISBN 2404:ISBN 2351:ISBN 1986:Kach 1969:, a 1854:The 1757:Gaza 1576:Mida 1371:Kach 1324:Shas 1314:Noam 1117:Kook 709:Lehi 693:Lehi 179:and 155:and 73:must 71:You 2923:doi 2845:doi 2582:doi 2297:doi 1341:Ahi 870:Neo 326:. 61:or 3627:: 2937:. 2929:. 2917:. 2911:. 2876:: 2874:IL 2851:, 2810:, 2677:NJ 2596:. 2588:. 2578:12 2576:. 2572:. 2546:^ 2526:^ 2380:. 2374:. 2317:^ 2303:. 2293:13 2291:. 2287:. 2191:^ 2172:. 2168:. 2090:^ 2049:^ 2006:^ 1755:, 1241:" 809:on 750:, 650:, 590:. 567:. 457:. 384:, 342:, 284:. 243:. 187:. 140:. 3021:) 2973:e 2966:t 2959:v 2945:. 2925:: 2919:1 2893:. 2847:: 2816:. 2802:. 2792:. 2764:. 2736:. 2726:. 2717:. 2667:. 2657:. 2636:. 2604:. 2584:: 2540:. 2520:. 2495:. 2469:. 2445:. 2429:. 2413:. 2386:. 2382:9 2359:. 2311:. 2299:: 2174:1 1732:e 1725:t 1718:v 1237:" 699:. 163:( 108:. 101:.

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