1667:, as well as eleven Colombian police officers and soldiers. The commander, Cesar and one other rebel were taken into custody by agents without incident after boarding the helicopter. On 4 July, some observers questioned whether or not this was an intercepted captive release made to look like a rescue. In a 5 July communique, FARC itself blamed rebels Cesar and Enrique for the escape of the captives and acknowledged the event as a setback but reiterated their willingness to reach future humanitarian agreements. Immediately after the captive rescue, Colombian military forces cornered the rest of FARC–EP's 1st Front, the unit which had held the captives. Colombian forces did not wish to attack the 1st Front but instead offered them amnesty if they surrender. Colombia's Program for Humanitarian Attention for the Demobilized announced in August 2008 that 339 members of Colombia's rebel groups surrendered and handed in their weapons in July, including 282 guerrillas from the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia.
1640:, Venezuelan President Hugo Chávez referred to the FARC as "a real army that occupies territory in Colombia, they're not terrorists ... They have a political goal and we have to recognise that". However, on 13 January 2008, Chávez stated his disapproval of the FARC–EP strategy of armed struggle and kidnapping, saying "I don't agree with kidnapping and I don't agree with armed struggle". On 7 March at the Cumbre de Rio, Chávez stated again that the FARC–EP should lay down their arms "Look at what has happened and is happening in Latin America, reflect on this (FARC-EP), we are done with war ... enough with all this death". On 8 June Chavez repeated his call for a political solution and an end to the war, "The guerrilla war is history ... At this moment in Latin America, an armed guerrilla movement is out of place".
49:
2150:, JEP) would be the transitional justice component of the Comprehensive System, complying with Colombia's duty to investigate, clarify, prosecute and punish serious human rights violations and grave breaches of international humanitarian law which occurred during the armed conflict. Its objectives would be to satisfy victims' right to justice, offer truth to the public, contribute to the reparation of victims, contribute to the fight against impunity, adopt decisions which give full legal security to direct and indirect participants in the conflict and contribute to the achievement of a stable and lasting peace. At the end of a six-day visit to Colombia, on 9 October 2017 the UN
2612:, Claudia Roa, who joined FARC when she was 14, told how she was unknowingly given pills to induce birth when she was 8 months pregnant, after which her child was suffocated to death. According to Roa, many other women faced similar treatment, but those who became girlfriends to commanders were awarded special privileges, including the right to have children. One Colombian newspaper, after reviewing uncovered FARC documents and speaking with investigators, estimated that 1,000 forced abortions occur each year in FARC camps. In 2015, the Colombian attorney general opened an investigation into 150 cases of ex-FARC women being forced to terminate their pregnancies.
2651:(CRIC) issued a statement concerning the release of two hostages taken by FARC in 2011: "Compared to past statements made by the national government, it is important to reiterate that the presence of armed groups in our territories is a fact that has been imposed by force of arms, against which our communities and their leaders have remained in peaceful resistance." The CRIC also indicated that neither the Colombian government nor the mediators and armed groups involved consulted with the indigenous people and their authorities about the hostage release, raising concerns about the application of national and international law guaranteeing their autonomy,
1693:. As police and army troops prepared to launch a rescue operation, Lizcano escaped alongside one of his guerrilla guards who had decided to desert. The two men hiked through the rain forest for three days and nights until they encountered an army patrol. Speaking from a clinic in the western city of Cali, Mr Lizcano said that when soldiers saw him screaming from across a jungle river, they thought he was drunk and ignored him. Only when he lifted the FARC–EP rebel's Galil assault rifle did the soldiers begin to understand that he was escaping from the FARC–EP rebels. "They jumped into the river, and then I started to shout, 'I'm Lizcano'", he said.
2608:. In a 2011 Colombia Police report, 112 women had deserted FARC and reported instances of being forced to have sex with commanding officers which lead to the spread of sexually transmitted diseases as well as pregnancy. Members who became pregnant were forced to have abortions at any stage of gestation, with an estimated 80 to 90 percent of ex-FARC female members having had at least one abortion, some having up to four. The report also claims that girls as young as 13 were recruited by FARC to fill a quota of women because "The women are necessary to maintain the discipline of the FARC." In an interview with
1160:(see below) and the alleged training of FARC-EP militants in bomb making by them, and the kidnapping of several political figures, Pastrana ended the peace talks on 21 February 2002 and ordered the armed forces to start retaking the FARC-EP controlled zone, beginning at midnight. A 48-hour respite that had been previously agreed to with the rebel group was not respected as the government argued that it had already been granted during an earlier crisis in January, when most of the more prominent FARC-EP commanders had apparently left the demilitarised zone. Shortly after the end of talks, the FARC-EP kidnapped
2325:
than the paramilitaries would give them, and demanded that traffickers pay a decent wage to their workers. When growers in a FARC-controlled area were caught selling coca to non-FARC brokers, they were generally forced to leave the region, but when growers were caught selling to FARC in paramilitary-controlled areas, they were generally killed. Lower prices paid for raw coca in paramilitary-controlled areas lead to significantly larger profits for the drug processing and trafficking organizations, which means that they generally prefer that paramilitaries control an area rather than FARC.
1870:, FARC-EP killed 429 members of the Colombian government's security forces between January and October 2011. During this same period, the rebel group lost 316 of its own members. The year 2011 saw over 2,000 incidents of FARC activity, which was the highest figure recorded since 1998. The NGO has stated that while most of these incidents remain defensive in nature and were not like the large offensives from years past, FARC actions grew since 2005, and the rebel group was carrying out intense operations against small and medium-sized Colombian military units in vulnerable areas.
1747:. Officials said the abduction and execution had been carried by the FARC. According to officials, he had been killed soon after the abduction. The kidnappers cut the governor's throat as they evaded security forces. In a statement broadcast on radio, the acting governor, Patricia Vega, said, "I no longer have any doubts that FARC has done it again." The FARC claimed responsibility for Cuéllar's kidnapping and murder in January 2010. The group said that they kidnapped him in order to "put him on trial for corruption" and blamed his death on an attempt to rescue him by force.
1429:
FARC did not report any other casualties on either side and delayed months before permitting the Red Cross to recover the remains. According to the government, the guerrillas delayed turning over the corpses to let decomposition hide evidence of how they died. The Red Cross reported that the corpses had been washed and their clothing changed before burial, hiding evidence of how they were killed. The Red Cross also reported that the deputies had been killed by multiple close-range shots, many of them in the backs of the victims, and even two by shots to the head.
819:
violence of large landholders. Members organized strikes, protests, seizures of land, and organized communist-controlled "self-defense communities" in southern
Colombia that were able to resist state military forces, while providing for the subsistence needs of the populace. Many of the PCC's attempts at organizing peasants were met with violent repression by the Colombian government and the landowning class. U.S. military intelligence estimated that in 1962, the size of the PCC had grown to 8,000 to 10,000 active members, and an additional 28,000 supporters.
1707:" with little control of the nation's territory, adding that "they have really been diminished to the point where we can say they are a minimal threat to Colombian security", and that "After six years of going after them, reducing their income and promoting reinsertion of most of their members, they look like a paper tiger." However, he warned against any kind of premature triumphalism, because "crushing the rebels will take time". The 500,000 square kilometers (190,000 sq mi) of jungle in Colombia makes it hard to track them down to fight.
2494:
2476:
1114:. In his thesis, Labrousse asserts that the FARC-EP leadership, like that of the Taliban, explicitly bans the use of drugs by its membership and within the local population, but vigorously advocates for legalization of drug trafficking as a tool to finance its military objectives. In both cases, the insurgency groups manage to garner significant political support of farmers who serve to benefit from the illicit drug trade, prompting grassroots mobilization, political activism, and agitation to demand legalization by the government.
1846:, on 23 September 2010. President Juan Manuel Santos stated that the FARC commander was killed in an operation that began in the early hours of 21 September in the department of Meta, 200 miles (320 km) south of the capital Bogotá. According to Santos, he was "the impersonation of terror and a symbol of violence". After this event, the FARC-EP released a statement saying that defeating the group would not bring peace to Colombia and called for a negotiated solution, not surrender, to the social and political conflict.
14662:
14616:
317:
2874:
2358:
Organization target list, which identifies the most dangerous international drug trafficking organizations. Recognizing the increased profits, the FARC moved to become directly involved in the manufacture and distribution of cocaine by setting the price paid for cocaine paste and transporting it to jungle laboratories under FARC control. The charged FARC leaders ordered that
Colombian farmers who sold paste to non-FARC buyers would be murdered and that U.S. fumigation planes should be shot down.
429:
14649:
2193:
919:
allowed them to expand into an irregular army, which would then stage large-scale attacks on
Colombian troops. They also began sending fighters to Vietnam and the Soviet Union for advanced military training. They also planned to move closer to middle-sized cities, as opposed to only remote rural areas, and closer to areas rich in natural resources, in order to create a strong economic infrastructure. It was also at this conference that FARC added the initials "EP", for "
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group. Civilians in these locations also tended to get caught in the middle of the conflict between FARC and its government or paramilitary opponents. In the populated urban areas where the
Colombian state has maintained a solid historical presence, some FARC sympathies may have existed in the poorest neighborhoods and among certain progressive sectors of the middle class, but most city inhabitants tended to view the guerrillas as one of Colombia's main problems.
447:
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1132:
391:
348:
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1955:, otherwise known as Gabino, added that his group was interested in joining the talks too: "Well we are open, it's exactly our proposal, to seek room for open dialogue without conditions and start to discuss the nation's biggest problems. But the government has said no! Santos says he has the keys to peace in his pocket, but I think he has lost them because there seems to be no possibility of a serious dialogue, we remain holding out for that."
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329:
14435:
14636:
14445:
14364:
1253:
404:
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visible guerrilla presence in northern and central
Colombia as well as in Guainía, Vaupés and Amazonas, limiting FARC to clandestine operations. Similar military setbacks and retreats occurred even within its traditional strongholds, forcing the FARC to move towards the most remote areas, but there the guerrillas did appear to maintain popular support among the peasants that had developed organic links to the insurgency.
2003:. The Colombian government has also stated that they expect that a post-Chávez government will continue to support the peace process. In late 2012, FARC declared a two-month unilateral cease-fire and said that they would be open to extending it as a bilateral truce afterwards during the rest of the negotiations. The Colombian government refused to agree to a bilateral cease-fire, alleging violations of the truce by FARC.
1403:, later named Minister of Foreign Relations and formerly Development Minister, escaped his captors on 31 December 2006. Araújo had to walk through the jungle for five days before being found by troops in the hamlet of San Agustin, 350 miles (560 km) north of Bogotá. He was kidnapped on 5 December 2000 while jogging in the Caribbean coastal city of Cartagena. He was reunited with his family on 5 January 2007.
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2304:(DEA) came to three similar conclusions. First, that any connections between drug trafficking organizations and Colombian insurgents were "ad hoc 'alliances of convenience'". Second, that "the independent involvement of insurgents in Colombia's domestic drug productions, transportation, and distribution is limited ... there is no evidence that the national leadership of either the FARC or the
2621:
of indigenous people in
Antioquia Department. In March 1999 members of a local FARC contingent killed 3 indigenous rights activists, who were working with the U'Wa people to build a school for U'Wa children, and were fighting against encroachment of U'Wa territory by multinational oil corporations. The killings were almost universally condemned, and seriously harmed public perceptions of FARC.
1817:, leading to what he called a further "degradation" of the conflict. Valencia also added that both coca crops and the drug trade have "doubled" in areas with FARC-EP presence. Researcher Claudia López considered that the Colombian government is winning the strategic and aerial side of the war but not the infantry front, where both the FARC-EP and ELN continue to maintain an offensive capacity.
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1889:
According to the
Colombian military, this same unit remained in the area for 43 days and did not find the captives until they accidentally ran into the FARC camp on the way back, which led to a shootout. Relatives of the captives, former victims and civil society groups blamed both the government and FARC for the outcome, questioning the operation as well as criticizing military rescues.
2113:
full immunity for full confession and cooperation, although drug trafficking would be assessed on a case-by-case basis. Peace terms would be enforced by a
Special Justice for the Peace, who would report to the Constitutional Court and not to an international body, and both Parliament and the Special Justice would have the ability to modify the terms of the agreement as seen necessary.
2354:, the commander of the FARC's 16th Front, led the 16th Front's drug-trafficking activities together with Carlos Bolas and a rebel known as Oscar El Negro. Between 1994 and 2001, Molina and other 16th Front members controlled Barranco Minas, where they collected cocaine from other FARC fronts to sell it to international drug traffickers for payment in currency, weapons and equipment.
1380:, would be a serious obstacle to reaching a prisoner exchange agreement with the government. On 17 December 2004, the Colombian government authorised Trinidad's extradition to the United States, but stated that the measure could be revoked if the FARC-EP released all political hostages and military captives in its possession before 30 December. The FARC-EP rejected the demand.
2309:
marketing of illegal drugs in the United States. Furthermore it is doubtful that either insurgent group could develop the international transportation and logistics infrastructure necessary to establish independent drug distribution in the United States or Europe ... DEA believes that the insurgents never will be major players in
Colombia's drug trade."
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and order in these regions by implementing its own rules and regulations. During the 1990s, FARC expanded its operations, in some areas, to include trafficking and production, which had provided a significant portion of its funding. Right-wing paramilitary groups also receive a large portion of their income from drug trafficking and production operations.
2632:(ONIC), 80,000 members of indigenous communities have been displaced from their native lands since 2004 because of FARC-related violence. Luis Evelis, an indigenous leader and ONIC representative, has stated that "the armed conflict is still in force, causing damages to the indigenous. Our territories are self-governed and we demand our
2029:
negotiating attempts over 30 years. The peace process then moved on to the issue of "political participation", during which FARC insisted on its demand for an elected
Constituent Assembly to rewrite Colombia's constitution. This demand has been forcefully rejected by Colombia's lead government negotiator, Humberto de la Calle.
2434:, the number of kidnappings decreased in the last years of the conflict, but the human rights organization estimated that FARC and ELN guerrillas continued to be behind hundreds of cases until their disarming. In 2008, press reports estimated that about 700 hostages continued to be held captive by FARC. According to the
899:. 16,000 Colombian troops attacked the community, which only had 48 armed fighters. Marulanda and 47 others fought against government forces at Marquetalia and then escaped into the mountains along with the other fighters. These 48 men formed the core of FARC, which later grew in size to hundreds of fighters.
1850:
increased. Overall FARC operations, including attacks against security forces as well as kidnappings and the use of land mines, have increased every year since 2005. In the first six months of 2011 the FARC carried out an estimated 1,115 actions, which constitutes a 10% increase over the same period in 2010.
1732:
with his Colombian girlfriend, Diana Patricia Pena while paying workers. She escaped that same month following a gun battle between her captors and police. Larsson suffered a stroke while in captivity. The FARC-EP had sought a $ 5 million ransom. One of Larsson's sons said that the ransom was not paid.
1647:, the FARC–EP was tricked by the Colombian Government into releasing 15 captives to Colombian Intelligence agents disguised as journalists and international aid workers in a helicopter rescue. Military intelligence agents infiltrated the guerrilla ranks and led the local commander in charge of the captives,
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2447:, which has argued that its own archives suggest an estimated 1,617 people taken hostage between 2000 and 2008 remain in the hands of their captors, including hundreds seized by FARC. FARC claimed at the time that it was holding nine people for ransom in addition to hostages kept for a prisoner exchange.
2902:
at the same time. FARC dissidents are led by former mid-level commanders such as alias Gentil Duarte, alias Euclides Mora, alias John 40, alias Giovanny Chuspas y alias Julián Chollo. The FARC dissidents have been responsible for several attacks on the Colombian armed forces. Dissidents of FARC's 1st
2824:
Relations between the FARC-EP and local populations vary greatly depending on the history and specific characteristics of each region. In rural areas where the guerrillas have maintained a continuous presence for several decades, there are often organic links between the FARC and peasant communities.
2457:
In February 2012, FARC announced that it would release ten members of the security forces, who it described as political prisoners, representing the last such captives in its custody. It further announced the repeal of Law 002, bringing to an end its support for the practice of kidnapping for ransom.
2308:
has directed, as a matter of policy, that their respective organizations directly engage in independent illicit drug production, transportation, or distribution." Third, the report determined that the DEA "has no evidence that the FARC or ELN have been involved in the transportation, distribution, or
1919:
Exploratory conversations have been held with the FARC to find an end to the conflict. I want to make very clear to Colombians that the approaches that have been carried out and the ones that will happen in the future will be carried out within the framework based on these principles: We are going to
1849:
In January 2011 Juan Manuel Santos admitted that FARC-EP had killed 460 government soldiers and wounded over 2,000 in 2010. In April 2011 the Colombian congress issued a statement saying that FARC has a "strong presence" in roughly one third of the municipalities in Colombia, while their attacks have
1808:
NGO, 473 FARC-EP guerrillas and 357 members of the Colombian security forces died in combat between January and September 2010. An additional 1,382 government soldiers or policemen were wounded during the same period, with the report estimating that the total number of casualties could reach 2,500 by
1731:
On 17 March 2009, The FARC-EP released Swedish hostage Erik Roland Larsson. Larsson, paralyzed in half his body, was handed over to detectives in a rugged region of the northern state of Córdoba. Larsson was kidnapped from his ranch in Tierralta, not far from where he was freed, on 16 May 2007, along
1395:
One prisoner, Julian Ernesto Guevara Castro, a police officer, died of tuberculosis on 28 January 2006. He was a captain and was captured on 1 November 1998. On 29 March 2009, the FARC-EP announced that they would give Guevara's remains to his mother. The FARC handed over Guevara's remains on 1 April
1268:, which led to the capture or desertion of many fighters and medium-level commanders. Uribe ran for office on an anti-FARC-EP platform and was determined to defeat FARC-EP in a bid to create "confidence" in the country. Uribe's own father had been killed by FARC-EP in an attempted kidnapping in 1983.
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Towards the end of 1990, the Colombian army, with no advance warning and while negotiations were still ongoing with the group, attacked and seized four linked bases. The last of these a compound known as Casa Verde, which housed the National Secretariat of the FARC–EP, was seized on 15 December 1990.
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on 1 December 1957 and was supported by the Church as well as Colombia's business leaders. The initial power-sharing agreement was effective until 1974; nonetheless, with modifications, the Liberal–Conservative bipartisan system lasted until 1990. The 16-year extension of the bipartisan power-sharing
2820:
The largest concentrations of FARC–EP guerrillas were located in the southeastern parts of Colombia's 500,000 square kilometers (190,000 sq mi) of jungle and in the plains at the base of the Andean mountains. However, the FARC and the ELN lost control of much of their territory, especially
2620:
FARC sometimes threatened or assassinated indigenous Colombian leaders for attempting to prevent FARC incursions into their territory and resisting the forcible recruitment by FARC of indigenous youth. Between 1986 and 2001, FARC was responsible for 27 assassinations, 15 threats, and 14 other abuses
2292:
report "acknowledged that the FARC had become increasingly involved in drugs through their "taxing" of the trade in areas under their geographical control and that in some cases the insurgents protected trafficking infrastructure to further fund their insurgency", but also described the relationship
1924:
He also said that he would learn from the mistakes of previous leaders, who failed to secure a lasting ceasefire with FARC, though the military would still continue operations throughout Colombia while talks continued. An unnamed Colombian intelligence source said Santos has assured FARC that no one
1681:
for over 8 years, and escaped with a FARC–EP rebel he convinced to travel with him. They evaded pursuit for three days as they trekked through mountains and jungles, encountering the military in the western coastal region of Colombia. Tulio Lizcano is the first hostage to escape since the successful
1208:
On 15 February 2002, the Colombia Three were charged with training FARC-EP members in bomb-making in Colombia. The Colombian authorities had received satellite footage of the men with FARC-EP in an isolated jungle area, where they were thought to have spent five weeks. They could have spent up to 20
1091:
Over this period in Colombia, the cultivation of different drugs expanded and there were widespread coca farmers' marches. These marches brought to a halt several major arteries in southern Colombia. Government officials said that FARC-EP had forced the protesters to participate. According to social
1001:
Since 1986, thousands of members of the UP and other leftist parties were murdered (estimates range from 4,000 to 6,000). In 1987, the President of the UP, Jaime Pardo, was murdered. In 1989 a single large landholder had over 400 UP members murdered. Over 70% of all Colombian presidential candidates
918:
In 1982, FARC–EP held its Seventh Guerrilla Conference, which called for a major shift in FARC's strategy. FARC had historically been doing most of its fighting in rural areas and was limited to small-scale confrontations with Colombian military forces. By 1982, increased income from the "coca boom"
4855:
This was the case in 1961, when the Republic of Marquetalia was declared by guerrilla leader Manuel Marulanda Velez (also known as 'Tiro Fijo' or Sure Shot). The Lleras government, fearing that a Cuban-style revolutionary situation might develop, launched a surprise attack against the area in early
2864:
By the end of 2010, FARC-EP influence was significantly reduced in the regions where it had only carried out a recent military-focused expansion during the 1980s and 1990s, in part due to the failure to establish close social ties with local populations. Government offensives eradicated much of the
2860:
In other rural regions of the country, where a FARC presence had only been established within the last twenty years of the conflict and primarily remained military in nature, there was often a level of distrust between FARC rebels and the local peasant communities, which lack historical ties to the
2324:
In those FARC controlled territories that do produce coca, it is generally grown by peasants on small plots; in paramilitary or government controlled areas, coca is generally grown on large plantations. The FARC-EP generally made sure that peasant coca growers receive a much larger share of profits
2284:
FARC was not initially involved in direct drug cultivation, trafficking, or trans-shipment prior to or during the 1980s. Instead, it maintained a system of taxation on the production that took place in the territories that they controlled, in exchange for protecting the growers and establishing law
2103:
The government met with victims and peace opponents after the referendum was rejected, receiving over 500 proposed changes, and continued to negotiate with FARC. A revised agreement announced on 12 November 2016, which would require parliamentary approval rather than a nationwide referendum. Former
2068:
On 30 September 2015, Ravi Shankar accused Norway of sidetracking his effort at brokering a peace deal between the Colombian government and FARC, after Norway, which was part of a four-nation group (along with Cuba, Chile and Venezuela) acting as guarantors in the talks, released a statement saying
2028:
On 27 May 2013, it was announced that one of the most contentious issues had been resolved. Land reform and compensation was tackled with promises to compensate those who had lost land. This is the first time the government and FARC have reached an agreement on a substantive issue in four different
1754:
Cabrera to Piedad Córdoba as a humanitarian gesture. Moncayo was kidnapped on 21 December 1997. On 28 June 2009, the FARC announced that they would release soldier Josue Daniel Calvo Sanchez. Calvo was kidnapped on 20 April 2009. Calvo was released on 28 March 2010. Moncayo was released on 30 March
1727:
as a humanitarian gesture. On 1 February 2009, the FARC–EP proceeded with the release of the four security force members, Juan Fernando Galicio Uribe, José Walter Lozano Guarnizo, Alexis Torres Zapata and William Giovanni Domínguez Castro. All of them were captured in 2007. Jara (kidnapped in 2001)
1391:
In a separate series of events, the German government and a foreign ministry crisis team negotiated the release of civilian hostage and German citizen Lothar Hintze on 4 April 2006 after five years in captivity. Hintze had been kidnapped from a tourist center in Prado on 16 March 2001 for extortion
1368:
They requested security guarantees both for the displacement of their negotiators and that of the guerrillas that would be freed, which were stated to number as many as 500 or more, and ask the Catholic Church to coordinate the participation of the United Nations and other countries in the process.
1355:
On 2 December 2004, the government announced the pardon of 23 FARC–EP prisoners, to encourage a reciprocal move. The prisoners to be released were all of low rank and had promised not to rejoin the armed struggle. In November 2004, the FARC–EP had rejected a proposal to hand over 59 of its captives
778:
type of industrial farm (more than 50 hectares) occupied more than 77 per cent of arable land in the country. The AED policy increased the concentration of land ownership among cattle ranchers and urban industrialists, whose businesses expanded their profits as a result of reductions in the cost of
633:
A small faction of FARC leaders announced a return to armed activity on 29 August 2019, stating that the Colombian government did not respect peace agreements, a position Colombian officials disagreed with. The Colombian government responded with preemptive strikes, killing FARC members planning to
579:
FARC made 239 attacks on the energy infrastructure; however, they showed signs of fatigue. By 2014, the FARC were not seeking to engage in outright combat with the army, instead concentrating on small-scale ambushes against isolated army units. Meanwhile, from 2008 to 2017, the FARC opted to attack
2856:
The FARC had also been able to provide limited social services in these regions, such as health care and education, including building minor infrastructure works in the form of rural roads. Peasants who have grown up in areas under historical FARC control may become accustomed to accepting them as
2269:
The guerillas's main means of financing was through the drug trade which includes both direct and indirect participation; taxation, administration or control of areas of production and trafficking. A large but often difficult to estimate portion of funding comes from the taxation of businesses and
2112:
and thereafter issued a noncommittal statement that he awaited release of the full text. Among the reported 60 new or modified terms was a provision for FARC assets to be distributed for victim compensation. FARC members would be able to establish a political party, and would in general be granted
2096:
Under the accord, the Colombian government will support massive investment for rural development and facilitate the FARC's reincarnation as a legal political party. FARC promised to help eradicate illegal drug crops, remove landmines in the areas of conflict, and offer reparations to victims. FARC
2061:
After many discussions, FARC finally agreed to embrace the Gandhian principle of non-violence. Commander Ivan Marquez declared in the press conference that they would adopt it. The FARC agreed that hatred had derailed the peace process. Marquez said, "We will work for peace and justice for all the
1911:
On 22 November 2012, the FARC released four Chinese oil workers. The hostages were working for the Emerald Energy oil company, a British-based subsidiary of China's Sinochem Group, when they were kidnapped on 8 June 2011. Their Colombian driver was also kidnapped, but released several hours later.
1862:
in 2011. In June 2011 Colombian chief of staff Edgar Cely claimed that the FARC wants to "urbanize their actions", which could partly explain the increased guerrilla activity in Medellín and particularly Cali. Jeremy McDermott, co-director of Insight Crime, estimates that FARC may have some 30,000
1853:
By early 2011 Colombian authorities and news media reported that the FARC and the clandestine sister groups had partly shifted strategy from guerrilla warfare to "a war of militias", meaning that they were increasingly operating in civilian clothes while hiding amongst sympathizers in the civilian
1828:
had led to the number of FARC-EC combatants being reduced to around 7,000, less than half the 20,000 combatants estimated to have been employed by the FARC-EC in the early 2000s. The same organisation also stated that the military offensive had been able to reduce FARC territorial control and push
1531:
On 4 February 2008, anti-FARC protests were held in 45 Colombian cities and towns, with an estimated 1.5 million people coming out in Bogotá alone. Solidarity rallies were held in some 200 cities worldwide including Berlin, Barcelona, London, Madrid, Toronto, Dubai, Miami, New York, Brisbane,
1477:
for more than two years under a different name, was hers. She reclaimed her son. Asked about her opinion of the FARC–EP as group, Rojas called it "a criminal organisation", condemning its kidnappings as "a total violation of human dignity" and saying some captive police and soldiers are constantly
1428:
whom the guerrillas had kidnapped in 2002. The guerrillas claimed that the deputies had been killed by crossfire during an attack by an "unidentified military group." The Colombian government stated that government forces had not made any rescue attempts and that the FARC–EP executed the hostages.
818:
in 1930. The PCC began establishing "peasant leagues" in rural areas and "popular fronts" in urban areas, calling for improved living and working conditions, education, and rights for the working class. These groups began networking together to present a defensive front against the state-supported
686:
of individual freedom here, than in any country we've been to; the police patrol the streets, carrying rifles, and demand your papers every few minutes ... the atmosphere, here, is tense, and it seems a revolution may be brewing. The countryside is in open revolt, and the army is powerless to
2889:
refers to a group formerly part of the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia, who have refused to lay down their arms after the FARC-government peace treaty came into effect in 2016. The dissidents number some 1,200 armed combatants with an unknown number of civilian militia supporting them. The
2204:
In a video published on 29 August 2019, former second-in-command FARC leader Iván Márquez announced his return to arms in the name of the guerrilla movement. Márquez denounced that the Government did not comply with its part of the Havana accord, with 667 local activists and 150 former guerrillas
2044:
On 23 January 2014 Juan Fernando Cristo, the President of the Senate of Colombia, proposed a second Plan Colombia during a conference on the Colombian peace process in Washington, D.C. Cristo stated that this new plan should be "for the victims" and should redirect the resources from the original
1359:
In a communique dated 28 November but released publicly on 3 December, the FARC-EP declared that they were no longer insisting on the demilitarisation of San Vicente del Caguán and Cartagena del Chairá as a precondition for the negotiation of the prisoner exchange, but instead that of Florida and
563:
groups have caused 38.4% of the civilian deaths, while the Guerillas are responsible for 16.8%, the Colombian Security Forces for 10.1%, and other non-identified armed groups for 27.7%. The National Centre for Historical Memory has also concluded that of the 27,023 kidnappings carried out between
2960:
recognized the FARC–EP as a proper army. President Chávez also asked the Colombian government and their allies to recognize the FARC as a belligerent force, arguing that such political recognition would oblige the FARC to forgo kidnapping and terrorism as methods of civil war and to abide by the
2546:
and elsewhere, without providing any legal defense mechanisms to the suspects and generally refusing to give any information to relatives of the victims. The human rights NGO directly investigated three such cases and received additional information about over twenty possible executions during a
2407:
claimed that the FARC-EP does not engage in kidnapping but instead "retains in order to obtain resources needed for our struggle". Commander Trinidad said he did not know how many people had been taken by FARC or how much money was collected by the organization in exchange for their freedom. In
1758:
On 13 June 2010, Colombian troops rescued Police Colonel Luis Herlindo Mendieta Ovalle, Police Captain Enrique Murillo Sanchez and Army Sergeant Arbey Delgado Argote in an event known as Operation Chameleon, twelve years after the individuals were captured; Argote was kidnapped on 3 August 1998.
1574:
On 1 March 2008, Raul Reyes, a member of FARC's ruling Secretariat, was killed just across the border from Colombia, in the small village of Santa Rosa, Ecuador, after Colombian planes bombarded a FARC camp there. The bombardment was "followed by troops in helicopters who recovered the bodies of
1432:
In February 2009, Sigifredo López, the only deputy who survived and was later released by FARC, accused the group of killing the 11 captives and denied that any military rescue attempt had taken place. According to López, the unexpected arrival of another guerrilla unit resulted in confusion and
1184:
activities in Colombia. Their report alleged a longstanding connection between the IRA and FARC–EP, mentioned at least 15 IRA members who had been travelling in and out of Colombia since 1998, and estimated that the IRA had received at least $ 2 million in drug proceeds for training FARC-EP
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interpretation of what constituted "efficient use" of the land, thousands of peasants were forcefully evicted from their farms and migrated to the cities, where they became part of the industrial labor pool. In 1961, the dispossession of farmland had produced 40,000 landless families and by 1969
2154:
for human rights Andrew Gilmour issued statement welcoming progress in the demobilization and disarmament of the FARC. However, he expressed, "concern about problems in the implementation of the accords which relate to the continued attacks against human rights defenders and community leaders."
1962:
reported on 29 September that a preliminary draft of the proposals indicated that a resolution would involve answering FARC's historic grievances including rural development and agrarian reform; democracy development via an enhancement of the number of registered political parties; security and
1457:
insignias. In a statement published on a pro-rebel Web site, the FARC-EP said the unilateral release demonstrated the group's willingness to engage the Colombian government in talks over the release of as many as 800 people who are still being held. In a televised speech, Colombia's U.S.-allied
1122:
In March 1999 members of a local FARC contingent killed three United States-based indigenous rights activists, who were working with the U'Wa people to build a school for U'Wa children, and were fighting against encroachment of U'Wa territory by multinational oil corporations. The killings were
4892:
Visit to Colombia, South America, by a Team from Special Warfare Center, Fort Bragg, North Carolina, Headquarters, U.S. Army Special Warfare School, 26 February 1962, Kennedy Library, Box 319, National Security Files, Special Group; Fort Bragg Team; Visit to Colombia; 3/62, "Secret Supplement,
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The group demanded a demilitarised zone including two towns (Florida and Pradera) in the strategic region of Valle del Cauca, where much of the current military action against them has taken place. This region is also an important way of transporting drugs to the Pacific coast and was even the
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experts to investigate Colombia's internal security situation. Among other policy recommendations the US team advised that "to shield the interests of both Colombian and US authorities against 'interventionist' charges any special aid given for internal security was to be sterile and covert in
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From the beginning of their training, both guerrilla and paramilitary child recruits were taught to treat the other side's fighters or sympathizers without mercy. Adults order children to kill, mutilate, and torture, conditioning them to the cruelest abuses. Not only do children face the same
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if they had been carried out by agents of the government or on its behalf, but nevertheless remained "blatant violations of the FARC-EP's obligations under international humanitarian law and in particular key provisions of article 4 of Protocol II, which protects against violence to the life,
567:
The strength of the FARC–EP forces was high; in 2007, the FARC said they were an armed force of 18,000 men and women; in 2010, the Colombian military calculated that FARC forces consisted of about 13,800 members, 50 percent of whom were armed guerrilla combatants; and in 2011 the president of
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reviewed 3,307 officially unsettled cases and removed those that had already been resolved or for which there was insufficient information. The agency concluded that 125 hostages remained in captivity nationwide of whom 66 were being held by the FARC–EP. The government's revised figures were
2357:
On 22 March 2006 the Attorney General Alberto Gonzales announced the indictment of fifty leaders of FARC for exporting more than $ 25 billion worth of cocaine to the United States and other countries. Several of the FARC leaders appeared on the Justice Department's Consolidated Priority
1903:
In 2012, FARC announced they would no longer participate in kidnappings for ransom and released the last ten soldiers and police officers they kept as prisoners, but it has kept silent about the status of hundreds of civilians still reported as hostages, and continued kidnapping soldiers and
1888:
The Colombian military had information indicating that there could be captives in the area and initiated Operation Jupiter in October 2011, using a 56 men Special Forces unit to carry out surveillance for preparing a future rescue mission that would involve additional troops and air support.
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in violent areas. Following Yarborough's recommendations, the Colombian military recruited civilians into "civil defense" groups which worked alongside the military in its counter-insurgency campaign, as well as in civilian intelligence networks to gather information on guerrilla activity.
2658:
Official Colombian government statistics show that murders of indigenous people between January and May 2011 have increased 38% compared to the same timeframe in 2010. Colombia is home to nearly 1 million indigenous people, divided into around 100 different ethnicities. The Colombian
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and La Paz. The protests were originally organised through Facebook and were also supported by local Colombian media outlets as well as the Colombian government. Participation estimates vary from the hundreds of thousands to several millions of people in Colombia and thousands worldwide.
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considers that "the FARC-EP's continued use of gas cylinder mortars shows this armed group's flagrant disregard for lives of civilians...gas cylinder bombs are impossible to aim with accuracy and, as a result, frequently strike civilian objects and cause avoidable civilian casualties."
1565:
1045:, Mexico. However, the war did not stop, and armed attacks by both sides continued. The negotiation process was broken off in 1993 after no agreement was reached. The Coordinating Board disappeared not long after that time, and guerrilla groups continued their activities independently.
2526:
FARC consistently carried out attacks against civilians specifically targeting suspected supporters of paramilitary groups, political adversaries, journalists, local leaders, and members of certain indigenous groups since at least as early as 1994. From 1994 to 1997 the region of
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After the attack, the Colombian military forces managed to secure six laptop computers belonging to Reyes, in which they found information linking several left-wing Colombian personalities, such as politicians, journalists and human rights activists with terrorist activities.
2659:
Constitutional Court has warned that 35 of those groups are in danger of dying out. The Permanent Assembly for the Defense of Life and Territorial Control has stated that the armed conflict "is not only part of one or two areas, it is a problem of all the indigenous people."
1578:
This incident led to a breakdown in diplomatic relations between Ecuador and Colombia, and between Venezuela and Colombia. Ecuador condemned the attack. The incident also resulted in diplomatic strains between the United States and Ecuador, following revelations that the
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said that taxes on drug laboratories represented an important part of the organization's income, although he didn't say how much it was. He defended this funding source, arguing that drug trade was endemic in Colombia because it had pervaded many sectors of its economy.
1623:
After speculations in several national and international media about the "softening up" of the FARC and the announcement of Colombian President Álvaro Uribe that several FARC leaders were ready to surrender and free their captives, the secretariat of the FARC sent out a
993:
The UP performed better in elections than any other leftist party in Colombia's history. In 1986, UP candidates won 350 local council seats, 23 deputy positions in departmental assemblies, 9 seats in the House, and 6 seats in the Senate. The 1986 presidential candidate,
1963:
compensation for the victims of the conflict. In these regards, the Colombian government has already passed a series of laws that entail compensation for the victims and a return of land to the displaced. FARC also indicated a willingness to give up their arms. Former
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1575:
Reyes and another 16 rebels." Reyes was the former FARC chief negotiator during the unsuccessful 1998–2002 peace process, and was also a key FARC hostage release negotiator. Reyes' demise marked the first time that a FARC Secretariat member had been killed in combat.
1315:
In early February 2005, a series of small-scale actions by the FARC-EP around the southwestern departments of Colombia, resulted in an estimated 40 casualties. The FARC–EP, in response to government military operations in the south and in the southeast, displaced its
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admitted one of the men was the party's representative in Cuba. The missing witness, a former police inspector, said he had seen Mr McCauley with FARC-EP members in 1998. Without his testimony, legal sources said the chances of convicting the three men were reduced.
637:
As of February 2024, the vast majority of former FARC members have honored the 2016 peace agreement. However, in August 2024 the government announced an end to a ceasefire with the dissident FARC faction the Estado Mayor Central, EMC, who reject the 2016 peace deal.
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and other activities, ransom kidnappings, bank robberies, and extortion of large landholders, multinational corporations, and agribusiness. From taxation of illegal drugs and other economic activity, FARC was estimated to receive US$ 60–100 million per year.
12164:
2037:'s Adam Isacson explains that two issues central to peace accords with ELN—resource policy and kidnapping—are currently off the table in the talks in Havana with FARC, and the addition of these topics may complicate and slow down an already sluggish process.
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In 2000, the FARC-EP issued a directive called "Law 002" which demanded a "tax" from all individuals and corporations with assets worth at least US$ 1 million, warning that those who failed to pay would be detained by the group. In 2001, FARC Commander
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as a humanitarian gesture. On 27 February 2008, the three hostages and Jorge Eduardo Gechem Turbay (who was added to the list due to his poor health) were released by FARC–EP. With the authorization of the Colombian government and the participation of the
2209:, who assured that his party remains committed to peace agreements and that "ore than 90 percent of former FARC guerrillas remain committed to the peace process". Londoño also criticized Márquez, stating that the majority of former guerrillas killed were
2312:
FARC had called for crop substitution programs that would allow coca farmers to find alternative means of income and subsistence. In 1999, FARC worked with a United Nations alternative development project to enable the transition from coca production to
731:(Frente Nacional, 1958–74). The Liberal and the Conservative parties agreed to alternate in the exercise of government power by presenting a joint National Front candidate to each election and restricting the participation of other political movements.
2032:
On 1 July 2013, FARC and the second-largest guerrilla group in Colombia, ELN, announced that they would be working together to find a "political solution to the social and armed conflict." The details of this partnership, however, were far from clear;
1335:
The FARC-EP originally said that they would only release the police and military members they held captive (whom they considered to be prisoners of war) through exchanges with the government for imprisoned FARC-EP members. During the duration of the
1947:
on 5 October and then return to Havana for approximately six months of talks before culminating in Colombia. However, Santos later ruled out a ceasefire pending the talks in Oslo and reiterated that offensive operations against FARC would continue.
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learn from the mistakes made in the past so that they are not repeated. Second, any process must lead to the end of the conflict, not making it longer. Third, operations and military presence will be maintained across the entire national territory.
2123:
On 18 February 2017, the last FARC guerrillas arrived in a designated transition zone, where they began the process of disarming. The rebels stayed in the zones until 31 May, after which they were registered and reintegrated into civilian life.
1590:, another member of FARC–EP's seven-man Secretariat, less than a week later, by the hand of his own bodyguard. It came as a result of heavy Colombian military pressure and a reward offer of up to $ 5 million from the Colombian government.
2340:(a.k.a. Fernandinho Beira-Mar) in Colombia, Colombian and Brazilian authorities accused him of cooperating with FARC-EP through the exchange of weapons for cocaine. They also claimed that he received armed protection from the guerrilla group.
1854:
population. In early January 2011 the Colombian army said that the FARC has some 18,000 members, with 9,000 of those forming part of the militias. The army says it has identified at least 1,400 such militia members in the FARC strongholds of
2517:
mentioned that, during 2004, "FARC-EP continued to commit grave breaches such as murders of protected persons, torture and hostage-taking, which affected many civilians, including men, women, returnees, boys and girls, and ethnic groups."
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in which twelve people identified as FARC dissidents were killed. According to Duque, one of them, Gildardo Cucho, was the leader of the group which would be joining Iván Márquez in the rearmament. Duque also accused Venezuelan president
2138:
The last batch of weapons belonging to former FARC rebels has been removed under UN supervision. The United Nations collected 8,112 guns, 1.3 million bullets, 22 tons of explosives, 3,000 grenades and 1,000 land mines from the FARC.
1058:
In the early 1990s, the FARC–EP had between 7,000 and 10,000 fighters, organized into 70 fronts spread throughout the country. From 1996 to 1998 they inflicted a series of strikes on the Colombian Army, including a three-day offensive in
2135:. Peace observers had received the coordinates of 873 weapons caches hidden in Colombia's remote jungles and mountains. The UN was able to remove 510 of these weapons caches, leaving the remaining 363 caches for the military to pick up.
2980:, throughout the 1990s and 2000s until the latter's overthrow in 2011. The FARC in 2000 requested a $ 100 million loan from Tripoli, FARC commanders were hosted in Libya and FARC soldiers were allegedly seen fighting for Gaddafi in the
2847:, and – to a lesser extent – portions of Huila, Tolima and Nariño. Within remote locations under FARC control and where the national government is generally absent, the group can function as a revolutionary vanguard and institutes its
1383:
On 25 March 2006, after a public announcement made weeks earlier, the FARC–EP released two captured policemen at La Dorada, Putumayo. The release took place some 335 miles (539 km) southwest of Bogotá, near the Ecuadorean border.
4064:
2595:
Landmine and Cluster Munitions Monitor, "FARC is probably the most prolific current user of antipersonnel mines among rebel groups anywhere in the world." Furthermore, FARC use child soldiers to carry and deploy antipersonnel mines.
2297:"we do not believe that the drug industry would be substantially disrupted in the short term by attacks against guerrillas. Indeed, many traffickers would probably welcome, and even assist, increased operations against insurgents."
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1364:
department. They state that this area would lie outside the "area of influence" of both their Southern and Eastern Blocks (the FARC-EP's strongest) and that of the military operations being carried out by the Uribe administration.
2808:. The FARC–EP said it would continue its armed struggle because it perceived the Colombian government as an enemy because of historical politically motivated violence against its members and supporters, including members of the
1109:
French sociologist Alain Labrousse, who has conducted extensive research on the illicit narcotics industry in Latin America and Central Asia, has noted similarities in the reliance on the drug trade by both the FARC-EP and the
10987:
3415:
1971:
said: "If the government wants a serious peace plan they will have to take control of the coca leaf plantations that are currently owned by the FARC because if not another criminal group will take over it." Santos later told
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2643:
has indicated that no military activities may be carried out within indigenous territories without first undertaking an "effective consultation" with indigenous representatives and authorities from the communities involved.
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in a firefight on 4 November 2011. The 6th Front of the FARC, which was in charge of Cano's security at the time of his death, retaliated by killing two policemen in Suarez and Jambaló some 24 hours after the death of Cano.
1469:. At 8 months old, the baby was removed from the area and Rojas didn't hear of the boy again until 31 December, when she heard Colombian President Álvaro Uribe say on the radio that the child was no longer with her captors.
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4129:
1885:Álvaro Moreno after government troops approached the guerrilla camp where they were held in an area of the Caqueta department. Police Sergeant Luis Alberto Erazo Maya managed to escape his captors and was later rescued.
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lead rearmament activities. In October of 2023, the Colombian government engaged in peace talks with the FARC splinter group and agreed to a ceasefire. In January, both sides agreed to extend the ceasefire to June 2024.
3896:
2040:
On 6 November 2013 the Colombian government and FARC announced that they had come to an agreement regarding the participation of political opposition and would begin discussing their next issue, the illicit drug trade.
2394:
During the 1984 peace negotiations, FARC pledged to stop kidnapping and condemned the practice. However, hostage-taking by FARC increased in the years following this declaration. In a 1997 interview, FARC-EP Commander
1453:-brokered deal, a helicopter flew deep into Colombia to pick up both hostages. The women were escorted out of the jungle by armed guerrillas to a clearing where they were picked up by Venezuelan helicopters that bore
7882:
2509:
FARC was accused of committing violations of human rights by numerous groups, including Human Rights Watch, Amnesty International, the United Nations as well as by the Colombian, U.S. and European Union governments.
10220:
1977:
576:, or individually demobilized members, from the FARC between August 2002 and their collective demobilization in 2017, despite potentially severe punishment, including execution, for attempted desertion in the FARC.
4094:
2922:, an area bordering both Colombia and Ecuador. On the first day alone, more than 50 individuals were arrested in the operation, with the majority being Colombian nationals, while four cocaine labs were dismantled.
599:. This accord was seen as an historic step to ending the war that has gone on for fifty years. On 25 August 2016, the Colombian president, Juan Manuel Santos, announced that four years of negotiation had secured a
555:. They are only one actor in a complex conflict where atrocities have been committed by the state, right-wing paramilitaries, and left-wing guerrillas not limited to FARC, such as ELN, M-19, and others. Colombia's
8751:
9446:
1514:, who had tense relations with Chávez, thanked the socialist leader and called for the release of all hostages. He said Colombia was still in a fight "against terrorist actions" but was open to reconciliation.
881:
argues that it was not until the early part of the 1980s that the Colombian government attempted to move away from the counterinsurgency strategy represented by Plan Lazo and Yarborough's 1962 recommendations.
580:
police patrols with home-made mortars, sniper rifles, and explosives, as they were not considered strong enough to engage police units directly. This followed the trend of the 1990s during the strengthening of
1526:
Banner of the February 2008 anti-FARC rallies with slogans in Spanish, English, Dutch, and French. In the French version "contre la torture" and "contre la guerre" mean "against torture" and "against the war"
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9984:
890:
The Colombian government began attacking many of the communist groups in the early 1960s, attempting to re-assimilate the territories under the control of the national government. FARC was formed in 1964 by
8022:
1010:
During this period, the Colombian government continued its negotiations with the FARC–EP and other armed groups, some of which were successful. Some of the groups which demobilized at this time include the
14810:
12216:
2390:
The guerrillas initially targeted the families of drug traffickers, the wealthy upper-class and foreigners but the group later expanded its kidnapping and extortion operations to include the middle-class.
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paranoia, leading the rebels to kill the rest of the Valle deputies. He survived after previously being punished for insubordination and was held in chains nearby but separated from the rest of the group.
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7857:
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2731:– composed of a five-member Secretariat (one of them being the Commander-in-Chief) and two "supplements". Coordinated the activities of the individual blocks, and determined overall strategy of FARC–EP.
2058:
FARC requested Shankar to actively participate in the peace process. He said, "In this conflict, everyone should be considered as victims. And inside every culprit, there is a victim crying for help."
1813:
considered that FARC guerrillas have reacted to a series of successful military blows against them by splitting up their forces into smaller groups and intensifying the offensive use of anti-personnel
2236:
and Colombian Attorney General Néstor Humberto Martínez to jeopardize the peace agreement, incite the FARC to take up arms again, and send a message to the public that the peace agreement had failed.
2624:
Members of indigenous groups have demanded the removal of military bases set up by the Colombian government and guerrilla encampments established by FARC in their territories, claiming that both the
8044:
3201:
966:, more democratic local elections, political decentralization, and ending the domination of Colombian politics by the Liberal and Conservative parties. They also pursued socioeconomic reforms such
1506:. The FARC–EP had called its planned release of the hostages a gesture of recognition for the mediation efforts of Chávez, who had called on the international community to recognize the rebels as
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group in the Americas. According to the Colombian government, FARC–EP had an estimated 6,000–8,000 members in 2008, down from 16,000 in 2001, and lost much of its fighting force since President
2055:, on a three-day-visit to Cuba, had several rounds of discussions with FARC members in an exercise of confidence-building in the peace process, which had many hurdles from the past three years.
2017:
Santos has been far more responsive to threats against social leaders than his predecessors. He has also been decisive in combatting the New Illegal Armed Groups that emerged as a result of the
1030:
The Colombian government argued that the attack was caused by the FARC–EP's lack of commitment to the process, demonstrated by continuing its criminal activities and FARC attacks in November.
9542:
4056:
3762:
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condemning kidnapping and hostage-taking as well as rejecting the threats directed at municipal or judicial officials and their families, arguing that they are civilians who are protected by
13637:– Former combatants in Colombia's internal armed conflict spent two years painting their experiences. They face difficult decisions about what to remember, what to forget and how to forgive.
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and self-government. The indigenous organization also demanded the immediate end of all violence and conflict within indigenous territories and called for a negotiated solution to the war.
1231:
said no deal had been done with Sinn Féin or the IRA over the three's return to Ireland adding that the Irish government would consider any request from the Colombian authorities for their
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6722:
12264:
12033:
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civilians. On 26 February 2012, the FARC announced that they would release their remaining ten political hostages. The hostages were released on 2 April 2012. The president of Colombia,
826:
declared an independent "Republic of Marquetalia". The Lleras government attempted unsuccessfully to attack the communities to drive out the guerrillas, due to fears that "a Cuban-style
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agreement permitted the Liberal and Conservative elites to consolidate their socioeconomic control of Colombian society, and to strengthen the military to suppress political reform and
10979:
9754:
4229:
4199:
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2604:
Female membership of the group is around 30 to 40 percent and while FARC's official policy forbids sexual assault of any kind, female members have experienced rape, sex slavery, and
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and laborers in rural Colombia. In 1957–1958, the political leadership of the Liberal Party and the Conservative Party agreed to establish a bipartisan political system known as the
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8484:
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1952:
6154:
2365:, was sentenced to 12 years in prison for conspiring to provide military-grade weapons to the Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de Colombia (the FARC), in exchange for over a ton of
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nature". In February 1962, three years after the 1959 "US Special Survey Team", a Fort Bragg top-level U.S. Special Warfare team headed by Special Warfare Center commander General
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1293:, and eight soldiers. The FARC had kidnapped Mr. Gaviria and Mr. Echeverri a year earlier, when the two men were leading a march for peace from Medellín to Caicedo in Antioquia.
1220:
They were eventually found guilty of travelling on false passports in June 2004 but were acquitted of training FARC-EP members. That decision was reversed after an appeal by the
13655:
12064:
9719:
8105:
3833:
3296:
2717:
1026:
On 10 August 1990, senior leader Jacobo Arenas, an ideological leader and founder of FARC–EP, died of a heart attack at the Casa Verde compound in Colombia's eastern mountains.
12430:
Many children join up for food or physical protection, to escape domestic violence, or because of promises of money. Some were coerced to join at gunpoint, or join out of fear.
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of certain areas, cessation of paramilitary and government violence against rural peasants, social reforms to reduce poverty and inequality, and the release of all jailed (and
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the local authority. The guerrillas also attempt to keep the peace between peasants and drug traffickers in addition to regulating other aspects of daily life and economics.
1881:
On 26 November 2011, the FARC killed Police Captain Edgar Yesid Duarte Valero, Police Lieutenant Elkin Hernández Rivas, Army Corporal Libio José Martínez Estrada, and Police
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military rescue of Íngrid Betancourt, and the longest held political hostage by the organization. He became the 22nd Colombian political hostage to gain freedom during 2008.
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estimated that FARC's numbers were reduced to around 11,000 from their 18,000 peak but cautioned against considering the group a defeated force. In 2007, FARC–EP Commander
2216:
After the announcement, President Iván Duque authorized the Joint Special Operations Command to start an offensive operation. Government forces conducted a bombing raid in
1863:'part-time fighters' in 2011, consisting of both armed and unarmed civilian supporters making up the rebel militia network, instead of full-time fighters wearing uniforms.
1055:) to the Simón Bolívar Guerrilla Coordinating Board was released denouncing the approach taken by the FARC–EP and the dire consequences that it was having for the country.
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stated that the payment demanded was a tax which many people paid "voluntarily", with kidnapping undertaken because "those who have the resources must pay their share".
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9935:
9454:
9298:
3233:
1544:
11592:
5909:
1689:. With the military tightening the noose, a FARC–EP rebel turned himself in and provided Colombian authorities with Lizcano's exact location in the northwest state of
10302:
2006:
Shortly after lifting the ceasefire, FARC conducted attacks on a coal transport railway, which derailed 17 wagons and forced a suspension of operations and assaulted
1312:
and international humanitarian law, as a result of the 10 July massacre of seven peasants and the subsequent displacement of 80 individuals in San Carlos, Antioquia.
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that would produce great yields of agricultural and animal products for worldwide exportation, while the Colombian government would provide subsidies to large-scale
8012:
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anthropologist María Clemencia Ramírez, the relationship between the guerrillas and the marches was ambivalent: FARC-EP promoted the 1996 protests as part of their
14845:
12124:
10121:
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2706:
in 2006, approximately 10–15% of the recruits were minors, some of whom were forced to join the FARC, while women comprise around 40 percent of the guerilla army.
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process, especially in fighting threats and violence against human rights defenders and social leaders. During Santos' presidency, private security and proclaimed
1759:
Ovalle and Sanchez were kidnapped on 1 November 1998. On 14 June, Police Lieutenant William Donato Gomez was also rescued. He was also kidnapped on 3 August 1998.
1550:
On 20 July 2008, a subsequent set of rallies against FARC included thousands of Colombians in Bogotá and hundreds of thousands throughout the rest of the country.
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questioned by many and condemned by many others, and led the United States to increase pressure on the Pastrana administration to crack down on FARC guerrillas.
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treatment should they fall into the hands of the enemy, many fear it from fellow fighters. Children who fail in their military duties or try to desert can face
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of Cuba also criticized the use of hostage-taking by the guerrillas as "objectively cruel" and suggested that the group free all of its prisoners and hostages.
1156:
After a series of high-profile guerrilla actions, including the hijacking of an aircraft, the attack on several small towns and cities, the arrest of the Irish
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FARC–EP was open to a negotiated solution to the nation's conflict through dialogue with a flexible government that agreed to certain conditions, such as the
2048:
On 16 May 2014, the Colombian government and the FARC rebels agreed to work together against drug trafficking, added to the development of these peace talks.
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8293:
8263:
7928:
6390:
9350:
8233:
8052:
3191:
6914:
6239:
1964:
11276:
10943:
8964:
3318:
3108:
2743:– 5+ fronts, with each block corresponding to one of Colombia's geographical regions: south, central, east, west, Middle Magdalena, Caribbean, and Cesar
14477:
11058:
7014:
6846:
978:. While many members of the UP were involved with the FARC–EP, the large majority of them were not and came from a wide variety of backgrounds such as
14065:
12186:
8642:
7221:
5479:
2685:
1810:
1388:
said the two were released in good health. Military operations in the area and bad weather had prevented the release from occurring one week earlier.
779:
labor wages after the influx of thousands of displaced peasants into the cities. During this period, most rural workers lacked basic medical care and
14875:
12772:
12333:
9328:
7273:
12851:
9532:
9238:
8909:
4155:
2804:) FARC–EP rebels. It said that until these conditions surfaced, the armed revolutionary struggle would remain necessary to fight against Colombia's
1586:
It has been considered the biggest blow against FARC–EP in its more than four decades of existence. This event was quickly followed by the death of
11688:
9088:
8871:
8075:
7130:
7100:
2184:. As part of the peace agreement, these ten seats will remain under control of members from the Common Alternative Revolutionary Force until 2026.
1177:
986:(or "solidarity cells") – small groups of people associated with labor unions, student activist groups, and peasant leagues, who traveled into the
10412:
7746:
6714:
6050:
2914:
On 15 July 2018, the Colombian and Peruvian governments launched a joint military effort known as Operation Armageddon to combat FARC dissidents.
2438:
anti-kidnapping NGO, an estimated total of 6,778 people were kidnapped by FARC between 1997 and 2007. In 2009, the state's anti-kidnapping agency
14626:
14438:
14101:
11521:
11053:
10825:
2640:
1034:
287:
12041:
11397:
7191:
3729:
1271:
In 2002 and 2003, FARC broke up 10 large ranches in Meta, an eastern Colombian province, and distributed the land to local subsistence farmers.
11499:
9421:
8211:
8181:
7794:
2399:
argued that some guerrilla units continued to do so for "political and economic reasons" in spite of the prohibition issued by the leadership.
1933:
and asked him to mediate. Former President Uribe has criticized Santos for seeking peace "at any cost" and rejected the idea of holding talks.
1140:
12561:
9477:
9744:
5733:
4221:
1783:
11365:
10076:
7303:
6483:
4191:
3767:
1168:, who was travelling in Colombian territory. Betancourt was rescued by the Colombian government on 2 July 2008 (see Operation Jaque below).
767:
farms. The AED policy came at the expense of the small-scale family farms that only yielded food supplies for local consumption. Based on a
8476:
8414:
6271:
4281:
https://www.usnews.com/news/world/articles/2024-08-05/colombia-armed-forces-restart-military-operations-against-eln-rebels-defense-minister
2949:
by the governments of Colombia, (since 1997) the United States (until 2021), Canada, Chile, (since 2010) New Zealand, and (until 2016) the
2629:
2248:
that FARC lost 1,500 members in 2020. The number includes deaths, capture, and desertions. He said the FARC still had 2,500 armed members.
1651:, alias Cesar, to believe they were going to take them by helicopter to Alfonso Cano, the guerrillas' supreme leader. The rescued included
13477:
11017:
10242:
7990:
6967:
6003:
5460:
1995:, said the so-called second phase of the peace process will be inaugurated in Oslo on 15 November, after which the delegations will go to
1677:
congressman, was kidnapped 5 August 2000. On Sunday, 26 October 2008, the ex-congressman escaped from FARC–EP rebels. Tulio Lizcano was a
13996:
9170:
7069:
6505:
1915:
Santos announced on 27 August 2012 that the Colombian government has engaged in talks with FARC in order to seek an end to the conflict:
913:
13052:
11890:
10891:
9836:
8514:
5843:
3367:
1410:, a police officer, escaped his captors on 28 April 2007 after nine years in captivity. He was reunited with his family on 15 May 2007.
952:
In 1985, members of the FARC–EP, along with a large number of other leftist and communist groups, formed a political party known as the
14805:
14780:
14578:
13030:
12887:
12777:
9711:
3962:
3288:
13411:
12072:
11333:
11198:
9595:
8115:
6445:
4856:
1962. Although unsuccessful in driving the irregular forces from their stronghold, several army outposts were established in the area.
3793:
14448:
14173:
13652:
10913:
10619:
10572:
10381:
9148:
8544:
8361:
7772:
6776:
4947:
3995:
3699:
3348:
3169:
2458:
However, it was not clear from the FARC statement what would happen to the civilians it still held in captivity. Colombian president
2090:
1149:
granted FARC-EP a 42,000 km (16,200 sq mi) safe haven meant to serve as a confidence building measure, centred on the
1016:
604:
13612:
13066:
11080:
8939:
7531:
3500:
3470:
14785:
13573:
12094:
10041:
9814:
9776:
7827:
7251:
6100:
5763:
3139:
1385:
11623:"International Humanitarian Law and its Application to the Conduct of the FARC-EP. – III. Abductions and Extrajudicial Executions"
9874:
9572:
6692:
4822:
4779:
4030:
14288:
14111:
14080:
13963:
12129:
11811:
10793:
10015:"Colombia: UN Assistant Secretary-General for Human Rights urges effective protection of rights defenders amid continued attacks"
9904:
9028:
3014:
1419:
1212:
During October 2001, a key witness in the case against the three Irish republicans disappeared. This came as Sinn Féin President
607:. The referendum failed with 50.24% voting against. On November 24, 2016, the Colombian government and the FARC signed a revised
11976:
11143:
7561:
7385:
7355:
2535:
was the site of FARC attacks against civilians. FARC has also executed civilians for failing to pay "war taxes" to their group.
14800:
14790:
14704:
10739:
9958:
9654:
8391:
6538:
5461:"The Politics of Recognition and Citizenship in Putumayo and in the Baja Bota of Cauca: The Case of the 1996 cocalero movement"
3929:
2977:
2450:
In 2008, Venezuelan President Hugo Chávez expressed his disagreement with FARC-EP's resorting to kidnappings. Former President
2177:
2173:
1536:
675:
623:
463:
20:
11167:
9685:
9290:
6563:
3223:
1597:
Manuel Marulanda Vélez died on 26 March 2008 after a heart attack. His death would be kept a secret, until Colombian magazine
48:
14467:
14341:
13948:
13624:
13393:
13374:
13324:
13303:
13252:
13214:
13193:
13172:
13153:
13132:
12952:
12813:
12753:
12699:
12518:
12488:
12454:
11603:
11246:
10914:"Transcript of Attorney General's Press Conference Announcing Charges Against 50 Leaders of Narco-Terrorist FARC in Colombia"
10714:
10661:
10543:
10510:
10480:
10448:
10352:
9927:
7723:
7693:
7663:
6944:
6884:
6816:
6336:
6312:
6028:
5887:
5796:
5607:
5583:
5558:
5428:
5218:
5186:
5158:
5126:
5094:
5046:
5019:
4986:
4920:
4877:
4757:
4729:
4689:
4664:
4491:
4458:
4433:
4400:
4367:
4334:
3644:
3619:
3565:
3448:
2785:(Pedro Antonio Marín), also known as "Tirofijo", or Sureshot, in 2008. The "international spokesman" of the organization was
2671:
2344:
560:
556:
371:
5919:
5640:
5236:
The Politics and Ideology of the Colombian Peasant Movement: The Case of ANUC (National Association of Peasant Smallholders)
2558:
The Colombian human rights organization CINEP reported that FARC-EP killed an estimated total of 496 civilians during 2000.
2127:
On 27 June 2017, the FARC ceased to be an armed group, with its forces disarming and handing more than 7,000 weapons to the
14315:
14217:
13745:
10944:"United States charges 50 leaders of Narco-Terrorist FARC in Colombia with supplying more than half of the world's cocaine"
10470:
7575:
5380:
5350:
5319:
5289:
2953:; whereas the governments of Venezuela (Maduro-led government), Brazil, Argentina, Ecuador, and Nicaragua do not. In 2008,
1628:
emphasising the death of their founder would not change their approach towards the captives or the humanitarian agreement.
1583:
provided intelligence that allowed the Colombian military to locate the FARC–EP commander and ordnance used in the attack.
1260:
For most of the period between 2002 and 2005, the FARC-EP was in a strategic withdrawal due to the increasing military and
1074:
and held him captive for 11 months. After his release, Hargrove wrote a book about his ordeal which inspired the 2000 film
990:
discussing social problems, building support for the UP, and determining the sociopolitical stance of the urban peasantry.
11780:
11749:
11562:
8818:
7633:
6358:
5786:
3555:
2628:
and the FARC should respect indigenous autonomy and international humanitarian law. According to a 2012 research from the
2168:
On 20 July 2019, ten former FARC members, including former senior leader Pablo Catatumbo, were sworn in as members of the
630:
still take on FARC's original doctrine and continue with drug trafficking, though far smaller than the group at its peak.
508:
starting in 1964. The FARC-EP was officially founded in 1966 from peasant self-defense groups formed from 1948 during the
14357:
14310:
12907:
10104:
9260:
8664:
7493:
6217:
5973:
2895:
2891:
2305:
2256:
FARC received most of its funding—which was estimated to average some US$ 300 million per year—from taxation of the
1224:
and they were sentenced to 17-year terms. However, they vanished in December 2004 while on bail and returned to Ireland.
418:
309:
12134:
11657:
10500:
10438:
8849:
8607:
7160:
7037:
6652:
14406:
14029:
13943:
11622:
5942:
5813:
3897:"Informe del Centro de Memoria Histórica conocido por Caracol Radio revela historia de las FARC de los últimos 65 años"
3522:
3070:
2577:, the FARC-EP has killed civilians not involved in the conflict through the use of gas cylinder mortars and its use of
2514:
2034:
1773:
1301:
1012:
11298:
10014:
6302:
2969:
followed a middle path by recognizing in 2011 that there is an "armed conflict" in Colombia although his predecessor,
2542:(HRW) announced that the FARC-EP had abducted and executed civilians accused of supporting paramilitary groups in the
14865:
13938:
13687:
13559:
13356:
13343:
13284:
13233:
9621:
7108:
6596:
6177:
5663:
4586:
4553:
4524:
4309:
2890:
FARC dissidents have become "an increasing headache" for the Colombian armed forces, as they have to fight them, the
1181:
1131:
333:
14519:
12648:
11999:
10411:(in Spanish) (179). Toulouse, France: Institut Pluridisciplinaire pour les Études sur l'Amérique Latine à Toulouse.
9418:
Mesa de Conversaciones para la Terminación del Conflicto y la Construcción de una Paz Estable y Duradera en Colombia
5694:
2131:
at a ceremony hosted by the FARC leadership, and the Colombian government, which included the Cabinet and President
713:, there occurred a decade of large-scale political violence throughout Colombia, which was a Conservative – Liberal
14428:
14137:
13740:
11191:"Colombia: Letter for the attention of Mr Manuel Marulanda, Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia – People's Army"
9200:
7951:
3660:
3527:
2809:
982:
and socialist parties such as the PCC. In the cities, the FARC–EP began integrating itself with the UP and forming
13593:
11463:
10771:
9391:
9050:
6105:
572:, said that FARC–EP forces comprised fewer than 10,000 members. The Colombian Ministry of Defense reported 19,504
14860:
14709:
14330:
13989:
12413:
10614:
8446:
7424:
6754:
2301:
2052:
1352:. This demand was rejected by the Colombian government based on previous experience during the 2002 peace talks.
13529:
10857:
10798:
10405:"Las FARC y su relación con la economía de la coca en el sur de Colombia: Testimonios de Colonos y Guerrilleros"
10269:
10148:
9118:
8574:
7920:
6398:
6155:"Colombia.- La esposa del alemán liberado por las FARC revela que pagó varias veces para poner fin al secuestro"
1543:, had expressed their support of the protest through a communique. However, this move was rejected by organiser
14830:
14795:
14750:
14453:
14244:
14127:
13831:
13774:
11115:
10376:
9360:
8241:
7454:
5275:
Poder Capitalista y Violencia Política en Colombia: Terrorismo de estado y genocidio contra la Unión Patriótica
2424:
2409:
2279:
1837:
1481:
On 31 January 2008, the FARC–EP announced that they would release civilian hostages Luis Eladio Perez Bonilla,
120:
75:
10954:
8694:
6906:
6249:
2077:
On 23 June 2016 a ceasefire accord was signed between the FARC Guerilla Army and the Colombian Government, in
1908:, said that this incident was "not enough", and asked the FARC to release the civilian hostages they possess.
1867:
1805:
14835:
14305:
14142:
13735:
12242:
11597:
11392:
11268:
10342:
8972:
7606:
6998:
6212:
3100:
2143:
1559:
768:
6838:
5116:
1252:
751:
During the 1960s, the Colombian government effected a policy of Accelerated Economic Development (AED), the
14825:
13720:
12782:
12304:
12194:
9502:
8634:
7265:
7213:
5487:
4602:
Fernández, Raúl A. (1979). "Imperialist capitalism in the Third World: theory and evidence from Colombia".
2903:
Front are located in the eastern plains of Colombia. John 40 and their dissident 43rd Front moved into the
1674:
1637:
1317:
1221:
693:
216:
13905:
12341:
10858:"#03-14-02: Attorney General Ashcroft announces indictment charging members of FARC with drug trafficking"
9320:
1980:
on 26 September, that Venezuela and Chile were also helping in the discussion along with Cuba and Norway.
1700:
1685:
During his final days in captivity, Lizcano told Santos, they had nothing to eat but wild palm hearts and
1236:
1048:
Before the break off of dialogue, a letter written by a group of Colombian intellectuals (among whom were
14743:
14560:
14531:
13730:
13725:
13715:
10567:
9230:
3009:
2904:
2289:
2151:
1580:
1205:), were arrested in Colombia in August 2001 and were accused of teaching bomb-making methods to FARC–EP.
1052:
581:
11848:
10835:
9080:
8901:
7138:
1999:
to work on the negotiation of the peace accord, which will ultimately lead to a permanent agreement and
1290:
618:
On 27 June 2017, FARC ceased to be an armed group, disarming itself and handing over its weapons to the
14840:
14116:
13982:
13953:
11971:
10980:"Lebanese Man Sentenced to 12 Years in Prison for Conspiring to Provide Material Support to Terrorists"
10404:
8994:
7890:
6058:
2825:
Such ties include shared generational membership and historical struggles dating back to the period of
1821:
1697:
1425:
1361:
954:
13916:
13878:
11063:
6128:
1648:
1400:
14538:
14060:
13584:
11387:
10587:
10149:"Más del 90 por ciento de los ex guerrilleros de las FARC siguen comprometidos con el proceso de paz"
8083:
7804:
7183:
4823:"Guerrillas, Bandits, and Independent Republics: US Counter-insurgency Efforts in Colombia 1959–1965"
4780:"Guerrillas, Bandits, and Independent Republics: US Counter-insurgency Efforts in Colombia 1959–1965"
3721:
2205:
killed since the peace accord was signed. This position was criticized by former FARC supreme leader
2069:
that the peace deal was a result of "painstaking efforts undertaken by a league of Western nations".
1465:
During the period she was held kidnapped in the jungle in 2004, Clara Rojas gave birth to her son by
1261:
1185:
members. The IRA/FARC-EP connection was first made public on 11 August 2001, following the arrest in
807:
728:
710:
13578:
12480:
Colombian Labyrinth: The Synergy of Drugs and Insurgency and Its Implications for Regional Stability
12471:
8588:
5576:
Debating Terrorism and Counterterrorism: Conflicting Perspectives on Causes, Contexts, and Responses
2217:
1736:
1608:
1150:
1146:
892:
823:
14870:
14553:
14222:
13755:
13710:
13541:
13537:
13521:
12569:
3228:
2853:
rule of law by carrying out activities that aim to combat corruption and reduce small-scale crime.
2314:
1983:
Peace talks were formally started on 18 October in a hotel 30 miles north of the Norwegian capital
1824:
claimed that the military offensives carried out under former President Álvaro Uribe and President
1286:
11355:
10087:
7295:
7101:"Colombia dice que no violó soberanía de Ecuador en operativo que llevó a la muerte de Raúl Reyes"
5725:
1503:
717:
that killed more than 200,000 people. In Colombian history and culture, the killings are known as
19:"FARC" redirects here. For the political party formed by former members of this organization, see
14367:
14283:
14168:
14070:
13618:
12912:
12626:
12366:
7333:
6475:
6424:
2931:
2625:
2462:
used Twitter to welcome the move as a "necessary, if insufficient, step in the right direction".
2387:
in Colombia and was responsible for the majority of such kidnappings carried out in the country.
2378:
2293:
between the FARC and the drug traffickers as one "characterized by both cooperation and friction"
2117:
1987:
with a joint-press conference by both delegations. The representatives of the government, led by
1898:
1491:
1454:
1275:
1093:
1049:
827:
608:
600:
376:
254:
13861:
12691:
11529:
11220:
11028:
8424:
7982:
6453:
5258:
2085:. Leaders of several Latin American countries which contributed to the deal, including Cuba and
1304:
publicly condemned the group, given evidence that FARC-EP violated article 17 of the additional
1274:
During the first two years of the Uribe administration, several FARC-EP fronts, most notably in
14499:
14418:
14336:
14163:
11552:"Report of the High Commissioner for Human Rights on the situation of human rights in Colombia"
10535:
5464:
5410:
4912:
4578:
2981:
2946:
2939:
2935:
2350:
indicted leaders of the FARC after an 18-month investigation into their narcotics trafficking.
2337:
1912:
Authorities identified the freed men as Tang Guofu, Zhao Hongwei, Jian Mingfu, and Jiang Shan.
1833:
to more remote and sparsely populated regions, often close to territorial or internal borders.
1782:
began his term with a suspected FARC bomb-blast in Bogotá. This followed the resolution of the
1660:
1345:
1020:
941:
began discussing the possibility of peace talks with the guerrillas. This resulted in the 1984
802:
Communists were active throughout rural and urban Colombia in the period immediately following
395:
11952:
11875:
10706:
10679:
The Politics of Organized Crime and the Organized Crime of Politics: a study in criminal power
6513:
5148:
5036:
5011:
4978:
4425:
4359:
3416:"As Colombia peace accord unravels, ex-FARC leaders take up arms, announce return to conflict"
1690:
1670:
14085:
13763:
13680:
12715:
12508:
11085:
10884:
10653:
9141:"UN General Assembly General Debate of the 67th Session – Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of)"
6301:
Betancourt, Ingrid; Delloye-Betancourt, Lorenzo; Delloye-Betancourt, Melanie (1 March 2011).
5854:
5550:
5208:
5086:
4516:
4483:
4392:
3019:
2723:, former FARC Commander-in-Chief, was killed by Colombian military forces on 4 November 2011.
2551:
2431:
2416:
2206:
1968:
1612:
1424:
On 28 June 2007, the FARC–EP reported the death of 11 out of 12 provincial deputies from the
963:
896:
850:
843:
783:
was almost universal, which increased the rates of preventable disease and infant mortality.
588:
551:, and taxation of various forms of economic activity, and the production and distribution of
321:
249:
65:
14091:
13100:
12927:
12679:
11190:
10527:
5003:
4970:
4720:
Gomez, Alberto (1972). "Perspectives of the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC)".
4417:
2832:
2369:. Yousef pleaded guilty in May 2012 to one count of providing material support to the FARC.
2100:
On 2 October 2016 Colombians voted and rejected the peace deal with FARC by 50.2% to 49.8%.
2011:
1744:
1740:
14227:
14075:
14055:
13958:
13855:
13267:
11325:
10921:
9749:
9140:
4939:
3261:
3024:
2954:
2532:
2228:
A Truth Commission report released in 2022 shows that the drug trafficking charges against
2169:
1988:
1751:
1279:
873:
797:
683:
612:
498:
408:
229:
14472:
12395:
11437:
10371:
10270:"Colombia's illegal armed groups lost more than 5,000 members in 2020 -military commander"
8931:
8536:
7764:
7523:
6786:
4301:
3987:
3691:
3492:
3256:
3161:
2821:
in urban areas, forcing them to relocate to remote areas in the jungle and the mountains.
1794:
1652:
1446:
1321:
1165:
1064:
8:
14738:
14543:
14202:
13899:
13412:"Why Rebels Stop Fighting: Organizational Decline and Desertion in Colombia's Insurgency"
11090:
10606:
10559:
8234:"Reconocer el conflicto no cambia estatus de las FARC – Noticias de Justicia en Colombia"
6363:
5851:
Oficina En Colombia Del Alto Comisionado De Las Naciones Unidas Para Los Derechos Humanos
4940:"Las Redes de Asesinos de Colombia: La asociación militar-paramilitares y Estados Unidos"
3794:"Why Rebels Stop Fighting: Organizational Decline and Desertion in Colombia's Insurgency"
3466:
3420:
2844:
2840:
2749:– 1+ columns. Within each front, there were combat, support, and infrastructure elements.
2097:
leaders can avoid prosecution by acts of reparation to victims and other community work.
1798:
1325:
1106:
movement brought proposals on behalf of the coca growers and defended its own interests.
830:
might develop". After the failed attacks, several army outposts were set up in the area.
14158:
13867:
9866:
9806:
9564:
6682:
5755:
4252:"The rise of FARC dissidents: Continuation of the Colombian Crisis post-2016 Peace Deal"
4020:
3131:
2942:
2690:
2500:
759:, a Canadian-born U.S. economist who owned ranching land in Colombia. The plan promoted
14573:
14266:
14132:
14121:
14005:
13843:
13779:
13648:
Human Rights Watch – Humanitarian Law and its Application to the Conduct of the FARC-EP
13464:
12870:"Un ataque perpetrado por disidentes de las FARC dejó a 6 policías heridos en Colombia"
12834:"Más allá de 'Guacho': las disidencias siguen siendo un blanco difícil para las FF. AA"
11967:"Indígenas colombianos exigen al Ejército y a las FARC desmontar sus "bases militares""
11627:
11138:
11022:
10243:"La DEA, la Fiscalía y un coronel entramparon el proceso de paz | Cambio Colombia"
9537:
9051:"Text of deal between Colombia's government and rebel group FARC to end armed conflict"
5518:
5251:
4905:
4842:
4799:
4619:
4571:
4542:
3376:
2966:
2703:
2652:
2584:
2574:
2539:
2459:
2257:
2181:
2132:
2109:
1905:
1825:
1801:
in southern Colombia killed some fifty policemen and soldiers in hit-and-run assaults.
1779:
1604:
1407:
1337:
1297:
1161:
938:
653:
592:
569:
505:
264:
105:
85:
14106:
10803:
9896:
4222:"Colombia extends cease-fire with FARC splinter group in bid to reduce rural violence"
3596:
2528:
2493:
1939:
reported that FARC and the Colombian government had signed a preliminary agreement in
1720:
14254:
14178:
13889:
13769:
13443:
13389:
13370:
13339:
13320:
13299:
13280:
13248:
13229:
13210:
13204:
13189:
13183:
13168:
13149:
13143:
13128:
12809:
12749:
12695:
12680:
12514:
12484:
12478:
12450:
12236:
11940:
11863:
11133:
10710:
10699:
10657:
10646:
10539:
10528:
10506:
10476:
10444:
10348:
10113:
9533:"Sri Sri Ravi Shankar convinces guerrilla movement FARC to adopt Gandhian principles"
7393:
7363:
7006:
6308:
5914:
5792:
5579:
5554:
5543:
5214:
5182:
5154:
5122:
5090:
5079:
5042:
5015:
5004:
4982:
4971:
4916:
4873:
4753:
4725:
4685:
4660:
4623:
4582:
4549:
4520:
4509:
4487:
4476:
4454:
4429:
4418:
4396:
4385:
4363:
4352:
4330:
4305:
4163:
3878:
3825:
3640:
3615:
3561:
3045:
2962:
2945:
forces is disputed by some organizations. As such, the FARC has been classified as a
2919:
2878:
2481:
A 12 August 2010 terrorist attack by the FARC with a car bomb at the headquarters of
2475:
2197:
1992:
1728:
was released on 3 February and López (kidnapped in 2002) was released on 5 February.
1715:
On 21 December 2008, The FARC–EP announced that they would release civilian hostages
1540:
1309:
838:
501:
269:
70:
13974:
13884:
13819:
11494:
8110:
5522:
2404:
2229:
2222:
2065:
On 8 July 2015, FARC announced a unilateral ceasefire, which began on 20 July 2015.
1724:
1547:, who stated that such an endorsement was harmful and criticised the AUC's actions.
1373:
853:, Yarborough encouraged the creation and deployment of a US-backed force to commit "
14680:
14509:
14482:
13807:
13673:
13455:
Petras, James (30 December 2000 – 5 January 2001). "Geopolitics of Plan Colombia".
13433:
13423:
10153:
5879:
5510:
4834:
4791:
4611:
3868:
3815:
3805:
3592:
2797:
2782:
2648:
2420:
2270:
even local farmers, often lumped in with or defined by its opponents as extortion.
2245:
1859:
1329:
1097:
995:
740:
525:
521:
95:
14733:
14514:
14096:
13363:
Toledo, Rebeca; Gutierrez, Teresa; Flounders, Sara; McInerney, Andy, eds. (2003).
12278:
11238:
7715:
7685:
7655:
6936:
6876:
6808:
6626:
6328:
6080:
Marx, Gary (31 December 2004). "Colombia extradites top rebel commander to U.S.".
6020:
5599:
5501:
Labrousse, Alain (Winter 2005). "The FARC and the Taliban's Connection to Drugs".
5439:
5429:"Carta de los intelectuales colombianos a la Coordinadora Guerrilla Simón Bolívar"
3319:"Comandantes de Fuerza presentaron resultados operacionales de los últimos 2 años"
2543:
2176:
political party. Five of these ten ex FARC rebels were sworn in as members of the
1978:
General debate of the sixty-seventh session of the United Nations General Assembly
14487:
14377:
14152:
14147:
13933:
13894:
13784:
13659:
13597:
13364:
12592:
10081:
9596:"FARC rebels announce unilateral truce in attempt to rescue Colombia peace talks"
8331:
8301:
8271:
8174:"FARC tienen menos integrantes y están debilitadas, dice jefe militar colombiano"
7386:"Politician Ingrid Betancourt, 3 American Hostages Rescued From Colombian Rebels"
5635:
4294:
3583:
3001:
2886:
2605:
2567:
2318:
2210:
1855:
1644:
1071:
975:
971:
760:
756:
627:
468:
141:
80:
13125:
Revolutionary Social Change in Colombia: The Origin and Direction of the FARC-EP
12447:
Revolutionary Social Change in Colombia: The Origin and Direction of the FARC–EP
11658:"More FARC Killings with Gas Cylinder Bombs: Atrocities Target Indigenous Group"
11054:"Colombia: Kidnapping and Extortion by Armed Groups in Urban and Suburban Areas"
8507:"Un policia muria en combate con las FARC en Cauca, tras muerte de Alfonso Cano"
7625:
7583:
5179:
Revolutionary Social Change in Colombia: The Origin and Direction of the FARC-EP
4750:
Revolutionary Social Change in Colombia: The Origin and Direction of the FARC-EP
4682:
Revolutionary Social Change in Colombia: The Origin and Direction of the FARC-EP
4657:
Revolutionary Social Change in Colombia: The Origin and Direction of the FARC-EP
2970:
2681:
2105:
1787:
1511:
1459:
1265:
626:, in accordance with the terms of the peace deal. However, about 2,000 to 2,500
487:
Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de Colombia – Ejército del Pueblo
14690:
14641:
14621:
14548:
14492:
14261:
13911:
13873:
13849:
13438:
12007:
9655:"Colombia and FARC rebels sign historic ceasefire deal to end 50-year conflict"
8013:"Santos revela que unos 460 militares y policías han muerto en combate en 2010"
6781:
5514:
4615:
3930:"Colombia and FARC rebels sign historic ceasefire deal to end 50-year conflict"
3873:
3856:
3820:
3349:"Negociación y desmovilización con grupos armados (M-19, Epl, Prt, Maql y Crs)"
2950:
2899:
2836:
2710:
2637:
2329:
2128:
1976:
that peace was possible if there was "goodwill" on both sides. Santos told the
1664:
1656:
1587:
1482:
1202:
1157:
1145:
With the hope of negotiating a peace settlement, on 7 November 1998, President
1135:
FARC guerrillas marching in formation during the Caguan peace talks (1998–2002)
764:
619:
544:
115:
12618:
9171:"Colombia govt, rebels begin 'serious, dignified and efficient' peace process"
7325:
6300:
4838:
4795:
4156:"Former FARC commanders say they are returning to war despite 2016 peace deal"
2957:
2873:
1930:
1929:
reported that the initiative began after Santos met with Venezuelan President
1750:
On 16 April 2009, the FARC-EP announced that they would release Army Corporal
1486:
14775:
14769:
14685:
14654:
14212:
14207:
13813:
13447:
13314:
13165:
The Profits of Extermination: How U.S. Corporate Power is Destroying Colombia
10215:
10117:
9447:"Cristo propuso Plan Colombia II para postconflicto y reparación de víctimas"
8146:
8017:
7010:
6968:"Ecuador officially condemns Santos and Sanin stance on cross-border attacks"
5038:
Latin America, its problems and its promise: a multidisciplinary introduction
4167:
3901:
3882:
3829:
3581:
Radu, Michael (2002). "Terrorism After the Cold War: Trends and Challenges".
3380:
3196:
2793:
on 1 March 2008. Cano was killed in a military operation on 4 November 2011.
2482:
2347:
1190:
1085:
1076:
834:
702:
657:
552:
433:
428:
244:
100:
13825:
13619:
The Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC) and the Illicit Drug Trade
13615:– by Paul Wolf (collection of declassified U.S. government documents online)
12534:
10732:"FARC guerrilla #1: Simón Trinidad, FARC Spokesman at the Negotiating Table"
9747:[De la Calle and Márquez announced from Cuba new negotiation text].
5950:
3532:
3078:
2786:
2696:
2361:
On 11 October 2012 Jamal Yousef, a.k.a. "Talal Hassan Ghantou", a native of
1625:
1568:
110:
14249:
14050:
13837:
13789:
12619:"El Baile Rojo - La historia sobre el genocidio contra la Union Patriotica"
12157:"Colombia: Statement Concerning Release of Two Indigenous Hostages By FARC"
11922:"Colombia investigates forced abortions for female fighters in rebel ranks"
11306:
10211:"Sube a 12 la cifra de disidentes muertos en operación militar en Colombia"
7858:"Colombianas FARC resisten con nueva estrategia tras duros golpes sufridos"
7447:"Despejando las mentiras acerca de la fuga de los 15 prisioneros de guerra"
6368:
3934:
2827:
2778:
2720:
2636:. During the year 2011, fifty-six indigenous people have been killed." The
2451:
2396:
2018:
1874:
1620:
1507:
979:
967:
854:
780:
752:
719:
671:
509:
90:
10303:"FARC rebel group in peace talks: Is Colombia's 50-year war about to end?"
9686:"Rural Colombians hope 'pretty promises' can bring peace back to paradise"
6744:
6604:
6004:"CUADERNOS DEL CONFLICTO PEACE INITIATIVES AND COLOMBIA ́S ARMED CONFLICT"
2192:
1194:
14183:
13647:
13428:
13206:
More Terrible than Death: Massacres, Drugs, and America's War in Colombia
11419:
10766:
10762:"'Fernandinho Beira-Mar', un temible capo aliado de Hernández Norambuena"
8608:"Colombian FARC rebels release hostages after decade of jungle captivity"
6244:
3963:"FARC peace deal: rebels and Colombian government sign accord to end war"
3810:
3289:"Colombia army claims guerrillas have lost 5000 fighters in past 2 years"
2555:
physical, and mental well-being of persons, torture, and ill-treatment".
2384:
2225:
of assisting FARC and providing a safe haven for militants in Venezuela.
1723:, three low-ranking police officers and a low-ranking soldier to Senator
1704:
1474:
1442:
1377:
1349:
1305:
1232:
1228:
1213:
1070:
On 23 September 1994, the FARC kidnapped American agricultural scientist
878:
803:
774:
517:
12257:"Asamblea permanente por la Defensa de la Vida y el Control Territorial"
10181:"Las fuerzas colombianas matan a nueve presuntos disidentes de las FARC"
9928:"FARC demobilization ends: 8,100 arms and 22000kg of explosives removed"
9745:"De la Calle y Márquez anunciaron desde Cuba nuevo texto de negociación"
8106:"Acciones de las FARC no son por debilitamiento de estrategia de Santos"
7446:
5210:
Inside insurgency: violence, civilians, and revolutionary group behavior
1225:
974:
of foreign businesses, Colombian banks, and transportation, and greater
14723:
13590:
13468:
13245:
Killing Peace: Colombia's Conflict and the Failure of U.S. Intervention
12892:
12656:
10830:
8045:"Alertan que más de 330 municipios tienen fuerte presencia de las FARC"
7576:"Las FARC anuncian la liberación de seis, pero secuestran a otros diez"
4327:
Systems of Violence: the political economy of war and peace in Colombia
2014:, killing at least seven government soldiers and injuring five others.
1892:
1842:
1686:
1100:, which led to tensions and negotiations with peasant leaders, but the
946:
735:
14397:
14373:
12187:"Observatorio de Derechos Humanos y Derecho Internacional Humanitario"
11617:
11615:
11613:
9110:
8722:"FARC Release Hostages, Though Hundreds of Civilians Remain Kidnapped"
8665:"FARC announces intention to release all hostages, abandon kidnapping"
8384:"Atentados de las FARC en el Valle – Noticias de Justicia en Colombia"
8204:"Fuerzas Militares tienen identificados a 1410 milicianos de Las FARC"
7828:"Death of Mono Jojoy forces FARC to carry out different strategy: NGO"
5253:
Our Guerrillas, Our Sidewalks: a journey into the violence of Colombia
4451:
Global Capitalism, Democracy, and Civil-Military Relations in Colombia
2789:, who was killed in a Colombian army raid against a guerrilla camp in
2116:
The Colombian government and the FARC on 24 November signed a revised
1743:, was discovered, a day after he had been kidnapped from his house in
1619:
on 25 May 2008. "Timochenko" announced the new commander in chief was
1002:
in 1990—and 100% of those from center-left parties—were assassinated.
446:
12997:"EU suspends FARC from terrorist list to support Colombia peace deal"
12687:
11812:"FARC's female guerrillas submitted to sexual slavery: Police report"
9201:"Colombia expects Venezuelan help for FARC talks even if Chavez dies"
7883:"The Day After Tomorrow: Colombia's FARC and the End of the Conflict"
2908:
2801:
2677:
2578:
2086:
2000:
1959:
1882:
1830:
1814:
1716:
1495:
1466:
1450:
1392:
purposes. His wife had paid multiple ransom payments with no result.
869:
862:
815:
714:
573:
548:
529:
353:
234:
224:
182:
14811:
Organizations formerly designated as terrorist by the European Union
14424:
13603:
13082:"Female Colombian snipers 'fighting to defend Col Gaddafi in Libya'"
11490:"La guerrilla colombiana dice que dejará de tener rehenes políticos"
8294:"Asesinan a dos candidatos a la alcaldía de Campamento en Antioquia"
7417:"Brilliant or a sham? Questions asked over Ingrid Betancourt rescue"
4087:"After decades of war, Colombia's FARC rebels debut political party"
2831:. These areas have traditionally been located in the departments of
1239:
did not rule out allowing them to serve their sentences in Ireland.
1186:
772:
their numbers amounted to 400,000 throughout Colombia. By 1970, the
171:
Concentrated in north-western, south-western, southern, and eastern
14728:
14594:
14434:
13540:
external links, and converting useful links where appropriate into
13053:"Gaddafi Death Leaves Open Rumors of Alliance with Colombia's FARC"
12908:"Dos policías muertos en ataque donde opera disidencia de las FARC"
11610:
9111:"UN General Assembly General Debate of the 67th Session – Colombia"
7478:
6777:"Organizadores de la marcha rechazan el apoyo de Salvatore Mancuso"
6749:
5271:
For a wide-ranging survey of the violence against the UP, see also
4722:
National Liberation Fronts 1960/1970: Essays, documents, interviews
4057:"Colombia's congress approves historic peace deal with FARC rebels"
4025:
2849:
2633:
1696:
Soon after the liberation of this prominent political hostage, the
1102:
1081:
1042:
958:("Patriotic Union", UP). The UP sought political reforms (known as
858:
706:
390:
204:
199:
Sporadic presence in other Latin American countries, predominantly
172:
14444:
14363:
11134:"War Without Quarter: Colombia and International Humanitarian Law"
9163:
8567:"Así fue la operación Júpiter donde murieron los cuatro militares"
5238:. UN Research Institute for Social Development/CINEP. p. 129.
2550:
According to HRW, those extrajudicial executions would qualify as
1553:
1178:
U.S. House of Representatives Committee on International Relations
734:
The pact was ratified as a constitutional amendment by a national
14608:
13362:
13277:
Democracy in Colombia: Clientelist Politics and Guerrilla Warfare
13023:"Tormenta política ante posible declaratoria de conflicto armado"
12309:
12223:. 19 November 2011. Archived from the original on 26 January 2013
11360:
10472:
Vanguard revolutionaries in Latin America: Peru, Colombia, Mexico
9839:[Five keys to understand the new agreement from Havana].
9626:
7799:
7356:"Chavez Calls on Colombian Rebels to End Struggle, Free Hostages"
6687:
5664:"Adams Delays Testifying in U.S. About I.R.A. Action in Colombia"
5064:
Democracy in Colombia: Clientelist Politics and Guerrilla Warfare
4124:
4120:"Peru arrests more than 50 in anti-drug bust at Colombian border"
3523:"Terrorist Groups: Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC)"
3101:"FARC have 'drug trafficking networks' in Brazil – Colombia news"
2790:
2609:
2366:
2362:
2200:, who called for renewed actions against the Colombian government
1935:
1678:
1616:
1499:
1201:. Jim Monaghan, Martin McCauley and Niall Connolly (known as the
1111:
1038:
724:
564:
1970 and 2010, the Guerillas were responsible for 90.6% of them.
513:
208:
194:
39:
Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de Colombia – Ejército del Pueblo
12888:"Policía murió en ataque atribuido a disidencia de FARC en Meta"
10648:
Colombia and the United States: war, unrest, and destabilization
9043:
5545:
Colombia and the United States: war, unrest, and destabilization
5480:"El movimiento de campesinos cocaleros del Putumayo en Colombia"
2570:
made from gas canisters (or cylinders), when launching attacks.
1636:
On 11 January 2008 during the annual State of the Nation in the
1564:
1285:
On 5 May 2003, the FARC assassinated the governor of Antioquia,
1060:
676:
History of Colombia § The National Front regime (1958–1974)
559:, a government agency, has estimated that between 1981 and 2012
14667:
14504:
14414:
13621:, Ricardo Vargas Meza, Transnational Institute (TNI), June 1999
10502:
Drugs and Democracy in Latin America: The Impact of U.S. Policy
10077:"FARC members take seats in Colombia's congress for first time"
9355:
8839:
5943:"Prisoner Release Represents FARC's First Political Concession"
2078:
1940:
1599:
1473:
tests later confirmed the boy, who had been living in a Bogotá
596:
540:
536:
403:
200:
190:
186:
14353:
13067:"Colombian president claims Gaddafi supported FARC with money"
11320:
11318:
11316:
9867:"Colombia's FARC rebels complete move to demobilisation zones"
9807:"Colombia peace deal: Government and FARC reach new agreement"
6564:"One Million Voices Against the FARC: A Milestone for Freedom"
2716:
2383:
The FARC-EP carried out both ransom and politically motivated
1943:
the same day. The first round of the talks will take place in
1005:
907:
902:
822:
In 1961, a guerrilla leader and long-time PCC organizer named
11842:
10019:
5788:
Crude interventions: the US, oil and the new world (dis)order
4639:
The Rape of the Peasantry: Latin America's Landholding System
3857:"Las guerrillas marxistas y la pena de muerte a combatientes"
2911:
has served as the primary location for many FARC dissidents.
2805:
2007:
14821:
Organizations based in South America designated as terrorist
14816:
Organizations based in Latin America designated as terrorist
13653:
UN High Commissioner for Human Rights – Colombia 2005 Report
13635:
Who are the victims? – The aftermath of violence in Colombia
12217:"FARC Accused of Killing Columbian Indigenous Tribe Leaders"
12125:"Mining Firm Agrees to Pay Compensation to Peruvian Farmers"
11059:
United States Bureau of Citizenship and Immigration Services
7952:"Santos congratulates armed forces on death of 'Mono Jojoy'"
7153:"Guerrillero cuenta porqué mató y cortó la mano a jefe FARC"
2684:
took office in 2002. Political analyst and former guerrilla
2561:
1643:
On 2 July 2008, under a Colombian military operation called
1356:
in exchange for 50 guerrillas imprisoned by the government.
11313:
11048:
11046:
9777:"'Se logró un nuevo acuerdo que ahora es de todos': Santos"
9712:""No" wins plebiscite: Colombians reject FARC peace accord"
8589:"Clamor en Colombia contra los 'rescates a sangre y fuego'"
8419:
8324:"Las FARC amenazan a la senadora antioqueña Liliana Rendón"
6304:
Letters to My Mother: A Message of Love, A Plea for Freedom
2915:
2737:– 25 members, who also coordinated the activities of blocks
2592:
2082:
2045:
Plan Colombia towards supporting a post-conflict Colombia.
1996:
1984:
1944:
1655:(former presidential candidate), U.S. military contractors
1522:
1198:
239:
178:
14856:
Organizations designated as terrorist by the United States
13665:
13264:
The Fall of Dumar Aljure, a Colombian Guerrilla and Bandit
13145:
The Making of Modern Colombia, A Nation in Spite of Itself
11261:
9897:"Colombia takes big step to peace as rebels lay down guns"
9837:"Cinco claves para entender el nuevo acuerdo de La Habana"
7607:"Colombian FARC rebels release last known foreign hostage"
5202:
5200:
5198:
5153:. Northeastern University Press (UPNE). pp. 153–154.
926:
587:
In June 2016, the FARC signed a ceasefire accord with the
13185:
Walking Ghosts: Murder and Guerrilla Politics in Colombia
12367:""You'll Learn Not To Cry": Child Combatants in Colombia"
11593:"Colombia, One-Sided violence, FARC-Civilians, 1994–2010"
11011:
11009:
11007:
11005:
10701:
Beyond Bogotá: Diary of a Drug War Journalist in Colombia
9414:"Comunicado Conjunto. La Habana, 06 de Noviembre de 2013"
9021:"Puntos del acuerdo de negociación entre Gobierno y FARC"
8477:"Colombian Rebels Still Dangerous Despite Leader's Death"
8415:"Colombia's Guerrillas: The Rebellion That Would Not Die"
7476:
Hirsh, Michael (21 July 2008). "A Smarter Way To Fight".
5290:"Veteran Colombian Guerrilla Leader Dies of Heart Attack"
5081:
Walking Ghosts: Murder and Guerrilla Politics in Colombia
4296:
The Motorcycle Diaries: Notes on a Latin American Journey
2699:
claimed that their force consisted of 18,000 guerrillas.
2233:
1470:
1256:
FARC commanders during the Caguan peace talks (1998-2002)
11844:"Abortions forced on Colombia's female rebels"
11043:
10464:
10462:
10460:
10336:
10334:
10332:
10330:
10328:
9503:"Colombian government, rebels move closer to peace deal"
8537:"Colombia FARC rebels kill four hostages as one escapes"
5695:"Arrested IRA man is Sinn Féin's fixer in Latin America"
3692:"Gold overtakes drugs as source of Colombia rebel funds"
1340:
negotiations, a small humanitarian exchange took place.
743:
proposing alternative forms of government for Colombia.
723:(The Violence, 1948–58); most of the people killed were
528:, in addition to more unconventional methods, including
12739:
12737:
12535:"Top FARC rebel leader Alfonso Cano killed in Colombia"
12095:"Atentados ratifican conflicto en Colombia (activista)"
12027:
12025:
11380:
11356:"Hugo Chávez tells Colombian rebels to stop kidnapping"
11183:
11075:
11073:
9959:"UN removes last container holding Colombia rebel arms"
7524:"Captor helps hostage in Colombia escape after 8 years"
7296:"Hugo Chavez tells Colombian rebels to stop kidnapping"
5195:
4724:. New York: William Morrow & Company. p. 248.
3661:"Colombia army raids illegal mines funding FARC rebels"
3257:"Desmovilización, principal arma contra las guerrillas"
2317:
production. On its own, the group had also implemented
2180:, while the other five were sworn in as members of the
1925:
would be extradited to stand trial in another country.
1603:
published an interview with Colombian defence minister
1441:
On 10 January 2008, former vice presidential candidate
1282:, were broken by the government's military operations.
622:. One month later, FARC announced its reformation as a
12797:
11464:"Colombian rebel group says it will free all captives"
11002:
10505:. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner Publishers. p. 103.
8932:"Colombia agrees to hold peace talks with FARC rebels"
5142:
5140:
5138:
4713:
4707:
The Political, Economic, and Labor Climate in Colombia
4343:
1790:'s allegations of active Venezuelan support for FARC.
1485:, and Orlando Beltran Cuellar to Venezuelan President
662:
483:
Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia – People's Army
31:
Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia – People's Army
14004:
12852:"Disidencias de las FARC contarían con 1.200 hombres"
12671:
12396:"Con la guerrilla de las FARC, a la espera de la paz"
11213:
10692:
10690:
10688:
10457:
10432:
10430:
10325:
10297:
10295:
9653:
Brodzinsky, Sibylla; Watts, Jonathan (23 June 2016).
8842:"Colombian government seeking peace with FARC rebels"
8833:
8808:
7656:"Kidnapped Colombian governor found with throat slit"
7554:"FARC Is a 'Paper Tiger' After Offensive, Desertions"
7244:"Comandante Manuel Marulanda Vélez: ¡Juramos vencer!"
6591:
6589:
5974:"Valle del Cauca: A War too Far for the Gaitanistas?"
5320:"Colombian Army Captures Houses of Guerrilla Leaders"
5172:
5170:
5150:
Voting amid violence: electoral democracy in Colombia
5028:
4318:
3861:
Anuario Colombiano de Historia Social y de la Cultura
2615:
2244:
General Luis Fernando Navarro asserted on January 5,
2072:
1607:
on 24 May 2008 in which Santos mentions the death of
1535:
Shortly before the rallies took place 13 demobilised
1449:
were freed after nearly six years in captivity. In a
648:
History of the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia
14851:
Organisations designated as terrorist by New Zealand
12734:
12502:
12500:
12325:
12297:
12022:
11689:"Report Cites Rebels' Wide Use of Mines in Colombia"
11326:"How many hostages? More than the government claims"
11231:
11126:
11070:
10826:"Polícia investiga relação de Beira-Mar com as FARC"
10794:"Un capo narco reveló lazos con poderosos de Brasil"
10344:
Inside rebellion: the politics of insurgent violence
8840:
Murphy, Helen; Acosta, Luis James (27 August 2012).
7716:"Colombia FARC rebels release hostage Pablo Moncayo"
6683:"Colombians take to streets in huge anti-FARC march"
5578:. Thousand Oaks, California: CQ Press. p. 237.
5536:
5534:
5532:
5454:
5452:
5070:
4192:"9 Colombian FARC dissidents killed in bombing raid"
4050:
4048:
3988:"Colombia referendum: Voters reject FARC peace deal"
3928:
Brodinsky, Sybilla; Watts, Jonathan (23 June 2016).
3192:"Colombia's peace talks: To the edge and back again"
2991:
1893:
2012–2015: Peace talks and end of the armed conflict
1413:
872:
in 1962 and called for both military operations and
868:
The new counter-insurgency policy was instituted as
14112:
Valle del Cauca Deputies hostage crisis (2002–2009)
13163:Chomsky, Aviva; Cuellar, Francisco Ramírez (2005).
12562:"FARC repeats demand for hostage-prisoner exchange"
11291:
10607:"Insurgent Involvement in the Colombian Drug Trade"
10601:
10599:
10597:
10494:
10492:
9441:
9439:
9013:
7877:
7875:
7747:"Colombia rescues police held for 12 years by FARC"
7626:"Colombian rebels say killed governor, blame Uribe"
7266:"Chavez Calls FARC a 'Real Army' Worthy of Respect"
6645:
6531:"Oscar Morales and One Million Voices Against FARC"
6359:"Colombia: Ex-Hostage Says FARC Killed 11 Captives"
6073:
5477:
5135:
5110:
5108:
5106:
4861:
3547:
2427:as long as they do not participate in hostilities.
2336:After 21 April 2001 capture of Brazilian drug lord
2163:
2051:On 28 June 2015, humanitarian and spiritual leader
791:
746:
13574:Overview of Colombian-FARC Peace Process (English)
13334:Schmid, Alex Peter; Crelinsten, Ronald D. (1993).
13080:
12117:
12034:"Indigenous groups demand army, FARC remove bases"
11456:
11166:
11110:
11108:
10698:
10685:
10645:
10637:
10427:
10292:
10105:"FARC leader announces return to war for Colombia"
10103:
10086:
7795:"Colombian rebel attacks intensify, dozens killed"
7326:"Hugo Chavez en la Cumbre del Grupo Río 4ta parte"
7068:
6999:"Ecuador: Report Says U.S. Aided Attack on Rebels"
6586:
6558:
6556:
6440:
6438:
6383:
5542:
5257:(2nd ed.). Rowman & Littlefield. p.
5250:
5167:
5078:
4904:
4698:
4570:
4541:
4508:
4475:
4384:
4351:
4293:
4055:Partlow, Joshua; Miroff, Nick (30 November 2016).
3414:Baddour, Dylan; Faiola, Anthony (29 August 2019).
2187:
1703:called Latin America's biggest guerrilla group a "
1117:
923:" or "People's Army", to the organization's name.
13524:may not follow Knowledge's policies or guidelines
12827:
12825:
12497:
12440:
12438:
12361:
12359:
11841:Foundation, Thomson Reuters (26 September 2013),
11388:"FARC extortion rackets in Venezuela, say locals"
8752:"4 Chinese oil workers freed by Colombian rebels"
8354:"Hallan caleta con 213 minas de las FARC en Cali"
7494:"Over 300 Guerrillas surrendered weapons in July"
6715:"Worldwide protests against Colombian kidnapping"
6525:
6523:
6423:Montagne, Renee; Forero, Juan (11 January 2008).
6248:. Associated Press. 30 March 2009. Archived from
6240:"Colombian rebels to turn over officer's remains"
5720:
5718:
5716:
5529:
5449:
5438:(in Spanish) (125). May–June 1993. Archived from
5351:"Colombia Presses Drive on Rebels, Smashing Base"
4743:
4741:
4650:
4648:
4045:
1289:, his advisor for peace, former defence minister
1180:published the findings of its investigation into
605:national referendum would take place on 2 October
14767:
13585:Official website of the peace delegation of FARC
13333:
11412:
11168:"Colombia Factfile: Kidnap capital of the world"
10676:
10594:
10519:
10489:
10071:
10069:
10067:
9565:"Colombia FARC rebels call unilateral ceasefire"
9436:
8864:
8264:"Acción propagandística de las FARC en Medellín"
8135:
8133:
7872:
7070:"Phone led US experts to FARC leader Raul Reyes"
7067:Lowther, Bill; Sherwell, Philip (9 March 2008).
6351:
5844:"FARC-EP violan el DIH en San Carlos, Antioquia"
5103:
4907:Rogue States: The Rule of Force in World Affairs
4673:
4573:Revolution Next Door: Latin America in the 1970s
4442:
4329:. Albany, New York: SUNY Press. pp. 23–28.
2513:A February 2005 report from the United Nations'
1793:In early September 2010, FARC-EP attacks in the
1767:
1762:
1372:The FARC–EP also mention in the communique that
865:activities against known communist proponents".
14846:Organizations designated as terrorist by Canada
13312:
13247:. Information Network of the Americas (INOTA).
12553:
11158:
11105:
10499:Youngers, Coletta; Rosin, Eileen, eds. (2005).
10042:"Ex-FARC rebels sworn into Colombia's Congress"
9652:
7983:"FARC calls for peace after 'Mono Jojoy' death"
7415:Catan, Thomas; Bremner, Charles (4 July 2008).
7214:"FARC: death Marulanda doesn't change anything"
7066:
6553:
6435:
6397:. Taiwan (ROC). 3 February 2008. Archived from
5778:
5478:Betancourt Santiago, Milson (11 October 2004).
4962:
4467:
4376:
3048:by comrades sometimes no older than themselves.
2641:Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples
2499:2012 car bombing targeting the former minister
2158:
1611:. The news was confirmed by FARC–EP commander "
1554:Deaths of Raúl Reyes and Manuel Marulanda Vélez
1242:
1067:), taking a large number of soldiers prisoner.
53:FARC–EP coat of arms: shield, flag, and country
13409:
13162:
12822:
12435:
12356:
11587:
11585:
11583:
11498:(in Spanish). 26 February 2012. Archived from
10834:(in Portuguese). 22 April 2001. Archived from
10644:Murillo, Mario A.; Avirama, Jesús Rey (2004).
10643:
10475:. Lynne Rienner Publishers. pp. 135–137.
9351:"De la Calle le dice NO a las FARC. ¿Por qué?"
9081:"Colombia's Santos believes peace is possible"
8872:"Government, FARC rebels agree to peace talks"
8573:(in Spanish). 28 November 2011. Archived from
7686:"FARC rebels poised to free Colombian soldier"
7582:(in Spanish). 21 December 2008. Archived from
7546:
6520:
6422:
6057:(in Spanish). 28 November 2004. Archived from
5713:
5541:Murillo, Mario A.; Avirama, Jesús Rey (2004).
5540:
5062:Osterling, Jorge Pablo; Sanin, Xavier (1989).
5061:
4738:
4645:
3927:
3905:(in Spanish). 19 November 2013. Archived from
3889:
3791:
3637:Organized Crime: From Trafficking to Terrorism
3635:Shanty, Frank G.; Mishra, Patit Paban (2008).
3449:"Brazilian Troops Kill 3 Colombian Guerrillas"
3132:"Panama's Darien teems with FARC drug runners"
3071:"Interview with FARC Commander Simón Trinidad"
2566:The FARC-EP has employed a type of improvised
1209:years in gaol if the allegations were proved.
13990:
13681:
12767:
12765:
12616:
12414:"Colombia: Armed Groups Send Children to War"
12263:(in Spanish). 26 January 2012. Archived from
10498:
10064:
9453:(in Spanish). 23 January 2014. Archived from
9420:(in Spanish). 6 November 2013. Archived from
9261:"FARC attacks coal railway in North Colombia"
8130:
7864:(in Spanish). 1 December 2010. Archived from
7517:
7515:
6785:(in Spanish). 1 February 2008. Archived from
6769:
6745:"Millions of Colombians march against rebels"
6200:
4709:. University of Pennsylvania. pp. 80–81.
4354:Beyond Bogota: Diary of a Drug War Journalist
4114:
4112:
4054:
3614:. New York: The Guilford Press. p. 141.
3413:
3255:Mercado, Juan Guillermo (22 September 2013).
2665:
1836:Colombian authorities announced the death of
1436:
1033:On 3 June 1991, dialogue resumed between the
970:, greater health and education spending, the
535:The operations of the FARC–EP were funded by
37:
12593:"Film Documents 'Red Dance' of Annihilation"
12463:
10366:
10364:
9027:(in Spanish). 29 August 2012. Archived from
8804:
8802:
8635:"FARC's civilian captives suffer in silence"
7414:
6965:
6675:
6321:
6264:
4995:
4934:
4932:
4409:
4285:
3634:
3409:
3407:
3405:
2976:The FARC built a deep relationship with the
2630:National Indigenous Organization of Colombia
2172:. All of these ex-rebels are members of the
1631:
949:, which ended up lasting from 1984 to 1987.
849:In a secret supplement to his report to the
13383:
12469:
11680:
11580:
11522:"Colombia's FARC Announces Kidnapping Halt"
11438:"Colombia FARC rebels vow to free hostages"
10802:(in Spanish). 25 April 2001. Archived from
10729:
10403:Medina, Juan Guillermo Ferro (March 2000).
10347:. Cambridge University Press. p. 291.
10036:
10034:
10032:
10030:
9622:"Sri Sri Ravi Shankar miffed with the Pope"
9231:"Colombia refuses to extend FARC ceasefire"
8051:(in Spanish). 28 April 2011. Archived from
6425:"Colombian Rebels Free Two Female Hostages"
6418:
6416:
4867:
4704:
3553:
2521:
1037:and the government on neutral territory in
1019:, the Quintín Lame Armed Movement, and the
1006:Gaviria and Samper presidencies (1990–1998)
914:Seventh Guerrilla Conference of the FARC-EP
908:Seventh Guerrilla Conference of the FARC–EP
903:Betancur and Barco presidencies (1982–1990)
13997:
13983:
13688:
13674:
13316:Colombia: Fragmented Land, Divided Society
12778:United Nations Regional Information Centre
12762:
12334:"Interview with FARC Commander Raul Reyes"
11975:(in Spanish). 20 July 2011. Archived from
11888:
11840:
11299:"No Immediate End to Kidnap Victims' Pain"
11081:"Human Rights in the Republic of Colombia"
10770:(in Spanish). 15 June 2005. Archived from
9683:
9593:
9359:(in Spanish). 15 June 2013. Archived from
9313:
8924:
8811:"Is Colombia's conflict coming to an end?"
8114:(in Spanish). 17 July 2011. Archived from
7512:
7258:
7184:"FARC confirm death of 'Manuel Marulanda'"
7107:(in Spanish). 3 March 2008. Archived from
6801:
6737:
6272:"Former Colombian minister escapes rebels"
5853:(in Spanish). 13 July 2004. Archived from
5411:"40 años de las FARC: Otros acercamientos"
5381:"Colombian Army Strikes Guerrillas A Blow"
5277:(in Spanish). Ideas y Soluciones Graficas.
5233:
4870:Inside Colombia: Drugs, Democracy, and War
4773:
4771:
4769:
4109:
4015:
4013:
3960:
3557:Inside Colombia: Drugs, Democracy, and War
3216:
2918:issued a 60-day state of emergency in the
2232:and his arrest in 2019 were a plot by the
2120:, which Congress approved on 30 November.
1809:the end of the year. Nuevo Arco Iris head
1171:
1141:1999–2002 FARC-EP-Government peace process
1126:
1035:Simón Bolívar Guerrilla Coordinating Board
288:Simón Bolívar Guerrilla Coordinating Board
13641:
13560:Learn how and when to remove this message
13437:
13427:
13274:
12271:
11781:"Are Women the Key to Peace in Colombia?"
11750:"Are Women the Key to Peace in Colombia?"
11164:
10730:Streatfeild, Dominic (20 November 2000).
10552:
10530:America's Other War: Terrorizing Colombia
10440:America's Other War: Terrorizing Colombia
10361:
10340:
10101:
9799:
9478:"Colombia and Rebels Agree on Drug Fight"
9321:"Deal reached on land reform in Colombia"
8902:"Colombia seeking peace with FARC rebels"
8799:
8782:"Four Chinese hostages freed in Colombia"
8360:(in Spanish). 26 May 2011. Archived from
8330:(in Spanish). 27 May 2011. Archived from
8300:(in Spanish). 30 May 2011. Archived from
8270:(in Spanish). 2 June 2011. Archived from
8140:Macías, Javier Alexander (9 April 2011).
8073:
7744:
7623:
7250:(in Spanish). 25 May 2008. Archived from
6907:"Chavez orders troops to Colombia border"
6874:
6831:
5628:
5500:
5055:
5006:America's Other War: Terrorizing Colombia
4973:America's Other War: Terrorizing Colombia
4929:
4872:. Rutgers University Press. p. 155.
4705:Decker, David R.; Duran, Ignacio (1982).
4601:
4420:America's Other War: Terrorizing Colombia
4021:"Colombia signs new peace deal with FARC"
3872:
3819:
3809:
3689:
3560:. Rutgers University Press. p. 180.
3402:
2925:
2815:
2562:Use of gas cylinder mortars and landmines
1784:2010 Colombia–Venezuela diplomatic crisis
837:sent a "Special Survey Team" composed of
14876:Anti-American sentiment in South America
13410:Nussio, Enzo; Ugarriza, Juan E. (2021).
13313:Safford, Frank; Palacios, Marco (2001).
13141:
13122:
13029:(in Spanish). 4 May 2011. Archived from
12444:
12062:
11430:
10906:
10027:
9989:Oficina del Alto Comisionado para la Paz
9739:
9737:
9620:Guha Ray, Shantanu (30 September 2015).
9619:
9495:
9469:
8995:"Colombia rules out ceasefire with FARC"
8965:"Stage set for Colombia's peace process"
8809:Inside Story Americas (30 August 2012).
8632:
7604:
6870:
6868:
6866:
6864:
6707:
6619:
6446:"Freed Colombian Hostages Relate Ordeal"
6413:
6178:"Colombia: Hostage Held Since 1998 Dies"
6157:(in Spanish). Europa Press. 7 April 2006
6101:International Committee of the Red Cross
6096:"Colombia: two police officers released"
6013:
5814:"Rebels Execute 10 Hostages in Colombia"
5573:
5206:
5176:
4747:
4679:
4654:
4577:. Holt, Rinehart & Winston. p.
3854:
3792:Nussio, Enzo; Ugarriza, Juan E. (2021).
3755:"Basta Ya! Memoria de Guerra y Dignidad"
3639:. Santa Barbara: ABC-Clio. p. 323.
3184:
2872:
2715:
2465:
2191:
1563:
1521:
1251:
1130:
895:and other PCC members, after a military
846:, visited Colombia for a second survey.
524:. They are known to employ a variety of
13369:New York: International Action Center.
13261:
12979:"Lists associated with Resolution 1373"
12708:
12677:
12559:
12506:
12393:
12161:Indigenous Peoples Issues and Resources
12130:Center for Economic and Policy Research
12063:Barahona, Carlos Andrés (12 May 2011).
11920:Bogotá, Reuters in (11 December 2015).
11778:
11747:
11652:
11650:
11165:McDermott, Jeremy (28 September 2001).
10468:
9985:"ABC Jurisdicción Especial para la Paz"
9977:
9956:
9381:
9291:"Colombia: Soldiers Die in Rebel Fight"
8959:
8957:
8774:
8744:
8142:"Milicias, el plan pistola en el Cauca"
7868:on 23 May 2012 – via Google News.
6966:Pease-Watkin, Camilla (28 April 2010).
5971:
5114:
4902:
4766:
4568:
4324:
4291:
4153:
4010:
3254:
3129:
3015:List of political hostages held by FARC
2709:FARC was organized hierarchically into
2089:, were present. The final peace accord
1710:
1615:" on Latin American television station
1420:Valle del Cauca Deputies hostage crisis
14768:
13625:Interview with Alfonso Lopez Caballero
13613:"Evolution of the Colombian Civil War"
13454:
13181:
12831:
12590:
12031:
11919:
11809:
11686:
11015:
10633:– via National Security Archive.
10525:
10436:
10402:
10396:
10384:from the original on 23 September 2015
10267:
10143:
10141:
10139:
9925:
9709:
9475:
9297:. Associated Press. 14 February 2013.
9121:from the original on 30 September 2012
8719:
8695:"FARC releases all political hostages"
8474:
8139:
8025:from the original on 25 September 2013
7949:
7825:
7181:
7131:"Second Colombian rebel leader killed"
6996:
6877:"FARC aura of invincibility shattered"
6208:"Police officer dead as rebel captive"
6175:
5940:
5811:
5736:from the original on 20 September 2013
5348:
5272:
5146:
5076:
5066:. Transaction Publishers. p. 280.
5001:
4968:
4950:from the original on 18 September 2010
4506:
4473:
4448:
4415:
4382:
4154:Daniels, Joe Parkin (29 August 2019).
3998:from the original on 30 September 2018
3961:Brodzinsky, Sibylla (25 August 2016).
3836:from the original on 24 September 2022
3446:
3390:from the original on 30 September 2020
3362:
3360:
3358:
3172:from the original on 25 September 2018
2196:Former second-in-command FARC leader,
2174:Common Alternative Revolutionary Force
1804:According to a December report by the
1786:which erupted over outgoing President
897:attack on the community of Marquetalia
814:, PCC) was formally accredited by the
464:Common Alternative Revolutionary Force
21:Common Alternative Revolutionary Force
14677:
14348:
14189:
14047:
13978:
13669:
13242:
13223:
13089:from the original on 12 January 2022.
12803:
12743:
12591:Vieira, Constanza (24 January 2004).
12331:
12065:"FARC harasses indigenous Colombians"
11779:O’Neill, Jacqueline (20 April 2015).
11748:O’Neill, Jacqueline (20 April 2015).
11723:Landmine and Cluster Munition Monitor
11400:from the original on 10 November 2010
11368:from the original on 10 February 2009
11179:from the original on 12 January 2022.
10902:– via LatinAmericanStudies.org.
10882:
10696:
10415:from the original on 15 February 2020
10313:from the original on 17 December 2014
10268:Acosta, Luis Jaime (5 January 2021).
10161:from the original on 2 September 2019
10102:Alexander, Harriet (29 August 2019).
10052:from the original on 28 December 2019
9957:Armario, Christine (15 August 2017).
9877:from the original on 19 February 2017
9847:from the original on 13 November 2016
9787:from the original on 13 November 2016
9757:from the original on 13 November 2016
9734:
8074:Dickinson, Elizabeth (26 July 2011).
7980:
7950:Alsema, Adriaan (23 September 2010).
7931:from the original on 13 November 2012
7666:from the original on 23 December 2009
7475:
7306:from the original on 10 February 2009
6917:from the original on 19 November 2011
6861:
6849:from the original on 13 December 2008
6506:"Colombian rebels release 4 hostages"
6188:from the original on 13 November 2007
6147:
6129:"Lothar Hintze liberado por las FARC"
6120:
6031:from the original on 26 February 2008
5890:from the original on 26 February 2008
5824:from the original on 18 November 2020
5784:
5692:
5674:from the original on 14 February 2009
5600:"Colombian army moves against rebels"
5287:
5248:
5034:
4820:
4777:
4719:
4636:
4358:. Boston, MA: Beacon Press. pp.
4349:
4186:
4184:
4149:
4147:
4097:from the original on 5 September 2017
4033:from the original on 28 December 2016
3749:
3747:
3428:from the original on 1 September 2019
3111:from the original on 28 November 2020
3068:
2812:, a FARC–EP-created political party.
2599:
2345:Attorney General of the United States
2264:
557:National Centre for Historical Memory
14169:Renewed peace process (2012–present)
13504:
13487:. Library of the European Parliament
13293:
13202:
12682:Encyclopedia of the Developing World
12629:from the original on 3 November 2021
12470:Rabasa, Angel; Chalk, Peter (2001).
12305:"Commentary: FARC fighting two wars"
11997:
11901:from the original on 6 December 2021
11851:from the original on 6 December 2021
11822:from the original on 12 October 2022
11791:from the original on 6 December 2021
11760:from the original on 6 December 2021
11699:from the original on 9 November 2012
11668:from the original on 16 January 2009
11647:
11279:from the original on 7 February 2011
11146:from the original on 15 October 2012
11018:"The Kidnapping Economy in Colombia"
10990:from the original on 16 October 2012
10894:from the original on 13 January 2012
10560:"Narco-Insurgent Links in the Andes"
10124:from the original on 12 January 2022
9684:Brodzinsky, Sibylla (23 June 2016).
9575:from the original on 16 October 2015
9545:from the original on 16 October 2015
9331:from the original on 30 January 2014
9301:from the original on 13 January 2017
9241:from the original on 30 January 2014
8954:
8605:
8547:from the original on 2 November 2018
8412:
7993:from the original on 16 October 2015
7775:from the original on 9 November 2020
7726:from the original on 9 November 2020
7696:from the original on 2 February 2017
7521:
7336:from the original on 3 November 2021
7276:from the original on 12 January 2014
7081:from the original on 12 January 2022
7017:from the original on 13 January 2017
6978:from the original on 13 January 2017
6819:from the original on 22 January 2010
6757:from the original on 16 October 2015
6695:from the original on 24 January 2010
6663:from the original on 9 November 2012
6574:from the original on 11 January 2016
6391:"FARC hostages send letter to Uribe"
6339:from the original on 22 October 2014
6282:from the original on 4 February 2008
6079:
5661:
5629:Ehrenfeld, Rachel (21 August 2002).
4544:Guerrilla Movements in Latin America
4539:
4067:from the original on 1 December 2016
3763:Centro Nacional De Memoria Historica
3732:from the original on 12 October 2020
3702:from the original on 27 October 2018
3609:
3580:
3503:from the original on 9 December 2014
3299:from the original on 16 October 2015
3236:from the original on 1 December 2018
1873:Colombian troops killed FARC leader
1517:
516:force promoting a political line of
14081:Patriotic Union Party extermination
13478:"Colombia: new momentum for peace?"
12678:Leonard, Thomas M. (October 2005).
12261:Consejo Regional Indigena del Cauca
11420:"Fidel Castro in FARC hostage plea"
11269:"FARC hostages arrive in Venezuela"
10280:from the original on 7 January 2021
10249:from the original on 23 August 2022
10223:from the original on 31 August 2019
10191:from the original on 31 August 2019
10136:
9938:from the original on 16 August 2017
9859:
9634:from the original on 1 October 2015
9594:Brodzinsky, Sibylla (8 July 2015).
9151:from the original on 5 October 2012
9091:from the original on 3 October 2012
8942:from the original on 28 August 2012
8882:from the original on 28 August 2012
8675:from the original on 3 October 2015
8645:from the original on 5 October 2012
8487:from the original on 3 January 2018
8154:from the original on 30 August 2011
7981:Welsh, Teresa (24 September 2010).
7826:Alsema, Adriaan (1 December 2010).
7803:. 10 September 2010. Archived from
7048:from the original on 30 August 2017
6329:"Colombia rebels 'killed hostages'"
6126:
6021:"Colombia 'to release FARC rebels'"
5880:"'Deadliest' hit on Colombian army"
5458:
5273:Aldana, Luis Alberto Matta (2002).
4202:from the original on 31 August 2019
3493:"Profiles: Colombia's armed groups"
3355:
3329:from the original on 5 October 2013
3204:from the original on 31 August 2017
3162:"Colombian soldiers die in clashes"
2777:The FARC–EP secretariat was led by
2676:FARC–EP was the largest and oldest
2647:The Regional Indigenous Council of
2419:sent a letter to FARC-EP Commander
2104:President and chief peace opponent
1510:a month prior. Colombian President
1193:experts and of a representative of
885:
13:
13475:
13386:Cocaine: An Unauthorised Biography
13148:. University of California Press.
13111:
12773:"The Guerrilla Groups in Colombia"
12279:"Colombia forces kill 'key rebel'"
12163:. 18 February 2011. Archived from
11635:from the original on 18 March 2017
11561:. 28 February 2005. Archived from
11528:. 26 February 2012. Archived from
11305:. 28 December 2007. Archived from
11249:from the original on 15 March 2010
11239:"New FARC kidnappings in Colombia"
10677:Schulte-Bockholt, Alfredo (2006).
9926:Alsema, Adriaan (15 August 2017).
9722:from the original on 11 April 2020
9710:Emblin, Richard (2 October 2016).
8971:. 3 September 2012. Archived from
8912:from the original on 1 August 2018
7962:from the original on 6 August 2020
7894:. 11 December 2014. Archived from
7838:from the original on 6 August 2020
7765:"Car bomb rocks Colombian capital"
7624:Bronstein, Hugh (6 January 2010).
7224:from the original on 6 August 2020
7194:from the original on 6 August 2020
7035:
6997:Romero, Simon (10 December 2009).
6875:McDermott, Jeremy (1 March 2008).
6653:"Anti-FARC Rallies Held Worldwide"
6512:. 27 February 2008. Archived from
6486:from the original on 25 April 2009
6476:"Colombian rebels free 4 hostages"
5766:from the original on 9 August 2020
5726:"Appeal to Ahern over republicans"
5349:Brooke, James (14 December 1990).
5234:Cusicanqui, Silvia Rivera (1987).
4181:
4144:
3744:
3690:McDermott, Jeremy (17 June 2012).
3269:from the original on 30 April 2014
3154:
2868:
2781:and six others after the death of
2616:Violence against indigenous people
2515:High Commissioner for Human Rights
2073:2016–2017: Ceasefire and disarming
2035:Washington Office on Latin America
1774:List of attacks attributed to FARC
1462:, thanked Chávez for his efforts.
1302:High Commissioner for Human Rights
14:
14887:
14806:Defunct communist militant groups
14781:Organizations established in 1964
14174:Peace agreement referendum (2016)
13500:
13357:Foreign Policy Research Institute
13226:Colombia: Democracy Under Assault
12928:"Foreign Terrorist Organizations"
12832:Torres, Fernanda (1 April 2018).
12105:from the original on 22 June 2012
11336:from the original on 23 June 2012
11201:from the original on 11 June 2011
10625:from the original on 17 June 2014
10578:from the original on 17 June 2014
9965:from the original on 22 July 2022
9907:from the original on 18 June 2020
9817:from the original on 16 June 2018
9665:from the original on 24 June 2016
9271:from the original on 28 June 2013
9211:from the original on 28 July 2020
8720:Ramsey, Geoffrey (3 April 2012).
8633:Elizondo, Gabriel (31 May 2012).
8475:Romero, Simon (5 November 2011).
7921:"Top Colombian FARC rebel killed"
7745:Rodriguez, Pablo (14 June 2010).
7636:from the original on 17 June 2017
7560:. 29 October 2008. Archived from
7534:from the original on 29 June 2011
7457:from the original on 13 June 2010
6947:from the original on 7 March 2016
6937:"War of words opens LatAm summit"
6887:from the original on 5 March 2008
6839:"Colombians hold anti-FARC rally"
6627:"Colombians in huge FARC protest"
6597:"One Million Voices Against FARC"
6452:. 12 January 2008. Archived from
6367:. 2 February 2009. Archived from
6176:Forero, Juan (16 February 2006).
5984:from the original on 29 June 2023
5610:from the original on 14 June 2006
5391:from the original on 1 March 2017
5361:from the original on 1 March 2017
5330:from the original on 1 March 2017
5300:from the original on 1 March 2017
5181:. Pluto Press. pp. 206–210.
4515:. Latin American Bureau. p.
4262:from the original on 2 March 2024
4232:from the original on 2 March 2024
4132:from the original on 17 July 2018
3942:from the original on 24 June 2016
3671:from the original on 17 June 2017
3612:Latin America: Regions and People
3467:"Foreign Terrorist Organizations"
3142:from the original on 8 March 2021
2672:Military structure of the FARC–EP
2148:Jurisdicción Especial para la Paz
2025:have also lost their legitimacy.
1735:On 22 December 2009, the body of
1414:2007 death of 11 hostage deputies
1197:who was known to be stationed in
998:, won 4.6% of the national vote.
701:In 1948, in the aftermath of the
14660:
14647:
14634:
14614:
14443:
14433:
14423:
14413:
14396:
14372:
14362:
14352:
14306:Sinaltrainal v. Coca-Cola (2001)
14218:Colombia–United States relations
14128:Parapolitics scandal (2006–2007)
14102:Failed peace process (1999–2002)
13509:
13093:
13073:
13059:
13045:
13015:
12989:
12971:
12945:
12920:
12900:
12880:
12862:
12844:
12806:The FARC: The Longest Insurgency
12746:The FARC: The Longest Insurgency
12641:
12610:
12584:
12527:
12406:
12394:Ramirez, Loïc (10 August 2016).
12387:
12249:
12209:
12179:
12149:
12087:
12056:
12032:Manker, Stephen (21 July 2011).
11991:
11959:
11913:
11889:Espectador, El (11 April 2020).
11882:
11834:
11816:Colombia News | Colombia Reports
11803:
11772:
11741:
11711:
11544:
11514:
11482:
11348:
11221:"FAQ: Is this the end for FARC?"
11062:. 3 January 2000. Archived from
10972:
10936:
10876:
10850:
10818:
10786:
10754:
10723:
10670:
10261:
10235:
10203:
10173:
10095:
10007:
9950:
9919:
9889:
9843:(in Spanish). 12 November 2016.
9829:
9783:(in Spanish). 12 November 2016.
9769:
9753:(in Spanish). 12 November 2016.
9703:
9677:
9646:
9613:
9587:
9557:
9525:
9513:from the original on 29 May 2014
9406:
9375:
9343:
9283:
9253:
9223:
9193:
9181:from the original on 23 May 2013
9133:
9103:
9073:
8987:
8894:
8713:
8687:
8657:
8626:
8599:
8581:
8559:
8529:
8499:
8468:
8439:
8406:
8376:
8346:
8316:
8286:
8256:
8226:
8196:
8166:
8098:
8067:
8037:
8021:(in Spanish). 20 December 2010.
8005:
7974:
7943:
7913:
7850:
7819:
7787:
7757:
7738:
7708:
7678:
7648:
7617:
7605:McCarthy, Rory (18 March 2009).
7598:
7568:
7486:
7469:
7439:
7408:
7378:
7348:
7318:
7288:
7236:
7206:
7175:
7145:
7123:
7093:
7060:
7029:
6990:
6959:
6929:
6899:
6725:from the original on 5 June 2011
6498:
6468:
6294:
6232:
6169:
6088:
6043:
5972:Bargent, James (27 March 2017).
5288:Croft, Adrian (14 August 1990).
4821:Rempe, Dennis M. (Winter 1995).
4778:Rempe, Dennis M. (Winter 1995).
4641:. New York: Anchor. p. 244.
3528:National Counterterrorism Center
3473:from the original on 15 May 2019
3037:
2994:
2492:
2474:
2164:Membership in Colombian Congress
1539:paramilitary leaders, including
792:PCC and self-defense communities
747:Accelerated Economic Development
445:
427:
402:
389:
346:
327:
315:
303:
47:
14786:1964 establishments in Colombia
14143:Andean diplomatic crisis (2008)
13366:War in Colombia: Made in U.S.A.
12896:(in Spanish). 25 February 2018.
12808:. Zed Books. pp. 138–140.
12560:Guodong, Du (16 January 2008).
11998:Abad, Susan (1 December 2011).
10984:Federal Bureau of Investigation
10953:. 22 March 2006. Archived from
10920:. 22 March 2006. Archived from
10885:"FARC leaders indicted in U.S."
10652:. Seven Stories Press. p.
10615:Drug Enforcement Administration
10469:Rochlin, James Francis (2003).
10443:. Zed Books. pp. 101–102.
9476:Neuman, William (16 May 2014).
9384:"Colombia Peace Process Update"
9061:from the original on 1 May 2013
8595:(in Spanish). 26 November 2011.
7182:Alsema, Adriaan (25 May 2008).
6104:. 25 March 2006. Archived from
5996:
5965:
5934:
5902:
5872:
5836:
5805:
5748:
5693:Cowan, Rosie (16 August 2001).
5686:
5655:
5622:
5592:
5567:
5549:. Seven Stories Press. p.
5494:
5471:
5421:
5403:
5373:
5342:
5312:
5281:
5265:
5242:
5227:
5077:Dudley, Steven (January 2004).
5041:. Westview Press. p. 404.
4896:
4886:
4814:
4684:. Pluto Press. pp. 74–76.
4630:
4595:
4562:
4533:
4500:
4292:Guevara, Ernesto "Che" (2004).
4274:
4244:
4214:
4079:
3980:
3954:
3921:
3848:
3785:
3714:
3683:
3653:
3628:
3603:
3574:
3515:
3485:
3459:
3440:
3341:
3232:(in Spanish). 23 October 2013.
2302:Drug Enforcement Administration
2188:2019: Attempt to reinstate FARC
1498:helicopter transported them to
1296:On 13 July 2004, the office of
1118:Pastrana presidency (1998–2002)
419:Designated as a terrorist group
138:militarily dissolved as of 2017
14245:Illegal drug trade in Colombia
14071:Palace of Justice siege (1985)
14066:Dominican Embassy siege (1980)
13336:Western Responses to Terrorism
13001:European Union External Action
12876:(in Spanish). 18 January 2018.
12655:. 31 July 2007. Archived from
12513:. SUNY Press. pp. 77–78.
12133:. 21 July 2011. Archived from
10883:Seper, Jerry (19 March 2002).
10377:Council on Hemispheric Affairs
10219:(in Spanish). 31 August 2019.
10187:(in Spanish). 30 August 2019.
10157:(in Spanish). 29 August 2019.
10085:. 21 July 2018. Archived from
9382:Isacson, Adam (16 July 2013).
7522:Otis, John (26 October 2008).
7137:. 7 March 2008. Archived from
6537:. 23 July 2010. Archived from
5941:Dayani, Martin (2 July 2001).
5662:Hoge, Warren (24 April 2002).
5121:. SUNY Press. pp. 74–76.
4511:Colombia: Inside the Labyrinth
3447:Brooke, James (7 March 1991).
3323:Ministerio de Defensa Nacional
3311:
3281:
3248:
3123:
3093:
3062:
2425:international humanitarian law
2372:
2280:Illegal drug trade in Colombia
945:Agreement, which called for a
937:In the early 1980s, President
1:
14801:Far-left politics in Colombia
14791:Colombian guerrilla movements
13457:Economic and Political Weekly
13384:Streatfeild, Dominic (2002).
12748:. Zed Books. pp. 93–94.
12722:. Central Intelligence Agency
12617:tortugasrojas (14 May 2011).
12332:Leech, Garry (12 July 2007).
11687:Forero, Juan (26 July 2007).
11598:Uppsala Conflict Data Program
11559:UN Commission on Human Rights
11393:The Christian Science Monitor
10372:"FARC – Rebels with a Cause?"
10341:Weinstein, Jeremy M. (2007).
7392:. 2 July 2008. Archived from
7362:. 9 June 2008. Archived from
5756:"Profile: Álvaro Uribe Velez"
5213:. NYU Press. pp. 98–99.
4946:(in Spanish). November 1996.
4752:. Pluto Press. pp. 2–3.
4659:. Pluto Press. pp. 6–7.
3597:10.1016/S0030-4387(02)00108-4
3224:"FARC, terrorismo y diálogos"
3130:Mattson, Sean (26 May 2010).
3069:Leech, Garry (25 June 2000).
3055:
2443:considered "absurdly low" by
2273:
2213:who continued armed actions.
2144:Special Jurisdiction of Peace
1768:2010–2011: Increased violence
1763:Santos presidency (2010–2018)
1560:2008 Andean diplomatic crisis
641:
14311:Rodriquez v. Drummond (2003)
14117:El Nogal Club bombing (2003)
13591:Second FARC Official Website
13275:Osterling, Jorge P. (1989).
13262:Maullin, Richard L. (1968).
12858:(in Spanish). 20 March 2018.
12193:(in Spanish). Archived from
12101:(in Spanish). 11 July 2011.
11810:Heyden, Tom (13 June 2011).
11016:Semple, Kirk (3 June 2001).
10409:L'Ordinaire Latino-americain
9991:(in Spanish). Archived from
8513:(in Spanish). Archived from
8390:(in Spanish). Archived from
8240:(in Spanish). Archived from
8210:(in Spanish). Archived from
8180:(in Spanish). Archived from
7332:(in Spanish). 7 March 2008.
7159:(in Spanish). Archived from
6603:(in Spanish). Archived from
6510:International Herald Tribune
5918:(in Spanish). Archived from
5486:(in Spanish). Archived from
5147:Taylor, Steven Lynn (2009).
2877:FARC dissidents arrested in
2408:addition, FARC spokesperson
2251:
2239:
2159:Duque presidency (2018–2022)
1675:Colombian Conservative Party
1638:Venezuelan National Assembly
1247:
1243:Uribe presidency (2002–2010)
1222:Attorney General of Colombia
1096:policies yet also exercised
812:Partido Comunista Colombiano
16:Colombian guerrilla movement
7:
14532:Military Forces of Colombia
14076:DAS Building bombing (1989)
13695:
13403:
13319:. Oxford University Press.
13298:. McFarland & Company.
13123:Brittain, James J. (2010).
12953:"Listed Terrorist Entities"
12916:(in Spanish). 4 March 2018.
12507:Neville, Robert C. (2001).
12449:. Pluto Press. p. 27.
12445:Brittain, James J. (2010).
12191:Consejería Derechos Humanos
10568:Central Intelligence Agency
8878:. Reuters. 27 August 2012.
8606:Muse, Toby (3 April 2012).
8413:Otis, John (16 July 2011).
7453:(in Spanish). 5 July 2008.
7038:"Covert action in Colombia"
6809:"Colombian anti-FARC rally"
5812:Forero, Juan (6 May 2003).
5177:Brittain, James J. (2010).
5115:Neville, Robert C. (2001).
5035:Black, Jan Kippers (2005).
4911:. South End Press. p.
4868:Livingstone, Grace (2004).
4827:Small Wars and Insurgencies
4784:Small Wars and Insurgencies
4748:Brittain, James J. (2010).
4680:Brittain, James J. (2010).
4655:Brittain, James J. (2010).
4604:Latin American Perspectives
3554:Livingstone, Grace (2004).
3010:Eastern Bloc of the FARC-EP
2987:
2978:Gaddafi government in Libya
2881:during Operation Armageddon
2702:According to a report from
2290:Central Intelligence Agency
2152:Assistant Secretary-General
1868:Corporación Nuevo Arco Iris
1806:Corporación Nuevo Arco Iris
1581:Central Intelligence Agency
1235:. Colombian vice-president
976:public access to mass media
582:Colombian government forces
504:involved in the continuing
10:
14892:
14751:Some Colombian politicians
14520:Some Colombian politicians
13964:List of political hostages
13279:. Transaction Publishers.
12221:Hispanically Speaking News
11972:European Pressphoto Agency
11470:. London. 26 February 2012
7891:International Crisis Group
5791:. Zed Books. p. 124.
5515:10.1177/002204260503500108
5459:Ramírez, María Clemencia.
5249:Braun, Herbert T. (2003).
4616:10.1177/0094582X7900600103
4453:. SUNY Press. p. 32.
3874:10.15446/achsc.v41n1.44855
2669:
2666:Organization and structure
2376:
2277:
1953:Nicolás Rodríguez Bautista
1896:
1822:International Crisis Group
1771:
1698:Vice President of Colombia
1557:
1437:Early-2008 prisoner events
1426:Valle del Cauca Department
1417:
1399:Another civilian hostage,
1318:military centre of gravity
1189:of two IRA explosives and
1138:
911:
795:
786:
669:
651:
645:
18:
14588:Former government program
14526:
14329:
14138:"False positives" scandal
14092:Mapiripán Massacre (1997)
14041:
14027:
14022:
14018:
14013:
13926:
13798:
13754:
13703:
13476:Cirlig, Carmen-Cristina.
12241:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
11719:"Colombia: 2008 Key Data"
10681:. Lexington. p. 135.
10588:National Security Archive
8848:. Reuters. Archived from
7751:The Sydney Morning Herald
6719:The Sydney Morning Herald
6276:The Sydney Morning Herald
6127:Usi, Eva (5 April 2006).
5574:Gottlieb, Stuart (2013).
5207:Metelits, Claire (2009).
4893:Colombian Survey Report."
4839:10.1080/09592319508423115
4796:10.1080/09592319508423115
3369:Venezuela: A Mafia State?
2010:, a town in the southern
1838:Víctor Julio Suárez Rojas
1701:Francisco Santos Calderón
1632:Late-2008 prisoner events
1445:and former congresswoman
1264:actions of new president
1237:Francisco Santos Calderón
808:Colombian Communist Party
615:approved on 30 November.
453:
441:
417:
372:Right-wing paramilitaries
362:
293:
283:
275:
263:
215:
167:
150:
129:
58:
46:
35:
30:
14866:Drug cartels in Colombia
14554:Colombian Naval Infantry
14223:Human rights in Colombia
14051:La Violencia (1948–1958)
13243:Leech, Garry M. (2002).
13167:. Common Courage Press.
13142:Bushnell, David (1993).
13116:
12000:"We are a peaceful army"
11987:– via Google News.
11116:"Colombia's mass exodus"
10705:. Beacon Press. p.
8795:– via Google News.
7423:. London. Archived from
4474:Hylton, Forrest (2006).
4449:Avilés, William (2006).
4383:Hylton, Forrest (2006).
3855:Aguilera, Mario (2014).
3610:Kent, Robert B. (2006).
3030:
2522:Extrajudicial executions
2328:In 2000, FARC Spokesman
2178:House of Representatives
1291:Gilberto Echeverri Mejía
1287:Guillermo Gaviria Correa
14289:FARC political hostages
14284:Kidnappings in Colombia
14159:Nariño massacres (2009)
13353:The Suicide of Colombia
13296:The Colombian Civil War
13182:Dudley, Steven (2004).
10276:. Yahoo News. Reuters.
5785:Leech, Gary M. (2006).
4548:. Nelson. p. 516.
4325:Richani, Nazih (2002).
4300:. Ocean Press. p.
3383:. 2018. pp. 3–84.
2932:violent non-state actor
2626:Colombian National Army
2485:left 43 people injured.
2379:Kidnappings in Colombia
1899:Colombian peace process
1649:Gerardo Aguilar Ramírez
1492:International Red Cross
1455:International Red Cross
1172:The Colombia Three case
1164:presidential candidate
1127:1998–2002 peace process
1094:participatory democracy
828:revolutionary situation
377:Muerte a Secuestradores
265:Political position
255:Revolutionary socialism
14861:Terrorism in Venezuela
14734:Colombian drug cartels
14579:Attorney General units
14515:Colombian drug cartels
14337:Government of Colombia
14316:Doe v. Chiquita (2007)
14164:2013 Colombian clashes
14153:Operation Fenix (2008)
14148:Operation Jaque (2008)
14107:Bojayá massacre (2002)
13808:Manuel Marulanda Vélez
13642:Government/NGO reports
13416:International Security
11227:. London. 4 July 2008.
11089:. 2009. Archived from
10736:dominicstreatfeild.com
10534:. Zed Books. pp.
8076:"Rumble in the Jungle"
5503:Journal of Drug Issues
5085:. Routledge. pp.
4977:. Zed Books. pp.
4903:Chomsky, Noam (2000).
4637:Feder, Ernest (1971).
4569:MacEoin, Gary (1971).
4540:Gott, Richard (1970).
4507:Pearce, Jenny (1990).
3798:International Security
2982:First Libyan Civil War
2973:, strongly disagreed.
2947:terrorist organization
2926:International response
2907:of western Venezuela.
2882:
2816:Territorial operations
2724:
2338:Luiz Fernando da Costa
2321:programs in Putumayo.
2218:San Vicente del Caguán
2201:
2023:self-defense movements
1922:
1737:Luis Francisco Cuéllar
1609:Manuel Marulanda Vélez
1571:
1545:Carlos Andrés Santiago
1528:
1346:Norte del Valle Cartel
1257:
1176:On 24 April 2002, the
1151:San Vicente del Caguán
1136:
1053:Gabriel García Márquez
893:Manuel Marulanda Vélez
824:Manuel Marulanda Vélez
689:
666:and the National Front
486:
157:Casa Verde (1965–1990)
38:
14831:Terrorism in Colombia
14796:Communism in Colombia
14698:Former paramilitaries
14609:DynCorp International
14483:Cuban revolutionaries
14086:Humanitarian exchange
13746:Middle Magdalena Bloc
13662:(Spanish and English)
13596:30 March 2012 at the
13579:FARC Official Website
13224:Kline, H. F. (1995).
13101:"Harvard for Tyrants"
12932:U.S. State Department
12653:Corporación Reiniciar
11600:Conflict Encyclopedia
11195:Amnesty International
11086:Amnesty International
10951:U.S. Dept. of Justice
10918:U.S. Dept. of Justice
10862:U.S. Dept. of Justice
10697:Leech, Garry (2009).
10526:Stokes, Doug (2005).
10437:Stokes, Doug (2005).
9716:The City Paper Bogotá
9117:. 26 September 2012.
8447:"Info Ejecutivo 2011"
7927:. 24 September 2010.
6429:National Public Radio
6051:"Comunicado las FARC"
5467:on 23 September 2015.
5010:. Zed Books. p.
5002:Stokes, Doug (2005).
4969:Stokes, Doug (2005).
4478:Evil Hour in Colombia
4424:. Zed Books. p.
4416:Stokes, Doug (2005).
4387:Evil Hour in Colombia
4350:Leech, Garry (2009).
3295:. 25 September 2013.
3020:Terrorism in Colombia
2876:
2719:
2552:forced disappearances
2466:Human rights concerns
2432:Amnesty International
2417:Amnesty International
2343:On 18 March 2002 the
2195:
2091:required a referendum
2062:people of Colombia."
1991:and the FARC, led by
1969:Antonio Navarro Wolff
1917:
1567:
1525:
1504:San José del Guaviare
1344:primary location for
1255:
1134:
964:constitutional reform
874:civic action programs
851:Joint Chiefs of Staff
844:William P. Yarborough
833:In October 1959, the
694:Ernesto "Che" Guevara
680:
652:Further information:
624:legal political party
589:President of Colombia
322:Euskadi Ta Askatasuna
250:Left-wing nationalism
14836:Terrorism in Ecuador
14739:Mexican drug cartels
14407:List of FARC attacks
14228:Politics of Colombia
14122:Neiva bombing (2003)
14056:Marquetalia Republic
13959:Front Ricardo Franco
13862:Tomás Medina Caracas
13766:(Commander in Chief)
13658:28 July 2020 at the
13530:improve this article
13463:(52/53): 4617–4623.
13429:10.1162/isec_a_00406
13268:The Rand Corporation
13203:Kirk, Robin (2003).
12957:Public Safety Canada
12804:Leech, Gary (2011).
12744:Leech, Gary (2011).
12597:Agencia Prensa Rural
12483:. RAND Corporation.
11275:. 28 February 2008.
11197:. 16 December 2002.
10888:The Washington Times
10091:on 10 December 2022.
9961:. Associated Press.
9873:. 19 February 2017.
9813:. 12 November 2016.
9087:. 9 September 2012.
8975:on 11 September 2012
8821:on 24 September 2016
8671:. 26 February 2012.
8543:. 27 November 2011.
8086:on 12 September 2011
8055:on 30 September 2011
7662:. 23 December 2009.
7254:on 11 December 2008.
7163:on 28 September 2011
6482:. 27 February 2008.
6252:on 26 September 2011
5886:. 10 February 2005.
5860:on 21 September 2009
5631:"IRA + PLO = Terror"
5606:. 21 February 2002.
5399:– via Factiva.
5387:. 15 November 1990.
5369:– via Factiva.
5338:– via Factiva.
5326:. 16 December 1990.
5308:– via Factiva.
4029:. 24 November 2016.
3811:10.1162/isec_a_00406
3025:Terrorism in Ecuador
2955:Venezuelan President
2934:(VNSA) whose formal
2735:Estado Mayor Central
2729:Central High Command
2533:Antioquia Department
2445:Fundación País Libre
2436:Fundación País Libre
2352:Tomás Molina Caracas
2170:Congress of Colombia
1989:Humberto de la Calle
1752:Pablo Emilio Moncayo
1711:2009 prisoner events
960:Apertura Democratica
798:Marquetalia Republic
711:Jorge Eliécer Gaitán
601:peace deal with FARC
14826:Terrorism in Brazil
14627:Mission in Colombia
14203:Democratic security
14184:Total Peace concept
13542:footnote references
13439:20.500.11850/480000
13294:Ruiz, Bert (2001).
13003:. 27 September 2016
12785:on 25 December 2014
12720:CIA World Fact Book
12659:on 27 December 2008
12510:The Human Condition
12344:on 4 September 2015
12285:. 23 September 2008
12267:on 5 February 2012.
12137:on 28 December 2013
11693:The Washington Post
11532:on 26 February 2012
11502:on 27 February 2012
11364:. 13 January 2008.
11245:. 14 January 2008.
11173:The Daily Telegraph
11066:on 16 October 2012.
10986:. 11 October 2012.
10110:The Daily Telegraph
9457:on 4 September 2015
9237:. 20 January 2013.
9207:. 15 January 2013.
9177:. 18 October 2012.
8762:on 30 November 2012
7901:on 13 December 2014
7366:on 11 February 2009
7302:. 13 January 2008.
7272:. 11 January 2008.
7075:The Daily Telegraph
7042:The Washington Post
6753:. 4 February 2008.
6721:. 5 February 2008.
6691:. 5 February 2008.
6659:. 5 February 2008.
6657:The Washington Post
6570:. 4 February 2011.
6364:Inter Press Service
6027:. 2 December 2006.
5922:on 16 February 2012
5445:on 21 January 2009.
5118:The Human Condition
4228:. 15 January 2024.
4061:The Washington Post
3821:20.500.11850/480000
3728:. 27 January 2011.
3421:The Washington Post
3351:. 18 November 2012.
2773:– +/- 12 combatants
2547:visit to the zone.
2295:and concluded that
2108:met with President
1799:Putumayo Department
1671:Óscar Tulio Lizcano
968:land redistribution
921:Ejército del Pueblo
279:7,000–10,000 (2013)
168:Active regions
14746:military personnel
14574:Migración Colombia
14267:Catatumbo campaign
14237:Illegal drug trade
14195:Government aspects
14133:Operation Emmanuel
14061:The National Front
14006:Colombian conflict
13780:Mauricio Jaramillo
13228:. Harper Collins.
13055:. 21 October 2011.
12983:New Zealand Police
12959:. 21 December 2018
12572:on 9 February 2008
12566:Xinhua News Agency
12420:. 21 February 2005
12418:Human Rights Watch
12400:Mémoire des luttes
12374:Human Rights Watch
12313:. 9 September 2008
12004:Latinamerica Press
11951:has generic name (
11891:"ELESPECTADOR.COM"
11874:has generic name (
11662:Human Rights Watch
11628:Human Rights Watch
11444:. 26 February 2012
11142:. 1 October 1998.
11139:Human Rights Watch
11093:on 26 January 2015
11023:The New York Times
10960:on 22 January 2012
10924:on 11 January 2014
9538:The Economic Times
9482:The New York Times
9295:The New York Times
9147:. 1 October 2012.
9085:Al Jazeera English
9057:. 29 August 2012.
9001:. 7 September 2012
8999:Al Jazeera English
8938:. 27 August 2012.
8908:. 29 August 2012.
8906:Al Jazeera English
8852:on 23 October 2012
8815:Al Jazeera English
8639:Al Jazeera English
8517:on 26 January 2012
8481:The New York Times
8394:on 11 January 2012
8364:on 11 January 2012
8334:on 12 October 2017
8304:on 12 October 2017
8274:on 12 October 2017
8244:on 11 January 2012
8214:on 18 January 2012
8118:on 26 January 2012
7807:on 19 January 2012
7771:. 12 August 2010.
7003:The New York Times
6843:Al Jazeera English
6541:on 22 October 2013
6278:. 6 January 2007.
6182:The New York Times
5818:The New York Times
5732:. 11 August 2005.
5668:The New York Times
5355:The New York Times
4944:Human Rights Watch
4482:. Verso. pp.
4391:. Verso. pp.
4198:. 31 August 2019.
3994:. 3 October 2016.
3909:on 3 December 2013
3773:on 24 January 2022
3722:"Guerrilla miners"
3499:. 29 August 2013.
3453:The New York Times
3377:Medellin, Colombia
3200:. 31 August 2013.
3081:on 11 January 2014
2967:Juan Manuel Santos
2883:
2725:
2704:Human Rights Watch
2653:self-determination
2600:Treatment of women
2585:Human Rights Watch
2575:Human Rights Watch
2544:demilitarized zone
2540:Human Rights Watch
2460:Juan Manuel Santos
2265:Means of financing
2258:illegal drug trade
2202:
2133:Juan Manuel Santos
2110:Juan Manuel Santos
1906:Juan Manuel Santos
1826:Juan Manuel Santos
1780:Juan Manuel Santos
1745:Florencia, Caquetá
1739:, the Governor of
1605:Juan Manuel Santos
1572:
1529:
1406:Another prisoner,
1298:the United Nations
1258:
1162:Oxygen Green Party
1137:
984:Juntas Patrióticas
939:Belisario Betancur
761:industrial farming
654:Colombian conflict
613:Colombian Congress
593:Juan Manuel Santos
570:Juan Manuel Santos
506:Colombian conflict
131:Dates of operation
86:Mauricio Jaramillo
14841:Terrorism in Peru
14763:
14762:
14758:
14757:
14473:Foro de São Paulo
14390:Former guerrillas
14255:Operation Snowcap
14179:2022 Huila attack
13972:
13971:
13741:Northwestern Bloc
13631:, 2 February 2009
13570:
13569:
13562:
13395:978-0-7535-0627-1
13376:978-0-9656916-9-7
13326:978-0-19-504617-5
13305:978-0-7864-1084-2
13254:978-0-9720384-0-9
13216:978-1-58648-104-9
13209:. PublicAffairs.
13195:978-0-415-93303-2
13174:978-1-56751-322-6
13155:978-0-520-08289-2
13134:978-0-7453-2875-1
13085:. 14 April 2011.
12815:978-1-84813-491-1
12755:978-1-84813-491-1
12701:978-1-57958-388-0
12541:. 5 November 2011
12520:978-0-7914-4779-6
12490:978-0-8330-2994-2
12456:978-0-7453-2876-8
12099:Vìdeo Dailymotion
11664:. 25 April 2005.
11332:. 23 April 2009.
11309:on 14 March 2012.
10716:978-0-8070-6145-9
10663:978-1-58322-606-3
10545:978-1-84277-547-9
10512:978-1-58826-254-7
10482:978-1-58826-106-9
10450:978-1-84277-547-9
10354:978-0-521-86077-2
10023:. 9 October 2017.
9995:on 5 October 2016
9388:ColombiaPeace.org
9031:on 31 August 2012
7722:. 31 March 2010.
7692:. 28 March 2010.
7528:Houston Chronicle
7427:on 6 October 2008
7141:on 8 August 2008.
6633:. 4 February 2008
6601:millondevoces.org
6516:on 14 March 2008.
6401:on 9 October 2008
6314:978-1-61312-033-0
6220:on 19 August 2007
6213:The Daily Journal
5798:978-1-84277-629-2
5585:978-1-4522-2672-9
5560:978-1-58322-606-3
5490:on 11 March 2012.
5220:978-0-8147-9578-1
5188:978-0-7453-2876-8
5160:978-1-55553-698-5
5128:978-0-7914-4779-6
5096:978-0-415-93303-2
5048:978-0-8133-4164-4
5021:978-1-84277-547-9
4988:978-1-84277-547-9
4922:978-0-89608-611-1
4879:978-0-8135-3443-5
4759:978-0-7453-2876-8
4731:978-0-688-02189-4
4691:978-0-7453-2876-8
4666:978-0-7453-2876-8
4493:978-1-84467-551-7
4460:978-0-7914-6699-5
4435:978-1-84277-547-9
4402:978-1-84467-551-7
4369:978-0-8070-6148-0
4336:978-0-79145-345-2
3646:978-1-57607-337-7
3621:978-1-57230-909-8
3567:978-0-8135-3443-5
3046:summary execution
2963:Geneva Convention
2920:Putumayo Province
2591:According to the
1795:Nariño Department
1653:Íngrid Betancourt
1541:Salvatore Mancuso
1518:Anti-FARC rallies
1447:Consuelo González
1310:Geneva Convention
1166:Íngrid Betancourt
1065:Vaupés department
839:counterinsurgency
479:
478:
457:Succeeded by
14883:
14666:
14664:
14663:
14653:
14651:
14650:
14640:
14638:
14637:
14620:
14618:
14617:
14447:
14437:
14427:
14417:
14400:
14376:
14366:
14356:
14301:
14279:
14240:
14198:
14016:
14015:
13999:
13992:
13985:
13976:
13975:
13868:Martín Caballero
13764:Timoleón Jiménez
13711:Chain of Command
13690:
13683:
13676:
13667:
13666:
13608:Colombia Reports
13565:
13558:
13554:
13551:
13545:
13513:
13512:
13505:
13496:
13494:
13492:
13485:Library Briefing
13482:
13472:
13451:
13441:
13431:
13399:
13388:. Virgin Books.
13380:
13349:
13330:
13309:
13290:
13271:
13258:
13239:
13220:
13199:
13178:
13159:
13138:
13105:
13104:
13097:
13091:
13090:
13084:
13077:
13071:
13070:
13063:
13057:
13056:
13049:
13043:
13042:
13040:
13038:
13019:
13013:
13012:
13010:
13008:
12993:
12987:
12986:
12975:
12969:
12968:
12966:
12964:
12949:
12943:
12942:
12940:
12938:
12924:
12918:
12917:
12904:
12898:
12897:
12884:
12878:
12877:
12866:
12860:
12859:
12848:
12842:
12841:
12829:
12820:
12819:
12801:
12795:
12794:
12792:
12790:
12781:. Archived from
12769:
12760:
12759:
12741:
12732:
12731:
12729:
12727:
12712:
12706:
12705:
12685:
12675:
12669:
12668:
12666:
12664:
12645:
12639:
12638:
12636:
12634:
12614:
12608:
12607:
12605:
12603:
12588:
12582:
12581:
12579:
12577:
12568:. Archived from
12557:
12551:
12550:
12548:
12546:
12531:
12525:
12524:
12504:
12495:
12494:
12476:
12467:
12461:
12460:
12442:
12433:
12432:
12427:
12425:
12410:
12404:
12403:
12391:
12385:
12384:
12382:
12380:
12371:
12363:
12354:
12353:
12351:
12349:
12340:. Archived from
12338:Colombia Journal
12329:
12323:
12322:
12320:
12318:
12301:
12295:
12294:
12292:
12290:
12275:
12269:
12268:
12253:
12247:
12246:
12240:
12232:
12230:
12228:
12213:
12207:
12206:
12204:
12202:
12197:on 24 April 2012
12183:
12177:
12176:
12174:
12172:
12153:
12147:
12146:
12144:
12142:
12121:
12115:
12114:
12112:
12110:
12091:
12085:
12084:
12082:
12080:
12071:. Archived from
12060:
12054:
12053:
12051:
12049:
12040:. Archived from
12038:Colombia Reports
12029:
12020:
12019:
12017:
12015:
12010:on 3 August 2012
12006:. Archived from
11995:
11989:
11988:
11986:
11984:
11963:
11957:
11956:
11950:
11946:
11944:
11936:
11934:
11932:
11917:
11911:
11910:
11908:
11906:
11895:ELESPECTADOR.COM
11886:
11880:
11879:
11873:
11869:
11867:
11859:
11858:
11856:
11838:
11832:
11831:
11829:
11827:
11807:
11801:
11800:
11798:
11796:
11776:
11770:
11769:
11767:
11765:
11745:
11739:
11738:
11736:
11734:
11725:. Archived from
11715:
11709:
11708:
11706:
11704:
11684:
11678:
11677:
11675:
11673:
11654:
11645:
11644:
11642:
11640:
11619:
11608:
11607:
11602:. Archived from
11589:
11578:
11577:
11575:
11573:
11568:on 19 April 2007
11567:
11556:
11548:
11542:
11541:
11539:
11537:
11518:
11512:
11511:
11509:
11507:
11486:
11480:
11479:
11477:
11475:
11460:
11454:
11453:
11451:
11449:
11434:
11428:
11427:
11416:
11410:
11409:
11407:
11405:
11396:. 13 June 2008.
11384:
11378:
11377:
11375:
11373:
11352:
11346:
11345:
11343:
11341:
11322:
11311:
11310:
11295:
11289:
11288:
11286:
11284:
11265:
11259:
11258:
11256:
11254:
11235:
11229:
11228:
11217:
11211:
11210:
11208:
11206:
11187:
11181:
11180:
11170:
11162:
11156:
11155:
11153:
11151:
11130:
11124:
11123:
11112:
11103:
11102:
11100:
11098:
11077:
11068:
11067:
11050:
11041:
11040:
11038:
11036:
11027:. Archived from
11013:
11000:
10999:
10997:
10995:
10976:
10970:
10969:
10967:
10965:
10959:
10948:
10940:
10934:
10933:
10931:
10929:
10910:
10904:
10903:
10901:
10899:
10880:
10874:
10873:
10871:
10869:
10854:
10848:
10847:
10845:
10843:
10822:
10816:
10815:
10813:
10811:
10790:
10784:
10783:
10781:
10779:
10758:
10752:
10751:
10749:
10747:
10742:on 12 March 2012
10738:. Archived from
10727:
10721:
10720:
10704:
10694:
10683:
10682:
10674:
10668:
10667:
10651:
10641:
10635:
10634:
10632:
10630:
10624:
10611:
10603:
10592:
10591:
10585:
10583:
10577:
10571:. 29 July 1992.
10564:
10556:
10550:
10549:
10533:
10523:
10517:
10516:
10496:
10487:
10486:
10466:
10455:
10454:
10434:
10425:
10424:
10422:
10420:
10400:
10394:
10393:
10391:
10389:
10368:
10359:
10358:
10338:
10323:
10322:
10320:
10318:
10309:. 20 July 2013.
10299:
10290:
10289:
10287:
10285:
10265:
10259:
10258:
10256:
10254:
10239:
10233:
10232:
10230:
10228:
10207:
10201:
10200:
10198:
10196:
10177:
10171:
10170:
10168:
10166:
10145:
10134:
10133:
10131:
10129:
10107:
10099:
10093:
10092:
10090:
10073:
10062:
10061:
10059:
10057:
10048:. 21 July 2018.
10038:
10025:
10024:
10011:
10005:
10004:
10002:
10000:
9981:
9975:
9974:
9972:
9970:
9954:
9948:
9947:
9945:
9943:
9932:Colombia Reports
9923:
9917:
9916:
9914:
9912:
9903:. 27 June 2017.
9901:Associated Press
9893:
9887:
9886:
9884:
9882:
9863:
9857:
9856:
9854:
9852:
9833:
9827:
9826:
9824:
9822:
9803:
9797:
9796:
9794:
9792:
9773:
9767:
9766:
9764:
9762:
9741:
9732:
9731:
9729:
9727:
9707:
9701:
9700:
9698:
9696:
9681:
9675:
9674:
9672:
9670:
9650:
9644:
9643:
9641:
9639:
9617:
9611:
9610:
9608:
9606:
9591:
9585:
9584:
9582:
9580:
9561:
9555:
9554:
9552:
9550:
9541:. 29 June 2015.
9529:
9523:
9522:
9520:
9518:
9499:
9493:
9492:
9490:
9488:
9473:
9467:
9466:
9464:
9462:
9443:
9434:
9433:
9431:
9429:
9410:
9404:
9403:
9401:
9399:
9390:. Archived from
9379:
9373:
9372:
9370:
9368:
9347:
9341:
9340:
9338:
9336:
9317:
9311:
9310:
9308:
9306:
9287:
9281:
9280:
9278:
9276:
9257:
9251:
9250:
9248:
9246:
9227:
9221:
9220:
9218:
9216:
9197:
9191:
9190:
9188:
9186:
9175:Colombia Reports
9167:
9161:
9160:
9158:
9156:
9145:GA Debate.un.org
9137:
9131:
9130:
9128:
9126:
9115:GA Debate.un.org
9107:
9101:
9100:
9098:
9096:
9077:
9071:
9070:
9068:
9066:
9055:Colombia Reports
9047:
9041:
9040:
9038:
9036:
9017:
9011:
9010:
9008:
9006:
8991:
8985:
8984:
8982:
8980:
8961:
8952:
8951:
8949:
8947:
8928:
8922:
8921:
8919:
8917:
8898:
8892:
8891:
8889:
8887:
8868:
8862:
8861:
8859:
8857:
8837:
8831:
8830:
8828:
8826:
8817:. Archived from
8806:
8797:
8796:
8794:
8792:
8778:
8772:
8771:
8769:
8767:
8758:. Archived from
8748:
8742:
8741:
8739:
8737:
8728:. Archived from
8717:
8711:
8710:
8708:
8706:
8699:Colombia Reports
8691:
8685:
8684:
8682:
8680:
8669:Colombia Reports
8661:
8655:
8654:
8652:
8650:
8630:
8624:
8623:
8621:
8619:
8603:
8597:
8596:
8585:
8579:
8578:
8563:
8557:
8556:
8554:
8552:
8533:
8527:
8526:
8524:
8522:
8503:
8497:
8496:
8494:
8492:
8472:
8466:
8465:
8463:
8461:
8451:
8443:
8437:
8436:
8434:
8432:
8423:. Archived from
8410:
8404:
8403:
8401:
8399:
8380:
8374:
8373:
8371:
8369:
8350:
8344:
8343:
8341:
8339:
8320:
8314:
8313:
8311:
8309:
8290:
8284:
8283:
8281:
8279:
8260:
8254:
8253:
8251:
8249:
8230:
8224:
8223:
8221:
8219:
8200:
8194:
8193:
8191:
8189:
8184:on 13 March 2012
8170:
8164:
8163:
8161:
8159:
8137:
8128:
8127:
8125:
8123:
8102:
8096:
8095:
8093:
8091:
8082:. Archived from
8071:
8065:
8064:
8062:
8060:
8041:
8035:
8034:
8032:
8030:
8009:
8003:
8002:
8000:
7998:
7987:Colombia Reports
7978:
7972:
7971:
7969:
7967:
7956:Colombia Reports
7947:
7941:
7940:
7938:
7936:
7917:
7911:
7910:
7908:
7906:
7900:
7887:
7879:
7870:
7869:
7854:
7848:
7847:
7845:
7843:
7832:Colombia Reports
7823:
7817:
7816:
7814:
7812:
7791:
7785:
7784:
7782:
7780:
7761:
7755:
7754:
7742:
7736:
7735:
7733:
7731:
7712:
7706:
7705:
7703:
7701:
7682:
7676:
7675:
7673:
7671:
7652:
7646:
7645:
7643:
7641:
7621:
7615:
7614:
7602:
7596:
7595:
7593:
7591:
7572:
7566:
7565:
7564:on 26 June 2009.
7550:
7544:
7543:
7541:
7539:
7519:
7510:
7509:
7507:
7505:
7500:. 13 August 2008
7498:Colombia Reports
7490:
7484:
7483:
7473:
7467:
7466:
7464:
7462:
7443:
7437:
7436:
7434:
7432:
7412:
7406:
7405:
7403:
7401:
7382:
7376:
7375:
7373:
7371:
7352:
7346:
7345:
7343:
7341:
7322:
7316:
7315:
7313:
7311:
7292:
7286:
7285:
7283:
7281:
7262:
7256:
7255:
7240:
7234:
7233:
7231:
7229:
7218:Colombia Reports
7210:
7204:
7203:
7201:
7199:
7188:Colombia Reports
7179:
7173:
7172:
7170:
7168:
7149:
7143:
7142:
7127:
7121:
7120:
7118:
7116:
7097:
7091:
7090:
7088:
7086:
7072:
7064:
7058:
7057:
7055:
7053:
7033:
7027:
7026:
7024:
7022:
6994:
6988:
6987:
6985:
6983:
6972:Colombia Reports
6963:
6957:
6956:
6954:
6952:
6943:. 7 March 2008.
6933:
6927:
6926:
6924:
6922:
6913:. 2 March 2008.
6903:
6897:
6896:
6894:
6892:
6872:
6859:
6858:
6856:
6854:
6845:. 20 July 2008.
6835:
6829:
6828:
6826:
6824:
6815:. 20 July 2008.
6805:
6799:
6798:
6796:
6794:
6773:
6767:
6766:
6764:
6762:
6741:
6735:
6734:
6732:
6730:
6711:
6705:
6704:
6702:
6700:
6679:
6673:
6672:
6670:
6668:
6649:
6643:
6642:
6640:
6638:
6623:
6617:
6616:
6614:
6612:
6607:on 23 March 2013
6593:
6584:
6583:
6581:
6579:
6560:
6551:
6550:
6548:
6546:
6527:
6518:
6517:
6502:
6496:
6495:
6493:
6491:
6472:
6466:
6465:
6463:
6461:
6442:
6433:
6432:
6420:
6411:
6410:
6408:
6406:
6387:
6381:
6380:
6378:
6376:
6371:on 27 March 2010
6355:
6349:
6348:
6346:
6344:
6335:. 28 June 2007.
6325:
6319:
6318:
6298:
6292:
6291:
6289:
6287:
6268:
6262:
6261:
6259:
6257:
6236:
6230:
6229:
6227:
6225:
6216:. Archived from
6204:
6198:
6197:
6195:
6193:
6173:
6167:
6166:
6164:
6162:
6151:
6145:
6144:
6142:
6140:
6124:
6118:
6117:
6115:
6113:
6092:
6086:
6085:
6077:
6071:
6070:
6068:
6066:
6047:
6041:
6040:
6038:
6036:
6017:
6011:
6010:
6008:
6000:
5994:
5993:
5991:
5989:
5969:
5963:
5962:
5960:
5958:
5949:. Archived from
5947:Colombia Journal
5938:
5932:
5931:
5929:
5927:
5906:
5900:
5899:
5897:
5895:
5876:
5870:
5869:
5867:
5865:
5859:
5848:
5840:
5834:
5833:
5831:
5829:
5809:
5803:
5802:
5782:
5776:
5775:
5773:
5771:
5752:
5746:
5745:
5743:
5741:
5722:
5711:
5710:
5708:
5706:
5690:
5684:
5683:
5681:
5679:
5659:
5653:
5652:
5650:
5648:
5643:on 25 March 2008
5639:. Archived from
5626:
5620:
5619:
5617:
5615:
5596:
5590:
5589:
5571:
5565:
5564:
5548:
5538:
5527:
5526:
5498:
5492:
5491:
5475:
5469:
5468:
5463:. Archived from
5456:
5447:
5446:
5444:
5433:
5425:
5419:
5418:
5407:
5401:
5400:
5398:
5396:
5377:
5371:
5370:
5368:
5366:
5346:
5340:
5339:
5337:
5335:
5316:
5310:
5309:
5307:
5305:
5285:
5279:
5278:
5269:
5263:
5262:
5256:
5246:
5240:
5239:
5231:
5225:
5224:
5204:
5193:
5192:
5174:
5165:
5164:
5144:
5133:
5132:
5112:
5101:
5100:
5084:
5074:
5068:
5067:
5059:
5053:
5052:
5032:
5026:
5025:
5009:
4999:
4993:
4992:
4976:
4966:
4960:
4959:
4957:
4955:
4936:
4927:
4926:
4910:
4900:
4894:
4890:
4884:
4883:
4865:
4859:
4858:
4852:
4850:
4845:on 30 March 2010
4841:. Archived from
4818:
4812:
4811:
4809:
4807:
4802:on 30 March 2010
4798:. Archived from
4775:
4764:
4763:
4745:
4736:
4735:
4717:
4711:
4710:
4702:
4696:
4695:
4677:
4671:
4670:
4652:
4643:
4642:
4634:
4628:
4627:
4599:
4593:
4592:
4576:
4566:
4560:
4559:
4547:
4537:
4531:
4530:
4514:
4504:
4498:
4497:
4481:
4471:
4465:
4464:
4446:
4440:
4439:
4423:
4413:
4407:
4406:
4390:
4380:
4374:
4373:
4357:
4347:
4341:
4340:
4322:
4316:
4315:
4299:
4289:
4283:
4278:
4272:
4271:
4269:
4267:
4248:
4242:
4241:
4239:
4237:
4218:
4212:
4211:
4209:
4207:
4188:
4179:
4178:
4176:
4174:
4151:
4142:
4141:
4139:
4137:
4128:. 16 July 2018.
4116:
4107:
4106:
4104:
4102:
4093:. 27 June 2017.
4083:
4077:
4076:
4074:
4072:
4052:
4043:
4042:
4040:
4038:
4017:
4008:
4007:
4005:
4003:
3984:
3978:
3977:
3975:
3973:
3958:
3952:
3951:
3949:
3947:
3925:
3919:
3918:
3916:
3914:
3893:
3887:
3886:
3876:
3852:
3846:
3845:
3843:
3841:
3823:
3813:
3789:
3783:
3782:
3780:
3778:
3772:
3766:. Archived from
3759:
3751:
3742:
3741:
3739:
3737:
3718:
3712:
3711:
3709:
3707:
3687:
3681:
3680:
3678:
3676:
3657:
3651:
3650:
3632:
3626:
3625:
3607:
3601:
3600:
3578:
3572:
3571:
3551:
3545:
3544:
3542:
3540:
3531:. Archived from
3519:
3513:
3512:
3510:
3508:
3489:
3483:
3482:
3480:
3478:
3463:
3457:
3456:
3444:
3438:
3437:
3435:
3433:
3411:
3400:
3399:
3397:
3395:
3389:
3374:
3364:
3353:
3352:
3345:
3339:
3338:
3336:
3334:
3315:
3309:
3308:
3306:
3304:
3293:Colombia Reports
3285:
3279:
3278:
3276:
3274:
3252:
3246:
3245:
3243:
3241:
3220:
3214:
3213:
3211:
3209:
3188:
3182:
3181:
3179:
3177:
3168:. 21 July 2013.
3158:
3152:
3151:
3149:
3147:
3127:
3121:
3120:
3118:
3116:
3105:Colombia Reports
3097:
3091:
3090:
3088:
3086:
3077:. Archived from
3075:Colombia Journal
3066:
3049:
3041:
3004:
2999:
2998:
2997:
2930:The FARC were a
2798:demilitarization
2783:Manuel Marulanda
2694:
2606:forced abortions
2501:Fernando Londoño
2496:
2478:
2421:Manuel Marulanda
2315:sustainable food
2093:to be approved.
1840:, also known as
1098:authoritarianism
1041:, Venezuela and
996:Jaime Pardo Leal
955:Union Patriótica
932:Union Patriótica
886:Creation of FARC
741:radical politics
697:
526:military tactics
522:anti-imperialism
499:Marxist–Leninist
449:
432:
431:
407:
406:
394:
393:
352:
350:
349:
332:
331:
330:
320:
319:
318:
308:
307:
306:
230:Marxism–Leninism
177:Incursions into
132:
96:Manuel Marulanda
51:
42:
41:
28:
27:
14891:
14890:
14886:
14885:
14884:
14882:
14881:
14880:
14871:Colombian Mafia
14766:
14765:
14764:
14759:
14745:
14719:
14714:
14700:
14695:
14674:
14672:
14661:
14659:
14648:
14646:
14635:
14633:
14615:
14613:
14604:
14599:
14590:
14585:
14570:
14561:National Police
14524:
14510:Fighters+Lovers
14488:Provisional IRA
14463:
14458:
14392:
14387:
14378:FARC dissidents
14344:
14333:
14325:
14323:
14322:
14321:
14302:
14295:
14293:
14280:
14273:
14271:
14241:
14234:
14232:
14199:
14192:
14155:
14124:
14088:
14045:
14009:
14003:
13973:
13968:
13954:Patriotic Union
13927:Characteristics
13922:
13895:Tanja Nijmeijer
13800:
13794:
13785:Pablo Catatumbo
13750:
13699:
13694:
13660:Wayback Machine
13644:
13598:Wayback Machine
13566:
13555:
13549:
13546:
13527:
13518:This article's
13514:
13510:
13503:
13490:
13488:
13480:
13406:
13396:
13377:
13346:
13327:
13306:
13287:
13255:
13236:
13217:
13196:
13175:
13156:
13135:
13127:. Pluto Press.
13119:
13114:
13112:Further reading
13109:
13108:
13103:. 5 March 2011.
13099:
13098:
13094:
13079:
13078:
13074:
13065:
13064:
13060:
13051:
13050:
13046:
13036:
13034:
13021:
13020:
13016:
13006:
13004:
12995:
12994:
12990:
12977:
12976:
12972:
12962:
12960:
12951:
12950:
12946:
12936:
12934:
12926:
12925:
12921:
12906:
12905:
12901:
12886:
12885:
12881:
12868:
12867:
12863:
12850:
12849:
12845:
12830:
12823:
12816:
12802:
12798:
12788:
12786:
12771:
12770:
12763:
12756:
12742:
12735:
12725:
12723:
12714:
12713:
12709:
12702:
12676:
12672:
12662:
12660:
12647:
12646:
12642:
12632:
12630:
12615:
12611:
12601:
12599:
12589:
12585:
12575:
12573:
12558:
12554:
12544:
12542:
12533:
12532:
12528:
12521:
12505:
12498:
12491:
12474:
12468:
12464:
12457:
12443:
12436:
12423:
12421:
12412:
12411:
12407:
12392:
12388:
12378:
12376:
12369:
12365:
12364:
12357:
12347:
12345:
12330:
12326:
12316:
12314:
12303:
12302:
12298:
12288:
12286:
12277:
12276:
12272:
12255:
12254:
12250:
12234:
12233:
12226:
12224:
12215:
12214:
12210:
12200:
12198:
12185:
12184:
12180:
12170:
12168:
12155:
12154:
12150:
12140:
12138:
12123:
12122:
12118:
12108:
12106:
12093:
12092:
12088:
12078:
12076:
12061:
12057:
12047:
12045:
12044:on 23 July 2011
12030:
12023:
12013:
12011:
11996:
11992:
11982:
11980:
11965:
11964:
11960:
11948:
11947:
11938:
11937:
11930:
11928:
11918:
11914:
11904:
11902:
11887:
11883:
11871:
11870:
11861:
11860:
11854:
11852:
11839:
11835:
11825:
11823:
11808:
11804:
11794:
11792:
11777:
11773:
11763:
11761:
11746:
11742:
11732:
11730:
11729:on 20 July 2011
11717:
11716:
11712:
11702:
11700:
11695:. p. A16.
11685:
11681:
11671:
11669:
11656:
11655:
11648:
11638:
11636:
11631:. August 2001.
11621:
11620:
11611:
11606:on 6 June 2013.
11591:
11590:
11581:
11571:
11569:
11565:
11554:
11550:
11549:
11545:
11535:
11533:
11520:
11519:
11515:
11505:
11503:
11488:
11487:
11483:
11473:
11471:
11462:
11461:
11457:
11447:
11445:
11436:
11435:
11431:
11418:
11417:
11413:
11403:
11401:
11386:
11385:
11381:
11371:
11369:
11354:
11353:
11349:
11339:
11337:
11324:
11323:
11314:
11297:
11296:
11292:
11282:
11280:
11267:
11266:
11262:
11252:
11250:
11237:
11236:
11232:
11219:
11218:
11214:
11204:
11202:
11189:
11188:
11184:
11163:
11159:
11149:
11147:
11132:
11131:
11127:
11114:
11113:
11106:
11096:
11094:
11079:
11078:
11071:
11052:
11051:
11044:
11034:
11032:
11031:on 9 March 2016
11014:
11003:
10993:
10991:
10978:
10977:
10973:
10963:
10961:
10957:
10946:
10942:
10941:
10937:
10927:
10925:
10912:
10911:
10907:
10897:
10895:
10881:
10877:
10867:
10865:
10864:. 18 March 2002
10856:
10855:
10851:
10841:
10839:
10838:on 28 July 2020
10824:
10823:
10819:
10809:
10807:
10792:
10791:
10787:
10777:
10775:
10760:
10759:
10755:
10745:
10743:
10728:
10724:
10717:
10695:
10686:
10675:
10671:
10664:
10642:
10638:
10628:
10626:
10622:
10609:
10605:
10604:
10595:
10581:
10579:
10575:
10562:
10558:
10557:
10553:
10546:
10524:
10520:
10513:
10497:
10490:
10483:
10467:
10458:
10451:
10435:
10428:
10418:
10416:
10401:
10397:
10387:
10385:
10380:. 6 July 2010.
10370:
10369:
10362:
10355:
10339:
10326:
10316:
10314:
10307:The Independent
10301:
10300:
10293:
10283:
10281:
10266:
10262:
10252:
10250:
10241:
10240:
10236:
10226:
10224:
10209:
10208:
10204:
10194:
10192:
10179:
10178:
10174:
10164:
10162:
10147:
10146:
10137:
10127:
10125:
10100:
10096:
10082:Financial Times
10075:
10074:
10065:
10055:
10053:
10040:
10039:
10028:
10013:
10012:
10008:
9998:
9996:
9983:
9982:
9978:
9968:
9966:
9955:
9951:
9941:
9939:
9924:
9920:
9910:
9908:
9895:
9894:
9890:
9880:
9878:
9865:
9864:
9860:
9850:
9848:
9835:
9834:
9830:
9820:
9818:
9805:
9804:
9800:
9790:
9788:
9775:
9774:
9770:
9760:
9758:
9743:
9742:
9735:
9725:
9723:
9708:
9704:
9694:
9692:
9682:
9678:
9668:
9666:
9651:
9647:
9637:
9635:
9618:
9614:
9604:
9602:
9592:
9588:
9578:
9576:
9571:. 8 July 2015.
9563:
9562:
9558:
9548:
9546:
9531:
9530:
9526:
9516:
9514:
9509:. 16 May 2014.
9501:
9500:
9496:
9486:
9484:
9474:
9470:
9460:
9458:
9445:
9444:
9437:
9427:
9425:
9412:
9411:
9407:
9397:
9395:
9394:on 17 July 2013
9380:
9376:
9366:
9364:
9363:on 23 July 2013
9349:
9348:
9344:
9334:
9332:
9327:. 27 May 2013.
9319:
9318:
9314:
9304:
9302:
9289:
9288:
9284:
9274:
9272:
9259:
9258:
9254:
9244:
9242:
9229:
9228:
9224:
9214:
9212:
9199:
9198:
9194:
9184:
9182:
9169:
9168:
9164:
9154:
9152:
9139:
9138:
9134:
9124:
9122:
9109:
9108:
9104:
9094:
9092:
9079:
9078:
9074:
9064:
9062:
9049:
9048:
9044:
9034:
9032:
9019:
9018:
9014:
9004:
9002:
8993:
8992:
8988:
8978:
8976:
8963:
8962:
8955:
8945:
8943:
8930:
8929:
8925:
8915:
8913:
8900:
8899:
8895:
8885:
8883:
8870:
8869:
8865:
8855:
8853:
8838:
8834:
8824:
8822:
8807:
8800:
8790:
8788:
8780:
8779:
8775:
8765:
8763:
8750:
8749:
8745:
8735:
8733:
8732:on 6 April 2012
8718:
8714:
8704:
8702:
8693:
8692:
8688:
8678:
8676:
8663:
8662:
8658:
8648:
8646:
8631:
8627:
8617:
8615:
8604:
8600:
8587:
8586:
8582:
8577:on 11 May 2013.
8565:
8564:
8560:
8550:
8548:
8535:
8534:
8530:
8520:
8518:
8505:
8504:
8500:
8490:
8488:
8473:
8469:
8459:
8457:
8449:
8445:
8444:
8440:
8430:
8428:
8427:on 16 July 2011
8411:
8407:
8397:
8395:
8382:
8381:
8377:
8367:
8365:
8352:
8351:
8347:
8337:
8335:
8322:
8321:
8317:
8307:
8305:
8292:
8291:
8287:
8277:
8275:
8262:
8261:
8257:
8247:
8245:
8232:
8231:
8227:
8217:
8215:
8202:
8201:
8197:
8187:
8185:
8172:
8171:
8167:
8157:
8155:
8138:
8131:
8121:
8119:
8104:
8103:
8099:
8089:
8087:
8072:
8068:
8058:
8056:
8043:
8042:
8038:
8028:
8026:
8011:
8010:
8006:
7996:
7994:
7979:
7975:
7965:
7963:
7948:
7944:
7934:
7932:
7919:
7918:
7914:
7904:
7902:
7898:
7885:
7881:
7880:
7873:
7856:
7855:
7851:
7841:
7839:
7824:
7820:
7810:
7808:
7793:
7792:
7788:
7778:
7776:
7763:
7762:
7758:
7743:
7739:
7729:
7727:
7714:
7713:
7709:
7699:
7697:
7684:
7683:
7679:
7669:
7667:
7654:
7653:
7649:
7639:
7637:
7622:
7618:
7603:
7599:
7589:
7587:
7586:on 28 July 2011
7574:
7573:
7569:
7552:
7551:
7547:
7537:
7535:
7520:
7513:
7503:
7501:
7492:
7491:
7487:
7474:
7470:
7460:
7458:
7445:
7444:
7440:
7430:
7428:
7413:
7409:
7399:
7397:
7384:
7383:
7379:
7369:
7367:
7354:
7353:
7349:
7339:
7337:
7324:
7323:
7319:
7309:
7307:
7294:
7293:
7289:
7279:
7277:
7264:
7263:
7259:
7242:
7241:
7237:
7227:
7225:
7220:. 27 May 2008.
7212:
7211:
7207:
7197:
7195:
7180:
7176:
7166:
7164:
7151:
7150:
7146:
7129:
7128:
7124:
7114:
7112:
7111:on 11 June 2008
7099:
7098:
7094:
7084:
7082:
7065:
7061:
7051:
7049:
7034:
7030:
7020:
7018:
6995:
6991:
6981:
6979:
6964:
6960:
6950:
6948:
6935:
6934:
6930:
6920:
6918:
6905:
6904:
6900:
6890:
6888:
6873:
6862:
6852:
6850:
6837:
6836:
6832:
6822:
6820:
6807:
6806:
6802:
6792:
6790:
6789:on 8 April 2008
6775:
6774:
6770:
6760:
6758:
6743:
6742:
6738:
6728:
6726:
6713:
6712:
6708:
6698:
6696:
6681:
6680:
6676:
6666:
6664:
6651:
6650:
6646:
6636:
6634:
6625:
6624:
6620:
6610:
6608:
6595:
6594:
6587:
6577:
6575:
6562:
6561:
6554:
6544:
6542:
6529:
6528:
6521:
6504:
6503:
6499:
6489:
6487:
6474:
6473:
6469:
6459:
6457:
6456:on 29 June 2011
6444:
6443:
6436:
6421:
6414:
6404:
6402:
6389:
6388:
6384:
6374:
6372:
6357:
6356:
6352:
6342:
6340:
6327:
6326:
6322:
6315:
6299:
6295:
6285:
6283:
6270:
6269:
6265:
6255:
6253:
6238:
6237:
6233:
6223:
6221:
6206:
6205:
6201:
6191:
6189:
6174:
6170:
6160:
6158:
6153:
6152:
6148:
6138:
6136:
6125:
6121:
6111:
6109:
6108:on 14 June 2006
6094:
6093:
6089:
6082:Chicago Tribune
6078:
6074:
6064:
6062:
6061:on 5 March 2006
6049:
6048:
6044:
6034:
6032:
6019:
6018:
6014:
6006:
6002:
6001:
5997:
5987:
5985:
5970:
5966:
5956:
5954:
5939:
5935:
5925:
5923:
5908:
5907:
5903:
5893:
5891:
5878:
5877:
5873:
5863:
5861:
5857:
5846:
5842:
5841:
5837:
5827:
5825:
5810:
5806:
5799:
5783:
5779:
5769:
5767:
5762:. 3 July 2008.
5754:
5753:
5749:
5739:
5737:
5724:
5723:
5714:
5704:
5702:
5691:
5687:
5677:
5675:
5660:
5656:
5646:
5644:
5636:National Review
5627:
5623:
5613:
5611:
5598:
5597:
5593:
5586:
5572:
5568:
5561:
5539:
5530:
5499:
5495:
5484:Aportes Andinos
5476:
5472:
5457:
5450:
5442:
5431:
5427:
5426:
5422:
5409:
5408:
5404:
5394:
5392:
5379:
5378:
5374:
5364:
5362:
5347:
5343:
5333:
5331:
5318:
5317:
5313:
5303:
5301:
5286:
5282:
5270:
5266:
5247:
5243:
5232:
5228:
5221:
5205:
5196:
5189:
5175:
5168:
5161:
5145:
5136:
5129:
5113:
5104:
5097:
5075:
5071:
5060:
5056:
5049:
5033:
5029:
5022:
5000:
4996:
4989:
4967:
4963:
4953:
4951:
4938:
4937:
4930:
4923:
4901:
4897:
4891:
4887:
4880:
4866:
4862:
4848:
4846:
4819:
4815:
4805:
4803:
4776:
4767:
4760:
4746:
4739:
4732:
4718:
4714:
4703:
4699:
4692:
4678:
4674:
4667:
4653:
4646:
4635:
4631:
4600:
4596:
4589:
4567:
4563:
4556:
4538:
4534:
4527:
4505:
4501:
4494:
4472:
4468:
4461:
4447:
4443:
4436:
4414:
4410:
4403:
4381:
4377:
4370:
4348:
4344:
4337:
4323:
4319:
4312:
4290:
4286:
4279:
4275:
4265:
4263:
4250:
4249:
4245:
4235:
4233:
4220:
4219:
4215:
4205:
4203:
4190:
4189:
4182:
4172:
4170:
4152:
4145:
4135:
4133:
4118:
4117:
4110:
4100:
4098:
4085:
4084:
4080:
4070:
4068:
4053:
4046:
4036:
4034:
4019:
4018:
4011:
4001:
3999:
3986:
3985:
3981:
3971:
3969:
3959:
3955:
3945:
3943:
3926:
3922:
3912:
3910:
3895:
3894:
3890:
3853:
3849:
3839:
3837:
3790:
3786:
3776:
3774:
3770:
3757:
3753:
3752:
3745:
3735:
3733:
3720:
3719:
3715:
3705:
3703:
3688:
3684:
3674:
3672:
3667:. 11 May 2015.
3659:
3658:
3654:
3647:
3633:
3629:
3622:
3608:
3604:
3579:
3575:
3568:
3552:
3548:
3538:
3536:
3535:on 12 July 2014
3521:
3520:
3516:
3506:
3504:
3491:
3490:
3486:
3476:
3474:
3465:
3464:
3460:
3445:
3441:
3431:
3429:
3412:
3403:
3393:
3391:
3387:
3372:
3366:
3365:
3356:
3347:
3346:
3342:
3332:
3330:
3317:
3316:
3312:
3302:
3300:
3287:
3286:
3282:
3272:
3270:
3253:
3249:
3239:
3237:
3222:
3221:
3217:
3207:
3205:
3190:
3189:
3185:
3175:
3173:
3160:
3159:
3155:
3145:
3143:
3128:
3124:
3114:
3112:
3107:. 19 May 2010.
3099:
3098:
3094:
3084:
3082:
3067:
3063:
3058:
3053:
3052:
3042:
3038:
3033:
3002:Colombia portal
3000:
2995:
2993:
2990:
2928:
2887:FARC dissidents
2871:
2869:FARC dissidents
2818:
2810:Patriotic Union
2761:– 2+ guerrillas
2688:
2674:
2668:
2662:
2618:
2602:
2564:
2524:
2507:
2506:
2505:
2504:
2503:
2497:
2488:
2487:
2486:
2479:
2468:
2381:
2375:
2319:agrarian reform
2282:
2276:
2267:
2254:
2242:
2211:FARC dissidents
2207:Rodrigo Londoño
2190:
2166:
2161:
2075:
1901:
1895:
1856:Valle del Cauca
1776:
1770:
1765:
1721:Sigifredo López
1713:
1645:Operation Jaque
1634:
1562:
1556:
1520:
1439:
1422:
1416:
1401:Fernando Araújo
1360:Pradera in the
1250:
1245:
1174:
1147:Andrés Pastrana
1143:
1129:
1120:
1072:Thomas Hargrove
1008:
972:nationalization
935:
916:
910:
905:
888:
800:
794:
789:
757:Lauchlin Currie
749:
699:
691:
682:"There is more
678:
670:Main articles:
668:
660:
650:
644:
628:FARC dissidents
502:guerrilla group
475:
474:
473:
469:FARC dissidents
459:
426:
401:
388:
356:
347:
345:
334:Provisional IRA
328:
326:
316:
314:
304:
302:
259:
198:
176:
163:
142:FARC dissidents
130:
125:
81:Pablo Catatumbo
54:
36:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
14889:
14879:
14878:
14873:
14868:
14863:
14858:
14853:
14848:
14843:
14838:
14833:
14828:
14823:
14818:
14813:
14808:
14803:
14798:
14793:
14788:
14783:
14778:
14761:
14760:
14756:
14755:
14754:
14753:
14748:
14744:Some Colombian
14741:
14736:
14731:
14726:
14713:
14712:
14707:
14694:
14693:
14688:
14683:
14681:Águilas Negras
14676:
14671:
14670:
14657:
14644:
14642:European Union
14631:
14630:
14629:
14622:United Nations
14611:
14598:
14597:
14584:
14583:
14582:
14581:
14576:
14565:
14564:
14563:
14558:
14557:
14556:
14546:
14541:
14527:
14525:
14523:
14522:
14517:
14512:
14507:
14502:
14497:
14496:
14495:
14493:Colombia Three
14485:
14480:
14475:
14470:
14457:
14456:
14451:
14441:
14431:
14421:
14411:
14410:
14409:
14386:
14385:
14380:
14370:
14360:
14349:
14346:
14345:
14342:Paramilitaries
14339:
14334:
14327:
14326:
14319:
14318:
14313:
14308:
14294:
14292:
14291:
14286:
14272:
14270:
14269:
14264:
14262:Narcoterrorism
14259:
14258:
14257:
14247:
14233:
14231:
14230:
14225:
14220:
14215:
14210:
14205:
14191:
14190:
14188:
14187:
14186:
14181:
14176:
14171:
14166:
14161:
14156:
14150:
14145:
14140:
14135:
14130:
14125:
14119:
14114:
14109:
14104:
14099:
14094:
14089:
14083:
14078:
14073:
14068:
14063:
14058:
14053:
14046:
14042:
14039:
14038:
14033:
14026:
14020:
14019:
14014:
14011:
14010:
14008:(1964–present)
14002:
14001:
13994:
13987:
13979:
13970:
13969:
13967:
13966:
13961:
13956:
13951:
13946:
13941:
13936:
13930:
13928:
13924:
13923:
13921:
13920:
13914:
13912:Fabian Ramirez
13909:
13903:
13897:
13892:
13887:
13885:Marcos Calarcá
13882:
13876:
13874:Rodrigo Granda
13871:
13865:
13859:
13853:
13847:
13841:
13835:
13829:
13823:
13820:Simón Trinidad
13817:
13811:
13804:
13802:
13796:
13795:
13793:
13792:
13787:
13782:
13777:
13772:
13767:
13760:
13758:
13752:
13751:
13749:
13748:
13743:
13738:
13736:Caribbean Bloc
13733:
13728:
13723:
13718:
13713:
13707:
13705:
13701:
13700:
13693:
13692:
13685:
13678:
13670:
13664:
13663:
13650:
13643:
13640:
13639:
13638:
13632:
13622:
13616:
13610:
13601:
13588:
13582:
13576:
13568:
13567:
13522:external links
13517:
13515:
13508:
13502:
13501:External links
13499:
13498:
13497:
13473:
13452:
13422:(4): 167–203.
13405:
13402:
13401:
13400:
13394:
13381:
13375:
13360:
13350:
13344:
13331:
13325:
13310:
13304:
13291:
13285:
13272:
13259:
13253:
13240:
13234:
13221:
13215:
13200:
13194:
13179:
13173:
13160:
13154:
13139:
13133:
13118:
13115:
13113:
13110:
13107:
13106:
13092:
13072:
13058:
13044:
13014:
12988:
12970:
12944:
12919:
12899:
12879:
12861:
12843:
12821:
12814:
12796:
12761:
12754:
12733:
12707:
12700:
12670:
12640:
12625:(in Spanish).
12609:
12583:
12552:
12526:
12519:
12496:
12489:
12462:
12455:
12434:
12405:
12386:
12355:
12324:
12296:
12270:
12248:
12208:
12178:
12148:
12116:
12086:
12075:on 9 July 2012
12055:
12021:
11990:
11979:on 23 May 2012
11958:
11912:
11897:(in Spanish).
11881:
11833:
11802:
11785:Foreign Policy
11771:
11754:Foreign Policy
11740:
11710:
11679:
11646:
11609:
11579:
11543:
11513:
11481:
11455:
11429:
11426:. 6 July 2008.
11411:
11379:
11347:
11312:
11290:
11260:
11230:
11212:
11182:
11157:
11125:
11104:
11069:
11042:
11001:
10971:
10935:
10905:
10875:
10849:
10817:
10806:on 23 May 2006
10785:
10774:on 29 May 2007
10753:
10722:
10715:
10684:
10669:
10662:
10636:
10593:
10551:
10544:
10518:
10511:
10488:
10481:
10456:
10449:
10426:
10395:
10360:
10353:
10324:
10291:
10274:news.yahoo.com
10260:
10234:
10202:
10172:
10135:
10094:
10063:
10026:
10006:
9976:
9949:
9918:
9888:
9858:
9828:
9798:
9768:
9733:
9702:
9676:
9645:
9612:
9586:
9556:
9524:
9494:
9468:
9435:
9424:on 12 May 2014
9405:
9374:
9342:
9312:
9282:
9252:
9222:
9192:
9162:
9132:
9102:
9072:
9042:
9012:
8986:
8953:
8923:
8893:
8863:
8832:
8798:
8773:
8743:
8712:
8701:. 2 April 2012
8686:
8656:
8625:
8598:
8580:
8558:
8528:
8498:
8467:
8454:Nuevo Arcoiris
8438:
8405:
8375:
8345:
8315:
8285:
8255:
8225:
8195:
8165:
8150:(in Spanish).
8129:
8097:
8080:Foreign Policy
8066:
8036:
8004:
7973:
7942:
7912:
7871:
7849:
7818:
7786:
7756:
7737:
7707:
7677:
7647:
7616:
7597:
7567:
7545:
7511:
7485:
7468:
7438:
7407:
7396:on 4 July 2008
7377:
7347:
7317:
7287:
7257:
7235:
7205:
7174:
7144:
7122:
7092:
7059:
7036:Priest, Dana.
7028:
6989:
6958:
6928:
6898:
6860:
6830:
6800:
6782:Revista Semana
6768:
6736:
6706:
6674:
6644:
6618:
6585:
6568:BushCenter.org
6552:
6519:
6497:
6467:
6434:
6412:
6395:The China Post
6382:
6350:
6320:
6313:
6293:
6263:
6231:
6199:
6168:
6146:
6119:
6087:
6072:
6042:
6012:
5995:
5964:
5953:on 24 May 2013
5933:
5910:"Habla 'Cano'"
5901:
5871:
5835:
5804:
5797:
5777:
5747:
5712:
5685:
5654:
5621:
5591:
5584:
5566:
5559:
5528:
5509:(1): 169–184.
5493:
5470:
5448:
5436:Nueva Sociedad
5420:
5402:
5372:
5341:
5311:
5280:
5264:
5241:
5226:
5219:
5194:
5187:
5166:
5159:
5134:
5127:
5102:
5095:
5069:
5054:
5047:
5027:
5020:
4994:
4987:
4961:
4928:
4921:
4895:
4885:
4878:
4860:
4833:(3): 304–327.
4813:
4790:(3): 304–327.
4765:
4758:
4737:
4730:
4712:
4697:
4690:
4672:
4665:
4644:
4629:
4594:
4587:
4561:
4554:
4532:
4525:
4499:
4492:
4466:
4459:
4441:
4434:
4408:
4401:
4375:
4368:
4342:
4335:
4317:
4310:
4284:
4273:
4243:
4213:
4180:
4143:
4108:
4078:
4044:
4009:
3979:
3953:
3920:
3888:
3867:(1): 201–236.
3847:
3804:(4): 167–203.
3784:
3743:
3713:
3682:
3652:
3645:
3627:
3620:
3602:
3591:(2): 275–287.
3573:
3566:
3546:
3514:
3484:
3458:
3439:
3401:
3354:
3340:
3325:(in Spanish).
3310:
3280:
3265:(in Spanish).
3247:
3215:
3183:
3153:
3122:
3092:
3060:
3059:
3057:
3054:
3051:
3050:
3035:
3034:
3032:
3029:
3028:
3027:
3022:
3017:
3012:
3006:
3005:
2989:
2986:
2951:European Union
2927:
2924:
2905:Amazonas state
2900:Clan del Golfo
2879:Putumayo, Peru
2870:
2867:
2817:
2814:
2775:
2774:
2768:
2762:
2756:
2755:– 2+ companies
2750:
2744:
2738:
2732:
2711:military units
2667:
2664:
2638:United Nations
2617:
2614:
2601:
2598:
2563:
2560:
2523:
2520:
2498:
2491:
2490:
2489:
2480:
2473:
2472:
2471:
2470:
2469:
2467:
2464:
2405:Simón Trinidad
2377:Main article:
2374:
2371:
2330:Simon Trinidad
2278:Main article:
2275:
2272:
2266:
2263:
2253:
2250:
2241:
2238:
2230:Jesús Santrich
2223:Nicolás Maduro
2189:
2186:
2165:
2162:
2160:
2157:
2129:United Nations
2074:
2071:
1894:
1891:
1769:
1766:
1764:
1761:
1725:Piedad Córdoba
1712:
1709:
1665:Keith Stansell
1657:Marc Gonsalves
1633:
1630:
1558:Main article:
1555:
1552:
1519:
1516:
1483:Gloria Polanco
1438:
1435:
1418:Main article:
1415:
1412:
1374:Simón Trinidad
1249:
1246:
1244:
1241:
1203:Colombia Three
1173:
1170:
1158:Colombia Three
1139:Main article:
1128:
1125:
1119:
1116:
1050:Nobel laureate
1007:
1004:
934:
930:Agreement and
925:
912:Main article:
909:
906:
904:
901:
887:
884:
796:Main article:
793:
790:
788:
785:
748:
745:
729:National Front
687:suppress it."
679:
667:
661:
646:Main article:
643:
640:
620:United Nations
545:illegal mining
477:
476:
472:
471:
466:
460:
455:
454:
451:
450:
443:
439:
438:
437:
436:
422:
415:
414:
413:
412:
399:
380:
379:
374:
364:
360:
359:
358:
357:
337:
336:
324:
312:
295:
291:
290:
285:
281:
280:
277:
273:
272:
267:
261:
260:
258:
257:
252:
247:
242:
237:
232:
227:
221:
219:
213:
212:
169:
165:
164:
162:
161:
158:
154:
152:
148:
147:
146:
145:
139:
133:
127:
126:
124:
123:
118:
113:
108:
103:
98:
93:
88:
83:
78:
73:
68:
62:
60:
56:
55:
52:
44:
43:
33:
32:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
14888:
14877:
14874:
14872:
14869:
14867:
14864:
14862:
14859:
14857:
14854:
14852:
14849:
14847:
14844:
14842:
14839:
14837:
14834:
14832:
14829:
14827:
14824:
14822:
14819:
14817:
14814:
14812:
14809:
14807:
14804:
14802:
14799:
14797:
14794:
14792:
14789:
14787:
14784:
14782:
14779:
14777:
14774:
14773:
14771:
14752:
14749:
14747:
14742:
14740:
14737:
14735:
14732:
14730:
14727:
14725:
14724:Spearhead Ltd
14722:
14721:
14720:
14718:
14711:
14708:
14706:
14703:
14702:
14701:
14699:
14692:
14689:
14687:
14686:Los Rastrojos
14684:
14682:
14679:
14678:
14675:
14669:
14658:
14656:
14655:United States
14645:
14643:
14632:
14628:
14625:
14624:
14623:
14612:
14610:
14607:
14606:
14605:
14603:
14596:
14593:
14592:
14591:
14589:
14580:
14577:
14575:
14572:
14571:
14569:
14566:
14562:
14559:
14555:
14552:
14551:
14550:
14547:
14545:
14542:
14540:
14539:National Army
14537:
14536:
14535:
14533:
14529:
14528:
14521:
14518:
14516:
14513:
14511:
14508:
14506:
14503:
14501:
14498:
14494:
14491:
14490:
14489:
14486:
14484:
14481:
14479:
14478:PC de C (M-L)
14476:
14474:
14471:
14469:
14466:
14465:
14464:
14462:
14455:
14452:
14450:
14446:
14442:
14440:
14436:
14432:
14430:
14426:
14422:
14420:
14416:
14412:
14408:
14405:
14404:
14403:
14399:
14395:
14394:
14393:
14391:
14384:
14381:
14379:
14375:
14371:
14369:
14365:
14361:
14359:
14355:
14351:
14350:
14347:
14343:
14340:
14338:
14335:
14332:
14328:
14324:
14317:
14314:
14312:
14309:
14307:
14304:
14303:
14299:
14290:
14287:
14285:
14282:
14281:
14277:
14268:
14265:
14263:
14260:
14256:
14253:
14252:
14251:
14248:
14246:
14243:
14242:
14238:
14229:
14226:
14224:
14221:
14219:
14216:
14214:
14213:Plan Patriota
14211:
14209:
14208:Plan Colombia
14206:
14204:
14201:
14200:
14196:
14185:
14182:
14180:
14177:
14175:
14172:
14170:
14167:
14165:
14162:
14160:
14157:
14154:
14151:
14149:
14146:
14144:
14141:
14139:
14136:
14134:
14131:
14129:
14126:
14123:
14120:
14118:
14115:
14113:
14110:
14108:
14105:
14103:
14100:
14098:
14097:El Caguán DMZ
14095:
14093:
14090:
14087:
14084:
14082:
14079:
14077:
14074:
14072:
14069:
14067:
14064:
14062:
14059:
14057:
14054:
14052:
14049:
14048:
14044:
14040:
14037:
14034:
14032:
14031:
14025:
14024:Participants
14021:
14017:
14012:
14007:
14000:
13995:
13993:
13988:
13986:
13981:
13980:
13977:
13965:
13962:
13960:
13957:
13955:
13952:
13950:
13947:
13945:
13942:
13940:
13937:
13935:
13932:
13931:
13929:
13925:
13918:
13915:
13913:
13910:
13907:
13904:
13902:(surrendered)
13901:
13898:
13896:
13893:
13891:
13888:
13886:
13883:
13880:
13877:
13875:
13872:
13869:
13866:
13863:
13860:
13857:
13854:
13851:
13848:
13845:
13844:Efraín Guzmán
13842:
13839:
13836:
13833:
13830:
13827:
13824:
13821:
13818:
13815:
13814:Jacobo Arenas
13812:
13809:
13806:
13805:
13803:
13797:
13791:
13788:
13786:
13783:
13781:
13778:
13776:
13775:Joaquín Gómez
13773:
13771:
13768:
13765:
13762:
13761:
13759:
13757:
13753:
13747:
13744:
13742:
13739:
13737:
13734:
13732:
13729:
13727:
13724:
13722:
13721:Southern Bloc
13719:
13717:
13714:
13712:
13709:
13708:
13706:
13702:
13698:
13691:
13686:
13684:
13679:
13677:
13672:
13671:
13668:
13661:
13657:
13654:
13651:
13649:
13646:
13645:
13636:
13633:
13630:
13629:The Alligator
13626:
13623:
13620:
13617:
13614:
13611:
13609:
13605:
13602:
13599:
13595:
13592:
13589:
13586:
13583:
13580:
13577:
13575:
13572:
13571:
13564:
13561:
13553:
13543:
13539:
13538:inappropriate
13535:
13531:
13525:
13523:
13516:
13507:
13506:
13486:
13479:
13474:
13470:
13466:
13462:
13458:
13453:
13449:
13445:
13440:
13435:
13430:
13425:
13421:
13417:
13413:
13408:
13407:
13397:
13391:
13387:
13382:
13378:
13372:
13368:
13367:
13361:
13358:
13354:
13351:
13347:
13345:0-7146-4090-5
13341:
13338:. Routledge.
13337:
13332:
13328:
13322:
13318:
13317:
13311:
13307:
13301:
13297:
13292:
13288:
13286:0-88738-229-0
13282:
13278:
13273:
13269:
13265:
13260:
13256:
13250:
13246:
13241:
13237:
13235:0-8133-1071-7
13231:
13227:
13222:
13218:
13212:
13208:
13207:
13201:
13197:
13191:
13188:. Routledge.
13187:
13186:
13180:
13176:
13170:
13166:
13161:
13157:
13151:
13147:
13146:
13140:
13136:
13130:
13126:
13121:
13120:
13102:
13096:
13088:
13083:
13076:
13068:
13062:
13054:
13048:
13033:on 2 May 2013
13032:
13028:
13024:
13018:
13002:
12998:
12992:
12984:
12980:
12974:
12958:
12954:
12948:
12933:
12929:
12923:
12915:
12914:
12909:
12903:
12895:
12894:
12889:
12883:
12875:
12871:
12865:
12857:
12856:El Espectador
12853:
12847:
12840:(in Spanish).
12839:
12835:
12828:
12826:
12817:
12811:
12807:
12800:
12784:
12780:
12779:
12774:
12768:
12766:
12757:
12751:
12747:
12740:
12738:
12721:
12717:
12711:
12703:
12697:
12693:
12689:
12684:
12683:
12674:
12658:
12654:
12650:
12649:"Who are we?"
12644:
12628:
12624:
12620:
12613:
12598:
12594:
12587:
12571:
12567:
12563:
12556:
12540:
12536:
12530:
12522:
12516:
12512:
12511:
12503:
12501:
12492:
12486:
12482:
12481:
12473:
12466:
12458:
12452:
12448:
12441:
12439:
12431:
12419:
12415:
12409:
12402:(in Spanish).
12401:
12397:
12390:
12375:
12368:
12362:
12360:
12343:
12339:
12335:
12328:
12312:
12311:
12306:
12300:
12284:
12280:
12274:
12266:
12262:
12258:
12252:
12244:
12238:
12222:
12218:
12212:
12196:
12192:
12188:
12182:
12167:on 2 May 2013
12166:
12162:
12158:
12152:
12136:
12132:
12131:
12126:
12120:
12104:
12100:
12096:
12090:
12074:
12070:
12066:
12059:
12043:
12039:
12035:
12028:
12026:
12009:
12005:
12001:
11994:
11978:
11974:
11973:
11968:
11962:
11954:
11942:
11927:
11923:
11916:
11900:
11896:
11892:
11885:
11877:
11865:
11850:
11846:
11845:
11837:
11821:
11817:
11813:
11806:
11790:
11786:
11782:
11775:
11759:
11755:
11751:
11744:
11728:
11724:
11720:
11714:
11698:
11694:
11690:
11683:
11667:
11663:
11659:
11653:
11651:
11634:
11630:
11629:
11624:
11618:
11616:
11614:
11605:
11601:
11599:
11594:
11588:
11586:
11584:
11564:
11560:
11553:
11547:
11531:
11527:
11523:
11517:
11501:
11497:
11496:
11491:
11485:
11469:
11465:
11459:
11443:
11439:
11433:
11425:
11421:
11415:
11399:
11395:
11394:
11389:
11383:
11367:
11363:
11362:
11357:
11351:
11335:
11331:
11330:The Economist
11327:
11321:
11319:
11317:
11308:
11304:
11300:
11294:
11278:
11274:
11270:
11264:
11248:
11244:
11240:
11234:
11226:
11222:
11216:
11200:
11196:
11192:
11186:
11178:
11174:
11169:
11161:
11145:
11141:
11140:
11135:
11129:
11122:. 5 May 2001.
11121:
11117:
11111:
11109:
11092:
11088:
11087:
11082:
11076:
11074:
11065:
11061:
11060:
11055:
11049:
11047:
11030:
11026:
11024:
11019:
11012:
11010:
11008:
11006:
10989:
10985:
10981:
10975:
10956:
10952:
10945:
10939:
10923:
10919:
10915:
10909:
10893:
10889:
10886:
10879:
10863:
10859:
10853:
10837:
10833:
10832:
10827:
10821:
10805:
10801:
10800:
10795:
10789:
10773:
10769:
10768:
10763:
10757:
10741:
10737:
10733:
10726:
10718:
10712:
10708:
10703:
10702:
10693:
10691:
10689:
10680:
10673:
10665:
10659:
10655:
10650:
10649:
10640:
10621:
10618:. June 1994.
10617:
10616:
10608:
10602:
10600:
10598:
10589:
10574:
10570:
10569:
10561:
10555:
10547:
10541:
10537:
10532:
10531:
10522:
10514:
10508:
10504:
10503:
10495:
10493:
10484:
10478:
10474:
10473:
10465:
10463:
10461:
10452:
10446:
10442:
10441:
10433:
10431:
10414:
10410:
10406:
10399:
10383:
10379:
10378:
10373:
10367:
10365:
10356:
10350:
10346:
10345:
10337:
10335:
10333:
10331:
10329:
10312:
10308:
10304:
10298:
10296:
10279:
10275:
10271:
10264:
10248:
10244:
10238:
10222:
10218:
10217:
10216:La Vanguardia
10212:
10206:
10190:
10186:
10182:
10176:
10160:
10156:
10155:
10150:
10144:
10142:
10140:
10123:
10119:
10115:
10111:
10106:
10098:
10089:
10084:
10083:
10078:
10072:
10070:
10068:
10051:
10047:
10043:
10037:
10035:
10033:
10031:
10022:
10021:
10016:
10010:
9994:
9990:
9986:
9980:
9964:
9960:
9953:
9937:
9933:
9929:
9922:
9906:
9902:
9898:
9892:
9876:
9872:
9868:
9862:
9846:
9842:
9838:
9832:
9816:
9812:
9808:
9802:
9786:
9782:
9778:
9772:
9756:
9752:
9751:
9746:
9740:
9738:
9721:
9717:
9713:
9706:
9691:
9687:
9680:
9664:
9660:
9656:
9649:
9633:
9629:
9628:
9623:
9616:
9601:
9597:
9590:
9574:
9570:
9566:
9560:
9544:
9540:
9539:
9534:
9528:
9512:
9508:
9504:
9498:
9483:
9479:
9472:
9456:
9452:
9448:
9442:
9440:
9423:
9419:
9415:
9409:
9393:
9389:
9385:
9378:
9362:
9358:
9357:
9352:
9346:
9330:
9326:
9322:
9316:
9300:
9296:
9292:
9286:
9270:
9266:
9262:
9256:
9240:
9236:
9232:
9226:
9210:
9206:
9202:
9196:
9180:
9176:
9172:
9166:
9150:
9146:
9142:
9136:
9120:
9116:
9112:
9106:
9090:
9086:
9082:
9076:
9060:
9056:
9052:
9046:
9030:
9026:
9022:
9016:
9000:
8996:
8990:
8974:
8970:
8966:
8960:
8958:
8941:
8937:
8933:
8927:
8911:
8907:
8903:
8897:
8881:
8877:
8873:
8867:
8851:
8847:
8843:
8836:
8820:
8816:
8812:
8805:
8803:
8787:
8783:
8777:
8761:
8757:
8753:
8747:
8731:
8727:
8726:Insight Crime
8723:
8716:
8700:
8696:
8690:
8674:
8670:
8666:
8660:
8644:
8640:
8636:
8629:
8613:
8609:
8602:
8594:
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8584:
8576:
8572:
8568:
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8546:
8542:
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8486:
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8471:
8455:
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8442:
8426:
8422:
8421:
8416:
8409:
8393:
8389:
8385:
8379:
8363:
8359:
8358:El Espectador
8355:
8349:
8333:
8329:
8328:Caracol Radio
8325:
8319:
8303:
8299:
8298:Caracol Radio
8295:
8289:
8273:
8269:
8268:Caracol Radio
8265:
8259:
8243:
8239:
8235:
8229:
8213:
8209:
8205:
8199:
8183:
8179:
8175:
8169:
8153:
8149:
8148:
8147:El Colombiano
8143:
8136:
8134:
8117:
8113:
8112:
8107:
8101:
8085:
8081:
8077:
8070:
8054:
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8049:El Espectador
8046:
8040:
8024:
8020:
8019:
8018:El Espectador
8014:
8008:
7992:
7988:
7984:
7977:
7961:
7957:
7953:
7946:
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7893:
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7867:
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7657:
7651:
7635:
7631:
7627:
7620:
7612:
7608:
7601:
7585:
7581:
7580:Caracol Radio
7577:
7571:
7563:
7559:
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7549:
7533:
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7525:
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7516:
7499:
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7395:
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7387:
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6569:
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6559:
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6540:
6536:
6535:Movements.org
6532:
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6507:
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6485:
6481:
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6056:
6052:
6046:
6030:
6026:
6022:
6016:
6005:
5999:
5983:
5979:
5978:InSight Crime
5975:
5968:
5952:
5948:
5944:
5937:
5921:
5917:
5916:
5911:
5905:
5889:
5885:
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5481:
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5441:
5437:
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5417:(in Spanish).
5416:
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5390:
5386:
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5360:
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4588:9780030860027
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4555:9780171380385
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4313:
4311:9781920888107
4307:
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4297:
4288:
4282:
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4257:
4256:orfonline.org
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3968:
3964:
3957:
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3931:
3924:
3908:
3904:
3903:
3902:Caracol Radio
3898:
3892:
3884:
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3875:
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3866:
3862:
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3799:
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3726:The Economist
3723:
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3686:
3670:
3666:
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3427:
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3408:
3406:
3386:
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3381:InSight Crime
3378:
3371:
3370:
3363:
3361:
3359:
3350:
3344:
3328:
3324:
3320:
3314:
3298:
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3235:
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3197:The Economist
3193:
3187:
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3167:
3163:
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3141:
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3106:
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2687:
2686:León Valencia
2683:
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2642:
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2627:
2622:
2613:
2611:
2607:
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2594:
2589:
2586:
2582:
2580:
2576:
2573:According to
2571:
2569:
2559:
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2553:
2548:
2545:
2541:
2536:
2534:
2530:
2519:
2516:
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2495:
2484:
2483:Caracol Radio
2477:
2463:
2461:
2455:
2453:
2448:
2446:
2441:
2440:Fondelibertad
2437:
2433:
2430:According to
2428:
2426:
2422:
2418:
2413:
2411:
2410:Joaquín Gómez
2406:
2400:
2398:
2392:
2388:
2386:
2380:
2370:
2368:
2364:
2359:
2355:
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2349:
2348:John Ashcroft
2346:
2341:
2339:
2334:
2331:
2326:
2322:
2320:
2316:
2310:
2307:
2303:
2300:In 1994, the
2298:
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2088:
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2080:
2070:
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2063:
2059:
2056:
2054:
2049:
2046:
2042:
2038:
2036:
2030:
2026:
2024:
2020:
2015:
2013:
2009:
2004:
2002:
1998:
1994:
1990:
1986:
1981:
1979:
1975:
1970:
1966:
1961:
1956:
1954:
1949:
1946:
1942:
1938:
1937:
1932:
1928:
1921:
1916:
1913:
1909:
1907:
1900:
1890:
1886:
1884:
1879:
1876:
1871:
1869:
1866:According to
1864:
1861:
1857:
1851:
1847:
1845:
1844:
1839:
1834:
1832:
1827:
1823:
1818:
1816:
1812:
1811:León Valencia
1807:
1802:
1800:
1796:
1791:
1789:
1785:
1781:
1775:
1760:
1756:
1753:
1748:
1746:
1742:
1738:
1733:
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1726:
1722:
1718:
1708:
1706:
1702:
1699:
1694:
1692:
1688:
1683:
1680:
1676:
1672:
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1666:
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1658:
1654:
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1646:
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1629:
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1601:
1595:
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1589:
1584:
1582:
1576:
1570:
1566:
1561:
1551:
1548:
1546:
1542:
1538:
1533:
1527:respectively.
1524:
1515:
1513:
1509:
1505:
1501:
1497:
1493:
1488:
1484:
1479:
1476:
1472:
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1463:
1461:
1456:
1452:
1448:
1444:
1434:
1430:
1427:
1421:
1411:
1409:
1408:Frank Pinchao
1404:
1402:
1397:
1393:
1389:
1387:
1386:The Red Cross
1381:
1379:
1375:
1370:
1366:
1363:
1357:
1353:
1351:
1347:
1341:
1339:
1333:
1332:departments.
1331:
1327:
1323:
1319:
1313:
1311:
1307:
1303:
1299:
1294:
1292:
1288:
1283:
1281:
1277:
1272:
1269:
1267:
1263:
1254:
1240:
1238:
1234:
1230:
1227:
1223:
1218:
1215:
1210:
1206:
1204:
1200:
1196:
1192:
1191:urban warfare
1188:
1183:
1179:
1169:
1167:
1163:
1159:
1154:
1152:
1148:
1142:
1133:
1124:
1115:
1113:
1107:
1105:
1104:
1099:
1095:
1089:
1087:
1086:Russell Crowe
1083:
1079:
1078:
1077:Proof of Life
1073:
1068:
1066:
1062:
1056:
1054:
1051:
1046:
1044:
1040:
1036:
1031:
1027:
1024:
1022:
1018:
1014:
1003:
999:
997:
991:
989:
985:
981:
977:
973:
969:
965:
961:
957:
956:
950:
948:
944:
940:
933:
929:
924:
922:
915:
900:
898:
894:
883:
880:
875:
871:
866:
864:
860:
856:
852:
847:
845:
840:
836:
835:United States
831:
829:
825:
820:
817:
813:
809:
805:
799:
784:
782:
777:
776:
770:
766:
762:
758:
754:
744:
742:
737:
732:
730:
726:
722:
721:
716:
712:
708:
704:
703:assassination
698:
696:, 6 July 1952
695:
688:
685:
677:
673:
665:
659:
658:Plan Colombia
655:
649:
639:
635:
631:
629:
625:
621:
616:
614:
610:
606:
602:
598:
594:
590:
585:
583:
577:
575:
571:
565:
562:
558:
554:
553:illegal drugs
550:
546:
542:
538:
533:
531:
527:
523:
519:
515:
511:
507:
503:
500:
496:
492:
488:
484:
470:
467:
465:
462:
461:
458:
452:
448:
444:
440:
435:
434:United States
430:
425:
424:
423:
420:
416:
410:
405:
400:
397:
392:
387:
386:
385:
384:
378:
375:
373:
370:
369:
368:
367:Armed groups:
365:
361:
355:
344:
343:
342:
341:
335:
325:
323:
313:
311:
301:
300:
299:
298:Armed groups:
296:
292:
289:
286:
282:
278:
274:
271:
268:
266:
262:
256:
253:
251:
248:
246:
245:Bolivarianism
243:
241:
238:
236:
233:
231:
228:
226:
223:
222:
220:
218:
214:
210:
206:
202:
196:
192:
188:
184:
180:
174:
170:
166:
159:
156:
155:
153:
149:
143:
140:
137:
136:
134:
128:
122:
119:
117:
114:
112:
109:
107:
106:Efraín Guzmán
104:
102:
101:Jacobo Arenas
99:
97:
94:
92:
89:
87:
84:
82:
79:
77:
76:Joaquín Gómez
74:
72:
69:
67:
64:
63:
61:
57:
50:
45:
40:
34:
29:
26:
22:
14716:
14715:
14697:
14696:
14673:
14601:
14600:
14587:
14586:
14567:
14530:
14460:
14459:
14401:
14389:
14388:
14320:
14297:
14275:
14250:War on drugs
14236:
14194:
14043:
14036:Key aspects
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13890:Andrés París
13838:Alfonso Cano
13790:Pastor Alape
13770:Iván Márquez
13731:Western Bloc
13726:Central Bloc
13716:Eastern Bloc
13704:Organization
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2198:Iván Márquez
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2106:Álvaro Uribe
2102:
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2053:Ravi Shankar
2050:
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2019:paramilitary
2016:
2005:
1993:Iván Márquez
1982:
1973:
1957:
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1934:
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1621:Alfonso Cano
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1512:Álvaro Uribe
1508:belligerents
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1320:towards the
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733:
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664:La Violencia
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586:
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383:Governments:
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366:
340:Governments:
339:
338:
297:
151:Headquarters
144:still active
91:Alfonso Cano
71:Iván Márquez
25:
14276:Kidnappings
13879:Iván Vargas
13816:(founder) †
13810:(founder) †
13756:Secretariat
12789:17 December
12663:20 February
12576:13 February
12424:1 September
12069:Infosur Hoy
11703:13 February
11672:1 September
11572:1 September
11536:26 February
11506:26 February
11474:26 February
11448:26 February
11372:23 December
10810:11 November
10778:1 September
10767:El Mercurio
10388:17 December
10317:17 December
10185:EuropaPress
10165:2 September
10056:28 December
9881:19 February
9851:12 November
9821:12 November
9791:12 November
9761:12 November
9461:20 February
9428:20 February
8846:Yahoo! News
8521:10 November
7905:11 December
7670:23 December
7157:2001.com.ve
6405:13 February
6343:13 February
6286:13 February
6245:Taiwan News
6224:13 February
6065:11 November
4101:4 September
3539:17 December
3507:17 December
3432:2 September
2958:Hugo Chávez
2943:belligerent
2936:recognition
2689: [
2385:kidnappings
2373:Kidnappings
1958:Colombia's
1951:ELN leader
1931:Hugo Chávez
1705:paper tiger
1487:Hugo Chávez
1475:foster home
1458:president,
1443:Clara Rojas
1378:extradition
1350:Cali Cartel
1306:Protocol II
1233:extradition
1229:Mary Harney
1214:Gerry Adams
879:Doug Stokes
804:World War I
709:politician
603:and that a
518:agrarianism
510:"Violencia"
240:Foco theory
14770:Categories
14691:Clan Úsuga
14331:Guerrillas
13919:(captured)
13881:(captured)
13858:(captured)
13832:Mono Jojoy
13826:Raúl Reyes
13822:(captured)
13037:14 October
12893:Caracol TV
12716:"Colombia"
12690:. p.
12545:5 November
12227:14 October
12201:14 October
12171:14 October
12141:11 January
12109:14 October
12079:14 October
12048:14 October
12014:14 October
11983:14 October
11931:12 October
11905:12 October
11855:12 October
11826:12 October
11795:12 October
11764:6 December
11733:17 October
11639:4 December
11495:CNN México
11404:7 November
11340:7 November
11283:7 November
11273:Al Jazeera
11253:7 November
11175:. London.
11150:7 November
11097:4 December
11035:7 February
10994:14 October
10964:14 October
10898:14 October
10868:14 October
10842:3 November
10831:BBC Brasil
10046:Al Jazeera
9549:14 October
9335:11 January
9325:Al Jazeera
9305:7 February
9275:23 January
9245:23 January
9235:Al Jazeera
9185:18 October
9155:14 October
9125:14 October
9095:14 October
9005:14 October
8979:14 October
8969:Al Jazeera
8916:14 October
8825:14 October
8791:11 January
8766:11 January
8756:Boston.com
8649:14 October
8618:14 October
8491:7 February
8460:14 October
8431:17 October
8398:17 October
8368:17 October
8338:17 October
8308:17 October
8278:17 October
8248:17 October
8218:17 October
8188:17 October
8158:17 October
8122:17 October
8090:17 October
8059:17 October
8029:15 October
7997:14 October
7730:25 January
7700:25 January
7590:17 October
7370:8 December
7340:17 October
7280:11 January
7167:17 October
7085:8 February
7052:8 February
7021:8 February
6982:8 February
6951:8 February
6921:17 October
6891:17 October
6667:7 February
6307:. Abrams.
6256:17 October
6192:6 November
6112:5 November
6035:5 November
5957:14 October
5926:17 October
5894:5 November
5614:3 November
5395:2 February
5365:2 February
5334:2 February
5304:2 February
4196:Al Jazeera
4071:1 December
3913:1 November
3777:1 February
3736:11 October
3675:8 February
3240:11 January
3208:11 January
3176:11 January
3115:10 October
3056:References
2940:legitimate
2802:extradited
2787:Raúl Reyes
2767:– 2 squads
2697:Raúl Reyes
2670:See also:
2274:Drug trade
2118:peace deal
1974:Al Jazeera
1927:Al Jazeera
1897:See also:
1843:Mono Jojoy
1815:land mines
1778:President
1772:See also:
1687:sugar cane
1626:communiqué
1613:Timochenko
1569:Raúl Reyes
1496:Venezuelan
962:) such as
947:cease-fire
775:latifundio
769:legalistic
736:plebiscite
684:repression
642:Background
609:peace deal
568:Colombia,
485:(Spanish:
411:(formerly)
398:(formerly)
135:1964–2016
121:Mono Jojoy
111:Raúl Reyes
66:Timochenko
14717:Linked to
14602:Linked to
14544:Air Force
14461:Linked to
13939:Structure
13850:Iván Ríos
13801:personnel
13600:(Spanish)
13587:(English)
13581:(Spanish)
13534:excessive
13448:0162-2889
12913:La Prensa
12688:Routledge
11205:7 October
10284:5 January
10253:22 August
10227:31 August
10195:31 August
10128:29 August
10118:0307-1235
9999:24 August
9969:4 October
9942:15 August
9841:El Tiempo
9781:El Tiempo
9750:El Tiempo
9638:1 October
9451:La Nación
9065:9 October
9035:9 October
9025:RCN Radio
8946:28 August
8886:28 August
8876:France 24
8856:28 August
8571:El Tiempo
8388:El Tiempo
8238:El Tiempo
7613:. London.
7558:Bloomberg
7504:30 August
7461:6 January
7421:The Times
7270:Bloomberg
7105:El Tiempo
7011:0362-4331
6853:6 January
6823:6 January
6793:3 January
6761:6 January
6729:6 January
6699:6 January
6637:6 January
6375:6 January
5740:4 January
5415:BBC Mundo
4849:13 August
4806:13 August
4624:153927518
4610:(1): 56.
4486:, 55–56.
4206:31 August
4173:31 August
4168:0261-3077
3883:0120-2456
3830:0162-2889
3262:El Tiempo
2909:Venezuela
2765:Guerrilla
2678:insurgent
2579:landmines
2538:In 2001,
2415:In 2002,
2252:Financing
2240:2020–2021
2087:Venezuela
2001:ceasefire
1960:RCN Radio
1883:Intendant
1831:guerillas
1717:Alan Jara
1588:Iván Ríos
1478:chained.
1467:Caesarean
1451:Venezuela
1280:Antioquia
1248:2002–2007
1195:Sinn Féin
1080:starring
870:Plan Lazo
863:terrorist
816:Comintern
715:civil war
692:Diary of
574:deserters
549:extortion
530:terrorism
363:Opponents
354:Venezuela
235:Guevarism
225:Communism
183:Venezuela
160:Los Pozos
116:Iván Ríos
14729:CONVIVIR
14595:CONVIVIR
14298:Lawsuits
14030:Timeline
13656:Archived
13594:Archived
13404:Articles
13087:Archived
12627:Archived
12539:BBC News
12283:BBC News
12237:cite web
12103:Archived
11941:cite web
11899:Archived
11864:citation
11849:archived
11820:Archived
11789:Archived
11758:Archived
11697:Archived
11666:Archived
11633:Archived
11442:BBC News
11424:BBC News
11398:Archived
11366:Archived
11334:Archived
11303:IPS News
11277:Archived
11247:Archived
11243:BBC News
11199:Archived
11177:Archived
11144:Archived
11120:BBC News
11025:Magazine
10988:Archived
10892:Archived
10620:Archived
10573:Archived
10413:Archived
10382:Archived
10311:Archived
10278:Archived
10247:Archived
10221:Archived
10189:Archived
10159:Archived
10154:El Mundo
10122:Archived
10050:Archived
9963:Archived
9936:Archived
9905:Archived
9875:Archived
9871:BBC News
9845:Archived
9815:Archived
9811:BBC News
9785:Archived
9755:Archived
9720:Archived
9663:Archived
9632:Archived
9573:Archived
9569:BBC News
9543:Archived
9511:Archived
9398:1 August
9367:1 August
9329:Archived
9299:Archived
9269:Archived
9239:Archived
9209:Archived
9179:Archived
9149:Archived
9119:Archived
9089:Archived
9059:Archived
8940:Archived
8936:BBC News
8910:Archived
8880:Archived
8736:18 March
8673:Archived
8643:Archived
8614:. London
8593:El Mundo
8545:Archived
8541:BBC News
8485:Archived
8152:Archived
8023:Archived
7991:Archived
7960:Archived
7929:Archived
7925:ABC News
7836:Archived
7773:Archived
7769:BBC News
7724:Archived
7720:BBC News
7694:Archived
7690:BBC News
7664:Archived
7660:BBC News
7634:Archived
7538:17 April
7532:Archived
7479:Newsweek
7455:Archived
7390:Fox News
7360:Fox News
7334:Archived
7304:Archived
7274:Archived
7222:Archived
7192:Archived
7079:Archived
7046:Archived
7015:Archived
6976:Archived
6945:Archived
6941:BBC News
6915:Archived
6885:Archived
6881:BBC News
6847:Archived
6817:Archived
6813:BBC News
6755:Archived
6750:NBC News
6723:Archived
6693:Archived
6661:Archived
6631:BBC News
6572:Archived
6484:Archived
6460:17 April
6450:ABC News
6337:Archived
6333:BBC News
6280:Archived
6186:Archived
6029:Archived
6025:BBC News
5982:Archived
5888:Archived
5884:BBC News
5822:Archived
5764:Archived
5760:BBC News
5734:Archived
5730:BBC News
5701:. London
5672:Archived
5608:Archived
5604:BBC News
5523:71937978
5389:Archived
5359:Archived
5328:Archived
5298:Archived
4948:Archived
4260:Archived
4230:Archived
4200:Archived
4130:Archived
4095:Archived
4065:Archived
4031:Archived
4026:BBC News
3996:Archived
3992:BBC News
3940:Archived
3840:27 April
3834:Archived
3730:Archived
3700:Archived
3696:BBC News
3669:Archived
3501:Archived
3497:BBC News
3471:Archived
3426:Archived
3385:Archived
3327:Archived
3297:Archived
3267:Archived
3234:Archived
3202:Archived
3170:Archived
3166:BBC News
3140:Archived
3109:Archived
2988:See also
2850:de facto
2845:Putumayo
2841:Guaviare
2634:autonomy
1326:Putumayo
1226:Tánaiste
1103:cocalero
1082:Meg Ryan
1043:Tlaxcala
943:La Uribe
928:La Uribe
859:sabotage
755:plan of
725:peasants
707:populist
396:Colombia
270:Far-left
217:Ideology
205:Paraguay
173:Colombia
14402:FARC-EP
13944:Attacks
13934:History
13697:FARC-EP
13528:Please
13520:use of
13491:15 July
13469:4410105
13359:, 1998
13027:El País
12874:Infobae
12838:El País
12623:YouTube
12379:2 March
12310:Reuters
11361:Reuters
10928:4 April
9695:24 June
9669:24 June
9627:Mid-Day
9517:28 June
9507:Reuters
9487:28 June
9205:Reuters
8705:4 April
8679:4 April
8551:21 June
8511:El País
8111:El País
7800:Reuters
7630:Reuters
7330:YouTube
7300:Reuters
7115:2 March
6688:Reuters
6611:1 April
6578:1 April
6545:1 April
6161:10 June
6139:10 June
6055:FARC-EP
5988:29 June
5864:1 March
4266:2 March
4236:2 March
4226:AP News
4136:18 July
4125:Reuters
4091:Reuters
4037:21 June
4002:21 June
3946:23 June
3706:21 June
3665:Reuters
3136:Reuters
2833:Caquetá
2791:Ecuador
2759:Company
2610:Reuters
2568:mortars
2367:cocaine
2363:Lebanon
2288:A 1992
2012:Caquetá
1967:member
1936:Telesur
1741:Caquetá
1679:hostage
1617:teleSUR
1500:Caracas
1308:of the
1112:Taliban
1039:Caracas
988:barrios
861:and/or
787:History
765:private
705:of the
514:peasant
497:) is a
491:FARC–EP
284:Part of
209:Bolivia
195:Ecuador
59:Leaders
14668:Canada
14665:
14652:
14639:
14619:
14568:Other:
14505:ANNCOL
14300:
14296:
14278:
14274:
14239:
14235:
14197:
14193:
13906:Romaña
13900:Karina
13467:
13446:
13392:
13373:
13342:
13323:
13302:
13283:
13251:
13232:
13213:
13192:
13171:
13152:
13131:
13007:18 May
12963:18 May
12937:18 May
12812:
12752:
12726:24 May
12698:
12633:18 May
12602:18 May
12517:
12487:
12453:
12348:18 May
12317:18 May
12289:18 May
10799:Clarín
10746:18 May
10713:
10660:
10629:18 May
10582:18 May
10542:
10509:
10479:
10447:
10419:18 May
10351:
10116:
9911:18 May
9726:18 May
9356:Semana
9215:18 May
7966:18 May
7842:18 May
7811:18 May
7779:18 May
7640:1 July
7451:Cedema
7431:22 May
7400:3 July
7310:1 July
7228:18 May
7198:18 May
7009:
6490:22 May
6311:
6133:dw.com
5915:Cambio
5828:18 May
5795:
5770:18 May
5705:22 May
5678:22 May
5647:21 May
5582:
5557:
5521:
5217:
5185:
5157:
5125:
5093:
5045:
5018:
4985:
4954:18 May
4919:
4876:
4756:
4728:
4688:
4663:
4622:
4585:
4552:
4523:
4490:
4457:
4432:
4399:
4366:
4362:–247.
4333:
4308:
4166:
3972:18 May
3881:
3828:
3643:
3618:
3564:
3477:27 May
3394:18 May
3146:1 July
3085:8 June
2806:elites
2753:Column
2182:Senate
2079:Havana
1941:Havana
1755:2010.
1663:, and
1600:Semana
1396:2010.
1322:Nariño
1262:police
1187:Bogotá
1015:, the
806:. The
597:Havana
541:ransom
537:kidnap
409:Brazil
351:
294:Allies
201:Mexico
193:, and
191:Panama
187:Brazil
14383:FARIP
13917:César
13856:Sonia
13799:Other
13481:(PDF)
13465:JSTOR
13117:Books
12475:(PDF)
12370:(PDF)
11566:(PDF)
11555:(PDF)
10958:(PDF)
10947:(PDF)
10623:(PDF)
10610:(PDF)
10576:(PDF)
10563:(PDF)
10538:–87.
10020:OHCHR
8450:(PDF)
7899:(PDF)
7886:(PDF)
6007:(PDF)
5858:(PDF)
5847:(PDF)
5519:S2CID
5443:(PDF)
5432:(PDF)
4981:–72.
4620:S2CID
4395:–52.
3771:(PDF)
3758:(PDF)
3584:Orbis
3388:(PDF)
3373:(PDF)
3031:Notes
2771:Squad
2747:Front
2741:Block
2693:]
2649:Cauca
2529:Urabá
2008:Milan
1860:Cauca
1691:Choco
1502:from
1362:Valle
1330:Cauca
512:as a
14776:FARC
14549:Navy
14468:PCCC
14454:MAQL
14439:CGSB
14429:MOEC
13949:PCCC
13493:2013
13444:ISSN
13390:ISBN
13371:ISBN
13340:ISBN
13321:ISBN
13300:ISBN
13281:ISBN
13249:ISBN
13230:ISBN
13211:ISBN
13190:ISBN
13169:ISBN
13150:ISBN
13129:ISBN
13039:2012
13009:2020
12965:2020
12939:2020
12810:ISBN
12791:2014
12750:ISBN
12728:2009
12696:ISBN
12692:1362
12665:2008
12635:2020
12604:2020
12578:2008
12547:2011
12515:ISBN
12485:ISBN
12451:ISBN
12426:2006
12381:2017
12350:2020
12319:2020
12291:2020
12243:link
12229:2012
12203:2012
12173:2012
12143:2014
12111:2012
12081:2012
12050:2012
12016:2012
11985:2012
11953:help
11933:2022
11907:2022
11876:help
11857:2022
11828:2022
11797:2022
11766:2021
11735:2011
11705:2008
11674:2006
11641:2016
11574:2006
11538:2012
11526:TIME
11508:2012
11476:2012
11450:2012
11406:2010
11374:2008
11342:2010
11285:2010
11255:2010
11207:2010
11152:2010
11099:2016
11037:2017
10996:2012
10966:2012
10930:2014
10900:2012
10870:2012
10844:2006
10812:2006
10780:2006
10748:2020
10711:ISBN
10658:ISBN
10631:2020
10584:2020
10540:ISBN
10507:ISBN
10477:ISBN
10445:ISBN
10421:2020
10390:2014
10349:ISBN
10319:2014
10286:2021
10255:2022
10229:2019
10197:2019
10167:2019
10130:2019
10114:ISSN
10058:2019
10001:2016
9971:2020
9944:2017
9913:2020
9883:2017
9853:2016
9823:2016
9793:2016
9763:2016
9728:2020
9697:2016
9671:2016
9640:2015
9607:2015
9581:2015
9551:2015
9519:2014
9489:2014
9463:2014
9430:2014
9400:2013
9369:2013
9337:2014
9307:2017
9277:2014
9247:2014
9217:2020
9187:2012
9157:2012
9127:2012
9097:2012
9067:2012
9037:2012
9007:2012
8981:2012
8948:2012
8918:2012
8888:2012
8858:2012
8827:2012
8793:2014
8768:2014
8738:2016
8707:2012
8681:2012
8651:2012
8620:2012
8553:2018
8523:2011
8493:2017
8462:2012
8433:2011
8420:TIME
8400:2011
8370:2011
8340:2011
8310:2011
8280:2011
8250:2011
8220:2011
8190:2011
8160:2011
8124:2011
8092:2011
8061:2011
8031:2012
7999:2012
7968:2020
7937:2011
7907:2014
7844:2020
7813:2020
7781:2020
7732:2017
7702:2017
7672:2009
7642:2017
7592:2011
7540:2020
7506:2008
7463:2010
7433:2010
7402:2008
7372:2008
7342:2011
7312:2017
7282:2014
7248:FARC
7230:2020
7200:2020
7169:2011
7117:2008
7087:2016
7054:2016
7023:2016
7007:ISSN
6984:2016
6953:2016
6923:2011
6893:2011
6855:2010
6825:2010
6795:2010
6763:2010
6731:2010
6701:2010
6669:2008
6639:2010
6613:2013
6580:2013
6547:2013
6492:2010
6462:2020
6407:2008
6377:2010
6345:2008
6309:ISBN
6288:2008
6258:2011
6226:2008
6194:2006
6163:2024
6141:2024
6114:2006
6067:2006
6037:2006
5990:2023
5959:2012
5928:2011
5896:2006
5866:2010
5830:2020
5793:ISBN
5772:2020
5742:2010
5707:2010
5680:2010
5649:2020
5616:2006
5580:ISBN
5555:ISBN
5397:2017
5367:2017
5336:2017
5306:2017
5215:ISBN
5183:ISBN
5155:ISBN
5123:ISBN
5091:ISBN
5043:ISBN
5016:ISBN
4983:ISBN
4956:2020
4917:ISBN
4874:ISBN
4851:2010
4808:2010
4754:ISBN
4726:ISBN
4686:ISBN
4661:ISBN
4583:ISBN
4550:ISBN
4521:ISBN
4488:ISBN
4455:ISBN
4430:ISBN
4397:ISBN
4364:ISBN
4331:ISBN
4306:ISBN
4268:2024
4238:2024
4208:2019
4175:2019
4164:ISSN
4138:2018
4103:2017
4073:2016
4039:2018
4004:2018
3974:2020
3948:2016
3915:2013
3879:ISSN
3842:2021
3826:ISSN
3779:2022
3738:2020
3708:2018
3677:2016
3641:ISBN
3616:ISBN
3562:ISBN
3541:2014
3509:2014
3479:2024
3434:2019
3396:2020
3335:2013
3305:2013
3275:2013
3242:2014
3210:2014
3178:2014
3148:2017
3117:2020
3087:2013
2916:Peru
2898:and
2885:The
2843:and
2837:Meta
2593:ICBL
2246:2021
2142:The
2083:Cuba
1997:Cuba
1985:Oslo
1945:Oslo
1858:and
1820:The
1797:and
1673:, a
1494:, a
1348:and
1328:and
1278:and
1199:Cuba
1084:and
1061:Mitú
1021:M-19
674:and
656:and
539:and
520:and
495:FARC
481:The
442:Flag
276:Size
207:and
179:Peru
14710:AAA
14705:AUC
14500:ETA
14449:ERP
14419:M19
14368:EPL
14358:ELN
13536:or
13434:hdl
13424:doi
12472:"3"
10707:223
8786:AFP
7862:AFP
7135:CNN
6911:CNN
6480:CNN
5511:doi
5259:232
4835:doi
4792:doi
4612:doi
4360:242
4302:157
3869:doi
3816:hdl
3806:doi
3593:doi
2938:as
2896:ELN
2892:EPL
2531:in
2306:ELN
2234:DEA
1965:M19
1537:AUC
1471:DNA
1376:'s
1338:DMZ
1182:IRA
1017:ERP
1013:EPL
595:in
493:or
310:ELN
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