94:
1006:
1553:
20:
1565:
1018:
1541:
189:. Although these families had lineal ties to Powys, they operated independently of the Powys monarchy. In the early 9th century another dynasty arose which formed Buellt and Gwerthrynion into an independent minor kingdom. The rulers of this kingdom did not trace their descent from the royal line of Powys, but from
403:. The Red Book mentions that these cantrefs were part of Powys in the time of "Meic Menbis", but were no longer such in the 13th century. Cynllibiwg has been postulated as an early kingdom, but is not mentioned by the great majority of historians.
181:, although in later centuries the monarchs of Powys exercised no control over it. After the 9th or 10th centuries, the region was ruled by families tracing their descent from the shadowy figures of
279:
to consolidate his gains in
Maelienydd. Descendants of Cadwallon and Einion Clud are recorded as holding client fortresses in the area until the 1240s, when they changed allegiance to support
1439:
197:. However the Powys connection was never totally forgotten. Welsh topographical lore remembered the traditional borders of Powys as extending to the Wye, while in 1176, Bishop
129:", and those two rivers were its most important boundaries. However, the territories associated with it are not always consistent: generally, the lists include the cantrefs of
81:. The region first came into its own in the 9th or 10th centuries, when it was ruled by leaders who operated independently of the surrounding kingdoms. After the
244:. In 1165 Cadwallon and Einion Clud combined forces and marched with the rest of independent Wales to join the massed Welsh army under the leadership of
1473:
1083:
342:, a mainly 13th-century English compilation of landholdings, mentions a region of seven cantrefs "between Severn and Wye" that had been known as
157:
north of Buellt (and also across the Wye) were located in this area and appear in some sources, but are not included in the lists of divisions.
233:
217:
1605:
1415:
1410:
1055:
735:
1484:
1644:
1405:
145:
is also often associated with the region, despite being located across the Wye, and there is some conjecture that may tie in
85:, it comprised the central part of the Welsh Marches and was the site of frequent struggles between Welsh and Norman forces.
1468:
1400:
1654:
545:(Oxford University Press, 1991), probably the most comprehensive and authoritative single volume survey of the period;
521:
Standard works on Welsh history and early/medieval Wales which do not mention
Cynllibiwg at all include the following:
272:
1659:
624:
588:
1664:
307:
271:
Throughout the 13th century the territory as described was gradually reoccupied by the
English Marcher Lords, and
97:
Map showing the possible cantrefs and commotes of Rhwng Gwy a Hafren discussed (Cwmwd
Deuddwr is shown as Elenydd)
1431:
1079:
1048:
380:; one editor suggests this is a corruption of Cynllibiwg and that it derives ultimately from the name of Saint
1377:
1447:
728:
488:
1505:
93:
1278:
1097:
82:
1649:
1590:
1392:
1359:
1350:
1041:
388:
339:
1585:
1520:
1241:
387:
The extent of
Cynllibiwg is unknown. Hubert Hall suggests that the number of cantrefs given in the
565:, a period which saw him leading several campaigns in the area claimed as a kingdom of Cynllibiwg.
1382:
721:
656:
522:
1372:
668:
762:
1367:
1193:
858:
768:
562:
288:
284:
8:
1203:
1188:
1105:
296:
253:
221:
206:
1579:
1318:
1246:
1153:
1033:
1010:
836:
808:
802:
356:
299:
in 1282, most remaining native landowners in the area were dispossessed. The county of
280:
229:
228:. Norman authority suffered a serious reverse within fifty years with the emergence of
198:
182:
1478:
634:
620:
584:
335:
1545:
1339:
1261:
1256:
1229:
1224:
1138:
1133:
1064:
911:
880:
797:
789:
553:(University of Leicester Press, 1982), (refers once to Cynllibiwg as a named early
261:
225:
209:, apparently based on the old territorial claims of Powys over Rhwng Gwy a Hafren.
186:
178:
166:
42:
691:
638:
314:
speakers formed the majority of the population until the end of the 19th century.
1557:
1173:
952:
672:
292:
276:
118:
1168:
311:
66:
54:
1638:
1620:
1607:
1525:
1509:
1333:
1198:
561:(University of Wales Press, 1986), the most detailed history of the reign of
369:
347:
245:
170:
154:
38:
177:. During the Early Middle Ages the region was evidently associated with the
1569:
1022:
1005:
980:
546:
538:
304:
213:
202:
150:
138:
126:
62:
713:
1328:
1313:
1308:
1251:
1219:
1128:
945:
829:
775:
757:
530:
300:
74:
46:
1552:
1298:
1273:
1268:
1101:
1092:
987:
815:
783:
396:
351:
330:
323:
265:
260:
with many of their compatriots from south Wales, as allies of the Lord
257:
241:
134:
1515:
1451:
1303:
1236:
1183:
1122:
924:
917:
887:
843:
194:
174:
122:
50:
19:
640:
A History of Wales from the
Earliest Times to the Edwardian Conquest
535:
A history of Wales from the earliest times to the
Edwardian Conquest
938:
901:
894:
850:
822:
392:
377:
146:
1178:
931:
190:
110:
106:
973:
966:
864:
400:
381:
249:
237:
142:
130:
871:
745:
598:
Hall, Hubert, ed. (1896). "Red Book of
Exchequer (3 vols.)".
114:
78:
34:
287:. The territory was annexed by the latter in 1267 under the
607:
368:
brimming with fish despite not being fed by a stream. The
173:, Rhwng Gwy a Hafren made up part of the territory of the
212:
In 1093 much of the territory was divided up between the
1063:
537:(revised ed., 1937), the classic survey of the period;
328:
Some part of Rhwng Gwy a Hafren may have been known as
354:. This name is evidently attested in the 9th-century
291:. However, following the defeat of the last native
543:Conquest, Coexistence and Change: Wales 1063-1415
512:Remfry, "Discovering the lost kingdom of Radnor".
1636:
1474:South West Wales Integrated Transport Consortium
661:Nennius: British History, and The Welsh Annals
503:Thorn and Thorn, A10 (f.179b) and notes on it.
1481:(North Wales excluding Meirionydd in Gwynedd)
1049:
729:
360:, which describes a marvellous spring in the
303:was formed out of the area under the various
579:Thorn, Frank; Thorn, Caroline, eds. (1983).
18:
1487:(Mid Wales including Meirionydd in Gwynedd)
743:
193:or Pasgen, a reputed son of the early king
49:to the south. It was bounded by the rivers
1416:South West Wales Corporate Joint Committee
1411:South East Wales Corporate Joint Committee
1056:
1042:
736:
722:
578:
459:
457:
422:
420:
418:
416:
256:. In 1175 these two brothers travelled to
73:). It covered about the same territory as
600:Rerum Britannicarum medii aevi scriptores
447:
445:
443:
441:
692:"Discovering the lost kingdom of Radnor"
557:, based on Nennius); J. Beverley Smith,
429:
391:be amended from seven to three, perhaps
92:
497:
454:
413:
1637:
689:
655:
614:
475:
473:
471:
469:
438:
1406:North Wales Corporate Joint Committee
1037:
717:
633:
617:Welsh Military Institutions, 633-1283
506:
105:appears in various medieval lists of
1436:South West Wales Tourism Partnership
1065:Regions and regional bodies of Wales
667:
597:
1469:South East Wales Transport Alliance
1401:Mid Wales Corporate Joint Committee
559:Llywelyn ap Gruffudd, Tywysog Cymru
515:
466:
13:
14:
1676:
372:of 1086 refers to a place called
1563:
1551:
1539:
1016:
1004:
88:
1432:Tourism Partnership North Wales
674:The Description of Penbrokshire
334:(or some variation) during the
149:as well. The small commotes of
1425:Tourism partnerships (defunct)
551:Wales in the Early Middle Ages
482:
121:. The name means "between the
1:
1462:Transport consortia (defunct)
1440:Tourism Partnership Mid Wales
1378:Growing Mid Wales Partnership
619:. University of Wales Press.
572:
317:
1645:Former subdivisions of Wales
1448:Forgotten Landscapes Project
435:Owen, p. 203; Lloyd, p. 253.
252:, which humbled the army of
77:, now part of the county of
7:
1578:may be grouped together as
1506:Little England beyond Wales
33:) was a region of medieval
10:
1681:
1393:Corporate Joint Committees
1279:West Wales and the Valleys
1098:West Wales and the Valleys
671:(1892). Henry Owen (ed.).
321:
160:
1655:Medieval history of Wales
1534:
1498:
1461:
1424:
1391:
1358:
1349:
1291:
1212:
1161:
1152:
1115:
1078:
1071:
999:
753:
643:. Longmans, Green, and Co
389:Red Book of the Exchequer
340:Red Book of the Exchequer
30:
1580:Mid and South West Wales
1521:Senedd electoral regions
1242:Mid and South West Wales
776:Region–Ystrad Tywi
406:
232:and his younger brother
1665:10th century in England
1383:Swansea Bay City Region
283:and later his grandson
1444:Capital Region Tourism
1373:Cardiff Capital Region
1011:Middle Ages portal
98:
70:
58:
31:Between Wye and Severn
23:
690:Remfry, Paul (1998).
615:Davies, Sean (2003).
529:(Penguin, 1992); Sir
451:Hall, vol. II p. 762.
376:, which rendered ten
310:in the 16th century.
113:, and is rendered in
96:
22:
16:Welsh medieval region
1660:England–Wales border
1368:Ambition North Wales
563:Llywelyn ap Gruffudd
289:Treaty of Montgomery
285:Llywelyn ap Gruffudd
218:Roger de Montgomerie
1617: /
1342:(claims in England)
1204:Welsh Lake District
1189:South Wales Valleys
1106:South Wales Valleys
967:Region–Buellt
696:British Archaeology
346:during the time of
297:Edward I of England
254:Henry II of England
222:Ranulph de Mortimer
207:Diocese of St Asaph
185:and his descendant
137:and the commote of
1324:Rhwng Gwy a Hafren
1319:Rhos (North Wales)
1247:Mid and West Wales
961:Rhwng Gwy a Hafren
872:Region–Ewyas
635:Lloyd, John Edward
490:Historia Brittonum
357:Historia Brittonum
308:Laws in Wales Acts
281:Llywelyn the Great
275:built a castle at
230:Cadwallon ap Madog
199:Adam Parvipontanus
183:Iorwerth Hirflawdd
153:in Maelienydd and
103:Rhwng Gwy a Hafren
99:
27:Rhwng Gwy a Hafren
24:
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1598:
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818:
811:
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778:
771:
336:Early Middle Ages
141:. The cantref of
45:to the north and
37:, located in the
1672:
1650:History of Wales
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1631:
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1622:
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1356:
1355:
1351:Local governance
1340:Welsh Lost Lands
1262:South East Wales
1257:South West Wales
1230:North West Wales
1225:North East Wales
1159:
1158:
1139:South West Wales
1134:South East Wales
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1075:
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1023:Wales portal
1021:
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566:
527:History of Wales
519:
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510:
504:
501:
495:
494:; Morris, p. 81.
486:
480:
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461:
452:
449:
436:
433:
427:
424:
295:at the hands of
262:Rhys ap Gruffudd
226:Philip de Braose
187:Elystan Glodrydd
179:Kingdom of Powys
117:in the works of
32:
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293:Prince of Wales
205:as part of his
201:tried to claim
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119:Gerald of Wales
91:
83:Norman invasion
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583:. Phillimore.
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463:Lloyd, p. 253.
453:
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428:
426:Lloyd, p. 252.
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322:Main article:
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312:Welsh language
273:Roger Mortimer
236:as Princes of
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677:. C. K. Clark
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663:. Phillimore.
662:
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636:
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626:0-7083-1836-3
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219:
215:
214:Marcher Lords
210:
208:
204:
200:
196:
192:
188:
184:
180:
176:
172:
168:
158:
156:
155:Cwmwd Deuddwr
152:
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144:
140:
136:
132:
128:
124:
120:
116:
112:
108:
104:
95:
89:Name and area
86:
84:
80:
76:
72:
68:
64:
60:
56:
52:
48:
44:
40:
39:Welsh Marches
36:
28:
21:
1626:52.33; -3.32
1601:
1575:
1574:
1360:City regions
1323:
1154:Geographical
981:Gwrtheyrnion
960:
703:. Retrieved
699:
695:
679:. Retrieved
673:
669:Owen, George
660:
657:Morris, John
645:. Retrieved
639:
616:
603:
599:
580:
558:
554:
550:
547:Wendy Davies
542:
539:R. R. Davies
534:
526:
517:
508:
499:
489:
484:
431:
386:
373:
365:
361:
355:
343:
329:
327:
270:
216:, including
211:
164:
139:Gwrtheyrnion
102:
100:
26:
25:
1624: /
1329:Ystrad Tywi
1314:Perfeddwlad
1309:Meirionnydd
1252:South Wales
1220:North Wales
1194:Swansea Bay
1129:North Wales
1072:Statistical
830:Meirionnydd
758:Brycheiniog
705:November 4,
681:November 4,
647:November 6,
531:J. E. Lloyd
523:John Davies
344:Kenthlebiac
301:Radnorshire
234:Einion Clud
75:Radnorshire
47:Brycheiniog
1639:Categories
1299:Deheubarth
1292:Historical
1274:West Wales
1269:East Wales
1116:StatsWales
1102:West Wales
1093:East Wales
1082:(formerly
988:Maelienydd
816:Dogfeiling
784:Deheubarth
763:Ceredigion
573:References
397:Maelienydd
352:Deheubarth
331:Cynllibiwg
324:Cynllibiwg
318:Cynllibiwg
266:Deheubarth
258:Gloucester
242:Maelienydd
135:Maelienydd
29:(English:
1546:Geography
1516:Mach Loop
1452:Blaenavon
1304:Edeirnion
1237:Mid Wales
1184:Snowdonia
1123:Mid Wales
953:Wenwynwyn
925:Mathrafal
918:Edeirnion
888:Glywysing
859:Morgannwg
844:Rhufoniog
809:Aberffraw
769:Seisyllwg
744:Medieval
378:shillings
374:Calcebuef
366:Cinlipiuc
195:Vortigern
175:Ordovices
171:Roman era
101:The name
1591:Category
1558:Politics
1162:Physical
1104:and the
939:Pengwern
902:Penychen
895:Gwynllwg
851:Tegeingl
823:Dunoding
748:kingdoms
659:(1980).
637:(1912).
492:, ch. 70
393:Arwystli
277:Cefnllys
169:and the
167:Iron Age
147:Arwystli
125:and the
111:commotes
107:cantrefs
41:between
1609:52°20′N
1179:Elenydd
932:Mechain
803:Gwynedd
790:Dinefwr
362:regione
191:Pascent
165:In the
161:History
1612:3°19′W
974:Elfael
865:Ergyng
623:
587:
555:region
401:Elfael
399:, and
382:Cynllo
338:. The
250:Corwen
238:Elfael
224:, and
143:Buellt
131:Elfael
127:Severn
71:Hafren
63:Severn
61:) and
1570:Wales
1499:Other
1485:TraCC
1213:Other
946:Fadog
912:Powys
881:Gwent
798:Dyfed
746:Welsh
407:Notes
305:Tudor
115:Latin
79:Powys
67:Welsh
55:Welsh
43:Powys
35:Wales
1586:List
1084:NUTS
837:Rhos
707:2009
683:2009
649:2009
621:ISBN
608:HMSO
585:ISBN
240:and
203:Ceri
151:Ceri
133:and
109:and
1080:ITL
364:of
350:of
264:of
248:at
123:Wye
59:Gwy
51:Wye
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604:99
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525:,
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440:^
415:^
395:,
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