128:
106:
398:
979:
Bateman, R.M.; Crane, P.R.; Dimichele, W.A.; Kenrick, P.R.; Rowe, N.P.; Speck, T.; Stein, W.E. (1998). "Early
Evolution of Land Plants: Phylogeny, Physiology, and Ecology of the Primary Terrestrial Radiation".
479:) on different axes. A significant finding is that the axes of the gametophytes were vascular, unlike almost all of the gametophytes of modern pteridophytes except for that of
1045:
H. Kerp, N.H. Trewin and H. Hass (2004) New gametophytes from the Early
Devonian Rhynie chert. Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, Earth Sciences, 94, 411β428
517:
1410:
852:
416:
lateral branches, which it used to disperse laterally over the substrate and stands of the plant may therefore have been
1196:"On Old Red Sandstone plants showing structure, from the Rhynie Chert Bed, Aberdeenshire. Part II. Additional notes on
434:
has been described in the form of crowded tufts of diminutive stems only a few mm in height, with the form genus name
1443:
1438:
1121:
nov. gen., nov. spec., ein
Gametophyt mit Archegoniophoren aus dem Chert von Rhynie (Unterdevon Schottland)".
1415:
510:
427:
305:
127:
915:"On Old Red Sandstone plants showing structure from the Rhynie chert bed, Aberdeenshire. Part I.
1378:
574:, established as the subdivision Rhyniophytina by Banks, but since treated at various ranks.
1309:
1068:
1020:
882:
8:
1098:
n. gen. et nov. spec., ein
Gametophyt aus dem Chert von Rhynie (Unterdevon,Schottland)".
509:
was named by
Kidston and Lang in honour of their late friend and colleague, the botanist
1313:
1144:
nov. gen. nov. spec., ein
Gametophyt aus dem Chert von Rhynie (Unterdevon, Schottland".
1072:
1024:
886:
1285:
1254:
1180:
965:
869:
Edwards, D.S. (1980). "Evidence for the sporophytic status of the Lower
Devonian plant
609:
587:
347:
228:
122:
1007:
Edwards, D.S. (1980). "Evidence for the sporophyte status of the Lower
Devonian plant
1358:
1321:
1080:
1032:
993:
894:
848:
390:
520:
in 1986 lead to the conclusion that the cell walls of the water-conducting cells of
1348:
1317:
1277:
1250:
1219:
1176:
1076:
1028:
989:
961:
930:
890:
622:
529:
779:
497:
were initially described by R. Kidston and W. H. Lang from the Rhynie chert bed:
374:
was a vascular plant, and grew in association with other vascular plants such as
1055:
Remy, W.; Hass, H. (1996). "New information on gametophytes and sporophytes of
763:
599:
567:
454:
343:
224:
152:
32:
1223:
978:
934:
413:
1432:
1401:
721:
355:
312:
204:
191:
178:
165:
63:
845:
The origin and early diversification of land plants : a cladistic study
1362:
1353:
1336:
658:
447:
351:
328:
324:
237:
645:
595:
571:
550:
476:
472:
468:
440:
424:
376:
308:
38:
105:
1289:
533:
367:
301:
83:
48:
1163:
Holloway, J.E. (1939). "The gametophyte, embryo and young rhizome of
583:
545:
385:
316:
88:
1372:
1281:
1195:
914:
1395:
481:
464:
381:
359:
293:
78:
73:
58:
53:
43:
682:
417:
257:
93:
68:
363:
397:
1241:, a non-vascular land-plant from the Devonian Rhynie Chert".
952:, a non-vascular land-plant from the Devonian Rhynie chert".
139:
1059:
and inferences about possible environmental adaptations".
847:. Washington & London: Smithsonian Institution Press.
524:
lacked the secondary thickening bars seen in the xylem of
394:, which is interpreted as basal to true vascular plants.
1268:
Banks, H.P. (1975). "Reclassification of
Psilophyta".
1335:
Crane, P.R.; Herendeen, P. & Friis, E.M. (2004).
1334:
1133:
1110:
1430:
1087:
1048:
548:. Accordingly, he transferred it to a new genus
1187:
117:, redrawn after Kenrick & Crane (1997:101)
1212:Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh
923:Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh
304:generation of a vascular, axial, free-sporing
908:
906:
904:
516:A study of the vascular tissue of the two by
1230:
1156:
842:
350:in 1917. The species is known only from the
1193:
1039:
912:
972:
941:
901:
862:
528:, and were more like the water-conducting
311:land plant of the Early Devonian that had
104:
1352:
1200:, Kidston and Lang; with descriptions of
1139:
1116:
388:), and with pre-vascular plants such as
315:features more advanced than those of the
1243:Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society
1162:
1093:
1054:
982:Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics
954:Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society
396:
342:was first described as a new species by
1236:
1006:
947:
868:
1431:
1300:in the evolution of vascular plants".
836:
540:belongs in the vascular plants, while
1377:
1376:
1302:Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology
1295:
1267:
1061:Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology
1013:Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology
875:Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology
362:, where it grew in the vicinity of a
1416:ABB306BC-291B-4831-84DC-6C2E1F0EE818
331:, including modern vascular plants.
13:
1255:10.1111/j.1095-8339.1986.tb01020.x
1181:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aob.a085063
966:10.1111/j.1095-8339.1986.tb01020.x
582:In 2004, Crane et al. published a
401:A transverse section of a stem of
14:
1455:
1296:Banks, H.P. (1980). "The role of
843:Kenrick, P.; Crane, P.R. (1997).
380:, a probable ancestor of modern
16:Extinct species of vascular plant
1194:Kidston, R.; Lang, W.H. (1920).
994:10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.29.1.263
913:Kidston, R.; Lang, W.H. (1917).
126:
36:
1328:
1261:
278:Kidst. & W.H.Lang (1917)
1000:
405:, Lower Devonian, Rhynie chert
334:
1:
1337:"Fossils and plant phylogeny"
1140:Remy, W.; Hass, H. (1991b). "
1117:Remy, W.; Hass, H. (1991a). "
829:
558:as the only known species of
292:is a single-species genus of
1322:10.1016/0034-6667(80)90056-1
1081:10.1016/0034-6667(95)00082-8
1033:10.1016/0034-6667(80)90057-3
895:10.1016/0034-6667(80)90057-3
577:
251:Kidst. & W.H.Lang (1917)
7:
1237:Edwards, David S. (1986). "
1094:Remy, W.; Remy, R (1980). "
511:David Thomas Gwynne-Vaughan
488:
10:
1460:
1341:American Journal of Botany
536:. His conclusion was that
467:, bearing male and female
1385:
1224:10.1017/s0080456800004488
935:10.1017/s0080456800008991
777:
761:
754:
718:
703:
696:
679:
672:
662:
642:
635:
620:
613:
263:
256:
243:
236:
123:Scientific classification
121:
112:
103:
23:
1444:Prehistoric plant genera
1146:Argumenta Palaeobotanica
1142:Kidstonophyton discoides
1123:Argumenta Palaeobotanica
1100:Argumenta Palaeobotanica
1387:Rhynia gwynne-vaughanii
948:Edwards, D.S. (1986). "
917:Rhynia gwynne-vaughanii
871:Rhynia gwynne-vaughanii
412:is thought to have had
403:Rhynia gwynne-vaughanii
340:Rhynia gwynne-vaughanii
321:Rhynia gwynne-vaughanii
298:Rhynia gwynne-vaughanii
115:Rhynia gwynne-vaughanii
1354:10.3732/ajb.91.10.1683
1198:Rhynia gwynne-vaughani
1096:Lyonophyton rhyniensis
1009:Rhynia gwynne-vaughnii
406:
1439:Early Devonian plants
436:Remyophyton delicatum
400:
1119:Langiophyton mackiei
598:are placed as basal
459:the gametophytes of
1314:1980RPaPa..29..165B
1165:Psilotum triquetrum
1073:1996RPaPa..90..175R
1025:1980RPaPa..29..177E
1011:Kidston and Lang".
919:, Kidston and Lang"
887:1980RPaPa..29..177E
873:Kidston and Lang".
610:polysporangiophytes
588:polysporangiophytes
538:R. gwynne-vaughanii
526:R. gwynne-vaughanii
507:R. gwynne-vaughanii
275:R. gwynne-vaughanii
246:R. gwynne-vaughanii
556:R. gwynne-vaughnii
544:belongs among the
499:R. gwynne-vaughnii
407:
377:Asteroxylon mackei
323:was a member of a
113:Reconstruction of
1426:
1425:
1379:Taxon identifiers
1239:Aglaophyton major
1057:Aglaophyton major
950:Aglaophyton major
859:Fig. 4.8, p. 101.
854:978-1-56098-729-1
826:
825:
817:
816:
808:
807:
799:
798:
790:
789:
742:
741:
733:
732:
391:Aglaophyton major
296:vascular plants.
285:
284:
279:
271:
232:
1451:
1419:
1418:
1406:
1405:
1404:
1374:
1373:
1367:
1366:
1356:
1332:
1326:
1325:
1293:
1265:
1259:
1258:
1234:
1228:
1227:
1191:
1185:
1184:
1169:Annals of Botany
1160:
1154:
1153:
1137:
1131:
1130:
1114:
1108:
1107:
1091:
1085:
1084:
1067:(3β4): 175β193.
1052:
1046:
1043:
1037:
1036:
1004:
998:
997:
976:
970:
969:
945:
939:
938:
910:
899:
898:
866:
860:
858:
840:
766:and stem groups
764:Lycopodiophytina
757:
756:
752:Eutracheophytes
699:
698:
675:
674:
665:
664:
638:
637:
623:Horneophytopsida
616:
615:
606:
605:
602:(tracheophyes).
518:David S. Edwards
438:. Like those of
423:Evidence of the
277:
270:Hirmer (1930)
269:
223:
216:
203:
190:
177:
164:
131:
130:
108:
98:
35:
29:Temporal range:
21:
20:
1459:
1458:
1454:
1453:
1452:
1450:
1449:
1448:
1429:
1428:
1427:
1422:
1414:
1409:
1400:
1399:
1394:
1381:
1371:
1370:
1347:(10): 1683β99.
1333:
1329:
1282:10.2307/1219491
1266:
1262:
1235:
1231:
1206:Hornea lignieri
1192:
1188:
1161:
1157:
1138:
1134:
1115:
1111:
1092:
1088:
1053:
1049:
1044:
1040:
1005:
1001:
977:
973:
946:
942:
911:
902:
867:
863:
855:
841:
837:
832:
827:
818:
809:
800:
791:
780:Euphyllophytina
743:
734:
600:vascular plants
580:
493:Two species of
491:
348:William H. Lang
337:
329:eutracheophytes
267:R. gemuendensis
252:
249:
222:
214:
201:
188:
175:
162:
125:
99:
97:
96:
91:
86:
81:
76:
71:
66:
61:
56:
51:
46:
41:
31:
30:
27:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1457:
1447:
1446:
1441:
1424:
1423:
1421:
1420:
1407:
1391:
1389:
1383:
1382:
1369:
1368:
1327:
1276:(4): 401β413.
1260:
1249:(2): 173β204.
1229:
1218:(3): 603β627.
1186:
1175:(2): 313β336.
1155:
1132:
1109:
1086:
1047:
1038:
999:
988:(1): 263β292.
971:
960:(2): 173β204.
940:
929:(3): 761β784.
900:
861:
853:
834:
833:
831:
828:
824:
823:
820:
819:
815:
814:
811:
810:
806:
805:
802:
801:
797:
796:
793:
792:
788:
787:
784:
783:
776:
773:
772:
769:
768:
760:
755:
753:
749:
748:
745:
744:
740:
739:
736:
735:
731:
730:
727:
726:
717:
714:
713:
710:
709:
702:
697:
695:
692:
691:
688:
687:
678:
673:
671:
663:
661:
655:
654:
651:
650:
641:
636:
634:
631:
630:
627:
626:
619:
614:
612:
604:
594:and the other
579:
576:
570:genus for the
490:
487:
344:Robert Kidston
336:
333:
306:diplohaplontic
283:
282:
281:
280:
272:
261:
260:
254:
253:
250:
241:
240:
234:
233:
212:
208:
207:
199:
195:
194:
186:
182:
181:
173:
169:
168:
160:
156:
155:
150:
143:
142:
137:
133:
132:
119:
118:
110:
109:
101:
100:
92:
87:
82:
77:
72:
67:
62:
57:
52:
47:
42:
37:
33:Early Devonian
28:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1456:
1445:
1442:
1440:
1437:
1436:
1434:
1417:
1412:
1408:
1403:
1397:
1393:
1392:
1390:
1388:
1384:
1380:
1375:
1364:
1360:
1355:
1350:
1346:
1342:
1338:
1331:
1323:
1319:
1315:
1311:
1307:
1303:
1299:
1291:
1287:
1283:
1279:
1275:
1271:
1264:
1256:
1252:
1248:
1244:
1240:
1233:
1225:
1221:
1217:
1213:
1209:
1208:, n.g., n.sp"
1207:
1203:
1199:
1190:
1182:
1178:
1174:
1170:
1166:
1159:
1151:
1147:
1143:
1136:
1128:
1124:
1120:
1113:
1105:
1101:
1097:
1090:
1082:
1078:
1074:
1070:
1066:
1062:
1058:
1051:
1042:
1034:
1030:
1026:
1022:
1018:
1014:
1010:
1003:
995:
991:
987:
983:
975:
967:
963:
959:
955:
951:
944:
936:
932:
928:
924:
920:
918:
909:
907:
905:
896:
892:
888:
884:
880:
876:
872:
865:
856:
850:
846:
839:
835:
822:
821:
813:
812:
804:
803:
795:
794:
786:
785:
782:
781:
775:
774:
771:
770:
767:
765:
759:
758:
751:
750:
747:
746:
738:
737:
729:
728:
725:
724:
723:
722:Stockmansella
716:
715:
712:
711:
708:
707:
701:
700:
694:
693:
690:
689:
686:
685:
684:
677:
676:
670:
667:
666:
660:
657:
656:
653:
652:
649:
648:
647:
640:
639:
633:
632:
629:
628:
625:
624:
618:
617:
611:
608:
607:
603:
601:
597:
593:
589:
585:
575:
573:
569:
565:
561:
557:
553:
552:
547:
543:
539:
535:
531:
527:
523:
519:
514:
512:
508:
504:
501:in 1917, and
500:
496:
486:
484:
483:
478:
474:
470:
466:
462:
458:
456:
451:
449:
444:
442:
437:
433:
429:
426:
421:
420:populations.
419:
415:
411:
404:
399:
395:
393:
392:
387:
383:
379:
378:
373:
369:
365:
361:
357:
356:Aberdeenshire
353:
349:
345:
341:
332:
330:
327:to all other
326:
322:
318:
314:
310:
307:
303:
299:
295:
291:
290:
276:
273:
268:
265:
264:
262:
259:
255:
248:
247:
242:
239:
235:
230:
226:
221:
220:
213:
210:
209:
206:
200:
197:
196:
193:
187:
184:
183:
180:
174:
171:
170:
167:
166:Rhyniophytina
161:
159:Subdivision:
158:
157:
154:
153:Tracheophytes
151:
148:
145:
144:
141:
138:
135:
134:
129:
124:
120:
116:
111:
107:
102:
95:
90:
85:
80:
75:
70:
65:
60:
55:
50:
45:
40:
34:
26:
22:
19:
1386:
1344:
1340:
1330:
1305:
1301:
1297:
1273:
1269:
1263:
1246:
1242:
1238:
1232:
1215:
1211:
1205:
1204:, n.sp. and
1202:Rhynia major
1201:
1197:
1189:
1172:
1168:
1164:
1158:
1149:
1145:
1141:
1135:
1126:
1122:
1118:
1112:
1103:
1099:
1095:
1089:
1064:
1060:
1056:
1050:
1041:
1016:
1012:
1008:
1002:
985:
981:
974:
957:
953:
949:
943:
926:
922:
916:
878:
874:
870:
864:
844:
838:
778:
762:
720:
719:
705:
704:
681:
680:
668:
659:Tracheophyta
644:
643:
621:
591:
581:
572:rhyniophytes
563:
559:
555:
549:
541:
537:
525:
521:
515:
506:
502:
498:
494:
492:
480:
460:
453:
448:Horneophyton
446:
439:
435:
431:
422:
409:
408:
402:
389:
375:
371:
352:Rhynie chert
339:
338:
325:sister group
320:
309:embryophytic
297:
288:
287:
286:
274:
266:
245:
244:
238:Type species
218:
217:
146:
114:
24:
18:
1308:: 165β176.
1298:Psilophyton
1294:, cited in
1019:: 177β188.
881:: 177β188.
646:Aglaophyton
590:, in which
551:Aglaophyton
534:sporophytes
441:Aglaophyton
425:gametophyte
335:Description
179:Rhyniopsida
1433:Categories
1167:Schwarz".
830:References
669:Rhyniaceae
596:Rhyniaceae
554:, leaving
546:bryophytes
477:archegonia
473:antheridia
469:gametangia
428:generation
382:clubmosses
368:hot spring
317:bryophytes
313:anatomical
302:sporophyte
205:Rhyniaceae
1129:: 69β117.
584:cladogram
578:Phylogeny
505:in 1920.
414:deciduous
386:Lycopsida
192:Rhyniales
136:Kingdom:
1396:Wikidata
1363:21652317
1152:: 29β45.
1106:: 37β72.
586:for the
542:R. major
532:of moss
530:hydroids
522:R. major
503:R. major
489:Taxonomy
482:Psilotum
465:dioicous
450:lignieri
360:Scotland
300:was the
294:Devonian
229:W.H.Lang
198:Family:
1402:Q310514
1310:Bibcode
1290:1219491
1069:Bibcode
1021:Bibcode
883:Bibcode
683:Huvenia
566:is the
457:aphylla
258:Species
211:Genus:
185:Order:
172:Class:
140:Plantae
1361:
1288:
851:
706:Rhynia
592:Rhynia
564:Rhynia
560:Rhynia
495:Rhynia
461:Rhynia
455:Nothia
432:Rhynia
418:clonal
410:Rhynia
372:Rhynia
366:-rich
364:silica
289:Rhynia
231:(1917)
227:&
225:Kidst.
219:Rhynia
25:Rhynia
1411:IFPNI
1286:JSTOR
1270:Taxon
463:were
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