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Ribonuclease

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is a type of ribonuclease that cleaves rRNA (16s rRNA and 23s rRNA) from transcribed polycistronic RNA operon in prokaryotes. It also digests double-stranded RNA (dsRNA)-Dicer family of RNAse, cutting pre-miRNA (60–70bp long) at a specific site and transforming it in miRNA (22–30bp), that is actively
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is a ribonuclease of plant origin, which modulates SOS responses in bacteria, for a response to the stress of DNA damage by activation of the SOS mechanism by the RecA/LexA dependent signal transduction pathway that transcriptionally depresses a multiplicity of genes leading
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Some cells also secrete copious quantities of non-specific RNases such as A and T1. RNases are, therefore, extremely common, resulting in very short lifespans for any RNA that is not in a protected environment. It is worth noting that all intracellular RNAs are protected from RNase activity by a
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All organisms studied contain many RNases of two different classes, showing that RNA degradation is a very ancient and important process. As well as clearing of cellular RNA that is no longer required, RNases play key roles in the maturation of all RNA molecules, both messenger RNAs that carry
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The active site looks like a rift valley where all the active site residues create the wall and bottom of the valley. The rift is very thin and the small substrate fits perfectly in the middle of the active site, which allows for perfect interaction with the residues. It actually has a little
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genetic material for making proteins and non-coding RNAs that function in varied cellular processes. In addition, active RNA degradation systems are the first defense against RNA viruses and provide the underlying machinery for more advanced cellular immune strategies such as
1316:). In bacteria RNase P is also responsible for the catalytic activity of holoenzymes, which consist of an apoenzyme that forms an active enzyme system by combination with a coenzyme and determines the specificity of this system for a substrate. A form of RNase P that is a 1252:
is a ribonuclease that cleaves the RNA in a DNA/RNA duplex to produce ssDNA. RNase H is a non-specific endonuclease and catalyzes the cleavage of RNA via a hydrolytic mechanism, aided by an enzyme-bound divalent metal ion. RNase H leaves a 5'-phosphorylated
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It is involved in processing the 16'-end of the 5s rRNA. It is related to chromosome separation and cell division. It is considered one of the components of cytoplasmic axial filament bundles. It is also thought that it can regulate the formation of this
1237:. It is specific for single-stranded RNAs. It cleaves the 3'-end of unpaired C and U residues, ultimately forming a 3'-phosphorylated product via a 2',3'-cyclic monophosphate intermediate. It does not require any cofactors for its activity 1605:. In addition to the cellular RNases that are released, there are several RNases that are present in the environment. RNases have evolved to have many extracellular functions in various organisms. For example, RNase 7, a member of the 1600:
in molecular biology experiments is greatly complicated by the presence of ubiquitous and hardy ribonucleases that degrade RNA samples. Certain RNases can be extremely hardy and inactivating them is difficult compared to neutralizing
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Wachi M, Umitsuki G, Shimizu M, Takada A, Nagai K. Escherichia coli cafA gene encodes a novel RNase, designated as RNase G, involved in processing of the 5' end of 16S rRNA. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1999;259(2):483‐488.
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for the RI-RNase A complex is ~20 fM under physiological conditions. RI is used in most laboratories that study RNA to protect their samples against degradation from environmental RNases.
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Shamsher S. Kanwar*, Puranjan Mishra, Khem Raj Meena, Shruti Gupta and Rakesh Kumar, Ribonucleases and their Applications, 2016, Journal of Advanced Biotechnology and Bioengineering
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Noguchi S (July 2010). "Isomerization mechanism of aspartate to sexxxxxxxx implied by structures of Ustilago sphaerogena ribonuclease U2 complexed with adenosine 3'-monophosphate".
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superfamily, is secreted by human skin and serves as a potent antipathogen defence. In these secreted RNases, the enzymatic RNase activity may not even be necessary for its new,
1233:​) is one of the hardiest enzymes in common laboratory usage; one method of isolating it is to boil a crude cellular extract until all enzymes other than RNase A are 2977: 1139:, which comprises a relatively large fraction of cellular protein (~0.1%) in some cell types, and which binds to certain ribonucleases with the highest affinity of any 2923: 2315:
Ahmed TAE, Udenigwe CC, Gomaa A. Editorial: Biotechnology and Bioengineering Applications for Egg-Derived Biomaterials. Front Bioeng Biotechnol. 2021 Sep 20;9:756058
136: 1720:"Comprehensive functional analysis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis toxin-antitoxin systems: implications for pathogenesis, stress responses, and evolution" 2585: 1100:, and comprise several sub-classes within the EC 2.7 (for the phosphorolytic enzymes) and 3.1 (for the hydrolytic enzymes) classes of enzymes. 2746: 2403: 1584:
curvature to the site which the substrate also has. Although usually most exo- and endoribonucleases are not sequence specific, recently
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is a close homolog of RNase II, but it can, unlike RNase II, degrade RNA with secondary structures without help of accessory factors.
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Tamulaitis G, Kazlauskiene M, Manakova E, Venclovas Č, Nwokeoji AO, Dickman MJ, Horvath P, Siksnys V (November 2014).
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is sequence specific for single-stranded RNAs. It cleaves 3'-end of all 4 residues, but preferentially 3'-end of As.
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Gerdes K, Christensen SK and Lobner-Olesen A (2005). "Prokaryotic toxin-antitoxin stress response loci".
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that recognize and cleave specific sequences of single-stranded RNA have been recently classified.
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is sequence specific for single-stranded RNAs. It cleaves 3'-end of unpaired A and U residues.
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Huang YC, Lin YM, Chang TW, Wu SJ, Lee YS, Chang MD, Chen C, Wu SH, Liao YD (February 2007).
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function. For example, immune RNases act by destabilizing the cell membranes of bacteria.
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is an interferon-induced nuclease that, upon activation, destroys all RNA within the cell
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is sequence specific for single-stranded RNAs. It cleaves 3'-end of unpaired A residues.
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is sequence specific for single-stranded RNAs. It cleaves 3'-end of unpaired G residues.
3531: 3526: 3258: 3162: 3014: 2495: 2485: 2363: 2296: 2271: 2206: 2171: 2111: 2059: 2034: 2010: 1983: 1858: 1833: 1795: 1771:"Bovine pancreatic ribonuclease: fifty years of the first enzymatic reaction mechanism" 1770: 1746: 1719: 1570: 1182: 1151: 2963: 2908: 2876: 2751: 2470: 2301: 2252: 2211: 2152: 2103: 2064: 2015: 1964: 1904: 1863: 1800: 1751: 1698: 1671: 1646: 1555: 1540: 1225: 1126: 163: 131: 89: 2131:"RNase 7, a novel innate immune defense antimicrobial protein of healthy human skin" 2115: 65: 3304: 3299: 3273: 3201: 3039: 2619: 2524: 2519: 2475: 2291: 2283: 2242: 2201: 2191: 2142: 2095: 2054: 2046: 2005: 1995: 1954: 1894: 1881:
Holzmann J, Frank P, Löffler E, Bennett KL, Gerner C, Rossmanith W (October 2008).
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to transit arrest of cell division as well as initiation of DNA repair.
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Köten B, Simanski M, GlÀser R, Podschun R, Schröder JM, Harder J (July 2009).
2099: 1642: 3510: 3294: 3253: 2855: 2764: 2514: 1125:, formation of an RNA·RNA duplex, and folding within an RNA protein complex ( 38: 3243: 2982: 2636: 2557: 2305: 2256: 2247: 2230: 2215: 2172:"RNase 7 contributes to the cutaneous defense against Enterococcus faecium" 2156: 2147: 2130: 2107: 2068: 2019: 2000: 1968: 1908: 1867: 1849: 1804: 1755: 1650: 1514: 1166: 2084:"The RNase a superfamily: generation of diversity and innate host defense" 93: 3467: 3402: 3238: 3157: 2928: 2822: 2685: 2651: 2589: 1529:
is the major contributor for the 3'-to-5' maturation of many stable RNAs.
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degrades single-stranded RNA from 5'-to-3', exists only in eukaryotes.
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RNases play a critical role in many biological processes, including
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involved in the regulation of transcription and mRNA life-time.
151: 1834:"Retroviral integrase superfamily: the structural perspective" 3428: 3061: 2812: 2808: 2035:"T2 Family ribonucleases: ancient enzymes with diverse roles" 1602: 1591: 1154:, which cleave highly specific sequences of double-stranded 1092:
into smaller components. Ribonucleases can be divided into
2793: 2670: 2663: 2607: 2602: 2272:"RNase A ribonucleases and host defense: an evolving story" 2169: 1880: 1309: 1177:(angiosperms). Many stress-response toxins of prokaryotic 1110: 113: 60: 3193: 1934: 1198: 1301: 1296:
is a type of ribonuclease that is unique in that it is a
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is an RNase that is commonly used in research. RNase A (
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and does not contain RNA has recently been discovered.
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Class of enzyme that catalyzes the degradation of RNA
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Cuchillo CM, Nogués MV, Raines RT (September 2011).
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degrades short oligonucleotides to mononucleotides.
1193: 1711: 1428: 2681:Fructose 6-P,2-kinase:fructose 2,6-bisphosphatase 2385: 1717: 3508: 1718:Ramage HR, Connolly LE, Cox JS (December 2009). 1392:is specific for polyadenine and polyuridine RNA. 2228: 1657: 2128: 1982:Rossier O, Dao J, Cianciotto NP (March 2009). 1513:is involved in the 3'-to-5' processing of pre- 1304:that acts as a catalyst in the same way as an 3209: 2371: 2081: 2032: 1667:Peptide Growth Factors and Their Receptors II 1663: 1684: 1181:have been shown to have RNase activity and 3216: 3202: 2378: 2364: 1825: 1622: 27: 2295: 2269: 2246: 2205: 2195: 2146: 2058: 2009: 1999: 1958: 1898: 1857: 1794: 1745: 1735: 1694:Developmental Biology of Flowering Plants 1592:RNase contamination during RNA extraction 2324:D'Alessio G and Riordan JF, eds. (1997) 1690: 1664:Sporn MB, Roberts AB (6 December 2012). 1574:is a close homolog of Exoribonuclease I. 1197: 2571:Ubiquitin carboxy-terminal hydrolase L1 2326:Ribonucleases: Structures and Functions 2129:Harder J, Schroder JM (November 2002). 2082:Dyer KD, Rosenberg HF (November 2006). 1831: 1628: 3509: 3197: 3151:either deoxy- or ribo-     2359: 2351:Integrated Enzyme Database for EC 3.1 1446:Polynucleotide Phosphorylase (PNPase) 2732:Protein serine/threonine phosphatase 1578: 1223:, bovine pancreatic ribonuclease A: 2833:Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase 2827:Clostridium perfringens alpha toxin 2628:Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 2235:The Journal of Biological Chemistry 2135:The Journal of Biological Chemistry 1132:Another mechanism of protection is 36:Ribonuclease U2 with AMP PDB entry 13: 2676:Pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase 14: 3543: 2576:4-hydroxybenzoyl-CoA thioesterase 2339: 1188: 3494: 2346:IUBMB Enzyme Database for EC 3.1 2033:Luhtala N, Parker R (May 2010). 1194:Major types of endoribonucleases 2894:N-acetylglucosamine-6-sulfatase 2782:Sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 2263: 2222: 2163: 2122: 2075: 2026: 1975: 1924: 1429:Major types of exoribonucleases 1117:number of strategies including 2703:Inositol-phosphate phosphatase 2566:Palmitoyl protein thioesterase 2039:Trends in Biochemical Sciences 1915: 1874: 1811: 1762: 1691:Raghavan V (6 December 2012). 1: 3066:RNA-induced silencing complex 1616: 108:Available protein structures: 3170:Serratia marcescens nuclease 2737:Dual-specificity phosphatase 2727:Protein tyrosine phosphatase 2276:Journal of Leukocyte Biology 2197:10.1371/journal.pone.0006424 1960:10.1016/j.molcel.2014.09.027 1737:10.1371/journal.pgen.1000767 7: 3223: 2647:Fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase 1832:Nowotny M (February 2009). 1141:protein-protein interaction 1103: 10: 3548: 2318: 2051:10.1016/j.tibs.2010.02.002 1931:doi:10.1006/bbrc.1999.0806 1900:10.1016/j.cell.2008.09.013 1819:"Library Preparation Kits" 3380: 3372:Michaelis–Menten kinetics 3344: 3313: 3282: 3231: 3150: 3038: 2990: 2976: 2954: 2936: 2922: 2902: 2884:Galactosamine-6 sulfatase 2841: 2745: 2584: 2552: 2440:6-phosphogluconolactonase 2402: 2270:Rosenberg HF (May 2008). 2100:10.1007/s11030-006-9028-2 1643:10.1107/S0907444910019621 162: 150: 130: 112: 107: 103: 83: 71: 59: 51: 46: 26: 21: 3264:Diffusion-limited enzyme 2632:Purple acid phosphatases 1631:Acta Crystallographica D 1179:toxin-antitoxin systems 3057:Microprocessor complex 2696:Beta-propeller phytase 2248:10.1074/jbc.M607321200 2148:10.1074/jbc.M207587200 2001:10.1099/mic.0.023218-0 1850:10.1038/embor.2008.256 1481:nucleotidyltransferase 1455:nucleotidyltransferase 1203: 1135:ribonuclease inhibitor 1076:(commonly abbreviated 3357:Eadie–Hofstee diagram 3290:Allosteric regulation 2992:Endodeoxyribonuclease 2889:Iduronate-2-sulfatase 2642:Glucose 6-phosphatase 2428:Butyrylcholinesterase 1201: 1145:dissociation constant 3367:Lineweaver–Burk plot 3175:Micrococcal nuclease 3010:Deoxyribonuclease IV 3005:Deoxyribonuclease II 2938:Exodeoxyribonuclease 2598:Alkaline phosphatase 2423:Acetylcholinesterase 2333:Nat. Rev. Microbiol. 1202:Structure of RNase A 1171:self-incompatibility 34:Ustilago sphaerogena 3030:UvrABC endonuclease 3000:Deoxyribonuclease I 2723:Protein phosphatase 2659:Protein phosphatase 2457:Bile salt-dependent 2445:PAF acetylhydrolase 2288:10.1189/jlb.1107725 2188:2009PLoSO...4.6424K 2088:Molecular Diversity 1152:restriction enzymes 1088:the degradation of 3326:Enzyme superfamily 3259:Enzyme promiscuity 3163:Mung bean nuclease 3022:Restriction enzyme 3015:Restriction enzyme 1571:Exoribonuclease II 1204: 1129:particle or RNP). 3482: 3481: 3191: 3190: 3187: 3186: 3183: 3182: 2972: 2971: 2964:Oligonucleotidase 2909:deoxyribonuclease 2877:Steroid sulfatase 2752:Phosphodiesterase 2481:Hormone-sensitive 2328:, Academic Press. 1787:10.1021/bi201075b 1704:978-1-4612-1234-8 1677:978-3-642-74781-6 1598:extraction of RNA 1579:RNase specificity 1556:Exoribonuclease I 1541:Oligoribonuclease 1160:endoribonucleases 1127:ribonucleoprotein 1094:endoribonucleases 1071: 1070: 1067: 1066: 157:structure summary 3539: 3499: 3498: 3490: 3362:Hanes–Woolf plot 3305:Enzyme activator 3300:Enzyme inhibitor 3274:Enzyme catalysis 3218: 3211: 3204: 3195: 3194: 3040:Endoribonuclease 3026: 3020: 2988: 2987: 2934: 2933: 2920: 2919: 2620:Acid phosphatase 2501:Monoacylglycerol 2411:ester hydrolases 2380: 2373: 2366: 2357: 2356: 2310: 2309: 2299: 2267: 2261: 2260: 2250: 2226: 2220: 2219: 2209: 2199: 2167: 2161: 2160: 2150: 2141:(48): 46779–84. 2126: 2120: 2119: 2079: 2073: 2072: 2062: 2030: 2024: 2023: 2013: 2003: 1994:(Pt 3): 882–90. 1979: 1973: 1972: 1962: 1938: 1932: 1928: 1922: 1919: 1913: 1912: 1902: 1878: 1872: 1871: 1861: 1829: 1823: 1822: 1815: 1809: 1808: 1798: 1766: 1760: 1759: 1749: 1739: 1730:(12): e1000767. 1715: 1709: 1708: 1688: 1682: 1681: 1661: 1655: 1654: 1626: 1475:functions as an 1449:functions as an 1302:ribonucleic acid 1232: 1175:flowering plants 1098:exoribonucleases 1062: 1056: 1049: 1043: 1037: 1031: 1025: 1019: 1013: 1007: 1001: 995: 989: 983: 977: 971: 965: 959: 953: 947: 941: 935: 929: 923: 917: 911: 905: 899: 893: 887: 881: 875: 869: 863: 857: 851: 845: 839: 833: 827: 821: 815: 809: 803: 797: 791: 785: 779: 773: 767: 761: 755: 749: 743: 737: 731: 725: 719: 713: 707: 701: 695: 689: 683: 677: 671: 665: 659: 653: 647: 641: 635: 629: 623: 617: 611: 605: 599: 593: 587: 581: 575: 569: 563: 557: 551: 545: 539: 533: 527: 521: 515: 509: 503: 497: 491: 485: 479: 473: 467: 461: 455: 449: 443: 437: 431: 425: 419: 413: 407: 401: 395: 389: 383: 377: 371: 365: 359: 353: 347: 341: 335: 329: 323: 317: 311: 305: 299: 293: 287: 281: 275: 269: 263: 257: 251: 245: 239: 233: 227: 221: 215: 209: 203: 197: 191: 184: 178: 172: 105: 104: 41: 31: 19: 18: 3547: 3546: 3542: 3541: 3540: 3538: 3537: 3536: 3507: 3506: 3505: 3493: 3485: 3483: 3478: 3390:Oxidoreductases 3376: 3352:Enzyme kinetics 3340: 3336:List of enzymes 3309: 3278: 3249:Catalytic triad 3227: 3222: 3192: 3179: 3146: 3034: 3024: 3018: 2981: 2968: 2956:Exoribonuclease 2950: 2927: 2911: 2907: 2898: 2872:Arylsulfatase L 2867:Arylsulfatase B 2862:Arylsulfatase A 2837: 2750: 2741: 2580: 2548: 2410: 2398: 2384: 2342: 2321: 2313: 2268: 2264: 2227: 2223: 2168: 2164: 2127: 2123: 2080: 2076: 2031: 2027: 1980: 1976: 1939: 1935: 1929: 1925: 1920: 1916: 1879: 1875: 1830: 1826: 1817: 1816: 1812: 1781:(37): 7835–41. 1767: 1763: 1716: 1712: 1705: 1689: 1685: 1678: 1662: 1658: 1637:(Pt 7): 843–9. 1627: 1623: 1619: 1594: 1581: 1431: 1224: 1196: 1191: 1158:, a variety of 1123:polyadenylation 1106: 1080:) is a type of 1058: 1052: 1045: 1039: 1033: 1027: 1021: 1015: 1009: 1003: 997: 991: 985: 979: 973: 967: 961: 955: 949: 943: 937: 931: 925: 919: 913: 907: 901: 895: 889: 883: 877: 871: 865: 859: 853: 847: 841: 835: 829: 823: 817: 811: 805: 799: 793: 787: 781: 775: 769: 763: 757: 751: 745: 739: 733: 727: 721: 715: 709: 703: 697: 691: 685: 679: 673: 667: 661: 655: 649: 643: 637: 631: 625: 619: 613: 607: 601: 595: 589: 583: 577: 571: 565: 559: 553: 547: 541: 535: 529: 523: 517: 511: 505: 499: 493: 487: 481: 475: 469: 463: 457: 451: 445: 439: 433: 427: 421: 415: 409: 403: 397: 391: 385: 379: 373: 367: 361: 355: 349: 343: 337: 331: 325: 319: 313: 307: 301: 295: 289: 283: 277: 271: 265: 259: 253: 247: 241: 235: 229: 223: 217: 211: 205: 199: 193: 187: 180: 174: 168: 42: 37: 17: 12: 11: 5: 3545: 3535: 3534: 3529: 3524: 3519: 3504: 3503: 3480: 3479: 3477: 3476: 3463: 3450: 3437: 3424: 3411: 3398: 3384: 3382: 3378: 3377: 3375: 3374: 3369: 3364: 3359: 3354: 3348: 3346: 3342: 3341: 3339: 3338: 3333: 3328: 3323: 3317: 3315: 3314:Classification 3311: 3310: 3308: 3307: 3302: 3297: 3292: 3286: 3284: 3280: 3279: 3277: 3276: 3271: 3266: 3261: 3256: 3251: 3246: 3241: 3235: 3233: 3229: 3228: 3221: 3220: 3213: 3206: 3198: 3189: 3188: 3185: 3184: 3181: 3180: 3178: 3177: 3172: 3167: 3166: 3165: 3154: 3152: 3148: 3147: 3145: 3144: 3139: 3138: 3137: 3132: 3127: 3122: 3112: 3107: 3102: 3097: 3096: 3095: 3090: 3085: 3080: 3070: 3069: 3068: 3059: 3044: 3042: 3036: 3035: 3033: 3032: 3027: 3012: 3007: 3002: 2996: 2994: 2985: 2974: 2973: 2970: 2969: 2967: 2966: 2960: 2958: 2952: 2951: 2949: 2948: 2942: 2940: 2931: 2917: 2900: 2899: 2897: 2896: 2891: 2886: 2881: 2880: 2879: 2874: 2869: 2864: 2851: 2849: 2839: 2838: 2836: 2835: 2830: 2820: 2815: 2806: 2801: 2796: 2791: 2790: 2789: 2779: 2778: 2777: 2772: 2762: 2756: 2754: 2743: 2742: 2740: 2739: 2734: 2729: 2720: 2719: 2718: 2700: 2699: 2698: 2688: 2683: 2678: 2673: 2668: 2667: 2666: 2656: 2655: 2654: 2644: 2639: 2634: 2617: 2616: 2615: 2610: 2605: 2594: 2592: 2582: 2581: 2579: 2578: 2573: 2568: 2562: 2560: 2550: 2549: 2547: 2546: 2541: 2535: 2534: 2533: 2532: 2527: 2522: 2511: 2510: 2509: 2508: 2506:Diacylglycerol 2503: 2498: 2493: 2488: 2483: 2478: 2473: 2468: 2459: 2448: 2447: 2442: 2437: 2435:Pectinesterase 2432: 2431: 2430: 2425: 2418:Cholinesterase 2414: 2412: 2400: 2399: 2383: 2382: 2375: 2368: 2360: 2354: 2353: 2348: 2341: 2340:External links 2338: 2337: 2336: 2329: 2320: 2317: 2312: 2311: 2282:(5): 1079–87. 2262: 2241:(7): 4626–33. 2221: 2162: 2121: 2074: 2025: 1974: 1947:Molecular Cell 1933: 1923: 1914: 1873: 1824: 1810: 1761: 1710: 1703: 1683: 1676: 1656: 1620: 1618: 1615: 1593: 1590: 1580: 1577: 1576: 1575: 1560: 1545: 1530: 1518: 1496: 1484: 1458: 1430: 1427: 1426: 1425: 1409: 1393: 1378: 1363: 1348: 1333: 1321: 1282: 1270: 1254: 1238: 1195: 1192: 1190: 1189:Classification 1187: 1119:5' end capping 1105: 1102: 1069: 1068: 1065: 1064: 166: 160: 159: 154: 148: 147: 134: 128: 127: 117: 110: 109: 101: 100: 87: 81: 80: 75: 69: 68: 63: 57: 56: 53: 49: 48: 44: 43: 32: 24: 23: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 3544: 3533: 3530: 3528: 3525: 3523: 3520: 3518: 3517:Ribonucleases 3515: 3514: 3512: 3502: 3497: 3492: 3491: 3488: 3474: 3470: 3469: 3464: 3461: 3457: 3456: 3451: 3448: 3444: 3443: 3438: 3435: 3431: 3430: 3425: 3422: 3418: 3417: 3412: 3409: 3405: 3404: 3399: 3396: 3392: 3391: 3386: 3385: 3383: 3379: 3373: 3370: 3368: 3365: 3363: 3360: 3358: 3355: 3353: 3350: 3349: 3347: 3343: 3337: 3334: 3332: 3331:Enzyme family 3329: 3327: 3324: 3322: 3319: 3318: 3316: 3312: 3306: 3303: 3301: 3298: 3296: 3295:Cooperativity 3293: 3291: 3288: 3287: 3285: 3281: 3275: 3272: 3270: 3267: 3265: 3262: 3260: 3257: 3255: 3254:Oxyanion hole 3252: 3250: 3247: 3245: 3242: 3240: 3237: 3236: 3234: 3230: 3226: 3219: 3214: 3212: 3207: 3205: 3200: 3199: 3196: 3176: 3173: 3171: 3168: 3164: 3161: 3160: 3159: 3156: 3155: 3153: 3149: 3143: 3140: 3136: 3133: 3131: 3128: 3126: 3123: 3121: 3118: 3117: 3116: 3113: 3111: 3108: 3106: 3103: 3101: 3098: 3094: 3091: 3089: 3086: 3084: 3081: 3079: 3076: 3075: 3074: 3071: 3067: 3063: 3060: 3058: 3054: 3051: 3050: 3049: 3046: 3045: 3043: 3041: 3037: 3031: 3028: 3023: 3016: 3013: 3011: 3008: 3006: 3003: 3001: 2998: 2997: 2995: 2993: 2989: 2986: 2984: 2979: 2975: 2965: 2962: 2961: 2959: 2957: 2953: 2947: 2944: 2943: 2941: 2939: 2935: 2932: 2930: 2925: 2921: 2918: 2915: 2910: 2905: 2901: 2895: 2892: 2890: 2887: 2885: 2882: 2878: 2875: 2873: 2870: 2868: 2865: 2863: 2860: 2859: 2858: 2857: 2856:arylsulfatase 2853: 2852: 2850: 2848: 2844: 2840: 2834: 2831: 2828: 2824: 2821: 2819: 2816: 2814: 2810: 2807: 2805: 2802: 2800: 2797: 2795: 2792: 2788: 2785: 2784: 2783: 2780: 2776: 2773: 2771: 2768: 2767: 2766: 2765:Phospholipase 2763: 2761: 2758: 2757: 2755: 2753: 2748: 2744: 2738: 2735: 2733: 2730: 2728: 2724: 2721: 2717: 2713: 2709: 2706: 2705: 2704: 2701: 2697: 2694: 2693: 2692: 2689: 2687: 2684: 2682: 2679: 2677: 2674: 2672: 2669: 2665: 2662: 2661: 2660: 2657: 2653: 2650: 2649: 2648: 2645: 2643: 2640: 2638: 2635: 2633: 2629: 2625: 2621: 2618: 2614: 2611: 2609: 2606: 2604: 2601: 2600: 2599: 2596: 2595: 2593: 2591: 2587: 2583: 2577: 2574: 2572: 2569: 2567: 2564: 2563: 2561: 2559: 2555: 2551: 2545: 2542: 2540: 2537: 2536: 2531: 2528: 2526: 2523: 2521: 2518: 2517: 2516: 2515:Phospholipase 2513: 2512: 2507: 2504: 2502: 2499: 2497: 2494: 2492: 2489: 2487: 2484: 2482: 2479: 2477: 2474: 2472: 2469: 2467: 2463: 2460: 2458: 2455: 2454: 2453: 2450: 2449: 2446: 2443: 2441: 2438: 2436: 2433: 2429: 2426: 2424: 2421: 2420: 2419: 2416: 2415: 2413: 2409: 2405: 2401: 2396: 2392: 2388: 2381: 2376: 2374: 2369: 2367: 2362: 2361: 2358: 2352: 2349: 2347: 2344: 2343: 2335:(3) 371–382. 2334: 2330: 2327: 2323: 2322: 2316: 2307: 2303: 2298: 2293: 2289: 2285: 2281: 2277: 2273: 2266: 2258: 2254: 2249: 2244: 2240: 2236: 2232: 2225: 2217: 2213: 2208: 2203: 2198: 2193: 2189: 2185: 2181: 2177: 2173: 2166: 2158: 2154: 2149: 2144: 2140: 2136: 2132: 2125: 2117: 2113: 2109: 2105: 2101: 2097: 2094:(4): 585–97. 2093: 2089: 2085: 2078: 2070: 2066: 2061: 2056: 2052: 2048: 2044: 2040: 2036: 2029: 2021: 2017: 2012: 2007: 2002: 1997: 1993: 1989: 1985: 1978: 1970: 1966: 1961: 1956: 1953:(4): 506–17. 1952: 1948: 1944: 1937: 1927: 1918: 1910: 1906: 1901: 1896: 1893:(3): 462–74. 1892: 1888: 1884: 1877: 1869: 1865: 1860: 1855: 1851: 1847: 1844:(2): 144–51. 1843: 1839: 1835: 1828: 1820: 1814: 1806: 1802: 1797: 1792: 1788: 1784: 1780: 1776: 1772: 1765: 1757: 1753: 1748: 1743: 1738: 1733: 1729: 1725: 1724:PLOS Genetics 1721: 1714: 1706: 1700: 1696: 1695: 1687: 1679: 1673: 1669: 1668: 1660: 1652: 1648: 1644: 1640: 1636: 1632: 1625: 1621: 1614: 1612: 1608: 1604: 1599: 1589: 1587: 1573: 1572: 1567: 1564: 1561: 1558: 1557: 1552: 1549: 1546: 1543: 1542: 1537: 1534: 1531: 1528: 1527: 1522: 1519: 1516: 1512: 1511: 1506: 1503: 1500: 1497: 1494: 1493: 1488: 1485: 1482: 1479:as well as a 1478: 1474: 1473: 1468: 1465: 1462: 1459: 1456: 1453:as well as a 1452: 1448: 1447: 1442: 1439: 1436: 1433: 1432: 1422: 1421: 1416: 1413: 1410: 1406: 1405: 1400: 1397: 1394: 1391: 1390: 1385: 1382: 1379: 1376: 1375: 1370: 1367: 1364: 1361: 1360: 1355: 1352: 1349: 1346: 1345: 1340: 1337: 1334: 1331: 1330: 1325: 1322: 1319: 1315: 1311: 1307: 1303: 1299: 1295: 1294: 1289: 1286: 1283: 1280: 1279: 1275:3.1.26.-??: 1274: 1271: 1267: 1266: 1261: 1258: 1255: 1251: 1250: 1245: 1242: 1239: 1236: 1231: 1227: 1222: 1218: 1217: 1212: 1209: 1206: 1205: 1200: 1186: 1184: 1180: 1176: 1172: 1168: 1163: 1161: 1157: 1153: 1148: 1146: 1142: 1138: 1136: 1130: 1128: 1124: 1120: 1114: 1112: 1101: 1099: 1095: 1091: 1087: 1083: 1079: 1075: 1061: 1055: 1051: 1048: 1042: 1036: 1030: 1024: 1018: 1012: 1006: 1000: 994: 988: 982: 976: 970: 964: 958: 952: 946: 940: 934: 928: 922: 916: 910: 904: 898: 892: 886: 880: 874: 868: 862: 856: 850: 844: 838: 832: 826: 820: 814: 808: 802: 796: 790: 784: 778: 772: 766: 760: 754: 748: 742: 736: 730: 724: 718: 712: 706: 700: 694: 688: 682: 676: 670: 664: 658: 652: 646: 640: 634: 628: 622: 616: 610: 604: 598: 592: 586: 580: 574: 568: 562: 556: 550: 544: 538: 532: 526: 520: 514: 508: 502: 496: 490: 484: 478: 472: 466: 460: 454: 448: 442: 436: 430: 424: 418: 412: 406: 400: 394: 388: 382: 376: 370: 364: 358: 352: 346: 340: 334: 328: 322: 316: 310: 304: 298: 292: 286: 280: 274: 268: 262: 256: 250: 244: 238: 232: 226: 220: 214: 208: 202: 196: 190: 183: 177: 171: 167: 165: 161: 158: 155: 153: 149: 146: 142: 138: 135: 133: 129: 125: 121: 118: 115: 111: 106: 102: 99: 95: 91: 88: 86: 82: 79: 76: 74: 70: 67: 64: 62: 58: 54: 50: 45: 40: 35: 30: 25: 20: 3468:Translocases 3465: 3452: 3439: 3426: 3413: 3403:Transferases 3400: 3387: 3244:Binding site 3025:}} 3019:{{ 2983:Endonuclease 2914:ribonuclease 2913: 2854: 2637:Nucleotidase 2558:Thioesterase 2332: 2325: 2314: 2279: 2275: 2265: 2238: 2234: 2224: 2182:(7): e6424. 2179: 2175: 2165: 2138: 2134: 2124: 2091: 2087: 2077: 2045:(5): 253–9. 2042: 2038: 2028: 1991: 1988:Microbiology 1987: 1977: 1950: 1946: 1936: 1926: 1917: 1890: 1886: 1876: 1841: 1838:EMBO Reports 1837: 1827: 1813: 1778: 1775:Biochemistry 1774: 1764: 1727: 1723: 1713: 1693: 1686: 1666: 1659: 1634: 1630: 1624: 1595: 1582: 1569: 1554: 1539: 1524: 1508: 1490: 1470: 1444: 1418: 1402: 1387: 1372: 1357: 1342: 1327: 1291: 1276: 1263: 1247: 1220: 1214: 1167:angiogenesis 1164: 1149: 1133: 1131: 1115: 1107: 1077: 1074:Ribonuclease 1073: 1072: 1057:A:83-175 1050:A:82-174 1044:A:82-174 1038:B:82-174 1032:A:82-174 972:A:46-129 942:A:46-129 930:A:46-129 918:A:46-129 912:A:46-129 900:B:46-129 894:A:46-129 888:A:46-129 882:A:46-129 876:A:46-129 870:A:46-129 864:A:46-129 858:C:46-129 834:A:46-129 828:A:46-129 810:D:46-129 792:B:46-129 786:B:46-129 756:A:46-129 750:A:46-129 744:A:46-129 738:A:46-129 732:A:46-129 726:A:46-129 720:A:46-129 708:D:46-129 696:A:46-129 690:A:46-129 684:A:46-129 672:A:46-129 666:B:46-129 660:A:46-129 654:A:46-129 630:D:46-129 624:A:46-129 618:B:46-129 612:A:46-129 600:A:46-129 594:A:46-129 588:M:67-156 582:B:67-156 576:C:67-156 570:A:67-156 564:A:67-156 558:B:67-156 552:A:67-156 546:C:67-156 540:A:67-156 534:C:67-156 528:C:67-156 516:C:67-156 504:B:67-156 498:C:67-156 492:C:67-156 486:C:67-156 480:B:67-156 474:B:67-156 468:C:67-156 462:A:67-156 456:B:67-156 450:B:67-156 444:B:67-156 438:B:67-156 432:C:67-156 426:B:67-156 420:B:67-156 414:B:67-156 408:B:67-156 402:A:67-156 396:C:67-156 390:C:67-156 384:A:67-156 378:B:67-156 372:A:67-156 366:B:67-156 360:A:72-161 354:A:72-161 348:B:72-161 342:A:72-161 336:B:72-161 330:A:79-159 324:B:79-159 318:X:11-92 312:B:11-92 306:B:11-92 300:B:11-92 294:B:11-92 288:A:11-92 282:A:11-92 276:B:11-92 270:A:11-92 264:A:11-92 258:B:11-92 252:A:11-92 246:A:11-92 240:B:11-92 234:A:11-92 228:A:11-92 222:B:11-92 216:A:11-92 210:B:11-92 204:B:11-92 198:A:11-92 192:A:11-92 186: 185:B:11-92 179:A:56-137 173:A:56-137 55:Ribonuclease 33: 22:ribonuclease 3239:Active site 3158:Nuclease S1 2929:Exonuclease 2823:Lecithinase 2652:Calcineurin 2590:Phosphatase 2496:Lipoprotein 2486:Endothelial 1477:exonuclease 1451:exonuclease 1150:Similar to 1026::23-113 1020::45-127 1014::45-127 1008::45-127 1002::45-127 996::21-102 990::21-102 984::46-129 978::46-129 966::46-129 960::46-129 954::46-129 948::46-129 936::46-129 924::46-129 906::46-129 852::46-129 846::46-129 840::46-129 822::46-129 816::46-129 804::46-129 798::46-129 780::46-129 774::46-129 768::46-129 762::46-129 714::46-129 702::46-129 678::46-129 648::46-129 642::46-129 636::46-129 606::46-129 522::67-156 510::67-156 47:Identifiers 3511:Categories 3442:Isomerases 3416:Hydrolases 3283:Regulation 2471:Pancreatic 2408:Carboxylic 1617:References 1424:structure. 1329:RNase PhyM 120:structures 3532:EC 3.1.27 3527:EC 3.1.26 3321:EC number 3048:RNase III 2906:(includes 2847:Sulfatase 2760:Autotaxin 2624:Prostatic 2476:Lysosomal 2391:esterases 2387:Hydrolase 1521:EC number 1499:EC number 1487:EC number 1461:EC number 1435:EC number 1399:3.1.26.12 1326:3.1.??: 1324:EC number 1273:EC number 1265:RNase III 1235:denatured 1121:, 3' end 1086:catalyzes 78:IPR000026 3345:Kinetics 3269:Cofactor 3232:Activity 3142:RNase T1 2904:Nuclease 2539:Cutinase 2306:18211964 2257:17150966 2216:19641608 2176:PLOS ONE 2157:12244054 2116:20922592 2108:16969722 2069:20189811 2020:19246759 1969:25458845 1909:18984158 1868:19165139 1805:21838247 1756:20011113 1651:20606265 1566:3.1.13.1 1551:3.1.11.1 1536:3.1.13.3 1523:3.1.??: 1505:3.1.13.5 1489:3.1.??: 1472:RNase PH 1467:2.7.7.56 1420:RNase G 1415:3.1.26.- 1404:RNase E 1384:3.1.27.8 1374:RNase U2 1369:3.1.27.4 1359:RNase T2 1354:3.1.27.1 1344:RNase T1 1339:3.1.27.3 1314:ribosome 1298:ribozyme 1288:3.1.26.5 1260:3.1.26.3 1253:product. 1244:3.1.26.4 1211:3.1.27.5 1183:homology 1104:Function 1082:nuclease 1063:A:83-175 137:RCSB PDB 73:InterPro 3501:Biology 3455:Ligases 3225:Enzymes 3115:RNase E 3110:RNase Z 3105:RNase A 3100:RNase P 3073:RNase H 2691:Phytase 2491:Hepatic 2466:Lingual 2462:Gastric 2319:Sources 2297:2692241 2207:2712763 2184:Bibcode 2060:2888479 2011:2662391 1859:2637324 1796:3172371 1747:2781298 1611:exapted 1607:RNase A 1526:RNase T 1510:RNase D 1492:RNase R 1441:2.7.7.8 1389:RNase V 1318:protein 1293:RNase P 1278:RNase L 1249:RNase H 1216:RNase A 66:PF00545 3522:EC 3.1 3487:Portal 3429:Lyases 3053:Drosha 2978:3.1.21 2946:RecBCD 2924:3.1.11 2544:PETase 2452:Lipase 2304:  2294:  2255:  2214:  2204:  2155:  2114:  2106:  2067:  2057:  2018:  2008:  1967:  1907:  1866:  1856:  1803:  1793:  1754:  1744:  1701:  1674:  1649:  1603:DNases 1586:CRISPR 1306:enzyme 1143:; the 152:PDBsum 126:  116:  98:SUPFAM 52:Symbol 3381:Types 3062:Dicer 3017:;see 2843:3.1.6 2813:PDE4B 2809:PDE4A 2747:3.1.4 2716:IMPA3 2712:IMPA2 2708:IMPA1 2586:3.1.3 2554:3.1.2 2404:3.1.1 2112:S2CID 1515:tRNAs 1084:that 1078:RNase 94:SCOPe 85:SCOP2 3473:list 3466:EC7 3460:list 3453:EC6 3447:list 3440:EC5 3434:list 3427:EC4 3421:list 3414:EC3 3408:list 3401:EC2 3395:list 3388:EC1 2980:-31: 2926:-16: 2912:and 2818:PDE5 2804:PDE3 2799:PDE2 2794:PDE1 2686:PTEN 2671:OCRL 2664:PP2A 2613:ALPP 2608:ALPL 2603:ALPI 2397:3.1) 2302:PMID 2253:PMID 2212:PMID 2153:PMID 2104:PMID 2065:PMID 2016:PMID 1965:PMID 1905:PMID 1887:Cell 1864:PMID 1801:PMID 1752:PMID 1699:ISBN 1672:ISBN 1647:PMID 1596:The 1310:tRNA 1300:– a 1230:2AAS 1221:e.g. 1169:and 1137:(RI) 1111:RNAi 1096:and 1060:1r4y 1054:1de3 1047:1jbs 1041:1jbt 1035:1jbr 1029:1aqz 1023:1rtu 1017:1rck 1011:1fus 1005:1rcl 999:1fut 993:1rds 987:1rms 981:1rgk 975:4rnt 969:1i2f 963:5rnt 957:8rnt 951:2aae 945:7rnt 939:1iyy 933:3gsp 927:1hyf 921:2gsp 915:2bu4 909:1i3i 903:1lra 897:2aad 891:1tto 885:2bir 879:1loy 873:1g02 867:5bir 861:1i3f 855:1q9e 849:3bir 843:9rnt 837:5gsp 831:1lov 825:1fzu 819:1rn4 813:1rgl 807:3hoh 801:2rnt 795:4bir 789:1rgc 783:1ch0 777:6rnt 771:1bu4 765:1gsp 759:1ygw 753:7gsp 747:5hoh 741:1trp 735:1hz1 729:5bu4 723:1rhl 717:4bu4 711:1rga 705:4hoh 699:1rnt 693:1rn1 687:3bu4 681:1i2g 675:1det 669:1trq 663:1bir 657:1i0x 651:1low 645:4gsp 639:6gsp 633:3rnt 627:2hoh 621:1i2e 615:1bvi 609:1fys 603:1rls 597:1i0v 591:1b2m 585:1brn 579:1x1x 573:1b21 567:1rnb 561:1fw7 555:1x1u 549:1a2p 543:1bng 537:1bne 531:1brj 525:1brs 519:1yvs 513:1b2s 507:1bnr 501:1b20 495:1b27 489:1b2u 483:1bri 477:1x1y 471:1bse 465:1bsc 459:1b2z 453:1b2x 447:1bni 441:1x1w 435:1b3s 429:1bsb 423:1bsa 417:1bnj 411:1bgs 405:1bnf 399:1bns 393:1brk 387:1brg 381:1brh 375:1ban 369:1bsd 363:1bao 357:1buj 351:1gov 345:1gou 339:1goy 333:2rbi 327:1pyl 321:1py3 315:1ynv 309:1gmr 303:1i8v 297:1rgh 291:1rgg 285:1rgf 279:1gmp 273:1sar 267:1uci 261:1gmq 255:1rsn 249:1c54 243:1t2i 237:1rge 231:1ucl 225:1box 219:1t2h 213:1ay7 207:1lni 201:1ucj 195:2sar 189:1i70 182:1uck 176:1mgr 170:1mgw 145:PDBj 141:PDBe 124:ECOD 114:Pfam 90:1brn 61:Pfam 39:3agn 3135:4/5 2292:PMC 2284:doi 2243:doi 2239:282 2202:PMC 2192:doi 2143:doi 2139:277 2096:doi 2055:PMC 2047:doi 2006:PMC 1996:doi 1992:155 1955:doi 1895:doi 1891:135 1854:PMC 1846:doi 1791:PMC 1783:doi 1742:PMC 1732:doi 1639:doi 1443:: 1226:PDB 1173:in 1156:DNA 1090:RNA 164:PDB 132:PDB 3513:: 3093:2C 3088:2B 3083:2A 3064:: 3055:: 2845:: 2725:: 2714:, 2710:, 2626:)/ 2588:: 2556:: 2525:A2 2520:A1 2406:: 2395:EC 2389:: 2300:. 2290:. 2280:83 2278:. 2274:. 2251:. 2237:. 2233:. 2210:. 2200:. 2190:. 2178:. 2174:. 2151:. 2137:. 2133:. 2110:. 2102:. 2092:10 2090:. 2086:. 2063:. 2053:. 2043:35 2041:. 2037:. 2014:. 2004:. 1990:. 1986:. 1963:. 1951:56 1949:. 1945:. 1903:. 1889:. 1885:. 1862:. 1852:. 1842:10 1840:. 1836:. 1799:. 1789:. 1779:50 1777:. 1773:. 1750:. 1740:. 1726:. 1722:. 1645:. 1635:66 1633:. 1568:: 1563:EC 1553:: 1548:EC 1538:: 1533:EC 1507:: 1502:EC 1469:: 1464:EC 1438:EC 1417:: 1412:EC 1401:: 1396:EC 1386:: 1381:EC 1371:: 1366:EC 1356:: 1351:EC 1341:: 1336:EC 1290:: 1285:EC 1262:: 1257:EC 1246:: 1241:EC 1228:: 1213:: 1208:EC 1185:. 1113:. 143:; 139:; 122:/ 96:/ 92:/ 3489:: 3475:) 3471:( 3462:) 3458:( 3449:) 3445:( 3436:) 3432:( 3423:) 3419:( 3410:) 3406:( 3397:) 3393:( 3217:e 3210:t 3203:v 3130:3 3125:2 3120:1 3078:1 2916:) 2829:) 2825:( 2811:/ 2787:1 2775:D 2770:C 2749:: 2630:/ 2622:( 2530:B 2464:/ 2393:( 2379:e 2372:t 2365:v 2308:. 2286:: 2259:. 2245:: 2218:. 2194:: 2186:: 2180:4 2159:. 2145:: 2118:. 2098:: 2071:. 2049:: 2022:. 1998:: 1971:. 1957:: 1911:. 1897:: 1870:. 1848:: 1821:. 1807:. 1785:: 1758:. 1734:: 1728:5 1707:. 1680:. 1653:. 1641:: 1517:. 1483:. 1457:.

Index


3agn
Pfam
PF00545
InterPro
IPR000026
SCOP2
1brn
SCOPe
SUPFAM
Pfam
structures
ECOD
PDB
RCSB PDB
PDBe
PDBj
PDBsum
structure summary
PDB
1mgw
1mgr
1uck
1i70
2sar
1ucj
1lni
1ay7
1t2h
1box

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