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near
Barcelona. His designs in more recent years gradually shed his classical decorative vocabulary of the 1980s and 1990s, while retaining a highly formal sense of geometry. Representative buildings of this more recent period include the
298:, Catalonia's oldest professional architecture school. Ricardo Bofill would later describe him as "republican, liberal, progressive, austere and logical." Ricardo's mother, Maria Levi (1909-1991), was an Italian of Jewish descent born in
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in 1963 and developed it into a leading international architectural and urban design practice. According to architectural historian Andrew Ayers, his creations rank "among the most impressive buildings of the 20th century."
1088:: "Transformations in Modern Architecture" (1979), "Ricardo Bofill and Leon Krier: Architecture, Urbanism, and History" (1985), and "Architecture & Design Drawings: Rotation 3" (2006). They were also featured at the
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and classical forms and geometries in contemporary architecture, which Bofill called "modern classicism". As a consequence, Bofill opus is often cited as that one of the most representative and signififant
410:
in the center of
Barcelona. Building on Catalan traditions of craftsmanship, he enlisted architects and engineers but also writers and artists into a multidisciplinary effort, which later branched into
2158:
1025:, 1966. Color, 35 mm, 17 minutes. Directed by Ricardo Bofill and Carles Durán. Actors: Serena Vergano, Salvador Clotas. Phography: Juan Amorós. Presented at Festival de Tours, France, 1968
260:
532:("the small cathedral") but actually intended as a large-scale development, which was approved in 1973 but canceled in 1974. Another major development was a competition-winning concept for
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has acknowledged the seminal influence of Bofill's early work such as La Fábrica and Walden 7 on his own vision of what creativity could achieve in architecture.
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From the mid-1980s on, he increasingly shifted to glass and steel for the materials used in his projects, while still using a classical vocabulary of columns and
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in 1958, which he left in 1960 to return to Spain. His first architecture design was a summer home in Ibiza, completed in 1960. In 1961-1962 he went into
Spanish
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1035:, Modesto Bertrán. Phography: Juan Amorós. Choreography: Antonio Miralles. Presented at 48 Mostra Cinematografica Internazionale di Venezia, Sala Volpi, 1991.
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in
Southern France, for which Bofill presented the initial master plan in 1978. It is associated with both large-scale industrialization in
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and journalist Jean-Laurent
Cassely wrote that "the monumental projects designed by Spanish architect Ricardo-Bofill in Noisy-le-Grand (
351:, and was soon arrested in a demonstration and expelled from the university and from Spain. He moved to Switzerland and enrolled at the
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in the 1950s. He spent much of his youth traveling, first with his family and later on his own, and developed a passion for
673:, and are co-leading the firm as of January 2022. From the 1990s, Bofill lived in Barcelona together with Catalan designer
348:
1359:
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1031:, 1969-1970. Color, 35 mm, 60 minutes. Directed by Ricardo Bofill, Carles Durán and Manolo Núñez Yanosvski. Actors:
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419:. The team experimented on original methodologies based on three-dimensional modular geometries, such as those of the
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1980: Prize of
Architecture of the City of Barcelona, for the renovation of the cement factory in Sant Just Desvern
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Several architects who worked with Bofill went on to create significant architecture firms of their own, notably
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406:(Ricardo Bofill Architecture Workshop), initially hosted in his father's construction business with offices on
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In a noted study of France's evolving social structures and landscapes published in 2021, political scientist
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in Paris in 1975, whose construction subsequently started but was reversed in 1978 by the newly elected mayor
1209:
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256:
2159:"El Palacio Municipal de Congresos retoma sus actividad con un acto para conmemorar sus dos décadas de vida"
1801:
Ricardo Bofill Taller de
Arquitectura: Architecture in the era of local culture and international experience
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for nine months. He was again arrested and briefly incarcerated on political grounds in
Barcelona in 1964.
2015:
244:, Ricardo Bofill grew up in a well-to-do family with deep Catalan and Barcelonese roots. His grandfather
1922:
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901:
302:, who became a prominent sponsor of Catalan literature and culture in post-war Barcelona. His sister
1837:"La cultura de la rebelión. La ciudad en el espacio de Moratalaz. Taller de Arquitectura (1969-1970)"
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1982:
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1817:
La
Agregación Modular Como Mecanismo Proyectual Residencial en España: El Taller de Arquitectura
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around Paris which offered a favorable environment for large-scale experimentation, including
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2000:
El arquitecto
Ricardo Bofill recibió el poder general para controlar una sociedad en Panamá
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Bofill then started working in France, and gradually introduced symbolic elements into the
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2124:"The UPC has conferred an honorary doctoral degree on the architect Ricardo Bofill Levi"
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and can be viewed as a reaction against both architectural modernism and the
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Early housing complexes in Spain based on geometrical pattern combinations:
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Escola Técnica i Superior d'Arquitectura La Salle - Universitat Ramon Llull
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near Barcelona (1970-1975). These projects were recognized as exemplars of
412:
22:
1060:) are basically the architectural signature of the 1980s" in the country.
746:, developed from 1979 with many buildings also designed by Bofill and his
255:(1860-1938) had been involved in prominent local institutions such as the
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La France sous nos yeux : Economie, paysages, nouveaux modes de vie
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1989: Académie Internationale de Philosophie de l´Art, Bern, Switzerland
2223:
Ricardo Bofill Taller de Arquitectura: Buildings and Projects 1960-1984
2196:
Ricardo Bofill, Los Espacios de Abraxas, El Palacio, El Teatro, El Arco
2050:"Muere Ricardo Bofill, el más cosmopolita de los arquitectos españoles"
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2216:
Ricardo Bofill Taller de Arquitectura: Edificios y proyectos 1960-1984
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51:
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469:
464:. The same thinking was developed on a larger scale with the project
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urban project, to develop a design concept analogous to that of the
285:(1907-2000) was an architect, builder, and developer who studied at
2105:
2089:
1942:"Dreams and Manifestos: The Architectural Vision of Ricardo Bofill"
1923:"Discover the Surreal Architecture of Postmodernist Ricardo Bofill"
1835:
Montserrat Villaverde Rey; Anna Martínez Duran (30 November 2020).
894:
685:
594:
481:
152:
219:; 5 December 1939 – 14 January 2022) was a Spanish architect from
2016:"Ricardo Bofill, Architect of Otherworldly Buildings, Dies at 82"
1886:"M. Chirac fait interrompre la construction de l'immeuble Bofill"
1772:
Ricardo Bofill Taller de Arquitectura: Towards a Human Vernacular
669:, born in 1980. Both sons eventually worked with their father at
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26:
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1813:
2208:"The City: Classicism and Technology". Max Protetch Gallery.
347:, where he engaged in student activism with the unauthorized
224:
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2009: Life Time Achievement Award, Israeli Building Center
1256:
contains an unencyclopedic or excessive gallery of images
1167:
2009: Vittorio de Sica Architecture Prize, Quirinal, Rome
468:("The City in Space"), whose construction started in the
2141:
Manel Arranz & Elisabeth Anglarill (November 2023),
1136:
1989: Ordre des Architectes Conseils du Brabant, Belgium
2090:
Jérôme Fourquet; Jean-Laurent Cassely (October 2021).
698:
List of works by Ricardo Bofill Taller de Arquitectura
1139:
1989: Chicago Architecture Award, Illinois Council /
620:
In 2000, Bofill re-centralized the activities of the
597:. Representative projects of that period include the
402:
In 1963, Bofill and a group of close friends created
1524:
Nexus II building, UPC Campus Nord, Barcelona (2002)
978:(with François Hébert-Stevens), Paris: Arthaud, 1978
476:
in 1970 but was abruptly stopped by Francoist mayor
1904:"Antigone : Ricardo Bofill présente le projet"
760:(1998), including the creation of the urban square
688:in Barcelona on 14 January 2022, at the age of 82.
480:. It was instead realized with the construction of
337:
Escola Tècnica Superior d'Arquitectura de Barcelona
288:
Escola Tècnica Superior d'Arquitectura de Barcelona
2175:
1883:
969:Hacia una Formalización de la Ciudad en el Espacio
661:was born in 1965. Bofill and French visual artist
1389:Taller de Arquitectura, Sant Just Desvern (1970s)
391:, public sculpture by Bofill that alludes to the
2299:
1980:
1755:Ricardo Bofill; François Hébert-Stevens (1978).
306:is an architect, composer, pianist, and author.
2276:Ricardo Bofill Taller de Arquitectura's Website
1920:
272:Royal Academy of Sciences and Arts of Barcelona
33: and the second or maternal family name is
1961:
1798:
1723:"El 'top ten' de les escoles catalanes d'elit"
1488:Teatre Nacional de Catalunya, Barcelona (1996)
1437:Communauté d'Agglomération, Montpellier (1991)
871:and residence for Bofill and his family (1975)
1704:"Emili Bofill i Benessat (España, 1907-2000)"
1268:beside adjacent text, in accordance with the
1101:1968: Fritz Schumacher Honoris Causa Degree,
540:. Other projects did come to fruition in the
523:
321:
240:Born in late 1939, just after the end of the
2070:
2047:
1769:
1666:
1425:Les Échelles de la Ville, Montpellier (1987)
2205:No.4, New York: Rizzoli International, 1985
1964:"Se casó Pablo Bofill, hijo del arquitecto"
1957:
1955:
1669:"Ricardo Bofill, A l'échelle de l'histoire"
1262:removing excessive or indiscriminate images
956:Josep Tarradellas Barcelona–El Prat Airport
954:Terminal 2 (1992) and Terminal 1 (2009) of
528:in Reus. This morphed into a project named
235:
2348:Deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic in Spain
2281:Photos of selected works of Ricardo Bofill
2189:Ricardo Bofill, Projets Français 1978-1981
1939:
1784:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1720:
1413:Esplanade de l'Europe, Montpellier (1980s)
1341:Apartaments El Castell, Sant Pere de Ribes
1080:were featured in three exhibitions of the
648:
50:
2258:. Barcelona: Taller de Arquitectura, 1993
2201:“Ricardo Bofill Taller de Arquitectura”.
2013:
1512:Olympic Swimming Pool, Montpellier (1999)
1284:Learn how and when to remove this message
752:Master plan for the redevelopment of the
573:. This phase culminated in the expansive
503:s designs that echo French traditions of
371:
2048:Zabalbeascoa, Anatxu (14 January 2022).
1952:
1401:Place du Nombre d'Or, Montpellier (1984)
1317:Carrer Nicaragua 97–99, Barcelona (1965)
389:Les quatre barres de la senyera catalana
383:
2151:
1814:Pedro Alberto García Hernández (2013).
736:in Dallas (2013), Greater Moscow (2013)
677:. In October 2021, he was named in the
2300:
2014:Bernstein, Fred A. (19 January 2022).
1884:Michèle Champenois (27 October 1978).
1377:Sanctuary of Meritxell, Andorra (1977)
1109:American Society of Interior Designers
2286:Ricardo Bofill feature in some/things
2263:Ricardo Bofill Taller de Arquitectura
2243:Swift, Architecture & Technologie
2241:Jean-Louis André and Patrick Genard,
1750:
1748:
1746:
1744:
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1095:
1070:Ricardo Bofill Taller de Arquitectura
981:Ricardo Bofill and Jean-Louis André,
869:Ricardo Bofill Taller de Arquitectura
684:He died from complications linked to
671:Ricardo Bofill Taller de Arquitectura
590:to have lived and created in Europe.
404:Ricardo Bofill Taller de Arquitectura
380:Ricardo Bofill Taller de Arquitectura
354:Haute École d'art et de design Genève
229:Ricardo Bofill Taller de Arquitectura
214:
136:Ricardo Bofill Taller de Arquitectura
2183:Taller de Arquitectura : poemas
1981:Nicolás Valencia (14 January 2022).
1660:
1591:Barcelona Airport, Terminal 1 (2010)
1461:United Arrows Building, Tokyo (1992)
1240:
349:Unified Socialist Party of Catalonia
326:in Barcelona from 1949, then at the
261:Catalan Institute of Natural History
2265:. Bologna: Zanichelli Editore, 1994
2232:. Paris: Editions du Moniteur, 1989
2128:Polytechnic University of Catalonia
1449:Pa Soder Crescent, Stockholm (1992)
1329:Barri Gaudí, Reus, Catalonia (1970)
1260:Please help improve the section by
1172:Polytechnic University of Catalonia
989:, 1989 (Translated into Spanish as
13:
2343:People named in the Pandora Papers
1983:"Ricardo Bofill Passes Away at 82"
1737:
1365:Walden 7, Sant Just Desvern (1974)
1353:Walden 7, Sant Just Desvern (1974)
971:, Barcelona: Blume Editorial, 1968
951:on the Barcelona waterfront (2009)
904:apartment building in Paris (1985)
848:Mohammed VI Polytechnic University
635:Mohammed VI Polytechnic University
633:on the Barcelona seafront and the
193:Mohammed VI Polytechnic University
14:
2359:
2328:Spanish people of Italian descent
2269:
2250:Ricardo Bofill: Obras y Proyectos
2236:Ricardo Bofill. Barcelona Airport
2144:Ricardo Bofill: la hoja en blanco
2071:Julien Damon (16 November 2021).
1052:), in Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (
732:extension in Madrid (1996/1999),
691:
2323:Spanish people of Jewish descent
1921:Stefanie Waldek (5 March 2019).
1596:
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1305:Carrer Bach 28, Barcelona (1963)
1298:
1270:Manual of Style on use of images
1245:
1160:Association of German Architects
1141:American Institute of Architects
1132:American Institute of Architects
173:Antigone district in Montpellier
2218:. Barcelona: Gustavo Gili, 1988
2176:Books about Bofill and his work
2134:
2116:
2098:
2083:
2064:
2041:
2007:
1993:
1974:
1962:Josep Sandoval (14 June 2014).
1933:
1914:
1896:
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702:
2252:. Barcelona: Gustavo Gili 1992
1828:
1807:
1792:
1763:
1721:Mireia Rom (9 December 2019).
1714:
1696:
1678:
1667:Andrew Ayers (December 2020),
1604:Palacio Municipal de Congresos
1536:Citadel Center, Chicago (2003)
1116:Ordre des Architectes (France)
1063:
1039:
932:Miguel Delibes Cultural Center
910:office tower in Chicago (1992)
183:77 West Wacker Drive (Chicago)
1:
2338:Urban planners from Catalonia
2238:. Milan: Edizioni Tecno, 1991
1648:
1185:Ordre des Arts et des Lettres
1158:1996: Honorary Fellow of the
928:in Casablanca, Morocco (1999)
920:National Theater of Catalonia
817:Le Belvédère Saint-Christophe
708:Large-scale master plans for
615:National Theater of Catalonia
507:. In 1971, he was invited by
334:. In 1957 he enrolled at the
309:Bofill went to school at the
257:Institute for Catalan Studies
216:[riˈkaɾðubuˈfiʎləˈβi]
16:Spanish architect (1939–2022)
2094:. Paris: Seuil. p. 207.
1799:Serena Vergano, ed. (2009).
1673:L'Architecture d'Aujourd'hui
1198:
1170:2021: Doctor Honoris Causa,
1152:1995: Doctor Honoris Causa,
858:
25:, the first or paternal
7:
1611:
834:Burgemeester De Monchyplein
653:Bofill met Italian actress
328:Lycée français de Barcelone
246:Josep Maria Bofill i Pichot
10:
2364:
1940:Tom Morris (14 May 2019).
1908:Association Georges Frêche
1643:New Classical architecture
1236:
1067:
1056:) and in Montpellier (the
1016:
993:, 1990, and in Italian as
961:
695:
377:
20:
2333:Architects from Catalonia
2225:. New York: Rizzoli, 1988
1757:L'Architecture d'un Homme
1177:
1092:in 1980, 1982, and 1992.
1006:L’Architecture des villes
976:L’Architecture d’un Homme
803:Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines
571:Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines
201:
140:
132:
128:
118:
107:
99:
83:
58:
49:
42:
2198:. Paris: L’Equerre, 1981
2191:. Paris: L’Equerre, 1981
2185:. Barcelona: Blume, 1976
2181:José Agustín Goytisolo,
1653:
1114:1979: Architecte Agréé,
320:from 1942, the Catholic
236:Early life and education
2291:23 January 2015 at the
1130:1985: Honorary Fellow,
902:Les Échelles du Baroque
774:Urban neighborhoods in
764:and the twin towers of
649:Personal life and death
518:, a key planner of the
466:La Ciudad en el Espacio
332:vernacular architecture
2073:"La France recomposée"
1867:"La Petite Cathédrale"
1708:El Poder De La Palabra
1266:moving relevant images
1077:Taller de Arquitectura
926:Casablanca Twin Center
914:Madrid Congress Center
730:Paseo de la Castellana
726:Barcelona Diagonal Mar
524:
505:classical architecture
494:Francoist dictatorship
399:
373:Taller de Arquitectura
322:
2318:Postmodern architects
2245:. Taller Design, 1991
1841:Bitácora Arquitectura
1770:Sofia Borges (2013).
1500:Apot Building, Madrid
1220:Philippe Chiambaretta
1205:Manuel Núñez Yanowsky
1111:, International Prize
1103:University of Hamburg
1058:Antigone neighborhood
1050:Les Espaces d'Abraxas
854:, Morocco (2011/2016)
798:Les Espaces d'Abraxas
710:Boston Central Artery
659:Ricardo Emilio Bofill
617:, also in Barcelona.
588:postmodern architects
556:Les Espaces d'Abraxas
387:
168:Les Espaces d'Abraxas
2130:. 30 September 2021.
1927:Architectural Digest
1474:77 West Wacker Drive
1145:Architectural Record
1082:Museum of Modern Art
908:77 West Wacker Drive
877:El Castillo de Kafka
657:in 1962;; their son
611:1992 Summer Olympics
599:77 West Wacker Drive
530:La Petite Cathédrale
490:critical regionalism
478:Carlos Arias Navarro
437:El Castillo de Kafka
2228:Annabelle D’Huart,
2203:Global Architecture
2194:Annabelle D’Huart,
1873:. 27 February 2017.
1871:Hidden Architecture
1803:. RBTA. p. 30.
1733:on 9 December 2019.
1183:1984: Officer of l'
1000:Ricardo Bofill and
922:in Barcelona (1997)
716:waterfront (1991),
675:Marta de Vilallonga
605:, the extension of
208:Ricardo Bofill Leví
123:Marta de Vilallonga
44:Ricardo Bofill Leví
2261:Bartomeu Cruells,
2248:Bartomeu Cruells,
2020:The New York Times
1847:on 6 December 2022
1192:Creu de Sant Jordi
1096:Degrees and awards
1054:Les Arcades du Lac
867:, headquarters of
808:Les Arcades du Lac
754:Kirchberg district
734:Trinity Riverfront
566:Les Arcades du Lac
442:Sant Pere de Ribes
408:Plaça de Catalunya
400:
163:Le Perthus Pyramid
2221:Warren A. James,
1759:. Paris: Arthaud.
1618:Vittorio Gregotti
1549:W Hotel Barcelona
1294:
1293:
1286:
995:Spazi di una vita
983:Espaces d’une vie
974:Ricardo Bofill,,
825:På Söder Crescent
762:Place de l'Europe
665:had another son,
663:Annabelle d'Huart
631:W Barcelona Hotel
607:Barcelona Airport
486:Sant Just Desvern
454:(1966-1971), and
397:W Barcelona Hotel
242:Spanish Civil War
205:
204:
188:W Barcelona Hotel
178:Barcelona Airport
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2168:
2167:. 24 April 2013.
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2106:"Ricardo Bofill"
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1911:
1900:
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1843:. Archived from
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1796:
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1729:. Archived from
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1476:, Chicago (1992)
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693:
692:Selected works
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679:Pandora Papers
655:Serena Vergano
650:
647:
538:Jacques Chirac
520:Cergy-Pontoise
509:Bernard Hirsch
421:Gaudi District
417:urban planning
395:; in front of
378:Main article:
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1231:Bjarke Ingels
1226:
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448:(1964-1968),
447:
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434:(1964-1970),
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283:Emilio Bofill
281:. His father
278:
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227:. He founded
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19:
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2109:
2100:
2091:
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2054:. Retrieved
2043:
2031:. Retrieved
2019:
2009:
2003:(in Spanish)
1995:
1986:
1976:
1967:
1945:
1935:
1926:
1916:
1907:
1898:
1889:
1879:
1870:
1861:
1849:. Retrieved
1845:the original
1840:
1830:
1821:
1816:
1809:
1800:
1794:
1771:
1765:
1756:
1731:the original
1726:
1716:
1707:
1698:
1689:
1680:
1672:
1662:
1638:New Urbanism
1633:Moshe Safdie
1576:
1575:Hotel W and
1280:
1275:(April 2024)
1274:
1255:
1216:Nabil Gholam
1202:
1075:
1073:
1043:
1028:
1022:
1005:
994:
990:
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887:
881:
875:
832:
816:
806:
796:
781:Barrio Gaudí
779:
769:
765:
761:
747:
742:district in
703:Urban design
683:
667:Pablo Bofill
652:
621:
619:
592:
564:
554:
541:
529:
525:Barrio Gaudí
500:
498:
465:
455:
449:
435:
413:urban design
401:
393:Catalan flag
388:
372:
352:
335:
308:
286:
239:
207:
206:
89:(2022-01-14)
34:
30:
23:Spanish name
18:
2313:2022 deaths
2308:1939 births
1851:28 February
1223: [
1208: [
1194:, Catalonia
1119: [
1064:Exhibitions
1040:Recognition
1010:Odile Jacob
987:Odile Jacob
935: [
837: [
784: [
744:Montpellier
626:head office
579:Montpellier
546: [
512: [
424: [
357: [
340: [
314: [
291: [
275: [
264: [
249: [
2302:Categories
2056:14 January
2033:20 January
1649:References
1628:Aldo Rossi
1623:Léon Krier
943:Valladolid
865:La Fábrica
852:Ben Guerir
850:campus in
639:Ben Guerir
613:, and the
534:Les Halles
496:in Spain.
270:, and the
158:La Fábrica
114:(divorced)
100:Occupation
65:1939-12-05
2052:. El Pais
2028:0362-4331
1987:ArchDaily
1780:cite book
1774:. Berlin.
1727:El Crític
1229:in 2000.
1214:in 1978,
1199:Influence
1008:, Paris:
985:, Paris:
859:Buildings
829:The Hague
827:, 1992),
821:Stockholm
819:, 1985),
811:, 1982),
801:, 1982),
791:, 1970),
722:Guangdong
595:pediments
470:Moratalaz
221:Barcelona
103:Architect
73:Barcelona
2289:Archived
2210:Artforum
1946:Newsweek
1890:Le Monde
1612:See also
1606:, Madrid
1579:monument
1187:, France
895:Walden 7
892:(1973),
886:(1971),
880:(1968),
766:La Porte
740:Antigone
728:(1992),
724:(1992),
712:(1987),
686:COVID-19
575:Antigone
482:Walden 7
472:area of
212:Catalan:
153:Walden 7
141:Projects
133:Practice
21:In this
2212:4, 1986
1563:W Hotel
1237:Gallery
1023:Circles
1017:Filming
997:, 1996)
962:Writing
949:W Hotel
844:, 2004)
643:Morocco
624:at its
603:Chicago
501:Taller'
119:Partner
27:surname
2147:, RTVE
2026:
1551:(2009)
1264:or by
1190:1993:
1178:Honors
1107:1978:
1029:Schizo
1012:, 1995
916:(1993)
898:(1975)
883:Xanadu
770:Taller
748:Taller
622:Taller
474:Madrid
451:Xanadu
446:Sitges
444:above
300:Venice
259:, the
108:Spouse
31:Bofill
2077:Telos
1654:Notes
1227:]
1212:]
1123:]
939:]
841:]
788:]
550:]
516:]
428:]
361:]
344:]
318:]
295:]
279:]
268:]
253:]
225:Spain
77:Spain
2110:MoMA
2058:2022
2035:2022
2024:ISSN
1853:2021
1786:link
776:Reus
714:Kobe
563:and
462:Calp
432:Reus
415:and
84:Died
59:Born
35:Leví
1084:in
941:in
756:in
720:in
637:in
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559:in
484:in
440:in
430:in
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2304::
2161:.
2126:.
2108:.
2075:.
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2018:.
1985:.
1966:.
1954:^
1944:.
1925:.
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1782:}}
1778:{{
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1272:.
1225:fr
1210:es
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1121:fr
1004:,
937:es
839:nl
786:ca
681:.
645:.
641:,
548:fr
514:fr
426:ca
359:fr
342:ca
316:ca
293:ca
277:ca
266:ca
251:ca
223:,
75:,
2112:.
2079:.
2060:.
2037:.
1989:.
1970:.
1948:.
1929:.
1910:.
1892:.
1855:.
1788:)
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1287:)
1281:(
1258:.
831:(
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815:(
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37:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
