200:
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in 1896. His claims of priority were challenged as early as 1907 in favour of
Richard Pfeiffer. A review of the original literature of the 1890s and the early 1900s revealed that several groups were working on
590:
574:
688:"Experimental Studies of the Nasopharyngeal Secretions from Influenza Patients : X. The Immunizing Effects in Rabbits of Subcutaneous Injections of Killed Cultures of Bacterium Pneumosintes"
406:(which killed an estimated 20 to 100 million worldwide) came urgency—researchers around the world began to search for Pfeiffer's bacillus in patients, hoping to develop
776:
560:
to enter the chair of hygiene in 1899, succeeding Erwin von
Esmarch (1855–1915). He remained in that city until 1909, when he moved on to the same chair in
781:
631:
521:
from 1875 to 1879. After completing his studies he was conferred doctor of medicine in 1880 and subsequently served as an army physician and
771:
786:
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199:
533:. In 1891, he was entrusted with the leadership of the scientific department of the Institute of Infectious Diseases in Berlin.
751:
167:. Pfeiffer was born to Otto Pfeiffer, a German pastor of the local Evangelical parish, and Natalia née Jüttner, in
756:
766:
120:
93:
62:
457:— which caused lung disease in rabbits — passed through the filter, suggesting that it was not a
431:
124:
514:
438:
427:
423:
363:
358:
354:
398:, began in 1918, most scientists believed that Pfeiffer's bacillus caused influenza. With the
529:(1843–1910), and from 1887 to 1891 worked as Koch's assistant in the Institute of Hygiene in
476:
746:
741:
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in children and adults with underlying chronic lung disease. It is occasionally a cause of
283:
have since then fascinated researchers of many disciplines, particularly in the fields of
8:
672:
712:
687:
650:
395:
717:
172:
430:) were generally ascribed to inadequate technique, as the bacteria were notoriously
229:
could be injected without ill effects into guinea pigs previously immunised against
707:
699:
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446:
437:
The first blow to
Pfeiffer's theory came from Peter Olitsky and Frederick Gates at
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384:
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85:
268:
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and it became known as the
Pfeiffer Phenomenon, or Isayev-Pfeiffer phenomenon.
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in Berlin he intellectually and experimentally conceived the concept of
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that he isolated from the noses of flu-infected patients. He dubbed it
211:
654:
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In 1892, Pfeiffer isolated what he thought was the causative agent of
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468:(which they nevertheless referred to as an atypical bacterium called
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367:. Few doubted the validity of this discovery, in large part because
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from patients infected with the 1918 flu and passed them through
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Pfeiffer is remembered for his many fundamental discoveries in
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349:. The culprit, according to Pfeiffer, was a small rod-shaped
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at the same time and that the credit for the initiation of
342:
studies should be shared by these two great researchers.
472:), other researchers could not reproduce their results.
159:(27 March 1858 – 15 September 1945) was a German
267:
as a heat-stable bacterial poison responsible for the
206:
and
Richard Pfeiffer working in the laboratory (1897).
536:
In 1897, Pfeiffer joined the German expedition under
632:
Biographical
Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society
248:. This could be inhibited by previously heating the
509:After completing his education at the gymnasium in
596:R. Pfeiffer"s House "Heimatsonne" in Lądek Zdroj (
580:R. Pfeiffer"s House "Heimatsonne" in Lądek Zdroj (
733:
627:"Richard Friedrich Johannes Pfeiffer 1858-1945"
777:Academic staff of the University of Königsberg
320:is generally credited with the initiation of
685:
461:. Although the duo had perhaps isolated the
782:Academic staff of the University of Breslau
498:Richard Pfeiffer also invented a universal
29:
711:
676:. Penguin Books, London, England. p. 412.
644:
244:caused them to become motionless and to
198:
734:
621:
686:Olitsky, P. K.; Gates, F. L. (1922).
617:
615:
418:. In many patients, but not all, the
218:, particularly for the phenomenon of
692:The Journal of Experimental Medicine
287:, prevention, and therapy of severe
679:
513:, Pfeiffer studied medicine at the
154:Richard Friedrich Johannes Pfeiffer
23:Richard Friedrich Johannes Pfeiffer
16:German physician and bacteriologist
13:
612:
14:
798:
772:People from the Province of Posen
303:bacteria-dissolving immune bodies
237:from these animals added to live
589:
573:
548:. The following year he went to
525:until 1889. He was a student of
422:were found. Failures to isolate
394:, the history's deadliest known
787:20th-century German physicians
762:19th-century German physicians
661:
371:had been shown to cause other
1:
605:
301:. He discovered the specific
222:. In 1894 he found that live
752:People from Krotoszyn County
564:. Pfeiffer retired there as
552:with Koch to do research on
483:. M catarrhalis also causes
7:
475:In 1896, Pfeiffer isolated
414:that would protect against
121:Fellow of the Royal Society
10:
803:
361:), which was later called
294:Pfeiffer was a pioneer in
94:Lower Silesian Voivodeship
63:Greater Poland Voivodeship
441:. Olitsky and Gates took
439:The Rockefeller Institute
194:
147:
137:
130:
116:
105:
74:
40:
28:
21:
600:), Konopnickiej 5 street
584:), Konopnickiej 5 street
515:Kaiser Wilhelms Akademie
271:consequences of certain
477:micrococcus catarrhalis
757:German bacteriologists
646:10.1098/rsbm.1956.0016
470:Bacterium pneumosintes
428:Haemophilus influenzae
364:Haemophilus influenzae
207:
767:Influenza researchers
479:that is the cause of
202:
704:10.1084/jem.36.6.685
432:difficult to culture
673:The Great Influenza
544:to investigate the
359:Pfeiffer's bacillus
355:Bacillus influenzae
279:and anti-endotoxin
273:infectious diseases
396:influenza pandemic
269:pathophysiological
208:
447:Berkefeld filters
252:. He called this
173:Province of Posen
151:
150:
132:Scientific career
78:15 September 1945
794:
726:
725:
715:
683:
677:
665:
659:
658:
648:
619:
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455:infectious agent
449:, which exclude
443:nasal secretions
81:
50:
48:
33:
19:
18:
802:
801:
797:
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729:
684:
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666:
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608:
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594:
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197:
179:), and died in
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96:, southwestern
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52:
46:
44:
36:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
800:
790:
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698:(6): 685–696.
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588:
586:
579:
572:
556:. He moved to
523:bacteriologist
506:preparations.
426:(now known as
373:human diseases
318:Almroth Wright
313:. The British
196:
193:
165:bacteriologist
149:
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145:
144:
139:
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107:
106:Known for
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84:
82:(aged 87)
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53:
42:
38:
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34:
26:
25:
22:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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448:
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425:
424:B. influenzae
421:
417:
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308:
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292:
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289:Gram-negative
286:
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274:
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262:
259:Working with
257:
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254:bacteriolysis
251:
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220:bacteriolysis
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125:Pasteur medal
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51:27 March 1858
43:
39:
32:
27:
20:
695:
691:
681:
671:
663:
636:
630:
535:
508:
504:histological
497:
474:
469:
436:
389:
375:, including
362:
344:
293:
291:infections.
258:
250:blood plasma
235:blood plasma
216:bacteriology
209:
153:
152:
142:Microbiology
131:
80:(1945-09-15)
747:1945 deaths
742:1858 births
668:Barry, J.M.
639:: 237–247.
598:Bad Landeck
582:Bad Landeck
538:Robert Koch
527:Robert Koch
392:Spanish flu
325:vaccination
315:pathologist
299:vaccination
261:Robert Koch
233:, and that
204:Robert Koch
181:Bad Landeck
736:Categories
623:Fildes, P.
606:References
558:Königsberg
493:meningitis
485:bronchitis
481:laryngitis
281:antibodies
212:immunology
110:Endotoxins
86:Bad Landek
47:1858-03-27
568:in 1925.
489:pneumonia
463:influenza
459:bacterium
416:infection
400:lethality
390:When the
351:bacterium
347:influenza
285:diagnosis
277:Endotoxin
265:endotoxin
169:Treustädt
161:physician
112:discovery
55:Treustädt
722:19868702
625:(1956).
566:emeritus
511:Świdnica
500:staining
451:bacteria
420:bacteria
412:vaccines
408:antisera
404:outbreak
402:of this
369:bacteria
242:bacteria
227:bacteria
713:2128393
562:Breslau
554:malaria
381:cholera
377:anthrax
340:vaccine
337:typhoid
333:vaccine
330:typhoid
322:typhoid
307:cholera
296:typhoid
239:cholera
231:cholera
224:cholera
185:Prussia
177:Prussia
123:(FRS),
90:Prussia
59:Prussia
35:c. 1928
720:
710:
670:2004.
655:769487
653:
546:plague
531:Berlin
519:Berlin
487:, and
453:. The
385:plague
383:, and
311:typhus
195:Career
189:Poland
187:, now
138:Fields
117:Awards
98:Poland
92:, now
67:Poland
61:, now
651:JSTOR
550:Italy
542:India
466:virus
718:PMID
502:for
410:and
357:(or
309:and
246:lyse
214:and
163:and
75:Died
41:Born
708:PMC
700:doi
641:doi
540:to
517:in
305:in
191:).
157:FRS
738::
716:.
706:.
696:36
694:.
690:.
649:.
635:.
629:.
614:^
495:.
434:.
387:.
379:,
275:.
171:,
65:,
724:.
702::
657:.
643::
637:2
183:(
175:(
100:)
88:(
69:)
57:(
49:)
45:(
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