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622:. The Citation said "Defying extreme danger from concentrated anti-aircraft barrage and powerful fighter opposition, Lieutenant Commander Best, with bold determination and courageous zeal, led his squadron in dive-bombing assaults against Japanese naval units. Flying at a distance from his own forces which rendered return unlikely because of probable fuel exhaustion, he pressed home his attacks with extreme disregard for his own personal safety. His gallant intrepidity and loyal devotion to duty contributed greatly to the success of our forces and were in keeping with the highest traditions of the United States Naval Service". According to Stephen L. Moore, Best may have been "the first pilot to successfully bomb two Japanese carriers in one day". Considering this unique accomplishment, Admiral
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Commander in
Bombing Squadron SIX (VB-6), attached to the USS. Enterprise (CV-6), during the "Air Battle of Midway," against enemy Japanese forces on 4 - 6 June 1942. Defying extreme danger from concentrated anti-aircraft barrage and powerful fighter opposition, Lieutenant Commander Best, with bold determination and courageous zeal, led his squadron in dive-bombing assaults against Japanese naval units. Flying at a distance from his own forces which rendered return unlikely because of probable fuel exhaustion, he pressed home his attacks with extreme disregard for his own personal safety. His gallant intrepidity and loyal devotion to duty contributed greatly to the success of our forces and were in keeping with the highest traditions of the United States Naval Service.
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657:. During the morning flight on June 4 flying at 20,000 ft (6,100 m), several VB-6 pilots had encountered difficulties with the oxygen supply, so Best gave the order to reduce the altitude to 15,000 ft (4,600 m). The oxygen rebreather of Best's SBD had become heated during the unusually long search on the morning mission on June 4. The material used in the rebreather to remove exhaled carbon dioxide was
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333:, or become a flight instructor at Pensacola; he chose Pensacola, and was assigned to instruct Training Squadron Five. Anticipating what was probably coming, after a year and some months of instructing, Best decided that he could be of most use as a dive bomber pilot. He put in a request for a transfer to the Pacific Fleet in that capacity.
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The
President of the United States of America takes pleasure in presenting the Navy Cross to Lieutenant Commander Richard Halsey Best (NSN: 0-71601), United States Navy, for extraordinary heroism in operations against the enemy while serving as Pilot of a carrier-based Navy Dive Bomber and Squadron
614:, possibly scoring one of the four hits that sank her. Best's gunner, James Francis Murray, believed that he "saw the flash of bomb through the smoke as it struck amidships forward of the island." After the battle, Best was awarded the
359:(XO), a standard navy term for second-in-command, under his close friend and USNA classmate, William Hollingsworth, known as "Holly," as commander. Best subsequently became squadron commander in time for the Battle of Midway.
661:. If the device containing this material were abnormally heated, it could release caustic soda fumes through the pilot's oxygen mask; consequently, Best had inhaled caustic fumes. Sometime in the past, Best had contracted
673:, transforming the inactive form of the organism into an active form, resulting in the progression from latent TB infection to TB disease. Best was transferred from Pearl Harbor Hospital to
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213:, sinking two Japanese aircraft carriers in one day, before being medically retired that same year due to damage to his lungs caused by breathing bad oxygen during the battle.
486:. However, the squadrons became separated and reached the Japanese independently. Only the dive bombers stayed together and reached the Japanese by 09:55. At about 10:22, the
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in 1910. Richard married Doris Avis Albro (November 21, 1914 – December 6, 1968) on June 24, 1932, in
Washington, D.C., and they divorced on January 24, 1966.
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Best's three SBDs launched their attack at 10:26 am. The first bomb, likely dropped by
Lieutenant(jg) Edwin John Kroeger, hit the water opposite the
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650:(coughing up blood) continued. He became acutely ill with a temperature of 103 °F (39 °C), and was admitted to Pearl Harbor Hospital.
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in his old age. Edward's son Burt Best, born in
California in 1878, would later be the father of Richard H. Best. Richard H. Best was born in
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bridge. The second bomb, likely dropped by Best, penetrated the flight deck and exploded in the upper hangar amongst 18 fuelled and armed
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awaiting her return to port when he learned (along with most of VB-6) that several of his squadmates on morning search had flown into the
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in
December 1948, where Best headed the security department until his retirement in March 1975. Best wrote the preface to the manual of
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355:(operations officer) of the squadron, the third-in-command. By early 1942, after the war in the Pacific had begun, he had advanced to
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685:. Best was hospitalized in Fitzsimons Hospital until September 1943. He retired from the U.S. Navy in 1944 with a 100% disability.
705:, where he lived for the rest of his life. After discharge from the hospital, Best worked in a small research division of the
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389:'s torpedo bombers should they find the Japanese carriers. However, the strike found nothing, and Best's group returned to
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with Best were Edwin J. Kroeger (standing, eighth from the left) and
Frederick T. Weber (standing, sixth from the right).
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dive bombers (minus three that had dropped out with engine trouble) started to attack the two nearest
Japanese carriers,
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On May 31, 1940, Best received orders to join
Bombing Squadron Six (VB-6), which was assigned to the aircraft carrier
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Best was married to Doris Avis (Albrio) (1914–1968) and had a daughter, a son, a grandson, and a step-daughter.
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without incident, although he later called the resulting night landing "the worst...of 330 carrier landings."
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started to launch her air group starting at 07:06. Under the overall command of the air group commander (CAG)
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Steady Nerves and Stout Hearts: The
Enterprise (CV-6) Air Group and Pearl Harbor, 7 December 1941
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on May 15, 1942: The first SBD is either Best's ("B-1") or that of the CO of VS-6 ("S-1").
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in mid-April. Both carriers then sped to the south, but were too late to take part in the
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Later that day, Best participated in the attack on the last remaining Japanese carrier,
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Within minutes, three of the four Japanese carriers had been turned into burning hulks.
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Pacific Payback: The Carrier Aviators Who Avenged Pearl Harbor at the Battle of Midway
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June 4, 1942, was the last day Best flew for the U.S. Navy. Just after Best landed on
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Best saw his first real combat on February 1, 1942, flying in two strikes against the
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1061:. Nimitz Library U. S. Naval Academy. First Class, United States Naval Academy. 1932.
1031:. Nimitz Library U. S. Naval Academy. First Class, United States Naval Academy. 1932.
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carrying smoke generators. His group was tasked with providing cover for Lieutenant
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torpedo bombers of Torpedo Squadron 6 (VT-6), 34 SBDs of VB-6 and VS-6, and ten
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566:. Best is sitting in the center of the front row. The other two who attacked
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In June 1938, Best was given the choice to either join a patrol squadron at
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1346:"Ed Skrein Wants Midway To Honor All Of The Men Who Fought In That Battle"
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280:(USNA) in 1928, graduating with honors in 1932. His classmates included
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404:. Before noon, he led eight SBDs from VB-6 and one from VS-6 to attack
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He died on October 28, 2001, at the age of 91, and was buried at
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made a serious but unsuccessful effort to recommend Best for the
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His grandfather Edward Best emigrated to the United States from
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Naval History and Heritage Command: LT. Richard H. Best of VB-6
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At this point, the attack became confused, as all 31 remaining
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A group photo of the American dive bomber pilots of VB-6 from
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VB-6 pilots in January 1942: Best is seated 3rd from the left.
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Recipients of the Distinguished Flying Cross (United States)
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Shattered Sword: The Untold Story of the Battle of Midway
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were then recalled to participate in what was to be the
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Best was one of the main protagonists in the 2019 film
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during World War II. Stationed on the aircraft carrier
1400:. Pictorial Histories Publishing Co., Missoula 1990.
719:, a flight simulation video game released in 1988 by
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after noticing that the other planes were focused on
1312:. Penguin Books, London/New York 1982, pp. 273–274.
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Parshall and Tully, p. 239; Cressman, et al., p. 103
1090:. Valencia, Spain: Aeronaval Publishing. p. 7.
582:aircraft. The third bomb, likely dropped by Ensign
529:). Best made a last-second decision to attack the
292:. He served for two years aboard the light cruiser
701:After his retirement from the Navy, Best moved to
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1467:United States Navy bomber pilots of World War II
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1322:http://www.immf-midway.com/midway_itow_best.html
586:, exploded in the water near the stern, jamming
466:patrol aircraft on the morning of June 4, 1942,
209:, Best led his dive bomber squadron at the 1942
1251:"Navy.togetherweserved: Best, Richard H., LCDR"
1086:Hernandez, Daniel V.; Best, Richard H. (2004).
653:Back in Pearl Harbor, Best was examined by the
343:. Upon arrival at the squadron's base on land,
1396:Cressman, Robert J., and Wenger, J. Michael,
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681:, where he received proper treatment for his
1472:Recipients of the Navy Cross (United States)
1462:United States Navy personnel of World War II
1128:"Bombing Six Action Report: 1 February 1942"
978:Date Of Action: June 4, 1942 to June 6, 1942
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593:s rudder. Although only Best's bomb struck
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229:where he mustered into "F" Company of the
190:(March 24, 1910 – October 28, 2001) was a
428:returned to Pearl Harbor and accompanied
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1088:SBD-3 Dauntless and the Battle of Midway
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462:After contact reports from Midway-based
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443:. Both carriers and their sister ship
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377:. That evening, he flew in the first
367:On December 7, 1941, Best was aboard
276:Richard H. Best was appointed to the
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697:Grave at Arlington National Cemetery
299:. In 1934 he was transferred to the
1298:"VB-6 action report, 4–6 June 1942"
709:. This division became part of the
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1502:Military personnel from New Jersey
1482:United States Naval Academy alumni
1457:American people of English descent
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1152:"Battle of Midway: June 4–6, 1942"
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952:Navy Distinguished Marksman Ribbon
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1187:"Midway 42: IJN Carrier Damage"
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905:Navy Presidential Unit Citation
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1374:. Military Times Hall of Valor
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1115:Steady Nerves and Stout Hearts
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927:Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal
910:American Defense Service Medal
363:War in the Pacific (1941–1944)
345:Naval Air Station North Island
225:in the 1800s, living first in
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747:, and was portrayed by actor
309:Fighting Squadron Two (VF-2B)
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707:Douglas Aircraft Corporation
634:after Best's death in 2001.
351:, on June 10, Best was made
311:aboard the aircraft carrier
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1432:Arlington National Cemetery
1203:, Washington 2005, p. 257.
1177:Jonathan/Tully, pp. 241–242
728:Arlington National Cemetery
675:Fitzsimons General Hospital
301:Naval Air Station Pensacola
278:United States Naval Academy
90:Arlington National Cemetery
16:United States Naval Aviator
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1415:. New York: Penguin Group.
1411:Moore, Stephen L. (2014).
1263:"Richard Best – Recipient"
947:World War II Victory Medal
893:Distinguished Flying Cross
620:Distinguished Flying Cross
484:Fighting Squadron 6 (VF-6)
420:Air Group, and on March 4
172:Distinguished Flying Cross
1320:; Best's battle account:
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78:Santa Monica, California
1512:RAND Corporation people
1267:valor.militarytimes.com
920:American Campaign Medal
546:The flight deck of USS
441:Battle of the Coral Sea
231:13th Wisconsin Infantry
1071:: CS1 maint: others (
1041:: CS1 maint: others (
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1007:www.familysearch.org
898:Combat Action Ribbon
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134:Lieutenant commander
960:Navy Cross citation
881:Naval Aviator Badge
663:latent tuberculosis
188:Richard Halsey Best
61:Bayonne, New Jersey
23:Richard Halsey Best
1352:. November 8, 2019
1308:Gordon W. Prange:
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737:Portrayals in film
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1310:Miracle at Midway
1209:978-1-57488-923-9
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1378:December 25,
1376:. Retrieved
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140:Battles/wars
73:(2001-10-28)
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1452:2001 deaths
1447:1910 births
1356:November 6,
915:Fleet clasp
601:Sinking of
515:Dauntlesses
506:Sinking of
435:during the
414:Wake Island
320:Grumman F2F
233:during the
192:dive bomber
149:Pacific War
38:Nickname(s)
1441:Categories
1406:0929521250
1286:Moore 2014
1272:2020-02-19
1239:Moore 2014
1137:2019-04-10
1012:2020-03-07
989:References
888:Navy Cross
648:hemoptysis
644:Enterprise
616:Navy Cross
560:Enterprise
548:Enterprise
488:Enterprise
468:Enterprise
426:Enterprise
418:Enterprise
391:Enterprise
379:Enterprise
370:Enterprise
349:California
340:Enterprise
266:Enterprise
247:New Jersey
239:California
217:Early life
206:Enterprise
194:pilot and
168:Navy Cross
97:Allegiance
54:1910-03-24
1226:(p. 326).
1067:cite book
1058:Lucky Bag
1037:cite book
1028:Lucky Bag
975:U.S. Navy
930:w/ three
749:Ed Skrein
671:granuloma
445:USS
430:USS
402:Kwajalein
338:USS
315:Lexington
313:USS
294:USS
241:and then
227:Wisconsin
204:USS
120:1932–1944
618:and the
474:were 14
447:Yorktown
296:Richmond
196:squadron
105:Service/
1156:cv6.org
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935:⁄
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416:by the
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223:England
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331:Hawaii
327:Panama
288:, and
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262:SBD-2s
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164:Awards
107:branch
85:Buried
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588:Akagi
568:Akagi
564:Akagi
535:Kaga.
531:Akagi
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508:Akagi
499:Akagi
1402:ISBN
1380:2023
1358:2020
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1092:ISBN
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523:Kaga
519:Kaga
496:and
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