474:
377:
327:
429:, the second pair of legs is longest in ricinuleids and these limbs are used to feel ahead of the animal, almost like antennae. If the pedipalps are 'short range' sensory organs, the second pair of legs are the corresponding 'long range' ones. Sensilla on the tarsi at the ends of legs I and II (which are used more frequently to sense the surroundings) differ from those of legs III and IV. In male ricinuleids, the third pair of legs are uniquely modified to form copulatory organs. The shape of these organs is very important for taxonomy and can be used to tell males of different species apart.
883:(mites and ticks) though more recent phylogenomic studies refute this. L. van der Hammen placed ricinuleids in a group called "Cryptognomae", together with the anactinotrichid mites only. Peter Weygoldt and Hannes Paulus referred to ricinuleids and all mites as "Acarinomorpha". Jeffrey Shultz used the name "Acaromorpha". This hypothesis recognizes that both ricinuleids and mites hatch with a larval stage with only six legs, rather than the usual eight seen in arachnids. The additional pair of legs appears later during development. Some authors have also suggested that the
907:. This hypothesis was widely overlooked, but was reintroduced by Jason Dunlop in 1996. Characteristics shared by ricinuleids and trigonotarbids include the division of the tergites on the opisthososma into median and lateral plates and the presence of an unusual 'locking mechanism' between the two halves of the body. A further study subsequently recognised that the tip of the pedipalp in both ricinuleids and trigonotarbids ends in a similar small claw. Ricinuleids as sister group of trigonotarbids was also recovered in the 2002 study by Gonzalo Giribet and colleagues.
373:. Curiously, there is a complex coupling mechanism between the prosoma and opisthosoma. The front margin of the opisthosoma tucks into a corresponding fold at the back of the carapace. The advantages of this unusual system are not well understood, and since the genital opening is located on the pedicel (another rather unusual feature) the animals have to 'unlock' themselves in order to mate. The abdomen is divided dorsally into a series of large plates or tergites, each of which is subdivided into a median and lateral plate.
124:
102:
2786:
512:). Despite the scarce number of studies about the biology of this group, recent studies have reported nocturnal habits, as well as novel behaviors for this group, which include interactions between individuals different than mating. Ricinuleids are often found in large congregations, the exact purpose of which is unknown.
853:(Opiliones), and in his 1892 paper Thorell introduced the name "Ricinulei" for these animals as a suborder of the harvestman. Ricinuleids were subsequently recognized as an arachnid order in their own right in the 1904 monograph by Hansen & Soerensen. These authors recognised a group called "
495:
floors, as well as caves, where they search for prey with their elongate sensory second leg pair. Ricinulei feed on other small invertebrates, although details of their natural prey are sparse. Relatively little is known about their courtship and mating habits, but males have been observed using
663:
Some
Carboniferous genera of Palaeoricinulei exceed modern Ricinulei in size, with bodies 24 millimetres (0.94 in) in length, and many appear to have had eyes, unlike modern representatives which are completely blind. It is likely they had a surface dwelling ecology, unlike that of modern
358:) which can be raised and lowered over the head. When lowered, it covers the mouth and the chelicerae. Living ricinuleids have no eyes, although two pairs of lateral eyes can be seen in fossils and even living species retain light-sensitive areas of cuticle in this position.
1934:
Wunderlich, Jörg (2012). "Description of the first fossil
Ricinulei in amber from Burma (Myanmar), the first report of this arachnid order from the Mesozoic and from Asia, with notes on the related extinct order Trigonotarbida". In Wunderlich, Jörg (ed.).
399:, are composed of two segments forming a fixed and a moveable digit. Sensory organs are also found associated with the mouthparts; presumably for tasting the food. The chelicerae can be retracted and at rest they are normally hidden beneath the cucullus.
410:. They are typically used to manipulate food items, but also bear many sensory structures and are used as 'short range' sensory organs. The pedipalps end in pincers that are small relative to their bodies, when compared to those of the related orders of
590:
with a series of three large, divided tergites. Curculioidids, by contrast, have an opisthosoma without obvious tergites, but with a single median sulcus; a dividing line running down the middle of the back. This superficially resembles the
2511:
E. E. Lindquist (1984). "Current theories on the evolution of major groups of Acari and on their relationships with other groups of
Arachnida with consequent implications for their classification". In D. A. Griffiths; C. E. Bowman (eds.).
1123:
1526:
G. Talarico, L. F. GarcĂa Hernández & P. Michalik (2008). "The male genital system of the New World
Ricinulei (Arachnida): ultrastructure of spermatozoa and spermiogenesis with special emphasis on its phylogenetic implications".
887:, a separate part of the body bearing the mouthparts, is also a unique character for ricinuleids and mites, but this feature is rather complex and difficult to interpret and other authors would restrict the presence of a gnathosoma
664:
Ricinulei. The fossil genera from the
Cretaceous Burmese amber are referred to the extinct order Primoricinulei, and are thought to have had a different ecology than modern species as tree-dwelling predators that crawled on bark.
940:
1619:
1529:
1199:
285:. In older works they are sometimes referred to as Podogona. Due to their obscurity they do not have a proper common name, though in academic literature they are occasionally referred to as
1174:
2396:
2363:
1985:"Hirsutisoma grimaldii sp. nov., a ca. 99 million-year-old ricinuleid (Primoricinulei, Hirsutisomidae) from Cretaceous Burmese amber with a corticolous, scansorial lifestyle"
915:
Recent phylogenomic studies have recovered different relationships than those previously suggested. An analysis in early 2019 suggested the sister group of the ricinuleids may be
473:
354:
with a body length of 21.77 mm (0.857 in). The cuticle (or exoskeleton) of both the legs and body is remarkably thick. Their most notable feature is a "hood" (or
1965:
Wunderlich, Jörg (2017). "New extinct taxa of the arachnid order
Ricinulei, based on new fossils preserved in mid Cretaceous Burmese amber". In Wunderlich, Jörg (ed.).
2063:"A new, giant ricinuleid (Arachnida, Ricinulei), from the Pennsylvanian of Illinois, and the identification of a new, ontogenetically stable, diagnostic character"
1826:"A new, giant ricinuleid (Arachnida, Ricinulei), from the Pennsylvanian of Illinois, and the identification of a new, ontogenetically stable, diagnostic character"
1950:
Wunderlich, Jörg (2015). "New and rare fossil
Arachnida in Cretaceous Burmese amber (Amblypygi, Ricinulei and Uropygi: Thelephonida)". In Wunderlich, Jörg (ed.).
1124:
A new, giant ricinuleid (Arachnida, Ricinulei), from the
Pennsylvanian of Illinois, and the identification of a new, ontogenetically stable, diagnostic character
742:
376:
583:
382:
2801:
941:"A new epigean species of ricinuleid of the genus Pseudocellus (Arachnida: Ricinulei: Ricinoididae) from a tropical sub-deciduous forest in Oaxaca, Mexico"
647:
3248:
2361:
Peter
Weygoldt & Hannes Paulus (1979). "Untersuchungen zur Morphologie, Taxonomie und Phylogenie der Chelicerata. I. Morphologische Untersuchungen".
775:
579:
2578:
1769:"First Characterization of the Behavioral Repertory in a Ricinuleid: Cryptocellus narino Platnick & Paz 1979 (Arachnida, Ricinulei, Ricinoididae)"
764:
603:
564:
2708:
1687:
1360:
1291:
571:
871:
and ricinuleids, which they defined as having a rather narrow join between the prosoma and opisthosoma and a small 'tail end' to the opisthosoma.
3547:
3439:
1658:, José W. de Morais & José M. Gomes Rodrigues (1989). "On the abundance and ecology of Ricinulei (Arachnida) from Central Amazonia, Brazil".
575:
2586:
1899:
1076:
786:
720:
640:
349:
3465:
1660:
731:
609:
753:
597:
2658:"Phylogeny and systematic position of Opiliones: a combined analysis of chelicerate relationships using morphological and molecular data"
323:
and
William Sørensen. Useful further studies can be found in, e.g., the work of Pittard and Mitchell, Gerald Legg and L. van der Hammen.
2619:
Jason A. Dunlop, Carsten Kamenz and Giovanni Talarico (2009). "A fossil trigonotarbid arachnid with a ricinuleid-like pedipalpal claw".
2852:
709:
2131:
Micrographia, or Some physiological descriptions of minute bodies made by magnifying glasses with observations and inquiries thereupon
2482:
3413:
2152:
822:
326:
3452:
344:
Ricinulei are typically about 5 to 10 millimetres (0.2 to 0.4 in) long. The largest Ricinulei known to ever exist was the
2392:"Untersuchungen zur Morphologie, Taxonomie und Phylogenie der Chelicerata. II. Cladogramme und die Entfaltung der Chelicerata"
281:) as far north as Texas. As of 2021, 91 extant species of ricinuleids have been described worldwide, all in the single family
2521:
1593:
3457:
2062:
1825:
1168:
G. Talarico, J. G. Palacios-Vargas & G. Alberti (2008). "Taste while chewing? Sensory structures in the chelicerae of
2896:
2724:"Increasing species sampling in chelicerate genomic-scale datasets provides support for monophyly of Acari and Arachnida"
2550:
2279:"Increasing species sampling in chelicerate genomic-scale datasets provides support for monophyly of Acari and Arachnida"
1474:
P. M. Brignoli (1973). "On some Ricinulei of Mexico with notes on the female genital apparatus (Arachnida, Ricinulei)".
1499:
2238:"A Critical Appraisal of the Placement of Xiphosura (Chelicerata) with Account of Known Sources of Phylogenetic Error"
500:
to the female. The eggs are carried under the mother's hood, until the young hatch into six-legged larva, which later
453:, presumably to store sperm. The male genitalia, sperm cells and sperm production have also been intensively studied.
1701:
J. A. L. Cooke (1967). "Observations on the biology of Ricinulei (Arachnida) with descriptions of two new species of
1613:(1999). "Morphological structures and vertical distribution in the soil indicate facultative plastron respiration in
919:, the arthropod order containing horseshoe crabs. In response to this work, a more recent study placed Ricinulei and
1653:
1304:
1233:
879:
Morphological studies of arachnid relationships have largely concluded that ricinuleids are most closely related to
3542:
3470:
2856:
2834:
2822:
1493:
Gerd Alberti & José G. Palacios-Vargas (1984). "Fine structure of spermatogenesis and mature spermatozoa in
461:, and opens through a single pair of spiracles on the prosoma. At least one Brazilian species appears to have a
811:
described a large crab-like mite he observed with a microscope, he published a description of it in his book;
2655:
2595:
1883:
1041:
Gerald Legg (1976). "The external morphology of a new species of ricinuleid (Arachnida) from Sierra Leone".
465:, which may help it prevent getting wet and allow it to continue to breathe, even if inundated with water.
190:
3379:
3374:
123:
1375:
1101:
996:
595:
of a beetle and explains why Buckland originally misidentified the first fossil species. Five species:
3509:
2657:
1097:"Comparative studies in Chelicerata I. The Cryptognomae (Ricinulei, Architarbi and Anactinotrichida)"
1983:
Botero-Trujillo, Ricardo; Davis, Steven R.; Michalik, Peter; Prendini, Lorenzo (22 September 2022).
3537:
2342:
1573:
1139:
J. H. Kennaugh (1968). "An examination of the cuticle of three species of Ricinulei (Arachnida)".
2889:
2134:
552:
541:
110:
3496:
1880:
The Bridgewater treatises on the power, wisdom and goodness of God as manifested in the creation
3317:
2809:
1425:
Mario Ludwig; José G. Palacios-Vargas; Gerd Alberti (1994). "Cellular details of the midgut of
1387:
1248:
656:
from Burmese amber were originally described as members of Ricinulei, but they might belong to
533:
1984:
563:. They were revised in detail in 1992 by Paul Selden, who placed them in a separate suborder,
547:
Fifteen of the twenty species of fossil ricinuleids discovered so far originate from the late
3491:
2702:
2185:
1879:
1681:
1431:
1354:
1315:
1305:
Giovanni Talarico, José G. Palacios-Vargas, Mariano Fuentes Silva & Gerd Alberti (2008).
1285:
1234:
Giovanni Talarico, Jose G. Palacios-Vargas, Mariano Fuentes Silva & Gerd Alberti (2005).
1027:
838:
537:
207:
3483:
3444:
2860:
1000:
3400:
2735:
2665:
2431:
2290:
1628:
1538:
1014:
Kay Pittard & Robert W. Mitchell (1972). "Comparative morphology of the life stages of
829:
one year after the first fossil. This was followed by a second living example collected by
672:
As of September 2022, the World Ricinulei Catalog accepts the following eleven genera:
479:
462:
458:
2546:
Guèr. als einziger recenter Ausläufer der fossilen Arachnoideen-Ordnung Meridogastra Thor"
903:
suggested that ricinuleids were the last living descendants of the extinct arachnid order
8:
3355:
2214:(1892). "On an apparently new arachnid belonging to the family Cryptostemmoidae, Westw".
2739:
2294:
1632:
1542:
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2826:
2758:
2723:
2690:
2678:
2638:
2458:
2445:
2426:
2410:
2391:
2376:
2313:
2278:
2043:
1939:. Vol. 7: Fifteen papers on extant and fossil spiders (Araneae). pp. 233–244.
1916:
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1154:
1141:
1056:
1043:
968:
830:
504:
into their eight-legged adult forms. The six-legged larva is a feature they share with
345:
319:
The most important general account of ricinuleid anatomy remains the 1904 monograph by
118:
2656:
Gonzalo Giribet, Gregory D. Edgecombe, Ward C. Wheeler & Courtney Babbitt (2002).
1512:
3478:
3387:
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1996:
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1324:
1257:
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1192:
1167:
1150:
1096:
1052:
952:
900:
846:
525:
331:
2478:"A phylogenetic analysis of the arachnid orders based on morphological characters"
2023:
1235:
520:
Ricinulei are unique among arachnids in that the first one to be discovered was a
3392:
2197:
1610:
1585:
3296:
3200:
3190:
3185:
3045:
3020:
2955:
2748:
2579:"Evidence for a sister group relationship between Ricinulei and Trigonotarbida"
2303:
1424:
904:
438:
419:
415:
2634:
1912:
1784:
1550:
1212:
3526:
2621:
2563:
2138:
2086:
2008:
1954:. Vol. 9: Mesozoic spiders and other fossil arachnids. pp. 409–436.
1849:
1802:
1640:
1193:
G. Talarico, J. G. Palacios-Vargas & G. Alberti (2008). "The pedipalp of
1126:". Journal of Paleontology, Volume 95, Issue 3, May 2021, pp. 601 - 612 DOI:
964:
868:
631:
560:
548:
497:
308:
297:
59:
2254:
2237:
1768:
1767:
GarcĂa, L. F.; Torrado-LeĂłn, E.; Talarico, G.; Peretti, A. V. (2015-07-01).
1444:
418:. Similar pincers on the pedipalps have now been found in the extinct order
3340:
3226:
2802:"The neglected cousins: what do we know about the smaller arachnid orders?"
2686:
2454:
2263:
2126:
1558:
1452:
1338:
1220:
842:
813:
808:
688:
678:
488:
454:
277:
271:
231:
224:
3366:
2767:
2322:
1307:"Ultrastructure of tarsal sensilla and other integument structures of two
532:. Further fossil species were added in subsequent years by, among others,
101:
3426:
3349:
3213:
3177:
2930:
2078:
2039:
1841:
956:
864:
587:
450:
446:
362:
165:
34:
2100:
1673:
985:
441:. The midgut has been described, while the excretory system consists of
3286:
3104:
2963:
1329:
1306:
1269:
1127:
884:
850:
849:
in 1892. In these early studies ricinuleids were thought to be unusual
698:
627:
492:
396:
305:
301:
265:
238:
79:
44:
3431:
2785:
1793:
3082:
3028:
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1261:
1197:(Ricinulei, Arachnida) – ultrastructure of a multifunctional organ".
920:
916:
657:
426:
407:
260:
155:
135:
84:
3311:
2541:
1982:
645:, the largest of all Ricinulei, was a member of the Curculioididae.
3418:
3334:
3070:
3001:
2905:
2874:
1492:
1070:
Gerald Legg (1976). "The external morphology of immature stages of
939:
Valdez-Mondragón, Alejandro; Juárez-Sánchez, Alma R. (2021-02-23).
411:
403:
256:
175:
74:
69:
54:
49:
39:
3112:
1766:
635:
586:. The poliocherids are more like modern ricinuleids in having an
501:
437:
An older summary of ricinuleid internal anatomy was published by
370:
89:
64:
1236:"First ultrastructural observations on the tarsal pore organ of
3057:
2918:
860:
834:
592:
556:
529:
521:
293:
145:
2397:
Zeitschrift fĂĽr zoologische Systematik und Evolutionsforschung
2364:
Zeitschrift fĂĽr zoologische Systematik und Evolutionsforschung
2151:
938:
3504:
3405:
3158:
1013:
880:
505:
3218:
2823:
10.1636/0161-8202(2002)030[0357:TNCWDW]2.0.CO;2
2389:
2360:
1897:
Selden, P.A. (1992). "Revision of the fossil ricinuleids".
1406:
Jacques Millot (1945). "L'anatomie interne des Ricinulei".
1876:
Geology and mineralogy with reference to natural theology
259:. Like most arachnids, they are predatory, eating small
1172:(Chamberlin & Ivie, 1938) (Ricinulei, Arachnida)".
2184:
2781:
2427:"Evolutionary morphology and phylogeny of Arachnida"
1882:. Vol. Treatise IV (2nd ed.). London, UK:
2236:Ballesteros, JesĂşs A.; Sharma, Prashant P. (2019).
524:, described in 1837 by the noted English geologist
2216:Kungliga Svenska Ventenskaps-akademiens Handlingar
1734:Gerald Legg (1977). "Sperm transfer and mating in
1497:Bolivar y Pieltain, 1941 (Arachnida, Ricinulei)".
292:In addition to the three living genera, there are
2516:. Chichester: Ellis Horwood Ltd. pp. 28–62.
2475:
2424:
2335:
2235:
1094:
894:
3524:
2721:
2536:
2276:
2210:
496:their modified third pair of legs to transfer a
2576:
2510:
1617:(Arachnida, Ricinulei) from Central Amazonia".
2799:
2587:Bulletin of the British Arachnological Society
1958:
1900:Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh
1700:
1473:
1405:
1138:
1077:Bulletin of the British Arachnological Society
817:. The first living ricinuleid described using
2890:
2231:
2229:
1661:Journal of the New York Entomological Society
2707:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
2060:
1823:
1686:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1620:Studies on Neotropical Fauna and Environment
1359:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1290:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1118:
1116:
570:The fossils are divided into four families:
468:
2390:Peter Weygoldt & Hannes Paulus (1979).
2168:Revue Zoologique par la Société Cuvierienne
1733:
1373:
1069:
1040:
854:
263:. They occur today in west-central Africa (
2897:
2883:
2722:Lozano-Fernandez, L.; et al. (2019).
2469:
2277:Lozano-Fernandez, L.; et al. (2019).
2226:
1964:
1949:
1933:
100:
2757:
2747:
2495:
2483:Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society
2444:
2409:
2312:
2302:
2253:
2021:
1792:
1408:Annales des Sciences Naturelles, Zoologie
1328:
1113:
314:
2061:Whalen, Niall; Selden, Paul (May 2021).
1870:
1824:Whalen, Niall; Selden, Paul (May 2021).
874:
472:
375:
325:
2649:
910:
3548:Extant Pennsylvanian first appearances
3525:
1896:
3316:
3315:
3275:
2943:
2878:
2338:"A new classification of Chelicerata"
2125:
2024:"A review of Burmese amber arachnids"
1978:
1976:
1609:Joachim Adis, Benjamin Messner &
1530:Arthropod Structure & Development
1200:Arthropod Structure & Development
369:, or waist, where it attaches to the
3510:ED2E6C77-FF90-FF9F-E5A0-A05FFC16FAD0
2904:
2093:
1128:https://doi.org/10.1017/jpa.2020.104
483:from Grutas Tzabnah, Yucatán, Mexico
2859:. November 27, 2009. Archived from
2551:Berliner Entomologische Zeitschrift
2129:(1665). "Of the crab-like insect".
2107:. Natural History Museum Bern. 2022
2022:Selden, Paul A.; Ren, Dong (2017).
432:
13:
2777:
2679:10.1111/j.1096-0031.2002.tb00140.x
2446:10.1111/j.1096-0031.1990.tb00523.x
2411:10.1111/j.1439-0469.1979.tb00699.x
2377:10.1111/j.1439-0469.1979.tb00694.x
2194:Thesaurus Entomologicus Oxoniensis
1973:
1754:10.1111/j.1469-7998.1977.tb04140.x
1721:10.1111/j.1469-7998.1967.tb02864.x
1571:
1500:Journal of Ultrastructure Research
1155:10.1111/j.1469-7998.1968.tb04361.x
1057:10.1111/j.1096-3642.1976.tb01007.x
509:
14:
3559:
2845:
2166:, nouveaux genres d'Arachnides".
3256:are possibly paraphyletic groups
2784:
2497:10.1111/j.1096-3642.2007.00284.x
2001:10.11646/palaeoentomology.5.5.11
797:
515:
122:
32:
2857:American Arachnological Society
2715:
2612:
2570:
2530:
2504:
2418:
2383:
2354:
2329:
2270:
2204:
2178:
2145:
2119:
2054:
2015:
1969:. Vol. 10. pp. 48–71.
1943:
1927:
1890:
1864:
1817:
1760:
1727:
1694:
1647:
1602:
1565:
1519:
1486:
1467:
1418:
1399:
1367:
1311:species (Ricinulei, Arachnida)"
1298:
1227:
1186:
989:& William Sørensen (1904).
2153:Félix Édouard Guérin-Méneville
1476:Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei
1175:Revista IbĂ©rica de AracnologĂa
1161:
1132:
1088:
1063:
1034:
1007:
979:
932:
895:Ricinuleids and trigonotarbids
823:Félix Édouard Guérin-Méneville
1:
2133:. London: James Allestry and
1513:10.1016/S0022-5320(84)90111-4
926:
802:
630:(~99 million years old)
528:; albeit misinterpreted as a
390:
361:The heavy-bodied abdomen (or
3247:Classification is based on
2594:(6): 193–204. Archived from
1586:10.1007/978-3-662-10396-8_36
1122:Niall Whalen, Paul Selden. "
386:from Campo Reserve, Cameroon
245:For fossil genera, see text
7:
3276:
3107:(shorttailed whipscorpions)
10:
3564:
2944:
2749:10.1038/s41467-019-10244-7
2476:Jeffrey W. Shultz (2007).
2425:Jeffrey W. Shultz (1990).
2336:L. van der Hammen (1977).
2304:10.1038/s41467-019-10244-7
1773:Journal of Insect Behavior
1102:Zoologische Verhandelingen
1095:L. van der Hammen (1979).
997:Cambridge University Press
992:On two orders of Arachnida
945:The Journal of Arachnology
841:in 1874, and a third from
449:. Female ricinuleids have
16:Order of obscure arachnids
3324:
3282:
3271:
3243:
3199:
3176:
3157:
3141:
3132:
3094:
3085:(tailless whip scorpions)
3078:
3069:
3053:
3044:
3013:
2986:
2975:
2954:
2950:
2939:
2913:
2635:10.1007/s00435-009-0090-z
2101:"World Ricinulei Catalog"
1913:10.1017/s0263593300003333
1785:10.1007/s10905-015-9517-1
1738:(Ricinulei: Arachnida)".
1551:10.1016/j.asd.2008.01.006
1429:(Arachnida: Ricinulei)".
1213:10.1016/j.asd.2008.02.001
1074:(Arachnida: Ricinulei)".
1018:(Arachnida, Ricinulei)".
667:
469:Behavior and life history
220:
215:
119:Scientific classification
117:
108:
99:
30:Late Carboniferous–Recent
23:
2577:Jason A. Dunlop (1996).
2564:10.1002/mmnd.18920370108
2343:Zoologische Mededelingen
1967:Beiträge zur Araneologie
1952:Beiträge zur Araneologie
1937:Beiträge zur Araneologie
1641:10.1076/snfe.34.1.1.8915
821:was from West Africa by
487:Ricinuleids inhabit the
3543:Monotypic animal orders
2800:Mark S. Harvey (2002).
2105:World Ricinulei Catalog
2067:Journal of Paleontology
1830:Journal of Paleontology
1445:10.1002/jmor.1052200305
1380:(Arachnida, Ricinulei)"
1244:(Arachnida, Ricinulei)"
542:Alexander Petrunkevitch
339:
296:species from the upper
111:Cryptocellus goodnighti
2810:Journal of Arachnology
2514:Acarology VI, Volume 1
2028:Journal of Arachnology
1388:Journal of Arachnology
1249:Journal of Arachnology
855:
534:Samuel Hubbard Scudder
484:
387:
336:
315:Anatomy and physiology
3492:Paleobiology Database
2966:(microwhip scorpions)
2853:"Photos of Ricinulei"
2728:Nature Communications
2283:Nature Communications
2255:10.1093/sysbio/syz011
2186:John Obadiah Westwood
1578:Multicellular Animals
1432:Journal of Morphology
1316:Journal of Morphology
1028:Texas Tech University
875:Ricinuleids and mites
839:John Obadiah Westwood
626:, are known from the
604:Primoricinuleus pugio
538:Reginald Innes Pocock
476:
422:(see Relationships).
379:
329:
3148:(hooded tickspiders)
2079:10.1017/jpa.2020.104
2040:10.1636/JoA-S-17-029
1842:10.1017/jpa.2020.104
1580:. pp. 130–135.
1374:S. L. Tuxen (1974).
1238:Pseudocellus pearsei
1195:Pseudocellus pearsei
1170:Pseudocellus pearsei
1016:Cryptocellus pelaezi
957:10.1636/JoA-S-20-014
911:Phylogenomic studies
743:Monooculricinuleidae
654:M. semiglobosus
598:?Poliochera cretacea
480:Pseudocellus pearsei
457:takes place through
365:) exhibits a narrow
269:) and the Americas (
255:is a small order of
2740:2019NatCo..10.2295L
2295:2019NatCo..10.2295L
2200:. pp. 200–202.
2155:(1838). "Note sur l
2141:. pp. 207–208.
1633:1999SNFE...34....1A
1574:"Ricinulei — Acari"
1543:2008ArtSD..37..396T
1495:Cryptocellus boneti
1427:Cryptocellus boneti
1376:"The African genus
584:Sigillaricinuleidae
555:) coal measures of
395:The mouthparts, or
383:Ricinoides karschii
3021:Pseudoscorpionida
2242:Systematic Biology
1903:. Earth Sciences.
1741:Journal of Zoology
1736:Ricinoides hanseni
1708:Journal of Zoology
1656:Norman I. Platnick
1615:Cryptocellus adisi
1572:Ax, Peter (2000).
1330:10.1002/jmor.10415
1142:Journal of Zoology
1072:Ricinoides karschi
1044:Journal of Zoology
831:Henry Walter Bates
648:Monooculricinuleus
485:
443:Malpighian tubules
388:
346:Late Carboniferous
337:
287:hooded tickspiders
3520:
3519:
3479:Open Tree of Life
3318:Taxon identifiers
3309:
3308:
3305:
3304:
3267:
3266:
3263:
3262:
3239:
3238:
3235:
3234:
3222:
3209:Opilioacariformes
3169:
3149:
3128:
3127:
3124:
3123:
3116:
3108:
3086:
3061:
3040:
3039:
3032:
3024:
3023:(pseudoscorpions)
3005:
2997:
2967:
2792:Arthropods portal
2734:(2295): 459–462.
2523:978-0-85312-603-4
2289:(2295): 459–462.
2190:"Class Arachnida"
1884:William Pickering
1872:Buckland, William
1654:Joachim U. Adis,
1595:978-3-642-08681-6
987:Hans Jacob Hansen
856:Arachnida micrura
837:and described by
819:Linnaean taxonomy
792:
781:
776:Sigillaricinuleus
770:
759:
748:
737:
726:
715:
704:
694:
684:
620:H. grimaldii
616:H. bruckschi
580:Primoricinuleidae
321:Hans Jacob Hansen
250:
249:
211:
194:
3555:
3513:
3512:
3500:
3499:
3487:
3486:
3474:
3473:
3461:
3460:
3448:
3447:
3435:
3434:
3422:
3421:
3409:
3408:
3396:
3395:
3383:
3382:
3370:
3369:
3360:
3359:
3358:
3345:
3344:
3343:
3313:
3312:
3292:Phalangiotarbida
3273:
3272:
3255:
3220:
3174:
3173:
3168:
3167:
3163:
3161:
3147:
3139:
3138:
3135:
3114:
3106:
3084:
3076:
3075:
3059:
3051:
3050:
3030:
3022:
3003:
2995:
2984:
2983:
2979:
2965:
2952:
2951:
2941:
2940:
2899:
2892:
2885:
2876:
2875:
2871:
2869:
2868:
2841:
2839:
2833:. Archived from
2806:
2794:
2789:
2788:
2772:
2771:
2761:
2751:
2719:
2713:
2712:
2706:
2698:
2662:
2653:
2647:
2646:
2616:
2610:
2609:
2607:
2606:
2600:
2583:
2574:
2568:
2567:
2538:Ferdinand Karsch
2534:
2528:
2527:
2508:
2502:
2501:
2499:
2473:
2467:
2466:
2448:
2422:
2416:
2415:
2413:
2387:
2381:
2380:
2358:
2352:
2351:
2333:
2327:
2326:
2316:
2306:
2274:
2268:
2267:
2257:
2233:
2224:
2223:
2212:Tamerlan Thorell
2208:
2202:
2201:
2182:
2176:
2175:
2158:
2149:
2143:
2142:
2123:
2117:
2116:
2114:
2112:
2097:
2091:
2090:
2058:
2052:
2051:
2019:
2013:
2012:
1989:Palaeoentomology
1980:
1971:
1970:
1962:
1956:
1955:
1947:
1941:
1940:
1931:
1925:
1924:
1894:
1888:
1887:
1868:
1862:
1861:
1821:
1815:
1814:
1796:
1764:
1758:
1757:
1731:
1725:
1724:
1698:
1692:
1691:
1685:
1677:
1651:
1645:
1644:
1606:
1600:
1599:
1569:
1563:
1562:
1523:
1517:
1516:
1490:
1484:
1483:
1471:
1465:
1464:
1422:
1416:
1415:
1403:
1397:
1396:
1384:
1371:
1365:
1364:
1358:
1350:
1332:
1302:
1296:
1295:
1289:
1281:
1262:10.1636/04-110.1
1231:
1225:
1224:
1190:
1184:
1183:
1165:
1159:
1158:
1136:
1130:
1120:
1111:
1110:
1092:
1086:
1085:
1067:
1061:
1060:
1038:
1032:
1031:
1020:Graduate Studies
1011:
1005:
1004:
983:
977:
976:
936:
923:as sister taxa.
901:Ferdinand Karsch
858:
847:Tamerlan Thorell
790:
780:Wunderlich, 2022
779:
769:Wunderlich, 2015
768:
757:
747:Wunderlich, 2017
746:
736:Wunderlich, 2017
735:
724:
713:
702:
692:
682:
526:William Buckland
433:Internal anatomy
335:nymph from Ghana
332:Ricinoides atewa
206:
189:
127:
126:
104:
94:
31:
27:Temporal range:
21:
20:
3563:
3562:
3558:
3557:
3556:
3554:
3553:
3552:
3538:Arachnid orders
3523:
3522:
3521:
3516:
3508:
3503:
3495:
3490:
3482:
3477:
3469:
3464:
3456:
3451:
3443:
3438:
3430:
3425:
3417:
3412:
3404:
3399:
3391:
3386:
3378:
3373:
3365:
3363:
3354:
3353:
3348:
3339:
3338:
3333:
3320:
3310:
3301:
3278:
3259:
3253:
3231:
3195:
3165:
3164:
3162:
3159:
3153:
3133:
3120:
3090:
3065:
3036:
3031:(camel spiders)
3009:
2977:
2971:
2946:
2935:
2909:
2903:
2866:
2864:
2851:
2848:
2837:
2804:
2790:
2783:
2780:
2778:Further reading
2775:
2720:
2716:
2700:
2699:
2660:
2654:
2650:
2617:
2613:
2604:
2602:
2598:
2581:
2575:
2571:
2535:
2531:
2524:
2509:
2505:
2474:
2470:
2423:
2419:
2388:
2384:
2359:
2355:
2334:
2330:
2275:
2271:
2234:
2227:
2209:
2205:
2198:Clarendon Press
2183:
2179:
2156:
2150:
2146:
2124:
2120:
2110:
2108:
2099:
2098:
2094:
2059:
2055:
2020:
2016:
1981:
1974:
1963:
1959:
1948:
1944:
1932:
1928:
1895:
1891:
1869:
1865:
1822:
1818:
1765:
1761:
1732:
1728:
1699:
1695:
1679:
1678:
1652:
1648:
1611:Norman Platnick
1607:
1603:
1596:
1570:
1566:
1524:
1520:
1491:
1487:
1472:
1468:
1423:
1419:
1404:
1400:
1382:
1372:
1368:
1352:
1351:
1303:
1299:
1283:
1282:
1232:
1228:
1191:
1187:
1166:
1162:
1137:
1133:
1121:
1114:
1093:
1089:
1068:
1064:
1039:
1035:
1012:
1008:
984:
980:
937:
933:
929:
913:
897:
891:to mites only.
877:
805:
800:
795:
765:Primoricinuleus
670:
565:Palaeoricinulei
518:
471:
435:
416:pseudoscorpions
393:
342:
317:
205:
188:
121:
95:
93:
92:
87:
82:
77:
72:
67:
62:
57:
52:
47:
42:
37:
29:
28:
25:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3561:
3551:
3550:
3545:
3540:
3535:
3518:
3517:
3515:
3514:
3501:
3488:
3475:
3462:
3449:
3436:
3423:
3410:
3397:
3384:
3371:
3361:
3346:
3330:
3328:
3322:
3321:
3307:
3306:
3303:
3302:
3300:
3299:
3297:Trigonotarbida
3294:
3289:
3283:
3280:
3279:
3269:
3268:
3265:
3264:
3261:
3260:
3258:
3257:
3254:Items in green
3251:
3244:
3241:
3240:
3237:
3236:
3233:
3232:
3230:
3229:
3224:
3216:
3211:
3205:
3203:
3201:Parasitiformes
3197:
3196:
3194:
3193:
3191:Trombidiformes
3188:
3186:Sarcoptiformes
3182:
3180:
3171:
3166:(ticks, mites)
3155:
3154:
3152:
3151:
3142:
3136:
3130:
3129:
3126:
3125:
3122:
3121:
3119:
3118:
3110:
3101:
3099:
3092:
3091:
3089:
3088:
3079:
3073:
3067:
3066:
3064:
3063:
3054:
3048:
3046:Tetrapulmonata
3042:
3041:
3038:
3037:
3035:
3034:
3026:
3017:
3015:
3011:
3010:
3008:
3007:
2999:
2990:
2988:
2981:
2973:
2972:
2970:
2969:
2960:
2958:
2956:Incertae sedis
2948:
2947:
2937:
2936:
2934:
2933:
2927:
2921:
2914:
2911:
2910:
2902:
2901:
2894:
2887:
2879:
2873:
2872:
2847:
2846:External links
2844:
2843:
2842:
2840:on 2012-02-07.
2817:(2): 357–372.
2796:
2795:
2779:
2776:
2774:
2773:
2714:
2648:
2629:(4): 305–313.
2611:
2569:
2529:
2522:
2503:
2490:(2): 221–265.
2468:
2417:
2404:(3): 177–200.
2382:
2353:
2350:(20): 307–319.
2328:
2269:
2248:(6): 896–917.
2225:
2203:
2177:
2144:
2118:
2092:
2073:(3): 601–612.
2053:
2034:(3): 324–343.
2014:
1972:
1957:
1942:
1926:
1907:(4): 595–634.
1889:
1863:
1836:(3): 601–612.
1816:
1779:(4): 447–459.
1759:
1726:
1693:
1668:(2): 133–140.
1646:
1601:
1594:
1564:
1537:(5): 396–409.
1518:
1485:
1466:
1439:(3): 263–270.
1417:
1398:
1366:
1323:(4): 441–463.
1297:
1256:(2): 604–612.
1226:
1207:(6): 511–521.
1185:
1160:
1149:(3): 393–404.
1131:
1112:
1087:
1062:
1033:
1006:
978:
930:
928:
925:
912:
909:
905:Trigonotarbida
896:
893:
876:
873:
869:whip scorpions
859:", comprising
804:
801:
799:
796:
794:
793:
782:
771:
760:
749:
738:
727:
725:Buckland, 1837
716:
705:
695:
693:Platnick, 1980
685:
683:Westwood, 1874
674:
669:
666:
572:Curculioididae
517:
514:
470:
467:
445:and a pair of
439:Jacques Millot
434:
431:
420:Trigonotarbida
392:
389:
341:
338:
316:
313:
248:
247:
243:
242:
235:
228:
218:
217:
213:
212:
200:
196:
195:
183:
179:
178:
173:
169:
168:
163:
159:
158:
153:
149:
148:
143:
139:
138:
133:
129:
128:
115:
114:
106:
105:
97:
96:
88:
83:
78:
73:
68:
63:
58:
53:
48:
43:
38:
33:
26:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3560:
3549:
3546:
3544:
3541:
3539:
3536:
3534:
3531:
3530:
3528:
3511:
3506:
3502:
3498:
3493:
3489:
3485:
3480:
3476:
3472:
3467:
3463:
3459:
3454:
3450:
3446:
3441:
3437:
3433:
3428:
3424:
3420:
3415:
3411:
3407:
3402:
3398:
3394:
3389:
3385:
3381:
3376:
3372:
3368:
3362:
3357:
3351:
3347:
3342:
3336:
3332:
3331:
3329:
3327:
3323:
3319:
3314:
3298:
3295:
3293:
3290:
3288:
3285:
3284:
3281:
3274:
3270:
3252:
3250:
3249:Shultz (2007)
3246:
3245:
3242:
3228:
3225:
3223:
3217:
3215:
3212:
3210:
3207:
3206:
3204:
3202:
3198:
3192:
3189:
3187:
3184:
3183:
3181:
3179:
3175:
3172:
3170:
3156:
3150:
3144:
3143:
3140:
3137:
3131:
3117:
3115:(vinegaroons)
3111:
3109:
3103:
3102:
3100:
3098:
3095:Thelyphonida
3093:
3087:
3081:
3080:
3077:
3074:
3072:
3068:
3062:
3056:
3055:
3052:
3049:
3047:
3043:
3033:
3027:
3025:
3019:
3018:
3016:
3012:
3006:
3000:
2998:
2992:
2991:
2989:
2985:
2982:
2980:
2974:
2968:
2962:
2961:
2959:
2957:
2953:
2949:
2942:
2938:
2932:
2928:
2926:
2922:
2920:
2916:
2915:
2912:
2907:
2900:
2895:
2893:
2888:
2886:
2881:
2880:
2877:
2863:on 2008-04-12
2862:
2858:
2854:
2850:
2849:
2836:
2832:
2828:
2824:
2820:
2816:
2812:
2811:
2803:
2798:
2797:
2793:
2787:
2782:
2769:
2765:
2760:
2755:
2750:
2745:
2741:
2737:
2733:
2729:
2725:
2718:
2710:
2704:
2696:
2692:
2688:
2684:
2680:
2676:
2672:
2668:
2667:
2659:
2652:
2644:
2640:
2636:
2632:
2628:
2624:
2623:
2622:Zoomorphology
2615:
2601:on 2011-06-13
2597:
2593:
2589:
2588:
2580:
2573:
2565:
2561:
2557:
2554:(in German).
2553:
2552:
2547:
2545:
2539:
2533:
2525:
2519:
2515:
2507:
2498:
2493:
2489:
2485:
2484:
2479:
2472:
2464:
2460:
2456:
2452:
2447:
2442:
2438:
2434:
2433:
2428:
2421:
2412:
2407:
2403:
2400:(in German).
2399:
2398:
2393:
2386:
2378:
2374:
2371:(3): 85–116.
2370:
2367:(in German).
2366:
2365:
2357:
2349:
2345:
2344:
2339:
2332:
2324:
2320:
2315:
2310:
2305:
2300:
2296:
2292:
2288:
2284:
2280:
2273:
2265:
2261:
2256:
2251:
2247:
2243:
2239:
2232:
2230:
2221:
2217:
2213:
2207:
2199:
2195:
2191:
2187:
2181:
2173:
2170:(in French).
2169:
2165:
2161:
2154:
2148:
2140:
2139:Royal Society
2136:
2132:
2128:
2127:Hooke, Robert
2122:
2106:
2102:
2096:
2088:
2084:
2080:
2076:
2072:
2068:
2064:
2057:
2049:
2045:
2041:
2037:
2033:
2029:
2025:
2018:
2010:
2006:
2002:
1998:
1994:
1990:
1986:
1979:
1977:
1968:
1961:
1953:
1946:
1938:
1930:
1922:
1918:
1914:
1910:
1906:
1902:
1901:
1893:
1885:
1881:
1877:
1873:
1867:
1859:
1855:
1851:
1847:
1843:
1839:
1835:
1831:
1827:
1820:
1812:
1808:
1804:
1800:
1795:
1790:
1786:
1782:
1778:
1774:
1770:
1763:
1755:
1751:
1747:
1743:
1742:
1737:
1730:
1722:
1718:
1714:
1710:
1709:
1704:
1697:
1689:
1683:
1675:
1671:
1667:
1663:
1662:
1657:
1650:
1642:
1638:
1634:
1630:
1626:
1622:
1621:
1616:
1612:
1605:
1597:
1591:
1587:
1583:
1579:
1575:
1568:
1560:
1556:
1552:
1548:
1544:
1540:
1536:
1532:
1531:
1522:
1514:
1510:
1506:
1502:
1501:
1496:
1489:
1481:
1477:
1470:
1462:
1458:
1454:
1450:
1446:
1442:
1438:
1434:
1433:
1428:
1421:
1413:
1410:(in French).
1409:
1402:
1394:
1390:
1389:
1381:
1379:
1370:
1362:
1356:
1348:
1344:
1340:
1336:
1331:
1326:
1322:
1318:
1317:
1312:
1310:
1301:
1293:
1287:
1279:
1275:
1271:
1267:
1263:
1259:
1255:
1251:
1250:
1245:
1243:
1239:
1230:
1222:
1218:
1214:
1210:
1206:
1202:
1201:
1196:
1189:
1181:
1177:
1176:
1171:
1164:
1156:
1152:
1148:
1144:
1143:
1135:
1129:
1125:
1119:
1117:
1108:
1104:
1103:
1098:
1091:
1083:
1079:
1078:
1073:
1066:
1058:
1054:
1050:
1046:
1045:
1037:
1029:
1025:
1021:
1017:
1010:
1002:
998:
994:
993:
988:
982:
974:
970:
966:
962:
958:
954:
950:
946:
942:
935:
931:
924:
922:
918:
908:
906:
902:
892:
890:
889:sensu stricto
886:
882:
872:
870:
866:
862:
857:
852:
848:
844:
840:
836:
832:
828:
824:
820:
816:
815:
810:
798:Relationships
789:
788:
783:
778:
777:
772:
767:
766:
761:
758:Scudder, 1884
756:
755:
750:
745:
744:
739:
734:
733:
728:
723:
722:
717:
712:
711:
706:
701:
700:
696:
691:
690:
686:
681:
680:
676:
675:
673:
665:
661:
659:
655:
651:
649:
644:
642:
637:
633:
632:Burmese amber
629:
625:
621:
617:
613:
611:
606:
605:
600:
599:
594:
589:
585:
581:
577:
576:Poliocheridae
573:
568:
566:
562:
561:North America
558:
554:
553:Pennsylvanian
550:
549:Carboniferous
545:
543:
539:
535:
531:
527:
523:
516:Fossil record
513:
511:
510:Relationships
507:
503:
499:
498:spermatophore
494:
490:
482:
481:
475:
466:
464:
460:
456:
452:
448:
444:
440:
430:
428:
423:
421:
417:
413:
409:
405:
400:
398:
385:
384:
378:
374:
372:
368:
364:
359:
357:
353:
351:
347:
334:
333:
328:
324:
322:
312:
310:
309:Burmese amber
307:
303:
299:
298:Carboniferous
295:
290:
288:
284:
280:
279:
274:
273:
268:
267:
262:
258:
254:
246:
241:
240:
236:
234:
233:
229:
227:
226:
222:
221:
219:
216:Exant genera
214:
209:
204:
201:
198:
197:
192:
187:
184:
181:
180:
177:
174:
171:
170:
167:
164:
161:
160:
157:
154:
151:
150:
147:
144:
141:
140:
137:
134:
131:
130:
125:
120:
116:
113:
112:
107:
103:
98:
91:
86:
81:
76:
71:
66:
61:
56:
51:
46:
41:
36:
22:
19:
3325:
3227:Mesostigmata
3145:
3096:
3014:Haplocnemata
2996:(harvestmen)
2987:Stomothecata
2865:. Retrieved
2861:the original
2835:the original
2814:
2808:
2731:
2727:
2717:
2703:cite journal
2670:
2664:
2651:
2626:
2620:
2614:
2603:. Retrieved
2596:the original
2591:
2585:
2572:
2558:(1): 25–32.
2555:
2549:
2544:Cryptostemma
2543:
2532:
2513:
2506:
2487:
2481:
2471:
2436:
2430:
2420:
2401:
2395:
2385:
2368:
2362:
2356:
2347:
2341:
2331:
2286:
2282:
2272:
2245:
2241:
2219:
2215:
2206:
2193:
2180:
2171:
2167:
2164:Cryptostemme
2163:
2159:
2147:
2130:
2121:
2111:24 September
2109:. Retrieved
2104:
2095:
2070:
2066:
2056:
2031:
2027:
2017:
1992:
1988:
1966:
1960:
1951:
1945:
1936:
1929:
1904:
1898:
1892:
1875:
1866:
1833:
1829:
1819:
1776:
1772:
1762:
1748:(1): 51–61.
1745:
1739:
1735:
1729:
1715:(1): 31–42.
1712:
1706:
1703:Cryptocellus
1702:
1696:
1682:cite journal
1665:
1659:
1649:
1624:
1618:
1614:
1604:
1577:
1567:
1534:
1528:
1521:
1504:
1498:
1494:
1488:
1479:
1475:
1469:
1436:
1430:
1426:
1420:
1411:
1407:
1401:
1392:
1386:
1377:
1369:
1355:cite journal
1320:
1314:
1309:Pseudocellus
1308:
1300:
1286:cite journal
1253:
1247:
1241:
1237:
1229:
1204:
1198:
1194:
1188:
1179:
1173:
1169:
1163:
1146:
1140:
1134:
1106:
1100:
1090:
1081:
1075:
1071:
1065:
1048:
1042:
1036:
1023:
1019:
1015:
1009:
991:
981:
948:
944:
934:
914:
898:
888:
878:
865:whip spiders
843:Sierra Leone
826:
814:Micrographia
812:
809:Robert Hooke
806:
791:Selden, 1992
787:Terpsicroton
785:
774:
763:
752:
741:
730:
721:Curculioides
719:
714:Selden, 1992
708:
697:
689:Pseudocellus
687:
679:Cryptocellus
677:
671:
662:
653:
646:
641:Curculioides
639:
623:
619:
615:
608:
602:
596:
569:
546:
519:
486:
478:
455:Gas exchange
451:spermathecae
447:coxal glands
436:
424:
406:are complex
401:
394:
381:
366:
360:
355:
350:Curculioides
348:
343:
330:
318:
291:
286:
283:Ricinoididae
282:
278:Pseudocellus
276:
272:Cryptocellus
270:
264:
252:
251:
244:
237:
232:Pseudocellus
230:
225:Cryptocellus
223:
203:Ricinoididae
202:
185:
109:
18:
3427:iNaturalist
3350:Wikispecies
3214:Holothyrida
3178:Acariformes
3134:Acaromorpha
3105:Schizomida
3004:(scorpions)
3002:Scorpiones
2964:Palpigradi
2931:Chelicerata
2929:Subphylum:
2673:(1): 5–70.
2439:(1): 1–38.
2135:John Martyn
1507:(1): 1–12.
1051:(1): 1–58.
999:. pp.
732:Hirsutisoma
703:Ewing, 1929
612:acutiformis
610:Hirsutisoma
588:opisthosoma
489:leaf litter
425:As in many
402:Ricinuleid
363:opisthosoma
166:Chelicerata
162:Subphylum:
3527:Categories
3146:Ricinulei
3083:Amblypygi
3029:Solifugae
2994:Opiliones
2925:Arthropoda
2867:2008-04-07
2666:Cladistics
2605:2010-11-11
2432:Cladistics
2196:. Oxford:
2162:et sur le
2160:Acanthodon
1794:11336/7938
1627:(1): 1–9.
1482:: 153–174.
1378:Ricinoides
1109:(1): 1–62.
1084:: 243–248.
927:References
885:gnathosoma
851:harvestmen
803:Early work
754:Poliochera
699:Ricinoides
628:Cenomanian
624:H. dentata
493:rainforest
427:harvestmen
408:appendages
397:chelicerae
391:Appendages
306:Cretaceous
302:Euramerica
266:Ricinoides
261:arthropods
239:Ricinoides
156:Arthropoda
3533:Ricinulei
3356:Ricinulei
3326:Ricinulei
3287:Haptopoda
3071:Pedipalpi
3060:(spiders)
2978:Dromopoda
2906:Arachnida
2087:0022-3360
2009:2624-2834
1858:233301949
1850:0022-3360
1803:1572-8889
1395:: 85–106.
1242:P. boneti
973:232021020
965:0161-8202
921:Opiliones
917:Xiphosura
899:In 1892,
825:in 1838,
807:In 1665,
660:instead.
658:Opiliones
643:bohemondi
412:scorpions
404:pedipalps
352:bohemondi
257:arachnids
253:Ricinulei
186:Ricinulei
176:Arachnida
142:Kingdom:
136:Eukaryota
24:Ricinulei
3364:BioLib:
3335:Wikidata
3219:Ixodida
3113:Uropygi
3058:Araneae
2923:Phylum:
2919:Animalia
2917:Kingdom
2831:59047074
2695:16833833
2687:14552352
2540:(1892).
2463:85410687
2455:34933471
2264:30917194
2188:(1874).
2174:: 10–12.
2048:90983791
1921:85945454
1874:(1837).
1674:25009750
1559:18539528
1461:46930292
1453:29865385
1347:25580911
1339:16425267
1278:86221977
1221:18502688
1182:: 47–53.
710:Amarixys
463:plastron
356:cucullus
304:and the
199:Family:
152:Phylum:
146:Animalia
132:Domain:
3277:Extinct
3221:(ticks)
2768:6534568
2759:6534568
2736:Bibcode
2643:6769463
2542:"Ueber
2323:6534568
2314:6534568
2291:Bibcode
2222:: 1–18.
2137:in the
1811:2409069
1629:Bibcode
1539:Bibcode
1414:: 1–29.
1270:4129861
1030:: 3–77.
861:spiders
650:incisus
636:Myanmar
459:trachea
371:prosoma
367:pedicel
191:Thorell
182:Order:
172:Class:
3497:211984
3484:409967
3432:129765
3380:153371
3367:400520
3341:Q19120
2945:Extant
2908:orders
2829:
2766:
2756:
2693:
2685:
2641:
2520:
2461:
2453:
2321:
2311:
2262:
2085:
2046:
2007:
1919:
1856:
1848:
1809:
1801:
1672:
1592:
1557:
1459:
1451:
1345:
1337:
1276:
1268:
1219:
971:
963:
835:Brazil
668:Genera
593:elytra
582:, and
557:Europe
530:beetle
522:fossil
294:fossil
210:, 1929
193:, 1876
3505:Plazi
3471:58139
3458:82712
3445:12491
3440:IRMNG
3160:Acari
2838:(PDF)
2827:S2CID
2805:(PDF)
2691:S2CID
2661:(PDF)
2639:S2CID
2599:(PDF)
2582:(PDF)
2459:S2CID
2157:'
2044:S2CID
1995:(5).
1917:S2CID
1854:S2CID
1807:S2CID
1670:JSTOR
1457:S2CID
1383:(PDF)
1343:S2CID
1274:S2CID
1266:JSTOR
969:S2CID
951:(3).
881:Acari
508:(see
506:Acari
477:Male
380:Male
208:Ewing
3466:NCBI
3453:ITIS
3414:GBIF
3406:8312
3375:BOLD
3097:s.l.
2764:PMID
2709:link
2683:PMID
2518:ISBN
2451:PMID
2319:PMID
2260:PMID
2113:2022
2083:ISSN
2005:ISSN
1846:ISSN
1799:ISSN
1688:link
1590:ISBN
1555:PMID
1449:PMID
1361:link
1335:PMID
1292:link
1240:and
1217:PMID
1003:182.
961:ISSN
827:i.e.
652:and
622:and
559:and
540:and
502:molt
414:and
340:Body
275:and
35:Preęž’
3419:541
3401:EoL
3393:3YX
3388:CoL
2819:doi
2754:PMC
2744:doi
2675:doi
2631:doi
2627:128
2560:doi
2492:doi
2488:150
2441:doi
2406:doi
2373:doi
2309:PMC
2299:doi
2250:doi
2075:doi
2036:doi
1997:doi
1909:doi
1838:doi
1789:hdl
1781:doi
1750:doi
1746:182
1717:doi
1713:151
1705:".
1637:doi
1582:doi
1547:doi
1509:doi
1480:171
1441:doi
1437:220
1325:doi
1321:267
1258:doi
1209:doi
1151:doi
1147:156
1107:174
1053:doi
953:doi
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833:in
634:of
491:of
300:of
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