1799:(FDA) became aware of nitrosamine impurities in certain samples of rifampin. The FDA and manufacturers are investigating the origin of these impurities in rifampin, and the agency is developing testing methods for regulators and industry to detect the 1-methyl-4-nitrosopiperazine (MNP). MNP belongs to the nitrosamine class of compounds, some of which are classified as probable or possible human carcinogens (substances that could cause cancer), based on laboratory tests such as rodent carcinogenicity studies. Although there are no data available to directly evaluate the carcinogenic potential of MNP, information available on closely related nitrosamine compounds was used to calculate lifetime exposure limits for MNP.
765:
742:
1351:
expected. This may also be used to monitor effective absorption of the drug (if drug color is not seen in the urine, the patient may wish to move the drug dose farther in time from food or milk intake). The discolorization of sweat and tears is not directly noticeable, but sweat may stain light clothing orange, and tears may permanently stain soft contact lenses. Since rifampicin may be excreted in breast milk, breastfeeding should be avoided while it is being taken.
40:
1137:) in combination with other antibiotics, including in difficult-to-treat infections such as osteomyelitis and prosthetic joint infections. As of 2012, if rifampicin combination therapy was useful for pyogenic vertebral osteomyelitis was unclear. A meta-analysis concluded that adding adjunctive rifampicin to a β-lactam or vancomycin may improve outcomes in staphylococcus aureus bacteremia. However, a more recent trial found no benefit from adjunctive rifampicin.
49:
1570:
1721:. After about 6 hours, almost all of the drug is deacetylated. Even in this deacetylated form, rifampicin is still a potent antibiotic; however, it can no longer be reabsorbed by the intestines and is eliminated from the body. Only about 7% of the administered drug is excreted unchanged in urine, though urinary elimination accounts for only about 30% of the drug excretion. About 60% to 65% is excreted through feces.
834:
1019:
7452:
4181:
4141:
896:
InChI=1S/C43H58N4O12/c1-21-12-11-13-22(2)42(55)45-33-28(20-44-47-17-15-46(9)16-18-47)37(52)30-31(38(33)53)36(51)26(6)40-32(30)41(54)43(8,59-40)57-19-14-29(56-10)23(3)39(58-27(7)48)25(5)35(50)24(4)34(21)49/h11-14,19-21,23-25,29,34-35,39,49-53H,15-18H2,1-10H3,(H,45,55)/b12-11+,19-14+,22-13-,44-20+/t21-,23+,24+,25+,29-,34-,35+,39+,43-/m0/s1
1682:
decreasing transmission of drug-resistant TB. Traditional methods of detecting resistance involve mycobacterial culture and drug susceptibility testing, results of which could take up to 6 weeks. Xpert MTB/RIF assay is an automated test that can detect rifampicin resistance, and also diagnose tuberculosis. A
1350:
The more common side effects include fever, gastrointestinal disturbances, rashes, and immunological reactions. Taking rifampicin usually causes certain bodily fluids, such as urine, sweat, and tears, to become orange-red in color, a benign side effect that nonetheless can be frightening if it is not
984:
Common side effects include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and loss of appetite. It often turns urine, sweat, and tears a red or orange color. Liver problems or allergic reactions may occur. It is part of the recommended treatment of active tuberculosis during pregnancy, though its safety in pregnancy
1681:
Mycobacterial resistance to rifampicin may occur alone or along with resistance to other first-line antitubercular drugs. Early detection of such multidrug or extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis is critical in improving patient outcomes by instituting appropriate second-line treatments, and in
1584:
Crystal structure data and biochemical data suggest that rifampicin binds to the pocket of the RNA polymerase β subunit within the DNA/RNA channel, but away from the active site. The inhibitor prevents RNA synthesis by physically blocking elongation, and thus preventing synthesis of host bacterial
1555:
Rifampicin is antagonistic to the microbiologic effects of the antibiotics gentamicin and amikacin. The activity of rifampicin against some species of mycobacteria can be potentiated by isoniazid (through inhibiting mycolate synthesis) and ambroxol (through host directed effects in autophagy and
1728:
of rifampicin ranges from 1.5 to 5.0 hours, though hepatic impairment significantly increases it. Food consumption inhibits its absorption from the GI tract, and the drug is more quickly eliminated. When rifampicin is taken with a meal, its peak blood concentration falls by 36%. Antacids do not
4260:
1761:, Italy. There, a research group headed by Piero Sensi and Maria Teresa Timbal discovered a new bacterium. This new species produced a new class of molecules with antibiotic activity. Because Sensi, Timbal and the researchers were particularly fond of the French crime story
1698:(another antituberculosis drug) significantly reduces absorption of rifampicin, and peak concentrations may be lower. If these two drugs must be used concurrently, they must be given separately, with an interval of 8 to 12 hours between administrations.
1744:
Rifampicin inhibits bacterial RNA polymerase, and is commonly used to inhibit the synthesis of host bacterial proteins during recombinant protein expression in bacteria. RNA encoding for the recombinant gene is usually transcribed from DNA by a viral
3933:
Zifodya JS, Kreniske JS, Schiller I, Kohli M, Dendukuri N, Schumacher SG, et al. (February 2021). "Xpert Ultra versus Xpert MTB/RIF for pulmonary tuberculosis and rifampicin resistance in adults with presumptive pulmonary tuberculosis".
1315:, and interactions with other drugs. For those reasons as well as some ethical concerns regarding off-label use of antibiotics, rifampin as a very effective preventive antibiotic for meningitis, is not considered appropriate for itchiness.
1068:
found no difference in efficacy between a 3- to 4-month regimen of rifampicin and a 6-month regimen of isoniazid for preventing active tuberculosis in patients not infected with HIV, and patients who received rifampicin had a lower rate of
966:. It is almost always used together with other antibiotics with two notable exceptions: when given as a "preferred treatment that is strongly recommended" for latent TB infection; and when used as post-exposure prophylaxis to prevent
1729:
affect its absorption. The decrease in rifampicin absorption with food is sometimes enough to noticeably affect urine color, which can be used as a marker for whether or not a dose of the drug has been effectively absorbed.
1073:. However, the quality of the evidence was judged to be low. A shorter 2-month course of rifampicin and pyrazinamide had previously been recommended but is no longer recommended due to high rates of hepatotoxicity.
1489:. It increases metabolism of many drugs and as a consequence, can make them less effective, or even ineffective, by decreasing their levels. For instance, patients undergoing long-term anticoagulation therapy with
4048:
1493:
have to increase their dosage of warfarin and have their clotting time checked frequently because failure to do so could lead to inadequate anticoagulation, resulting in serious consequences of thromboembolism.
4296:
1802:
As of
January 2021, the FDA continues to investigate the presence of 1-methyl-4-nitrosopiperazine (MNP) in rifampin or 1-cyclopentyl-4-nitrosopiperazine (CPNP) in rifapentine approved for sale in the US.
1736:. Since the substance itself is red, this high distribution is the reason for the orange-red color of the saliva, tears, sweat, urine, and feces. About 60% to 90% of the drug is bound to plasma proteins.
1643:, the majority of mutations leading to rifampicin resistance are in cluster I, in a 81bp hotspot core region called RRDR for "rifampcin resistance determining region". A change in amino acid 531 from
2409:"Update: adverse event data and revised American Thoracic Society/CDC recommendations against the use of rifampin and pyrazinamide for treatment of latent tuberculosis infection--United States, 2003"
977:
in people who have been exposed to those bacteria. Before treating a person for a long period of time, measurements of liver enzymes and blood counts are recommended. Rifampicin may be given either
1612:
Resistance to rifampicin arises from mutations that alter residues of the rifampicin binding site on RNA polymerase, resulting in decreased affinity for rifampicin. Resistance mutations map to the
1047:. For the treatment of tuberculosis, it is administered daily for at least six months. Combination therapy is used to prevent the development of resistance and to shorten the length of treatment.
2706:"The clinical assessment, treatment, and prevention of lyme disease, human granulocytic anaplasmosis, and babesiosis: clinical practice guidelines by the Infectious Diseases Society of America"
6271:
6234:
300:
4118:
6441:
1771:. After two years of attempts to obtain more stable semisynthetic products, a new molecule with high efficacy and good tolerability was produced in 1965 and was named rifampicin.
1057:
to rifampicin develops quickly when it is used without another antibiotic, with laboratory estimates of resistance rates from 10 to 10 per tuberculosis bacterium per generation.
7386:
1509:
have occurred in women who use oral contraceptives and took rifampicin even for very short courses (for example, as prophylaxis against exposure to bacterial meningitis).
4040:
5257:
6662:
6652:
1829:
Its chemical name is 5,6,9,17,19,21-hexahydroxy-23-methoxy-2,4,12,16,18,20,22-heptamethyl-8--2,7-(epoxypentadecatrienimino)-naphthofuran-1,11(2H)-dione 21-acetate.
6477:
5252:
6667:
7507:
5053:
2587:
Pola E, Logroscino CA, Gentiempo M, Colangelo D, Mazzotta V, Di Meco E, Fantoni M (April 2012). "Medical and surgical treatment of pyogenic spondylodiscitis".
4233:
1849:
1234:
develops quickly during long-term treatment of active infections, so the drug is always used against active infections in combination with other antibiotics.
245:
1076:
Rifampicin should be taken on an empty stomach with a glass of water. It is generally taken either at least one hour before meals or two hours after meals.
6434:
6647:
4824:
1651:
arising from a change in the DNA sequence of TCG to TTG is the most common mutation. Tuberculosis resistance has also occurred due to mutations in the
912:
7316:
4899:
1956:"Guidelines for the Treatment of Latent Tuberculosis Infection: Recommendations from the National Tuberculosis Controllers Association and CDC, 2020"
1686:
updated in 2014 and 2021 concluded that for rifampicin resistance detection, Xpert MTB/RIF was accurate, that is (95%) sensitive and (98%) specific.
3986:
Peloquin CA, Namdar R, Singleton MD, Nix DE (January 1999). "Pharmacokinetics of rifampin under fasting conditions, with food, and with antacids".
3908:
2360:"Rifamycins (rifampicin, rifabutin and rifapentine) compared to isoniazid for preventing tuberculosis in HIV-negative people at risk of active TB"
6427:
6517:
5202:
3321:
2446:
1573:
Binding of rifampicin in the active site of RNA polymerase. Mutation of amino acids shown in red are involved in resistance to the antibiotic.
6687:
6492:
139:
7336:
4814:
4329:
1191:. For these nonstandard indications, antimicrobial susceptibility testing should be done (if possible) before starting rifampicin therapy.
868:
4158:
1589:
between the nucleotides in the RNA backbone, preventing elongation of the 5' end of the RNA transcript past more than 2 or 3 nucleotides.
6828:
6707:
6587:
2657:"Adjunctive rifampicin for Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia (ARREST): a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial"
1732:
Distribution of the drug is high throughout the body, and reaches effective concentrations in many organs and body fluids, including the
1134:
2067:
1757:
In 1957, a soil sample from a pine forest on the French
Riviera was brought for analysis to the Lepetit Pharmaceuticals research lab in
7311:
7008:
6948:
4258:, Bruzzese T, "Process for the preparation of rifampicin", issued 13 November 1979, assigned to Holco Investment Inc.
7487:
7096:
6702:
6617:
4307:
6758:
5851:
2978:
3976:
G Curci, A Ninni, A.D'Aleccio (1969) Atti Tavola
Rotonda Rifampicina, Taormina, page 19. Edizioni Rassegna Medica, Lepetit, Milano
1885:
3437:
3416:
2798:
7492:
6385:
5795:
4892:
4843:
3823:
3248:
2481:
2227:
2194:
2095:
2061:
997:
5006:
4411:
2871:"Amino acid substitutions at multiple sites within the vaccinia virus D13 scaffold protein confer resistance to rifampicin"
1932:
2548:"Adjunctive use of rifampin for the treatment of Staphylococcus aureus infections: a systematic review of the literature"
1427:
The critical functional groups of rifampicin in its inhibitory binding of bacterial RNA polymerase are the four critical
1218:
1096:
With multidrug therapy used as the standard treatment of Hansen's disease, rifampicin is always used in combination with
2747:"Current management of human granulocytic anaplasmosis, human monocytic ehrlichiosis and Ehrlichia ewingii ehrlichiosis"
1241:, which has led to its use as a selective agent capable of isolating them in materials being cultured in laboratories.
1064:
infections to prevent or delay the development of active disease because only small numbers of bacteria are present. A
1000:. The World Health Organization classifies rifampicin as critically important for human medicine. It is available as a
996:
Rifampicin was discovered in 1965, marketed in Italy in 1968, and approved in the United States in 1971. It is on the
919:
5911:
4951:
4829:
2161:
1812:
888:
1164:
is contraindicated, such as in pregnant women or in patients with a history of allergy to tetracycline antibiotics.
1148:) infections. Rifampicin is also recommended as an alternative treatment for infections by the tick-borne pathogens
190:
7502:
6461:
6402:
5812:
5095:
4885:
4860:
4322:
4225:
7236:
4819:
419:
285:
171:
1628:. Cluster I is amino acids 509 to 533, cluster II is amino acids 563 to 572, and cluster III is amino acid 687.
7497:
6918:
5684:
876:
CN1CCN(CC1)/N=C/c2c(O)c3c5C(=O)4(C)O/C=C/(OC)(C)(OC(C)=O)(C)(O)(C)(O)(C)\C=C\C=C(\C)C(=O)Nc2c(O)c3c(O)c(C)c5O4
542:
5829:
5501:
5387:
5242:
967:
5453:
5330:
5016:
3695:"Rifamycins do not function by allosteric modulation of binding of Mg2+ to the RNA polymerase active center"
3133:
2994:"In vitro susceptibilities of Chlamydia pneumoniae strains recovered from atherosclerotic coronary arteries"
2308:"Probability distribution of drug-resistant mutants in unselected populations of Mycobacterium tuberculosis"
1399:
Allergic reaction—rashes, itching, swelling of the tongue or throat, severe dizziness, and trouble breathing
7428:
5844:
5731:
5123:
4164:
4124:
1796:
760:
593:
5573:
1826:
Rifampicin is also known as rifaldazine, rofact, and rifampin in the United States, also as rifamycin SV.
1673:
ADP-ribose is added to rifampicin at one of its ansa chain hydroxy groups, thereby inactivating the drug.
479:)-methyl}-6,23-dioxo-8,30-dioxa-24-azatetracyclotriaconta-1(28),2,4,9,19,21,25(29),26-octaen-13-yl acetate
7522:
7472:
6963:
6657:
6450:
4514:
4315:
1300:
952:
721:
662:
4877:
3899:
2923:"Assembly of vaccinia virus: effects of rifampin on the intracellular distribution of viral protein p65"
2704:
Wormser GP, Dattwyler RJ, Shapiro ED, Halperin JJ, Steere AC, Klempner MS, et al. (November 2006).
7442:
1820:
1053:
1006:
126:
6738:
6733:
4255:
3813:"The Contribution of Molecular Biology in Diagnosing Tuberculosis and Detecting Antibiotic Resistance"
3196:
Saunte DM, Jemec GB (November 2017). "Hidradenitis
Suppurativa: Advances in Diagnosis and Treatment".
2616:"Adjunctive rifampicin may improve outcomes in Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia: a systematic review"
1129:
In 2008, tentative evidence showed rifampicin may be useful in the treatment of methicillin-resistant
4337:
2406:
2139:
2111:
1593:
1261:
The minimum inhibitory concentrations of rifampicin for several medically significant pathogens are:
1156:
7221:
6768:
6607:
3313:
2438:
7482:
7477:
7346:
7261:
5884:
5247:
4596:
3754:"Biased cytochrome P450-mediated metabolism via small-molecule ligands binding P450 oxidoreductase"
1585:
proteins. By this "steric-occlusion" mechanism, rifampicin blocks synthesis of the second or third
1328:
963:
737:
17:
2655:
Thwaites GE, Scarborough M, Szubert A, Nsutebu E, Tilley R, Greig J, et al. (February 2018).
2219:
682:
6390:
5837:
5800:
5308:
4848:
4482:
4466:
3693:
Feklistov A, Mekler V, Jiang Q, Westblade LF, Irschik H, Jansen R, et al. (September 2008).
3639:
Calvori C, Frontali L, Leoni L, Tecce G (July 1965). "Effect of rifamycin on protein synthesis".
1668:
1392:. Rifampicin has good penetration into the brain, and this may directly explain some malaise and
227:
112:
1577:
Rifampicin inhibits bacterial DNA-dependent RNA synthesis by inhibiting bacterial DNA-dependent
6908:
6537:
6005:
5156:
5001:
4912:
4574:
4471:
4359:
4342:
1702:
1502:
1187:
1181:
1109:
1089:
703:
365:
2085:
642:
582:
7517:
7512:
6337:
6286:
6142:
5079:
5075:
4959:
4641:
4461:
3274:"Hyperpigmentation, a marker of rifampicin overuse in leprosy patient: An incidental finding"
2051:
1816:
1695:
1340:
1231:
1175:
1048:
974:
533:
6753:
6743:
3840:
Baysarowich J, Koteva K, Hughes DW, Ejim L, Griffiths E, Zhang K, et al. (March 2008).
3752:
Jensen SB, Thodberg S, Parween S, Moses ME, Hansen CC, Thomsen J, et al. (April 2021).
1230:
Rifampicin can be used as monotherapy for a few days as prophylaxis against meningitis, but
7091:
7063:
7053:
6672:
6281:
6138:
5378:
5302:
4809:
4487:
3853:
3765:
3706:
3648:
3348:
Campbell EA, Korzheva N, Mustaev A, Murakami K, Nair S, Goldfarb A, Darst SA (March 2001).
1618:
gene, encoding the beta subunit of RNA polymerase. The majority of resistance mutations in
1506:
1344:
1150:
944:
602:
497:
388:
6748:
2439:"Rifampin oral: Uses, Side Effects, Interactions, Pictures, Warnings & Dosing – WebMD"
2021:
268:
8:
6893:
6793:
6717:
6419:
6267:
6230:
5982:
5428:
4029:(10th ed.). United States of America: The McGraw-Hill Companies. pp. 1277–1279.
2497:
Yotsu RR, Murase C, Sugawara M, Suzuki K, Nakanaga K, Ishii N, Asiedu K (November 2015).
2408:
2212:
1733:
1694:
Orally administered rifampicin results in peak plasma concentrations in about 2–4 hours.
1586:
1498:
1061:
978:
488:
238:
234:
7087:
6178:
3857:
3769:
3710:
3652:
3590:
Choi SW, Gu Y, Peters RS, Salgame P, Ellner JJ, Timmins GS, Deretic V (September 2018).
3314:"Rifampin oral: Uses, Side Effects, Interactions, Pictures, Warnings & Dosing—WebMD"
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Parsonage B, Hagglund PK, Keogh L, Wheelhouse N, Brown RE, Dancer SJ (2 November 2017).
2970:
764:
741:
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6922:
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6332:
5679:
5151:
4088:
4063:
3959:
3876:
3841:
3788:
3753:
3729:
3694:
3672:
3616:
3591:
3572:
3523:
3379:
3295:
3221:
3173:
3148:
3110:
3083:
2895:
2870:
2771:
2746:
2681:
2656:
2528:
2470:
2407:
Centers for
Disease Control Prevention (CDC); American Thoracic Society (August 2003).
2384:
2359:
2025:
1980:
1955:
1954:
Sterling TR, Njie G, Zenner D, Cohn DL, Reves R, Ahmed A, et al. (February 2020).
1877:
1850:"Drug and medical device highlights 2018: Helping you maintain and improve your health"
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2307:
7071:
6778:
4935:
4346:
4338:
4207:
4093:
4003:
3963:
3951:
3881:
3842:"Rifamycin antibiotic resistance by ADP-ribosylation: Structure and diversity of Arr"
3793:
3734:
3664:
3621:
3564:
3559:
3542:
3515:
3510:
3493:
3371:
3254:
3244:
3213:
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3115:
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2952:
2900:
2851:
2776:
2727:
2686:
2637:
2596:
2569:
2520:
2477:
2420:
2389:
2337:
2288:
2223:
2190:
2157:
2091:
2057:
2033:
1985:
1746:
1381:
1223:
693:
337:
324:
312:
163:
3576:
3527:
3413:"Division of Clinical Pharmacology | Indiana University Department of Medicine"
3299:
2938:
2532:
522:
7356:
7076:
6958:
6888:
6773:
6763:
6677:
6527:
5424:
5131:
5103:
4083:
4075:
3995:
3947:
3943:
3871:
3861:
3783:
3773:
3724:
3714:
3676:
3656:
3611:
3603:
3554:
3505:
3383:
3361:
3285:
3225:
3205:
3168:
3160:
3105:
3095:
3054:
3013:
3005:
2942:
2934:
2890:
2882:
2841:
2833:
2766:
2758:
2717:
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2668:
2627:
2559:
2510:
2379:
2375:
2371:
2327:
2319:
2278:
2182:
2147:
2119:
2017:
1975:
1967:
1666:
of rifampicin. With the assistance of the enzyme Arr produced by the pathogen
1663:
1619:
1368:
Cutaneous—flushing, pruritus, rash, hyperpigmentation, redness and watering of eyes
777:
347:
258:
66:
3812:
3543:"Mechanisms involved in the intrinsic isoniazid resistance of Mycobacterium avium"
2837:
2794:
2323:
1790:
7456:
7033:
6928:
6808:
6159:
5921:
5875:
5871:
5320:
5146:
4637:
4628:
3059:
3042:
1683:
1458:
1065:
375:
355:
4920:
4916:
3592:"Ambroxol Induces Autophagy and Potentiates Rifampin Antimycobacterial Activity"
2886:
1928:
1774:
Rifampicin was first sold in Italy in 1968 and was approved by the FDA in 1971.
1596:
and alter its conformation as well as activity towards supporting metabolism of
149:
7381:
7301:
7171:
7028:
6883:
6848:
6507:
6396:
5948:
5863:
5806:
5693:
5563:
5363:
5358:
5348:
5212:
5207:
5171:
5029:
4854:
4779:
4523:
4373:
4022:
3846:
Proceedings of the
National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
3778:
3699:
Proceedings of the
National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
3438:"Division of Clinical Pharmacology | Indiana University Department of Medicine"
2564:
2547:
1601:
1578:
1537:
1451:
1417:
1343:
is hepatotoxicity, and people receiving it often undergo baseline and frequent
1308:
1304:
1214:
1118:
1070:
5859:
3241:
Medical-surgical nursing : assessment and management of clinical problems
7466:
7321:
7196:
7081:
7043:
6938:
6903:
6838:
6637:
6597:
6497:
6314:
6113:
5893:
5661:
5611:
5601:
5559:
5549:
5539:
5471:
5395:
5353:
5273:
5197:
5166:
5085:
5071:
5059:
5049:
5043:
5039:
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1854:
1525:
1432:
1428:
1200:
1145:
1080:
855:
845:
753:
3866:
3719:
3481:(3rd ed.). Boston: Blackwell Scientific Publications. pp. 274–275.
3350:"Structural mechanism for rifampicin inhibition of bacterial rna polymerase"
3239:
Lewis SM, Dirksen SR, Heitkemper MM, Bucher L, Harding M (5 December 2013).
3209:
2515:
2498:
2247:. New York, NY: MSS Information Corporation. pp. 44–45, 66–75, 124–130.
1767:(about a jewel heist and rival gangs), they decided to call these compounds
475:)-2,15,17,27,29-pentahydroxy-11-methoxy-3,7,12,14,16,18,22-heptamethyl-26-{(
7406:
7376:
7351:
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6557:
6552:
6532:
6522:
6353:
6124:
6001:
5939:
5867:
5616:
5606:
5591:
5581:
5554:
5534:
5529:
5524:
5519:
5514:
5509:
5491:
5486:
5481:
5476:
5466:
5461:
5420:
5415:
5217:
5108:
4989:
4751:
4684:
4675:
4662:
4541:
4500:
4495:
4350:
4097:
3999:
3955:
3885:
3797:
3738:
3625:
3519:
3375:
3217:
3182:
3119:
3068:
3043:"Management of Pruritus in Primary Biliary Cholangitis: A Narrative Review"
3009:
2918:
2904:
2780:
2731:
2690:
2641:
2632:
2615:
2600:
2573:
2524:
2424:
2393:
2292:
2116:
World Health
Organization model list of essential medicines: 21st list 2019
1989:
1971:
1597:
1545:
1529:
1521:
1114:
1036:
1032:
948:
673:
263:
253:
31:
4211:
4007:
3668:
3568:
3027:
2956:
2855:
2341:
2037:
7391:
7361:
7341:
7291:
7166:
7161:
7146:
7116:
6943:
6898:
6858:
6853:
6803:
6798:
6783:
6622:
6582:
6487:
6362:
6254:
6220:
6206:
6201:
5996:
5957:
5953:
5944:
5777:
5769:
5749:
5702:
5636:
5596:
5544:
5433:
5283:
5222:
5176:
5136:
5113:
4984:
4964:
4908:
4907:
4773:
4739:
4705:
4695:
4618:
4582:
4439:
4392:
3607:
3164:
1541:
1421:
1324:
1238:
1206:
1161:
1101:
157:
2283:
2266:
2152:
2124:
562:
7371:
7331:
7276:
7206:
7191:
7176:
7156:
7131:
7126:
7106:
7101:
7058:
7048:
7013:
6988:
6968:
6933:
6912:
6868:
6843:
6627:
6592:
6577:
6572:
6541:
6502:
6482:
6367:
6324:
6244:
6193:
6154:
6118:
6102:
6092:
6051:
6036:
5971:
5665:
5652:
5641:
5586:
5443:
5438:
5410:
5343:
5313:
5161:
4974:
4929:
4791:
4767:
4755:
4645:
4424:
4407:
2186:
2029:
1710:
1652:
1517:
1513:
1438:
Rifampicin is the 3-(4-methyl-1-piperazinyl)-iminomethyl derivative of
1409:
1385:
1044:
940:
810:
573:
39:
2971:"Rifampicin (Rifampin) - The Antimicrobial Index Knowledgebase—TOKU-E"
2762:
1512:
Other interactions include decreased levels and less effectiveness of
7296:
7286:
7281:
7271:
7256:
7241:
7186:
7141:
7111:
6973:
6953:
6878:
6818:
6813:
6682:
6612:
6602:
6547:
6358:
6309:
6259:
6249:
6239:
6150:
6107:
6097:
6072:
6026:
6011:
5935:
5860:
5759:
5754:
5744:
5726:
5400:
5368:
5338:
5288:
5141:
5064:
4785:
4762:
4734:
4679:
4671:
4564:
4559:
4536:
4444:
4397:
4387:
4368:
3660:
2613:
1725:
1718:
1549:
1533:
1439:
1413:
1393:
1359:
1312:
1040:
986:
937:
508:
401:
143:
48:
1569:
1018:
7201:
7181:
7151:
7023:
6983:
6833:
6823:
6697:
6276:
6169:
6046:
5405:
5192:
4969:
4746:
4531:
4429:
2722:
2705:
2614:
Russell CD, Lawson McLean A, Saunders C, Laurenson IF (June 2014).
1505:
by its induction of the cytochrome P450 system, to the extent that
1490:
1376:
1296:
1250:
1169:
622:
553:
185:
3084:"Control of Antimicrobial Resistance Requires an Ethical Approach"
1424:
gives rifampicin its characteristic red-orange crystalline color.
833:
709:
7411:
7396:
7326:
6788:
6512:
6020:
5991:
5966:
5930:
5278:
4614:
4419:
4184:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
4144:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
2822:"Rifampin as a selective agent for isolation of oral spirochetes"
2654:
1648:
1474:
1455:
1389:
1097:
1084:
959:
4230:
Chemical Safety
Information from Intergovernmental Organizations
3494:"Benzodiazepines in epilepsy: pharmacology and pharmacokinetics"
3081:
2586:
1662:
An alternative mechanism of resistance is through Arr-catalyzed
1416:, so named because of their heterocyclic structure containing a
6031:
4434:
3541:
Mdluli K, Swanson J, Fischer E, Lee RE, Barry CE (March 1998).
3347:
2703:
1763:
1644:
1486:
1482:
1478:
1470:
1466:
1462:
1372:
989:
group of antibiotics. It works by decreasing the production of
653:
3901:
Policy
Framework for Implementing New Tuberculosis Diagnostics
4652:
4119:"FDA works to mitigate shortages of rifampin and rifapentine"
3692:
2467:
2357:
1823:. Rifampicin may be abbreviated R, RMP, RA, RF, or RIF (US).
1758:
1706:
1420:
core spanned by an aliphatic ansa chain. The naphthoquinonic
824:
633:
380:
3932:
3238:
2921:, Griffiths G, Ericsson M, Moss B, Doms RW (February 1994).
2546:
Perlroth J, Kuo M, Tan J, Bayer AS, Miller LG (April 2008).
2146:(6th revision ed.). Geneva: World Health Organization.
2090:. Wallingford, Oxfordshire: CAB International. p. 219.
1431:
groups of the ansa bridge and the naphthol ring, which form
726:
3839:
2917:
1714:
1614:
613:
90:
6449:
3985:
3751:
3272:
Thangaraju P, Singh H, Punitha M, Giri VC, Ali MS (2015).
3271:
3040:
2358:
Sharma SK, Sharma A, Kadhiravan T, Tharyan P (July 2013).
2008:
Sensi P (1983). "History of the development of rifampin".
1966:(1). Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, GA, USA: 1–11.
1832:
Rifampicin is available under many brand names worldwide.
1717:, and it is catalyzed by a high pH and substrate-specific
5716:
5692:
3638:
2496:
2176:
2138:
2110:
1635:
in other species, the corresponding amino acid number in
990:
96:
81:
72:
6462:
3477:
Stockley IH (1994). "Anticoagulant Drug Interactions.".
3041:
Trivedi HD, Lizaola B, Tapper EB, Bonder A (June 2017).
2589:
European Review for Medical and Pharmacological Sciences
2468:
Chambers HF, Gilbert DN, Eliopoulos GM, Saag MS (2015).
2128:. WHO/MVP/EMP/IAU/2019.06. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.
3540:
2053:
Oxford Handbook of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology
998:
World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines
4159:"Laboratory analysis of rifampin/rifapentine products"
3149:"The Ethical Significance of Antimicrobial Resistance"
2242:
2144:
Critically important antimicrobials for human medicine
1953:
7440:
3491:
3405:
3243:(9th ed.). St. Louis, Missouri: Elsevier/Mosby.
2819:
1931:. The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists.
99:
93:
78:
4020:
2991:
1412:
belonging to the chemical class of compounds termed
87:
69:
3589:
3492:Riss J, Cloyd J, Gates J, Collins S (August 2008).
3466:. New York, NY: Churchill Livingstone. p. 123.
2744:
2545:
1210:species are intrinsically resistant to rifampicin.
541:
84:
75:
4825:Isoniazid/pyridoxine/sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim
2469:
2211:
1592:In a recent study Rifampicin was shown to bind to
4297:"Nitrosamine impurities in medications: Guidance"
4248:
3810:
2203:
1167:It is also sometimes used to treat infections by
7464:
2745:Thomas RJ, Dumler JS, Carlyon JA (August 2009).
1303:. The treatment-related adverse effects include
1280:(methicillin resistant) — ≤ 0.006–256 μg/mL
1140:It is also used as preventive treatment against
1124:
1079:Rifampicin is also used to treat nontuberculous
521:
4113:
4111:
4109:
4107:
3688:
3686:
3343:
3341:
3339:
2992:Gieffers J, Solbach W, Maass M (October 1998).
2868:
2472:The Sanford Guide to Antimicrobial Therapy 2015
2353:
2351:
2260:
2258:
2256:
2254:
2218:. New York: HarperCollins Publishers. pp.
1035:in combination with other antibiotics, such as
496:
4232:. International Programme on Chemical Safety.
3399:Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases
2820:Leschine SB, Canale-Parola E (December 1980).
2209:
2181:(Fourth ed.). World Health Organization.
1290:
1060:Rifampicin can be used alone in patients with
7508:World Health Organization essential medicines
6435:
5845:
4893:
4323:
4197:
3146:
1676:
1237:Rifampicin is relatively ineffective against
4815:Ethambutol/isoniazid/pyrazinamide/rifampicin
4104:
4055:
3833:
3683:
3583:
3485:
3336:
2862:
2738:
2697:
2490:
2400:
2348:
2251:
1782:
681:
189:
6718:
4200:Giornale Italiano delle Malattie del Torace
3979:
3936:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
3907:. Geneva: World Health Organization. 2011.
3632:
3534:
3195:
3034:
2985:
2911:
2813:
2413:MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report
2364:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
2299:
2003:
2001:
1999:
1923:
1318:
1004:. Rifampicin is made by the soil bacterium
267:
6769:Allopregnanedione (5α-dihydroprogesterone)
6442:
6428:
5852:
5838:
4900:
4886:
4330:
4316:
4254:
2243:Erlich H, Doolittle WF, Neuhoff V (1973).
2214:Essential Guide to Prescription Drugs 1992
1921:
1919:
1917:
1915:
1913:
1911:
1909:
1907:
1905:
1903:
1607:
1256:
1249:Rifampicin has some effectiveness against
1217:in largely unsuccessful attempts to treat
763:
740:
581:
4087:
4027:The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics
3875:
3865:
3787:
3777:
3728:
3718:
3615:
3558:
3509:
3365:
3289:
3172:
3109:
3099:
3058:
3017:
2946:
2894:
2869:Charity JC, Katz E, Moss B (March 2007).
2845:
2770:
2721:
2680:
2631:
2563:
2514:
2383:
2331:
2282:
2264:
2151:
2123:
1979:
1435:with amino acid residues on the protein.
601:
6467:Tooltip Constitutive androstane receptor
3476:
3401:. Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 339.
2079:
2077:
1996:
1568:
1327:has been used to treat the skin disease
1031:Rifampicin is used for the treatment of
1017:
4061:
4014:
3461:
3455:
3396:
2751:Expert Review of Anti-Infective Therapy
1900:
1749:, which is not affected by rifampicin.
1739:
1701:Rifampicin is easily absorbed from the
850:183 to 188 °C (361 to 370 °F)
736:
561:
162:
14:
7465:
7222:Pregnanedione (5β-dihydroprogesterone)
6608:Pregnanedione (5β-dihydroprogesterone)
3147:Littmann J, Viens AM (November 2015).
2236:
2104:
2083:
1947:
1882:Santa Cruz Biotechnology Product Block
1777:
1564:
1497:Rifampicin can reduce the efficacy of
1450:Rifampicin is the most powerful known
754:
318:
6423:
5833:
4881:
4311:
3596:Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy
3324:from the original on 22 November 2014
2998:Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy
2476:. Antimicrobial Therapy; 41 edition.
2449:from the original on 22 November 2014
2305:
2179:Treatment of tuberculosis: guidelines
2118:. Geneva: World Health Organization.
2087:Tuberculosis: diagnosis and treatment
2074:
2044:
2007:
1888:from the original on 27 November 2014
1403:
702:
661:
641:
331:
180:
148:
130:
4236:from the original on 31 October 2017
2801:from the original on October 2, 2014
2267:"Resistance to rifampicin: a review"
1461:enzyme system, including isoenzymes
1107:It is also used in the treatment of
708:
257:
3914:from the original on 9 October 2016
2022:10.1093/clinids/5.supplement_3.s402
1689:
1219:primary amoebic meningoencephalitis
985:is not known. Rifampicin is of the
621:
512:
24:
3415:. Medicine.iupui.edu. 2011-09-27.
3232:
2177:World Health Organization (2010).
1334:
1104:to avoid causing drug resistance.
25:
7534:
4830:Rifampicin/isoniazid/pyrazinamide
4289:
4041:"Il chimico che salvò molte vite"
1960:MMWR. Recommendations and Reports
294:
212:
7488:4-Methylpiperazin-1-yl compounds
7450:
4198:Moncalvo F, Moreo G (1966). "".
4179:
4139:
4051:from the original on 2014-01-09.
4025:, Gilman AG (2001). "Rifampin".
3829:from the original on 2017-01-16.
3560:10.1046/j.1365-2958.1998.00774.x
3511:10.1111/j.1600-0404.2008.01004.x
3047:The American Journal of Medicine
2981:from the original on 2014-12-09.
2826:Journal of Clinical Microbiology
2070:from the original on 2015-11-24.
2056:. OUP Oxford. 2009. p. 56.
794:
788:
65:
47:
38:
4820:Ethambutol/isoniazid/rifampicin
4267:
4218:
4191:
4151:
4033:
3970:
3926:
3892:
3804:
3745:
3470:
3430:
3419:from the original on 2011-11-05
3390:
3306:
3265:
3189:
3140:
3126:
3075:
2963:
2939:10.1128/JVI.68.2.1103-1114.1994
2787:
2648:
2620:Journal of Medical Microbiology
2607:
2580:
2539:
2461:
2431:
2265:Goldstein BP (September 2014).
2170:
1935:from the original on 2015-09-07
1559:
1445:
1362:, liver failure in severe cases
1354:Other adverse effects include:
1026:
1013:
943:used to treat several types of
901:Key:JQXXHWHPUNPDRT-WLSIYKJHSA-N
6774:Allopregnanolone (brexanolone)
3948:10.1002/14651858.CD009593.pub5
2376:10.1002/14651858.CD007545.pub2
2245:Molecular Biology of Rifamycin
2132:
2010:Reviews of Infectious Diseases
1870:
1842:
1375:, vomiting, abdominal cramps,
1347:to detect early liver damage.
1117:, usually in combination with
1113:infections as associated with
800:
782:
307:
13:
1:
7429:Receptor/signaling modulators
7387:Tropanyl 3,5-dimethulbenzoate
7237:Pregnenolone 16α-carbonitrile
5243:Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole
3811:Pierre-Audiger C, Gicquel B.
3498:Acta Neurologica Scandinavica
3367:10.1016/s0092-8674(01)00286-0
2838:10.1128/jcm.12.6.792-795.1980
2673:10.1016/S0140-6736(17)32456-X
2552:Archives of Internal Medicine
2324:10.1128/aem.20.5.810-814.1970
1878:"Rifampicin (CAS 13292-46-1)"
1835:
1631:When describing mutations in
1125:Other bacteria and protozoans
406:Urine (~30%), faeces (60–65%)
7493:Pregnane X receptor agonists
4165:Food and Drug Administration
4125:Food and Drug Administration
3440:. 2012-12-26. Archived from
3060:10.1016/j.amjmed.2017.01.037
2710:Clinical Infectious Diseases
1884:. Santa Cruz Biotechnology.
1797:Food and Drug Administration
1791:Ranitidine § impurities
1709:functional group is quickly
1295:Rifampicin is used to treat
860:937 °C (1,719 °F)
7:
6964:Dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid
6723:Tooltip Pregnane X receptor
6451:Xenobiotic-sensing receptor
5248:Ormetoprim/sulfadimethoxine
4714:Thioacetazone (amithiozone)
4515:Protein synthesis inhibitor
2887:10.1016/j.virol.2006.09.031
1301:primary biliary cholangitis
1291:Primary biliary cholangitis
10:
7539:
4062:Aronson J (October 1999).
3779:10.1038/s41467-021-22562-w
2565:10.1001/archinte.168.8.805
2503:The Journal of Dermatology
2306:David HL (November 1970).
2271:The Journal of Antibiotics
1788:
1752:
1677:Resistance in tuberculosis
1641:Mycobacterium tuberculosis
1384:—chills, fever, headache,
1365:Respiratory—breathlessness
1266:Mycobacterium tuberculosis
1244:
1054:Mycobacterium tuberculosis
1007:Amycolatopsis rifamycinica
772:Chemical and physical data
7420:
6716:
6460:
6380:
6346:
6323:
6302:
6295:
6219:
6192:
6168:
6137:
6085:
6065:
5981:
5920:
5910:
5901:
5892:
5883:
5790:
5768:
5725:
5715:
5678:
5650:
5629:
5572:
5500:
5452:
5386:
5377:
5329:
5301:
5266:
5258:Pyrimethamine/sulfadoxine
5235:
5185:
5122:
5094:
5015:
5000:
4950:
4928:
4838:
4802:
4726:
4661:
4627:
4604:
4595:
4573:
4550:
4522:
4513:
4481:
4453:
4406:
4367:
4358:
3088:Frontiers in Microbiology
2499:"Revisiting Buruli ulcer"
2140:World Health Organization
2112:World Health Organization
1795:In August 2020, the U.S.
1783:Cancer-causing impurities
1594:cytochrome P450 reductase
1157:Anaplasma phagocytophilum
909:
884:
864:
854:
844:
822:
809:
776:
771:
752:
720:
692:
672:
652:
632:
612:
592:
572:
552:
532:
507:
487:
415:
410:
400:
387:
374:
364:
354:
346:
284:
279:
244:
226:
200:
170:
156:
138:
121:
111:
60:
55:
46:
37:
7347:Testosterone isocaproate
7262:Reverse triiodothyronine
4597:Cell envelope antibiotic
4483:Topoisomerase inhibitors
4080:10.1136/bmj.319.7215.972
3291:10.4103/1858-5000.157506
3101:10.3389/fmicb.2017.02124
1819:, while rifampin is the
1806:
1329:hidradenitis suppurativa
1319:Hidradenitis suppurativa
7503:Anti-tuberculosis drugs
6739:17α-Hydroxyprogesterone
6734:17α-Hydroxypregnenolone
6303:Nucleic acid inhibitors
4575:Polypeptide antibiotics
4467:Calcium aminosalicylate
4279:Drugs.com International
3867:10.1073/pnas.0711939105
3720:10.1073/pnas.0802822105
3464:Atlas of Drug Reactions
3210:10.1001/jama.2017.16691
2516:10.1111/1346-8138.13049
2210:Long, James W. (1991).
1669:Mycobacterium smegmatis
1608:Mechanism of resistance
1396:in a minority of users.
1268:— 0.002 – 64 μg/mL
1257:Pathogen susceptibility
1087:(Hansen's disease) and
5157:Sulfamethoxypyridazine
4472:Sodium aminosalicylate
4360:Nucleic acid inhibitor
4343:tuberculosis treatment
4256:US granted 3963705
4064:"That's show business"
4000:10.1378/chest.115.1.12
3547:Molecular Microbiology
3010:10.1128/AAC.42.10.2762
2633:10.1099/jmm.0.072280-0
2016:(Suppl 3): S402–S406.
1972:10.15585/mmwr.rr6901a1
1574:
1507:unintended pregnancies
1503:hormonal contraception
1213:It has been used with
1188:Legionella pneumophila
1182:Haemophilus influenzae
1142:Neisseria meningitidis
1121:or other antibiotics.
1110:Mycobacterium ulcerans
1090:Mycobacterium kansasii
1023:
969:Haemophilus influenzae
7498:Rifamycin antibiotics
6478:6,7-Dimethylesculetin
6338:Peginterferon alfa-2a
6287:Tenofovir alafenamide
5630:Newer non-fluorinated
5267:Other DHPS inhibitors
5253:Pyrimethamine/dapsone
5080:Succinylsulfathiazole
5076:Phthalylsulfathiazole
4960:2,4-Diaminopyrimidine
4642:arabinosyltransferase
4462:4-Aminosalicylic acid
3758:Nature Communications
3278:Sudan Medical Monitor
1696:4-Aminosalicylic acid
1624:are in 3 clusters on
1572:
1514:antiretroviral agents
1278:Staphylococcus aureus
1176:Neisseria gonorrhoeae
1131:Staphylococcus aureus
1083:infections including
1021:
975:meningococcal disease
964:Legionnaires' disease
27:Antibiotic medication
7065:Hypericum perforatum
7054:Hetacillin potassium
6282:Tenofovir disoproxil
6268:Nucleotide analogues
6231:Nucleoside analogues
5054:Acetyl sulfisoxazole
4913:inhibit nucleic acid
4810:Ethambutol/isoniazid
3608:10.1128/AAC.01019-18
3153:Public Health Ethics
3053:(6): 744.e1–744.e7.
2312:Applied Microbiology
1740:Use in biotechnology
1639:is usually used. In
1345:liver function tests
1284:Chlamydia pneumoniae
1160:when treatment with
1151:Borrelia burgdorferi
945:bacterial infections
360:90 to 95% (by mouth)
6894:Cyproterone acetate
6794:Amlodipine besylate
5983:Pyrimidine analogue
5429:Alalevonadifloxacin
5096:Intermediate-acting
4678:synth. inhibition:
3858:2008PNAS..105.4886B
3770:2021NatCo..12.2260J
3711:2008PNAS..10514820F
3705:(39): 14820–14825.
3653:1965Natur.207..417C
3602:(9): AAC.01019–18.
3462:Collins RD (1985).
2927:Journal of Virology
2284:10.1038/ja.2014.107
1778:Society and culture
1734:cerebrospinal fluid
1587:phosphodiester bond
1565:Mechanism of action
1556:pharmacokinetics).
1499:birth control pills
1272:Mycobacterium bovis
1062:latent tuberculosis
954:Mycobacterium avium
383:and intestinal wall
327:(Prescription only)
303:(Prescription only)
239:Intravenous therapy
34:
7523:Italian inventions
7473:Antileprotic drugs
7367:Thonzonium bromide
7122:Methylprednisolone
6923:prasterone sulfate
6407:Never to phase III
6333:Interferon alfa 2b
5817:Never to phase III
5318:thereby inhibiting
5306:(inhibit bacterial
5152:Sulfametoxydiazine
4940:thereby inhibiting
4933:(inhibit bacterial
4865:Never to phase III
4347:leprostatic agents
4339:Antimycobacterials
3397:Bennett J (2015).
3165:10.1093/phe/phv025
2667:(10121): 668–678.
2595:(Suppl 2): 35–49.
2084:McHugh TD (2011).
1811:Rifampicin is the
1575:
1404:Chemical structure
1286:— 0.005 μg/mL
1274:— 0.125 μg/mL
1196:Enterobacteriaceae
1024:
1002:generic medication
981:or intravenously.
30:
7438:
7437:
7072:Indinavir sulfate
6779:Alpha-Lipoic acid
6754:Δ-Androstenedione
6744:Δ-Androstenedione
6417:
6416:
6376:
6375:
6215:
6214:
6133:
6132:
6081:
6080:
6061:
6060:
5827:
5826:
5786:
5785:
5711:
5710:
5674:
5673:
5625:
5624:
5297:
5296:
5231:
5230:
4936:purine metabolism
4875:
4874:
4722:
4721:
4712:Others/unsorted:
4591:
4590:
4509:
4508:
4169:. 28 January 2021
3852:(12): 4886–4891.
3479:Drug Interactions
3250:978-0-323-10089-2
3204:(20): 2019–2032.
3134:"AboutKidsHealth"
3004:(10): 2762–2764.
2763:10.1586/eri.09.44
2626:(Pt 6): 841–848.
2483:978-1-930808-84-3
2229:978-0-06-273090-9
2196:978-92-4-154783-3
2097:978-1-84593-807-9
2063:978-0-19-103962-1
1858:. 14 October 2020
1747:T7 RNA polymerase
1659:and cluster III.
1382:Flu-like symptoms
1339:The most serious
1224:Naegleria fowleri
1022:Rifampicin powder
927:
926:
835:Interactive image
722:CompTox Dashboard
335:
322:
310:
298:
216:
183:
133:
16:(Redirected from
7530:
7455:
7454:
7453:
7446:
7357:Thiamylal sodium
7092:γ-linolenic acid
7088:α-Linolenic acid
7086:Linolenic acid:
7077:Lasalocid sodium
7067:(St John's wort)
6959:Docusate calcium
6889:Cyclophosphamide
6764:Allopregnanediol
6749:Δ-Androstenediol
6724:
6720:
6678:Ethinylestradiol
6528:Cyclophosphamide
6468:
6464:
6444:
6437:
6430:
6421:
6420:
6347:Multiple/unknown
6300:
6299:
6296:Multiple/general
6066:Not TK activated
5918:
5917:
5908:
5907:
5899:
5898:
5890:
5889:
5854:
5847:
5840:
5831:
5830:
5723:
5722:
5690:
5689:
5425:Levonadifloxacin
5384:
5383:
5379:Fluoroquinolones
5327:
5326:
5132:Sulfadimethoxine
5104:Sulfamethoxazole
5025:Sulfaisodimidine
5013:
5012:
4948:
4947:
4902:
4895:
4888:
4879:
4878:
4602:
4601:
4520:
4519:
4365:
4364:
4332:
4325:
4318:
4309:
4308:
4304:
4283:
4282:
4271:
4265:
4264:
4263:
4259:
4252:
4246:
4245:
4243:
4241:
4222:
4216:
4215:
4195:
4189:
4183:
4182:
4178:
4176:
4174:
4155:
4149:
4143:
4142:
4138:
4136:
4134:
4129:. 26 August 2020
4115:
4102:
4101:
4091:
4059:
4053:
4052:
4037:
4031:
4030:
4018:
4012:
4011:
3983:
3977:
3974:
3968:
3967:
3930:
3924:
3923:
3921:
3919:
3913:
3906:
3896:
3890:
3889:
3879:
3869:
3837:
3831:
3830:
3828:
3817:
3808:
3802:
3801:
3791:
3781:
3749:
3743:
3742:
3732:
3722:
3690:
3681:
3680:
3661:10.1038/207417a0
3647:(995): 417–418.
3636:
3630:
3629:
3619:
3587:
3581:
3580:
3562:
3553:(6): 1223–1233.
3538:
3532:
3531:
3513:
3489:
3483:
3482:
3474:
3468:
3467:
3459:
3453:
3452:
3450:
3449:
3434:
3428:
3427:
3425:
3424:
3409:
3403:
3402:
3394:
3388:
3387:
3369:
3345:
3334:
3333:
3331:
3329:
3310:
3304:
3303:
3293:
3269:
3263:
3262:
3236:
3230:
3229:
3193:
3187:
3186:
3176:
3144:
3138:
3137:
3130:
3124:
3123:
3113:
3103:
3079:
3073:
3072:
3062:
3038:
3032:
3031:
3021:
2989:
2983:
2982:
2967:
2961:
2960:
2950:
2933:(2): 1103–1114.
2915:
2909:
2908:
2898:
2866:
2860:
2859:
2849:
2817:
2811:
2810:
2808:
2806:
2791:
2785:
2784:
2774:
2742:
2736:
2735:
2725:
2716:(9): 1089–1134.
2701:
2695:
2694:
2684:
2652:
2646:
2645:
2635:
2611:
2605:
2604:
2584:
2578:
2577:
2567:
2543:
2537:
2536:
2518:
2494:
2488:
2487:
2475:
2465:
2459:
2458:
2456:
2454:
2435:
2429:
2428:
2404:
2398:
2397:
2387:
2355:
2346:
2345:
2335:
2303:
2297:
2296:
2286:
2262:
2249:
2248:
2240:
2234:
2233:
2217:
2207:
2201:
2200:
2174:
2168:
2167:
2155:
2136:
2130:
2129:
2127:
2108:
2102:
2101:
2081:
2072:
2071:
2048:
2042:
2041:
2005:
1994:
1993:
1983:
1951:
1945:
1944:
1942:
1940:
1925:
1898:
1897:
1895:
1893:
1874:
1868:
1867:
1865:
1863:
1846:
1705:(GI) tract; its
1703:gastrointestinal
1690:Pharmacokinetics
1664:ADP-ribosylation
1408:Rifampicin is a
1323:Rifampicin with
932:, also known as
923:
922:
915:
837:
817:
802:
796:
790:
784:
767:
756:
745:
744:
730:
728:
712:
706:
685:
665:
645:
625:
605:
585:
565:
545:
525:
515:
514:
500:
392:
333:
330:
320:
317:
309:
306:
296:
293:
271:
261:
214:
211:
193:
182:
179:
166:
152:
132:
129:
106:
105:
102:
101:
98:
95:
92:
89:
86:
83:
80:
77:
74:
71:
51:
42:
35:
33:
29:
21:
7538:
7537:
7533:
7532:
7531:
7529:
7528:
7527:
7483:CYP3A4 inducers
7478:CYP1A2 inducers
7463:
7462:
7461:
7451:
7449:
7441:
7439:
7434:
7416:
7317:Suberoylanilide
7034:Fluorometholone
6929:Dibunate sodium
6809:Aurothioglucose
6722:
6712:
6648:3,17β-Estradiol
6466:
6456:
6448:
6418:
6413:
6412:
6397:Clinical trials
6372:
6342:
6319:
6291:
6211:
6188:
6164:
6160:Podophyllotoxin
6129:
6077:
6057:
5977:
5922:Purine analogue
5903:
5879:
5858:
5828:
5823:
5822:
5807:Clinical trials
5782:
5764:
5730:
5707:
5683:
5670:
5646:
5621:
5568:
5496:
5448:
5373:
5321:DNA replication
5319:
5317:
5311:
5307:
5305:
5293:
5262:
5227:
5186:Other/ungrouped
5181:
5147:Sulfametomidine
5118:
5090:
5004:
4996:
4943:
4941:
4939:
4934:
4932:
4924:
4906:
4876:
4871:
4870:
4855:Clinical trials
4834:
4798:
4718:
4657:
4638:Ethylenediamine
4629:Arabinogalactan
4623:
4587:
4569:
4546:
4524:Aminoglycosides
4505:
4486:
4477:
4449:
4402:
4372:
4354:
4336:
4303:. 4 April 2022.
4295:
4292:
4287:
4286:
4273:
4272:
4268:
4261:
4253:
4249:
4239:
4237:
4224:
4223:
4219:
4196:
4192:
4180:
4172:
4170:
4157:
4156:
4152:
4140:
4132:
4130:
4117:
4116:
4105:
4060:
4056:
4039:
4038:
4034:
4019:
4015:
3984:
3980:
3975:
3971:
3942:(5): CD009593.
3931:
3927:
3917:
3915:
3911:
3904:
3898:
3897:
3893:
3838:
3834:
3826:
3815:
3809:
3805:
3750:
3746:
3691:
3684:
3637:
3633:
3588:
3584:
3539:
3535:
3490:
3486:
3475:
3471:
3460:
3456:
3447:
3445:
3436:
3435:
3431:
3422:
3420:
3411:
3410:
3406:
3395:
3391:
3346:
3337:
3327:
3325:
3312:
3311:
3307:
3270:
3266:
3251:
3237:
3233:
3194:
3190:
3145:
3141:
3132:
3131:
3127:
3080:
3076:
3039:
3035:
2990:
2986:
2969:
2968:
2964:
2916:
2912:
2867:
2863:
2818:
2814:
2804:
2802:
2793:
2792:
2788:
2743:
2739:
2702:
2698:
2653:
2649:
2612:
2608:
2585:
2581:
2544:
2540:
2509:(11): 1033–41.
2495:
2491:
2484:
2466:
2462:
2452:
2450:
2437:
2436:
2432:
2419:(31): 735–739.
2405:
2401:
2370:(7): CD007545.
2356:
2349:
2304:
2300:
2263:
2252:
2241:
2237:
2230:
2208:
2204:
2197:
2175:
2171:
2164:
2137:
2133:
2109:
2105:
2098:
2082:
2075:
2064:
2050:
2049:
2045:
2006:
1997:
1952:
1948:
1938:
1936:
1927:
1926:
1901:
1891:
1889:
1876:
1875:
1871:
1861:
1859:
1848:
1847:
1843:
1838:
1809:
1793:
1785:
1780:
1755:
1742:
1692:
1684:Cochrane review
1679:
1610:
1567:
1562:
1459:cytochrome P450
1448:
1406:
1358:Liver toxicity—
1337:
1335:Adverse effects
1321:
1293:
1259:
1247:
1127:
1066:Cochrane review
1029:
1016:
918:
916:
913:(what is this?)
910:
905:
902:
897:
892:
891:
880:
877:
872:
871:
840:
815:
805:
799:
793:
787:
748:
724:
716:
688:
668:
648:
628:
608:
588:
568:
548:
528:
511:
503:
483:
480:
423:
422:
390:
366:Protein binding
356:Bioavailability
348:Pharmacokinetic
342:
275:
229:
222:
203:
196:
117:Rifadin, others
68:
64:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
7536:
7526:
7525:
7520:
7515:
7510:
7505:
7500:
7495:
7490:
7485:
7480:
7475:
7460:
7459:
7436:
7435:
7433:
7432:
7425:
7421:
7418:
7417:
7415:
7414:
7409:
7400:
7399:
7394:
7389:
7384:
7382:Troleandomycin
7379:
7374:
7369:
7364:
7359:
7354:
7349:
7344:
7339:
7334:
7329:
7324:
7319:
7314:
7309:
7304:
7302:Spironolactone
7299:
7294:
7289:
7284:
7279:
7274:
7269:
7264:
7259:
7254:
7249:
7244:
7239:
7234:
7229:
7224:
7219:
7214:
7209:
7204:
7199:
7194:
7189:
7184:
7179:
7174:
7172:Norelgestromin
7169:
7164:
7159:
7154:
7149:
7144:
7139:
7134:
7129:
7124:
7119:
7114:
7109:
7104:
7099:
7094:
7084:
7079:
7074:
7069:
7061:
7056:
7051:
7046:
7041:
7036:
7031:
7029:Flucloxacillin
7026:
7021:
7016:
7011:
7006:
7001:
6996:
6991:
6986:
6981:
6976:
6971:
6966:
6961:
6956:
6951:
6946:
6941:
6936:
6931:
6926:
6916:
6906:
6901:
6896:
6891:
6886:
6884:Corticosterone
6881:
6876:
6871:
6866:
6861:
6856:
6851:
6849:Chlorpromazine
6846:
6841:
6836:
6831:
6826:
6821:
6816:
6811:
6806:
6801:
6796:
6791:
6786:
6781:
6776:
6771:
6766:
6761:
6756:
6751:
6746:
6741:
6736:
6727:
6725:
6714:
6713:
6711:
6710:
6705:
6700:
6695:
6690:
6685:
6680:
6675:
6670:
6668:17-Androstanol
6665:
6663:3β-Androstanol
6660:
6658:3α-Androstenol
6655:
6653:3α-Androstanol
6650:
6641:
6640:
6635:
6630:
6625:
6620:
6615:
6610:
6605:
6600:
6595:
6590:
6585:
6580:
6575:
6570:
6565:
6560:
6555:
6550:
6545:
6535:
6530:
6525:
6520:
6515:
6510:
6508:Chlorpromazine
6505:
6500:
6495:
6490:
6485:
6480:
6471:
6469:
6458:
6457:
6447:
6446:
6439:
6432:
6424:
6415:
6414:
6411:
6410:
6409:
6408:
6405:
6394:
6388:
6382:
6381:
6378:
6377:
6374:
6373:
6371:
6370:
6365:
6356:
6350:
6348:
6344:
6343:
6341:
6340:
6335:
6329:
6327:
6321:
6320:
6318:
6317:
6312:
6306:
6304:
6297:
6293:
6292:
6290:
6289:
6284:
6279:
6263:
6262:
6257:
6252:
6247:
6242:
6226:
6224:
6217:
6216:
6213:
6212:
6210:
6209:
6204:
6198:
6196:
6190:
6189:
6187:
6186:
6174:
6172:
6166:
6165:
6163:
6162:
6157:
6147:
6145:
6135:
6134:
6131:
6130:
6128:
6127:
6122:
6110:
6105:
6100:
6095:
6089:
6087:
6083:
6082:
6079:
6078:
6076:
6075:
6069:
6067:
6063:
6062:
6059:
6058:
6056:
6055:
6042:
6041:
6040:
6039:
6034:
6029:
6016:
6015:
6009:
5999:
5987:
5985:
5979:
5978:
5976:
5975:
5962:
5961:
5951:
5949:Valganciclovir
5942:
5926:
5924:
5915:
5905:
5896:
5887:
5881:
5880:
5857:
5856:
5849:
5842:
5834:
5825:
5824:
5821:
5820:
5819:
5818:
5815:
5804:
5798:
5792:
5791:
5788:
5787:
5784:
5783:
5781:
5780:
5774:
5772:
5766:
5765:
5763:
5762:
5757:
5752:
5747:
5742:
5736:
5734:
5732:RNA polymerase
5720:
5713:
5712:
5709:
5708:
5706:
5705:
5699:
5697:
5694:Nitroimidazole
5687:
5676:
5675:
5672:
5671:
5669:
5668:
5662:Aminocoumarins
5658:
5656:
5648:
5647:
5645:
5644:
5639:
5633:
5631:
5627:
5626:
5623:
5622:
5620:
5619:
5614:
5609:
5604:
5599:
5594:
5589:
5584:
5578:
5576:
5570:
5569:
5567:
5566:
5564:Alatrofloxacin
5557:
5552:
5547:
5542:
5537:
5532:
5527:
5522:
5517:
5512:
5506:
5504:
5502:4th generation
5498:
5497:
5495:
5494:
5489:
5484:
5479:
5474:
5469:
5464:
5458:
5456:
5454:3rd generation
5450:
5449:
5447:
5446:
5441:
5436:
5431:
5418:
5413:
5408:
5403:
5398:
5392:
5390:
5388:2nd generation
5381:
5375:
5374:
5372:
5371:
5366:
5364:Piromidic acid
5361:
5359:Pipemidic acid
5356:
5351:
5349:Nalidixic acid
5346:
5341:
5335:
5333:
5331:1st generation
5324:
5299:
5298:
5295:
5294:
5292:
5291:
5286:
5281:
5276:
5270:
5268:
5264:
5263:
5261:
5260:
5255:
5250:
5245:
5239:
5237:
5233:
5232:
5229:
5228:
5226:
5225:
5220:
5215:
5213:Sulfaguanidine
5210:
5208:Sulfadicramide
5205:
5200:
5195:
5189:
5187:
5183:
5182:
5180:
5179:
5174:
5172:Sulfaphenazole
5169:
5164:
5159:
5154:
5149:
5144:
5139:
5134:
5128:
5126:
5120:
5119:
5117:
5116:
5111:
5106:
5100:
5098:
5092:
5091:
5089:
5088:
5083:
5069:
5068:
5067:
5057:
5047:
5037:
5032:
5030:Sulfamethizole
5027:
5021:
5019:
5010:
5007:DHPS inhibitor
4998:
4997:
4995:
4994:
4993:
4992:
4987:
4982:
4977:
4972:
4967:
4956:
4954:
4952:DHFR inhibitor
4945:
4926:
4925:
4909:Antibacterials
4905:
4904:
4897:
4890:
4882:
4873:
4872:
4869:
4868:
4867:
4866:
4863:
4852:
4846:
4840:
4839:
4836:
4835:
4833:
4832:
4827:
4822:
4817:
4812:
4806:
4804:
4800:
4799:
4797:
4796:
4780:Nitroimidazole
4776:
4771:
4759:
4743:
4730:
4728:
4724:
4723:
4720:
4719:
4717:
4716:
4709:
4708:
4703:
4698:
4692:Thiocarbamides
4688:
4687:
4682:
4668:
4666:
4659:
4658:
4656:
4655:
4649:
4648:
4634:
4632:
4625:
4624:
4622:
4621:
4611:
4609:
4599:
4593:
4592:
4589:
4588:
4586:
4585:
4579:
4577:
4571:
4570:
4568:
4567:
4562:
4556:
4554:
4548:
4547:
4545:
4544:
4539:
4534:
4528:
4526:
4517:
4511:
4510:
4507:
4506:
4504:
4503:
4498:
4492:
4490:
4479:
4478:
4476:
4475:
4469:
4457:
4455:
4451:
4450:
4448:
4447:
4442:
4437:
4432:
4427:
4422:
4416:
4414:
4404:
4403:
4401:
4400:
4395:
4390:
4385:
4379:
4377:
4374:RNA polymerase
4362:
4356:
4355:
4335:
4334:
4327:
4320:
4312:
4306:
4305:
4291:
4290:External links
4288:
4285:
4284:
4266:
4247:
4217:
4206:(3): 120–131.
4190:
4150:
4103:
4054:
4032:
4013:
3978:
3969:
3925:
3891:
3832:
3803:
3744:
3682:
3631:
3582:
3533:
3484:
3469:
3454:
3429:
3404:
3389:
3360:(6): 901–912.
3335:
3305:
3264:
3249:
3231:
3188:
3159:(3): 209–224.
3139:
3125:
3074:
3033:
2984:
2962:
2910:
2881:(1): 227–232.
2861:
2832:(6): 792–795.
2812:
2786:
2757:(6): 709–722.
2737:
2723:10.1086/508667
2696:
2647:
2606:
2579:
2558:(8): 805–819.
2538:
2489:
2482:
2460:
2430:
2399:
2347:
2318:(5): 810–814.
2298:
2277:(9): 625–630.
2250:
2235:
2228:
2202:
2195:
2169:
2162:
2131:
2103:
2096:
2073:
2062:
2043:
1995:
1946:
1899:
1869:
1840:
1839:
1837:
1834:
1808:
1805:
1784:
1781:
1779:
1776:
1754:
1751:
1741:
1738:
1691:
1688:
1678:
1675:
1609:
1606:
1579:RNA polymerase
1566:
1563:
1561:
1558:
1538:clarithromycin
1447:
1444:
1433:hydrogen bonds
1418:naphthoquinone
1405:
1402:
1401:
1400:
1397:
1379:
1369:
1366:
1363:
1341:adverse effect
1336:
1333:
1320:
1317:
1309:nephrotoxicity
1305:hepatotoxicity
1292:
1289:
1288:
1287:
1281:
1275:
1269:
1258:
1255:
1246:
1243:
1215:amphotericin B
1126:
1123:
1119:clarithromycin
1071:hepatotoxicity
1028:
1025:
1015:
1012:
925:
924:
907:
906:
904:
903:
900:
898:
895:
887:
886:
885:
882:
881:
879:
878:
875:
867:
866:
865:
862:
861:
858:
852:
851:
848:
842:
841:
839:
838:
830:
828:
820:
819:
813:
807:
806:
803:
797:
791:
785:
780:
774:
773:
769:
768:
758:
750:
749:
747:
746:
733:
731:
718:
717:
715:
714:
698:
696:
690:
689:
687:
686:
678:
676:
670:
669:
667:
666:
658:
656:
650:
649:
647:
646:
638:
636:
630:
629:
627:
626:
618:
616:
610:
609:
607:
606:
598:
596:
590:
589:
587:
586:
578:
576:
570:
569:
567:
566:
558:
556:
550:
549:
547:
546:
538:
536:
530:
529:
527:
526:
518:
516:
505:
504:
502:
501:
493:
491:
485:
484:
482:
481:
426:
418:
417:
416:
413:
412:
408:
407:
404:
398:
397:
394:
385:
384:
378:
372:
371:
368:
362:
361:
358:
352:
351:
344:
343:
341:
340:
328:
315:
304:
290:
288:
282:
281:
277:
276:
274:
273:
250:
248:
242:
241:
232:
230:administration
224:
223:
221:
220:
218:
208:
206:
198:
197:
195:
194:
176:
174:
168:
167:
160:
154:
153:
146:
136:
135:
123:
119:
118:
115:
109:
108:
62:
58:
57:
53:
52:
44:
43:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7535:
7524:
7521:
7519:
7516:
7514:
7511:
7509:
7506:
7504:
7501:
7499:
7496:
7494:
7491:
7489:
7486:
7484:
7481:
7479:
7476:
7474:
7471:
7470:
7468:
7458:
7448:
7447:
7444:
7431:
7430:
7426:
7423:
7422:
7419:
7413:
7410:
7408:
7405:
7402:
7401:
7398:
7395:
7393:
7390:
7388:
7385:
7383:
7380:
7378:
7375:
7373:
7370:
7368:
7365:
7363:
7360:
7358:
7355:
7353:
7350:
7348:
7345:
7343:
7340:
7338:
7335:
7333:
7330:
7328:
7325:
7323:
7322:Sulfisoxazole
7320:
7318:
7315:
7313:
7310:
7308:
7305:
7303:
7300:
7298:
7295:
7293:
7290:
7288:
7285:
7283:
7280:
7278:
7275:
7273:
7270:
7268:
7265:
7263:
7260:
7258:
7255:
7253:
7250:
7248:
7245:
7243:
7240:
7238:
7235:
7233:
7230:
7228:
7225:
7223:
7220:
7218:
7215:
7213:
7210:
7208:
7205:
7203:
7200:
7198:
7197:Phenobarbital
7195:
7193:
7190:
7188:
7185:
7183:
7180:
7178:
7175:
7173:
7170:
7168:
7165:
7163:
7160:
7158:
7155:
7153:
7150:
7148:
7145:
7143:
7140:
7138:
7135:
7133:
7130:
7128:
7125:
7123:
7120:
7118:
7115:
7113:
7110:
7108:
7105:
7103:
7100:
7098:
7095:
7093:
7089:
7085:
7083:
7082:Levothyroxine
7080:
7078:
7075:
7073:
7070:
7068:
7066:
7062:
7060:
7057:
7055:
7052:
7050:
7047:
7045:
7044:Guggulsterone
7042:
7040:
7037:
7035:
7032:
7030:
7027:
7025:
7022:
7020:
7017:
7015:
7012:
7010:
7007:
7005:
7002:
7000:
6997:
6995:
6992:
6990:
6987:
6985:
6982:
6980:
6977:
6975:
6972:
6970:
6967:
6965:
6962:
6960:
6957:
6955:
6952:
6950:
6947:
6945:
6942:
6940:
6939:Dicloxacillin
6937:
6935:
6932:
6930:
6927:
6924:
6920:
6917:
6914:
6910:
6907:
6905:
6904:Dexamethasone
6902:
6900:
6897:
6895:
6892:
6890:
6887:
6885:
6882:
6880:
6877:
6875:
6872:
6870:
6867:
6865:
6862:
6860:
6857:
6855:
6852:
6850:
6847:
6845:
6842:
6840:
6839:Cephaloridine
6837:
6835:
6832:
6830:
6827:
6825:
6822:
6820:
6817:
6815:
6812:
6810:
6807:
6805:
6802:
6800:
6797:
6795:
6792:
6790:
6787:
6785:
6782:
6780:
6777:
6775:
6772:
6770:
6767:
6765:
6762:
6760:
6757:
6755:
6752:
6750:
6747:
6745:
6742:
6740:
6737:
6735:
6732:
6729:
6728:
6726:
6721:
6715:
6709:
6706:
6704:
6701:
6699:
6696:
6694:
6691:
6689:
6686:
6684:
6681:
6679:
6676:
6674:
6671:
6669:
6666:
6664:
6661:
6659:
6656:
6654:
6651:
6649:
6646:
6643:
6642:
6639:
6638:Valproic acid
6636:
6634:
6631:
6629:
6626:
6624:
6621:
6619:
6616:
6614:
6611:
6609:
6606:
6604:
6601:
6599:
6598:Phenobarbital
6596:
6594:
6591:
6589:
6586:
6584:
6581:
6579:
6576:
6574:
6571:
6569:
6566:
6564:
6561:
6559:
6556:
6554:
6551:
6549:
6546:
6543:
6539:
6536:
6534:
6531:
6529:
6526:
6524:
6521:
6519:
6516:
6514:
6511:
6509:
6506:
6504:
6501:
6499:
6498:Carbamazepine
6496:
6494:
6491:
6489:
6486:
6484:
6481:
6479:
6476:
6473:
6472:
6470:
6465:
6459:
6455:
6452:
6445:
6440:
6438:
6433:
6431:
6426:
6425:
6422:
6406:
6404:
6401:
6400:
6398:
6395:
6392:
6389:
6387:
6384:
6383:
6379:
6369:
6366:
6364:
6360:
6357:
6355:
6352:
6351:
6349:
6345:
6339:
6336:
6334:
6331:
6330:
6328:
6326:
6322:
6316:
6315:Brincidofovir
6313:
6311:
6308:
6307:
6305:
6301:
6298:
6294:
6288:
6285:
6283:
6280:
6278:
6275:
6273:
6269:
6265:
6264:
6261:
6258:
6256:
6253:
6251:
6248:
6246:
6243:
6241:
6238:
6236:
6232:
6228:
6227:
6225:
6222:
6218:
6208:
6205:
6203:
6200:
6199:
6197:
6195:
6191:
6185:
6182:
6180:
6176:
6175:
6173:
6171:
6167:
6161:
6158:
6156:
6152:
6149:
6148:
6146:
6144:
6140:
6136:
6126:
6123:
6120:
6116:
6115:
6114:early protein
6111:
6109:
6106:
6104:
6101:
6099:
6096:
6094:
6091:
6090:
6088:
6084:
6074:
6071:
6070:
6068:
6064:
6053:
6049:
6048:
6044:
6043:
6038:
6035:
6033:
6030:
6028:
6025:
6024:
6023:
6022:
6018:
6017:
6013:
6010:
6007:
6003:
6000:
5998:
5994:
5993:
5989:
5988:
5986:
5984:
5980:
5973:
5969:
5968:
5964:
5963:
5959:
5955:
5952:
5950:
5946:
5943:
5941:
5937:
5933:
5932:
5928:
5927:
5925:
5923:
5919:
5916:
5913:
5909:
5906:
5902:DNA-synthesis
5900:
5897:
5895:
5891:
5888:
5886:
5882:
5877:
5873:
5869:
5865:
5862:
5855:
5850:
5848:
5843:
5841:
5836:
5835:
5832:
5816:
5814:
5811:
5810:
5808:
5805:
5802:
5799:
5797:
5794:
5793:
5789:
5779:
5776:
5775:
5773:
5771:
5767:
5761:
5758:
5756:
5753:
5751:
5748:
5746:
5743:
5741:
5738:
5737:
5735:
5733:
5728:
5724:
5721:
5718:
5714:
5704:
5701:
5700:
5698:
5695:
5691:
5688:
5686:
5681:
5677:
5667:
5663:
5660:
5659:
5657:
5654:
5649:
5643:
5640:
5638:
5635:
5634:
5632:
5628:
5618:
5615:
5613:
5612:Pradofloxacin
5610:
5608:
5605:
5603:
5602:Marbofloxacin
5600:
5598:
5595:
5593:
5590:
5588:
5585:
5583:
5580:
5579:
5577:
5575:
5571:
5565:
5561:
5560:Trovafloxacin
5558:
5556:
5553:
5551:
5550:Prulifloxacin
5548:
5546:
5543:
5541:
5540:Clinafloxacin
5538:
5536:
5533:
5531:
5528:
5526:
5523:
5521:
5518:
5516:
5513:
5511:
5508:
5507:
5505:
5503:
5499:
5493:
5490:
5488:
5485:
5483:
5480:
5478:
5475:
5473:
5472:Grepafloxacin
5470:
5468:
5465:
5463:
5460:
5459:
5457:
5455:
5451:
5445:
5442:
5440:
5437:
5435:
5432:
5430:
5426:
5422:
5419:
5417:
5414:
5412:
5409:
5407:
5404:
5402:
5399:
5397:
5396:Ciprofloxacin
5394:
5393:
5391:
5389:
5385:
5382:
5380:
5376:
5370:
5367:
5365:
5362:
5360:
5357:
5355:
5354:Oxolinic acid
5352:
5350:
5347:
5345:
5342:
5340:
5337:
5336:
5334:
5332:
5328:
5325:
5322:
5315:
5310:
5309:topoisomerase
5304:
5300:
5290:
5287:
5285:
5282:
5280:
5277:
5275:
5274:Acediasulfone
5272:
5271:
5269:
5265:
5259:
5256:
5254:
5251:
5249:
5246:
5244:
5241:
5240:
5238:
5234:
5224:
5221:
5219:
5216:
5214:
5211:
5209:
5206:
5204:
5201:
5199:
5198:Sulfacetamide
5196:
5194:
5191:
5190:
5188:
5184:
5178:
5175:
5173:
5170:
5168:
5167:Sulfamerazine
5165:
5163:
5160:
5158:
5155:
5153:
5150:
5148:
5145:
5143:
5140:
5138:
5135:
5133:
5130:
5129:
5127:
5125:
5121:
5115:
5112:
5110:
5107:
5105:
5102:
5101:
5099:
5097:
5093:
5087:
5086:Sulfathiourea
5084:
5081:
5077:
5073:
5072:Sulfathiazole
5070:
5066:
5063:
5062:
5061:
5060:Sulfanilamide
5058:
5055:
5051:
5050:Sulfafurazole
5048:
5045:
5044:Sulfasalazine
5041:
5040:Sulfapyridine
5038:
5036:
5035:Sulfadimidine
5033:
5031:
5028:
5026:
5023:
5022:
5020:
5018:
5014:
5011:
5008:
5003:
4999:
4991:
4988:
4986:
4983:
4981:
4980:Pyrimethamine
4978:
4976:
4973:
4971:
4968:
4966:
4963:
4962:
4961:
4958:
4957:
4955:
4953:
4949:
4946:
4937:
4931:
4927:
4922:
4918:
4914:
4910:
4903:
4898:
4896:
4891:
4889:
4884:
4883:
4880:
4864:
4862:
4859:
4858:
4856:
4853:
4850:
4847:
4845:
4842:
4841:
4837:
4831:
4828:
4826:
4823:
4821:
4818:
4816:
4813:
4811:
4808:
4807:
4805:
4801:
4794:
4793:
4788:
4787:
4782:
4781:
4777:
4775:
4772:
4769:
4765:
4764:
4760:
4757:
4753:
4749:
4748:
4744:
4741:
4737:
4736:
4732:
4731:
4729:
4727:Other/unknown
4725:
4715:
4711:
4710:
4707:
4704:
4702:
4701:Prothionamide
4699:
4697:
4693:
4690:
4689:
4686:
4683:
4681:
4677:
4673:
4670:
4669:
4667:
4664:
4660:
4654:
4651:
4650:
4647:
4643:
4639:
4636:
4635:
4633:
4630:
4626:
4620:
4616:
4613:
4612:
4610:
4607:
4606:Peptidoglycan
4603:
4600:
4598:
4594:
4584:
4581:
4580:
4578:
4576:
4572:
4566:
4563:
4561:
4558:
4557:
4555:
4553:
4549:
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4301:Health Canada
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4187:
4186:public domain
4168:
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4147:
4146:public domain
4128:
4126:
4120:
4114:
4112:
4110:
4108:
4099:
4095:
4090:
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4081:
4077:
4074:(7215): 972.
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4017:
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3444:on 2012-12-26
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2163:9789241515528
2159:
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2023:
2019:
2015:
2011:
2004:
2002:
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1991:
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1982:
1977:
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1924:
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1855:Health Canada
1851:
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1833:
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1580:
1571:
1557:
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1551:
1547:
1543:
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1531:
1527:
1526:rosiglitazone
1523:
1519:
1515:
1510:
1508:
1504:
1500:
1495:
1492:
1488:
1484:
1480:
1476:
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1262:
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1242:
1240:
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1233:
1228:
1226:
1225:
1220:
1216:
1211:
1209:
1208:
1204:species, and
1203:
1202:
1201:Acinetobacter
1197:
1192:
1190:
1189:
1184:
1183:
1178:
1177:
1172:
1171:
1165:
1163:
1159:
1158:
1153:
1152:
1147:
1146:meningococcal
1143:
1138:
1136:
1132:
1122:
1120:
1116:
1112:
1111:
1105:
1103:
1099:
1094:
1092:
1091:
1086:
1082:
1081:mycobacterial
1077:
1074:
1072:
1067:
1063:
1058:
1056:
1055:
1050:
1046:
1042:
1038:
1034:
1020:
1011:
1009:
1008:
1003:
999:
994:
993:by bacteria.
992:
988:
982:
980:
976:
972:
970:
965:
961:
957:
955:
950:
946:
942:
939:
935:
931:
921:
914:
908:
899:
894:
893:
890:
883:
874:
873:
870:
863:
859:
857:
856:Boiling point
853:
849:
847:
846:Melting point
843:
836:
832:
831:
829:
826:
821:
814:
812:
808:
781:
779:
775:
770:
766:
762:
759:
757:
755:ECHA InfoCard
751:
743:
739:
738:DTXSID6021244
735:
734:
732:
723:
719:
711:
710:RCSB PDB
705:
700:
699:
697:
695:
691:
684:
680:
679:
677:
675:
671:
664:
660:
659:
657:
655:
651:
644:
640:
639:
637:
635:
631:
624:
620:
619:
617:
615:
611:
604:
600:
599:
597:
595:
591:
584:
580:
579:
577:
575:
571:
564:
560:
559:
557:
555:
551:
544:
540:
539:
537:
535:
531:
524:
520:
519:
517:
510:
506:
499:
495:
494:
492:
490:
486:
478:
474:
470:
466:
462:
458:
454:
450:
446:
442:
438:
434:
430:
425:
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421:
414:
409:
405:
403:
399:
395:
393:
386:
382:
379:
377:
373:
369:
367:
363:
359:
357:
353:
349:
345:
339:
329:
326:
316:
314:
305:
302:
292:
291:
289:
287:
283:
278:
270:
265:
260:
255:
252:
251:
249:
247:
243:
240:
236:
233:
231:
225:
219:
210:
209:
207:
205:
199:
192:
187:
178:
177:
175:
173:
169:
165:
161:
159:
155:
151:
147:
145:
141:
137:
128:
124:
120:
116:
114:
110:
104:
63:
61:Pronunciation
59:
56:Clinical data
54:
50:
45:
41:
36:
19:
7518:Orphan drugs
7513:Nephrotoxins
7427:
7407:Ketoconazole
7404:Antagonists:
7403:
7377:Troglitazone
7352:Tetracycline
7307:Spiroxatrine
7266:
7252:Quingestrone
7247:Progesterone
7232:Pregnenolone
7227:Pregnanolone
7217:Pregnanediol
7212:Prednisolone
7137:Mifepristone
7064:
7039:Griseofulvin
7019:Fenbendazole
7004:Famprofazone
6999:Erythromycin
6994:Epothilone B
6979:Eburnamonine
6874:Clotrimazole
6864:Clofenvinfos
6799:Antimycotics
6730:
6693:Okadaic acid
6645:Antagonists:
6644:
6633:Troglitazone
6568:Mifepristone
6563:Methoxychlor
6558:Griseofulvin
6553:Ellagic acid
6533:Cypermethrin
6523:Clotrimazole
6474:
6354:Filociclovir
6266:
6229:
6183:
6177:
6125:Tromantadine
6112:
6045:
6019:
6002:Trifluridine
5990:
5965:
5940:Valaciclovir
5929:
5770:Lipiarmycins
5739:
5617:Sarafloxacin
5607:Orbifloxacin
5592:Enrofloxacin
5582:Danofloxacin
5555:Sitafloxacin
5535:Moxifloxacin
5530:Gemifloxacin
5525:Finafloxacin
5520:Gatifloxacin
5515:Delafloxacin
5510:Besifloxacin
5492:Tosufloxacin
5487:Temafloxacin
5482:Sparfloxacin
5477:Pazufloxacin
5467:Balofloxacin
5462:Levofloxacin
5421:Nadifloxacin
5416:Lomefloxacin
5236:Combinations
5218:Sulfametrole
5203:Sulfaclozine
5109:Sulfadiazine
5017:Short-acting
5002:Sulfonamides
4990:Trimethoprim
4803:Combinations
4790:
4784:
4778:
4761:
4752:Pyrazinamide
4745:
4733:
4685:Methaniazide
4676:mycolic acid
4663:Mycolic acid
4542:Streptomycin
4501:Moxifloxacin
4496:Gatifloxacin
4460:
4382:
4341:, including
4300:
4278:
4275:"Rifampicin"
4269:
4250:
4238:. Retrieved
4229:
4226:"Rifampicin"
4220:
4203:
4199:
4193:
4171:. Retrieved
4162:
4153:
4131:. Retrieved
4122:
4071:
4067:
4057:
4044:
4035:
4026:
4021:Hardman JG,
4016:
3994:(1): 12–18.
3991:
3987:
3981:
3972:
3939:
3935:
3928:
3916:. Retrieved
3900:
3894:
3849:
3845:
3835:
3820:Molecular TB
3819:
3806:
3761:
3757:
3747:
3702:
3698:
3644:
3640:
3634:
3599:
3595:
3585:
3550:
3546:
3536:
3504:(2): 69–86.
3501:
3497:
3487:
3478:
3472:
3463:
3457:
3446:. Retrieved
3442:the original
3432:
3421:. Retrieved
3407:
3398:
3392:
3357:
3353:
3326:. Retrieved
3317:
3308:
3284:(1): 25–26.
3281:
3277:
3267:
3240:
3234:
3201:
3197:
3191:
3156:
3152:
3142:
3128:
3091:
3087:
3077:
3050:
3046:
3036:
3001:
2997:
2987:
2974:
2965:
2930:
2926:
2913:
2878:
2874:
2864:
2829:
2825:
2815:
2803:. Retrieved
2795:"Rifampicin"
2789:
2754:
2750:
2740:
2713:
2709:
2699:
2664:
2660:
2650:
2623:
2619:
2609:
2592:
2588:
2582:
2555:
2551:
2541:
2506:
2502:
2492:
2471:
2463:
2451:. Retrieved
2442:
2433:
2416:
2412:
2402:
2367:
2363:
2315:
2311:
2301:
2274:
2270:
2244:
2238:
2213:
2205:
2178:
2172:
2153:10665/312266
2143:
2134:
2125:10665/325771
2115:
2106:
2086:
2052:
2046:
2013:
2009:
1963:
1959:
1949:
1937:. Retrieved
1890:. Retrieved
1881:
1872:
1860:. Retrieved
1853:
1844:
1831:
1828:
1825:
1810:
1801:
1794:
1786:
1773:
1768:
1762:
1756:
1743:
1731:
1723:
1700:
1693:
1680:
1667:
1661:
1656:
1640:
1636:
1632:
1630:
1625:
1620:
1613:
1611:
1598:progesterone
1591:
1583:
1576:
1560:Pharmacology
1554:
1546:voriconazole
1530:pioglitazone
1522:atorvastatin
1511:
1496:
1449:
1446:Interactions
1440:rifamycin SV
1437:
1426:
1407:
1371:Abdominal —
1353:
1349:
1338:
1322:
1294:
1283:
1277:
1271:
1265:
1260:
1248:
1236:
1229:
1222:
1212:
1205:
1199:
1193:
1186:
1180:
1174:
1168:
1166:
1155:
1149:
1141:
1139:
1130:
1128:
1115:Buruli ulcer
1108:
1106:
1095:
1088:
1078:
1075:
1059:
1052:
1037:pyrazinamide
1033:tuberculosis
1030:
1027:Mycobacteria
1014:Medical uses
1005:
995:
983:
968:
953:
949:tuberculosis
947:, including
933:
929:
928:
917:
911:
674:NIAID ChemDB
663:ChEMBL374478
476:
472:
468:
464:
460:
456:
452:
448:
444:
440:
436:
432:
428:
389:Elimination
286:Legal status
280:Legal status
172:License data
7392:Zafirlukast
7362:Thiothixene
7342:Terconazole
7292:Simvastatin
7167:Nisoldipine
7162:Nilvadipine
7147:Nicardipine
7117:Metacycline
6944:Dimercaprol
6899:Demecolcine
6859:Clindamycin
6854:Ciglitazone
6804:Artemisinin
6784:Ambrisentan
6688:Nigramide J
6623:Telmisartan
6583:Nicardipine
6493:Benfuracarb
6488:Artemisinin
6393:from market
6363:Taribavirin
6255:Telbivudine
6221:Hepatitis B
6207:Tecovirimat
6202:Methisazone
5997:Idoxuridine
5958:Famciclovir
5954:Penciclovir
5945:Ganciclovir
5894:Herpesvirus
5885:Baltimore I
5866:(primarily
5803:from market
5778:Fidaxomicin
5750:Rifapentine
5703:Secnidazole
5696:derivatives
5637:Nemonoxacin
5597:Ibafloxacin
5545:Garenoxacin
5434:Norfloxacin
5284:Solasulfone
5223:Sulfanitran
5177:Sulfamazone
5137:Sulfadoxine
5124:Long-acting
5114:Sulfamoxole
4985:Tetroxoprim
4965:Brodimoprim
4942:DNA and RNA
4930:Antifolates
4851:from market
4774:Bedaquiline
4740:Clofazimine
4706:Thiocarlide
4696:Ethionamide
4644:inhibitor:
4619:Cycloserine
4583:Capreomycin
4552:Oxazolidone
4440:Solasulfone
4408:Antifolates
4393:Rifapentine
4240:14 November
4045:corriere.it
3764:(1): 2260.
3328:13 November
2453:13 November
2187:10665/44165
1892:14 November
1542:caspofungin
1422:chromophore
1325:clindamycin
1239:spirochetes
1207:Pseudomonas
1162:doxycycline
1102:clofazimine
818: g·mol
761:100.032.997
643:CHEBI:28077
411:Identifiers
158:MedlinePlus
122:Other names
113:Trade names
7467:Categories
7372:Tianeptine
7337:Tenylidone
7332:Tacrolimus
7277:Rimexolone
7267:Rifampicin
7207:Plicamycin
7192:Paclitaxel
7177:Omeprazole
7157:Nifedipine
7132:Mevastatin
7127:Metyrapone
7107:Lovastatin
7102:Loratadine
7059:Hyperforin
7049:Haloprogin
7014:Felodipine
6989:Enzacamene
6969:Dronabinol
6934:Diclazuril
6913:prasterone
6869:Chloroxine
6844:Cephradine
6814:Bile acids
6628:Tolnaftate
6593:Permethrin
6578:Nevirapine
6573:Nefazodone
6542:prasterone
6503:Carvedilol
6483:Amiodarone
6454:modulators
6368:Moroxydine
6325:Interferon
6245:Lamivudine
6194:Poxviridae
6184:Rifampicin
6155:Resiquimod
6119:Fomivirsen
6103:Letermovir
6093:Amenamevir
6052:Cytarabine
6037:Sorivudine
6006:+tipiracil
5972:Vidarabine
5864:antivirals
5740:Rifampicin
5727:Rifamycins
5685:inhibitors
5666:Novobiocin
5642:Ozenoxacin
5587:Difloxacin
5574:Veterinary
5444:Rufloxacin
5439:Pefloxacin
5411:Fleroxacin
5344:Flumequine
5314:DNA gyrase
5303:Quinolones
5162:Sulfaperin
4975:Ormetoprim
4944:synthesis)
4792:Pretomanid
4768:Terizidone
4756:Morinamide
4672:Hydrazides
4646:Ethambutol
4617:analogue:
4488:quinolones
4425:Acedapsone
4383:Rifampicin
4369:Rifamycins
4173:28 January
4023:Limbrid LE
3448:2021-07-22
3423:2011-11-07
2975:toku-e.com
2805:August 22,
1929:"Rifampin"
1836:References
1789:See also:
1769:rifamycins
1711:hydrolyzed
1655:region of
1653:N-terminal
1518:everolimus
1414:ansamycins
1410:polyketide
1386:arthralgia
1299:caused by
1232:resistance
1221:caused by
1049:Resistance
1045:ethambutol
941:antibiotic
930:Rifampicin
823:3D model (
811:Molar mass
694:PDB ligand
603:VJT6J7R4TR
574:ChemSpider
534:IUPHAR/BPS
498:13292-46-1
489:CAS Number
420:IUPAC name
376:Metabolism
125:Rifampin (
32:Rifampicin
7297:Sirolimus
7287:Ritonavir
7282:Riodipine
7272:Rifaximin
7257:Reserpine
7242:Proadifen
7187:Oxatomide
7142:Nafcillin
7112:Meclizine
6974:Droxidopa
6954:Docetaxel
6879:Colforsin
6829:Bumecaine
6819:Bithionol
6731:Agonists:
6708:T-0901317
6683:Meclizine
6613:Reserpine
6603:Phenytoin
6588:Octicizer
6548:Efavirenz
6475:Agonists:
6403:Phase III
6391:Withdrawn
6359:Ribavirin
6310:Cidofovir
6260:Clevudine
6250:Lobucavir
6240:Entecavir
6151:Imiquimod
6108:Maribavir
6098:Docosanol
6073:Foscarnet
6027:Brivudine
6012:Edoxudine
5936:Aciclovir
5914:activated
5904:inhibitor
5861:DNA virus
5813:Phase III
5801:Withdrawn
5760:Rifalazil
5755:Rifaximin
5745:Rifabutin
5719:synthesis
5680:Anaerobic
5651:Related (
5401:Ofloxacin
5369:Rosoxacin
5339:Cinoxacin
5289:Sulfoxone
5142:Sulfalene
5065:Prontosil
4861:Phase III
4849:Withdrawn
4786:Delamanid
4763:Isoxazole
4735:Phenazine
4680:Isoniazid
4565:Sutezolid
4560:Linezolid
4537:Kanamycin
4445:Sulfoxone
4398:Rifalazil
4388:Rifabutin
4376:inhibitor
4133:28 August
3964:231987831
3259:228373703
1726:half-life
1719:esterases
1550:lorazepam
1534:celecoxib
1501:or other
1394:dysphoria
1360:hepatitis
1313:hemolysis
1297:itchiness
1173:species,
1041:isoniazid
987:rifamycin
938:ansamycin
402:Excretion
396:3–4 hours
391:half-life
228:Routes of
202:Pregnancy
150:Monograph
144:Drugs.com
7457:Medicine
7424:See also
7312:SR-12813
7202:Piperine
7182:Orlistat
7152:Nicotine
7024:Fentanyl
7009:Febantel
6984:Ecopipam
6949:Dinaline
6834:Cafestol
6824:Bosentan
6698:PK-11195
6277:Adefovir
6179:assembly
6170:Vaccinia
6047:cytosine
5406:Enoxacin
5193:Mafenide
4970:Iclaprim
4747:Pyrazine
4532:Amikacin
4430:Diucifon
4234:Archived
4098:10514162
4049:Archived
3956:33616229
3918:21 March
3909:Archived
3886:18349144
3824:Archived
3798:33859207
3739:18787125
3626:30012752
3577:13764717
3528:24453988
3520:18384456
3417:Archived
3376:11290327
3322:Archived
3300:74136252
3218:29183082
3183:26566395
3120:29163414
3094:: 2124.
3069:28238692
2979:Archived
2919:Sodeik B
2905:17055024
2875:Virology
2799:Archived
2781:19681699
2732:17029130
2691:29249276
2642:24623637
2601:22655482
2574:18443255
2533:39768846
2525:26332541
2447:Archived
2425:12904741
2394:23828580
2293:25118103
2142:(2019).
2114:(2019).
2068:Archived
1990:32053584
1933:Archived
1886:Archived
1862:17 April
1491:warfarin
1429:hydroxyl
1377:diarrhea
1251:vaccinia
1170:Listeria
979:by mouth
936:, is an
934:rifampin
920:(verify)
583:10468813
554:DrugBank
264:QJ54AB02
246:ATC code
235:By mouth
204:category
191:Rifampin
186:DailyMed
18:Rifampin
7412:Sesamin
7397:Zeranol
7327:Suramin
7097:LOE-908
6789:AMI-193
6703:S-07662
6618:TCPOBOP
6513:Chrysin
6021:thymine
5992:uridine
5967:adenine
5931:guanine
5870:, also
5312:and/or
5279:Dapsone
4615:Alanine
4420:Dapsone
4212:5974175
4089:1116803
4008:9925057
3877:2290778
3854:Bibcode
3789:8050233
3766:Bibcode
3730:2567451
3707:Bibcode
3677:4144738
3669:4957347
3649:Bibcode
3617:6125555
3569:9570407
3384:8229399
3226:5017318
3174:4638062
3111:5673829
3028:9756794
2957:8289340
2896:1817899
2856:7309842
2772:2739015
2682:5820409
2385:6532682
2342:4991927
2220:925–929
2038:6635432
2030:4453138
1981:7041302
1753:History
1649:leucine
1637:E. coli
1621:E. coli
1602:CYP21A2
1475:CYP2C19
1456:hepatic
1454:of the
1452:inducer
1390:malaise
1253:virus.
1245:Viruses
1098:dapsone
1085:leprosy
960:leprosy
956:complex
816:822.953
778:Formula
563:DB01045
523:5381226
509:PubChem
311::
266: (
262:)
256: (
254:J04AB02
217: C
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164:a682403
7443:Portal
6919:DHEA-S
6759:AA-861
6386:WHO-EM
6272:NtRTIs
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6032:FV-100
5796:WHO-EM
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1939:Aug 1,
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1645:serine
1548:, and
1487:CYP3A7
1485:, and
1483:CYP3A5
1479:CYP3A4
1471:CYP2C9
1467:CYP2C8
1463:CYP2B6
1388:, and
1373:nausea
1185:, and
1043:, and
971:type b
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951:(TB),
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6223:(VII)
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5876:D06BB
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4665:layer
4653:SQ109
4631:layer
4608:layer
4167:(FDA)
4163:U.S.
4127:(FDA)
4123:U.S.
3988:Chest
3960:S2CID
3912:(PDF)
3905:(PDF)
3827:(PDF)
3816:(PDF)
3673:S2CID
3573:S2CID
3524:S2CID
3380:S2CID
3318:WebMD
3296:S2CID
3222:S2CID
2529:S2CID
2443:WebMD
2026:JSTOR
1807:Names
1759:Milan
1707:ester
889:InChI
825:JSmol
701:RFP (
634:ChEBI
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7090:and
6909:DHEA
6673:AITC
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5874:and
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4917:J01E
4345:and
4242:2014
4208:PMID
4175:2021
4135:2020
4094:PMID
4004:PMID
3952:PMID
3920:2016
3882:PMID
3794:PMID
3735:PMID
3665:PMID
3622:PMID
3565:PMID
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