45:
1572:
1256:, core labor standards are "widely recognized to be of particular importance". They are universally applicable, regardless of whether the relevant conventions have been ratified, the level of development of a country or cultural values. These standards are composed of qualitative, not quantitative, standards and do not establish a particular level of working conditions, wages or health and safety standards. They are not intended to undermine the
708:
126:
1322:
reduction. This marked the beginning of the movement. Approaching the 19th century, labor unions were formed to improve the working conditions for all of workers. They fought for better wages, reasonable hours, and safer working conditions. The labor movement led efforts to stop child labor, give health benefits, and provide aid to workers who were injured or retired. The following are explained more in the following sections.
1491:
1868:
1647:
practice, employers confiscate migrant workers' passports. Without their passports, workers cannot switch jobs or return home. These workers have little recourse for labor abuses, but conditions have been improving. Labor and social welfare minister Ali bin
Abdullah al-Kaabi has undertaken a number of reforms to help improve labor practices in his country.
1651:
to gender and wage discrimination, racialization, trafficking, and forced labor. As per the research conducted by the DCT, these issues remain unreported due to the threat and intimidation from their employers in the form of job loss or fabricated criminal charges. The discrimination and abuse have reportedly continued despite the easing of the
1537:, will only increase labor rights violations. In India and Pakistan, children work long hours in various industries because of the debt their parents incurred. Poor families sometimes rely on their kids' income to pay bills. In Egypt, about 1.5 million kids under 14 years old are working even though there are child-protective labor laws.
1555:(FLSA) restricts the employment of children. The FLSA defines the minimum age for employment to 14 years for non-agricultural jobs with restrictions on hours, restricts the hours for youth under the age of 16, and prohibits the employment of children under the age of 18 in occupations deemed hazardous by the Secretary of Labor.
1757:(AFL), which was founded in 1881. Entering the 20th century African Americans moved from the South into the North only to find that there was discrimination in economic opportunities. Racial stereotypes were used to divide the working class and create segregation. This eventually led to the creation of black codes and
1729:, without regard to whether or not someone is documented. Undocumented workers also still have legal protection against discrimination based on national origin. The decision of the Hoffman supreme court case has primarily affected undocumented laborers by preventing them from getting backpay and/or reinstatement.
1737:
independent contractors, governmental, or related to their employers. The right to speak up against labor abuses was protected further by an immigration reform bill in 2013 with the POWER act, which intended to protect employees who spoke out against labor practices from facing detention or deportation.
1461:
can impact labor rights in different countries. Some international agencies and global corporations see strong enforcement will limit a country's economic growth. As companies outsource their work to workers from lower-wage countries, governments will relax their regulations to attract businesses. As
1453:
In March 2004, the World
Commission on the Social Dimension of Globalization issued a report called "A Fair Globalization: Creating Opportunities for All". The report acknowledges how potential globalization can affect labor rights. Reforming globalization will require cooperation not only within the
1662:
at the Expo 2020 reportedly signed an agreement with the
Emirati Transguard Group for laundry, cleaning, and security services. Rights groups claim that during the signing of a framework agreement between the two firms, evidence assuring human rights due diligence was overlooked. It is said that the
1650:
The United Arab
Emirates was condemned in a report issued in April 2021 by the Democracy Centre for Transparency calling out the nation for its abuse and discrimination of foreigners and expatriates against Emirati citizens. According to DCT, foreigners and expatriates in the UAE are often subjected
1732:
While no undocumented individual is technically able to work in the United States legally, undocumented workers make up 5% of the workforce. In the U.S., people who were born outside of the country tend to work in riskier jobs and have a higher chance of encountering death on the job. The low-wage
1646:
lists several problems including "nonpayment of wages, extended working hours without overtime compensation, unsafe working environments resulting in death and injury, squalid living conditions in labor camps, and withholding of passports and travel documents by employers. Despite laws against the
1625:
The
Employment Protection Consolidation Act (EPCA) has established four fundamental regulations for women's employment rights. Firstly, there is the provision of Statutory Maternity Pay, which ensures that a minimum payment is made during the leave period. Secondly, there is the right to maternity
1740:
However, labor unions are not necessarily welcoming of immigrant workers. Within unions, there have been internal struggles, such as when Los
Angeles immigrant janitors reorganized service workers. Being a part of the union does not necessarily address all the needs of immigrant workers, and thus
1321:
Aside from the right to organize, labor movements have campaigned on various other issues that may be said to relate to labor rights. The labor movement began to improve the working conditions of the workers. Dating back to 1768 the first strike of the New York journeyman tailors protested a wage
1752:
Labor unions formed throughout the industries. Labor unions in the crafts discovered difficulty in forming labor unions at different skill levels. These skill groups often got divided into racial and sexist ways. In 1895, the white-only
International Association of Machinists affiliated with the
1506:
It is hard for children to fight for their basic rights, especially in the workplace. They are often under-treated. Employers take advantage of child labor because they lack the ability to bargain collectively and compromise to work at an unpleasant workplace. Almost 95% of child labor occurs in
1844:
8.8.2, which measures the "Level of national compliance with labor rights (freedom of association and collective bargaining) based on
International Labour Organization (ILO) textual sources and national legislation, by sex and migrant status. In the past, Penn State's Center for Global Workers’
1761:
to limit the ability of
African Americans to create a living for themselves. The Jim Crow laws passed in the 1800s were laws that forbade African Americans from living in white neighborhoods, along with segregation in public places. these were enforced for public pools, phone booths, hospitals,
1494:
11Rose Biodo, 1216 Annan St., Philadelphia. 10 years old. Working 3 summers. Minds baby and carries berries, two pecks at a time. Whites Bog, Brown Mills, N.J. This is the fourth week of school and the people here expect to remain two weeks more. Witness E. F. Brown. Location: Browns Mills, New
1444:
on labor rights are often argued. Payton and Woo's study shows that even though "workers may not see drastic increases in minimum wages but they will benefit marginally from better enforcement of existing minimum wage laws or other protections granted in law, gradually improving overall working
3403:
Suggested citation: Coppedge, Michael, John
Gerring, Carl Henrik Knutsen, Staffan I. Lindberg, Jan Teorell, David Altman, Michael Bernhard, Agnes Cornell, M. Steven Fish, Lisa Gastaldi, Haakon Gjerløw, Adam Glynn, Sandra Grahn, Allen Hicken, Katrin Kinzelbach, Kyle L. Marquardt, Kelly McMann,
1736:
Undocumented people can and have joined labor unions, and are even credited by a 2008 dissertation for "reinvigorating" the labor movement. Because the NLRA protects undocumented workers, it protects their right to organize. However, the NLRA excludes workers that are agricultural, domestic,
3404:
Valeriya Mechkova, Pamela Paxton, Daniel Pemstein, Johannes von Römer, Brigitte Seim, Rachel Sigman, Svend-Erik Skaaning, Jeffrey Staton, Eitan Tzelgov, Luca Uberti, Yi-ting Wang, Tore Wig, and Daniel Ziblatt. 2022. "V-Dem Codebook v12" Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem) Project.
1473:
However, some argued that globalization can improve labor rights enforcement by responding to other country's demands. Governments will act in their national interests, so when an important trading country urges for strong labor rights enforcement, they will act accordingly.
1313:. There are many other issues outside of this core, in the UK employee rights include the right to employment particulars, an itemized pay statement, a disciplinary process at which they have the right to be accompanied, daily breaks, rest breaks, paid holidays, and more.
1503:. They see child labor as exploitative, and often economically damaging. Child labor opponents often argue that working children are deprived of an education. In 1948 and then again in 1989, the United Nations declared that children have a right to social protection.
1839:
The ITUC produces the Global Rights Index on an annual basis which rates "countries depending on their compliance with collective labor rights and document violations by governments and employers of internationally recognized rights." The ILO produces the data for
1702:
Many migrant workers are not getting basic labor rights mainly because they do not speak the local language, regardless of legal status. Some have noticed that they are not getting the correct amount of money on their paycheck while others are underpaid.
1780:
present distinct issues in labor rights. They may individually or as a demographic have occupational preferences or requests for accommodation which differ from neurotypical workers. While some neurodivergent people may need workplace support in a
1733:
sectors, which many undocumented people work in, have the highest rates of wage and hour violation. Estimates claim that 31% of undocumented people work in service jobs. Restaurant work in particular has a 12% rate of undocumented workers.
1530:, where children were reported to be participating in all forms of mining at the expense of their education. There is a growing concern that the rising demand for resources that involve child labor for industries such as the production of
1626:
leave, which guarantees that women can take time off work and return to their job afterward. Additionally, women have the right to be reinstated to their original position. Finally, the EPCA has reinforced unfair dismissal rights.
1239:
supported workers' interests as well. More recent workers' rights advocacy has focused on the particular role, exploitation, and needs of women workers, and of increasingly mobile global flows of casual, service, or guest workers.
2664:
826:
3038:
1470:, labor rights are able to be protected across the globe. However, some countries sign it even though they are not planning to follow the rules. Therefore, there might be room for labor rights practices to suffer.
2689:
1416:
have released studies on products that have been identified as using child labor and industries using or funded by human trafficking. Labor rights are defined internationally by sources such as the Norwegian
3484:
Sari, D., & Kucera, D. (2011). Measuring progress towards the application of freedom of association and collective bargaining rights: A tabular presentation of the findings of the ILO supervisory system.
1666:
In neighboring countries such as Qatar, there is a similar problem. Qatar has received a lot of criticism over the way it treats its workers, including those that have worked on FIFA World Cup projects.
3135:
Labor Law - Undocumented Immigrants - Second Circuit Holds Undocumented Workers Are Categorically Barred from Backpay under the National Labor Relations Act - Palma v. NLRB 723 F.3d 176 (2d Cir. 2013)
1437:
laws, and there are continuing negotiations about increases to the minimum wage. However, opponents see minimum wage laws as limiting employment opportunities for unskilled and entry-level workers.
3485:
2327:
1816:
There are several indices that measure labor rights produced by various organizations. Some focus on collective bargaining and freedom of association including in datasets produced by the
1338:
was established in France in 2000, although this standard has been considerably weakened since then. Workers may agree with employers to work for longer, but the extra hours are payable
1268:(CROC), the most widely ratified human rights treaty with 193 parties, and the ICCPR with 160 parties. They have been incorporated into different provisions that are related to labor in
1852:
produces a wide range of data on civil rights and democracy. This includes data on the prevalence of forced labor and data on civil society organizations, including trade unions.
1219:
stands out as one of the earliest and most prominent advocates for workers' rights. His philosophy and economic theory focused on labor issues and advocates his economic system of
1856:'s World Policy Analysis Center maintains a database on a range of global legal standards including women's rights, disability rights, child labor, and employment discrimination.
1726:
2595:
Gantz, David A.; Reetz, C. Ryan; Aguilar-Alvarez, Guillermo; Paulsson, Jan (2011). "Labor Rights and Environmental Protection under NAFTA and Other U.S. Free Trade Agreements ".
2110:
3012:
2638:
1204:
which stated that children under the age of 9 could not work, children aged 9–13 could only work 8 hours a day, and children aged 14–18 could only work for 12 hours a day.
1301:
Very few ILO member countries have ratified all of these conventions due to domestic constraints yet as these rights are also recognized in the UDHR, and form a part of
2904:
1744:
Immigrant workers often mobilize beyond unions, by campaigning in their communities on intersectional issues of immigration, discrimination, and police misconduct.
1207:
Labor rights are a relatively new addition to the modern corpus of human rights. The modern concept of labor rights dates to the 19th century after the creation of
1253:
1655:
in the Emirate. The DCT concluded its report urging the UAE to address the issues and put an end to the racial hierarchy and discrimination against non-citizens.
3056:
2064:
2054:
Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development 1996 'Trade, Employment and Labour Standards: A Study of Core Workers' Rights and International Trade'
3657:
3175:
2452:
900:
2958:
1663:
firm withheld the passports and wages of the workers earning relatively lesser than the minimum wage and terminated them from the service without notice.
1287:
The prohibition of all forms of forced labor: includes security from prison labor and slavery and prevents workers from being forced to work under duress.
3809:
1466:'s study shows that collective labor rights have declined since the recent global expansion started. By having multiple countries sign agreements and
1310:
2335:
1582:
1924:
3637:
2740:
See Tucker, supra note 7, at 573; Weissman, supra note 7, at 11 ; Human Rights Watch, supra note 15, at 2; Cox, supra note 16, at 115.
1897:
1418:
1305:
they are committed to respecting these rights. For a discussion on the incorporation of these core labor rights into the mechanisms of the
3360:
1290:
Elimination of the worst forms of child labor: implementing a minimum working age and certain working condition requirements for children.
2418:
2094:
2115:
1718:
1334:. Worker advocacy groups have also sought to limit work hours, making a working week of 40 hours or less standard in many countries. A
2241:
4156:
2750:
Arat, Zehra F. (2002). "Analyzing Child Labor as a Human Rights Issue: Its Causes, Aggravating Policies, and Alternative Proposals".
390:
1189:
span, who was then the gentleman?" Laborers often appealed to traditional rights. For instance, English peasants fought against the
3828:
What is considered a human right is in some cases controversial; not all the topics listed are universally accepted as human rights
3772:
3334:
1797:
1635:
3498:
1845:
Rights has produced a set of labor rights indicators which use a similar methodology to the ILO, but have wider country coverage.
1141:. In general, these rights influence working conditions in the relations of employment. One of the most prominent is the right to
915:
4061:
3342:
2877:
1817:
1713:
398:
3862:
3802:
2298:
1993:
1261:
359:
3159:
The Intersection of Legal Status and Stratification: The Paradox of Immigration Law and Labor Protections in the United States
1330:
Many labor movement campaigns have to do with limiting hours in the workplace. 19th century labor movements campaigned for an
3555:
2984:
2149:
1836:'s World Policy Analysis Center focus on other components such as employment discrimination, child labor, and forced labor.
1546:
1265:
2912:
30:
This article is about the legal and human rights associated with labor relations. For the Australian political faction, see
4030:
3518:
2926:
1887:
760:
1260:
that developing countries may hold. Core labor standards are important human rights and are recognized in widely ratified
4189:
4141:
3912:
1801:
1454:
country but also at the global level. It suggests political authorities to "renew their attention to global solidarity".
1071:
856:
385:
160:
3255:
3200:
3039:"Germany's Dubai Expo Pavilion engages security and cleaning company linked to serious migrant worker abuse allegations"
1281:
Freedom of association: workers are able to join trade unions that are independent of government and employer influence.
1408:, and elimination of illegal child labor from the sustainably sourced products and services. Organizations such as the
2878:"Essential Background: Overview of human rights issues in United Arab Emirates (UAE) (Human Rights Watch, 31-12-2005)"
2447:
1511:. An example of an industry in which instances of child labor lead to severe injury or death that have been noted are
3795:
3777:
3081:
Gleeson, Shannon (2010). "Labor Rights for All? The Role of Undocumented Immigrant Status for Worker Claims Making".
1902:
1821:
1612:
1422:
1413:
1409:
1249:
765:
269:
88:
66:
59:
1907:
1722:
1552:
1377:
1097:
531:
403:
254:
2836:
2072:
1284:
The right to collective bargaining: workers may negotiate with employers collectively, as opposed to individually.
2355:
1771:
732:
722:
683:
606:
17:
3179:
1711:
The National Labor Relations Act recognizes undocumented laborers as employees. However, the supreme court case
4194:
4091:
3847:
3013:"The German pavilion at the Dubai Expo is working with a company from the United Arab Emirates accused of this"
1939:
1362:
Labor rights advocates have worked to improve workplace conditions that meet established standards. During the
1154:
304:
299:
3692:
2068:
1841:
1165:
Throughout history, workers claiming some sort of right have attempted to pursue their interests. During the
591:
3422:
4131:
3747:
2690:"The Human Rights Implications of Business Activities: The Case of Copper Mining in the Zambian Copperbelt"
2523:
1519:
737:
566:
3957:
3867:
3722:
3717:
3662:
2205:
Greenfield, Gerald (June 2001). "Core Labor Standards in the WTO: Reducing labor to a global commodity".
1918:
1782:
1634:
Legal migrant workers are sometimes abused. For instance, migrants have faced a number of alleged abuses
1388:
hazards and campaign for better labor practices and recognition of workers' rights throughout the world.
1380:. Labor advocates and other groups often criticize production facilities with poor working conditions as
1351:
1302:
1197:
883:
878:
727:
1227:
for the rights of the workers were associated with groups influenced by Marx such as the socialists and
3834:
3707:
3597:
2716:
2443:
1786:
811:
755:
640:
576:
4179:
4121:
3682:
3587:
3548:
2933:
2558:
Blanton, Robert; Blanton, Shannon Lindsey (March 2016). "Globalization and Collective Labor Rights".
1696:
1441:
1046:
596:
324:
264:
1717:
established that backpay could not be awarded to unlawfully fired undocumented employees due to the
4136:
4101:
4046:
3932:
3732:
3712:
3697:
3667:
3652:
3627:
1558:
In 2007, Massachusetts updated its child labor laws that required all minors to have work permits.
1306:
1294:
1138:
571:
546:
274:
175:
53:
1462:
a result, poor countries implement a lower labor rights standard to compete with other countries.
3842:
3762:
3672:
3622:
3612:
3607:
3602:
3592:
3577:
3572:
586:
115:
2663:
Spohr, Maximilian; Wolfrum, Rudiger; Borssen, Ana; Danz, Johannes; Renner, Sven (January 2016).
2092:
Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, Ratification and Reservations:
3872:
3857:
3767:
3752:
3632:
3582:
2752:
1873:
1741:
winning power within the union is the first step for immigrant workers to address their needs.
1142:
966:
551:
521:
513:
284:
70:
2419:"World Commission on the Social Dimension of Globalization: Globalization can and must change"
1272:
instruments such as the UN's Global Compact, the OECD Guidelines, and the ILO MNE Declaration.
4220:
4184:
3992:
3982:
3947:
3742:
3687:
3677:
3647:
3642:
3617:
2985:"Discrimination against foreigners and expatriates living in the UAE versus Emirati citizens"
2959:"Discrimination against foreigners and expatriates living in the UAE versus Emirati citizens"
2098:
2039:
1401:
1257:
1051:
991:
851:
846:
781:
581:
541:
526:
249:
155:
2474:
Seidman, Gay W. (2012). "Regulation at Work: Globalization, Labor Rights, and Development".
2119:
1969:
1177:
expressed demand for better wages and working conditions. One of the leaders of the revolt,
4111:
4071:
3952:
3757:
3737:
3727:
3702:
3541:
3519:
Workers' rights page at the Bureau of International Labor Affairs, U.S. Department of Labor
2392:
2249:
1892:
1232:
1090:
1026:
910:
821:
806:
801:
791:
630:
561:
380:
215:
185:
2795:
2145:"'Core Labour Standards' and the Transformation of the International Labour Rights Regime"
8:
4225:
4161:
3882:
3877:
3852:
3528:
3443:
2937:
1998:
1988:
1973:
1754:
1385:
1170:
1041:
1021:
961:
895:
796:
676:
556:
210:
3228:
Bacon, David (2007). "Rising from Below: Immigrant Workers Open New Organizing Fronts".
2019:
4199:
4076:
4002:
3897:
3308:
3281:
3237:
3116:
3108:
2777:
2769:
2604:
2577:
2560:
2540:
2499:
2491:
2374:
1983:
1688:
1643:
1534:
1508:
1190:
1178:
1061:
1056:
986:
930:
888:
861:
459:
319:
27:
Legal rights and human rights relating to labor relations between workers and employers
3388:
2881:
1590:
1404:, which includes promoting workers' rights and safe working conditions, prevention of
4106:
4066:
4019:
3967:
3892:
3313:
3120:
3094:
2856:
2781:
2536:
2503:
2218:
1594:
1405:
1212:
1146:
1066:
1031:
1016:
935:
920:
868:
841:
650:
601:
536:
479:
289:
145:
3405:
2306:
2270:
4096:
4012:
3977:
3303:
3293:
3098:
3090:
2905:"Dubai's Indian migrant workers are the emirate's 'foot soldiers of globalization'"
2848:
2761:
2569:
2532:
2483:
2364:
2214:
2158:
1531:
1335:
1236:
1011:
635:
625:
180:
3282:"Neurodiversity at work: a biopsychosocial model and the impact on working adults"
1366:, the United States began workplace reforms, which received publicity boosts from
4174:
4126:
4086:
3987:
3937:
1978:
1849:
1829:
1793:
1363:
1224:
1126:
1083:
1036:
1006:
976:
971:
873:
655:
469:
427:
349:
135:
2941:
2639:"Apple and Google named in US lawsuit over Congolese child cobalt mining deaths"
2334:. Agency for Public Management and eGovernment. 15 December 2015. Archived from
4116:
4041:
3997:
2351:"Attracting Investment: Governments' Strategic Role in Labor Rights Protection"
1777:
1762:
asylums, jails and residential homes for the elderly and handicapped and more.
1692:
1397:
1367:
1343:
1331:
1001:
981:
925:
669:
494:
489:
474:
437:
259:
105:
2852:
4214:
4146:
4081:
3962:
3461:
2860:
2140:
1959:
1949:
1944:
1912:
1758:
1652:
1458:
996:
786:
419:
354:
314:
279:
205:
2163:
2144:
4051:
3942:
3819:
3787:
3317:
2518:
1658:
Koelnmesse, the company responsible for managing the pavilion representing
1463:
1434:
1201:
1122:
1118:
945:
905:
836:
831:
816:
746:
499:
464:
447:
344:
329:
294:
244:
239:
165:
3533:
3298:
2765:
2717:"Electric car demand fueling rise in child labor in DR Congo: campaigners"
2487:
3922:
3499:
Dataset on collective labor rights across all sovereign states, 1985–2002
1964:
1882:
1721:. In this court decision, it was also stated that the U.S. would support
1500:
1208:
1166:
1150:
373:
200:
170:
150:
31:
3241:
3112:
2773:
2608:
2581:
2544:
2495:
2378:
1639:
3927:
2573:
2369:
2350:
1934:
1929:
1825:
1372:
1228:
645:
339:
334:
3103:
3907:
1954:
1680:
1381:
1220:
1216:
1134:
454:
195:
190:
4169:
4007:
2669:. Max Planck Foundation for International Peace and the Rule of Law
2448:"Economic Globalization and Labor Rights:Towards Global Solidarity"
1805:
1684:
1339:
1269:
309:
707:
125:
3972:
3917:
3902:
3887:
2594:
1659:
1490:
1193:, which took traditionally communal lands and made them private.
1174:
1130:
484:
3524:
International Network for Economic, Social & Cultural Rights
3387:. International Labour Review, 2019, vol. 158, issue 3, 419-446.
3057:"Workers at Qatar's World Cup stadiums toil in debt and squalor"
1695:
in the workplace is illegal in many countries, but some see the
2837:"THE PREGNANT EMPLOYEE'S RIGHTS – A GUIDE TO YOUR LEGAL RIGHTS"
2521:(ed.). "Globalization and Labor Rights: Assessing the Impact".
2111:
Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights
1676:
1527:
1523:
1515:
1512:
1467:
699:
432:
1867:
3508:
3178:. National Immigration Law Center. March 2013. Archived from
3176:"The POWER Act: An Essential Component of Immigration Reform"
442:
3523:
1706:
1223:, a society that would be ruled by the workers. Many of the
1181:, famously argued that people were born equal saying, "When
3503:
3385:
New labour rights indicators: Method and trends for 2000–15
1853:
1833:
1182:
1699:
between genders and other groups as a persistent problem.
1137:. These rights are codified in national and international
2349:
Payton, Autumn Lockwood; Byungwon, Woo (September 2014).
1785:, other people may only want cultural understanding in a
1186:
1792:
Neurodiversity considerations may include people on the
1254:
Declaration on Fundamental Principles and Rights at Work
3423:"MCC's New Scorecard Indicator: Employment Opportunity"
3201:"How can undocumented immigrants legally form a union?"
2662:
1457:
Workers' rights advocates have been concerned with how
3513:
2696:. McGill Centre for Human Rights & Legal Pluralism
2116:"International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights"
1691:, is also seen by many as one of the workers' rights.
1480:
2453:
Notre Dame Journal of Law, Ethics & Public Policy
1346:
the working week is limited to a maximum of 48 hours
1863:
1540:
1391:
4180:Freedom from involuntary female genital mutilation
1499:Labor rights advocates have also worked to combat
2597:The University of Miami Inter-American Law Review
2305:. GSA Sustainable Facilities Tool. Archived from
4212:
2425:. No. 50. International Labour Organization
2017:
1316:
1311:Labour standards in the World Trade Organization
3260:Labor Commission on Racial and Economic Justice
3256:"A Brief History of Labor, Race and Solidarity"
2666:Human Rights Risks in Mining - A Baseline Study
3361:"Proposed Methodology for SDG Indicator 8.8.2"
2557:
2348:
1811:
3803:
3549:
2927:"Country Profile: United Arab Emirates (UAE)"
2694:Centre for Human Rights & Legal Pluralism
2293:
2291:
1925:Labor rights in American meatpacking industry
1579:The examples and perspective in this section
1091:
677:
3817:
1898:Institute for Global Labour and Human Rights
1675:The right to equal treatment, regardless of
1419:Agency for Public Management and eGovernment
3848:Freedom from arbitrary arrest and detention
3563:
3810:
3796:
3556:
3542:
3273:
3161:(PhD). University of California, Berkeley.
3152:
3150:
3148:
3146:
3144:
2872:
2870:
2469:
2467:
2288:
2204:
1719:Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986
1597:, or create a new section, as appropriate.
1098:
1084:
684:
670:
3307:
3297:
3102:
3043:Business and Human Rights Resource Centre
2368:
2162:
2033:
2031:
1707:Undocumented workers in the United States
1613:Learn how and when to remove this message
1433:The labor movement pushes for guaranteed
89:Learn how and when to remove this message
3420:
2834:
2393:"A Fair Globalization, Making it Happen"
2195:ICCPR Art. 8, ILO Conventions 29 and 105
2038:Bank, Asian Development (October 2006).
1798:attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
1489:
52:This article includes a list of general
4062:Right to an adequate standard of living
3343:International Trade Union Confederation
3170:
3168:
3156:
3141:
3080:
2867:
2819:
2473:
2464:
2095:"Convention on the Rights of the Child"
1828:. Others, such as data produced by the
1818:International Trade Union Confederation
1714:Hoffman Plastic Compounds, Inc. v. NLRB
1670:
1357:
1243:
14:
4213:
3863:Cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment
3223:
3221:
2902:
2714:
2328:"Information about High-Risk Products"
2139:
2028:
2018:Hutchins, B. L.; Harrison, A. (1911).
1262:international human rights instruments
3791:
3537:
3438:
3436:
3416:
3414:
3412:
3399:
3397:
3395:
3379:
3377:
3355:
3353:
3329:
3327:
3279:
3227:
2636:
2621:
2516:
2442:
2416:
2150:European Journal of International Law
1561:
1547:Child labor laws in the United States
1266:Convention on the Rights of the Child
3165:
2749:
2037:
1888:Economic, social and cultural rights
1747:
1565:
38:
3230:Race, Poverty & the Environment
3218:
2802:. United States Department of Labor
2399:. International Labour Organization
1994:Workers' right to access the toilet
1802:developmental coordination disorder
1481:Labor rights issues by demographics
1445:conditions, as more FDI flows in."
1396:Recent initiatives in the field of
1160:
360:Workers' right to access the toilet
24:
3433:
3409:
3392:
3383:David Kucera and Dora Sari. 2019.
3374:
3350:
3324:
2788:
2715:Peyton, Nellie (2 November 2018).
1804:(DCD, also known as dyspraxia) or
1629:
1293:Non-discrimination in employment:
58:it lacks sufficient corresponding
25:
4237:
3983:Right to refuse medical treatment
3492:
3368:International Labour Organization
2992:Democracy Centre for Transparency
2963:Democracy Centre for Transparency
2687:
2637:Kelly, Annie (16 December 2019).
2113:, Ratification and Reservations:
2044:. Manila: Asian Development Bank.
1903:International Labour Organization
1822:International Labour Organization
1765:
1423:International Finance Corporation
1250:International Labour Organization
3658:Democratic Republic of the Congo
3514:International Labor Organization
3504:International Labor Rights Forum
3427:Millennium Challenge Corporation
3095:10.1111/j.1747-4469.2010.01196.x
2537:10.1111/j.1468-2486.2012.01117.x
2219:10.1111/j.1743-4580.2001.00009.x
2021:A History of Factory Legislation
1908:International Labor Rights Forum
1866:
1570:
1553:Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938
1541:Child labor in the United States
1448:
1392:Safety and social sustainability
1378:Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire
706:
255:Diversity, equity, and inclusion
124:
43:
3478:
3454:
3335:"2022 ITUC Global Rights Index"
3248:
3193:
3157:Gleeson, Shannon Marie (2008).
3127:
3074:
3049:
3031:
3005:
2977:
2951:
2940:. December 2005. Archived from
2919:
2896:
2835:Williams, Audrey (1993-01-01).
2828:
2813:
2743:
2734:
2708:
2681:
2656:
2630:
2615:
2588:
2551:
2510:
2436:
2410:
2385:
2356:International Studies Quarterly
2342:
2320:
2263:
2234:
2231:CROC Art. 32 ILO Convention 138
2225:
2198:
2186:ICCPR Art.22, ILO Convention 98
2177:ICCPR Art.22, ILO Convention 87
1772:Neurodiversity and labor rights
1157:to improve working conditions.
733:Natural rights and legal rights
723:Claim rights and liberty rights
4195:Sexual and reproductive health
4092:Right to a healthy environment
3421:Fletcher, Terry (2022-10-13).
2903:Raymer, Steve (19 July 2005).
2248:. Citation Plc. Archived from
2189:
2180:
2171:
2133:
2086:
2057:
2048:
2011:
1940:Occupational safety and health
1485:
1428:
1325:
1277:The core labor standards are:
1155:right to collective bargaining
305:Occupational safety and health
300:Occupational safety and health
13:
1:
4112:Right to public participation
3529:ITUC Global Rights Index 2020
3137:. pp. Recent Cases 1236.
2069:United Nations Global Compact
2041:Core Labor Standards Handbook
2005:
1317:Labor rights issues by topics
761:Economic, social and cultural
428:Chronological list of strikes
4132:Right to science and culture
3448:World Policy Analysis Center
3280:Doyle, N (14 October 2020).
2524:International Studies Review
1842:Sustainable Development Goal
1376:and events such as the 1911
1057:Self-determination of people
738:Negative and positive rights
7:
3958:Right to keep and bear arms
3868:Freedom from discrimination
2626:. New York: Franklin Watts.
1919:Journal of Workplace Rights
1859:
1812:Measurement of Labor Rights
1783:medical model of disability
1636:in the United Arab Emirates
1593:, discuss the issue on the
1352:Working Time Directive 2003
1303:customary international law
728:Individual and group rights
10:
4242:
2841:Women in Management Review
1787:social model of disability
1769:
1551:In the United States, the
1544:
1442:foreign direct investments
1440:The benefits and costs of
29:
4155:
4122:Right to rest and leisure
4028:
3833:
3826:
3569:
2934:Federal Research Division
2853:10.1108/09649429310024214
2622:Prior, Katherine (1997).
2517:Anner, Mark (June 2012).
1400:have included a focus on
1145:, otherwise known as the
391:International comparisons
325:Right to rest and leisure
265:Employment discrimination
4137:Right to social security
4102:Right to Internet access
4047:Equal pay for equal work
3933:Presumption of innocence
3638:Central African Republic
3286:British Medical Bulletin
3083:Law & Social Inquiry
1410:U.S. Department of Labor
1307:World Trade Organization
1295:equal pay for equal work
1139:labor and employment law
715:Theoretical distinctions
176:Social movement unionism
4013:right to be a candidate
3843:Equality before the law
3564:Labor rights by country
2820:Watkins, Heidi (2011).
2299:"Social Sustainability"
2024:. P. S. King & Son.
1425:performance standards.
1149:. Workers organized in
386:Trade union federations
381:Trade unions by country
73:more precise citations.
3873:Freedom of information
3858:Freedom of association
2824:. Detroit: Greenhaven.
2753:Human Rights Quarterly
2423:World of Work Magazine
2417:DCOMM (1 March 2004).
1874:Organized labor portal
1496:
1143:freedom of association
954:Other groups of rights
285:Freedom of association
4185:Intersex human rights
3993:Right of self-defense
3948:Right to a fair trial
2766:10.1353/hrq.2002.0003
2488:10.1353/sor.2012.0019
2164:10.1093/ejil/15.3.457
1493:
1402:social sustainability
1258:comparative advantage
1233:democratic socialists
774:Rights by beneficiary
270:Employment protection
250:Collective bargaining
156:Exploitation of labor
4072:Right to development
3953:Right to family life
3903:Freedom from torture
3888:Freedom from slavery
3773:United Arab Emirates
2822:Teens and Employment
1974:employment contracts
1893:Industrial democracy
1671:Undocumented workers
1591:improve this section
1581:may not represent a
1509:developing countries
1358:Workplace conditions
1244:Core labor standards
1072:Water and sanitation
631:Industrial relations
620:Academic disciplines
216:National-syndicalism
186:Democratic socialism
3883:Freedom of religion
3878:Freedom of movement
3853:Freedom of assembly
3835:Civil and political
3299:10.1093/bmb/ldaa021
3205:The Hand That Feeds
2938:Library of Congress
2884:on 14 November 2008
1999:Workplace democracy
1755:Federation of Labor
1414:Department of State
1386:occupational health
1350:overtime (see also
756:Civil and political
211:Anarcho-syndicalism
4200:Right to sexuality
4077:Right to education
4003:Security of person
3898:Freedom of thought
3509:Human Rights Watch
2796:"Workers Under 18"
2574:10.1111/socf.12239
2561:Sociological Forum
2370:10.1111/isqu.12138
1984:Worker cooperative
1689:sexual orientation
1644:Human Rights Watch
1562:Pregnant employees
1497:
1248:Identified by the
1198:British Parliament
1191:enclosure movement
320:Professional abuse
4208:
4207:
4107:Right to property
4067:Right to clothing
4052:Fair remuneration
4020:Right to homeland
3968:Right to petition
3893:Freedom of speech
3785:
3784:
2446:(February 2014).
2242:"Employee Rights"
1972:: can be used in
1748:Unionized workers
1623:
1622:
1615:
1406:human trafficking
1213:industrialization
1147:right to organize
1108:
1107:
766:Three generations
694:
693:
651:Post-work society
480:Solidarity action
290:Legal working age
146:Conflict theories
99:
98:
91:
16:(Redirected from
4233:
4097:Right to housing
4031:Economic, social
3978:Right to protest
3973:Right to privacy
3812:
3805:
3798:
3789:
3788:
3558:
3551:
3544:
3535:
3534:
3487:
3482:
3476:
3475:
3473:
3472:
3458:
3452:
3451:
3440:
3431:
3430:
3418:
3407:
3401:
3390:
3381:
3372:
3371:
3365:
3357:
3348:
3347:
3339:
3331:
3322:
3321:
3311:
3301:
3277:
3271:
3270:
3268:
3267:
3252:
3246:
3245:
3225:
3216:
3215:
3213:
3212:
3197:
3191:
3190:
3188:
3187:
3172:
3163:
3162:
3154:
3139:
3138:
3131:
3125:
3124:
3106:
3078:
3072:
3071:
3069:
3068:
3053:
3047:
3046:
3035:
3029:
3028:
3026:
3024:
3009:
3003:
3002:
3000:
2998:
2989:
2981:
2975:
2974:
2972:
2970:
2955:
2949:
2948:
2946:
2931:
2923:
2917:
2916:
2911:. Archived from
2900:
2894:
2893:
2891:
2889:
2880:. Archived from
2874:
2865:
2864:
2832:
2826:
2825:
2817:
2811:
2810:
2808:
2807:
2792:
2786:
2785:
2747:
2741:
2738:
2732:
2731:
2729:
2727:
2712:
2706:
2705:
2703:
2701:
2685:
2679:
2678:
2676:
2674:
2660:
2654:
2653:
2651:
2649:
2634:
2628:
2627:
2619:
2613:
2612:
2592:
2586:
2585:
2555:
2549:
2548:
2514:
2508:
2507:
2482:(4): 1023–1044.
2471:
2462:
2461:
2440:
2434:
2433:
2431:
2430:
2414:
2408:
2407:
2405:
2404:
2389:
2383:
2382:
2372:
2346:
2340:
2339:
2324:
2318:
2317:
2315:
2314:
2295:
2286:
2285:
2283:
2282:
2271:"Labor Movement"
2267:
2261:
2260:
2258:
2257:
2238:
2232:
2229:
2223:
2222:
2202:
2196:
2193:
2187:
2184:
2178:
2175:
2169:
2168:
2166:
2137:
2131:
2130:
2128:
2127:
2118:. Archived from
2109:
2107:
2106:
2097:. Archived from
2090:
2084:
2083:
2081:
2080:
2071:. Archived from
2061:
2055:
2052:
2046:
2045:
2035:
2026:
2025:
2015:
1989:Workers' council
1876:
1871:
1870:
1683:and appearance,
1618:
1611:
1607:
1604:
1598:
1574:
1573:
1566:
1532:electric vehicle
1336:35-hour workweek
1237:social democrats
1231:. More moderate
1225:social movements
1202:Factory Act 1833
1171:Peasants' Revolt
1161:Labor background
1100:
1093:
1086:
1047:Rest and leisure
710:
696:
695:
686:
679:
672:
626:Critique of work
470:Pen-down strikes
181:Social democracy
128:
118:
108:
101:
100:
94:
87:
83:
80:
74:
69:this article by
60:inline citations
47:
46:
39:
21:
4241:
4240:
4236:
4235:
4234:
4232:
4231:
4230:
4211:
4210:
4209:
4204:
4175:Family planning
4160:
4151:
4127:Right of return
4087:Right to health
4035:
4032:
4024:
3988:Right to resist
3938:Right of asylum
3829:
3822:
3816:
3786:
3781:
3565:
3562:
3495:
3490:
3483:
3479:
3470:
3468:
3460:
3459:
3455:
3442:
3441:
3434:
3419:
3410:
3402:
3393:
3382:
3375:
3363:
3359:
3358:
3351:
3337:
3333:
3332:
3325:
3278:
3274:
3265:
3263:
3254:
3253:
3249:
3226:
3219:
3210:
3208:
3199:
3198:
3194:
3185:
3183:
3174:
3173:
3166:
3155:
3142:
3133:
3132:
3128:
3079:
3075:
3066:
3064:
3055:
3054:
3050:
3037:
3036:
3032:
3022:
3020:
3011:
3010:
3006:
2996:
2994:
2987:
2983:
2982:
2978:
2968:
2966:
2965:. 26 April 2021
2957:
2956:
2952:
2944:
2929:
2925:
2924:
2920:
2901:
2897:
2887:
2885:
2876:
2875:
2868:
2833:
2829:
2818:
2814:
2805:
2803:
2794:
2793:
2789:
2748:
2744:
2739:
2735:
2725:
2723:
2713:
2709:
2699:
2697:
2686:
2682:
2672:
2670:
2661:
2657:
2647:
2645:
2635:
2631:
2624:Workers' Rights
2620:
2616:
2593:
2589:
2556:
2552:
2515:
2511:
2476:Social Research
2472:
2465:
2441:
2437:
2428:
2426:
2415:
2411:
2402:
2400:
2391:
2390:
2386:
2347:
2343:
2332:anskaffelser.no
2326:
2325:
2321:
2312:
2310:
2297:
2296:
2289:
2280:
2278:
2277:. 31 March 2020
2269:
2268:
2264:
2255:
2253:
2240:
2239:
2235:
2230:
2226:
2203:
2199:
2194:
2190:
2185:
2181:
2176:
2172:
2138:
2134:
2125:
2123:
2114:
2104:
2102:
2093:
2091:
2087:
2078:
2076:
2063:
2062:
2058:
2053:
2049:
2036:
2029:
2016:
2012:
2008:
2003:
1979:Union organizer
1872:
1865:
1862:
1850:V-Dem Institute
1830:V-Dem Institute
1814:
1794:autism spectrum
1776:People who are
1774:
1768:
1750:
1709:
1673:
1640:including Dubai
1632:
1630:Migrant workers
1619:
1608:
1602:
1599:
1588:
1575:
1571:
1564:
1549:
1543:
1488:
1483:
1477:
1451:
1431:
1421:(DIFI) and the
1394:
1364:Progressive Era
1360:
1328:
1319:
1246:
1163:
1127:labor relations
1115:workers' rights
1104:
977:Civil liberties
690:
661:
660:
656:Refusal of work
636:Labor economics
621:
613:
612:
611:
516:
506:
505:
504:
495:Wildcat strikes
490:Whipsaw strikes
475:Sitdown strikes
422:
412:
411:
408:
376:
366:
365:
364:
350:Toxic workplace
234:
224:
223:
220:
138:
117:Organized labor
116:
106:
95:
84:
78:
75:
65:Please help to
64:
48:
44:
35:
28:
23:
22:
18:Rights of labor
15:
12:
11:
5:
4239:
4229:
4228:
4223:
4206:
4205:
4203:
4202:
4197:
4192:
4187:
4182:
4177:
4172:
4166:
4164:
4153:
4152:
4150:
4149:
4144:
4142:Right to water
4139:
4134:
4129:
4124:
4119:
4117:Right of reply
4114:
4109:
4104:
4099:
4094:
4089:
4084:
4079:
4074:
4069:
4064:
4059:
4054:
4049:
4044:
4042:Digital rights
4038:
4036:
4029:
4026:
4025:
4023:
4022:
4017:
4016:
4015:
4005:
4000:
3998:Right to truth
3995:
3990:
3985:
3980:
3975:
3970:
3965:
3960:
3955:
3950:
3945:
3940:
3935:
3930:
3925:
3920:
3915:
3910:
3905:
3900:
3895:
3890:
3885:
3880:
3875:
3870:
3865:
3860:
3855:
3850:
3845:
3839:
3837:
3831:
3830:
3827:
3824:
3823:
3815:
3814:
3807:
3800:
3792:
3783:
3782:
3780:
3775:
3770:
3765:
3760:
3755:
3750:
3745:
3740:
3735:
3730:
3725:
3720:
3715:
3710:
3705:
3700:
3695:
3690:
3685:
3680:
3675:
3670:
3665:
3660:
3655:
3650:
3645:
3640:
3635:
3630:
3625:
3620:
3615:
3610:
3605:
3600:
3595:
3590:
3585:
3580:
3575:
3570:
3567:
3566:
3561:
3560:
3553:
3546:
3538:
3532:
3531:
3526:
3521:
3516:
3511:
3506:
3501:
3494:
3493:External links
3491:
3489:
3488:
3477:
3453:
3432:
3408:
3391:
3373:
3349:
3323:
3292:(1): 108–125.
3272:
3247:
3217:
3192:
3164:
3140:
3126:
3089:(3): 561–602.
3073:
3048:
3030:
3004:
2976:
2950:
2947:on 2006-02-19.
2918:
2915:on 2005-08-04.
2909:The Daily Star
2895:
2866:
2827:
2812:
2787:
2760:(1): 177–204.
2742:
2733:
2707:
2688:Haile, Hanna.
2680:
2655:
2629:
2614:
2603:(2): 297–366.
2587:
2568:(1): 181–202.
2550:
2531:(2): 343–345.
2509:
2463:
2435:
2409:
2384:
2363:(3): 462–474.
2341:
2338:on 2016-10-07.
2319:
2287:
2262:
2246:citation.co.uk
2233:
2224:
2197:
2188:
2179:
2170:
2157:(3): 457–521.
2141:Alston, Philip
2132:
2085:
2056:
2047:
2027:
2009:
2007:
2004:
2002:
2001:
1996:
1991:
1986:
1981:
1976:
1970:Smart contract
1967:
1962:
1957:
1952:
1947:
1942:
1937:
1932:
1927:
1922:
1915:
1910:
1905:
1900:
1895:
1890:
1885:
1879:
1878:
1877:
1861:
1858:
1813:
1810:
1778:neurodivergent
1770:Main article:
1767:
1766:Neurodiversity
1764:
1749:
1746:
1708:
1705:
1693:Discrimination
1672:
1669:
1631:
1628:
1621:
1620:
1585:of the subject
1583:worldwide view
1578:
1576:
1569:
1563:
1560:
1542:
1539:
1487:
1484:
1482:
1479:
1450:
1447:
1430:
1427:
1398:sustainability
1393:
1390:
1368:Upton Sinclair
1359:
1356:
1344:European Union
1332:eight-hour day
1327:
1324:
1318:
1315:
1299:
1298:
1291:
1288:
1285:
1282:
1264:including the
1245:
1242:
1211:following the
1162:
1159:
1106:
1105:
1103:
1102:
1095:
1088:
1080:
1077:
1076:
1075:
1074:
1069:
1064:
1059:
1054:
1049:
1044:
1039:
1034:
1029:
1024:
1019:
1014:
1009:
1004:
1002:Free migration
999:
994:
989:
984:
979:
974:
969:
964:
956:
955:
951:
950:
949:
948:
943:
938:
933:
928:
923:
918:
913:
908:
903:
898:
893:
892:
891:
886:
876:
871:
866:
865:
864:
854:
849:
844:
839:
834:
829:
824:
819:
814:
809:
804:
799:
794:
789:
784:
776:
775:
771:
770:
769:
768:
763:
758:
750:
749:
743:
742:
741:
740:
735:
730:
725:
717:
716:
712:
711:
703:
702:
692:
691:
689:
688:
681:
674:
666:
663:
662:
659:
658:
653:
648:
643:
638:
633:
628:
622:
619:
618:
615:
614:
610:
609:
604:
602:United Kingdom
599:
594:
589:
584:
579:
574:
569:
564:
559:
554:
549:
544:
539:
534:
529:
524:
518:
517:
512:
511:
508:
507:
503:
502:
497:
492:
487:
482:
477:
472:
467:
462:
457:
452:
451:
450:
445:
438:General strike
435:
430:
424:
423:
418:
417:
414:
413:
410:
409:
407:
406:
401:
395:
393:
388:
383:
377:
372:
371:
368:
367:
363:
362:
357:
352:
347:
342:
337:
332:
327:
322:
317:
312:
307:
302:
297:
292:
287:
282:
277:
272:
267:
262:
260:Eight-hour day
257:
252:
247:
242:
236:
235:
230:
229:
226:
225:
222:
221:
219:
218:
213:
208:
203:
198:
193:
188:
183:
178:
173:
168:
163:
158:
153:
148:
142:
139:
136:Labor movement
134:
133:
130:
129:
121:
120:
112:
111:
97:
96:
79:September 2017
51:
49:
42:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4238:
4227:
4224:
4222:
4219:
4218:
4216:
4201:
4198:
4196:
4193:
4191:
4188:
4186:
4183:
4181:
4178:
4176:
4173:
4171:
4168:
4167:
4165:
4163:
4158:
4154:
4148:
4147:Right to work
4145:
4143:
4140:
4138:
4135:
4133:
4130:
4128:
4125:
4123:
4120:
4118:
4115:
4113:
4110:
4108:
4105:
4103:
4100:
4098:
4095:
4093:
4090:
4088:
4085:
4083:
4082:Right to food
4080:
4078:
4075:
4073:
4070:
4068:
4065:
4063:
4060:
4058:
4055:
4053:
4050:
4048:
4045:
4043:
4040:
4039:
4037:
4034:
4027:
4021:
4018:
4014:
4011:
4010:
4009:
4006:
4004:
4001:
3999:
3996:
3994:
3991:
3989:
3986:
3984:
3981:
3979:
3976:
3974:
3971:
3969:
3966:
3964:
3963:Right to life
3961:
3959:
3956:
3954:
3951:
3949:
3946:
3944:
3941:
3939:
3936:
3934:
3931:
3929:
3926:
3924:
3921:
3919:
3916:
3914:
3911:
3909:
3906:
3904:
3901:
3899:
3896:
3894:
3891:
3889:
3886:
3884:
3881:
3879:
3876:
3874:
3871:
3869:
3866:
3864:
3861:
3859:
3856:
3854:
3851:
3849:
3846:
3844:
3841:
3840:
3838:
3836:
3832:
3825:
3821:
3813:
3808:
3806:
3801:
3799:
3794:
3793:
3790:
3779:
3778:United States
3776:
3774:
3771:
3769:
3766:
3764:
3761:
3759:
3756:
3754:
3751:
3749:
3746:
3744:
3741:
3739:
3736:
3734:
3731:
3729:
3726:
3724:
3721:
3719:
3716:
3714:
3711:
3709:
3706:
3704:
3701:
3699:
3696:
3694:
3693:Liechtenstein
3691:
3689:
3686:
3684:
3681:
3679:
3676:
3674:
3671:
3669:
3666:
3664:
3661:
3659:
3656:
3654:
3651:
3649:
3646:
3644:
3641:
3639:
3636:
3634:
3631:
3629:
3626:
3624:
3621:
3619:
3616:
3614:
3611:
3609:
3606:
3604:
3601:
3599:
3596:
3594:
3591:
3589:
3586:
3584:
3581:
3579:
3576:
3574:
3571:
3568:
3559:
3554:
3552:
3547:
3545:
3540:
3539:
3536:
3530:
3527:
3525:
3522:
3520:
3517:
3515:
3512:
3510:
3507:
3505:
3502:
3500:
3497:
3496:
3486:
3481:
3467:
3463:
3457:
3449:
3445:
3439:
3437:
3428:
3424:
3417:
3415:
3413:
3406:
3400:
3398:
3396:
3389:
3386:
3380:
3378:
3369:
3362:
3356:
3354:
3345:
3344:
3336:
3330:
3328:
3319:
3315:
3310:
3305:
3300:
3295:
3291:
3287:
3283:
3276:
3261:
3257:
3251:
3243:
3239:
3235:
3231:
3224:
3222:
3206:
3202:
3196:
3182:on 2019-11-15
3181:
3177:
3171:
3169:
3160:
3153:
3151:
3149:
3147:
3145:
3136:
3130:
3122:
3118:
3114:
3110:
3105:
3100:
3096:
3092:
3088:
3084:
3077:
3062:
3058:
3052:
3044:
3040:
3034:
3018:
3014:
3008:
2993:
2986:
2980:
2964:
2960:
2954:
2943:
2939:
2935:
2928:
2922:
2914:
2910:
2906:
2899:
2883:
2879:
2873:
2871:
2862:
2858:
2854:
2850:
2846:
2842:
2838:
2831:
2823:
2816:
2801:
2797:
2791:
2783:
2779:
2775:
2771:
2767:
2763:
2759:
2755:
2754:
2746:
2737:
2722:
2718:
2711:
2695:
2691:
2684:
2668:
2667:
2659:
2644:
2640:
2633:
2625:
2618:
2610:
2606:
2602:
2598:
2591:
2583:
2579:
2575:
2571:
2567:
2563:
2562:
2554:
2546:
2542:
2538:
2534:
2530:
2526:
2525:
2520:
2519:Mosley, Layna
2513:
2505:
2501:
2497:
2493:
2489:
2485:
2481:
2477:
2470:
2468:
2459:
2455:
2454:
2449:
2445:
2444:Smith, Jackie
2439:
2424:
2420:
2413:
2398:
2394:
2388:
2380:
2376:
2371:
2366:
2362:
2358:
2357:
2352:
2345:
2337:
2333:
2329:
2323:
2309:on 2016-11-30
2308:
2304:
2300:
2294:
2292:
2276:
2272:
2266:
2252:on 2011-03-06
2251:
2247:
2243:
2237:
2228:
2220:
2216:
2212:
2208:
2201:
2192:
2183:
2174:
2165:
2160:
2156:
2152:
2151:
2146:
2143:(June 2004).
2142:
2136:
2122:on 2007-09-26
2121:
2117:
2112:
2101:on 2007-09-26
2100:
2096:
2089:
2075:on 2009-03-03
2074:
2070:
2066:
2060:
2051:
2043:
2042:
2034:
2032:
2023:
2022:
2014:
2010:
2000:
1997:
1995:
1992:
1990:
1987:
1985:
1982:
1980:
1977:
1975:
1971:
1968:
1966:
1963:
1961:
1960:Strike action
1958:
1956:
1953:
1951:
1950:Social clause
1948:
1946:
1945:Right to work
1943:
1941:
1938:
1936:
1933:
1931:
1928:
1926:
1923:
1921:
1920:
1916:
1914:
1913:Job guarantee
1911:
1909:
1906:
1904:
1901:
1899:
1896:
1894:
1891:
1889:
1886:
1884:
1881:
1880:
1875:
1869:
1864:
1857:
1855:
1851:
1846:
1843:
1837:
1835:
1831:
1827:
1823:
1819:
1809:
1807:
1803:
1799:
1795:
1790:
1788:
1784:
1779:
1773:
1763:
1760:
1759:Jim Crow laws
1756:
1745:
1742:
1738:
1734:
1730:
1728:
1724:
1720:
1716:
1715:
1704:
1700:
1698:
1694:
1690:
1686:
1682:
1678:
1668:
1664:
1661:
1656:
1654:
1653:Kafala system
1648:
1645:
1641:
1637:
1627:
1617:
1614:
1606:
1596:
1592:
1586:
1584:
1577:
1568:
1567:
1559:
1556:
1554:
1548:
1538:
1536:
1533:
1529:
1525:
1521:
1517:
1514:
1510:
1504:
1502:
1492:
1478:
1475:
1471:
1469:
1465:
1460:
1459:globalization
1455:
1449:Globalization
1446:
1443:
1438:
1436:
1426:
1424:
1420:
1415:
1411:
1407:
1403:
1399:
1389:
1387:
1383:
1379:
1375:
1374:
1369:
1365:
1355:
1353:
1349:
1345:
1341:
1337:
1333:
1323:
1314:
1312:
1308:
1304:
1296:
1292:
1289:
1286:
1283:
1280:
1279:
1278:
1275:
1274:
1271:
1267:
1263:
1259:
1255:
1252:(ILO) in the
1251:
1241:
1238:
1234:
1230:
1226:
1222:
1218:
1214:
1210:
1205:
1203:
1199:
1194:
1192:
1188:
1184:
1180:
1176:
1172:
1168:
1158:
1156:
1153:exercise the
1152:
1148:
1144:
1140:
1136:
1132:
1128:
1124:
1120:
1116:
1112:
1101:
1096:
1094:
1089:
1087:
1082:
1081:
1079:
1078:
1073:
1070:
1068:
1065:
1063:
1060:
1058:
1055:
1053:
1050:
1048:
1045:
1043:
1040:
1038:
1035:
1033:
1030:
1028:
1025:
1023:
1020:
1018:
1015:
1013:
1010:
1008:
1005:
1003:
1000:
998:
995:
993:
990:
988:
985:
983:
980:
978:
975:
973:
970:
968:
965:
963:
960:
959:
958:
957:
953:
952:
947:
944:
942:
939:
937:
934:
932:
929:
927:
924:
922:
919:
917:
914:
912:
909:
907:
904:
902:
899:
897:
894:
890:
887:
885:
882:
881:
880:
877:
875:
872:
870:
867:
863:
860:
859:
858:
855:
853:
850:
848:
845:
843:
840:
838:
835:
833:
830:
828:
825:
823:
820:
818:
815:
813:
810:
808:
805:
803:
800:
798:
795:
793:
790:
788:
785:
783:
780:
779:
778:
777:
773:
772:
767:
764:
762:
759:
757:
754:
753:
752:
751:
748:
745:
744:
739:
736:
734:
731:
729:
726:
724:
721:
720:
719:
718:
714:
713:
709:
705:
704:
701:
698:
697:
687:
682:
680:
675:
673:
668:
667:
665:
664:
657:
654:
652:
649:
647:
644:
642:
641:Labor history
639:
637:
634:
632:
629:
627:
624:
623:
617:
616:
608:
605:
603:
600:
598:
595:
593:
590:
588:
585:
583:
580:
578:
575:
573:
570:
568:
567:New Caledonia
565:
563:
560:
558:
555:
553:
550:
548:
545:
543:
540:
538:
535:
533:
530:
528:
525:
523:
520:
519:
515:
514:Labor parties
510:
509:
501:
498:
496:
493:
491:
488:
486:
483:
481:
478:
476:
473:
471:
468:
466:
465:Overtime bans
463:
461:
458:
456:
453:
449:
446:
444:
441:
440:
439:
436:
434:
431:
429:
426:
425:
421:
420:Strike action
416:
415:
405:
402:
400:
397:
396:
394:
392:
389:
387:
384:
382:
379:
378:
375:
370:
369:
361:
358:
356:
353:
351:
348:
346:
343:
341:
338:
336:
333:
331:
328:
326:
323:
321:
318:
316:
315:Paid time off
313:
311:
308:
306:
303:
301:
298:
296:
293:
291:
288:
286:
283:
281:
280:Four-day week
278:
276:
273:
271:
268:
266:
263:
261:
258:
256:
253:
251:
248:
246:
243:
241:
238:
237:
233:
228:
227:
217:
214:
212:
209:
207:
206:Union busting
204:
202:
199:
197:
194:
192:
189:
187:
184:
182:
179:
177:
174:
172:
169:
167:
164:
162:
159:
157:
154:
152:
149:
147:
144:
143:
141:
140:
137:
132:
131:
127:
123:
122:
119:
114:
113:
109:
103:
102:
93:
90:
82:
72:
68:
62:
61:
55:
50:
41:
40:
37:
33:
19:
4221:Labor rights
4162:reproductive
4057:Labor rights
4056:
4033:and cultural
3943:Right to die
3820:human rights
3818:Substantive
3748:South Africa
3480:
3469:. Retrieved
3465:
3456:
3447:
3426:
3384:
3367:
3341:
3289:
3285:
3275:
3264:. Retrieved
3262:. 2017-01-04
3259:
3250:
3236:(1): 21–27.
3233:
3229:
3209:. Retrieved
3207:. 2014-10-16
3204:
3195:
3184:. Retrieved
3180:the original
3158:
3134:
3129:
3086:
3082:
3076:
3065:. Retrieved
3063:. 2022-09-20
3061:the Guardian
3060:
3051:
3042:
3033:
3021:. Retrieved
3019:. 8 May 2021
3016:
3007:
2995:. Retrieved
2991:
2979:
2967:. Retrieved
2962:
2953:
2942:the original
2921:
2913:the original
2908:
2898:
2886:. Retrieved
2882:the original
2844:
2840:
2830:
2821:
2815:
2804:. Retrieved
2799:
2790:
2757:
2751:
2745:
2736:
2724:. Retrieved
2720:
2710:
2698:. Retrieved
2693:
2683:
2671:. Retrieved
2665:
2658:
2646:. Retrieved
2643:The Guardian
2642:
2632:
2623:
2617:
2600:
2596:
2590:
2565:
2559:
2553:
2528:
2522:
2512:
2479:
2475:
2457:
2451:
2438:
2427:. Retrieved
2422:
2412:
2401:. Retrieved
2396:
2387:
2360:
2354:
2344:
2336:the original
2331:
2322:
2311:. Retrieved
2307:the original
2302:
2279:. Retrieved
2274:
2265:
2254:. Retrieved
2250:the original
2245:
2236:
2227:
2210:
2206:
2200:
2191:
2182:
2173:
2154:
2148:
2135:
2124:. Retrieved
2120:the original
2103:. Retrieved
2099:the original
2088:
2077:. Retrieved
2073:the original
2059:
2050:
2040:
2020:
2013:
1917:
1847:
1838:
1820:(ITUC), the
1815:
1791:
1775:
1751:
1743:
1739:
1735:
1731:
1712:
1710:
1701:
1674:
1665:
1657:
1649:
1633:
1624:
1609:
1600:
1580:
1557:
1550:
1505:
1498:
1476:
1472:
1464:Layna Mosley
1456:
1452:
1439:
1435:minimum wage
1432:
1395:
1371:
1361:
1347:
1329:
1320:
1300:
1276:
1273:
1247:
1209:labor unions
1206:
1195:
1164:
1151:trade unions
1125:relating to
1123:human rights
1119:legal rights
1114:
1111:Labor rights
1110:
1109:
1052:Self defense
1042:Reproductive
940:
747:Human rights
500:Work-to-rule
374:Trade unions
355:Unfree labor
345:Six-hour day
330:Right to sit
295:Minimum wage
240:Annual leave
232:Labor rights
231:
166:New unionism
85:
76:
57:
36:
4190:LGBT rights
3923:Nationality
3913:LGBT rights
3723:North Korea
3718:New Zealand
3663:El Salvador
3017:Social Post
2207:Working USA
1965:Syndicalism
1883:Decent work
1824:(ILO), and
1522:as well as
1501:child labor
1486:Child labor
1429:Living wage
1326:Hour limits
1215:processes.
1200:passed the
1185:delved and
1167:Middle Ages
1027:Development
967:Association
862:Transgender
597:South Korea
577:Netherlands
572:New Zealand
245:Child labor
201:Syndicalism
171:Proletariat
151:Decent work
71:introducing
32:Labor Right
4226:Labour law
4215:Categories
3928:Personhood
3708:Mauritania
3598:Azerbaijan
3471:2023-01-20
3266:2020-12-01
3211:2018-04-28
3186:2018-04-28
3104:1813/75787
3067:2022-11-18
2888:21 October
2806:2019-11-01
2726:3 February
2700:3 February
2673:3 February
2648:3 February
2429:2020-05-19
2403:2020-05-07
2313:2016-03-11
2303:sftool.gov
2281:2020-12-01
2256:2012-10-31
2126:2007-05-29
2105:2009-06-14
2079:2009-06-14
2006:References
1935:Labour law
1930:Labour Day
1826:Penn State
1603:April 2023
1545:See also:
1526:mining in
1382:sweatshops
1373:The Jungle
1229:communists
1017:Linguistic
992:Fair trial
874:Minorities
842:Indigenous
455:Green bans
448:newspapers
340:Sick leave
335:Sabbatical
54:references
3908:Legal aid
3683:Indonesia
3588:Argentina
3121:142932467
2861:0964-9425
2782:145456507
2504:201753706
2460:(2): 876.
1955:Socialism
1753:American
1595:talk page
1535:batteries
1348:including
1342:. In the
1221:socialism
1217:Karl Marx
1179:John Ball
1135:employers
1117:are both
1062:Sexuality
987:Education
911:Prisoners
802:Creditors
797:Consumers
646:Labor law
592:Singapore
547:Hong Kong
522:Australia
275:Equal pay
196:Communism
191:Socialism
4170:Abortion
4008:Suffrage
3733:Paraguay
3713:Mongolia
3698:Malaysia
3668:Eswatini
3653:Colombia
3628:Botswana
3466:ITUC GRI
3318:32996572
3242:41555130
3113:40783684
2997:26 April
2969:26 April
2774:20069593
2609:41307719
2582:24878765
2545:23280004
2496:24385638
2379:24014604
2213:(1): 9.
2065:"Labour"
1860:See also
1806:dyslexia
1800:(ADHD),
1697:wage gap
1685:religion
1589:You may
1468:treaties
1340:overtime
1270:soft law
1129:between
1032:Property
1022:Movement
962:Assembly
926:Students
901:Peasants
896:Patients
847:Intersex
812:Disabled
792:Children
587:Portugal
527:Barbados
485:Walkouts
460:Lockouts
310:Overwork
161:Timeline
107:a series
104:Part of
3918:Liberty
3763:Tunisia
3673:Iceland
3623:Bolivia
3613:Belgium
3608:Belarus
3603:Bahrain
3593:Austria
3578:Andorra
3573:Algeria
3444:"Labor"
3309:7732033
2800:dol.gov
2721:Reuters
2397:ilo.org
2275:HISTORY
1796:, with
1660:Germany
1518:in the
1495:Jersey.
1175:England
1131:workers
1012:Housing
982:Digital
941:Workers
931:Victims
889:Mothers
884:Fathers
879:Parents
832:Fetuses
827:Farmers
787:Animals
782:Accused
552:Ireland
542:Georgia
67:improve
4157:Sexual
3768:Turkey
3753:Taiwan
3633:Brazil
3583:Angola
3462:"Home"
3316:
3306:
3240:
3119:
3111:
2859:
2780:
2772:
2607:
2580:
2543:
2502:
2494:
2377:
1681:origin
1677:gender
1528:Zambia
1524:copper
1516:mining
1513:cobalt
1309:, see
1169:, the
1067:Speech
1037:Repair
1007:Health
972:Asylum
921:States
916:Robots
906:Plants
837:Humans
822:Family
817:Elders
700:Rights
607:Sweden
582:Norway
557:Israel
532:Brazil
433:Hartal
56:, but
3743:Qatar
3688:Japan
3678:India
3648:China
3643:Chile
3618:Benin
3364:(PDF)
3338:(PDF)
3238:JSTOR
3117:S2CID
3109:JSTOR
3023:9 May
2988:(PDF)
2945:(PDF)
2930:(PDF)
2847:(1).
2778:S2CID
2770:JSTOR
2605:JSTOR
2578:JSTOR
2541:JSTOR
2500:S2CID
2492:JSTOR
2375:JSTOR
946:Youth
936:Women
852:Kings
562:Malta
443:Bandh
3758:Togo
3738:Peru
3728:Oman
3703:Mali
3314:PMID
3025:2021
2999:2021
2971:2021
2890:2019
2857:ISSN
2728:2021
2702:2021
2675:2021
2650:2021
1854:UCLA
1848:The
1834:UCLA
1832:and
1727:MSPA
1725:and
1723:FLSA
1412:and
1384:and
1235:and
1196:The
1183:Adam
1133:and
1121:and
997:Food
857:LGBT
807:Deaf
537:Fiji
404:WFTU
399:ITUC
4159:and
3304:PMC
3294:doi
3290:135
3099:hdl
3091:doi
2849:doi
2762:doi
2570:doi
2533:doi
2484:doi
2365:doi
2215:doi
2159:doi
1642:).
1520:DRC
1370:'s
1354:).
1187:Eve
1173:in
1113:or
869:Men
4217::
3464:.
3446:.
3435:^
3425:.
3411:^
3394:^
3376:^
3366:.
3352:^
3340:.
3326:^
3312:.
3302:.
3288:.
3284:.
3258:.
3234:14
3232:.
3220:^
3203:.
3167:^
3143:^
3115:.
3107:.
3097:.
3087:35
3085:.
3059:.
3041:.
3015:.
2990:.
2961:.
2936:,
2932:.
2907:.
2869:^
2855:.
2843:.
2839:.
2798:.
2776:.
2768:.
2758:24
2756:.
2719:.
2692:.
2641:.
2601:42
2599:.
2576:.
2566:31
2564:.
2539:.
2529:14
2527:.
2498:.
2490:.
2480:79
2478:.
2466:^
2458:20
2456:.
2450:.
2421:.
2395:.
2373:.
2361:58
2359:.
2353:.
2330:.
2301:.
2290:^
2273:.
2244:.
2209:.
2155:15
2153:.
2147:.
2067:.
2030:^
1808:.
1789:.
1687:,
1679:,
110:on
3811:e
3804:t
3797:v
3557:e
3550:t
3543:v
3474:.
3450:.
3429:.
3370:.
3346:.
3320:.
3296::
3269:.
3244:.
3214:.
3189:.
3123:.
3101::
3093::
3070:.
3045:.
3027:.
3001:.
2973:.
2892:.
2863:.
2851::
2845:8
2809:.
2784:.
2764::
2730:.
2704:.
2677:.
2652:.
2611:.
2584:.
2572::
2547:.
2535::
2506:.
2486::
2432:.
2406:.
2381:.
2367::
2316:.
2284:.
2259:.
2221:.
2217::
2211:5
2167:.
2161::
2129:.
2108:.
2082:.
1638:(
1616:)
1610:(
1605:)
1601:(
1587:.
1297:.
1099:e
1092:t
1085:v
685:e
678:t
671:v
92:)
86:(
81:)
77:(
63:.
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.