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staged at the Lyric as the complete cycle. This production was an "Inviting and imaginative production" that returned the narrative to its theatrical roots that a
Chicago Sun-Times reviewer of Das Rheingold called "eye-popping" The new production was "created by Sir David Pountney, with original set designs by ... Johan Engels overseen by Robert Innes Hopkins, costumes designed by Marie-Jeanne Lecca, lighting by Fabrice Kebour, and choreography by Denni Sayers." The production starred "Christine Goerke as Brünnhilde, Burkhard Fritz as Siegfried, Eric Owens as Wotan and the Wanderer, Samuel Youn as Alberich, Tanja Ariane Baumgartner as Fricka and Waltraute, Elisabet Strid ... and Laura Wilde ... as Sieglinde, Brandon Jovanovich as Froh/Siegmund, Stephen Milling as Hunding/Hagen, Ronnita Miller as Erda/First Norn, Stefan Margita ... and Robert Brubaker ... as Loge, Matthias Klink as Mime, Soloman Howard as Fafner, Henning von Schulman as Fasolt." Audio for the complete opera Die Walküre is available on YouTube Music, Amazon Music, SoundCloud, Deezer, and Spotify.
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3000:(who stepped in for Levine due to health issues). Lepage's staging was dominated by a 90,000 pound (40 tonne) structure which consisted of 24 identical aluminium planks able to rotate independently on a horizontal axis across the stage, providing level, sloping, angled or moving surfaces facing the audience. Bubbles, falling stones and fire were projected on to these surfaces, linked by computer with the music and movement of the characters. The subsequent HD recordings in 2013 won the Met's orchestra and chorus the
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1787:" (1851), in which he condemned the majority of modern artists, in painting and in music, as "feminine ... the world of art close fenced from Life, in which Art plays with herself.' Where however the impressions of Life produce an overwhelming 'poetic force', we find the 'masculine, the generative path of Art'.
3059:
The 2000s Ring cast included "James Morris as Wotan, Jane Eaglen as Brünnhilde, Plácido
Domingo as Siegmund, and Michelle DeYoung as Sieglinde." Lyric music director Andrew Davis conduct. The company ... revived the August Everding production that it presented nine years , restaged by Herbert Kellner
2006:
progressions. They musically denote an action, object, emotion, character, or other subject mentioned in the text or presented onstage. Wagner referred to them in "Opera and Drama" as "guides-to-feeling", describing how they could be used to inform the listener of a musical or dramatic subtext to the
1648:
Siegfried, wins the ring by slaying Fafner (who slew Fasolt for the ring) – as Wotan intended – but is eventually betrayed and slain as a result of the intrigues of
Alberich's son Hagen, who wants the ring for himself. Finally, the Valkyrie Brünnhilde – Siegfried's lover and Wotan's daughter who lost
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as Brünnhilde. Lepage's "Machine", as it affectionately became known, underwent major reconfiguration for the revival in order to dampen the creaking that it had produced in the past (to the annoyance of audience members and critics) and to improve its reliability, as it had been known to break down
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for long stretches, but rather in 'key regions', each of which flows smoothly into the following. This fluidity avoided the musical equivalent of clearly defined musical paragraphs and assisted Wagner in building the work's huge structures. Tonal indeterminacy was heightened by the increased freedom
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which played at the house over 22 years, the Met has confirmed that this controversial and expensive production will not return again, having lasted just shy of ten years at the house with only three complete cycles having been given. They announced it would be replaced by a new production in 2025,
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Individual works of the sequence are often performed separately, and indeed the operas contain dialogues that mention events in the previous operas, so that a viewer could watch any of them without having watched the previous parts and still understand the plot. However, Wagner intended them to be
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The most recent production's Das
Rheingold premiered in 2016, with subsequent Ring operas Die Walküre, Siegfried, and Götterdämmerung staged between 2017 and 2019. The subsequent "full Ring" performances in the spring of 2020 were cancelled due to the COVID-19 global pandemic and has never been
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premiered a musical comedy parody of the Ring Cycle called Das Barbecü, with book and lyrics by Jim Luigs and music by Scott
Warrender. It follows the outline of the cycle's plot but shifts the setting to Texas ranch country. It was later produced off-broadway and elsewhere around the world.
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her immortality for defying her father in an attempt to save
Siegfried's father Sigmund – returns the ring to the Rhine maidens as she commits suicide on Siegfried's funeral pyre. Hagen is drowned as he attempts to recover the ring. In the process, the gods and Valhalla are destroyed.
1905:
And now, O Nibelungen
Spectator, pluck up; for all allegories come to an end somewhere... The rest of what you are going to see is opera and nothing but opera. Before many bars have been played, Siegfried and the wakened Brynhild, newly become tenor and soprano, will sing a concerted
518:, in which to perform this work. The theatre has a special stage that blends the huge orchestra with the singers' voices, allowing them to sing at a natural volume. The result was that the singers did not have to strain themselves vocally during the long performances.
2609:. In 1872, he moved to Bayreuth and the foundation stone was laid. Wagner would spend the next two years attempting to raise capital for the construction, with scant success; King Ludwig finally rescued the project in 1874 by donating the needed funds. The
2027:
in this work. He wrote for a very large orchestra, using the whole range of instruments used singly or in combination to express the great range of emotion and events of the drama. Wagner even commissioned the production of new instruments, including the
3060:
with minor changes ... The bungee-jumping
Rhinemaidens and the Valkyries on trampolines from the original production, choreographed by Cirque du Soleil's Debra Brown ... returned. Sets and costumes by John Conklin; lighting by Duane Schuler."
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The mid-1990s production by August
Everding with choreography by Cirque du Soleil's Debra Brown was conducted by Zubin Mehta, with James Morris a Wotan and Eva Marton as Brünnhilde, Siegfried Jerusalem as Siegmund, and Tina Kiberg as Sieglinde.
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The music of the cycle is thick and richly textured, and grows in complexity as the cycle proceeds. Wagner wrote for an orchestra of gargantuan proportions, including a greatly enlarged brass section with new instruments such as the
422:
The cycle is a work of extraordinary scale. A full performance of the cycle takes place over four nights at the opera, with a total playing time of about 15 hours, depending on the conductor's pacing. The first and shortest work,
3117:) for a limited number of solo singers, each doubling several roles and 18 orchestral players. This version was subsequently given productions in the USA. A heavily cut-down version (7 hours plus intervals) was performed at the
490:, and several mythical creatures over the eponymous magic ring that grants domination over the entire world. The drama and intrigue continue through three generations of protagonists, until the final cataclysm at the end of
2457:. In the completed work the gods are destroyed in accordance with the new pessimistic thrust of the cycle, not redeemed as in the more optimistic originally planned ending. Wagner also decided to show onstage the events of
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3550:, edited by Barry Millington) which, as well as containing essays, including one on the source material which provides an English translation of the entire text that strives to remain faithful to the early medieval
2414:. Unlike the verses, which were written as it were in reverse order, the music would be composed in the same order as the narrative. Composition proceeded until 1857, when the final score up to the end of act 2 of
1881:
cycle: the problem of unifying verse stress with melody; the disjunctions caused by formal arias in dramatic structure and the way in which opera music could be organised on a different basis of organic growth and
1644:, or they will take Freia, who provides the gods with the golden apples that keep them young. Wotan's schemes to regain the ring, spanning generations, drive much of the action in the story. His grandson, the
2921:. Freyer staged an abstract production that was praised by many critics but criticized by some of its own stars. The production featured a raked stage, flying props, screen projections and special effects.
2757:, it replaced the depths of the Rhine with a hydroelectric power dam and featured grimy sets populated by men and gods in 19th and 20th century business suits. This drew heavily on the reading of the
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3152:, playing at the back of the stage. The singers acted in front of the orchestra, making an intimate approach to the dramatic situations possible. The project received international recognition.
2465:, which had hitherto only been presented as back-narration in the other two parts. These changes resulted in some discrepancies in the cycle, but these do not diminish the value of the work.
2709:
is a major undertaking for any opera company: staging four interlinked operas requires a huge commitment both artistically and financially; hence, in most opera houses, production of a new
2881:, it is Sieglinde and not Siegmund who manages to pull the sword Nothung out of a tree. At the end of the cycle, Brünnhilde does not die, but instead gives birth to Siegfried's child.
2799:. The production set the action in a world of nineteenth-century theatricality; it was initially controversial in 1985, it sold out its final performances in 1995. Conductors included
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2895:. The production uses imagery from various eras of American history and has a feminist and environmentalist viewpoint. Recent performances of this production took place at the
1806:, had plainly shown me what I must set before them if I sought to please. I completely undeceived their expectations; they left the theatre, after the first performance of
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heralded the production as "one of the best Rings anywhere in a long time." The production was presented again in
Melbourne from 21 November to 16 December 2016 starring
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and his verse draft of this was completed in May 1851. By October, he had made the momentous decision to embark on a cycle of four operas, to be played over four nights:
2724:
cycle stayed close to Wagner's original Bayreuth staging. Trends set at Bayreuth have continued to be influential. Following the closure of the Festspielhaus during the
1838:. The object of this production I shall consider thoroughly attained, if I and my artistic comrades, the actual performers, shall within these four evenings succeed in
2791:, 1985–1995: Directed by Francois Rochaix, with sets and costumes designed by Robert Israel, lighting by Joan Sullivan and supertitles (the first ever created for the
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in 1840/41 reveals that they were both outlining scenarios on the subject: Fanny wrote 'The hunt with Siegfried's death provides a splendid finale to the second act'.
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The Lyric Opera of Chicago has staged three complete Ring Cycles in the past four decades, with a cycle in the 1990s, the 2000s, and in the late 2010s.
1877:. The Wagner scholar Curt von Westernhagen identified three important problems discussed in "Opera and Drama" which were particularly relevant to the
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4832:("A Communication to My Friends" is on pp. 269–392.). Translated by William Ashton Ellis. Lincoln and London: University of Nebraska Press.
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2240:'s revolutionary break with the traditional concept of key and his dissolution of consonance as the basis of an organising principle in music.
1886:; and the function of musical motifs in linking elements of the plot whose connections might otherwise be inexplicit. This became known as the
3140:, followed by the other parts in the succeeding years and culminating with the complete cycle performed twice in 2019. The stage director was
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dealt with the death of Siegfried, the central heroic figure of the Nibelungenlied. The idea had occurred to others – the correspondence of
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2787:. It was performed twice each summer, once in German, once in Andrew Porter's English adaptation. Henry Holt conducted all performances.
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1783:. However he came to be dissatisfied with such a format as a means of artistic expression. He expressed this clearly in his essay "
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427:, has no interval and is one continuous piece of music typically lasting around two and a half hours, while the final and longest,
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2717:, where the complete cycle is performed most years, is unusual in that a new cycle is almost always created within a single year.
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and, remarkably, was able to pick up where he left off. In October, he completed the final work in the cycle. He chose the title
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the future of that partnership is uncertain due to budgetary cuts and poor audience response. Other options are being explored.
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1812:, in a confused and discontented mood. – The feeling of utter loneliness in which I now found myself, quite unmanned me... My
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to reach the low A-natural, whereas normally B-flat is the instrument's lowest note. If such a bell is not to be used, then a
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Alberich, and the ring in question is the one he fashions from the Rhinegold. The title therefore denotes "Alberich's Ring".
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for their performance. In 2019, the Metropolitan Opera revived the Lepage staging for the first time since 2013 with
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in 2013 at the Bavarian State Opera. Left to right: Gunther, the Rhinemaidens, Gutrune, Hagen, Brünnhilde, Siegfried
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In accordance with the ideas expressed in his essays of the period 1849–51 (including the "Communication" but also "
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tells the story from the viewpoint of Brünnhilde and has a distinct feminist angle. For example, in a key scene in
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At a specially-appointed Festival, I propose, some future time, to produce those three Dramas with their Prelude,
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2736:(known as the 'New Bayreuth' style), which emphasised the human aspects of the drama in a more abstract setting.
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Wagner had long desired to have a special festival opera house, designed by himself, for the performance of the
1771:) Wagner's style had been based, rather than on the Italian style of opera, on the German style as developed by
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1954:
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Millington, Barry (2008). "Der Ring des Nibelungen: conception and interpretation". In Grey, Thomas S. (ed.).
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cycle, but nevertheless with substantial differences. Later that year he began writing a libretto entitled
514:, and then mostly of men with just a few women. He eventually had a purpose-built theatre constructed, the
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and music over the course of about twenty-six years, from 1848 to 1874. The four parts that constitute the
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However, Wagner relaxed some aspects of his self-imposed restrictions somewhat as the work progressed. As
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cycle will happen over a number of years, with one or two operas in the cycle being added each year. The
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394:"marks the high-water mark of our art form, the most massive challenge any opera company can undertake."
2769:. Early performances were booed but the audience of 1980 gave it a 45-minute ovation in its final year.
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2552:, the first Bayreuth Brünnhilde, with Cocotte, the horse donated by King Ludwig to play her horse Grane
2393:; the text for all four parts was completed in December 1852 and privately published in February 1853.
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I propose to produce my myth in three complete dramas, preceded by a lengthy Prelude (Vorspiel). ...
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was a spoof of Wagner's operas. The show received a well-reviewed 1990 revival in New York at the
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in Italy was in Venice (the place where Wagner died), just two months after his 1883 death, at
2610:
2342:, a 12th-century High German poem which, since its rediscovery in 1755, had been hailed by the
2193:, as well as five onstage horns and four onstage steerhorns, one of them to be blown by Hagen.
1828:
more. As I have no wish to invent an arbitrary title for my works, I will call them Dramas ...
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31:
4452:"Der Kleine muss Ideen haben / Zeitreise durch vier Epochen: Richard Wagners "Ring" in Minden"
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4396:"Opera Review: Abridged staging of classic Wagner cycle rings true – Pittsburgh Post-Gazette"
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All four parts have a very similar instrumentation. The core ensemble of instruments are one
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The plot revolves around a magic ring that grants the power to rule the world, forged by the
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Wagner unfortunately found that his audiences were not willing to follow where he led them:
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4012:"Everything You Need to Know About the Met Opera's 2018-19 Revival of Wagner's Ring Cycle"
8:
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were subtitled First Day, Second Day and Third Day, respectively, of the trilogy proper.
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was completed. Wagner then laid the work aside for twelve years, during which he wrote
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were originally conceived by Wagner to be free of the traditional operatic concepts of
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cycle, summarizing the work in a single movement of an hour or so, have been made by
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in Buenos Aires on 26 November 2012 to mark the 200th anniversary of Wagner's birth.
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In 2003 the first production of the cycle in Russia in modern times was conducted by
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Perhaps the most famous modern production was the centennial production of 1976, the
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4485:"Minden / Stadttheater: Der Ring des Nibelungen – jetzt das gesamte Bühnenfestspiel"
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with fewer resources than usual. In 1990, the City of Birmingham Touring Opera (now
1910:; plunge on from that to a magnificent love duet...The work which follows, entitled
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431:, takes up to five hours, excluding intervals. The cycle is modelled after ancient
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as a revolutionary drama and critique of the modern world, famously expounded by
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On King Ludwig's insistence, and over Wagner's objections, "special previews" of
2332:("Siegfried's Death"). He was possibly stimulated by a series of articles in the
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1858:
1660:
456:
253:
6779:
4144:"Future of Metropolitan Opera's New Ring Cycle Uncertain Due to ENO Budget Cuts"
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2373:("The Young Siegfried", later renamed to "Siegfried"), to explain the events in
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by fusing elements from many German and Scandinavian myths and folk-tales. The
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4031:"The Met Opera Revives Robert LePage's Hi-Tech Staging of Wagner's Ring Cycle"
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2823:. Directed by Stephen Wadsworth, set designer Thomas Lynch, costume designer
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3821:"Patrice Chéreau and the bringing of dramatic conviction to the opera house"
2663:) was presented in an English-language production by the British travelling
1652:
Details of the storylines can be found in the articles on each music drama.
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2800:
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2008:
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This is his first public announcement of the form of what would become the
1692:
1610:
542:
510:. Remarkably, he uses a chorus only relatively briefly, in acts 2 and 3 of
503:
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on 26 June 1870. Wagner subsequently delayed announcing his completion of
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2839:, were released as a commercial recording on compact disc and on iTunes.
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By 1850, Wagner had completed a musical sketch (which he abandoned) for
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2783:, with designs by John Naccarato following the famous illustrations by
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2512: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
2278: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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with a double slide. He also developed the "Wagner bell", enabling the
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1577: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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performed in series. The first performance as a cycle opened the first
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1890:
technique (see below), although Wagner himself did not use this word.
1636:– steals the ring from Alberich, but is forced to hand it over to the
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The scale and scope of the story is epic. It follows the struggles of
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3866:"Mariinsky Theatre brings Ring Cycle to Covent Garden in Summer 2009"
3273:), is based in some of the same material Richard Wagner used for his
3040:. Unlike its beloved predecessor directed by Viennese opera director
2996:
before the entire cycle was given in the Spring of 2012 conducted by
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of spectators who shall have gathered together expressly to learn it.
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act 3 onwards, cannot be said to be in traditional, clearly defined
2032:, invented to fill a gap he found between the tone qualities of the
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5375:
5192:
5104:
2606:
2556:
2037:
1641:
1618:
869:
791:
746:
626:
550:
537:
407:
320:
4267:"Lyric Opera of Chicago's Monumental RING Cycle Begins April 2020"
4241:"Lyric embarks on new Ring Cycle with eye-popping 'Das Rheingold'"
2924:
2907:
as Brünnhilde, Daniel Brenna as Siegfried and Alan Held as Wotan.
6525:
6463:
5510:
5121:
4565:
3595:
2855:
2132:
2120:
2100:
2088:
2068:
2060:
2049:
2003:
1907:
738:
715:
678:
612:
4883:
1640:
Fafner and Fasolt in payment for building the home of the gods,
1632:. With the assistance of the god Loge, Wotan – the chief of the
529:
483:
288:" (stage festival play), structured in three days preceded by a
6565:
6515:
6510:
5206:
4855:
The Esoteric Wagner: An Introduction to Der Ring des Nibelungen
3583:
2815:, 2000–2013: the production, which became known as the "Green"
2545:
2140:
2128:
1796:
846:
777:
752:
698:
604:
6036:
5012:
The Ring of Truth: The Wisdom of Wagner's Ring of the Nibelung
3868:, Musicalcriticism.com 1 March 2009, retrieved 1 December 2011
2598:
to prevent this work also being premiered against his wishes.
2338:, inviting composers to write a 'national opera' based on the
1706:, which appears to have been the original inspiration for the
3907:. John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts. 22 May 2016
3793:"Patrice Chéreau, Opera, Stage and Film Director, Dies at 68"
2162:
2148:
2144:
2040:, as well as variations of existing instruments, such as the
1897:
sardonically (and slightly unfairly) noted of the last opera
1874:
1716:
has been the subject of myriad interpretations. For example,
1645:
1637:
1629:
875:
781:
773:
688:
657:
632:
598:
576:
546:
388:
on 17 August. Opera stage director Anthony Freud stated that
6990:
2605:. In 1871, he decided on a location in the Bavarian town of
5109:
4993:
Richard Wagner: Der Ring des Nibelungen: a companion volume
2136:
2072:
1870:
1664:
618:
590:
562:
487:
2775:
has created three different productions of the tetralogy:
2613:
opened in 1876 with the first complete performance of the
2139:
and a string section consisting of 16 first and 16 second
3571:
2891:
began a co-production of a new cycle in 2006 directed by
2831:; Armin Jordan conducted in 2000, Franz Vote in 2001 and
2627:
organized the first staging in the United Kingdom of the
4421:
3719:"Thomas Quinlan and the 'All Red' Ring: Australia, 1913"
3669:
3607:
2410:
In November 1853, Wagner began the composition draft of
402:
Wagner's title is most literally rendered in English as
296:("preliminary evening"). It is often referred to as the
4593:"Review/Theater; Just a Song at Twilight (of the Gods)"
4188:
Tribune, Chicago Tribune | Chicago (25 November 1993).
3518:
For a detailed examination of Wagner's sources for the
3339:"An epic beginning for Lyric's new Wagner 'Ring' cycle"
3291:
An adaptation of Wagner's storyline was published as a
3078:
in Melbourne, Australia, in November 2013, directed by
2185:
requires one onstage cor anglais and one onstage horn.
1840:
artistically conveying my purpose to the true Emotional
3036:
during earlier runs including on the opening night of
2968:
on opening night of the 2010/2011 Season conducted by
2835:
in 2005 and 2009. The 2013 performances, conducted by
6979:
4920:
Wagner's Ring: A Listener's Companion and Concordance
3559:
3221:
in 1953, characterized by camp humour and sharp wit.
3173:
3960:"Wagner star and director clash in US costume drama"
3879:"The Royal Danish Theatre - der Ring des Nibelungen"
2819:, was in part inspired by the natural beauty of the
1998:
and his subsequent works, Wagner adopted the use of
1816:
had appealed to a handful of intimate friends alone.
6734:
Das Nibelungenlied: Ein Heldenepos in 39 Abenteuern
3546:. Also useful is a translation by Stewart Spencer (
3522:and his treatment of them, see, among other works,
3356:
2960:cycle directed by French-Canadian theater director
2177:(played by the third clarinettist) and an on-stage
897:
3690:"From Beyond the Stave: The Lion roars for Wagner"
3687:
3045:however though originally in partnership with the
2869:cycle in May 2006 in its new waterfront home, the
2811:(1986) and Hermann Michael (1987, 1991 and 1995).
2728:, the 1950s saw productions by Wagner's grandsons
2369:. He now felt that he needed a preliminary opera,
609:Fricka's sister, goddess of love, youth and beauty
6809:
4419:
4317:"Bedeviled Ring Seemed Doomed, Then Curtain Rose"
2944:Modern costuming shown in closing bows following
2928:Modern costuming shown in closing bows following
266:. The works are based loosely on characters from
7003:
5504:Das Judenthum in der Musik (Jewishness in Music)
2899:in Washington D.C. in April/May 2016, featuring
5947:List of films using the music of Richard Wagner
5848:
4905:Richard Wagner: His Life, His Work, His Century
3987:"55th Annual Grammy Awards Nominees: Classical"
3155:
1794:The public, by their enthusiastic reception of
435:that were presented as three tragedies and one
4792:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 74–84.
4663:
4476:
3925:
3601:
2897:John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts
2236:, is often cited as a milestone on the way to
1836:in the course of three days and a fore-evening
6795:
6479:
6077:
5937:International Association of Wagner Societies
5548:
5137:
4689:I Saw the World End: A Study of Wagner's Ring
4319:. Classicalvoiceamerica.org. 14 December 2013
2230:and this feature, which is also prominent in
1700:draws from the 12th-century German poem, the
567:King of the Gods (god of light, air and wind)
5045:Disturbing the Universe: Wagner's Musikdrama
4767:Letters of Fanny Hensel to Felix Mendelssohn
3778:, Wagneropera.com, retrieved 2 December 2011
3755:"Productions – Wieland Wagner, New Bayreuth"
3213:recorded a twenty-two-minute version of the
389:
289:
283:
275:
232:
209:
197:
185:
172:
151:
133:
79:
67:
30:"Wotan" redirects here. For other uses, see
4757:
3663:
3130:staged the cycle on the small stage of the
1957:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
1765:In his earlier operas (up to and including
6802:
6788:
6486:
6472:
6084:
6070:
5184:
5144:
5130:
5029:Bayreuth: A History of the Wagner Festival
4830:The Art Work of the Future and Other Works
4783:
3818:
3613:
3548:Wagner's 'Ring of the Nibelung': Companion
3376:"Wagner in Russia: Ringing in the century"
3113:), presented a two-evening adaptation (by
720:Sieglinde's husband, chief of the Neidings
60:
4664:Burbidge, Peter; Sutton, Richard (1979).
4561:"The Ring of the Nibelungs (An analysis)"
4482:
4216:"Lyric Opera of Chicago Opens Ring Cycle"
3336:
2617:, which took place from 13 to 17 August.
2528:Learn how and when to remove this message
2475:List of Bayreuth Festival productions of
2294:Learn how and when to remove this message
1977:Learn how and when to remove this message
1593:Learn how and when to remove this message
880:his brother and Siegfried's foster father
637:Fricka's brother, god of spring/happiness
4922:. Portland, Oregon: Amadeus Press, 2001.
4449:
4443:
4213:
3031:rotating as Siegfried and Met homegrown
2939:
2923:
2678:
2564:in the first Bayreuth production in 1876
2555:
2544:
1730:as an essentially socialist critique of
1604:
4870:Penetrating Wagner's Ring: An Anthology
4715:: The Rise and Fall of a Musical Empire
4706:
4620:. Milwaukie, Oregon: Dark Horse Books.
4615:
4420:Samira Schellhaaß (27 September 2012).
4187:
4129:by Matthew Anderson, 12 November 2021,
4050:"Retooling the Met Opera's Problematic
4028:
3675:
3302:
2779:, 1975 to 1984: Originally directed by
2322:The Nibelung Myth as Sketch for a Drama
2023:Wagner made significant innovations in
857:his brother, later turned into a dragon
14:
7004:
4827:
4587:
4460:(in German). Frankfurt. Archived from
4047:
3787:
3713:
3688:Boydell and Brewer (2 December 2008).
3589:
3577:
3565:
1746:, as an account of the development of
1686:contains elements from the Eddur, the
662:the weavers of fate, daughters of Erda
27:Cycle of four operas by Richard Wagner
6783:
6467:
6419:It ain't over till the fat lady sings
6065:
5125:
4731:
4692:. New York: Oxford University Press.
4682:
4450:Oehrlein, Josef (27 September 2019).
4393:
4048:Cooper, Michael (21 September 2018).
3957:
3535:
3362:
3337:von Rhein, John (21 September 2016).
3251:The German two-part television movie
3209:English-Canadian comedian and singer
3002:Grammy Award for Best Opera Recording
2854:. The production drew parallels with
2674:
1624:Alberich from gold he stole from the
767:their half-brother and Alberich's son
521:
4930:Wagner's Ring: Turning the Sky Round
4806:
3819:Millington, Barry (8 October 2013).
3625:
2540:
2510:adding citations to reliable sources
2481:
2276:adding citations to reliable sources
2247:
2161:, one offstage harp and 18 offstage
2007:action onstage in the same way as a
1955:adding citations to reliable sources
1922:
1575:adding citations to reliable sources
1546:
6046:
3926:Diane Haithman (15 February 2009).
3776:"The 1976 Bayreuth Centennial Ring"
2671:, in Melbourne and Sydney in 1913.
2667:Opera Company, in conjunction with
2588:premiered on 22 September 1869 and
664:(contralto, mezzo-soprano, soprano)
282:. The composer termed the cycle a "
24:
6493:
5151:
5075:: Let's Hear It for the Home Team"
4976:Millington, Barry (editor) (2001)
4889:Wagner's Ring Cycle and the Greeks
4847:
4483:Brockmann, Sigi (8 October 2019).
3743:" 'Wagner and Us' Symposium"
3726:Context: Journal of Music Research
2018:
1668:supplied much of the material for
25:
7038:
5059:
4872:. New York: Da Capo Press, 1978.
4786:The Cambridge Companion to Wagner
4339:"It's a Wrap: The Melbourne Ring"
3628:, section: "Back to Opera Again".
3204:The Ring: An Orchestral Adventure
889:The Voice of a Woodbird (soprano)
581:Wotan's wife, goddess of marriage
6989:
6045:
6035:
6026:
6025:
5613:Männerlist größer als Frauenlist
5379:
5367:
5355:
5335:
5323:
5311:
5299:
5284:
5256:
5244:
5232:
2984:. The 2011/12 season introduced
2850:, Saint Petersburg, designed by
2486:
2252:
2002:, which are recurring themes or
1994:As a significant element in the
1927:
1800:and their cooler welcome of the
1655:Wagner created the story of the
1551:
898:List of characters by appearance
623:Fricka's brother, god of thunder
5047:. Edinburgh: Candle Row Press.
4857:, Berkeley: Regent Press, 2004
4609:
4581:
4553:
4527:
4505:
4413:
4387:
4357:
4331:
4309:
4284:
4259:
4233:
4214:Mattison, Ben (28 March 2005).
4207:
4181:
4156:
4137:
4123:"The Stakes Are Sky-High for a
4116:
4091:
4066:
4041:
4022:
4004:
3979:
3951:
3919:
3897:
3871:
3859:
3841:
3812:
3781:
3769:
3747:
3707:
3694:Frombeyondthestave.blogspot.com
3681:
3662:Letter of 9 December 1840. See
3656:
3631:
3512:
2976:as Wotan. This was followed by
2497:needs additional citations for
2468:
2263:needs additional citations for
2226:are used very liberally in the
2095:(fifth through eighth doubling
1562:needs additional citations for
6008:Richard Wagner Museum, Lucerne
5364:Die Meistersinger von Nürnberg
4903:Gregor-Dellin, Martin, (1983)
4892:. Cambridge University Press.
4823:– via Project Gutenberg.
4644:
4457:Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung
4394:Croan, Robert (18 July 2006).
4163:"Review: The Met Opera's Next
4152:Retrieved 18 October 2023.
3483:
3454:
3425:
3396:
3368:
3330:
3308:
2660:The Mastersingers of Nuremberg
2433:By 1869, Wagner was living at
2427:Die Meistersinger von Nürnberg
2243:
2119:; a percussion section with 4
2079:(doubling fourth oboe), three
1609:Illustration of Brünnhilde by
467:or "Preliminary Evening", and
13:
1:
6811:Helpmann Award for Best Opera
6715:Dark Kingdom: The Dragon King
5497:A Communication to My Friends
4790:Cambridge Companions to Music
4029:Goodwin, Jay (7 March 2019).
3928:"Achim Freyer is consumed by
3757:. Wagner Operas. 3 March 2012
3639:"The Instruments of the RING"
3254:Dark Kingdom: The Dragon King
3226:Ridiculous Theatrical Company
3150:Nordwestdeutsche Philharmonie
1989:
1785:A Communication to My Friends
1753:in the mind, leading towards
1740:Wagner's Ring And Its Symbols
384:on 13 August and ending with
4637:
4102:Is on the Met Opera's Radar"
3602:Burbidge & Sutton (1979)
2642:The first production of the
2396:
2320:In summer 1848 Wagner wrote
1914:, is a thorough grand opera.
647:goddess of wisdom/fate/Earth
7:
6445:Hitler: A Film from Germany
5747:Houston Stewart Chamberlain
5704:Bayreuth Festival Orchestra
5164:List of works for the stage
4950:. Oxford University Press,
4668:. London: Faber and Faber.
3526:'s unfinished study of the
3182:Orchestral versions of the
2306:
2196:
10:
7043:
7027:Libretti by Richard Wagner
5421:Das Liebesmahl der Apostel
5026:Spotts, Frederick, (1999)
4657:
4650:also known as The Wanderer
4616:Russell, P. Craig (2018).
3958:Adams, Guy (15 May 2010).
3219:Anna Russell Sings! Again?
3163:
3105:It is possible to perform
2917:cycle in 2010 directed by
2578:National Theatre in Munich
2472:
2406:: composition of the music
2400:
2335:Neue Zeitschrift für Musik
2310:
2103:, one bass trumpet, three
1865:"), the four parts of the
1820:Finally Wagner announces:
1760:
1742:interprets it in terms of
1513:
836:Flosshilde (mezzo-soprano)
818:Rossweisse (mezzo-soprano)
558:
417:
29:
6817:
6744:
6725:
6682:
6627:
6574:
6503:
6368:
6343:
6316:
6286:
6256:
6233:
6226:
6180:
6159:
6143:
6105:
6021:
5915:
5879:
5805:
5727:
5719:Richard Wagner Foundation
5674:
5649:
5584:
5541:
5483:The Artwork of the Future
5467:
5394:
5271:
5220:
5177:
5159:
5032:. Yale University Press.
3134:, beginning in 2015 with
3124:In a different approach,
2964:in 2010. Premiering with
2889:Washington National Opera
2720:Early productions of the
2580:, before the rest of the
2316:: composition of the text
2123:(requiring two players),
2013:theatre of ancient Greece
1863:The Artwork of the Future
1676:was largely based on the
849:(bass-baritone/high bass)
803:Waltraute (mezzo-soprano)
113:
105:
97:
89:
59:
48:
41:
6761:The Ring of the Nibelung
6753:The Ring of the Nibelung
6359:Expecting Someone Taller
5593:Die Laune des Verliebten
4868:Di Gaetani, John Louis,
4828:Wagner, Richard (1994).
4618:The Ring of the Nibelung
4603:Der Ring Gott Farblonjet
4127:Coming to the Met Opera"
3930:The Ring of the Nibelung
3234:Der Ring Gott Farblonjet
3174:Other treatments of the
3111:Birmingham Opera Company
2688:1976 Bayreuth production
2222:. Chromatically altered
1918:
1509:
812:Siegrune (mezzo-soprano)
806:Schwertleite (contralto)
404:The Ring of the Nibelung
397:
380:in 1876, beginning with
327:cycle are, in sequence:
241:The Ring of the Nibelung
163:13 August 1876
93:The Ring of the Nibelung
7012:Der Ring des Nibelungen
6839:Lady Macbeth of Mtsensk
6636:Der Ring des Nibelungen
6604:Lied vom Hürnen Seyfrid
6432:Der Ring des Nibelungen
6379:(Georg Solti recording)
6377:Der Ring des Nibelungen
6098:Der Ring des Nibelungen
5998:Wagner-Werk-Verzeichnis
5958:Nietzsche contra Wagner
5892:Richard Wagner Memorial
5887:Richard Wagner Monument
5281:Der Ring des Nibelungen
5229:Der fliegende Holländer
4991:Sabor, Rudolph, (1997)
4980:. Thames & Hudson,
4741:: Wagner and Philosophy
4292:"Listen to Die Walküre"
3730:University of Melbourne
3167:Der Ring des Nibelungen
3088:Classical Voice America
2992:with Voigt, Terfel and
2980:in April 2011 starring
2692:Der Ring des Nibelungen
2477:Der Ring des Nibelungen
2404:Der Ring des Nibelungen
2314:Der Ring des Nibelungen
2067:(third doubling second
1912:Night Falls on the Gods
1824:I shall never write an
1775:, with elements of the
1726:, argues for a view of
1518:Der Ring des Nibelungen
391:Der Ring des Nibelungen
234:Der Ring des Nibelungen
43:Der Ring des Nibelungen
6352:Der gerettete Alberich
5709:Bayreuth Festspielhaus
5043:Vernon, David, (2021)
4743:. Metropolitan Books.
4371:. 2013. Archived from
4369:birminghamopera.org.uk
3556:technique Wagner used.
3238:Lucille Lortel Theatre
3047:English National Opera
2949:
2937:
2873:. This version of the
2871:Copenhagen Opera House
2702:
2611:Bayreuth Festspielhaus
2565:
2553:
1916:
1848:
1818:
1614:
743:King of the Gibichungs
516:Bayreuth Festspielhaus
390:
290:
284:
276:
268:Germanic heroic legend
233:
222:Bayreuth Festspielhaus
210:
198:
186:
173:
152:
134:
80:
68:
32:Wotan (disambiguation)
6618:Biterolf und Dietleib
6413:The Perfect Wagnerite
6277:Ride of the Valkyries
5970:The Perfect Wagnerite
5564:Ride of the Valkyries
5490:Autobiographic Sketch
4978:The Wagner Compendium
4813:The Perfect Wagnerite
4535:"Anna Russell's Ring"
4167:Will Be a Sea Change"
4108:, 12 September 2023,
4098:"Review: This London
3316:"Wagner – Ring Cycle"
3259:Ring of the Nibelungs
3257:(2004, also known as
2943:
2927:
2865:performed a complete
2767:The Perfect Wagnerite
2755:Industrial Revolution
2682:
2653:The first Australian
2625:Alfred Schulz-Curtius
2559:
2548:
2473:Further information:
1903:
1822:
1792:
1723:The Perfect Wagnerite
1608:
1514:Further information:
815:Grimgerde (contralto)
6611:Rosengarten zu Worms
5169:List of compositions
4961:May, Thomas, (2004)
4808:Shaw, George Bernard
4708:Fifield, Christopher
4666:The Wagner Companion
4541:on 22 September 2019
4517:www.schott-music.com
4173:, 21 November 2021,
3303:References and notes
2934:Bavarian State Opera
2913:presented its first
2827:, lighting designer
2631:cycle, conducted by
2506:improve this article
2443:Ludwig II of Bavaria
2441:, sponsored by King
2272:improve this article
2056:should be employed.
1951:improve this section
1773:Carl Maria von Weber
1571:improve this article
410:of the title is the
369:Twilight of the Gods
5902:Wagner Ice Piedmont
5806:Cultural depictions
5797:Eva Wagner-Pasquier
5623:Wieland der Schmied
5525:Music of the Future
5401:Symphony in C major
4769:. Pendragon Press.
4717:. London: Ashgate.
4018:. 15 February 2018.
3604:, pp. 345–346.
3580:, pp. 336–337.
3532:I Saw the World End
3495:(Opera) Characters"
3466:(Opera) Characters"
3437:(Opera) Characters"
3408:(Opera) Characters"
3196:Der Ring ohne Worte
3132:Stadttheater Minden
3016:rotating as Wotan,
2885:San Francisco Opera
2763:George Bernard Shaw
2387:Der Junge Siegfried
2371:Der junge Siegfried
2214:with which he used
2109:contrabass trombone
2046:contrabass trombone
1895:George Bernard Shaw
1842:(not the Critical)
1718:George Bernard Shaw
833:Wellgunde (soprano)
780:and a small female
683:mortal son of Wotan
508:contrabass trombone
443:proper begins with
6699:The Dragon's Blood
6399:What's Opera, Doc?
6392:Der Ring in Minden
5982:Der Ring in Minden
5924:The Case of Wagner
5683:Bayreuther Blätter
5476:Art and Revolution
5395:Non-operatic music
5352:Tristan und Isolde
5080:The New York Times
5007:Scruton, Sir Roger
4759:Mendelssohn, Fanny
4598:The New York Times
4569:. 9 September 2015
4464:on 5 February 2021
4345:. 21 December 2016
4296:www.lyricopera.org
4271:www.lyricopera.org
4176:The New York Times
4150:, 17 January 2023
4146:by David Salazar,
4132:The New York Times
4111:The New York Times
4086:The New York Times
4077:Begins Its Finale"
4059:The New York Times
3798:The New York Times
3791:(7 October 2013).
3666:, pp. 299–301
3664:Mendelssohn (1987)
3643:www.lyricopera.org
3318:. Classic FM. 2020
3156:Recordings of the
3127:Der Ring in Minden
2954:Metropolitan Opera
2950:
2938:
2893:Francesca Zambello
2863:Royal Danish Opera
2703:
2686:performing at the
2675:Modern productions
2669:J. C. Williamson's
2576:were given at the
2566:
2554:
2421:Tristan und Isolde
2233:Tristan und Isolde
2205:, especially from
1744:Jungian psychology
1732:industrial society
1615:
830:Woglinde (soprano)
809:Helmwige (soprano)
800:Ortlinde (soprano)
797:Gerhilde (soprano)
784:of Gibichung women
522:List of characters
78:production of the
6977:
6976:
6823:The Eighth Wonder
6777:
6776:
6536:Dietrich von Bern
6461:
6460:
6339:
6338:
6324:
6294:
6264:
6241:
6059:
6058:
5875:
5874:
5699:Bayreuth Festival
5675:Bayreuth Festival
5670:
5669:
5645:
5644:
5638:
5637:(1858; text only)
5628:
5627:(1850; text only)
5618:
5608:
5598:
5585:Unfinished operas
5580:
5579:
5456:
5446:
5441:Wesendonck Lieder
5436:
5435:(1840, rev. 1855)
5426:
5416:
5405:
5390:
5389:
5346:
5345:
5267:
5266:
5216:
5215:
5067:Anthony Tommasini
4995:. Phaidon Press,
4965:. Amadeus Press,
4948:Aspects of Wagner
4932:. Amadeus Press,
4853:Besack, Michael,
4776:978-0-918728-52-4
4627:978-1-50670-919-2
4591:(13 April 1990).
4343:Classic Melbourne
4245:Chicago Sun-Times
4083:, 26 March 2009,
4081:Anthony Tommasini
3937:Los Angeles Times
3732:: 79–88 (82–84).
3678:, pp. 25–26.
3614:Millington (2008)
3267:Curse of the Ring
3188:Leopold Stokowski
3082:and conducted by
2994:Jay Hunter Morris
2911:Los Angeles Opera
2829:Peter Kaczorowski
2825:Martin Pakledinaz
2821:Pacific Northwest
2749:and conducted by
2715:Bayreuth Festival
2541:First productions
2538:
2537:
2530:
2445:. He returned to
2360:Felix Mendelssohn
2304:
2303:
2296:
2238:Arnold Schoenberg
2081:soprano clarinets
1987:
1986:
1979:
1781:Giacomo Meyerbeer
1603:
1602:
1595:
1507:
1506:
895:
894:
555:Other characters
378:Bayreuth Festival
319:Wagner wrote the
229:
228:
128:22 September 1869
124:22 September 1869
76:Bayreuth Festival
16:(Redirected from
7034:
6994:
6993:
6985:
6847:Dead Man Walking
6804:
6797:
6790:
6781:
6780:
6488:
6481:
6474:
6465:
6464:
6322:
6292:
6262:
6239:
6231:
6230:
6086:
6079:
6072:
6063:
6062:
6049:
6048:
6039:
6029:
6028:
5880:Named for Wagner
5849:Film adaptations
5846:
5845:
5777:Siegfried Wagner
5762:Katharina Wagner
5647:
5646:
5636:
5626:
5616:
5606:
5596:
5582:
5581:
5546:
5545:
5454:
5444:
5434:
5424:
5414:
5403:
5383:
5371:
5359:
5339:
5327:
5315:
5303:
5288:
5276:
5275:
5269:
5268:
5260:
5248:
5236:
5218:
5217:
5200:Das Liebesverbot
5182:
5181:
5146:
5139:
5132:
5123:
5122:
5114:A podcast about
5113:
5091:
5089:
5087:
5069:(21 July 2007).
4843:
4824:
4822:
4820:
4803:
4780:
4754:
4728:
4713:Ibbs and Tillett
4703:
4679:
4651:
4648:
4632:
4631:
4613:
4607:
4606:
4585:
4579:
4578:
4576:
4574:
4557:
4551:
4550:
4548:
4546:
4537:. Archived from
4531:
4525:
4524:
4519:. Archived from
4509:
4503:
4502:
4500:
4498:
4480:
4474:
4473:
4471:
4469:
4447:
4441:
4440:
4438:
4436:
4426:in Teatro Colón"
4417:
4411:
4410:
4408:
4406:
4400:post-gazette.com
4391:
4385:
4384:
4382:
4380:
4361:
4355:
4354:
4352:
4350:
4335:
4329:
4328:
4326:
4324:
4313:
4307:
4306:
4304:
4302:
4288:
4282:
4281:
4279:
4277:
4263:
4257:
4256:
4254:
4252:
4247:. 3 October 2016
4237:
4231:
4230:
4228:
4226:
4211:
4205:
4204:
4202:
4200:
4190:"'RING' MASTERY"
4185:
4179:
4160:
4154:
4153:
4141:
4135:
4120:
4114:
4095:
4089:
4070:
4064:
4063:
4045:
4039:
4038:
4026:
4020:
4019:
4008:
4002:
4001:
3999:
3997:
3983:
3977:
3976:
3974:
3972:
3955:
3949:
3948:
3946:
3944:
3923:
3917:
3916:
3914:
3912:
3901:
3895:
3894:
3892:
3890:
3885:on 26 April 2012
3881:. Archived from
3875:
3869:
3863:
3857:
3845:
3839:
3838:
3836:
3834:
3816:
3810:
3809:
3807:
3805:
3785:
3779:
3773:
3767:
3766:
3764:
3762:
3751:
3745:
3741:
3723:
3711:
3705:
3704:
3702:
3700:
3685:
3679:
3673:
3667:
3660:
3654:
3653:
3651:
3649:
3635:
3629:
3623:
3617:
3611:
3605:
3599:
3593:
3592:, p. 391 and n..
3587:
3581:
3575:
3569:
3563:
3557:
3516:
3510:
3509:
3507:
3505:
3487:
3481:
3480:
3478:
3476:
3458:
3452:
3451:
3449:
3447:
3429:
3423:
3422:
3420:
3418:
3400:
3394:
3393:
3391:
3389:
3372:
3366:
3360:
3354:
3353:
3351:
3349:
3334:
3328:
3327:
3325:
3323:
3312:
3297:P. Craig Russell
3224:Produced by the
3094:, Stefan Vinke,
3033:Christine Goerke
3026:
2901:Catherine Foster
2809:Manuel Rosenthal
2726:Second World War
2698:and directed by
2635:and directed by
2620:In 1882, London
2533:
2526:
2522:
2519:
2513:
2490:
2482:
2344:German Romantics
2299:
2292:
2288:
2285:
2279:
2256:
2248:
1982:
1975:
1971:
1968:
1962:
1931:
1923:
1736:Robert Donington
1734:and its abuses.
1598:
1591:
1587:
1584:
1578:
1555:
1547:
902:
901:
526:
525:
459:. Wagner called
393:
295:
287:
281:
236:
215:
208:
203:
196:
191:
184:
179:
178:
170:
168:
157:
150:
148:
140:
139:
131:
129:
83:
73:
64:
39:
38:
21:
7042:
7041:
7037:
7036:
7035:
7033:
7032:
7031:
7002:
7001:
7000:
6988:
6980:
6978:
6973:
6967:The Magic Flute
6813:
6808:
6778:
6773:
6740:
6721:
6678:
6664:Götterdämmerung
6623:
6583:Nibelungenklage
6570:
6499:
6492:
6462:
6457:
6385:Jahrhundertring
6364:
6335:
6319:Götterdämmerung
6312:
6307:Siegfried Idyll
6282:
6252:
6222:
6176:
6155:
6139:
6138:
6133:Götterdämmerung
6101:
6090:
6060:
6055:
6017:
5931:Gesamtkunstwerk
5911:
5897:Wagner (crater)
5871:
5844:
5801:
5792:Wolfgang Wagner
5787:Winifred Wagner
5742:Eva Chamberlain
5723:
5714:Jahrhundertring
5694:Bayreuth Circle
5666:
5641:
5576:
5537:
5532:Opera and Drama
5463:
5451:Siegfried Idyll
5386:
5342:
5332:Götterdämmerung
5263:
5221:Romantic operas
5212:
5178:Complete operas
5173:
5155:
5150:
5094:
5085:
5083:
5065:
5062:
4963:Decoding Wagner
4850:
4848:Further reading
4840:
4818:
4816:
4800:
4777:
4751:
4725:
4700:
4676:
4660:
4655:
4654:
4649:
4645:
4640:
4635:
4628:
4614:
4610:
4586:
4582:
4572:
4570:
4559:
4558:
4554:
4544:
4542:
4533:
4532:
4528:
4523:on 14 May 2016.
4511:
4510:
4506:
4496:
4494:
4490:Der Neue Merker
4481:
4477:
4467:
4465:
4448:
4444:
4434:
4432:
4418:
4414:
4404:
4402:
4392:
4388:
4378:
4376:
4375:on 5 March 2016
4365:"The Ring Saga"
4363:
4362:
4358:
4348:
4346:
4337:
4336:
4332:
4322:
4320:
4315:
4314:
4310:
4300:
4298:
4290:
4289:
4285:
4275:
4273:
4265:
4264:
4260:
4250:
4248:
4239:
4238:
4234:
4224:
4222:
4212:
4208:
4198:
4196:
4194:Chicago Tribune
4186:
4182:
4161:
4157:
4151:
4142:
4138:
4121:
4117:
4096:
4092:
4071:
4067:
4046:
4042:
4027:
4023:
4010:
4009:
4005:
3995:
3993:
3985:
3984:
3980:
3970:
3968:
3965:The Independent
3956:
3952:
3942:
3940:
3924:
3920:
3910:
3908:
3903:
3902:
3898:
3888:
3886:
3877:
3876:
3872:
3864:
3860:
3846:
3842:
3832:
3830:
3817:
3813:
3803:
3801:
3786:
3782:
3774:
3770:
3760:
3758:
3753:
3752:
3748:
3721:
3712:
3708:
3698:
3696:
3686:
3682:
3674:
3670:
3661:
3657:
3647:
3645:
3637:
3636:
3632:
3624:
3620:
3612:
3608:
3600:
3596:
3588:
3584:
3576:
3572:
3564:
3560:
3517:
3513:
3503:
3501:
3493:Götterdämmerung
3489:
3488:
3484:
3474:
3472:
3460:
3459:
3455:
3445:
3443:
3431:
3430:
3426:
3416:
3414:
3402:
3401:
3397:
3387:
3385:
3374:
3373:
3369:
3361:
3357:
3347:
3345:
3343:Chicago Tribune
3335:
3331:
3321:
3319:
3314:
3313:
3309:
3305:
3285:Götterdämmerung
3271:Sword of Xanten
3200:Henk de Vlieger
3180:
3171:
3162:
3100:Jacqueline Dark
3084:Pietari Inkinen
3068:Opera Australia
3029:Andreas Schager
3020:
3006:Philippe Jordan
2990:Götterdämmerung
2946:Götterdämmerung
2932:in 2013 at the
2848:Mariinsky Opera
2747:Patrice Chéreau
2742:Jahrhundertring
2734:Wolfgang Wagner
2700:Patrice Chéreau
2694:, conducted by
2677:
2543:
2534:
2523:
2517:
2514:
2503:
2491:
2480:
2471:
2451:Götterdämmerung
2408:
2399:
2346:as the "German
2318:
2309:
2300:
2289:
2283:
2280:
2269:
2257:
2246:
2199:
2187:Götterdämmerung
2117:contrabass tuba
2105:tenor trombones
2021:
2019:Instrumentation
1992:
1983:
1972:
1966:
1963:
1948:
1932:
1921:
1899:Götterdämmerung
1859:Opera and Drama
1803:Flying Dutchman
1763:
1698:Götterdämmerung
1599:
1588:
1582:
1579:
1568:
1556:
1545:
1542:Götterdämmerung
1516:Composition of
1512:
924:Götterdämmerung
900:
872:(bass-baritone)
693:his twin sister
595:demigod of fire
524:
512:Götterdämmerung
492:Götterdämmerung
477:Götterdämmerung
449:Götterdämmerung
429:Götterdämmerung
420:
400:
386:Götterdämmerung
364:Götterdämmerung
285:Bühnenfestspiel
272:legendary sagas
270:, namely Norse
254:German-language
225:
224:
219:
218:
212:Götterdämmerung
206:
194:
182:
171:
166:
164:
146:
144:
132:
127:
125:
85:
81:Bühnenfestspiel
74:from the first
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
7040:
7030:
7029:
7024:
7019:
7014:
6999:
6998:
6975:
6974:
6972:
6971:
6963:
6955:
6947:
6939:
6931:
6927:The Ring Cycle
6923:
6915:
6907:
6899:
6891:
6883:
6875:
6867:
6859:
6855:The Ring Cycle
6851:
6843:
6835:
6827:
6818:
6815:
6814:
6807:
6806:
6799:
6792:
6784:
6775:
6774:
6772:
6771:
6765:
6757:
6748:
6746:
6742:
6741:
6739:
6738:
6729:
6727:
6723:
6722:
6720:
6719:
6711:
6707:Die Nibelungen
6703:
6695:
6691:Die Nibelungen
6686:
6684:
6680:
6679:
6677:
6676:
6669:
6668:
6667:
6660:
6653:
6646:
6631:
6629:
6625:
6624:
6622:
6621:
6614:
6607:
6600:
6593:
6586:
6578:
6576:
6572:
6571:
6569:
6568:
6566:Etzel (Attila)
6563:
6558:
6553:
6548:
6543:
6538:
6533:
6528:
6523:
6518:
6513:
6507:
6505:
6501:
6500:
6496:Nibelungenlied
6491:
6490:
6483:
6476:
6468:
6459:
6458:
6456:
6455:
6448:
6441:
6436:
6428:
6421:
6416:
6409:
6402:
6395:
6388:
6381:
6372:
6370:
6366:
6365:
6363:
6362:
6355:
6347:
6345:
6341:
6340:
6337:
6336:
6334:
6333:
6327:
6325:
6314:
6313:
6311:
6310:
6303:
6297:
6295:
6284:
6283:
6281:
6280:
6273:
6267:
6265:
6254:
6253:
6251:
6250:
6244:
6242:
6228:
6224:
6223:
6221:
6220:
6213:
6210:Nibelungenlied
6206:
6199:
6192:
6184:
6182:
6178:
6177:
6175:
6174:
6169:
6163:
6161:
6157:
6156:
6154:
6153:
6147:
6145:
6141:
6140:
6137:
6136:
6129:
6122:
6115:
6107:
6106:
6103:
6102:
6093:Richard Wagner
6089:
6088:
6081:
6074:
6066:
6057:
6056:
6054:
6053:
6043:
6033:
6022:
6019:
6018:
6016:
6015:
6010:
6005:
6000:
5995:
5990:
5985:
5978:
5973:
5966:
5964:Parsifal bells
5961:
5954:
5949:
5944:
5939:
5934:
5927:
5919:
5917:
5913:
5912:
5910:
5909:
5904:
5899:
5894:
5889:
5883:
5881:
5877:
5876:
5873:
5872:
5870:
5869:
5861:
5852:
5850:
5843:
5842:
5834:
5830:Wagner's Dream
5826:
5818:
5809:
5807:
5803:
5802:
5800:
5799:
5794:
5789:
5784:
5782:Wieland Wagner
5779:
5774:
5769:
5764:
5759:
5754:
5749:
5744:
5739:
5737:Isolde Beidler
5733:
5731:
5725:
5724:
5722:
5721:
5716:
5711:
5706:
5701:
5696:
5691:
5689:Bayreuth canon
5686:
5678:
5676:
5672:
5671:
5668:
5667:
5665:
5664:
5659:
5653:
5651:
5643:
5642:
5640:
5639:
5629:
5619:
5609:
5599:
5588:
5586:
5578:
5577:
5575:
5574:
5567:
5560:
5552:
5550:
5549:Opera excerpts
5543:
5539:
5538:
5536:
5535:
5528:
5521:
5514:
5507:
5500:
5493:
5486:
5479:
5471:
5469:
5465:
5464:
5462:
5457:
5447:
5437:
5431:Faust Overture
5427:
5417:
5406:
5398:
5396:
5392:
5391:
5388:
5387:
5385:
5384:
5372:
5360:
5347:
5344:
5343:
5341:
5340:
5328:
5316:
5304:
5291:
5289:
5273:
5265:
5264:
5262:
5261:
5249:
5237:
5224:
5222:
5214:
5213:
5211:
5210:
5203:
5196:
5188:
5186:
5179:
5175:
5174:
5172:
5171:
5166:
5160:
5157:
5156:
5153:Richard Wagner
5149:
5148:
5141:
5134:
5126:
5120:
5119:
5092:
5061:
5060:External links
5058:
5057:
5056:
5053:978-1527299245
5041:
5024:
5015:. Penguin UK.
5004:
4989:
4974:
4959:
4941:
4923:
4918:Holman, J. K.
4916:
4901:
4884:Foster, Daniel
4881:
4866:
4849:
4846:
4845:
4844:
4839:978-0803297524
4838:
4825:
4804:
4799:978-0521644396
4798:
4781:
4775:
4755:
4749:
4729:
4724:978-1840142907
4723:
4704:
4698:
4680:
4674:
4659:
4656:
4653:
4652:
4642:
4641:
4639:
4636:
4634:
4633:
4626:
4608:
4580:
4552:
4526:
4504:
4475:
4442:
4430:Deutsche Welle
4412:
4386:
4356:
4330:
4308:
4283:
4258:
4232:
4206:
4180:
4171:Zachary Woolfe
4155:
4136:
4115:
4106:Zachary Woolfe
4090:
4065:
4040:
4021:
4003:
3978:
3950:
3918:
3896:
3870:
3858:
3840:
3811:
3780:
3768:
3746:
3706:
3680:
3676:Fifield (2005)
3668:
3655:
3630:
3618:
3606:
3594:
3582:
3570:
3568:, p. 287.
3558:
3511:
3482:
3453:
3424:
3395:
3384:. 12 June 2003
3367:
3365:, p. 109.
3355:
3329:
3306:
3304:
3301:
3263:Die Nibelungen
3230:Charles Ludlam
3217:for her album
3179:
3172:
3164:Main article:
3161:
3154:
3148:conducted the
3146:Frank Beermann
3092:Lise Lindstrom
3070:presented the
3010:Greer Grimsley
2844:Valery Gergiev
2797:Sonya Friedman
2785:Arthur Rackham
2745:, directed by
2676:
2673:
2637:Angelo Neumann
2550:Amalie Materna
2542:
2539:
2536:
2535:
2494:
2492:
2485:
2470:
2467:
2455:Siegfrieds Tod
2401:Main article:
2398:
2395:
2391:Siegfrieds Tod
2375:Siegfrieds Tod
2367:Siegfrieds Tod
2352:Siegfrieds Tod
2340:Nibelungenlied
2330:Siegfrieds Tod
2311:Main article:
2308:
2305:
2302:
2301:
2260:
2258:
2251:
2245:
2242:
2198:
2195:
2020:
2017:
1991:
1988:
1985:
1984:
1935:
1933:
1926:
1920:
1917:
1762:
1759:
1703:Nibelungenlied
1601:
1600:
1559:
1557:
1550:
1511:
1508:
1505:
1504:
1501:
1498:
1495:
1492:
1488:
1487:
1484:
1481:
1478:
1475:
1471:
1470:
1467:
1464:
1461:
1458:
1454:
1453:
1450:
1447:
1444:
1441:
1437:
1436:
1433:
1430:
1427:
1424:
1420:
1419:
1416:
1413:
1410:
1407:
1403:
1402:
1399:
1396:
1393:
1390:
1386:
1385:
1382:
1379:
1376:
1373:
1369:
1368:
1365:
1362:
1359:
1356:
1352:
1351:
1348:
1345:
1342:
1339:
1335:
1334:
1331:
1328:
1325:
1322:
1318:
1317:
1314:
1311:
1308:
1305:
1301:
1300:
1297:
1294:
1291:
1288:
1284:
1283:
1280:
1277:
1274:
1271:
1267:
1266:
1263:
1260:
1257:
1254:
1250:
1249:
1246:
1243:
1240:
1237:
1233:
1232:
1229:
1226:
1223:
1220:
1216:
1215:
1212:
1209:
1206:
1203:
1199:
1198:
1195:
1192:
1189:
1186:
1182:
1181:
1178:
1175:
1172:
1169:
1165:
1164:
1161:
1158:
1155:
1152:
1148:
1147:
1144:
1141:
1138:
1135:
1131:
1130:
1127:
1124:
1121:
1118:
1114:
1113:
1110:
1107:
1104:
1101:
1097:
1096:
1093:
1090:
1087:
1084:
1080:
1079:
1076:
1073:
1070:
1067:
1063:
1062:
1059:
1056:
1053:
1050:
1046:
1045:
1042:
1039:
1036:
1033:
1029:
1028:
1025:
1022:
1019:
1016:
1012:
1011:
1008:
1005:
1002:
999:
995:
994:
991:
988:
985:
982:
978:
977:
974:
971:
968:
965:
961:
960:
957:
954:
951:
948:
944:
943:
940:
937:
934:
931:
927:
926:
921:
916:
911:
906:
899:
896:
893:
892:
891:
890:
885:
884:
883:
873:
861:
860:
850:
838:
837:
834:
831:
821:
820:
819:
816:
813:
810:
807:
804:
801:
798:
795:
787:
786:
785:
770:
760:
750:
728:
727:
707:
706:
696:
686:
667:
666:
665:
654:
640:
630:
616:
602:
588:
574:
557:
556:
553:
540:
535:
532:
523:
520:
447:and ends with
419:
416:
399:
396:
373:
372:
360:
353:
341:
278:Nibelungenlied
264:Richard Wagner
227:
226:
220:
217:
216:
207:17 August 1876
204:
195:16 August 1876
192:
183:14 August 1876
180:
161:
158:
141:
122:
118:
117:
115:
111:
110:
107:
103:
102:
101:Richard Wagner
99:
95:
94:
91:
87:
86:
65:
57:
56:
54:Richard Wagner
46:
45:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7039:
7028:
7025:
7023:
7020:
7018:
7015:
7013:
7010:
7009:
7007:
6997:
6992:
6987:
6986:
6983:
6969:
6968:
6964:
6961:
6960:
6956:
6953:
6952:
6948:
6945:
6944:
6940:
6937:
6936:
6932:
6929:
6928:
6924:
6921:
6920:
6916:
6913:
6912:
6908:
6905:
6904:
6900:
6897:
6896:
6892:
6889:
6888:
6884:
6881:
6880:
6876:
6873:
6872:
6868:
6865:
6864:
6860:
6857:
6856:
6852:
6849:
6848:
6844:
6841:
6840:
6836:
6833:
6832:
6828:
6825:
6824:
6820:
6819:
6816:
6812:
6805:
6800:
6798:
6793:
6791:
6786:
6785:
6782:
6769:
6766:
6763:
6762:
6758:
6755:
6754:
6750:
6749:
6747:
6743:
6736:
6735:
6731:
6730:
6728:
6724:
6717:
6716:
6712:
6709:
6708:
6704:
6701:
6700:
6696:
6693:
6692:
6688:
6687:
6685:
6681:
6675:
6674:
6670:
6666:
6665:
6661:
6659:
6658:
6654:
6652:
6651:
6647:
6645:
6644:
6643:Das Rheingold
6640:
6639:
6638:
6637:
6633:
6632:
6630:
6626:
6620:
6619:
6615:
6613:
6612:
6608:
6606:
6605:
6601:
6599:
6598:
6597:Völsunga saga
6594:
6592:
6591:
6587:
6585:
6584:
6580:
6579:
6577:
6575:Related works
6573:
6567:
6564:
6562:
6559:
6557:
6554:
6552:
6549:
6547:
6544:
6542:
6539:
6537:
6534:
6532:
6529:
6527:
6524:
6522:
6519:
6517:
6514:
6512:
6509:
6508:
6506:
6502:
6498:
6497:
6489:
6484:
6482:
6477:
6475:
6470:
6469:
6466:
6454:
6453:
6449:
6447:
6446:
6442:
6440:
6437:
6435:
6433:
6429:
6427:
6426:
6422:
6420:
6417:
6415:
6414:
6410:
6408:
6407:
6403:
6401:
6400:
6396:
6394:
6393:
6389:
6387:
6386:
6382:
6380:
6378:
6374:
6373:
6371:
6367:
6361:
6360:
6356:
6354:
6353:
6349:
6348:
6346:
6342:
6332:
6329:
6328:
6326:
6321:
6320:
6315:
6309:
6308:
6304:
6302:
6299:
6298:
6296:
6291:
6290:
6285:
6278:
6274:
6272:
6269:
6268:
6266:
6261:
6260:
6255:
6249:
6246:
6245:
6243:
6238:
6237:
6236:Das Rheingold
6232:
6229:
6225:
6219:
6218:
6217:Thidreks saga
6214:
6212:
6211:
6207:
6205:
6204:
6200:
6198:
6197:
6193:
6191:
6190:
6189:Völsunga saga
6186:
6185:
6183:
6179:
6173:
6170:
6168:
6165:
6164:
6162:
6158:
6152:
6149:
6148:
6146:
6142:
6135:
6134:
6130:
6128:
6127:
6123:
6121:
6120:
6116:
6114:
6113:
6112:Das Rheingold
6109:
6108:
6104:
6100:
6099:
6094:
6087:
6082:
6080:
6075:
6073:
6068:
6067:
6064:
6052:
6044:
6042:
6038:
6034:
6032:
6024:
6023:
6020:
6014:
6011:
6009:
6006:
6004:
6001:
5999:
5996:
5994:
5993:Controversies
5991:
5989:
5988:Tristan chord
5986:
5984:
5983:
5979:
5977:
5974:
5972:
5971:
5967:
5965:
5962:
5960:
5959:
5955:
5953:
5950:
5948:
5945:
5943:
5940:
5938:
5935:
5933:
5932:
5928:
5926:
5925:
5921:
5920:
5918:
5914:
5908:
5905:
5903:
5900:
5898:
5895:
5893:
5890:
5888:
5885:
5884:
5882:
5878:
5868:
5866:
5862:
5860:
5858:
5854:
5853:
5851:
5847:
5841:
5839:
5835:
5832:
5831:
5827:
5824:
5823:
5819:
5816:
5815:
5811:
5810:
5808:
5804:
5798:
5795:
5793:
5790:
5788:
5785:
5783:
5780:
5778:
5775:
5773:
5770:
5768:
5765:
5763:
5760:
5758:
5757:Cosima Wagner
5755:
5753:
5750:
5748:
5745:
5743:
5740:
5738:
5735:
5734:
5732:
5730:
5729:Wagner family
5726:
5720:
5717:
5715:
5712:
5710:
5707:
5705:
5702:
5700:
5697:
5695:
5692:
5690:
5687:
5685:
5684:
5680:
5679:
5677:
5673:
5663:
5660:
5658:
5655:
5654:
5652:
5648:
5635:
5634:
5630:
5625:
5624:
5620:
5615:
5614:
5610:
5605:
5604:
5600:
5595:
5594:
5590:
5589:
5587:
5583:
5572:
5568:
5565:
5561:
5558:
5557:Bridal Chorus
5554:
5553:
5551:
5547:
5544:
5540:
5534:
5533:
5529:
5526:
5522:
5520:
5519:
5515:
5513:
5512:
5508:
5505:
5501:
5498:
5494:
5491:
5487:
5484:
5480:
5477:
5473:
5472:
5470:
5466:
5461:
5458:
5453:
5452:
5448:
5443:
5442:
5438:
5433:
5432:
5428:
5423:
5422:
5418:
5413:
5411:
5407:
5402:
5399:
5397:
5393:
5382:
5378:
5377:
5373:
5370:
5366:
5365:
5361:
5358:
5354:
5353:
5349:
5348:
5338:
5334:
5333:
5329:
5326:
5322:
5321:
5317:
5314:
5310:
5309:
5305:
5302:
5298:
5297:
5296:Das Rheingold
5293:
5292:
5290:
5287:
5283:
5282:
5277:
5274:
5270:
5259:
5255:
5254:
5250:
5247:
5243:
5242:
5238:
5235:
5231:
5230:
5226:
5225:
5223:
5219:
5209:
5208:
5204:
5202:
5201:
5197:
5195:
5194:
5190:
5189:
5187:
5183:
5180:
5176:
5170:
5167:
5165:
5162:
5161:
5158:
5154:
5147:
5142:
5140:
5135:
5133:
5128:
5127:
5124:
5117:
5111:
5107:
5106:
5101:
5099:
5093:
5082:
5081:
5076:
5074:
5071:"The 'Kirov'
5068:
5064:
5063:
5054:
5050:
5046:
5042:
5039:
5035:
5031:
5030:
5025:
5022:
5018:
5014:
5013:
5008:
5005:
5002:
4998:
4994:
4990:
4987:
4983:
4979:
4975:
4972:
4971:9781574670974
4968:
4964:
4960:
4957:
4953:
4949:
4945:
4942:
4939:
4938:9780879101862
4935:
4931:
4927:
4924:
4921:
4917:
4914:
4910:
4906:
4902:
4899:
4895:
4891:
4890:
4885:
4882:
4879:
4878:9780306804373
4875:
4871:
4867:
4864:
4863:9781587900747
4860:
4856:
4852:
4851:
4841:
4835:
4831:
4826:
4815:
4814:
4809:
4805:
4801:
4795:
4791:
4787:
4782:
4778:
4772:
4768:
4764:
4763:Marcia Citron
4760:
4756:
4752:
4746:
4742:
4740:
4739:Tristan chord
4734:
4730:
4726:
4720:
4716:
4714:
4709:
4705:
4701:
4695:
4691:
4690:
4685:
4684:Cooke, Deryck
4681:
4677:
4675:9780571114504
4671:
4667:
4662:
4661:
4647:
4643:
4629:
4623:
4619:
4612:
4604:
4600:
4599:
4594:
4590:
4584:
4568:
4567:
4562:
4556:
4540:
4536:
4530:
4522:
4518:
4514:
4508:
4492:
4491:
4486:
4479:
4463:
4459:
4458:
4453:
4446:
4431:
4427:
4425:
4416:
4401:
4397:
4390:
4374:
4370:
4366:
4360:
4344:
4340:
4334:
4318:
4312:
4297:
4293:
4287:
4272:
4268:
4262:
4246:
4242:
4236:
4221:
4217:
4210:
4195:
4191:
4184:
4178:
4177:
4172:
4168:
4166:
4159:
4149:
4145:
4140:
4134:
4133:
4128:
4126:
4119:
4113:
4112:
4107:
4103:
4101:
4094:
4088:
4087:
4082:
4078:
4076:
4073:"Traditional
4069:
4061:
4060:
4055:
4053:
4044:
4036:
4032:
4025:
4017:
4013:
4007:
3992:
3988:
3982:
3967:
3966:
3961:
3954:
3939:
3938:
3933:
3931:
3922:
3906:
3900:
3884:
3880:
3874:
3867:
3862:
3856:
3855:Seattle Opera
3852:
3850:
3844:
3828:
3827:
3822:
3815:
3800:
3799:
3794:
3790:
3789:Kozinn, Allan
3784:
3777:
3772:
3756:
3750:
3744:
3739:
3735:
3731:
3727:
3720:
3716:
3715:Murphy, Kerry
3710:
3695:
3691:
3684:
3677:
3672:
3665:
3659:
3644:
3640:
3634:
3627:
3622:
3616:, p. 80.
3615:
3610:
3603:
3598:
3591:
3590:Wagner (1994)
3586:
3579:
3578:Wagner (1994)
3574:
3567:
3566:Wagner (1994)
3562:
3555:
3554:
3549:
3545:
3544:Wagner Nights
3541:
3540:Ernest Newman
3537:
3533:
3529:
3525:
3521:
3515:
3500:
3496:
3494:
3486:
3471:
3467:
3465:
3457:
3442:
3438:
3436:
3428:
3413:
3409:
3407:
3406:Das Rheingold
3399:
3383:
3382:
3381:The Economist
3377:
3371:
3364:
3359:
3344:
3340:
3333:
3317:
3311:
3307:
3300:
3298:
3294:
3293:graphic novel
3289:
3287:
3286:
3281:
3280:
3276:
3272:
3268:
3264:
3260:
3256:
3255:
3249:
3246:
3245:Seattle Opera
3241:
3239:
3235:
3232:'s 1977 play
3231:
3227:
3222:
3220:
3216:
3212:
3207:
3205:
3201:
3198:) (1988) and
3197:
3193:
3189:
3185:
3177:
3170:
3168:
3159:
3153:
3151:
3147:
3143:
3139:
3138:
3137:Das Rheingold
3133:
3129:
3128:
3122:
3120:
3116:
3115:Jonathan Dove
3112:
3108:
3103:
3101:
3097:
3093:
3089:
3085:
3081:
3080:Neil Armfield
3077:
3076:State Theatre
3074:cycle at the
3073:
3069:
3065:
3061:
3057:
3053:
3050:
3048:
3043:
3039:
3034:
3030:
3024:
3019:
3015:
3014:Michael Volle
3011:
3007:
3003:
2999:
2995:
2991:
2987:
2983:
2982:Deborah Voigt
2979:
2975:
2971:
2967:
2966:Das Rheingold
2963:
2962:Robert Lepage
2959:
2955:
2947:
2942:
2935:
2931:
2926:
2922:
2920:
2916:
2912:
2908:
2906:
2902:
2898:
2894:
2890:
2886:
2882:
2880:
2876:
2872:
2868:
2864:
2859:
2857:
2853:
2852:George Tsypin
2849:
2845:
2840:
2838:
2834:
2830:
2826:
2822:
2818:
2814:
2810:
2806:
2802:
2798:
2794:
2790:
2786:
2782:
2781:George London
2778:
2774:
2773:Seattle Opera
2770:
2768:
2764:
2760:
2756:
2753:. Set in the
2752:
2751:Pierre Boulez
2748:
2744:
2743:
2737:
2735:
2731:
2727:
2723:
2718:
2716:
2712:
2708:
2701:
2697:
2696:Pierre Boulez
2693:
2689:
2685:
2684:Gwyneth Jones
2681:
2672:
2670:
2666:
2662:
2661:
2656:
2651:
2649:
2645:
2640:
2638:
2634:
2630:
2626:
2623:
2618:
2616:
2612:
2608:
2604:
2599:
2597:
2596:
2591:
2587:
2586:Das Rheingold
2583:
2579:
2575:
2571:
2570:Das Rheingold
2563:
2558:
2551:
2547:
2532:
2529:
2521:
2511:
2507:
2501:
2500:
2495:This section
2493:
2489:
2484:
2483:
2479:
2478:
2466:
2464:
2460:
2459:Das Rheingold
2456:
2452:
2448:
2444:
2440:
2436:
2431:
2429:
2428:
2423:
2422:
2417:
2413:
2412:Das Rheingold
2407:
2405:
2394:
2392:
2388:
2384:
2380:
2379:Das Rheingold
2376:
2372:
2368:
2363:
2361:
2357:
2353:
2349:
2348:national epic
2345:
2341:
2337:
2336:
2331:
2327:
2323:
2317:
2315:
2298:
2295:
2287:
2277:
2273:
2267:
2266:
2261:This section
2259:
2255:
2250:
2249:
2241:
2239:
2235:
2234:
2229:
2225:
2221:
2217:
2212:
2208:
2204:
2194:
2192:
2188:
2184:
2180:
2176:
2172:
2169:requires one
2168:
2164:
2160:
2159:Das Rheingold
2156:
2154:
2153:double basses
2150:
2146:
2142:
2138:
2134:
2130:
2126:
2122:
2118:
2114:
2113:bass trombone
2110:
2106:
2102:
2098:
2094:
2090:
2086:
2085:bass clarinet
2082:
2078:
2074:
2070:
2066:
2062:
2057:
2055:
2054:contrabassoon
2051:
2047:
2043:
2039:
2035:
2031:
2026:
2025:orchestration
2016:
2014:
2010:
2005:
2001:
1997:
1981:
1978:
1970:
1960:
1956:
1952:
1946:
1945:
1941:
1936:This section
1934:
1930:
1925:
1924:
1915:
1913:
1909:
1902:
1900:
1896:
1891:
1889:
1885:
1880:
1876:
1873:and operatic
1872:
1868:
1864:
1860:
1855:
1853:
1847:
1845:
1844:Understanding
1841:
1837:
1832:
1829:
1827:
1821:
1817:
1815:
1811:
1810:
1805:
1804:
1799:
1798:
1791:
1788:
1786:
1782:
1778:
1774:
1770:
1769:
1758:
1756:
1755:individuation
1752:
1749:
1745:
1741:
1737:
1733:
1729:
1725:
1724:
1719:
1715:
1711:
1709:
1705:
1704:
1699:
1695:
1694:
1689:
1688:Völsunga saga
1685:
1681:
1680:
1679:Völsunga saga
1675:
1671:
1670:Das Rheingold
1667:
1666:
1662:
1658:
1653:
1650:
1647:
1643:
1639:
1635:
1631:
1628:in the river
1627:
1626:Rhine maidens
1623:
1620:
1612:
1607:
1597:
1594:
1586:
1576:
1572:
1566:
1565:
1560:This section
1558:
1554:
1549:
1548:
1544:
1543:
1538:
1537:
1532:
1531:
1526:
1525:
1524:Das Rheingold
1520:
1519:
1502:
1499:
1496:
1493:
1490:
1489:
1485:
1482:
1479:
1476:
1473:
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1425:
1422:
1421:
1417:
1414:
1411:
1408:
1405:
1404:
1400:
1397:
1394:
1391:
1389:The Woodbird
1388:
1387:
1383:
1380:
1377:
1374:
1371:
1370:
1366:
1363:
1360:
1357:
1354:
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1319:
1315:
1312:
1309:
1306:
1303:
1302:
1298:
1295:
1292:
1289:
1287:Schwertleite
1286:
1285:
1281:
1278:
1275:
1272:
1269:
1268:
1264:
1261:
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1255:
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1196:
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1187:
1184:
1183:
1179:
1176:
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1162:
1159:
1156:
1153:
1150:
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1136:
1133:
1132:
1128:
1125:
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1119:
1116:
1115:
1111:
1108:
1105:
1102:
1099:
1098:
1094:
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1088:
1085:
1082:
1081:
1077:
1074:
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1068:
1065:
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1026:
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1020:
1017:
1014:
1013:
1009:
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1003:
1000:
997:
996:
992:
989:
986:
983:
980:
979:
975:
972:
969:
966:
963:
962:
958:
955:
952:
949:
946:
945:
941:
938:
935:
932:
929:
928:
925:
922:
920:
917:
915:
912:
910:
909:Das Rheingold
907:
904:
903:
888:
887:
886:
881:
877:
874:
871:
868:
867:
866:
865:
858:
854:
851:
848:
845:
844:
843:
842:
835:
832:
829:
828:
827:
826:
822:
817:
814:
811:
808:
805:
802:
799:
796:
793:
790:
789:
788:
783:
779:
776:of Gibichung
775:
771:
768:
764:
761:
758:
754:
751:
748:
744:
740:
737:
736:
735:
734:
733:
725:
721:
717:
714:
713:
712:
711:
704:
700:
697:
694:
690:
687:
684:
680:
677:
676:
675:
674:
673:
668:
663:
659:
655:
652:
648:
644:
641:
638:
634:
631:
628:
624:
620:
617:
614:
610:
606:
603:
600:
596:
592:
589:
586:
585:mezzo-soprano
582:
578:
575:
572:
571:bass-baritone
568:
564:
561:
560:
559:
554:
552:
548:
544:
541:
539:
536:
533:
531:
528:
527:
519:
517:
513:
509:
505:
501:
495:
493:
489:
485:
480:
478:
474:
470:
466:
462:
461:Das Rheingold
458:
454:
450:
446:
442:
438:
434:
430:
426:
425:Das Rheingold
415:
413:
409:
405:
395:
392:
387:
383:
382:Das Rheingold
379:
370:
366:
365:
361:
359:
358:
354:
351:
347:
346:
342:
339:
338:The Rhinegold
335:
334:
333:Das Rheingold
330:
329:
328:
326:
322:
317:
315:
314:
309:
308:
302:
300:
294:
293:
286:
280:
279:
273:
269:
265:
261:
258:
255:
251:
247:
243:
242:
237:
235:
223:
214:
213:
205:
202:
201:
193:
190:
189:
181:
177:
176:
175:Das Rheingold
162:
159:
156:
155:
142:
138:
137:
136:Das Rheingold
123:
121:Individually:
120:
119:
116:
112:
108:
104:
100:
96:
92:
88:
82:
77:
72:
71:
70:Das Rheingold
63:
58:
55:
51:
47:
44:
40:
37:
33:
19:
6965:
6957:
6949:
6941:
6933:
6926:
6925:
6917:
6909:
6901:
6895:Peter Grimes
6893:
6885:
6877:
6869:
6861:
6854:
6853:
6845:
6837:
6829:
6821:
6767:
6759:
6751:
6732:
6713:
6705:
6697:
6689:
6671:
6662:
6655:
6648:
6641:
6635:
6634:
6616:
6609:
6602:
6595:
6588:
6581:
6494:
6452:Harlock Saga
6450:
6443:
6431:
6423:
6411:
6404:
6397:
6390:
6383:
6376:
6357:
6350:
6317:
6305:
6287:
6257:
6234:
6215:
6208:
6201:
6194:
6187:
6151:Rhinemaidens
6131:
6124:
6117:
6110:
6097:
6096:
6003:Museo Wagner
5980:
5976:Rhinemaidens
5968:
5956:
5929:
5922:
5864:
5856:
5837:
5828:
5821:
5814:Wagner Dream
5812:
5767:Minna Wagner
5752:Ludwig Geyer
5681:
5657:Holztrompete
5631:
5621:
5611:
5603:Die Hochzeit
5601:
5591:
5530:
5516:
5509:
5460:Kaisermarsch
5449:
5439:
5429:
5419:
5409:
5374:
5362:
5350:
5330:
5318:
5306:
5294:
5280:
5279:
5272:Music dramas
5251:
5239:
5227:
5205:
5198:
5191:
5115:
5103:
5097:
5084:. Retrieved
5078:
5072:
5044:
5027:
5010:
4992:
4977:
4962:
4947:
4944:Magee, Bryan
4929:
4926:Lee, M. Owen
4919:
4907:. Harcourt,
4904:
4887:
4869:
4854:
4829:
4817:. Retrieved
4812:
4785:
4766:
4736:
4733:Magee, Bryan
4711:
4688:
4665:
4646:
4617:
4611:
4602:
4596:
4583:
4571:. Retrieved
4564:
4555:
4545:22 September
4543:. Retrieved
4539:the original
4529:
4521:the original
4516:
4513:"Arquivo.pt"
4507:
4497:13 September
4495:. Retrieved
4488:
4478:
4466:. Retrieved
4462:the original
4455:
4445:
4433:. Retrieved
4423:
4415:
4403:. Retrieved
4399:
4389:
4377:. Retrieved
4373:the original
4368:
4359:
4347:. Retrieved
4342:
4333:
4321:. Retrieved
4311:
4299:. Retrieved
4295:
4286:
4274:. Retrieved
4270:
4261:
4249:. Retrieved
4244:
4235:
4223:. Retrieved
4219:
4209:
4197:. Retrieved
4193:
4183:
4174:
4164:
4158:
4147:
4139:
4130:
4124:
4118:
4109:
4099:
4093:
4084:
4074:
4068:
4057:
4051:
4043:
4034:
4024:
4015:
4006:
3994:. Retrieved
3990:
3981:
3969:. Retrieved
3963:
3953:
3941:. Retrieved
3935:
3929:
3921:
3909:. Retrieved
3905:"Ring Cycle"
3899:
3887:. Retrieved
3883:the original
3873:
3861:
3851:performances
3848:
3843:
3831:. Retrieved
3826:The Guardian
3824:
3814:
3802:. Retrieved
3796:
3783:
3771:
3759:. Retrieved
3749:
3725:
3709:
3697:. Retrieved
3693:
3683:
3671:
3658:
3646:. Retrieved
3642:
3633:
3621:
3609:
3597:
3585:
3573:
3561:
3551:
3547:
3543:
3531:
3527:
3524:Deryck Cooke
3519:
3514:
3502:. Retrieved
3498:
3492:
3485:
3473:. Retrieved
3469:
3463:
3456:
3444:. Retrieved
3440:
3434:
3427:
3415:. Retrieved
3411:
3405:
3398:
3388:20 September
3386:. Retrieved
3379:
3370:
3358:
3346:. Retrieved
3342:
3332:
3322:12 September
3320:. Retrieved
3310:
3290:
3283:
3277:
3275:music dramas
3270:
3266:
3262:
3258:
3252:
3250:
3242:
3233:
3223:
3218:
3214:
3211:Anna Russell
3208:
3203:
3195:
3192:Lorin Maazel
3183:
3181:
3175:
3166:
3157:
3135:
3125:
3123:
3119:Teatro Colón
3106:
3104:
3096:Amber Wagner
3087:
3071:
3066:
3062:
3058:
3054:
3051:
3037:
3018:Stefan Vinke
3008:conducting,
2989:
2985:
2977:
2970:James Levine
2965:
2957:
2956:began a new
2951:
2945:
2929:
2919:Achim Freyer
2914:
2909:
2883:
2878:
2874:
2866:
2860:
2841:
2833:Robert Spano
2816:
2812:
2804:
2801:Armin Jordan
2792:
2788:
2776:
2771:
2766:
2758:
2740:
2738:
2721:
2719:
2710:
2706:
2704:
2691:
2658:
2654:
2652:
2643:
2641:
2628:
2619:
2614:
2602:
2600:
2593:
2589:
2585:
2581:
2573:
2569:
2567:
2562:Rhinemaidens
2524:
2515:
2504:Please help
2499:verification
2496:
2476:
2469:Performances
2462:
2458:
2454:
2450:
2446:
2439:Lake Lucerne
2432:
2425:
2419:
2415:
2411:
2409:
2403:
2390:
2386:
2382:
2378:
2374:
2370:
2366:
2364:
2351:
2333:
2329:
2325:
2321:
2319:
2313:
2290:
2281:
2270:Please help
2265:verification
2262:
2231:
2227:
2220:chromaticism
2206:
2202:
2201:Much of the
2200:
2186:
2182:
2166:
2158:
2157:
2097:Wagner tubas
2058:
2042:bass trumpet
2022:
2011:did for the
2009:Greek chorus
1995:
1993:
1973:
1964:
1949:Please help
1937:
1911:
1904:
1898:
1892:
1878:
1866:
1856:
1851:
1849:
1843:
1839:
1835:
1833:
1830:
1825:
1823:
1819:
1813:
1807:
1801:
1795:
1793:
1789:
1766:
1764:
1739:
1727:
1721:
1713:
1712:
1707:
1701:
1697:
1696:. The final
1693:Thidrekssaga
1691:
1687:
1683:
1677:
1673:
1669:
1663:
1656:
1654:
1651:
1616:
1611:Odilon Redon
1589:
1580:
1569:Please help
1564:verification
1561:
1541:
1535:
1529:
1523:
1517:
923:
918:
913:
908:
879:
863:
862:
856:
840:
839:
825:Rhinemaidens
824:
823:
766:
756:
742:
730:
729:
719:
709:
708:
702:
692:
682:
670:
669:
661:
646:
636:
622:
608:
594:
580:
566:
543:Rhinemaidens
511:
504:bass trumpet
496:
491:
481:
476:
472:
468:
464:
460:
452:
448:
444:
440:
433:Greek dramas
428:
424:
421:
403:
401:
385:
381:
374:
368:
362:
355:
350:The Valkyrie
349:
343:
337:
331:
324:
318:
312:
311:
310:, or simply
306:
304:
298:
297:
262:composed by
260:music dramas
240:
239:
231:
230:
147:26 June 1870
143:26 June 1870
50:Music dramas
42:
36:
7017:1876 operas
6764:(2000-2001)
6756:(1989-1990)
6745:Comic Books
6710:(1966/1967)
6650:Die Walküre
6590:Poetic Edda
6434:discography
6425:Gods of War
6331:discography
6301:discography
6271:discography
6259:Die Walküre
6248:discography
6196:Poetic Edda
6160:Composition
6119:Die Walküre
6051:WikiProject
5907:3992 Wagner
5867:(1982 film)
5859:(1904 film)
5840:(1986 film)
5833:(2012 film)
5825:(1983 film)
5772:Nike Wagner
5662:Wagner tuba
5542:Other opera
5308:Die Walküre
5185:Early works
4589:Gussow, Mel
4493:(in German)
4468:6 September
3996:10 February
3626:Shaw (1898)
3435:Die Walküre
3295:in 2018 by
3206:), (1991).
3169:discography
3042:Otto Schenk
3021: [
2998:Fabio Luisi
2978:Die Walküre
2974:Bryn Terfel
2905:Nina Stemme
2879:Die Walküre
2858:mythology.
2837:Asher Fisch
2805:Die Walküre
2633:Anton Seidl
2590:Die Walküre
2574:Die Walküre
2463:Die Walküre
2453:instead of
2383:Die Walküre
2244:Composition
2189:requires a
2167:Die Walküre
2077:cor anglais
2030:Wagner tuba
1777:grand opera
1748:unconscious
1674:Die Walküre
1530:Die Walküre
1355:Rossweisse
1219:Brünnhilde
1083:Flosshilde
914:Die Walküre
500:Wagner tuba
469:Die Walküre
445:Die Walküre
345:Die Walküre
188:Die Walküre
160:As a cycle:
154:Die Walküre
90:Translation
66:Scene 1 of
7006:Categories
6887:Billy Budd
6541:Hildebrand
6504:Characters
6203:Prose Edda
6144:Characters
5952:Musikdrama
5650:Inventions
5633:Die Sieger
5518:Mein Leben
5241:Tannhäuser
5038:0712652779
5021:1468315498
5001:0714836508
4986:0500282749
4956:0192840126
4913:0151771510
4898:0521517397
4750:0805067884
4699:0193153181
4573:8 February
4435:17 January
4148:Opera Wire
4016:Opera Wire
3991:Grammy.com
3889:3 December
3833:11 October
3536:Cooke 2000
3504:24 October
3499:StageAgent
3475:24 October
3470:StageAgent
3446:24 October
3441:StageAgent
3417:24 October
3412:StageAgent
3363:Magee 2001
3142:Gerd Heinz
2807:in 1985),
2622:impresario
2518:April 2017
2284:April 2017
2216:dissonance
2191:tenor drum
2175:D clarinet
2171:snare drum
2111:(doubling
2000:leitmotifs
1990:Leitmotifs
1967:April 2017
1884:modulation
1814:Tannhäuser
1809:Tannhäuser
1751:archetypes
1583:April 2017
1406:The Norns
1372:Siegfried
1338:Grimgerde
1270:Waltraute
1185:Sieglinde
1066:Wellgunde
905:Character
792:Brünnhilde
757:his sister
732:Gibichungs
437:satyr play
167:1876-08-13
98:Librettist
18:Ring Cycle
6943:Agrippina
6935:Faramondo
6911:Moby-Dick
6903:Partenope
6768:Siegfried
6657:Siegfried
6516:Kriemhild
6511:Siegfried
6289:Siegfried
6126:Siegfried
6013:Wahnfried
5942:Leitmotif
5838:Wahnfried
5571:Liebestod
5320:Siegfried
5253:Lohengrin
5009:, (2016)
4946:, (1988)
4928:, (1994)
4886:, (2010)
4638:Footnotes
4349:23 August
3804:8 October
3738:1038-4006
3464:Siegfried
3279:Siegfried
3243:In 1991,
3038:Rheingold
2986:Siegfried
2936:in Munich
2930:Siegfried
2648:La Fenice
2595:Siegfried
2447:Siegfried
2435:Tribschen
2416:Siegfried
2397:The music
2207:Siegfried
2183:Siegfried
2179:steerhorn
2099:), three
2071:), three
1938:does not
1888:leitmotif
1779:style of
1768:Lohengrin
1684:Siegfried
1661:Old Norse
1536:Siegfried
1321:Siegrune
1304:Helmwige
1253:Ortlinde
1236:Gerhilde
1168:Siegmund
1134:Alberich
1049:Woglinde
919:Siegfried
864:Nibelungs
794:(soprano)
759:(soprano)
703:their son
699:Siegfried
695:(soprano)
689:Sieglinde
651:contralto
551:Nibelungs
538:Valkyries
473:Siegfried
453:Rheingold
357:Siegfried
305:Wagner's
248:86, is a
200:Siegfried
6879:Arabella
6561:Nibelung
6556:Alberich
6546:Giselher
6531:Brunhild
6439:Tarnhelm
6031:Category
5865:Parsifal
5857:Parsifal
5468:Writings
5412:Overture
5376:Parsifal
5193:Die Feen
5116:The Ring
5105:Radiolab
5098:The Ring
4819:29 April
4810:(1898).
4761:(1987).
4735:(2001).
4710:(2005).
4686:(2000).
4605:review).
4405:5 August
4379:5 August
4323:29 April
4220:Playbill
4054:Machine"
4035:Playbill
3971:29 April
3943:29 April
3911:29 April
3829:. London
3761:29 April
3717:(2014).
3699:29 April
3553:Stabreim
3107:The Ring
2856:Ossetian
2607:Bayreuth
2584:. Thus,
2307:The text
2197:Tonality
2125:triangle
2101:trumpets
2091:; eight
2089:bassoons
2087:, three
2063:, three
2038:trombone
2036:and the
2004:harmonic
1728:The Ring
1714:The Ring
1672:, while
1642:Valhalla
1619:Nibelung
1474:Vassals
1440:Gutrune
1423:Gunther
1202:Hunding
870:Alberich
747:baritone
710:Neidings
679:Siegmund
672:Wälsungs
627:baritone
534:Mortals
465:Vorabend
408:Nibelung
321:libretto
313:The Ring
292:Vorabend
274:and the
252:of four
114:Premiere
106:Language
6871:Rusalka
6831:Batavia
6737:(novel)
6551:Rüdiger
6526:Gunther
6369:Related
6344:Sequels
5916:Related
5817:(opera)
5511:Leubald
5410:Polonia
5112:. 2004.
5086:10 July
4765:(ed.).
4658:Sources
4566:YouTube
4301:23 July
4276:23 July
4251:23 July
4225:23 July
4199:23 July
3648:28 June
3538:), and
3348:17 June
2846:at the
2730:Wieland
2665:Quinlan
2141:violins
2133:tam-tam
2129:cymbals
2121:timpani
2115:), one
2069:piccolo
2061:piccolo
2050:bassoon
1959:removed
1944:sources
1908:cadenza
1861:" and "
1854:cycle.
1761:Concept
1117:Fafner
1100:Fasolt
998:Donner
947:Fricka
882:(tenor)
778:vassals
772:A male
753:Gutrune
739:Gunther
716:Hunding
705:(tenor)
685:(tenor)
639:(tenor)
613:soprano
457:prelude
451:, with
418:Content
165: (
145: (
126: (
84:in 1876
7022:Operas
6982:Portal
6970:(2019)
6962:(2018)
6959:Hamlet
6954:(2017)
6946:(2016)
6938:(2015)
6930:(2014)
6922:(2013)
6919:Salome
6914:(2012)
6906:(2011)
6898:(2010)
6890:(2009)
6882:(2008)
6874:(2007)
6866:(2006)
6863:Flight
6858:(2005)
6850:(2004)
6842:(2003)
6834:(2002)
6826:(2001)
6770:(2007)
6718:(2004)
6702:(1957)
6694:(1924)
6673:Sigurd
6628:Operas
6323:(1876)
6293:(1876)
6263:(1870)
6240:(1869)
6227:Cycles
6181:Source
5822:Wagner
5617:(1838)
5607:(1832)
5597:(1830)
5455:(1870)
5445:(1858)
5425:(1843)
5415:(1836)
5404:(1832)
5207:Rienzi
5100:and I"
5051:
5036:
5019:
4999:
4984:
4969:
4954:
4936:
4911:
4896:
4876:
4861:
4836:
4796:
4773:
4747:
4721:
4696:
4672:
4624:
3736:
3728:(39).
3144:, and
2813:Ring 3
2789:Ring 2
2777:Ring 1
2224:chords
2173:, one
2163:anvils
2151:and 8
2149:cellos
2145:violas
2135:; six
2107:, one
2083:, one
2065:flutes
2044:and a
1875:chorus
1797:Rienzi
1646:mortal
1638:giants
1613:, 1885
1539:, and
1491:Women
1457:Hagen
981:Freia
930:Wotan
859:(bass)
853:Fafner
847:Fasolt
841:Giants
769:(bass)
619:Donner
577:Fricka
549:&
547:Giants
488:heroes
439:. The
406:. The
109:German
6996:Opera
6726:Books
6683:Films
6521:Hagen
6167:Music
6041:Audio
4422:"The
3722:(PDF)
3178:cycle
3160:cycle
3025:]
2972:with
2795:) by
2657:(and
2356:Fanny
2147:, 12
2143:, 12
2137:harps
2093:horns
2073:oboes
1919:Music
1826:Opera
1720:, in
1630:Rhine
1622:dwarf
1510:Story
1151:Mime
1032:Erda
1015:Froh
964:Loge
782:choir
774:choir
763:Hagen
658:Norns
605:Freia
599:tenor
563:Wotan
455:as a
412:dwarf
398:Title
301:cycle
250:cycle
6951:Saul
6406:Ring
6172:Text
5110:WNYC
5088:2020
5073:Ring
5049:ISBN
5034:ISBN
5017:ISBN
4997:ISBN
4982:ISBN
4967:ISBN
4952:ISBN
4934:ISBN
4909:ISBN
4894:ISBN
4874:ISBN
4859:ISBN
4834:ISBN
4821:2017
4794:ISBN
4771:ISBN
4745:ISBN
4737:The
4719:ISBN
4694:ISBN
4670:ISBN
4622:ISBN
4575:2024
4547:2019
4499:2017
4470:2019
4437:2016
4424:Ring
4407:2013
4381:2013
4351:2017
4325:2017
4303:2024
4278:2024
4253:2024
4227:2024
4201:2024
4165:Ring
4125:Ring
4100:Ring
4075:Ring
4052:Ring
3998:2013
3973:2017
3945:2017
3913:2017
3891:2011
3849:Ring
3835:2013
3806:2013
3763:2017
3734:ISSN
3701:2017
3650:2023
3528:Ring
3520:Ring
3506:2023
3477:2023
3448:2023
3419:2023
3390:2018
3350:2017
3324:2020
3282:and
3269:and
3215:Ring
3184:Ring
3176:Ring
3158:Ring
3098:and
3072:Ring
3027:and
3012:and
2988:and
2958:Ring
2952:The
2915:Ring
2903:and
2887:and
2875:Ring
2867:Ring
2861:The
2817:Ring
2793:Ring
2759:Ring
2732:and
2722:Ring
2711:Ring
2707:Ring
2705:The
2655:Ring
2644:Ring
2629:Ring
2615:Ring
2603:Ring
2582:Ring
2572:and
2560:The
2461:and
2424:and
2389:and
2358:and
2326:Ring
2228:Ring
2218:and
2211:keys
2203:Ring
2034:horn
1996:Ring
1942:any
1940:cite
1879:Ring
1871:aria
1867:Ring
1852:Ring
1708:Ring
1690:and
1665:Edda
1657:Ring
1634:gods
1503:Yes
1486:Yes
1469:Yes
1452:Yes
1435:Yes
1418:Yes
1398:Yes
1384:Yes
1381:Yes
1361:Yes
1344:Yes
1327:Yes
1310:Yes
1293:Yes
1282:Yes
1276:Yes
1259:Yes
1242:Yes
1231:Yes
1228:Yes
1225:Yes
1208:Yes
1191:Yes
1174:Yes
1160:Yes
1154:Yes
1146:Yes
1143:Yes
1137:Yes
1126:Yes
1120:Yes
1103:Yes
1095:Yes
1086:Yes
1078:Yes
1069:Yes
1061:Yes
1052:Yes
1041:Yes
1035:Yes
1018:Yes
1001:Yes
984:Yes
967:Yes
953:Yes
950:Yes
939:Yes
936:Yes
933:Yes
876:Mime
724:bass
656:The
643:Erda
633:Froh
591:Loge
530:Gods
506:and
484:gods
475:and
441:Ring
325:Ring
307:Ring
299:Ring
257:epic
6095:'s
4169:by
4104:by
4079:by
3542:'s
2765:in
2690:of
2508:by
2437:on
2350:".
2274:by
1953:by
1738:in
1573:by
1500:No
1497:No
1494:No
1483:No
1480:No
1477:No
1466:No
1463:No
1460:No
1449:No
1446:No
1443:No
1432:No
1429:No
1426:No
1415:No
1412:No
1409:No
1401:No
1395:No
1392:No
1378:No
1375:No
1367:No
1364:No
1358:No
1350:No
1347:No
1341:No
1333:No
1330:No
1324:No
1316:No
1313:No
1307:No
1299:No
1296:No
1290:No
1279:No
1273:No
1265:No
1262:No
1256:No
1248:No
1245:No
1239:No
1222:No
1214:No
1211:No
1205:No
1197:No
1194:No
1188:No
1180:No
1177:No
1171:No
1163:No
1157:No
1140:No
1129:No
1123:No
1112:No
1109:No
1106:No
1092:No
1089:No
1075:No
1072:No
1058:No
1055:No
1044:No
1038:No
1027:No
1024:No
1021:No
1010:No
1007:No
1004:No
993:No
990:No
987:No
976:No
973:No
970:No
959:No
956:No
942:No
246:WWV
244:),
52:by
7008::
5108:.
5102:.
5077:.
4788:.
4595:.
4563:.
4515:.
4487:.
4454:.
4428:.
4398:.
4367:.
4341:.
4294:.
4269:.
4243:.
4218:.
4192:.
4056:.
4033:.
4014:.
3989:.
3962:.
3934:.
3853:,
3823:.
3795:.
3724:.
3692:.
3641:.
3530:,
3497:.
3468:.
3439:.
3410:.
3378:.
3341:.
3299:.
3288:.
3265:,
3261:,
3240:.
3228:,
3190:,
3102:.
3086:.
3023:de
2650:.
2639:.
2430:.
2385:,
2381:,
2181:.
2165:.
2155:.
2131:,
2127:,
2075:,
2015:.
1901::
1757:.
1710:.
1682:.
1533:,
1527:,
1521:,
878:,
855:,
765:,
755:,
741:,
718:,
701:,
691:,
681:,
660:,
645:,
635:,
621:,
607:,
593:,
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565:,
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502:,
494:.
486:,
471:,
463:a
316:.
303:,
6984::
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6085:e
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5555:"
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5506:"
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4280:.
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4000:.
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3893:.
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