270:
217:
The UNESCO pressured the
Egyptian government, causing in 1995 the halting of the construction of that part of the road. A UNESCO committee recommended in 1995 to by follow the Mariutiya Canal or the El Mansuriya Canal, thus passing the road North of the plateau. In 2002 there were discussions about building an underpass or a tunnel.
258:
sand, there are too few of them and people have to travel long distances through bad roads to reach the nearest entry. It's a problem for pedestrians because there are no sideways, no pedestrian crossings, no pedestrian bridges, and no protected sideways for people who are waiting for public transportation.
182:
region. It was unsuccessful, with the urbanization tripling in amount and the remaining arable land inside the perimeter being to all effects condemned to urbanization. There were also negative effects, like settlements being cut in two parts, with the outer part getting isolated. It also helped rich
216:
alerted the world that the construction was probably destroying ancient burial sites since no proper controls were made. Also, it would pass by the South of the Giza plateau, isolating it from the open desert by surrounding it with roads on its four sides and bringing enormous urbanistical pressure.
257:
said that lack of public transport, bad design and lack of maintenance have caused the road to be congested and a "death trap" for drivers. For example, the entries and exits are too narrow, they are in bad state, they transition too abruptly from sandy roads, they are in bad state or covered with
324:
A third master plan was prepared in 1983. (...) It envisaged the completion of the beltway, or "Ring Road", which would encircle the urban area along only three-fourths of its circumference (73 kilometers) so as not to encourage the urban development of agricultural
225:
The total length of the ring road in 2001 was about 72 km (45 mi) with more than 50% on desert land, 15% in urbanized area, and 35% on arable land. The highway has eight lanes. The total budget for the project was
98:
Construction began in the late 1980s. It was originally planned to surround the
Greater Cairo region from three of its four sides, but part of the road remains unbuilt because the original route took it very near the
169:
It was left unfinished due to part of the road passing too near the
Pyramids of Giza (see other section in this article). The Egyptian government planned to close it by building a road over the Marioteya waterway.
158:
There were three master plans for the urban development of Cairo, in 1956, 1970 and 1983. The Ring Road first appeared in the second plan as a beltway encompassing the eastern (Cairo) sector of the
166:
and in collaboration with France, it appeared as a 73 km (45 mi) long beltway. It would connect the new 16 administrative regions of the city and would isolate them from the rural areas.
715:
115:
340:
Galila El Kadi, Dalia
Elkerdany (2006). "Belle-epoque Cairo: The politics of refurbishing the downtown business district". In Diane Singerman, Paul Amar (ed.).
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and the government of Egypt found that the city was still severely congestioned, and identified many problematic spots, many of them on the Ring Road.
436:"The National Urban Development Plan In the Arab republic of Egypt. Chapter: The Project Of Developing El-remaya Square And The SurroundingAreas"
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region, and linking all the 16 administrative regions that the plan created. In the third master plan, approved in 1984 under the government of
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469:
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Connecting all of these new areas, away from areas of arable land, is a seventy-three-kilometer automotive beltway, called the Ring Road.
758:
443:
Implementing the connection of the eastern and western arcs of the ring road (El
Maroteya axes). It will be finished through 24 months.
698:
671:
615:
504:
477:
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people create luxury urbanizations outside of the main city nucleus, following the example of
American cities like
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What happened to participation? Urban development and authoritarian upgrading in Cairo's informal neighbourhoods
283:
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Ring Road had the main purpose of stopping the urbanization of arable lands by creating a barrier around the
237:
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since 1979. It had two purposes: stopping the urbanization of arable lands, and reducing Cairo's traffic.
782:
521:
607:
Mega cities: the
European Space Agency's contribution to a better understanding of a global challenge
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777:
139:
688:
494:
661:
143:
634:
686:
8:
787:
207:
108:
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The State of
African Cities 2008: A Framework for Addressing Urban Challenges in Africa
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563:"VII. 34 Memphis and its necropolis -- the Pyramid Fields from Giza to Dashur (Egypt)"
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694:
667:
611:
500:
473:
435:
383:
347:
313:
131:
714:
ECORYS Nederland BV and SETS Lebanon, managed by a World Bank team (November 2010),
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Cairo cosmopolitan: politics, culture, and urban space in the globalized Middle East
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84:
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that encircles most of the contiguous metropolitan area of the cities of
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119:
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72:
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World
Congress, Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat (2001).
382:(illustrated ed.). Harvard University Press. pp. 263–264.
586:
346:(illustrated ed.). American Univ in Cairo Press. p. 371.
690:
Tall buildings and urban habitat: cities in the third millennium
434:
Ministry of
Housing, Utilities & Urban Development (n.d.).
339:
312:(illustrated ed.). Harvard University Press. p. 351.
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A secondary purpose was to reduce the traffic inside the city.
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and straying away from the European model of compact cities.
92:
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commenced, enclosing the larger metropolitan area including
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Decision - 19COM VII.C.2.35/36 - SOC: Islamic Cairo (Egypt)
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569:, UNESCO, 4 December 1995, p. 24 in original document
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Second and third ring roads have been proposed for Cairo.
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Ring Road's original route in 1984 took it very near the
543:"Egypt threatened over roads 'vandalism' near pyramids"
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Environmental challenges in the Mediterranean 2000-2050
717:
Cairo Traffic Congestion Study. Phase 1. Final Report.
493:
Antonio Marquina Barrio and Antonio Marquina (2004).
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660:United Nations Human Settlements Programme (2009).
610:. GEOSPACE Beckel Satellitenb. GmbH. p. 78.
769:
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375:
761:from the American University in Cairo Press.
635:"Transport Planning: Greater Cairo Ring Road"
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536:
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367:
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522:"Ancient and modern Egypt come face to face"
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735:"Cairo's Ring Road becomes a death trap"
770:
629:
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597:
448:
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246:In 2010, a report commissioned by the
693:. Taylor & Francis. p. 283.
541:Nicholas Schoon (19 December 1994),
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193:
114:In the early 2000s, planning for a
13:
14:
799:
752:
589:, 6–12 June 2002, archived from
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202:, an area which has been on the
103:, an area which has been on the
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150:, which was completed in 2018.
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236:The ring road connects to the
1:
733:Aya Nabil (13 October 2013),
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284:Trans-African Highway network
240:, near the pyramids at Giza.
7:
261:
10:
804:
666:. UN-HABITAT. p. 66.
520:Samir Gharib (June 1997),
379:Cairo: Histories of a City
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153:
499:. Springer. p. 340.
52:
47:
43:
33:
28:
23:
238:Cairo–Alexandria highway
220:
376:Nezar Alsayyad (2011).
641:. ACE Moharram.Bakhoum
604:Lothar Beckel (2001).
462:Elena Piffero (2009).
306:André Raymond (2000).
140:Qalyubiyya Governorate
468:. Libera la ricerca.
210:since 1979. In 1994,
582:Underpass or tunnel?
16:Road in Cairo, Egypt
414:www.egypt-cairo.com
208:World Heritage List
109:World Heritage List
57:Transport in Egypt
783:Transport in Cairo
593:on 23 October 2012
472:. pp. 92–93.
116:regional ring road
700:978-0-415-23241-8
673:978-92-1-132015-2
617:978-3-85313-051-3
506:978-1-4020-1949-4
479:978-88-96026-18-2
410:"Cairo Ring Road"
389:978-0-674-04786-0
353:978-977-424-928-0
319:978-0-674-00316-3
132:Cairo Governorate
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194:Giza controversy
148:Giza Governorate
85:Shubra Al-Kheima
71:is a 100km long
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213:The Independent
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69:Cairo Ring Road
24:Cairo Ring Road
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778:Roads in Egypt
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753:External links
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740:The Cairo Post
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526:UNESCO courier
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441:. p. 38.
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255:The Cairo Post
231:3 billion
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144:6th of October
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48:Highway system
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643:. Retrieved
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591:the original
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417:. Retrieved
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276:Egypt portal
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185:Los Angeles
788:Ring roads
772:Categories
290:References
248:World Bank
120:El Shorouk
91:region in
470:Odoya srl
253:In 2013,
124:New Cairo
87:, in the
73:ring road
763:(origin)
587:Al-Ahram
551:, London
262:See also
29:Location
645:25 June
419:25 June
174:Purpose
154:History
146:in the
138:in the
130:in the
34:Country
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670:
614:
503:
476:
386:
350:
325:zones.
316:
204:UNESCO
128:Helwan
105:UNESCO
721:(PDF)
439:(PDF)
309:Cairo
221:Other
136:Obour
93:Egypt
77:Cairo
38:Egypt
695:ISBN
668:ISBN
647:2012
612:ISBN
501:ISBN
474:ISBN
421:2012
384:ISBN
348:ISBN
314:ISBN
142:and
126:and
83:and
81:Giza
67:The
759:Map
206:'s
107:'s
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737:,
637:.
626:^
585:,
565:,
545:,
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524:,
450:^
412:.
401:^
392:.
362:^
332:^
322:.
298:^
233:.
229:EÂŁ
134:,
122:,
95:.
79:,
703:.
676:.
649:.
620:.
509:.
482:.
423:.
356:.
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