57:
44:
348:
often eaten as a substitute for potato or sweet potato. Although they are rarely seen because the vegetative reproduction is predominant, the plant also has yellow flowers. These flowers are two-lipped, and are on the short and crowded branches. While the plant is in flower the stems are leafless.
418:
The tubers have been planted in small plots of 10 by 10 m. In these small plots they were planted between young eucalyptus trees, using a mixed cropping system that had vegetables like amaranthus and cucurbits. They have also been intercropped with maize but that proved to be unsuccessful. Yields
347:
The species is a perennial dicot herb and a member of the mint family. It can grow to be as tall as 2 metres. Some of the branches on the base bend down and grow into the ground that then can form oblong tubers, which are the fleshy underground stems. These tubers are edible and nutritious,
339:, but able to give greater yields. Although the crop is similar to a potato, it is from the mint family, but it is still quite nutritious and useful. This crop can benefit many subsistence farmers since it is native, easy to grow, enjoying growing popularity in the market, and quite nutritious.
422:
Some cultivated tubers can weigh up to 1.8 kg. Yields of 2-6 tonnes per hectare have been reported. As well as yields of 70 tons per hectare were documented when the leaves could be harvested. They were harvested on a two-week interval and over a period of six weeks. Yields will depend on
377:
since prehistoric times, it is a crop that is still relevant today. The negative perception of this native crop has decreased the cultivation. However, the social stigma is starting to diminish and it has started being grown for the commercial markets in Africa. In French the crop's name is
410:
can adapt well to various environmental conditions but does best in local environmental conditions where there has been a history of cultivation, such as
Southern Africa. People who are trained in a community are able to manage the production of
512:
In 2001-2002 farmers were able to sell 250 g of this crop for up to rand 5 (US$ 1), which is higher than the price of an Irish potato. Communities can also sell the cooked leaves for rand 7 (US$ 1.30). There is a cash demand for
352:
has fleshy leaves, on angular stems. These leaves have brown gland-dots underneath and toothed edges. The tubers of this plant are quite important since that is the part of the crop that is used for sale, and farmer exchange.
435:
can be harvested 180–200 days after it has been planted. The ideal soil to grow this tuber is a pH of 6.5-7, with an annual rainfall of 700–1100 mm. The ideal photoperiod for the tubers is between 12.5 and 13 hours.
464:
are often used as a substitute for a potato or sweet potato. Directly after cultivation it can be boiled or roasted. The stems have been used to sweeten gruel (porridge). The leaves can be cooked in sauces as well.
539:
Paton, Alan J.; Mwanyambo, Montfort; Govaerts, Rafaël H.A.; Smitha, Kokkaraniyil; Suddee, Somran; Phillipson, Peter B.; Wilson, Trevor C.; Forster, Paul I. & Culham, Alastair (2019). "Nomenclatural changes in
368:
to southern tropical Africa. It was also first cultivated in the Upper Niger valley of the
Hausaland in Nigeria and in the Central African Republic. Its cultivation has been largely displaced by the spread of
477:
The fleshy underground stems, the tubers are the part of the plant that is consumed. This tuber crop is considered to be superior to other tuber crops in terms of its food value. In 100g there is:
406:
for humans. These tubers are nutritious and easy to grow and are becoming easier to sell. The tubers can remain viable underground even when the plant is not able to produce leaves.
452:
has stored six seed collections and the germination testing has been successful. The seeds are dried, packaged and kept at below zero temperature in a seed vault.
768:
Allemann, James; Pieter Snyman Hammes (2006). "Effect of photoperiod on tuberization in the
Livingstone potato ( Plectranthus esculentus NE Br. Lamiaceae)".
431:
The species is propagated from tubers as well as small axillary bulbils. The tubers are planted in the spring when harvest can occur the following autumn.
373:, which was introduced by the Portuguese to Africa from South America about 500 years ago. Although it is seen as a "lost crop" of Africa, and it was
1241:
1032:
1332:
1267:
469:
has been said to help with digestive problems also used to treat stomach ache and abdominal pain. It has also been used as anthelminthics.
701:
1306:
1189:
980:
1254:
1202:
1045:
993:
643:
634:
1401:
591:
1259:
1050:
1406:
880:
Lukhoba, Catherine W.; Monique S.J. Simmonds; Alan J. Paton (2006). "Plectranthus: A review of ethnobotanical uses".
826:
1272:
802:
Kyesmu, P.M. (1994). "Plectranthus
Esculentus n.e.br. a Minor Tuber Crop in Dire Need of Rescue from Extinction".
1228:
1019:
1324:
1063:
639:
449:
1131:
1207:
998:
856:
625:
1319:
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374:
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56:
1311:
1168:
595:
1246:
1037:
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705:
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173:
17:
423:
weather conditions and the various types of soil so it is important to keep these in mind.
365:
335:
316:
8:
1358:
1337:
1298:
1084:
568:
306:
202:
51:
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967:
905:
897:
822:
573:
1363:
1155:
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777:
563:
553:
333:, where it is grown for its edible tubers. It is more difficult to cultivate than
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972:
959:
1391:
1386:
948:
94:
558:
1293:
1116:
385:
81:
893:
781:
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901:
500:
It is rich in carbohydrates, vitamin A, minerals, and essential amino acids.
43:
1350:
1076:
909:
577:
1215:
1125:
1006:
879:
190:
440:
is exceptionally hardy and grown quite easily in regions without frost.
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1011:
985:
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326:
140:
919:
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1110:
1071:
942:
130:
120:
107:
1233:
1181:
1024:
1163:
370:
517:, but it is typically exchanged between neighbours and friends.
330:
150:
68:
767:
538:
606:. Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team
356:
534:
532:
530:
527:
1378:
239:(N.E.Br.) Robyns & Lebrun, nom. illeg., non
702:"Plectranthus esculentus (Livingstone potato)"
548:(Lamiaceae): a tale of more than two genera".
504:has contributed significantly to rural diets.
379:
325:, is a species of plant in the dicot family
875:
873:
871:
869:
819:Archaeology, language, and the African past
763:
761:
759:
704:. KEW Royal Botanic Gardens. Archived from
389:
810:
590:
472:
42:
850:
848:
846:
844:
842:
840:
838:
797:
795:
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791:
567:
557:
419:were lower when intercropped with maize.
866:
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729:
727:
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696:
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690:
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684:
682:
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644:United States Department of Agriculture
635:Germplasm Resources Information Network
598:Plectranthus esculentus
402:The tubers are the most useful part of
14:
1379:
835:
816:
801:
788:
678:
676:
674:
672:
670:
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666:
664:
662:
660:
455:
924:
923:
857:"Women reintroducing neglected crops"
604:The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov)
426:
752:. Timber Press, Oregon. p. 302.
720:
657:
24:
357:History, geography and ethnography
25:
1418:
443:
1325:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:454384-1
1064:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:445982-1
267:(N.E.Br.) Robyns & Lebrun
55:
854:
618:
584:
397:
342:
13:
1:
1402:Crops originating from Africa
640:Agricultural Research Service
520:
415:with little additional help.
882:Journal of Ethnopharmacology
507:
450:Millennium Seed Bank Project
7:
559:10.3897/phytokeys.129.34988
10:
1423:
748:Ben-Erik, Van Wyk (2005).
27:Species of flowering plant
1407:Taxa named by N. E. Brown
1100:
932:
894:10.1016/j.jep.2005.09.011
782:10.1016/j.fcr.2005.12.011
484:Crude protein level: 13 g
248:Plectranthus floribundus
208:
201:
179:
172:
52:Scientific classification
50:
41:
34:
750:Food Plants of the World
481:Total carbohydrates 80 g
381:pomme de terre d’Afrique
228:Englerastrum floribundum
220:Plectranthus floribundus
1102:Plectranthus esculentus
628:Plectranthus esculentus
473:Nutritional information
311:Plectranthus esculentus
212:Plectranthus esculentus
817:Blench, Roger (2006).
496:Vitamin A 0.17 mg
390:
380:
329:. It is indigenous to
288:Coleus langouassiensis
231:(N.E.Br.) T.C.E.Fr.
770:Field Crops Research
336:Coleus rotundifolius
314:, also known as the
804:Lamiales Newsletter
708:on 11 December 2013
490:Calcium 140 mg
487:Total lipids: 0.6 g
456:Consumption and use
260:Coleus floribundus
821:. Altamira Press.
467:C. esculentus
438:C. esculentus
427:Growing conditions
413:C. esculentus
323:Livingstone potato
236:Coleus floribundus
165:C. esculentus
1374:
1373:
1281:Open Tree of Life
1132:Coleus esculentus
934:Coleus esculentus
926:Taxon identifiers
862:. Leisa Magazine.
515:Coleus esculentus
502:Coleus esculentus
462:Coleus esculentus
433:Coleus esculentus
408:Coleus esculentus
404:Coleus esculentus
362:Coleus esculentus
350:Coleus esculentus
302:Coleus esculentus
298:
297:
292:
284:
276:
268:
256:
244:
232:
224:
216:
183:Coleus esculentus
36:Coleus esculentus
16:(Redirected from
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1397:Leaf vegetables
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806:. pp. 3–4.
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493:Iron 50 mg
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458:
446:
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388:, it is called
359:
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272:Coleus coppinii
261:
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54:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
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1364:wfo-0000275410
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1090:wfo-0000914260
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1016:
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916:
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834:
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719:
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552:(129): 1–158.
525:
524:
522:
519:
509:
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498:
497:
494:
491:
488:
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482:
474:
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460:The tubers of
457:
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444:Genetic stocks
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428:
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386:Hausa language
358:
355:
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241:C. floribundus
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911:
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855:Haq, Nazmul.
851:
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843:
841:
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828:9780759104655
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174:Binomial name
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82:Tracheophytes
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45:
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33:
30:
19:
1101:
933:
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803:
776:(1): 76–81.
773:
769:
749:
710:. Retrieved
706:the original
647:. Retrieved
633:
627:
620:
608:. Retrieved
603:
597:
586:
549:
546:Plectranthus
545:
541:
514:
511:
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461:
459:
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88:
75:
35:
29:
1216:iNaturalist
1126:Wikispecies
1007:iNaturalist
888:(1): 1–24.
712:18 November
398:Cultivation
343:Description
280:Coleus dazo
95:Angiosperms
1381:Categories
1299:kew-158074
1294:Plant List
592:USDA, NRCS
521:References
375:cultivated
366:indigenous
291:A.Chev.
283:A.Chev.
223:N.E.Br.
215:N.E.Br.
949:Q50839360
902:0378-8741
610:7 October
550:PhytoKeys
508:Economics
384:. In the
327:Lamiaceae
275:Heckel
255:N.E.Br
159:Species:
141:Lamiaceae
65:Kingdom:
1351:17602740
1346:Tropicos
1247:10455929
1234:454384-1
1117:Q3815757
1111:Wikidata
1077:50136108
1072:Tropicos
1038:10212778
1025:445982-1
943:Wikidata
910:16289602
594:(n.d.).
578:31523157
264:longipes
252:longipes
243:Baker
203:Synonyms
195:G.Taylor
137:Family:
131:Lamiales
121:Asterids
108:Eudicots
1338:1671-30
1286:3882779
1273:2485380
1195:2926640
1164:Ecocrop
1012:1278864
986:5341314
649:27 June
569:6717120
371:cassava
307:synonym
191:N.E.Br.
147:Genus:
127:Order:
69:Plantae
1392:Tubers
1387:Coleus
1307:PLANTS
1260:506026
1221:592220
1208:400149
1143:116854
1140:APDB:
1051:511225
999:400150
960:117955
957:APDB:
908:
900:
825:
576:
566:
542:Coleus
331:Africa
319:potato
317:kaffir
152:Coleus
1333:SANBI
1312:PLES2
1242:IRMNG
1182:PLFES
1156:4K48H
1033:IRMNG
860:(PDF)
391:rizga
115:Clade
102:Clade
89:Clade
76:Clade
18:Rizga
1320:POWO
1268:NCBI
1255:ITIS
1229:IPNI
1203:GRIN
1190:GBIF
1177:EPPO
1169:8753
1059:POWO
1046:ITIS
1020:IPNI
994:GRIN
981:GBIF
973:X255
906:PMID
898:ISSN
823:ISBN
714:2013
651:2015
612:2015
574:PMID
544:and
448:The
262:var.
250:var.
1359:WFO
1151:CoL
1085:WFO
968:CoL
890:doi
886:103
778:doi
564:PMC
554:doi
364:is
321:or
1383::
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