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476:. With spectators seated near the edges of the circuit, two race cars came into contact causing one of the vehicles to crash into the embankment, where it exploded in a ball of flames and then plowed through the crowd of spectators. In addition to the driver of the race car, 83 spectators were killed and 120 were injured. Auto racing was temporarily banned in several countries after the Le Mans disaster until safety was improved for spectators. Switzerland would not allow circuit racing until the
523:
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78:. The objective is to complete a predetermined number of circuit laps in the least amount of time, or to accumulate the most circuit laps within a predetermined time period. Originally, road races were held almost entirely on public roads. However, public safety concerns eventually led to most races being held on purpose-built racing circuits.
546:. After the von Trips accident in 1961, the Monza Circuit had been lined with steel barriers as a result of demands by automobile racers. Most auto racers believed steel barriers would improve safety for auto racers and spectators, but they had the opposite effect for motorcyclists and proved fatal for Saarinen and Pasolini.
574:
and lucrative television contracts which, led to an increased level of professionalism. Road racers organized to demand that stricter safety regulations be adopted by sanctioning bodies in relation to race track safety and race organizers requirements. Race circuits that had originally been public
286:
was the first permanent park circuit in the United
Kingdom and held its first motorcycle race in 1931. As automobile and motorcycle technology improved, racers began to achieve higher speeds that caused an increasing number of accidents on roads not designed for motorized vehicles. Public safety
519:, a close friend of Parlotti. Once the most prestigious race of the year, the event was increasingly boycotted by the top riders, and in 1976, the Isle of Man TT finally succumbed to pressure for increased safety in racing events and had its world championship status revoked by the FIM.
557:
in
Barcelona. The racing drivers found that the circuit's safety barriers had been shoddily installed and threatened to strike if the barriers were not brought up to standard. Under pressure from race organizers, the race was started only to be stopped after 29 laps when the car of
375:
of France. These circuits presented such a challenge that they were both feared and respected by racers. The 20.8 km (12.9 mi) long
Nurburgring with more than 300 metres (1,000 feet) of elevation change from its lowest to highest points, was nicknamed "The Green Hell" by
674:
The popularity of
Formula One and motorcycle Grand Prix racing led to the formation of road racing world championships for other types of vehicles. In 1953, the FIA sanctioned a world championship for sports car racing which combined the Le Mans 24 Hours, the Mille Miglia, the
503:
posthumously, the only man to do so, underlining the continuing risks associated with road racing. The tragedies highlighted the need for improved safety standards for both drivers and spectators; safety would continue to be an issue throughout the 1960s and 1970s.
354:
in
Australia. Certain European race circuits were situated in mountainous regions where the topography meant that the roads featured numerous curves and elevation changes, allowing the creation of sinuous and undulating race courses such as the
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As road racing grew in popularity it eventually expanded across the globe with Grand Prix road races having been held on six continents. Expansion of the
Formula One and MotoGP series has resulted in many dedicated tracks being built, like in
606:
Although events held on closed public roads such as the Isle of Man TT, lost their world championship status due to their considerable safety risk, their popularity continued to flourish leading to a branch of road racing known as
81:
Road racing's origins were centered in
Western Europe and Great Britain as motor vehicles became more common in the early 20th century. After the Second World War, automobile road races were organized into a series called the
298:
After the First World War, automobile and motorcycle road racing competitions in Europe and in North
America went in different directions. Automobile and motorcycle racing in the United States was typically
226:
The great majority of road races were run over a lengthy circuit of closed public roads, not purpose-built racing circuits. This was true of the Le Mans circuit of the 1906 French Grand Prix, as well as the
421:. The Association Internationale des Automobiles Clubs Reconnus was renamed the Fédération Internationale de l’Automobile in 1946 and, plans were developed for a road racing world championship. In
98:(FIM). The success and popularity of road racing has seen the sport spread across the globe with Grand Prix road races having been held on six continents. Other variations of road racing include;
634:
joining the
Circuit de Monaco as part of the world championship. There are no street circuits being used in MotoGP racing.. In North America, racing on public streets takes place at the
425:, the FIA created the Formula One world championship, a competition of seven rounds that included the Indianapolis 500. A Formula I manufacturers' championship was begun in 1955.
185:
was formed by several
European automobile clubs. In 1904 the FIM created the international cup for motorcycles. The first international motorcycle road race took place in 1905 at
192:
After disagreeing with Bennett Cup organizers over regulations limiting the number of entrants, the French automobile manufacturers responded in 1906 by organizing the first
436:
in Formula One in the late 1950s sparked to a renewal of interest in road racing in the United States and, led to the construction of new road racing circuits such as
603:
with their numerous unmovable roadside obstacles, such as trees, stone walls, lampposts and buildings, were gradually removed from world championship competition.
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while, some circuits were shortened to reduce the number of safety personnel required. These changes saw a dramatic decrease in deaths and accidents.
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concerns ultimately caused the number of road racing events on public roads in Europe to decrease over the years. Notable exceptions are the
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street circuit in Italy. Notice the rudimentary safety barrier of hay bales placed among trees and telephone poles lining the circuit.
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By the 1980s, motorcycle Grand Prix and the Formula One races were held on purpose built race circuits with the exception of the
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380:, due to its challenging nature. The sinuous track layout of the Charade circuit caused some drivers like Jochen Rindt in the
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611:. Traditional road racing on closed public roads is popular in the United Kingdom, New Zealand and parts of Europe. The
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motorcycle road circuit first used in 1907. The exceptions were the steeply banked egg-shaped near oval circuit of
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714:. Karting has become a significant step in the development of road racers including Formula One world champion
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being the inaugural event. With the exception of the Monza circuit, all the Grand Prix races were held on
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endurance race was held in 1923. The Automobile Racing Club of America was founded in 1933 and became the
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was established in 2002 to establish rider classifications in traditional road racing events such as the
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282:(A.C.U.) stopped issuing permits for races on public roads, a policy that has not changed to this day.
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Road racing on public roads was banned in Great Britain in 1925 when a spectator was injured at the
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The FIA created the International Karting Commission (CIK) in 1962 and, in 1964, the first CIK
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using widely available horse racing circuits. Automobile dirt track racing would develop into
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attracted competitors from around the country and drew large crowds of spectators. The first
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In 1949 the FIM introduced the Grand Prix motorcycle racing world championship with the
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World Championship of Drivers, 1974 FIA Yearbook, Grey section, pages 118 & 119
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and crashed into a stand full of spectators, killing 15 and himself. In 1970,
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165:, France. The first held in the United States was a 54-mile competition from
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mountains, the 48 miles (77 km) French circuit at Dieppe, used for the
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road race which peaked in 1974 with the victory by 15-time world champion
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Road racing traditions in Europe, South America, Great Britain and the
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By the late 1970s, the popularity of Grand Prix road racing attracted
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The Formula One championship experienced its worst tragedy during the
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Another motorcycle racing incident occurred at Monza during the 1973
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181:, was considered the most important race in the world. In 1904, the
157:
The first organized automobile race was held on July 22, 1894, from
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which has been held on the city streets of Pau, France since 1933.
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nations grew around races held on paved, public roads such as the
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held on the city streets of Monaco. Street circuits such as the
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on paved tracks such as the Indianapolis Motor Speedway and the
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173:, Illinois and return, held on November 27, 1895. By 1905, the
59:
1608:"Daytona 200 celebrates 75th running of once-prestigious race"
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1170:
626:
In Formula One, street circuits have made a comeback with the
2015:"This Is How You Ship An F1 Car Across The Globe In 36 Hours"
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Welcome to Who? What? Where? When? Why? on the World Wide Web
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360:
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1660:"Formula E brings racing back to Switzerland after 60 years"
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when a racing accident claimed the lives of world champion
90:(FIA), while motorcycle road races were organized into the
75:
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960:
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Sports cars negotiating curves during the Le Mans 24 Hours
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The dangers of street circuits was further exposed at the
259:, and the oval, banked speedways constructed in Europe at
183:
Association Internationale des Automobiles Clubs Reconnus
910:
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Motorcyclists compete in a 1969 road race held on the
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and led to increased international prominence for the
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for road-going production motorcycles was created in
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Automobiles competing in the 1906 French Grand Prix
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291:which was allowed to continue until 1957 and, the
1683:"50 years ago today: F1's worst tragedy at Monza"
1462:Grand Prix Motorcycle Racers: The American Heroes
1458:
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562:plowed into the crowd, killing four spectators.
1816:"Safety Improvements in Formula One Since 1963"
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1098:
1838:"Historical perspective of the Isle of Man TT"
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196:race held at Le Mans. During the 1910s, the
575:roads were widened and modified to include
388:, and wear open face helmets just in case.
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406:Formula One road racing action during the
1904:"History of Touring Car Racing 1952-1993"
315:. American racing also branched out into
133:
96:Fédération Internationale de Motocyclisme
88:Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile
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691:held its first road race in 1957 at the
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521:
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215:
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27:Form of motorsport racing on paved roads
1715:Motocourse: 50 Years Of Moto Grand Prix
1497:"The Volcanic Rush of Clermont Ferrand"
943:"America's First Automobile Race, 1895"
428:The success of American racers such as
14:
2039:
1713:Noyes, Dennis; Scott, Michael (1999),
1662:. digitaltrends.com. 22 September 2017
793:List of Grand Prix motorcycle circuits
640:Firestone Grand Prix of St. Petersburg
565:
1409:. grandprixhistory.org. November 2007
1250:"History of the Isle of Man TT Races"
1205:. grandprixhistory.org. 8 August 2008
1040:"The history about motorcycle racing"
923:. grandprixhistory.org. November 2010
86:world championship sanctioned by the
1970:"European Truck Racing Championship"
699:as the winner. The FIA launched the
144:
74:utilizing temporarily closed public
66:. The races can be held either on a
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450:United States motorcycle Grand Prix
24:
2012:
877:"The History of Motorcycle Racing"
720:European Truck Racing Championship
587:Modern road racing on public roads
511:was killed while competing in the
25:
2063:
1640:. The New York Times Company, Inc
891:
701:European Touring Car Championship
501:Formula One drivers' championship
1681:Collantine, Keith (2011-09-10).
1638:"On Auto Racing's Deadliest Day"
1576:"A Brief History of Formula One"
1519:"Hidden Glory at the Green Hell"
1338:"Montlhéry's motor-racing track"
1181:"The Sprint Events of the 1920s"
1086:. The Historical Marker Database
2006:
1984:
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1940:
1918:
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1636:Spurgeon, Brad (11 June 2015).
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1499:. speedhunters.com. August 2013
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1228:"History of the Isle of Man TT"
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553:held on the twisty, tree-lined
438:Riverside International Raceway
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44:was an example of a road course
42:Riverside International Raceway
1385:"A Short History of Endurance"
1131:"The Elgin National Road Race"
982:
935:
898:Rémi Paolozzi (May 28, 2003).
869:
670:Karts competing in a road race
454:Daytona International Speedway
13:
1:
1764:. monzanet.it. Archived from
1294:"First Indianapolis 500 held"
1062:"The First French Grand Prix"
823:
536:Italian motorcycle Grand Prix
363:mountains of Germany and the
94:series and sanctioned by the
1882:"Watkins Glen Track History"
879:. hondaracingcorporation.com
818:World Superbike Championship
788:List of Formula One circuits
724:Superbike World Championship
628:Melbourne Grand Prix Circuit
326:A section of the Nurburgring
200:held on public roads around
92:Grand Prix motorcycle racing
32:Road racing (disambiguation)
7:
1992:"Superbike World Champions"
1717:, Hazleton Publishing Ltd,
992:. fia.com. 24 February 2015
921:"Dawn of Automobile Racing"
761:
350:Circuit in Belgium and the
257:Indianapolis Motor Speedway
10:
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1459:DeWitt, Norman L. (2010).
968:"James Gordon Bennett Cup"
900:"The cradle of motorsport"
708:Karting World Championship
693:Watkins Glen International
395:
219:
210:Sports Car Club of America
137:
29:
945:. eyewitnesstohistory.com
685:1000km of the Nurburgring
654:Road racing proliferation
613:Duke Road Racing Rankings
468:Racing hazards and safety
338:circuit near the town of
255:, completed in 1906, the
198:Elgin National Road Races
179:Automobile Club de France
1743:. motorsportmagazine.com
1183:. motorsportmagazine.com
1064:. firstsuperspeedway.com
970:. firstsuperspeedway.com
636:Grand Prix of Long Beach
1360:"Donington Park Trophy"
906:. Forix, Autosport, 8W.
813:Traditional Road Racing
722:was founded in 1985. A
609:Traditional Road Racing
551:1975 Spanish Grand Prix
485:1961 Italian Grand Prix
222:Grand Prix motor racing
2052:Motorcycle road racing
1906:. touringcarracing.net
1792:"Protests in the Park"
1274:. brooklandsmuseum.com
671:
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507:When motorcycle racer
487:at Monza, when driver
410:
398:History of Formula One
382:1969 French Grand Prix
352:Mount Panorama Circuit
327:
154:
140:History of auto racing
134:History of road racing
45:
1431:. racingcircuits.info
1429:"Pau Circuit history"
1318:. racingcircuits.info
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474:1955 Le Mans disaster
408:1961 Dutch Grand Prix
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276:Royal Automobile Club
216:Race course evolution
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40:
1272:"Brooklands History"
491:lost control of his
336:Circuit de la Sarthe
332:British Commonwealth
30:For other uses, see
2047:Auto racing by type
1687:www.f1fanatic.co.uk
1015:"Motorcycle Racing"
855:"Automobile Racing"
677:12 Hours of Sebring
566:Safety improvements
513:1972 Isle of Man TT
415:1949 Isle of Man TT
206:24 Hours of Le Mans
177:, organized by the
1610:. seattletimes.com
1111:. elginhistory.org
1084:"Elgin Road Races"
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648:Honda Indy Toronto
644:Detroit Grand Prix
572:corporate sponsors
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365:Circuit de Charade
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175:Gordon Bennett Cup
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108:touring car racing
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1862:. wec-magazin.com
1741:"The darkest day"
1316:"Circuit History"
1156:"Le Mans History"
1106:"Elgin Road Race"
798:Oval track racing
632:Baku City Circuit
621:Ulster Grand Prix
593:Monaco Grand Prix
555:Montjuich circuit
509:Gilberto Parlotti
348:Spa-Francorchamps
301:oval track racing
278:(R.A.C.) and the
194:French Grand Prix
145:Early road racing
104:sports car racing
100:open-wheel racing
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384:to complain of
369:Chaîne des Puys
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241:1907 Grand Prix
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544:Renzo Pasolini
540:Jarno Saarinen
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373:Massif Central
305:Milwaukee Mile
293:Pau Grand Prix
284:Donington Park
272:Kop Hill Climb
245:Isle of Man TT
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1230:. iomtt.com
1140:15 December
1021:10 December
990:"About FIA"
861:10 December
768:Drag racing
740:Middle East
710:was won by
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458:Daytona 200
448:. The 1964
446:Laguna Seca
357:Nürburgring
317:drag racing
309:dirt tracks
274:event. The
233:Kaiserpreis
124:kart racing
84:Formula One
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2041:Categories
1798:2018-08-20
1772:2017-05-04
1747:2018-08-20
1692:2018-08-19
1666:28 October
1435:28 October
1115:25 January
1090:25 January
824:References
712:Guido Sala
646:, and the
434:Dan Gurney
396:See also:
249:Brooklands
220:See also:
189:, France.
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2025:20 August
1972:. fia.com
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