Robert Borden - Knowledge

1812: 1624: 1378: 1539:, over Borden. Convinced that Canada had become a nation on the battlefields of Europe, Borden demanded that it have a separate seat at the Conference. This was initially opposed not only by Britain but also by the United States, which perceived such a delegation as an extra British vote. Borden responded by pointing out that since Canada had lost a far larger proportion of its men compared to the US in the war (although not more in absolute numbers), Canada at least had the right to the representation of a "minor" power. Lloyd George eventually relented, and convinced the reluctant Americans to accept the presence of separate Canadian, Indian, Australian, Newfoundland, New Zealand and South African delegations. Not only did Borden's persistence allow him to represent Canada in 1245:, rejected calls for direct taxation on Canadian citizens in 1914, though this position would be shortly reversed. White cited his beliefs that taxation would cost too much to implement and would interfere with provincial taxation systems. Borden and White instead opted for "business as usual" with Britain by assuming that the country would cover the costs incurred by Canada. However, at the end of 1914, Britain was not able to lend money to Canada due to their own economic priorities. By 1917, Britain had become unable to pay for wartime shipments from Canada. During the war, Canada drastically increased imports of specialized metals and machinery needed for production of 1851: 1330: 1222: 2058: 941:(who was Borden's former colleague at the Halifax law firm) asked Borden to become leader, citing his work in Parliament and lack of enemies within the Conservative caucus. Borden at first was not keen to become leader, stating, "I have not either the experience or the qualifications which would enable me to successfully lead the party...It would be an absurdity for the party and madness for me." However, he later changed his position and on February 6, 1901, he was selected by the Conservative caucus as party leader. 1280:

from two to 22 percent for married Canadians with dependents and an annual income over $ 6,000. Due to its several exemptions, only two to eight percent of Canadians filed tax returns during the early days of the income tax. When the war ended in 1918, $ 8 million in income tax revenue had been recorded, which was a small fraction of the national net debt of $ 1.6 billion. Though Borden's government declared the income tax to be temporary, it has remained in place ever since.

1883: 486: 2072: 4381: 855:, until her resignation in 1901. She also later became president of the Aberdeen Association, vice-president of the Women's Work Exchange in Halifax, and corresponding secretary of the Associated Charities of the United States. The Bordens spent several weeks vacationing in England and Europe in the summers of 1891 and 1893. In 1894, Borden bought a large property and home on the south side of Quinpool Road, which the couple called Pinehurst. 1154:(with support from both Conservatives and Liberals), which gave the government extraordinary and emergency powers, including the right to censor and suppress communications, the right to arrest, detain, and deport people without charges or trials, the right to control transportation, trade and manufacturing, and the right to seize private property during times of "war, invasion or insurrection". The act also allowed Borden to govern by 945: 4391: 60: 1034: 1847:, the Canadian Investment Fund. Even after he stepped down as prime minister, Borden kept in touch with Lloyd George; Borden once told him of his retirement, stating, "There is nothing that oppresses me...books, some business avocation, my wild garden, the birds and the flowers, a little golf, and a great deal of life in the open – these together make up the fullness of my days." 1902:

Unionist Party's pro-conscription position, Quebec voted overwhelmingly in favour of the anti-conscription Laurier Liberals; the Unionists won only three seats. Historian Robert Craig Brown wrote, "The political cost was enormous: the Conservative Party’s support in Quebec was destroyed and would not be recovered for decades to come."

2969: 1794:

With his doctors recommending that he should leave politics immediately, Borden told his cabinet on December 16, 1919, that he was going to resign. Some cabinet members begged him to stay in office and take a year-long vacation. Borden took a vacation for an unspecified amount of time and returned to

1403:

allowed female relatives of soldiers (excluding Indigenous women) to vote. However, this law confiscated voting rights from German and Austrian immigrants (i.e. immigrants from "enemy nations") who moved to Canada during and after 1902 as well as those who exempted from the coming conscription draft,

1279:

which came into effect on September 20, 1917. The tax exempted the first $ 1,500 of income for single people (unmarried persons and widows and widowers without dependent children); the tax exempted the first $ 3,000 for everyone else. Single people were taxed at four percent while the tax rate ranged

1263:

on tobacco and alcohol and taxes on transport tickets, telegrams, money orders, cheques, and patent medicines were introduced. By the end of the war, staple items were taxed. In a politically motivated move in 1916, the government introduced the Business Profits War Tax to address increasing concerns

1519:

requested Borden to visit Britain for possible peace talks. Borden replied stating, "the press and the people of this country take it for granted that Canada will be represented at the Peace Conference." World War I ended shortly after on November 11, 1918. Borden told his wife, Laura, that "Canada

1411:

The Unionist election campaign criticized French Canada for its low enlistment rate to fight in the war. Fearing the possible event of a Liberal victory, one of the Unionist pamphlets highlighted ethnic differences, stating, "the French Canadians who have shirked their duty in this war will be the

1426:

The process of conscripting soldiers began in January 1918. Only 124,588 out of the 401,882 men who registered for conscription were drafted and only 24,132 actually fought in Europe. By spring 1918, the government removed certain exemptions. To suppress the anti-conscription "Easter Riots" that

1901:

wrote, "Canada's military couldn't have carried on without the controversial policy" and that " played a critical role in winning the war", he also wrote that "To achieve these ends, he almost broke the nation." In the 1917 federal election, in what was seen as a backlash against Borden and the

1619:

that killed nearly 1,800 people. The tragedy occurring in his own hometown, Borden pledged that the government would be "co-operating in every way to reconstruct the Port of Halifax: this was of utmost importance to the Empire". Borden helped set up the Halifax Relief Commission that spent $ 30

1319:

soldiers and became determined that the soldiers' sacrifices should not be in vain, and that therefore, the war must end. With volunteer enlistment slowing down, Borden believed that the war should finish through only one method: conscription. Reversing their pledge to not introduce the policy,

770:

Borden's father, Andrew Borden, was judged by his son to be "a man of good ability and excellent judgement" and of a "calm, contemplative and philosophical" turn of mind, but "he lacked energy and had no great aptitude for affairs." His mother Eunice Jane Laird was more driven, possessing "very

1389:

was held on December 17. The election was Canada's first in six years; it was supposed to be held in 1916 due to the constitutional requirement that Parliament last no longer than five years, but was delayed by one year due to the war. Months before the election was called, Borden's government

1310:

which called for a post-war constitutional conference to "provide effective arrangements for continuous consultation in all important matters of common Imperial concern, and for such necessary concerted action, founded on consultation, as the several Governments may determine." He also assured

1254:

of $ 300 million brought in $ 660 million. Overall, Victory Bond campaigns raised around $ 2 billion. American investment in Canada significantly increased whereas British investment declined. By 1918, imports of goods from the United States were 1,000 percent of British exports to Canada.

1481:, built roads, cleared bush, and cut trails. They also had their personal wealth and property confiscated and never returned by the Borden government. Overall, 107 internees died. Six were shot dead while trying to escape and others died from disease, work-related injuries, and suicide. 1765:

met with the anti-strike Citizens’ Committee but refused to meet with the pro-strike Central Strike Committee. Taking the advice of the Citizens' Committee, Borden's government threatened to fire federal workers unless they returned to work immediately. The government also changed the

1419:(114 Conservatives and 39 Liberals), won the highest share of the popular vote in Canadian history, and won the largest percentage of seats in Canadian history at the time (at 65.1%). The Liberals on the other hand lost seats and won their smallest share of the popular vote since the 506: 1687:

in Canada. In addition to the abolition of the Hereditary titles, it was later learned that with the exception of military distinctions, honours would not be granted to residents of Canada without the approval or the advice of the Canadian prime minister.

1870:

The Borden government's introduction of conscription, new taxes, and use of the North-West Mounted Police to break up the 1919 Winnipeg general strike are all examples of government intervention; with his emphasis on big government, he is remembered as a

866:

and the Crown Life Insurance Company. By the mid-1890s, Borden's firm was so prominent that it attracted notable clients, such as the Bank of Nova Scotia, Canada Atlantic Steamship, and the Nova Scotia Telephone Company. Borden had several court cases in

1258:

In 1915, 1916, and 1917, Borden's government began to reverse their anti-taxation position, not least because of the need for more government revenue. The government introducing wartime savings bonds and raising import tariffs was not enough. In 1915, a

771:

strong character, remarkable energy, high ambition and unusual ability". Her ambition was transmitted to her first-born child, who applied himself to his studies while assisting his parents with the farm work he found so disagreeable. Borden's cousin,

960:

railways. Borden proposed for the railways to be government-owned and government-operated, stating the people would have a choice between "a government-owned railway or a railway-owned government." This position did not resonate with voters in the

1782:(NWMP) to the strike scene to maintain public order. As a result of the protestors beginning to riot, the NWMP charged at the protestors, beat them with clubs, and fired bullets. Two people were killed and the violent incident became known as " 782:

At age nine, Borden became a day student for the local private academy, Acacia Villa School. The school sought to "fit boys physically, morally, and intellectually, for the responsibilities of life." There, Borden developed an interest in the

1361:

composed of both Conservatives and Liberals. Despite Borden offering the Liberals equal seats in the Cabinet in exchange for Liberal support for conscription, the proposal was rejected by Liberal leader Laurier. In October, Borden formed the

4818: 1283:

In 1917, facing skyrocketing prices, Borden's government established the Board of Grain Supervisors of Canada to distance the marketing of crops grown in 1917 and 1918 away from the private grain companies. It was succeeded by the

1005:, campaigned on fears of American influence on Canada and disloyalty to Britain, and ran on the slogan "Canadianism or Continentalism". The Conservatives triumphed; they won a strong majority, ending over 15 years of Liberal rule. 507: 3220:"OIC 1918-3122: Canadian National Railways - Board of Directors of the Canadian Northern Railway to use this collection designation as description of the Canadian Northern and Canadian Government Railway systems without prejudice" 2504: 1213:. In July 1915, the number of CEF soldiers increased to 150,000 before being increased to 250,000 in October 1915 before doubling to 500,000 in January 1916. By mid-1916, the rate of volunteers enlisting started to slow down. 1928:, a region that Borden's Unionists won over in the election four years previously. As historian Robert Craig Brown notes, "Moreover, Unionist support in western Canada was ephemeral and vanished at the first hints of peace." 1249:

from the United States. This led Borden and White to successfully negotiate a $ 50 million loan in New York City in 1915. Canada also succeeded in negotiating larger bond issues in New York in 1916 and 1917. In 1918, a

981:

and the civil service, a more selective immigration policy, free rural mail delivery, government regulation of telegraphs, telephones, and railways and eventually national ownership of telegraphs and telephones. In the

986:, Laurier's Liberals won for the fourth consecutive time. However, the Liberals experienced a drop in support as they won a slightly reduced majority. The Conservatives experienced a modest boost, gaining 10 seats. 996:

agreement with the United States. Borden opposed the treaty, stating that it would weaken ties with Britain, lead to Canadian identity being influenced by the US, and lead to American annexation of Canada. In the

815:

law firm. Borden also attended the School of Military Instruction in the city during the winter of 1878. In August 1878, Borden was called to the Nova Scotia Bar, placing first in the bar examinations. He went to

6453: 1396:

that allowed all 400,000 conscripted Canadian soldiers — including those who were underage and born in Britain, to vote. The act also allowed current and former Indigenous veterans to vote. In addition, the

6186: 1508:"It can hardly be expected that we shall put 400,000 or 500,000 men in the field and willingly accept the position of having no more voice and receiving no more consideration than if we were toy automata." 925:

Though an MP in Ottawa, Borden still practised law back in Halifax. He also remained loyal to Tupper. Borden participated in many House committees and over time emerged as a key figure in the party.

759:

to survey the former Acadian land and draw up new lots for the Planters in Nova Scotia. Through the marriage of his patrilineal ancestor Richard Borden to Innocent Cornell, Borden is descendant from

505: 1746:, Manitoba, sought better wages and better working conditions by negotiating with their managers. In May 1919, as a result of talks between the workers and their managers breaking down, several 1532: 2118: 4825: 1803:. With White refusing, Borden persuaded cabinet minister Arthur Meighen to succeed him. Meighen succeeded Borden on July 10, 1920. Borden retired from politics altogether in that same month. 795:

languages. At age 14, Borden became the assistant master for classical studies. In late 1873, Borden began working as a professor for classics and mathematics at the Glenwood Institute in

6553: 6498: 2512: 6503: 2778: 6179: 6573: 3021: 1570:

On May 6, 1919, Borden issued a memorandum calling for Canada, as a member, to have the right to be elected to the League's council. This proposal was accepted by Lloyd George,

5161: 6317: 6172: 5806: 1920:

until 1919, when he resigned over his opposition towards high tariffs and his belief that the government's budget did not pay enough attention to farmer's issues. In the

6548: 6543: 533: 41: 6508: 6568: 6478: 844:. In the autumn of 1889, when he was only 35, Borden became the senior partner following the departure of Graham and Tupper for the bench and politics, respectively. 5509: 875:, a fellow Nova Scotian. In 1896, Borden became president of the Nova Scotia Barristers' Society and took the initiative in organizing the founding meetings of the 4427: 2638: 1423:. The election revealed ethnic divides in the country; the Conservatives won over English Canadians whereas the Liberals swept French-Canadian-dominated Quebec. 1173:

to give financial and social assistance to the families of soldiers. The government also raised tariffs on some high-demand consumer items to boost the economy.

6488: 6337: 6332: 4811: 1750:

started; on May 15, the Winnipeg Trades and Labor Council (WTLC) called for a general strike as a result of the negotiations collapsing. Within hours of the

1133: 4100: 1905:

Borden's opposition towards free trade and his government's reversal of a 1917 campaign promise to exempt the sons of farmers from conscription helped the

1770:

to allow the deportation of British-born immigrants. On June 17, the government arrested 10 leaders of the Central Strike Committee and two members of the

1180:

for scientific and industrial research. In 1918, to gain information on Canada's population, social structure, and economy, the government established the

508: 1728:. All five of these railways were financially struggling as a result of their inability to borrow from banks (mainly British) during the First World War. 5815: 4211: 2563: 755:, who had come from Connecticut at about the same time. Perry had accompanied his father, Samuel Borden, the chief surveyor chosen by the government of 2115: 5154: 3072: 1086:. Laurier, now Opposition leader, argued that the bill would threaten Canadian autonomy. In May 1913, the bill was blocked by the Liberal-controlled 5799: 3983: 1799:, July 1, 1920. Before he retired, the caucus asked him to choose his successor as leader and prime minister. Borden favoured his Finance Minister 708: 1439:, and deployed more than 6,000 troops. The troops and rioters exchanged gunfire, resulting in four civilian deaths and as many as 150 casualties. 6563: 2690: 707:

of Canada and the Crown Life Insurance Company from 1928 until his death in 1937. Borden places above-average among historians and the public in

114: 6523: 6518: 4117: 199: 5502: 4063: 974: 246: 3219: 6538: 5147: 4834: 4463: 1811: 1742:

After the war, the working class experienced economic hardship. In a bid to address this problem, construction and metal trades workers in

1623: 581: 439: 3533: 2525:

In addition, a publicly-subscribed Canadian Patriotic Fund was organized in August 1914, with responsibilities towards soldiers' families.

1639:

On May 24, 1918, female citizens 21 and over were granted the right to vote in federal elections. In 1920, Borden's government passed the

1615:

Eleven days before Canadians went to the polls in the 1917 election, Canada experienced the largest domestic disaster in its history: the

6493: 6473: 5792: 4845: 4440: 4420: 3461: 3861: 5170: 3750:

Cook, George L. "Sir Robert Borden, Lloyd George and British Military Policy, 1917-1918." The Historical Journal 14.2 (1971): 371–395.

6468: 3937: 3584: 2718: 829: 154: 3559: 1879:

wrote, "The pressures of war drove Borden’s government to unprecedented levels of involvement in the day-to-day lives of citizens."

5495: 5062: 4563: 498: 119: 1078:

In 1912 and 1913, Borden's government sought to pass a naval bill that would have sent $ 35 million for the construction of three

625:

which gave the government extraordinary powers. To increase government revenue to fund the war effort, Borden's government issued

4872: 4204: 1488:" and were compelled to report regularly to the police. Their freedom of speech, movement, and association were also restricted. 859: 6458: 5871: 5846: 4413: 665: 4850: 4436: 3055: 2448: 1675:

and in March 1917 drafted a policy stating that all names had to be vetted by the prime minister before the list was sent to

1496:

Throughout the war, Borden stressed the need for Canada to participate in British decisions; in a January 1916 letter to the

1066: 6164: 3507: 1377: 6533: 5532: 5518: 5266: 4949: 4544: 4090: 4036: 3882: 2412: 2387: 1983: 1513: 895: 291: 6463: 5406: 4717: 1912:

grow in popularity, which was dissatisfied with Borden's positions on these issues. The Progressive Party was founded by

1835:

between 1923 and 1925 and was the Society's first Honorary President between 1925 and 1937. He also was president of the

1370:). Laurier, maintaining his anti-conscription position, refused to join the Unionist government and instead created the " 862:. He represented many of the important Halifax businesses and sat on the boards of Nova Scotian companies, including the 2538: 1555:. Also during the conference, Borden tried to act as an intermediary between the United States and other members of the 1018:

To aid the farmers who would have benefited had the reciprocity treaty been implemented, Borden's government passed the

611:

Borden's early years as prime minister focused on strengthening relations with Britain. Halfway through his first term,

6528: 6043: 4384: 4197: 3341: 2044: 537: 45: 3635: 3409: 6196: 5705: 5426: 4394: 4171: 3918: 3785: 3730: 3722: 3678: 3203: 2979: 2249: 2085: 1828: 1717: 1585: 1497: 1105: 852: 700: 608:

treaty with the United States would lead to the US influencing Canadian identity and weaken ties with Great Britain.

2829: 2413:"An Act to amend The Manitoba Boundaries Extension Act, 1912, and The Ontario Boundaries Extension Act (Can., 1950)" 1757:

Afraid that the strike would spark conflicts in other cities, Borden's government intervened. His Cabinet ministers

5735: 5191: 5181: 4236: 3099:"The Halifax Relief Commission (1918-1976): Its History, Historiography, and Place in Halifax Disaster Scholarship" 2913: 2001: 1917: 1315:

that Canada was committed to the war. Also during his trip, Borden made visits to the hospital to meet wounded and

1177: 4405: 3832: 6513: 4181: 3869: 3845: 3827: 3098: 2271: 1836: 1783: 1412:

dominating force in the government of this country. Are the English-speaking people prepared to stand for that?"

990: 605: 3771: 1288:

for the 1919 crop. The board was dissolved in 1920, despite the concept being popular among farm organizations.

6235: 4002: 3238: 1921: 1816: 1571: 1420: 1386: 1306:. There, he participated in discussions that included possible peace terms and helped spearhead the passage of 1098: 998: 983: 977:. In 1907, Borden announced the Halifax Platform. The Conservative Party's new policy called for reform of the 969:, while the Conservatives lost a few seats. Borden himself was defeated in his Halifax seat but re-entered the 962: 934: 915: 661: 601: 597: 593: 577: 5763: 1924:

that saw the Conservatives plummet to third place, the Progressives became the second-largest party and swept

6312: 6210: 5826: 4142: 2613: 1964: 1448: 1322: 1181: 1117: 911: 677: 634: 286: 241: 194: 3841: 3358: 3290: 3264: 1862:

marked by a simple stone cross. In his funeral, a thousand World War I veterans lined the procession route.

485: 6558: 6322: 5628: 5068: 4881: 4736: 3435: 1705: 1524: 1198: 751:, England, to New England in the 17th century. Also arriving in this group was a great-great-grandfather, 616: 1237:

Despite the threat of an economic collapse and the need for more revenue to fund the war effort, Borden's

820:, as the junior partner of the Conservative lawyer John P. Chipman. In 1880, Borden was inducted into the 6448: 6220: 5966: 5956: 5946: 5572: 5562: 5552: 5471: 5251: 5236: 5226: 4908: 4783: 4487: 4301: 4291: 4281: 4251: 4083: 4046: 3878: 3836: 2508: 2090: 1909: 1824: 1721: 1342: 1334: 1297: 1202: 1158:, meaning that Cabinet was allowed to implement pieces of legislation without the need for a vote in the 957: 872: 645: 314: 20: 3738: 2334: 2116:

Notable Kin - New England in Hollywood, Part Three: The Possible Rhode Island Ancestry of Marilyn Monroe

1671:

Despite being knighted himself, Borden disapproved of the process by which Canadians were nominated for

1584:. These three leaders also included Canada's right to contest for election to the governing body of the 851:, the daughter of a Halifax hardware merchant. They had no children. Bond later became president of the 5851: 5321: 4866: 4448: 1205:

during the war. In December 1914, Borden stated, "there has not been, there will not be, compulsion or

1159: 970: 573: 109: 3734: 3610: 6397: 5623: 2856: 2804: 2749: 2465: 2339: 1994: 1987: 1779: 1713: 1701: 1560: 1556: 1238: 953: 689: 685: 550: 5861: 1620:

million on medical care, repairing infrastructure, and establishing pensions for injured survivors.

728: 557: 391: 5128: 4220: 3964: 3766:

Cook, Tim. "Canada's Warlord: Prime Minister Sir Robert Borden's Leadership during the Great War."

3717:. 2 vols. v. 1. 1854–1914. v. 2. 1914–1937. Toronto: Macmillan of Canada, c1975-c1980. 1578: 1536: 1022:

to establish a board of grain commissioners that would supervise grain inspection and regulate the

876: 837: 772: 764: 760: 572:

in 1878, and soon became one of Nova Scotia's most prominent barristers. Borden was elected to the

546: 545:(June 26, 1854 – June 10, 1937) was a Canadian lawyer and politician who served as the eighth 75: 918:

as a Conservative. However, the Conservative Party as a whole was defeated by the Liberals led by

6483: 6306: 6225: 6148: 6023: 5416: 5085: 4160: 4150: 4127: 3223: 2885: 2294: 2014: 1939:

include the results of a survey of Canadian historians regarding all the Prime Ministers through

1751: 1737: 1363: 1170: 776: 693: 649: 445: 433: 349: 234: 19:

This article is about the prime minister of Canada. For the American TV writer and producer, see

3383: 1952:

Borden was the last Canadian Prime Minister to be knighted (in 1914) since, in deference to the

6433: 6357: 6347: 5941: 5936: 5881: 5856: 5221: 5139: 5091: 5016: 5011: 5006: 4671: 4167: 2664: 2031: 1953: 1775: 1666: 1641: 1405: 938: 841: 833: 825: 817: 736: 712: 5916: 3473: 2438: 2362: 2213: 6342: 6245: 6240: 6194: 5896: 5876: 5001: 4996: 4991: 4986: 4981: 4976: 4971: 4110: 3169: 3143: 1843:

of Canada and the Crown Life Insurance Company. In 1932 he became chairman of Canada's first

1709: 1680: 1399: 1357:. In a bid to settle Quebec opposition towards the policy, Borden proposed forming a wartime 1312: 1072: 588:

as party leader in 1901, but was defeated in two federal elections by Liberal Prime Minister

561: 222: 3791:

Levine, Allan. "Scrum Wars, The Prime Ministers and the Media." Dundurn, c1993. 69–101

2239: 6443: 6438: 6372: 6367: 5906: 5603: 4803: 4020: 3687:; edited and with an introduction by Henry Borden. 2 vols. (xxii, 1061 p) London: Macmillan 1972: 1800: 1646: 1548: 1501: 1367: 1358: 1285: 1242: 744: 653: 630: 565: 326: 32: 2726: 2309: 8: 5537: 5261: 5045: 4944: 4746: 4537: 3976: 3851: 3698: 3690: 2587: 2288: 1876: 1725: 1654: 1454: 1416: 1392: 1303: 966: 933:

Tupper announced his resignation as party leader after he led the Conservatives to their

863: 796: 657: 1329: 6387: 6382: 6377: 6362: 6327: 6265: 6098: 5991: 5592: 3761: 3118: 2284: 2021: 1859: 1581: 1516: 1210: 604:, Borden led the Conservatives to victory after he claimed that the Liberals' proposed 419: 3331: 2440:

The home front encyclopedia: United States, Britain, and Canada in World Wars I and II

514:

Robert Borden being interviewed on July 23rd, 1936, less than a year before his death.

6255: 5971: 5891: 5886: 5758: 5664: 5582: 5577: 5436: 5311: 5306: 5296: 5286: 5186: 5097: 4898: 4692: 4587: 4473: 4455: 4316: 4306: 4241: 4231: 3781: 3726: 3718: 3674: 3337: 3330:

Bercuson, David Jay (2009) . "The Winnipeg General Strike". In Abella, Irving (ed.).

3199: 3122: 3051: 2975: 2943: 2444: 2363:"Manitoba History: Manitoba Expands Northward: A Special Edition of Manitoba History" 2245: 1898: 1832: 1628: 1616: 1610: 1552: 1191: 673: 569: 541: 49: 1563:. Borden also discussed with Lloyd George the possibility of Canada taking over the 6352: 6215: 6006: 5996: 5986: 5911: 5710: 5597: 5587: 5476: 5326: 5316: 5301: 4913: 4791: 4602: 4595: 4494: 4435: 4311: 4256: 3110: 1762: 1697: 1684: 1528: 1371: 1350: 1269: 1265: 1221: 1163: 1155: 1150: 1087: 1026:. This law would also allow the federal government to build or acquire and operate 978: 891: 732: 621: 6088: 6053: 5784: 5753: 5690: 5674: 5654: 5431: 5366: 4351: 1940: 6280: 6250: 6143: 6068: 6038: 6028: 6017: 5976: 5921: 5730: 5649: 5618: 5608: 5466: 5391: 5381: 5371: 5216: 5201: 4776: 4681: 4266: 3995: 3957: 3928: 3874: 2490: 2122: 2077: 1968: 1887: 1850: 1589: 1470: 1415:

The Unionist campaign was an overwhelming success; the government won a powerful

1002: 919: 907: 824:

St Andrew's lodge No. 1. In 1882, Borden, despite being a Liberal, accepted

812: 792: 633:. In 1917, facing what he believed to be a shortage in Canadian soldiers, Borden 589: 134: 6118: 6083: 5773: 2505:"Department of Veterans Affairs fonds [multiple media (some microform)]" 858:

In 1893, Borden successfully argued the first of two cases which he took to the

6296: 6270: 6260: 6123: 6108: 6033: 6011: 5951: 5841: 5720: 5695: 5633: 5613: 5557: 5547: 5487: 5421: 5411: 5386: 5376: 5351: 5336: 5291: 5281: 5271: 5231: 5206: 4955: 4928: 4918: 4754: 4725: 4624: 4580: 4552: 4515: 4501: 4366: 4361: 4341: 4331: 4321: 4286: 4276: 4261: 4029: 3947: 3911: 3639: 3317:

Confrontation at Winnipeg: Labour, Industrial Relations, and the General Strike

2290:

Types of Canadian Women and of Women who are or have been Connected with Canada

2025: 1960:(Prime Minister 1930–35) was created 1st Viscount Bennett after leaving office. 1936: 1925: 1897:

Borden's use of conscription in the war remains controversial. While historian

1758: 1650: 1574: 1527:, though boycotted the opening ceremony, protesting at the precedence given to 1484:

Another 80,000 Ukrainian Canadians were not imprisoned but were registered as "

1478: 1474: 1462: 1346: 1186: 1027: 887: 836:. In 1886, Borden broke with the Liberal Party after he disagreed with Premier 808: 752: 748: 585: 177: 146: 5981: 1795:

Ottawa in May 1920. Borden announced his retirement to his Unionist caucus on

699:

Borden retired from politics in 1920. In his retirement, he was Chancellor of

6427: 6153: 6133: 6103: 6093: 6063: 5961: 5931: 5748: 5725: 5669: 5567: 5461: 5446: 5401: 5256: 5246: 4939: 4769: 4710: 4530: 4296: 4012: 3073:"The silence after the blast: How the Halifax Explosion was nearly forgotten" 2095: 2063: 1957: 1913: 1840: 1747: 1593: 1466: 894:

as prime minister, asked Borden to run for the federal electoral district of

784: 756: 704: 641: 4189: 3887: 1209:." As the war dragged on, more troops for the CEF were deployed through the 1001:, the Conservatives countered with a revised version of John A. Macdonald's 672:. On the home front, Borden's government dealt with the consequences of the 6392: 6138: 6113: 6078: 6058: 5866: 5836: 5768: 5715: 5456: 5396: 5346: 5276: 5241: 5196: 4933: 4761: 4702: 4660: 4638: 4631: 4616: 4573: 4522: 4346: 3469: 3413: 1839:

in 1930–31. In 1928 Borden became president of two financial institutions:

1796: 1477:. The internees faced intense labour; they worked in the national parks of 1408:. Some believe that these laws put the Unionists in a favourable position. 1226: 1206: 1038: 681: 637: 461: 3856: 3114: 1251: 952:

The Liberal prime minister, Wilfrid Laurier, proposed the building of the

626: 6301: 6128: 6048: 6001: 5901: 5831: 5700: 5451: 5441: 5356: 4903: 4645: 4480: 4356: 4336: 4246: 4073: 4056: 1906: 1844: 1771: 1676: 1564: 1485: 1436: 1428: 1316: 1121: 1079: 1023: 612: 269: 3560:"Canada's first female MP and the federal election that changed Ontario" 2884:

McIntosh, Andrew; Granatstein, J.l.; Jones, Richard (February 6, 2006).

2071: 1882: 807:

Despite having no formal university education, Borden went to serve his

5039: 3751: 1366:, a coalition of Conservatives and pro-conscription Liberals (known as 1276: 1260: 1246: 1083: 993: 848: 847:

His financial future guaranteed, on September 25, 1889, Borden married

703:

from 1924 to 1930 and was president of two financial institutions, the

3806: 59: 6454:

Canadian Knights Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St George

6275: 6073: 5659: 5361: 5341: 5331: 5118: 4653: 4609: 4326: 3534:"Conscription divided Canada. It also helped win the First World War" 1116:

In late July, Borden and his wife, Laura, went for a vacation to the

821: 944: 799:. Seeing no future in teaching, he returned to Nova Scotia in 1874. 5123: 1872: 1743: 1544: 1101: 1046: 880: 669: 96: 1326:

to introduce conscription. The act became law on August 29, 1917.

1291: 1071:. These three provinces would take up the southern portion of the 5740: 2908: 2906: 1976: 1230: 1125: 1124:

broke out in Europe. On July 31, the Bordens were on a train for

1050: 740: 5169: 2024:(as Chief Justice, November 23, 1918 – May 1, 1924; appointed a 928: 560:. He worked as a schoolteacher for a period and then served his 1891: 1672: 1559:, particularly Australia and New Zealand over the issue of the 1354: 1137: 1129: 1094: 1054: 1033: 871:, and while in that city he frequently met with Prime Minister 868: 716: 408: 2903: 1708:. The organization originally consisted of four railways: the 619:. He also became significantly interventionist by passing the 3813:

Churchill, Borden and Anglo-Canadian Naval Relations, 1911-14

3801:

Macquarrie, Heath. "Robert Borden and the Election of 1911."

3798:. London: John Murray (on the Paris Peace Conference of 1919) 2691:"The HISTORY and DEVELOPMENT of CANADA'S PERSONAL INCOME TAX" 2013:

Borden chose the following jurists to sit as justices of the

1858:

Borden died on June 10, 1937, in Ottawa and is buried in the

1540: 890:'s home for a dinner party. Tupper, who was about to succeed 788: 4833: 2436: 6554:

Canadian members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom

3459: 1778:. On June 21, Borden's government deployed troops from the 1431:

between March 28 and April 1, Borden's government used the

668:, Borden sought to expand the autonomy of Canada and other 6504:

Members of the House of Commons of Canada from Nova Scotia

1551:

in its own right and receive a separate membership in the

549:

from 1911 to 1920. He is best known for his leadership of

3700:

Comments on the Senate's rejection of the Naval Aid Bill

3196:

The Order of Canada: Its Origins, History and Development

2879: 2877: 2537:

Brett, Alexandra; Phillipson, Donald (February 7, 2006).

1588:. Borden departed Paris on May 11; his Cabinet ministers 1333:

Borden speaking to wounded soldiers at a hospital in the

1201:(CEF). The force posted several combat formations of the 629:, raised tariffs, and introduced new taxes including the 3852:

Comments on the Senate's rejection of the Naval Aid Bill

3758:

Warlords: Borden, Mackenzie King and Canada's World Wars

2883: 1599: 1148:

On August 22, 1914, Parliament passed the controversial

1030:

at key points in the grain marketing and export system.

898:

for the upcoming election. Borden accepted the request.

6499:

Leaders of the Conservative Party of Canada (1867–1942)

3333:

On Strike: Six Key Labour Struggles in Canada 1919–1949

2772: 2770: 2564:"Military Structure - the Canadian Expeditionary Force" 1302:

In Spring 1917, Borden visited Europe and attended the

6574:

20th-century members of the House of Commons of Canada

3673:. Toronto; Buffalo, N.Y.: University of Toronto Press 3410:"Former Officers of the Champlain Society (1905–2012)" 2874: 1491: 1268:. The tax expired in 1920 but was brought back in the 901: 615:

broke out. To send soldiers overseas, he created the

3803:

Canadian Journal of Economics and Political Science,

3319:. McGill-Queen's University Press. pp. 168–169. 3198:. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. p. 37. 2937: 2935: 2767: 2053: 722: 5814: 5526:

Secretaries of State for External Affairs (1909–83)

2830:"British North America Act, 1916 - Enactment No. 4" 2639:"If some things never change, when did they begin?" 1649:. However, these two laws prevented or discouraged 6549:Persons of National Historic Significance (Canada) 6544:Canadian Secretaries of State for External Affairs 3336:. Toronto: James Lorimer and Company. p. 26. 6569:Presidents of the Canadian Historical Association 3776:Granatstein, J. L. & Hillmer, Norman (1999). 3460:Heritage Recording Services (December 20, 2010). 3407: 3384:"Borden, Sir Robert Laird | Queen's Encyclopedia" 3048:The Halifax Explosion and the Royal Canadian Navy 2932: 2028:under Prime Minister Laurier, September 25, 1901) 1498:High Commissioner of Canada in the United Kingdom 711:. Borden was the last prime minister born before 6425: 5517: 3743:Brown, Robert Craig, & Cook, Ramsay (1974). 1520:got nothing out of the war except recognition." 1442: 1374:", a party of Liberals opposed to conscription. 731:, a farming community at the eastern end of the 3323: 3022:"CANADA HEARS SIREN CALL OF ISLANDS IN THE SUN" 2536: 2388:"Ontario Boundaries Extension Act (Can., 1912)" 1731: 1596:signed the Treaty of Versailles on his behalf. 1381:Borden addressing troops in England, April 1917 1292:Conscription, Unionist Party, and 1917 election 6509:Members of the King's Privy Council for Canada 3870:Robert Borden – Parliament of Canada biography 3828:Robert Borden – Parliament of Canada biography 3796:Peacemakers: Six Months that Changed the World 3462:"The Right Honourable Sir Robert Laird Borden" 2995: 2581: 2579: 2577: 2575: 2573: 1754:breaking out, nearly 30,000 workers resigned. 1724:. In January 1923, a fifth one was added: the 1691: 1543:as a nation, it also ensured that each of the 935:second consecutive defeat at the polls in 1900 6479:Chancellors of Queen's University at Kingston 6180: 5800: 5503: 5155: 4819: 4421: 4219: 4205: 3892: 2967: 2008: 1823:As a delegate, Borden attended the 1921–1922 1806: 1341:The disputes over conscription triggered the 1176:In 1916, Borden's government established the 1008: 929:Leader of the Official Opposition (1901–1911) 735:. His great-grandfather, Perry Borden Sr. of 304:October 26, 1908 – December 16, 1917 6489:Converts to Anglicanism from Presbyterianism 5171:Leaders of the Official Opposition in Canada 3466:Former Prime Ministers and Their Grave Sites 2968:Roberts, Priscilla; Tucker, Spencer (2005). 2207: 2205: 2203: 2201: 2199: 2197: 2195: 2193: 2191: 2189: 2187: 2185: 2183: 2181: 2179: 2177: 2175: 2173: 2171: 2169: 2167: 2165: 2163: 2161: 2159: 2157: 2155: 2153: 2151: 2125:New England Historical Genealogical Society. 1831:from 1924 to 1930. He was Vice-President of 1275:In 1917, Borden's government introduced the 644:and sparking a national divide known as the 259:February 4, 1905 – January 25, 1909 4437:Leaders of the Conservative Party of Canada 3531: 3494:Christian, William Edward and C. Campbell, 3436:"CHA Presidents and Presidential Addresses" 3167: 2570: 2149: 2147: 2145: 2143: 2141: 2139: 2137: 2135: 2133: 2131: 828:'s request to move to Halifax and join the 6187: 6173: 5807: 5793: 5510: 5496: 5162: 5148: 4826: 4812: 4428: 4414: 4390: 4212: 4198: 2244:. McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP. p. 3. 2241:Robert Laird Borden: His Memoirs, Volume 1 743:land in this region in 1760 as one of the 58: 16:Prime Minister of Canada from 1911 to 1920 3778:Prime Ministers: Ranking Canada's Leaders 3768:Journal of Military and Strategic Studies 3496:Parties, Leaders and Ideologies in Canada 3045: 2688: 1933:Prime Ministers: Ranking Canada's Leaders 1136:on August 4, 1914, automatically brought 840:'s campaign to withdraw Nova Scotia from 442:(after 1886; until 1917, 1922–1937) 339:June 23, 1896 – November 2, 1904 167:February 6, 1901 – July 10, 1920 88:October 10, 1911 – July 10, 1920 4835:Conservative Party of Canada (1867–1942) 3805:1959, Vol. 25 Issue 3, pp. 271–286 3733:(v. 2) (the major scholarly biography); 3557: 3329: 3314: 3193: 2128: 1881: 1849: 1810: 1622: 1457:were interned under the measures of the 1376: 1328: 1220: 1120:. However, the trip was cut short after 1032: 943: 747:. The Borden family had immigrated from 719:, having accepted a knighthood in 1914. 5643:Ministers of External Affairs (1983–95) 4873:National Liberal and Conservative Party 3984:Secretary of State for External Affairs 3875:Newspaper clippings about Robert Borden 3608: 3168:Strong-Boag, Veronica (June 21, 2016). 3070: 2776: 2585: 2437:James Ciment; Thaddeus Russell (2007). 2034:(October 25, 1918 – September 30, 1929) 1453:Between 1914 and 1920, more than 8,500 965:; the Liberals won a slightly stronger 860:Judicial Committee of the Privy Council 6564:Burials at Beechwood Cemetery (Ottawa) 6426: 3558:Bradburn, Jamie (September 23, 2019). 3532:Granatstein, J.L. (November 5, 2018). 3356: 3288: 3262: 3236: 3096: 3019: 2662: 2588:"After the fighting, a nation changed" 2283: 2237: 1700:, Borden's government established the 212:December 17, 1917 – July 1920 6524:People of New England Planter descent 6519:People from Kings County, Nova Scotia 6168: 5788: 5491: 5143: 4807: 4409: 4193: 3891: 3357:Reilly, J. Nolan (February 7, 2006). 3289:Reilly, J. Nolan (February 7, 2006). 3263:Reilly, J. Nolan (February 7, 2006). 2777:Preston, Richard (February 7, 2006). 2611: 2539:"National Research Council of Canada" 2463: 1679:. In mid-1917, Borden agreed with MP 1600:Domestic policies and post-war Canada 989:In 1910 and 1911, Laurier proposed a 906:Campaigning in favour of his party's 802: 709:rankings of prime ministers of Canada 5684:Ministers of Foreign Affairs (1995–) 2854: 2802: 2747: 2360: 2307: 2293:. Toronto: Williams Briggs. p. 1984:Sir Robert Borden Junior High School 1660: 1604: 656:was re-elected with an overwhelming 6539:Grand Cross of the Legion of Honour 3609:Russell, Peter (February 7, 2006). 3071:Bundale, Brett (December 1, 2017). 2971:World War I: A Student Encyclopedia 2238:Borden, Robert (January 15, 1969). 2038: 1982:Borden was also honoured by having 1634: 1492:Borden and the Treaty of Versailles 1353:opposed it, as seen by protests in 973:the next year via a by-election in 13: 6494:Leaders of the Opposition (Canada) 6474:Canadian people of English descent 6195:Chancellors and Principals of the 3707: 2045:Electoral history of Robert Borden 1963:Borden was honoured by having two 1786:". Within days, the strike ended. 1627:Borden surveying the ruins of the 1349:supported the policy whereas most 1111: 902:Early political career (1896–1901) 886:On April 27, 1896, Borden went to 715:and the last prime minister to be 14: 6585: 3969:October 10, 1911 – July 10, 1920 3862:Photograph:Robert L. Borden, 1905 3819: 3359:"Winnipeg General Strike of 1919" 3291:"Winnipeg General Strike of 1919" 3265:"Winnipeg General Strike of 1919" 3237:Tucker, Albert (March 25, 2009). 3046:Armstrong, John Griffith (2002). 2855:Foot, Richard (August 12, 2015). 2803:Foot, Richard (August 12, 2015). 2748:Foot, Richard (August 12, 2015). 2689:Watson, William; Clemens, Jason. 2663:Bilbao, Maya (January 28, 2022). 2614:"Canada Financially Comes of Age" 2211: 2086:List of prime ministers of Canada 1718:National Transcontinental Railway 1586:International Labour Organization 1106:Order of St Michael and St George 1059:Manitoba Boundaries Extension Act 1013: 853:Local Council of Women of Halifax 723:Early life and career (1854–1874) 6469:20th-century Canadian memoirists 4389: 4380: 4379: 3938:Leader of the Conservative Party 3715:Robert Laird Borden: a biography 3685:Robert Laird Borden: his memoirs 3239:"Canadian National Railway (CN)" 3097:Cahill, Barry (September 2018). 3020:Denton, Herbert (May 29, 1987). 2941: 2914:"Ukrainian Internment in Canada" 2723:The Encyclopedia of Saskatchewan 2314:Dictionary of Canadian Biography 2218:Dictionary of Canadian Biography 2070: 2056: 2002:Canadian one-hundred-dollar note 1178:National Research Council Canada 1169:Borden's government created the 1143: 1063:Ontario Boundaries Extension Act 727:Borden was born and educated in 503: 484: 5816:Presidents of the Privy Council 4182:James Armstrong Richardson, Sr. 3702:by Robert Borden at archive.org 3694:by Robert Borden at archive.org 3692:Canadian Constitutional Studies 3658: 3628: 3602: 3577: 3551: 3525: 3500: 3488: 3453: 3428: 3401: 3376: 3350: 3308: 3282: 3256: 3230: 3212: 3187: 3161: 3136: 3090: 3064: 3039: 3013: 3004: 2961: 2848: 2822: 2796: 2741: 2711: 2682: 2656: 2631: 2612:Berry, Paul (October 2, 2018). 2605: 2556: 2530: 2497: 2483: 2457: 2430: 2405: 1956:, no others have been. However 1837:Canadian Historical Association 1827:. Borden was the Chancellor of 1320:Borden's government passed the 1197:Borden's government set up the 1128:. The next day, he returned to 1068:Quebec Boundaries Extension Act 1045:Also in 1912, the provinces of 688:, and controversially used the 470: 6236:James Armstrong Richardson Sr. 6197:Queen's University at Kingston 4003:President of the Privy Council 3194:McCreery, Christopher (2005). 2464:Smith, Denis (July 25, 2013). 2380: 2354: 2327: 2301: 2277: 2265: 2231: 2109: 1817:Royal Agricultural Winter Fair 1645:to allow women to run for the 1567:but no agreement was reached. 832:law firm headed by Graham and 652:composed of Conservatives and 1: 6459:19th-century Canadian lawyers 4143:William Christopher Macdonald 3683:1938: Borden, Robert (1938). 3585:"Progressive Party of Canada" 1935:, J. L. Granatstein and 1789: 1449:Ukrainian Canadian internment 1443:Ukrainian Canadian internment 1182:Dominion Bureau of Statistics 1118:Muskoka District Municipality 1093:On June 22, 1914, Borden was 684:railways by establishing the 5519:Ministers of Foreign Affairs 3857:Historic plaque at Grand-Pré 3794:MacMillan, Margaret (2003). 3170:"Women's Suffrage in Canada" 1732:1919 Winnipeg general strike 1696:On June 6, 1919, through an 1264:about businesses practising 1199:Canadian Expeditionary Force 617:Canadian Expeditionary Force 7: 6534:Unionist Party (Canada) MPs 4909:John Sparrow David Thompson 3879:20th Century Press Archives 3837:Library and Archives Canada 3713:Brown, Robert Craig (1975) 2509:Library and Archives Canada 2367:Manitoba Historical Society 2091:Conscription Crisis of 1917 2049: 2000:Borden has appeared on the 1971:part of Ottawa, and in the 1825:Washington Naval Conference 1722:Grand Trunk Pacific Railway 1692:Nationalization of railways 1657:women and men from voting. 1525:1919 Paris Peace Conference 1461:. Some immigrated from the 1343:Conscription Crisis of 1917 1298:Conscription Crisis of 1917 873:John Sparrow David Thompson 21:Robert Borden (TV producer) 10: 6590: 4867:Liberal-Conservative Party 2974:. Abc-Clio. p. 2372. 2042: 2009:Supreme Court appointments 1946: 1807:After politics (1920–1937) 1735: 1702:Canadian National Railways 1664: 1608: 1446: 1295: 1216: 1134:British declaration of war 1057:were expanded through the 1009:Prime Minister (1911–1920) 910:, Borden was elected as a 18: 6529:Prime ministers of Canada 6406: 6289: 6203: 5822: 5683: 5642: 5525: 5177: 5111: 5078: 5055: 5032: 5026:Related political parties 5025: 4964: 4891: 4859: 4841: 4735: 4691: 4670: 4562: 4462: 4447: 4375: 4227: 4221:Prime ministers of Canada 4178: 4165: 4157: 4147: 4139: 4134: 4124: 4115: 4107: 4097: 4088: 4080: 4070: 4061: 4053: 4043: 4034: 4026: 4019: 4009: 4000: 3992: 3981: 3973: 3962: 3954: 3944: 3935: 3925: 3916: 3908: 3903: 3898: 3893:Links to related articles 3636:"Albany Gateway - Borden" 3050:. UBC Press. p. 99. 2443:. ABC-CLIO. p. 423. 2340:The Canadian Encyclopedia 2274:at www.freemasonry.bcy.ca 1995:Borden, Western Australia 1988:Cole Harbour, Nova Scotia 1943:. Borden was ranked 7th. 1865: 1780:North-West Mounted Police 1714:Canadian Northern Railway 1561:League of Nations Mandate 1557:British Empire delegation 690:North-West Mounted Police 686:Canadian National Railway 654:pro-conscription Liberals 551:Canada during World War I 523: 492: 480: 455: 426: 415: 398: 374: 369: 365: 355: 343: 332: 320: 308: 297: 285: 275: 263: 252: 240: 228: 216: 205: 193: 183: 171: 160: 152: 140: 128: 102: 92: 81: 73: 69: 57: 30: 5129:Nationalist Conservative 5063:Progressive Conservative 4878:Conservative (1921–1938) 4564:Progressive Conservative 3965:Prime Minister of Canada 3919:Leader of the Opposition 3315:Bercuson, David (1990). 2886:"Conscription in Canada" 2102: 1967:named after him, in the 1020:Canada Grain Act of 1912 877:Canadian Bar Association 838:William Stevens Fielding 765:Portsmouth, Rhode Island 547:prime minister of Canada 76:Prime Minister of Canada 6464:Canadian King's Counsel 6226:Edward Wentworth Beatty 4161:Edward Wentworth Beatty 4151:Edward Wentworth Beatty 4128:Ernest William Robinson 3833:Sir Robert Borden fonds 3745:Canada: 1896–1921 3408:The Champlain Society. 3224:Privy Council of Canada 2272:Sir Robert Laird Borden 2015:Supreme Court of Canada 1918:minister of agriculture 1815:Borden speaking at the 1752:Winnipeg general strike 1738:Winnipeg general strike 1683:'s proposal to abolish 1406:conscientious objectors 1171:Canadian Patriotic Fund 694:Winnipeg general strike 680:for federal elections, 530:Sir Robert Laird Borden 350:John Fitzwilliam Stairs 235:Ernest William Robinson 6514:Lawyers in Nova Scotia 6348:Robert Charles Wallace 3842:Works by Robert Borden 3669:Borden, Robert (1971) 2779:"Military Service Act" 2719:"Canadian Wheat Board" 2665:"Income Tax in Canada" 2491:War Measures Act, 1914 2032:Pierre-Basile Mignault 1997:, was named after him. 1894: 1855: 1820: 1667:Canadian titles debate 1642:Dominion Elections Act 1631: 1514:British Prime Minister 1510: 1382: 1338: 1234: 1042: 949: 939:Charles Hibbert Tupper 937:. Tupper, and his son 834:Charles Hibbert Tupper 818:Kentville, Nova Scotia 737:Tiverton, Rhode Island 729:Grand-Pré, Nova Scotia 666:Paris Peace Conference 558:Grand-Pré, Nova Scotia 120:The Duke of Devonshire 6353:W. A. Mackintosh 6343:William Hamilton Fyfe 6246:John Bertram Stirling 6241:Charles Avery Dunning 4111:Arthur de Witt Foster 3770:13.3 (2011) pp 1–24. 3615:Canadian Encyclopedia 3363:Canadian Encyclopedia 3295:Canadian Encyclopedia 3269:Canadian Encyclopedia 3243:Canadian Encyclopedia 3174:Canadian Encyclopedia 3115:10.1353/aca.2018.0020 2918:Canadian Encyclopedia 2890:Canadian Encyclopedia 2861:Canadian Encyclopedia 2809:Canadian Encyclopedia 2783:Canadian Encyclopedia 2754:Canadian Encyclopedia 2669:Canadian Encyclopedia 2618:Bank of Canada Museum 2543:Canadian Encyclopedia 2470:Canadian Encyclopedia 2121:July 2, 2019, at the 1922:1921 federal election 1885: 1853: 1833:The Champlain Society 1814: 1710:Intercolonial Railway 1681:William Folger Nickle 1665:Further information: 1626: 1579:French Prime Minister 1512:On October 27, 1918, 1506: 1421:1882 federal election 1400:Wartime Elections Act 1387:1917 federal election 1380: 1332: 1224: 1073:Northwest Territories 1036: 999:1911 federal election 984:1908 federal election 963:1904 federal election 947: 916:1896 federal election 809:articles of clerkship 692:to break up the 1919 662:1917 federal election 602:1911 federal election 578:1896 federal election 562:articles of clerkship 499:Robert Borden's voice 223:Arthur de Witt Foster 115:The Duke of Connaught 6373:David Chadwick Smith 6368:Ronald Lampman Watts 6216:Sir Sandford Fleming 4449:Liberal-Conservative 4021:Parliament of Canada 3589:Marianopolis College 3226:. December 20, 1918. 3144:"Extending the Vote" 2834:Government of Canada 2643:Government of Canada 2098:, named after Borden 1801:William Thomas White 1647:Parliament of Canada 1549:Treaty of Versailles 1535:of the much smaller 1523:Borden attended the 1359:coalition government 1323:Military Service Act 1313:the Allied countries 1286:Canadian Wheat Board 1243:William Thomas White 912:member of Parliament 811:for four years at a 745:New England Planters 648:. Despite this, his 327:Peter Francis Martin 287:Member of Parliament 242:Member of Parliament 195:Member of Parliament 33:The Right Honourable 6559:Canadian Freemasons 6338:Robert Bruce Taylor 6333:Daniel Miner Gordon 5046:Upper Canada Tories 4945:Robert James Manion 4882:National Government 4064:MP for Carleton, ON 3977:William James Roche 3642:on October 16, 2007 3611:"Progressive Party" 3512:Canadian War Museum 3508:"Sir Robert Borden" 3476:on November 2, 2014 3416:on October 27, 2014 3010:MacMillan p.107–114 2944:"Sir Robert Borden" 2515:on October 13, 2012 2285:Morgan, Henry James 1986:named after him in 1916:, who was Borden's 1877:Canadian War Museum 1854:Borden's grave site 1726:Grand Trunk Railway 1655:Indigenous Canadian 1455:Ukrainian Canadians 1393:Military Voters Act 1304:Imperial Conference 864:Bank of Nova Scotia 797:Matawan, New Jersey 646:Conscription Crisis 580:, representing the 556:Borden was born in 379:Robert Laird Borden 6449:Canadian Anglicans 6408:* indicates acting 6388:Thomas R. Williams 6383:Karen R. Hitchcock 6378:William C. Leggett 6363:John James Deutsch 6328:George Monro Grant 6266:A. Charles Baillie 4172:Queen's University 4101:Michael A. MacLean 4091:MP for Halifax, NS 4037:MP for Halifax, NS 3904:Political offices 3811:Thornton, Martin. 2857:"Election of 1917" 2836:. November 3, 1999 2805:"Election of 1917" 2750:"Election of 1917" 2586:Granatstein, J.L. 2466:"War Measures Act" 2022:Louis Henry Davies 1958:R. B. Bennett 1895: 1860:Beechwood Cemetery 1856: 1829:Queen's University 1821: 1632: 1582:Georges Clemenceau 1517:David Lloyd George 1383: 1339: 1235: 1043: 975:Carleton (Ontario) 950: 803:Lawyer (1874–1896) 775:, was a prominent 701:Queen's University 600:. However, in the 582:Conservative Party 420:Beechwood Cemetery 155:Conservative Party 6419: 6418: 6413: 6412: 6323:William Snodgrass 6256:Agnes Benidickson 6231:Sir Robert Borden 6162: 6161: 5782: 5781: 5485: 5484: 5137: 5136: 5107: 5106: 5098:Canadian Alliance 4899:John A. Macdonald 4801: 4800: 4693:Canadian Alliance 4403: 4402: 4188: 4187: 4179:Succeeded by 4148:Succeeded by 4135:Academic offices 4125:Succeeded by 4098:Succeeded by 4071:Succeeded by 4044:Succeeded by 4010:Succeeded by 4007:1911 – 1917 3945:Succeeded by 3926:Succeeded by 3815:(Springer, 2013). 3788:; pp. 61–74. 3057:978-0-7748-0891-0 2494:, SC 1914, c. 2. 2450:978-1-57607-849-5 2335:"Wilfrid Laurier" 2310:"Wilfrid Laurier" 1965:secondary schools 1954:Nickle Resolution 1910:Progressive Party 1899:J. L. Granatstein 1706:Crown Corporation 1685:Hereditary titles 1661:Nickle Resolution 1629:Halifax Explosion 1617:Halifax Explosion 1611:Halifax Explosion 1605:Halifax Explosion 1553:League of Nations 1465:countries of the 1368:Liberal–Unionists 1347:English Canadians 1225:Borden opening a 1192:Statistics Canada 1190:. It was renamed 954:Canadian Northern 674:Halifax Explosion 606:trade reciprocity 570:called to the bar 568:law firm. He was 527: 526: 509: 448:(1917–1922) 422:, Ottawa, Ontario 411:, Ontario, Canada 103:Governors General 37:Sir Robert Borden 6581: 6189: 6182: 6175: 6166: 6165: 5809: 5802: 5795: 5786: 5785: 5745: 5512: 5505: 5498: 5489: 5488: 5164: 5157: 5150: 5141: 5140: 5030: 5029: 4914:Mackenzie Bowell 4828: 4821: 4814: 4805: 4804: 4794: 4787: 4779: 4772: 4765: 4757: 4750: 4728: 4721: 4713: 4706: 4684: 4663: 4656: 4649: 4641: 4634: 4627: 4620: 4612: 4605: 4598: 4591: 4583: 4576: 4555: 4548: 4540: 4533: 4526: 4518: 4511: 4504: 4497: 4490: 4483: 4476: 4430: 4423: 4416: 4407: 4406: 4393: 4392: 4383: 4382: 4214: 4207: 4200: 4191: 4190: 4158:Preceded by 4140:Preceded by 4122:1917–1921 4118:MP for Kings, NS 4108:Preceded by 4095:1909–1917 4081:Preceded by 4068:1905–1909 4054:Preceded by 4041:1896–1904 4027:Preceded by 3993:Preceded by 3988:1912–1920 3974:Preceded by 3955:Preceded by 3942:1901–1920 3909:Preceded by 3901: 3900: 3889: 3888: 3780:. HarperCollins 3671:Letters to Limbo 3652: 3651: 3649: 3647: 3638:. Archived from 3632: 3626: 3625: 3623: 3621: 3606: 3600: 3599: 3597: 3595: 3581: 3575: 3574: 3572: 3570: 3555: 3549: 3548: 3546: 3544: 3529: 3523: 3522: 3520: 3518: 3504: 3498: 3492: 3486: 3485: 3483: 3481: 3472:. Archived from 3457: 3451: 3450: 3448: 3446: 3432: 3426: 3425: 3423: 3421: 3412:. Archived from 3405: 3399: 3398: 3396: 3394: 3380: 3374: 3373: 3371: 3369: 3354: 3348: 3347: 3327: 3321: 3320: 3312: 3306: 3305: 3303: 3301: 3286: 3280: 3279: 3277: 3275: 3260: 3254: 3253: 3251: 3249: 3234: 3228: 3227: 3216: 3210: 3209: 3191: 3185: 3184: 3182: 3180: 3165: 3159: 3158: 3156: 3154: 3140: 3134: 3133: 3131: 3129: 3094: 3088: 3087: 3085: 3083: 3068: 3062: 3061: 3043: 3037: 3036: 3034: 3032: 3017: 3011: 3008: 3002: 2999: 2993: 2992: 2990: 2988: 2965: 2959: 2958: 2956: 2954: 2942:Copp, J. Terry. 2939: 2930: 2929: 2927: 2925: 2910: 2901: 2900: 2898: 2896: 2881: 2872: 2871: 2869: 2867: 2852: 2846: 2845: 2843: 2841: 2826: 2820: 2819: 2817: 2815: 2800: 2794: 2793: 2791: 2789: 2774: 2765: 2764: 2762: 2760: 2745: 2739: 2738: 2736: 2734: 2729:on June 13, 2021 2725:. Archived from 2715: 2709: 2708: 2706: 2704: 2698:Fraser Institute 2695: 2686: 2680: 2679: 2677: 2675: 2660: 2654: 2653: 2651: 2649: 2635: 2629: 2628: 2626: 2624: 2609: 2603: 2602: 2600: 2598: 2583: 2568: 2567: 2560: 2554: 2553: 2551: 2549: 2534: 2528: 2527: 2522: 2520: 2511:. Archived from 2501: 2495: 2487: 2481: 2480: 2478: 2476: 2461: 2455: 2454: 2434: 2428: 2427: 2425: 2423: 2409: 2403: 2402: 2400: 2398: 2384: 2378: 2377: 2375: 2373: 2358: 2352: 2351: 2349: 2347: 2331: 2325: 2324: 2322: 2320: 2308:Bélanger, Réal. 2305: 2299: 2298: 2281: 2275: 2269: 2263: 2262: 2260: 2258: 2235: 2229: 2228: 2226: 2224: 2209: 2126: 2113: 2080: 2075: 2074: 2066: 2061: 2060: 2059: 2039:Electoral record 1763:Gideon Robertson 1698:Order in Council 1635:Women's suffrage 1504:, Borden wrote: 1459:War Measures Act 1433:War Measures Act 1372:Laurier Liberals 1351:French Canadians 1270:Second World War 1266:war profiteering 1239:finance minister 1160:House of Commons 1156:Order in Council 1151:War Measures Act 1104:awarded him the 971:House of Commons 892:Mackenzie Bowell 773:Frederick Borden 733:Annapolis Valley 678:women's suffrage 622:War Measures Act 574:House of Commons 544: 511: 510: 488: 474: 472: 405: 388: 386: 370:Personal details 358: 346: 337: 323: 311: 302: 278: 266: 257: 231: 219: 210: 186: 174: 165: 143: 131: 86: 62: 52: 28: 27: 6589: 6588: 6584: 6583: 6582: 6580: 6579: 6578: 6424: 6423: 6420: 6415: 6414: 6409: 6402: 6285: 6281:Murray Sinclair 6251:Roland Michener 6199: 6193: 6163: 6158: 5818: 5813: 5783: 5778: 5743: 5679: 5638: 5521: 5516: 5486: 5481: 5173: 5168: 5138: 5133: 5103: 5074: 5051: 5021: 4960: 4887: 4855: 4837: 4832: 4802: 4797: 4790: 4782: 4775: 4768: 4760: 4753: 4745: 4731: 4724: 4716: 4709: 4701: 4687: 4680: 4666: 4659: 4652: 4644: 4637: 4630: 4623: 4615: 4608: 4601: 4594: 4586: 4579: 4572: 4558: 4551: 4543: 4536: 4529: 4521: 4514: 4507: 4500: 4493: 4486: 4479: 4472: 4458: 4443: 4434: 4404: 4399: 4371: 4223: 4218: 4184: 4175: 4163: 4153: 4145: 4130: 4121: 4113: 4103: 4094: 4086: 4076: 4067: 4059: 4049: 4040: 4032: 4015: 4006: 3998: 3996:Wilfrid Laurier 3987: 3979: 3968: 3960: 3958:Wilfrid Laurier 3950: 3941: 3931: 3929:Wilfrid Laurier 3922: 3914: 3894: 3864:- McCord Museum 3822: 3710: 3708:Further reading 3661: 3656: 3655: 3645: 3643: 3634: 3633: 3629: 3619: 3617: 3607: 3603: 3593: 3591: 3583: 3582: 3578: 3568: 3566: 3556: 3552: 3542: 3540: 3530: 3526: 3516: 3514: 3506: 3505: 3501: 3493: 3489: 3479: 3477: 3458: 3454: 3444: 3442: 3434: 3433: 3429: 3419: 3417: 3406: 3402: 3392: 3390: 3382: 3381: 3377: 3367: 3365: 3355: 3351: 3344: 3328: 3324: 3313: 3309: 3299: 3297: 3287: 3283: 3273: 3271: 3261: 3257: 3247: 3245: 3235: 3231: 3218: 3217: 3213: 3206: 3192: 3188: 3178: 3176: 3166: 3162: 3152: 3150: 3142: 3141: 3137: 3127: 3125: 3095: 3091: 3081: 3079: 3069: 3065: 3058: 3044: 3040: 3030: 3028: 3018: 3014: 3009: 3005: 3000: 2996: 2986: 2984: 2982: 2966: 2962: 2952: 2950: 2940: 2933: 2923: 2921: 2912: 2911: 2904: 2894: 2892: 2882: 2875: 2865: 2863: 2853: 2849: 2839: 2837: 2828: 2827: 2823: 2813: 2811: 2801: 2797: 2787: 2785: 2775: 2768: 2758: 2756: 2746: 2742: 2732: 2730: 2717: 2716: 2712: 2702: 2700: 2693: 2687: 2683: 2673: 2671: 2661: 2657: 2647: 2645: 2637: 2636: 2632: 2622: 2620: 2610: 2606: 2596: 2594: 2584: 2571: 2562: 2561: 2557: 2547: 2545: 2535: 2531: 2518: 2516: 2503: 2502: 2498: 2488: 2484: 2474: 2472: 2462: 2458: 2451: 2435: 2431: 2421: 2419: 2417:York University 2411: 2410: 2406: 2396: 2394: 2392:York University 2386: 2385: 2381: 2371: 2369: 2361:Mochoruk, Jim. 2359: 2355: 2345: 2343: 2333: 2332: 2328: 2318: 2316: 2306: 2302: 2282: 2278: 2270: 2266: 2256: 2254: 2252: 2236: 2232: 2222: 2220: 2214:"Robert Borden" 2212:Brown, Robert. 2210: 2129: 2123:Wayback Machine 2114: 2110: 2105: 2078:Politics portal 2076: 2069: 2062: 2057: 2055: 2052: 2047: 2041: 2011: 1949: 1888:Parliament Hill 1868: 1809: 1792: 1784:Bloody Saturday 1768:Immigration Act 1740: 1734: 1694: 1669: 1663: 1637: 1613: 1607: 1602: 1590:Charles Doherty 1547:could sign the 1494: 1471:Austria-Hungary 1451: 1445: 1390:introduced the 1300: 1294: 1219: 1211:voluntary force 1146: 1114: 1112:First World War 1037:Sir Robert and 1028:grain elevators 1016: 1011: 1003:National Policy 931: 920:Wilfrid Laurier 908:National Policy 904: 805: 739:, had taken up 725: 590:Wilfrid Laurier 532: 519: 518: 517: 516: 515: 512: 504: 501: 476: 473: 1889) 468: 464: 451: 427:Political party 407: 403: 390: 384: 382: 381: 380: 356: 344: 338: 333: 321: 309: 303: 298: 289: 276: 264: 258: 253: 244: 229: 217: 211: 206: 197: 184: 172: 166: 161: 141: 135:Wilfrid Laurier 129: 124: 87: 82: 65: 53: 40: 38: 35: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 6587: 6577: 6576: 6571: 6566: 6561: 6556: 6551: 6546: 6541: 6536: 6531: 6526: 6521: 6516: 6511: 6506: 6501: 6496: 6491: 6486: 6484:Cornell family 6481: 6476: 6471: 6466: 6461: 6456: 6451: 6446: 6441: 6436: 6417: 6416: 6411: 6410: 6407: 6404: 6403: 6401: 6400: 6395: 6390: 6385: 6380: 6375: 6370: 6365: 6360: 6355: 6350: 6345: 6340: 6335: 6330: 6325: 6320: 6318:William Leitch 6315: 6310: 6304: 6299: 6297:Thomas Liddell 6293: 6291: 6287: 6286: 6284: 6283: 6278: 6273: 6271:David A. Dodge 6268: 6263: 6261:Peter Lougheed 6258: 6253: 6248: 6243: 6238: 6233: 6228: 6223: 6218: 6213: 6207: 6205: 6201: 6200: 6192: 6191: 6184: 6177: 6169: 6160: 6159: 6157: 6156: 6151: 6146: 6141: 6136: 6131: 6126: 6121: 6116: 6111: 6106: 6101: 6096: 6091: 6086: 6081: 6076: 6071: 6066: 6061: 6056: 6051: 6046: 6041: 6036: 6031: 6026: 6021: 6015: 6009: 6004: 5999: 5994: 5989: 5984: 5979: 5974: 5969: 5964: 5959: 5954: 5949: 5944: 5939: 5934: 5929: 5924: 5919: 5914: 5909: 5904: 5899: 5894: 5889: 5884: 5879: 5874: 5869: 5864: 5859: 5854: 5849: 5844: 5839: 5834: 5829: 5823: 5820: 5819: 5812: 5811: 5804: 5797: 5789: 5780: 5779: 5777: 5776: 5771: 5766: 5761: 5756: 5751: 5746: 5738: 5733: 5728: 5723: 5718: 5713: 5708: 5703: 5698: 5693: 5687: 5685: 5681: 5680: 5678: 5677: 5672: 5667: 5662: 5657: 5652: 5646: 5644: 5640: 5639: 5637: 5636: 5631: 5626: 5621: 5616: 5611: 5606: 5601: 5595: 5590: 5585: 5580: 5575: 5570: 5565: 5560: 5555: 5550: 5545: 5540: 5535: 5529: 5527: 5523: 5522: 5515: 5514: 5507: 5500: 5492: 5483: 5482: 5480: 5479: 5474: 5469: 5464: 5459: 5454: 5449: 5444: 5439: 5434: 5429: 5424: 5419: 5414: 5409: 5404: 5399: 5394: 5389: 5384: 5379: 5374: 5369: 5364: 5359: 5354: 5349: 5344: 5339: 5334: 5329: 5324: 5319: 5314: 5309: 5304: 5299: 5294: 5289: 5284: 5279: 5274: 5269: 5264: 5259: 5254: 5249: 5244: 5239: 5234: 5229: 5224: 5219: 5214: 5209: 5204: 5199: 5194: 5189: 5184: 5178: 5175: 5174: 5167: 5166: 5159: 5152: 5144: 5135: 5134: 5132: 5131: 5126: 5121: 5115: 5113: 5109: 5108: 5105: 5104: 5102: 5101: 5095: 5089: 5082: 5080: 5076: 5075: 5073: 5072: 5071:(2003–present) 5066: 5059: 5057: 5053: 5052: 5050: 5049: 5043: 5036: 5034: 5027: 5023: 5022: 5020: 5019: 5014: 5009: 5004: 4999: 4994: 4989: 4984: 4979: 4974: 4968: 4966: 4962: 4961: 4959: 4958: 4956:Arthur Meighen 4953: 4950:Richard Hanson 4947: 4942: 4937: 4931: 4929:Arthur Meighen 4926: 4921: 4919:Charles Tupper 4916: 4911: 4906: 4901: 4895: 4893: 4889: 4888: 4886: 4885: 4879: 4876: 4870: 4863: 4861: 4860:Official names 4857: 4856: 4854: 4853: 4848: 4842: 4839: 4838: 4831: 4830: 4823: 4816: 4808: 4799: 4798: 4796: 4795: 4788: 4780: 4773: 4766: 4758: 4751: 4747:Lynch-Staunton 4742: 4740: 4739:(2003–present) 4733: 4732: 4730: 4729: 4722: 4714: 4707: 4698: 4696: 4689: 4688: 4686: 4685: 4677: 4675: 4668: 4667: 4665: 4664: 4657: 4650: 4642: 4635: 4628: 4621: 4613: 4606: 4599: 4592: 4584: 4577: 4569: 4567: 4560: 4559: 4557: 4556: 4549: 4541: 4534: 4527: 4519: 4512: 4505: 4498: 4491: 4484: 4477: 4469: 4467: 4460: 4459: 4454: 4452: 4445: 4444: 4433: 4432: 4425: 4418: 4410: 4401: 4400: 4398: 4397: 4387: 4376: 4373: 4372: 4370: 4369: 4364: 4359: 4354: 4349: 4344: 4339: 4334: 4329: 4324: 4319: 4314: 4309: 4304: 4299: 4294: 4289: 4284: 4279: 4274: 4269: 4264: 4259: 4254: 4249: 4244: 4239: 4234: 4228: 4225: 4224: 4217: 4216: 4209: 4202: 4194: 4186: 4185: 4180: 4177: 4164: 4159: 4155: 4154: 4149: 4146: 4141: 4137: 4136: 4132: 4131: 4126: 4123: 4114: 4109: 4105: 4104: 4099: 4096: 4087: 4084:Michael Carney 4082: 4078: 4077: 4072: 4069: 4060: 4055: 4051: 4050: 4047:Michael Carney 4045: 4042: 4033: 4030:John F. Stairs 4028: 4024: 4023: 4017: 4016: 4011: 4008: 3999: 3994: 3990: 3989: 3980: 3975: 3971: 3970: 3961: 3956: 3952: 3951: 3948:Arthur Meighen 3946: 3943: 3933: 3932: 3927: 3924: 3915: 3912:Charles Tupper 3910: 3906: 3905: 3899: 3896: 3895: 3886: 3885: 3872: 3867: 3865: 3859: 3854: 3849: 3839: 3830: 3825: 3821: 3820:External links 3818: 3817: 3816: 3809: 3799: 3792: 3789: 3774: 3764: 3754: 3748: 3741: 3709: 3706: 3705: 3704: 3696: 3688: 3681: 3660: 3657: 3654: 3653: 3627: 3601: 3576: 3550: 3524: 3499: 3487: 3452: 3427: 3400: 3388:www.queensu.ca 3375: 3349: 3343:978-0888620576 3342: 3322: 3307: 3281: 3255: 3229: 3211: 3204: 3186: 3160: 3135: 3089: 3063: 3056: 3038: 3012: 3003: 3001:MacMillan p.71 2994: 2980: 2960: 2931: 2920:. June 5, 2018 2902: 2873: 2847: 2821: 2795: 2766: 2740: 2710: 2681: 2655: 2630: 2604: 2569: 2555: 2529: 2496: 2482: 2456: 2449: 2429: 2404: 2379: 2353: 2326: 2300: 2287:, ed. (1903). 2276: 2264: 2250: 2230: 2127: 2107: 2106: 2104: 2101: 2100: 2099: 2093: 2088: 2082: 2081: 2067: 2051: 2048: 2043:Main article: 2040: 2037: 2036: 2035: 2029: 2026:Puisne Justice 2010: 2007: 2006: 2005: 1998: 1991: 1980: 1961: 1948: 1945: 1937:Norman Hillmer 1931:In their book 1926:Western Canada 1867: 1864: 1808: 1805: 1791: 1788: 1759:Arthur Meighen 1736:Main article: 1733: 1730: 1693: 1690: 1662: 1659: 1651:Asian Canadian 1636: 1633: 1609:Main article: 1606: 1603: 1601: 1598: 1575:Woodrow Wilson 1572:U.S. President 1533:prime minister 1493: 1490: 1479:Western Canada 1475:Ottoman Empire 1463:Central Powers 1447:Main article: 1444: 1441: 1364:Unionist Party 1293: 1290: 1218: 1215: 1187:Statistics Act 1145: 1142: 1140:into the war. 1113: 1110: 1015: 1014:Pre-war Canada 1012: 1010: 1007: 930: 927: 903: 900: 888:Charles Tupper 826:Wallace Graham 804: 801: 761:Thomas Cornell 753:Robert Denison 749:Headcorn, Kent 724: 721: 650:Unionist Party 586:Charles Tupper 584:. He replaced 525: 524: 521: 520: 513: 502: 497: 496: 495: 494: 493: 490: 489: 482: 478: 477: 466: 460: 459: 457: 453: 452: 450: 449: 443: 437: 430: 428: 424: 423: 417: 413: 412: 406:(aged 82) 400: 396: 395: 378: 376: 372: 371: 367: 366: 363: 362: 361:Michael Carney 359: 353: 352: 347: 341: 340: 330: 329: 324: 318: 317: 315:Michael Carney 312: 306: 305: 295: 294: 283: 282: 279: 273: 272: 267: 261: 260: 250: 249: 238: 237: 232: 226: 225: 220: 214: 213: 203: 202: 191: 190: 189:Arthur Meighen 187: 181: 180: 178:Charles Tupper 175: 169: 168: 158: 157: 153:Leader of the 150: 149: 147:Arthur Meighen 144: 138: 137: 132: 126: 125: 123: 122: 117: 112: 106: 104: 100: 99: 94: 90: 89: 79: 78: 71: 70: 67: 66: 64:Borden in 1918 63: 55: 54: 39: 36: 31: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6586: 6575: 6572: 6570: 6567: 6565: 6562: 6560: 6557: 6555: 6552: 6550: 6547: 6545: 6542: 6540: 6537: 6535: 6532: 6530: 6527: 6525: 6522: 6520: 6517: 6515: 6512: 6510: 6507: 6505: 6502: 6500: 6497: 6495: 6492: 6490: 6487: 6485: 6482: 6480: 6477: 6475: 6472: 6470: 6467: 6465: 6462: 6460: 6457: 6455: 6452: 6450: 6447: 6445: 6442: 6440: 6437: 6435: 6434:Robert Borden 6432: 6431: 6429: 6422: 6405: 6399: 6398:Patrick Deane 6396: 6394: 6391: 6389: 6386: 6384: 6381: 6379: 6376: 6374: 6371: 6369: 6366: 6364: 6361: 6359: 6356: 6354: 6351: 6349: 6346: 6344: 6341: 6339: 6336: 6334: 6331: 6329: 6326: 6324: 6321: 6319: 6316: 6314: 6311: 6308: 6305: 6303: 6300: 6298: 6295: 6294: 6292: 6288: 6282: 6279: 6277: 6274: 6272: 6269: 6267: 6264: 6262: 6259: 6257: 6254: 6252: 6249: 6247: 6244: 6242: 6239: 6237: 6234: 6232: 6229: 6227: 6224: 6222: 6221:James Douglas 6219: 6217: 6214: 6212: 6209: 6208: 6206: 6202: 6198: 6190: 6185: 6183: 6178: 6176: 6171: 6170: 6167: 6155: 6152: 6150: 6147: 6145: 6142: 6140: 6137: 6135: 6132: 6130: 6127: 6125: 6122: 6120: 6117: 6115: 6112: 6110: 6107: 6105: 6102: 6100: 6097: 6095: 6092: 6090: 6087: 6085: 6082: 6080: 6077: 6075: 6072: 6070: 6067: 6065: 6062: 6060: 6057: 6055: 6052: 6050: 6047: 6045: 6042: 6040: 6037: 6035: 6032: 6030: 6027: 6025: 6022: 6019: 6016: 6013: 6010: 6008: 6005: 6003: 6000: 5998: 5995: 5993: 5990: 5988: 5985: 5983: 5980: 5978: 5975: 5973: 5970: 5968: 5965: 5963: 5960: 5958: 5955: 5953: 5950: 5948: 5945: 5943: 5940: 5938: 5935: 5933: 5930: 5928: 5925: 5923: 5920: 5918: 5915: 5913: 5910: 5908: 5905: 5903: 5900: 5898: 5895: 5893: 5890: 5888: 5885: 5883: 5880: 5878: 5875: 5873: 5870: 5868: 5865: 5863: 5860: 5858: 5855: 5853: 5850: 5848: 5845: 5843: 5840: 5838: 5835: 5833: 5830: 5828: 5825: 5824: 5821: 5817: 5810: 5805: 5803: 5798: 5796: 5791: 5790: 5787: 5775: 5772: 5770: 5767: 5765: 5762: 5760: 5757: 5755: 5752: 5750: 5747: 5742: 5739: 5737: 5734: 5732: 5729: 5727: 5724: 5722: 5719: 5717: 5714: 5712: 5709: 5707: 5704: 5702: 5699: 5697: 5694: 5692: 5689: 5688: 5686: 5682: 5676: 5673: 5671: 5668: 5666: 5663: 5661: 5658: 5656: 5653: 5651: 5648: 5647: 5645: 5641: 5635: 5632: 5630: 5627: 5625: 5622: 5620: 5617: 5615: 5612: 5610: 5607: 5605: 5602: 5599: 5596: 5594: 5591: 5589: 5586: 5584: 5581: 5579: 5576: 5574: 5571: 5569: 5566: 5564: 5561: 5559: 5556: 5554: 5551: 5549: 5546: 5544: 5541: 5539: 5536: 5534: 5531: 5530: 5528: 5524: 5520: 5513: 5508: 5506: 5501: 5499: 5494: 5493: 5490: 5478: 5475: 5473: 5470: 5468: 5465: 5463: 5460: 5458: 5455: 5453: 5450: 5448: 5445: 5443: 5440: 5438: 5435: 5433: 5430: 5428: 5425: 5423: 5420: 5418: 5415: 5413: 5410: 5408: 5405: 5403: 5400: 5398: 5395: 5393: 5390: 5388: 5385: 5383: 5380: 5378: 5375: 5373: 5370: 5368: 5365: 5363: 5360: 5358: 5355: 5353: 5350: 5348: 5345: 5343: 5340: 5338: 5335: 5333: 5330: 5328: 5325: 5323: 5320: 5318: 5315: 5313: 5310: 5308: 5305: 5303: 5300: 5298: 5295: 5293: 5290: 5288: 5285: 5283: 5280: 5278: 5275: 5273: 5270: 5268: 5265: 5263: 5260: 5258: 5255: 5253: 5250: 5248: 5245: 5243: 5240: 5238: 5235: 5233: 5230: 5228: 5225: 5223: 5220: 5218: 5215: 5213: 5210: 5208: 5205: 5203: 5200: 5198: 5195: 5193: 5190: 5188: 5185: 5183: 5180: 5179: 5176: 5172: 5165: 5160: 5158: 5153: 5151: 5146: 5145: 5142: 5130: 5127: 5125: 5122: 5120: 5117: 5116: 5114: 5112:Miscellaneous 5110: 5099: 5096: 5093: 5090: 5087: 5084: 5083: 5081: 5077: 5070: 5067: 5064: 5061: 5060: 5058: 5054: 5047: 5044: 5041: 5038: 5037: 5035: 5031: 5028: 5024: 5018: 5015: 5013: 5010: 5008: 5005: 5003: 5000: 4998: 4995: 4993: 4990: 4988: 4985: 4983: 4980: 4978: 4975: 4973: 4970: 4969: 4967: 4963: 4957: 4954: 4951: 4948: 4946: 4943: 4941: 4940:R. B. Bennett 4938: 4935: 4932: 4930: 4927: 4925: 4924:Robert Borden 4922: 4920: 4917: 4915: 4912: 4910: 4907: 4905: 4902: 4900: 4897: 4896: 4894: 4890: 4883: 4880: 4877: 4874: 4871: 4868: 4865: 4864: 4862: 4858: 4852: 4849: 4847: 4844: 4843: 4840: 4836: 4829: 4824: 4822: 4817: 4815: 4810: 4809: 4806: 4793: 4789: 4785: 4781: 4778: 4774: 4771: 4767: 4763: 4759: 4756: 4752: 4748: 4744: 4743: 4741: 4738: 4734: 4727: 4723: 4719: 4715: 4712: 4708: 4704: 4700: 4699: 4697: 4694: 4690: 4683: 4679: 4678: 4676: 4673: 4669: 4662: 4658: 4655: 4651: 4647: 4643: 4640: 4636: 4633: 4629: 4626: 4622: 4618: 4614: 4611: 4607: 4604: 4600: 4597: 4593: 4589: 4585: 4582: 4578: 4575: 4571: 4570: 4568: 4565: 4561: 4554: 4550: 4546: 4542: 4539: 4535: 4532: 4528: 4524: 4520: 4517: 4513: 4510: 4506: 4503: 4499: 4496: 4492: 4489: 4485: 4482: 4478: 4475: 4471: 4470: 4468: 4465: 4461: 4457: 4453: 4450: 4446: 4442: 4438: 4431: 4426: 4424: 4419: 4417: 4412: 4411: 4408: 4396: 4388: 4386: 4378: 4377: 4374: 4368: 4365: 4363: 4360: 4358: 4355: 4353: 4350: 4348: 4345: 4343: 4340: 4338: 4335: 4333: 4332:P. E. Trudeau 4330: 4328: 4325: 4323: 4322:P. E. Trudeau 4320: 4318: 4315: 4313: 4310: 4308: 4305: 4303: 4300: 4298: 4295: 4293: 4290: 4288: 4285: 4283: 4280: 4278: 4275: 4273: 4270: 4268: 4265: 4263: 4260: 4258: 4255: 4253: 4250: 4248: 4245: 4243: 4240: 4238: 4235: 4233: 4230: 4229: 4226: 4222: 4215: 4210: 4208: 4203: 4201: 4196: 4195: 4192: 4183: 4174: 4173: 4169: 4162: 4156: 4152: 4144: 4138: 4133: 4129: 4120: 4119: 4112: 4106: 4102: 4093: 4092: 4085: 4079: 4075: 4066: 4065: 4058: 4052: 4048: 4039: 4038: 4031: 4025: 4022: 4018: 4014: 4013:Newton Rowell 4005: 4004: 3997: 3991: 3986: 3985: 3978: 3972: 3967: 3966: 3959: 3953: 3949: 3940: 3939: 3934: 3930: 3921: 3920: 3913: 3907: 3902: 3897: 3890: 3884: 3880: 3876: 3873: 3871: 3868: 3866: 3863: 3860: 3858: 3855: 3853: 3850: 3847: 3843: 3840: 3838: 3834: 3831: 3829: 3826: 3824: 3823: 3814: 3810: 3808: 3804: 3800: 3797: 3793: 3790: 3787: 3786:0-00-200027-X 3783: 3779: 3775: 3773: 3769: 3765: 3763: 3760:(2012) 472pp 3759: 3755: 3753: 3749: 3746: 3742: 3740: 3736: 3732: 3731:0-7705-1854-0 3728: 3724: 3723:0-7705-1317-4 3720: 3716: 3712: 3711: 3703: 3701: 3697: 3695: 3693: 3689: 3686: 3682: 3680: 3679:0-8020-1839-4 3676: 3672: 3668: 3667: 3666: 3665: 3664:By Sir Robert 3641: 3637: 3631: 3616: 3612: 3605: 3590: 3586: 3580: 3565: 3561: 3554: 3539: 3535: 3528: 3513: 3509: 3503: 3497: 3491: 3475: 3471: 3467: 3463: 3456: 3441: 3437: 3431: 3415: 3411: 3404: 3389: 3385: 3379: 3364: 3360: 3353: 3345: 3339: 3335: 3334: 3326: 3318: 3311: 3296: 3292: 3285: 3270: 3266: 3259: 3244: 3240: 3233: 3225: 3221: 3215: 3207: 3205:0-8020-3940-5 3201: 3197: 3190: 3175: 3171: 3164: 3149: 3145: 3139: 3124: 3120: 3116: 3112: 3109:(2): 93–110. 3108: 3104: 3100: 3093: 3078: 3074: 3067: 3059: 3053: 3049: 3042: 3027: 3023: 3016: 3007: 2998: 2983: 2981:9781851098798 2977: 2973: 2972: 2964: 2949: 2945: 2938: 2936: 2919: 2915: 2909: 2907: 2891: 2887: 2880: 2878: 2862: 2858: 2851: 2835: 2831: 2825: 2810: 2806: 2799: 2784: 2780: 2773: 2771: 2755: 2751: 2744: 2728: 2724: 2720: 2714: 2699: 2692: 2685: 2670: 2666: 2659: 2644: 2640: 2634: 2619: 2615: 2608: 2593: 2589: 2582: 2580: 2578: 2576: 2574: 2565: 2559: 2544: 2540: 2533: 2526: 2514: 2510: 2506: 2500: 2493: 2492: 2486: 2471: 2467: 2460: 2452: 2446: 2442: 2441: 2433: 2418: 2414: 2408: 2393: 2389: 2383: 2368: 2364: 2357: 2342: 2341: 2336: 2330: 2315: 2311: 2304: 2296: 2292: 2291: 2286: 2280: 2273: 2268: 2253: 2251:9780773560550 2247: 2243: 2242: 2234: 2219: 2215: 2208: 2206: 2204: 2202: 2200: 2198: 2196: 2194: 2192: 2190: 2188: 2186: 2184: 2182: 2180: 2178: 2176: 2174: 2172: 2170: 2168: 2166: 2164: 2162: 2160: 2158: 2156: 2154: 2152: 2150: 2148: 2146: 2144: 2142: 2140: 2138: 2136: 2134: 2132: 2124: 2120: 2117: 2112: 2108: 2097: 2096:Borden Island 2094: 2092: 2089: 2087: 2084: 2083: 2079: 2073: 2068: 2065: 2064:Canada portal 2054: 2046: 2033: 2030: 2027: 2023: 2020: 2019: 2018: 2016: 2003: 1999: 1996: 1992: 1989: 1985: 1981: 1978: 1974: 1970: 1966: 1962: 1959: 1955: 1951: 1950: 1944: 1942: 1941:Jean Chrétien 1938: 1934: 1929: 1927: 1923: 1919: 1915: 1914:Thomas Crerar 1911: 1908: 1903: 1900: 1893: 1889: 1884: 1880: 1878: 1874: 1863: 1861: 1852: 1848: 1846: 1842: 1841:Barclays Bank 1838: 1834: 1830: 1826: 1818: 1813: 1804: 1802: 1798: 1787: 1785: 1781: 1777: 1776:One Big Union 1773: 1769: 1764: 1760: 1755: 1753: 1749: 1745: 1739: 1729: 1727: 1723: 1719: 1715: 1711: 1707: 1703: 1699: 1689: 1686: 1682: 1678: 1674: 1668: 1658: 1656: 1652: 1648: 1644: 1643: 1630: 1625: 1621: 1618: 1612: 1597: 1595: 1594:Arthur Sifton 1591: 1587: 1583: 1580: 1576: 1573: 1568: 1566: 1562: 1558: 1554: 1550: 1546: 1542: 1538: 1534: 1530: 1529:William Lloyd 1526: 1521: 1518: 1515: 1509: 1505: 1503: 1502:George Perley 1499: 1489: 1487: 1482: 1480: 1476: 1472: 1468: 1467:German Empire 1464: 1460: 1456: 1450: 1440: 1438: 1434: 1430: 1424: 1422: 1418: 1413: 1409: 1407: 1402: 1401: 1395: 1394: 1388: 1379: 1375: 1373: 1369: 1365: 1360: 1356: 1352: 1348: 1344: 1336: 1335:Western Front 1331: 1327: 1325: 1324: 1318: 1317:shell shocked 1314: 1309: 1308:Resolution IX 1305: 1299: 1289: 1287: 1281: 1278: 1273: 1271: 1267: 1262: 1256: 1253: 1248: 1244: 1240: 1232: 1228: 1223: 1214: 1212: 1208: 1204: 1203:Western Front 1200: 1195: 1193: 1189: 1188: 1183: 1179: 1174: 1172: 1167: 1165: 1161: 1157: 1153: 1152: 1144:Major reforms 1141: 1139: 1135: 1131: 1127: 1123: 1119: 1109: 1107: 1103: 1100: 1096: 1091: 1089: 1085: 1081: 1076: 1074: 1070: 1069: 1064: 1060: 1056: 1052: 1048: 1040: 1035: 1031: 1029: 1025: 1021: 1006: 1004: 1000: 995: 992: 987: 985: 980: 976: 972: 968: 964: 959: 955: 946: 942: 940: 936: 926: 923: 921: 917: 913: 909: 899: 897: 893: 889: 884: 882: 878: 874: 870: 865: 861: 856: 854: 850: 845: 843: 842:Confederation 839: 835: 831: 827: 823: 819: 814: 810: 800: 798: 794: 790: 786: 780: 778: 774: 768: 766: 762: 758: 757:Massachusetts 754: 750: 746: 742: 738: 734: 730: 720: 718: 714: 713:Confederation 710: 706: 705:Barclays Bank 702: 697: 695: 691: 687: 683: 679: 676:, introduced 675: 671: 667: 663: 659: 655: 651: 647: 643: 642:French Canada 639: 636: 632: 628: 627:victory bonds 624: 623: 618: 614: 609: 607: 603: 599: 595: 591: 587: 583: 579: 575: 571: 567: 563: 559: 554: 552: 548: 543: 539: 535: 531: 522: 500: 491: 487: 483: 479: 463: 458: 454: 447: 444: 441: 438: 435: 432: 431: 429: 425: 421: 418: 416:Resting place 414: 410: 402:June 10, 1937 401: 397: 394:, Nova Scotia 393: 389:June 26, 1854 377: 373: 368: 364: 360: 354: 351: 348: 342: 336: 331: 328: 325: 319: 316: 313: 307: 301: 296: 293: 288: 284: 280: 274: 271: 268: 262: 256: 251: 248: 243: 239: 236: 233: 227: 224: 221: 215: 209: 204: 201: 196: 192: 188: 182: 179: 176: 170: 164: 159: 156: 151: 148: 145: 139: 136: 133: 127: 121: 118: 116: 113: 111: 110:The Earl Grey 108: 107: 105: 101: 98: 95: 91: 85: 80: 77: 72: 68: 61: 56: 51: 47: 43: 34: 29: 26: 22: 6421: 6393:Daniel Woolf 6307:James George 6230: 6024:D. Macdonald 5926: 5542: 5211: 5069:Conservative 5048:(1810s–1867) 5033:Predecessors 4934:Hugh Guthrie 4923: 4737:Conservative 4508: 4464:Conservative 4271: 4166: 4116: 4089: 4062: 4035: 4001: 3982: 3963: 3936: 3917: 3812: 3802: 3795: 3777: 3767: 3757: 3744: 3739:vol 2 online 3735:vol 1 online 3714: 3699: 3691: 3684: 3670: 3663: 3662: 3659:Bibliography 3644:. Retrieved 3640:the original 3630: 3620:February 20, 3618:. Retrieved 3614: 3604: 3594:February 20, 3592:. Retrieved 3588: 3579: 3569:February 20, 3567:. Retrieved 3563: 3553: 3543:February 20, 3541:. Retrieved 3537: 3527: 3517:February 20, 3515:. Retrieved 3511: 3502: 3495: 3490: 3478:. Retrieved 3474:the original 3470:Parks Canada 3465: 3455: 3443:. Retrieved 3439: 3430: 3418:. Retrieved 3414:the original 3403: 3391:. Retrieved 3387: 3378: 3368:February 19, 3366:. Retrieved 3362: 3352: 3332: 3325: 3316: 3310: 3300:February 19, 3298:. Retrieved 3294: 3284: 3274:February 19, 3272:. Retrieved 3268: 3258: 3248:February 22, 3246:. Retrieved 3242: 3232: 3214: 3195: 3189: 3179:February 17, 3177:. Retrieved 3173: 3163: 3153:February 17, 3151:. Retrieved 3147: 3138: 3128:February 18, 3126:. Retrieved 3106: 3102: 3092: 3082:February 18, 3080:. Retrieved 3076: 3066: 3047: 3041: 3031:February 17, 3029:. Retrieved 3025: 3015: 3006: 2997: 2987:February 21, 2985:. Retrieved 2970: 2963: 2953:February 20, 2951:. Retrieved 2947: 2924:February 15, 2922:. Retrieved 2917: 2895:February 14, 2893:. Retrieved 2889: 2866:February 14, 2864:. Retrieved 2860: 2850: 2840:February 14, 2838:. Retrieved 2833: 2824: 2814:February 14, 2812:. Retrieved 2808: 2798: 2788:February 14, 2786:. Retrieved 2782: 2759:February 14, 2757:. Retrieved 2753: 2743: 2733:February 13, 2731:. Retrieved 2727:the original 2722: 2713: 2701:. Retrieved 2697: 2684: 2672:. Retrieved 2668: 2658: 2648:February 13, 2646:. Retrieved 2642: 2633: 2623:February 12, 2621:. Retrieved 2617: 2607: 2597:February 12, 2595:. Retrieved 2591: 2558: 2548:February 21, 2546:. Retrieved 2542: 2532: 2524: 2519:February 11, 2517:. Retrieved 2513:the original 2499: 2489: 2485: 2473:. Retrieved 2469: 2459: 2439: 2432: 2420:. Retrieved 2416: 2407: 2395:. Retrieved 2391: 2382: 2370:. Retrieved 2366: 2356: 2344:. Retrieved 2338: 2329: 2317:. Retrieved 2313: 2303: 2289: 2279: 2267: 2255:. Retrieved 2240: 2233: 2221:. Retrieved 2217: 2111: 2012: 1993:The town of 1932: 1930: 1904: 1896: 1869: 1857: 1822: 1797:Dominion Day 1793: 1767: 1756: 1741: 1695: 1670: 1640: 1638: 1614: 1569: 1537:Newfoundland 1522: 1511: 1507: 1495: 1486:enemy aliens 1483: 1458: 1452: 1432: 1427:occurred in 1425: 1414: 1410: 1398: 1391: 1384: 1340: 1337:, March 1917 1321: 1307: 1301: 1282: 1274: 1257: 1252:Victory Bond 1236: 1229:campaign in 1227:Victory Bond 1207:conscription 1196: 1185: 1184:through the 1175: 1168: 1149: 1147: 1115: 1092: 1084:British Navy 1080:dreadnoughts 1077: 1067: 1062: 1058: 1044: 1019: 1017: 988: 951: 948:Borden, 1901 932: 924: 914:(MP) in the 905: 885: 857: 846: 830:Conservative 806: 781: 779:politician. 769: 726: 698: 682:nationalized 638:conscription 620: 610: 555: 529: 528: 440:Conservative 436:(until 1886) 404:(1937-06-10) 357:Succeeded by 334: 322:Succeeded by 299: 277:Succeeded by 254: 230:Succeeded by 207: 185:Succeeded by 162: 142:Succeeded by 83: 25: 6444:1937 deaths 6439:1854 births 6358:James Corry 6302:John Machar 6204:Chancellors 6069:Mazankowski 5987:Diefenbaker 5598:Diefenbaker 5588:Diefenbaker 5578:St. Laurent 5317:Diefenbaker 5307:St. Laurent 5302:Diefenbaker 5100:(2000–2003) 5094:(1987–2000) 5088:(1917–1922) 5065:(1942–2003) 5042:(1854–1867) 4972:Macdonald 1 4965:Governments 4904:John Abbott 4884:(1938–1940) 4875:(1920–1921) 4869:(1867–1916) 4695:(2000–2003) 4674:(1987–2000) 4596:Diefenbaker 4566:(1942–2003) 4466:(1873–1942) 4451:(1867–1873) 4441:antecedents 4312:Diefenbaker 4307:St. Laurent 4074:Edward Kidd 4057:Edward Kidd 3756:Cook, Tim. 3420:October 19, 2475:February 9, 2422:February 1, 2397:February 1, 2372:February 1, 2346:January 31, 2319:January 31, 2257:January 27, 2223:January 19, 2004:since 1975. 1975:section of 1973:Scarborough 1845:mutual fund 1772:trade union 1677:Westminster 1565:West Indies 1437:martial law 1429:Quebec City 1311:leaders of 1122:World War I 1039:Lady Borden 1024:grain trade 991:reciprocity 958:Grand Trunk 640:, angering 613:World War I 345:Preceded by 310:Preceded by 281:Edward Kidd 270:Edward Kidd 265:Preceded by 218:Preceded by 173:Preceded by 130:Preceded by 6428:Categories 6290:Principals 5992:Lamontagne 5972:St-Laurent 5857:Huntington 5056:Successors 5040:Parti bleu 4367:J. Trudeau 4176:1924–1929 4168:Chancellor 3923:1901–1911 3846:Faded Page 3480:January 1, 3440:cha-shc.ca 3103:Acadiensis 2948:Britannica 1886:Statue on 1790:Retirement 1720:, and the 1704:(CN) as a 1473:, and the 1435:, invoked 1404:including 1296:See also: 1277:income tax 1261:luxury tax 1247:ammunition 1065:, and the 994:free trade 849:Laura Bond 822:Freemasons 635:introduced 631:income tax 462:Laura Bond 385:1854-06-26 6313:John Cook 6276:Jim Leech 6211:John Cook 6099:Robillard 6064:Hnatyshyn 6039:MacEachen 6029:MacEachen 6018:MacEachen 5997:McIlraith 5892:Macdonald 5764:Champagne 5749:Nicholson 5711:Pettigrew 5665:McDougall 5650:MacEachen 5634:MacGuigan 5629:MacDonald 5619:MacEachen 5477:Poilievre 5437:Ignatieff 5327:Stanfield 5192:Mackenzie 5187:Macdonald 5182:Mackenzie 5119:Blue Tory 5007:Meighen 1 4952:(interim) 4936:(interim) 4792:Poilievre 4786:(interim) 4764:(interim) 4749:(interim) 4720:(interim) 4705:(interim) 4648:(interim) 4619:(interim) 4603:Stanfield 4590:(interim) 4547:(interim) 4525:(interim) 4474:Macdonald 4456:Macdonald 4242:Macdonald 4237:Mackenzie 4232:Macdonald 3538:Maclean's 3393:April 19, 3123:150251731 2592:Maclean's 1545:dominions 1194:in 1971. 670:Dominions 664:. At the 481:Signature 392:Grand-Pré 335:In office 300:In office 255:In office 208:In office 163:In office 84:In office 6124:Penashue 6109:Van Loan 6020:(acting) 6014:(acting) 5977:Chevrier 5882:Mousseau 5872:O'Connor 5852:McDonald 5847:O'Connor 5759:Freeland 5744:(Acting) 5696:Axworthy 5655:Chrétien 5624:Jamieson 5600:(acting) 5407:Reynolds 5382:Gauthier 5372:Bouchard 5367:Chrétien 5352:Mulroney 5222:McKenzie 5124:Red Tory 5086:Unionist 5002:Borden 1 4987:Thompson 4718:Reynolds 4632:Campbell 4625:Mulroney 4488:Thompson 4439:and its 4385:Category 4352:Chrétien 4347:Campbell 4342:Mulroney 4252:Thompson 3848:(Canada) 3807:in JSTOR 3646:June 30, 3445:July 23, 3077:CTV News 2703:April 3, 2674:April 3, 2119:Archived 2050:See also 1907:agrarian 1873:Red Tory 1744:Winnipeg 1417:majority 1102:George V 1095:knighted 1082:for the 1047:Manitoba 967:majority 881:Montreal 717:knighted 658:majority 446:Unionist 247:Carleton 97:George V 74:8th 6144:LeBlanc 6114:Ambrose 6094:Coderre 6059:Nielsen 6054:Ouellet 6012:Trudeau 6002:Favreau 5962:Bennett 5952:Meighen 5942:Normand 5922:Laurier 5887:McLelan 5862:Cauchon 5769:Garneau 5726:Emerson 5721:Bernier 5691:Ouellet 5675:Ouellet 5583:Pearson 5568:Bennett 5558:Meighen 5548:Meighen 5467:O'Toole 5457:Ambrose 5452:Mulcair 5392:Manning 5387:Duceppe 5377:Duceppe 5347:Nielsen 5337:Trudeau 5312:Pearson 5277:Bracken 5272:Graydon 5257:Bennett 5247:Bennett 5242:Guthrie 5232:Meighen 5217:Laurier 5202:Laurier 5017:Bennett 4892:Leaders 4851:Leaders 4846:History 4777:O'Toole 4762:Ambrose 4682:Manning 4639:Charest 4617:Nielsen 4574:Bracken 4553:Meighen 4531:Bennett 4523:Guthrie 4516:Meighen 4317:Pearson 4297:Bennett 4287:Meighen 4277:Meighen 4267:Laurier 3881:of the 3877:in the 3737:; also 3725:(v. 1) 1977:Toronto 1947:Honours 1748:strikes 1673:honours 1345:; most 1231:Toronto 1217:Economy 1126:Toronto 1051:Ontario 896:Halifax 813:Halifax 777:Liberal 741:Acadian 660:in the 576:in the 566:Halifax 475: 467: 434:Liberal 292:Halifax 93:Monarch 6154:Sajjan 6134:Monsef 6119:Verner 6049:Pinard 6007:Gordon 5982:Dorion 5937:Calder 5932:Rowell 5927:Borden 5917:Angers 5912:Bowell 5902:Abbott 5877:Masson 5842:Tupper 5731:Cannon 5716:MacKay 5706:Graham 5701:Manley 5670:Beatty 5609:Martin 5543:Borden 5533:Murphy 5472:Bergen 5462:Scheer 5447:Turmel 5442:Layton 5427:Graham 5422:Harper 5412:Harper 5357:Turner 5267:Hanson 5262:Manion 5212:Borden 5207:Tupper 5092:Reform 4997:Tupper 4992:Bowell 4982:Abbott 4784:Bergen 4770:Scheer 4755:Harper 4726:Harper 4672:Reform 4661:MacKay 4545:Hanson 4538:Manion 4509:Borden 4502:Tupper 4495:Bowell 4481:Abbott 4362:Harper 4357:Martin 4337:Turner 4272:Borden 4262:Tupper 4257:Bowell 4247:Abbott 3784: 3772:online 3762:online 3752:online 3729: 3721: 3677: 3340: 3202: 3121: 3054: 2978: 2447: 2248: 1969:Nepean 1892:Ottawa 1875:. The 1866:Legacy 1819:, 1930 1716:, the 1712:, the 1577:, and 1531:, the 1355:Quebec 1233:, 1915 1164:Senate 1138:Canada 1132:. The 1130:Ottawa 1088:Senate 1061:, the 1055:Quebec 1053:, and 1041:, 1912 979:Senate 869:Ottawa 793:Hebrew 791:, and 456:Spouse 409:Ottawa 6149:Blair 6139:Gould 6129:Lebel 6104:Chong 6084:Massé 6079:Blais 6074:Clark 6044:Baker 6034:Sharp 5897:Colby 5867:Blake 5837:Kenny 5827:Blair 5736:Baird 5660:Clark 5614:Sharp 5604:Green 5593:Smith 5538:Roche 5342:Clark 5332:Clark 5322:Starr 5197:Blake 5079:Other 4654:Clark 4646:Wayne 4610:Clark 4327:Clark 3119:S2CID 2694:(PDF) 2103:Notes 1541:Paris 789:Latin 785:Greek 564:at a 540: 536: 469:( 465: 200:Kings 48: 44: 6089:Dion 5967:King 5957:King 5947:King 5907:Ives 5832:Howe 5774:Joly 5754:Dion 5741:Fast 5573:King 5563:King 5553:King 5432:Dion 5417:Hill 5397:Grey 5362:Gray 5297:Rowe 5292:Drew 5287:Rowe 5282:Drew 5252:King 5237:King 5227:King 4703:Grey 4588:Rowe 4581:Drew 4395:List 4302:King 4292:King 4282:King 3782:ISBN 3727:ISBN 3719:ISBN 3675:ISBN 3648:2008 3622:2022 3596:2022 3571:2022 3545:2022 3519:2022 3482:2015 3447:2020 3422:2014 3395:2021 3370:2022 3338:ISBN 3302:2022 3276:2022 3250:2022 3200:ISBN 3181:2022 3155:2022 3130:2022 3084:2022 3052:ISBN 3033:2022 3026:WaPo 2989:2022 2976:ISBN 2955:2022 2926:2022 2897:2022 2868:2022 2842:2022 2816:2022 2790:2022 2761:2022 2735:2022 2705:2023 2676:2023 2650:2022 2625:2022 2599:2022 2550:2022 2521:2022 2477:2022 2445:ISBN 2424:2022 2399:2022 2374:2022 2348:2022 2321:2022 2259:2022 2246:ISBN 2225:2022 1761:and 1653:and 1592:and 1385:The 1162:and 1099:King 956:and 598:1908 596:and 594:1904 534:GCMG 399:Died 375:Born 290:for 245:for 198:for 42:GCMG 5402:Day 4711:Day 4170:of 3883:ZBW 3844:at 3835:at 3564:TVO 3148:CBC 3111:doi 879:in 763:of 592:in 6430:: 3613:. 3587:. 3562:. 3536:. 3510:. 3468:. 3464:. 3438:. 3386:. 3361:. 3293:. 3267:. 3241:. 3222:. 3172:. 3146:. 3117:. 3107:47 3105:. 3101:. 3075:. 3024:. 2946:. 2934:^ 2916:. 2905:^ 2888:. 2876:^ 2859:. 2832:. 2807:. 2781:. 2769:^ 2752:. 2721:. 2696:. 2667:. 2641:. 2616:. 2590:. 2572:^ 2541:. 2523:. 2507:. 2468:. 2415:. 2390:. 2365:. 2337:. 2312:. 2295:33 2216:. 2130:^ 2017:: 1890:, 1774:, 1500:, 1469:, 1272:. 1241:, 1166:. 1108:. 1097:; 1090:. 1075:. 1049:, 922:. 883:. 787:, 767:. 696:. 553:. 542:KC 538:PC 471:m. 50:KC 46:PC 6309:* 6188:e 6181:t 6174:v 5808:e 5801:t 5794:v 5511:e 5504:t 5497:v 5163:e 5156:t 5149:v 5012:2 4977:2 4827:e 4820:t 4813:v 4429:e 4422:t 4415:v 4213:e 4206:t 4199:v 3747:. 3650:. 3624:. 3598:. 3573:. 3547:. 3521:. 3484:. 3449:. 3424:. 3397:. 3372:. 3346:. 3304:. 3278:. 3252:. 3208:. 3183:. 3157:. 3132:. 3113:: 3086:. 3060:. 3035:. 2991:. 2957:. 2928:. 2899:. 2870:. 2844:. 2818:. 2792:. 2763:. 2737:. 2707:. 2678:. 2652:. 2627:. 2601:. 2566:. 2552:. 2479:. 2453:. 2426:. 2401:. 2376:. 2350:. 2323:. 2297:. 2261:. 2227:. 1990:. 1979:. 387:) 383:( 23:.

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.

Index