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394:, but she died before they could be wed, and Robert did not marry until his late forties. In his youth he was courageous and skilful in military exercises. He was also prone to laziness and weakness of character that discontented nobles and the King of France exploited to stir discord with his father. He was unsatisfied with the share of power allotted to him and quarrelled with his father and brothers fiercely. In 1063, his father made him the
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413:, who had dumped a full chamber pot over his head. Robert was enraged and, urged on by his companions, started a brawl with his brothers that was only interrupted by the intercession of their father. Feeling that his dignity was wounded, Robert was further angered when King William failed to punish his brothers. The next day Robert and his followers attempted to seize the castle of
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547:, was secretly sending him money. At a battle in January 1079, Robert is said to have unhorsed King William in combat and succeeded in wounding him, only stopping his attack when he recognised his father's voice. Humiliated, King William cursed his son. King William then raised the siege and returned to Rouen.
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At Easter 1080, father and son were reunited by the efforts of Queen
Matilda, and a truce between the two lasted until she died in 1083. Robert seems to have left court soon after the death of his mother and spent several years travelling throughout France, Germany, and Flanders. He visited Italy
713:
Robert left the Holy Land around
September 1099 and returned via Constantinople, where Emperor Alexios showered him with gifts and offered him to enter into the service of the Byzantine Empire, but Robert declined. Instead, he travelled again to Southern Italy where he wintered again and married
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In 1087, the elder
William died of wounds suffered from a riding accident during a siege of Mantes. At his death he reportedly wanted to disinherit his eldest son but was persuaded to instead divide the Norman dominions between his two eldest sons. To Robert he granted the
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which was successfully conquered on the 19th of June. Robert then participated in all further military ventures during the crusade and was among the remaining crusading forces that took
Jerusalem in July 1099. He also took part in the final battle of the crusade at
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In 1105, Robert's continual stirring of discord with his brother in
England, as well as civil disorder in Normandy, prompted Henry to invade Normandy. Orderic reports on an incident at Easter 1105 when Robert was supposed to hear a sermon by the venerable
743:. Orderic claimed that Robert squandered his wealth and became so poor that he had nothing to wear, but this seems unlikely given that Robert would have been reduced to penury so short after his return and might rather refer to his pre-Crusade persona.
771:. Robert spent the night before sporting with harlots and jesters, and while he lay in bed sleeping off his drunkenness his unworthy friends stole his clothes. He awoke to find himself naked and had to remain in bed and missed the sermon.
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Sybil which also brought him a big dowry which enabled him to raise the necessary funds to buy back his duchy. When
William II died on 2 August 1100 and Robert was still on the return journey and absent from Normandy, his brother
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issued at Henry's coronation was well-liked) as well as Robert's own mishandling of the invasion tactics enabled Henry to resist the invasion. Robert was forced by diplomacy to renounce his claim to the
English throne in the
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Upon his return, Robert—urged by
Flambard and several Anglo-Norman barons—claimed the English crown, on the basis of the short-lived agreement of 1087, and in 1101 led an invasion to oust his brother Henry. He landed at
417:. The siege failed, but, when King William ordered their arrest, Robert and his companions took refuge with Hugh of Chateauneuf-en-Thymerais. They were forced to flee again when King William attacked their base at
905:"Soon after the birth of her (Sibyl's) only child, William the Clito, she died at Rouen, and was buried, amid universal sorrow, in the cathedral church, Archbishop of William Bonne-Ame performing the obsequies."
555:(b. 1046) but was unsuccessful. During this period as a wandering knight Robert sired several illegitimate children. His son Richard seems to have spent much of his life at the royal court of his uncle
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on August 12. The fulfilment of his crusader vows was a personal triumph for Robert: he had shown military skills as well as the ability to mediate between different factions in the crusading forces.
599:. The youngest son, Henry, was given money to buy land. Of the two elder sons Robert was considered to be much weaker and was generally preferred by the nobles who held lands on both sides of the
813:(missing one—Joshua, and replaced with the arms of Edward the Confessor). The effigy dates from about 100 years after his death and the mortuary chest much later. The church subsequently became
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in view of his engagement to
Margaret, and Robert may have ruled independently in Maine. The county remained under Norman control until 1069, when the county revolted and reverted to
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When their father died, the two brothers agreed to be each other's heirs. This agreement lasted less than a year, when barons joined with Robert to displace Rufus in the
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and claimed
Normandy as a possession of the English crown, a situation that endured for almost a century. Captured after the battle, Robert was imprisoned in
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805:. The exact place of his burial is difficult to establish—legend states that he requested to be buried before the High Altar. His effigy carved in
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was mishandled. William Clito died in 1128 leaving no issue, thus leaving the field clear in the Norman succession (at least until the death of
847:. William Clito was unlucky all his life; his attempts to invade Normandy failed twice (1119 and 1125), his first marriage to a daughter of the
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as his adviser, who had been previously a close adviser to his father. Flambard later became an astute but much-disliked financial adviser to
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694:'s visit to Constantinople during his pilgrimage to Jerusalem. Both then swore, as had the other crusading leaders except for count
668:, and travelled together to Italy where he stayed during the winter of 1096/97. It is then that he most likely met his future wife,
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in his early eighties. Robert Curthose, sometime Duke of Normandy, eldest son of the Conqueror, was buried in the abbey church of
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In 1077, Robert instigated his first insurrection against his father as the result of a prank played by his younger brothers
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to stop his rebellious son. Relations were not helped when King William discovered that his wife, Robert's mother Queen
390:. Estimates of Robert's birth-date range between 1051 and 1053. As a child he was betrothed to Margaret, the heiress of
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In the first week of June 1097 Robert and Stephen joined the main forces of the crusading army who at this point were
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Sybilla, who was admired and often praised by chroniclers of the time, died shortly after the birth of her son.
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Mooers, Stephanie L (Fall 1981). "'Backers and Stabbers': Problems of Loyalty in Robert Curthose's Entourage".
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in 1100, as was his uncle, King William Rufus, the same year. An illegitimate daughter was later married to
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1408:(2000). "Robert Curthose Reassessed". In Harper-Bill, Christopher (ed.).
1272:(Reprint of original ed.). Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
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adorns a mortuary chest decorated with the attributed arms of the
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with his army, but the lack of popular support among the English (
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A map of the routes of the major leaders of the First Crusade
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Robert the Burgundian and the Counts of Anjou, Ca. 1025–1098
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Robert's reign is noted for the discord with his brothers
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Anglo-Norman Studies Proceedings of the Battle Conference
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In 1106, Henry defeated Robert's army decisively at the
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since they could more easily circumvent his authority.
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Conqueror's Son: Duke Robert Curthose, Thwarted King
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1236:Robert Curthose, Duke of Normandy c. 1050–1134
359:his duchy to finance his participation in the
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1291:. The Catholic University of America Press.
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324:. The epithet "Curthose" originated in the
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686:but were welcomed with respect by Emperor
672:, daughter of the wealthy Norman count of
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1864:English people who died in prison custody
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519:Learn how and when to remove this message
137:Robert Curthose in a medieval manuscript
111:Learn how and when to remove this message
1869:French people who died in prison custody
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949:(2006). "Robert Curthose (d. 1134)". In
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621:until the latter's death in 1100.
16:Duke of Normandy from 1087 to 1106
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1904:Children of William the Conqueror
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1270:Robert Curthose, Duke of Normandy
1238:. Woodbridge, UK: Boydell Press.
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1834:12th-century dukes of Normandy
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1380:University of California Press
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951:The Crusades – An Encyclopedia
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1315:Thompson, Kathleen (2002).
579:Robert Curthose during the
533:Robert I, Count of Flanders
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1324:Vaughn, Sally N. (1994).
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1234:Aird, William H. (2008).
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625:First Crusade and return
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206:February 1134 (aged ~83)
1854:English Roman Catholics
157:9 September 1087 – 1106
1859:French Roman Catholics
1266:David, Charles Wendell
1220:, p. 193 note 17.
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1547:William the Conqueror
1300:. Sutton Publishing.
1258:William the Conqueror
947:Keats-Rohan, K. S. B.
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833:(and a grandniece of
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307:William the Conqueror
270:William the Conqueror
236:Sybilla of Conversano
166:William the Conqueror
1723:Henry the Young King
1702:House of Plantagenet
1319:. The Boydell Press.
827:Geoffrey of Brindisi
815:Gloucester Cathedral
776:Battle of Tinchebray
757:Gloucester Cathedral
736:Charter of Liberties
692:Robert's grandfather
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365:Battle of Tinchebray
224:Gloucester Cathedral
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1420:. pp. 95–116.
1160:, pp. 117–189.
1112:, pp. 189–190.
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1561:Succeeded by
1513:House of Normandy
1427:978-0-8511-5796-2
1389:978-0-5200-4936-9
1343:978-0-8511-5366-7
1326:"Anselm in Italy"
1307:978-0-7509-4566-0
1245:978-1-8438-3660-5
1196:, pp. 96–97.
1040:, pp. 17–41.
989:, pp. 43–44.
868:Robert of Torigny
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1406:Green, Judith
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1372:William Rufus
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1028:, p. 41.
1027:
1026:Thompson 2002
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1000:
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509:December 2022
501:
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470: –
469:
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464:Find sources:
458:
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448:
447:
442:This section
440:
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407:William Rufus
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101:February 2023
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61:
57:
56:Find sources:
50:
46:
40:
39:
34:This article
32:
28:
23:
22:
19:
1809:1050s births
1663:
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1376:Berkeley, CA
1371:
1347:. Retrieved
1333:
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1254:Bates, David
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720:
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681:
663:
643:Seljuk Turks
641:against the
628:
612:
605:
589:
549:
530:
515:
506:
496:
489:
482:
475:
463:
451:Please help
446:verification
443:
404:
379:, the first
374:
346:
342:brevis-ocrea
341:
329:
315:
310:
287:
286:
107:
98:
88:
81:
74:
67:
55:
43:Please help
38:verification
35:
18:
1814:1134 deaths
1788:• ** Also
1775:(1465–1469)
1769:(1355–1364)
1763:(1332–1350)
1648:Richard III
1525: 1051
1461:(1): 1–17.
1336:: 245–270.
1227:Works cited
1134:Vaughn 1994
1011:Jessee 2000
829:, Count of
821:Descendants
637:to aid the
295: 1051
193: 1051
162:Predecessor
1803:Categories
1728:Richard IV
1658:William II
1643:Richard II
1558:1087–1106
1414:Woodbridge
1349:1 February
1170:David 1920
1158:David 1920
1050:David 1920
1038:David 1920
963:Bates 2016
935:References
879:New Forest
831:Conversano
803:Gloucester
724:Portsmouth
674:Conversano
561:New Forest
479:newspapers
371:Early life
349:William II
330:courtheuse
71:newspapers
1740:Henry III
1705:1144–1259
1688:1135–1144
1664:Robert II
1637:Richard I
1631:William I
1475:144728251
1446:247394557
1218:Aird 2008
1206:Aird 2008
1194:Aird 2008
1182:Lack 2007
1146:Aird 2008
1122:Aird 2008
1110:Aird 2008
1098:Aird 2008
1086:Aird 2008
1074:Aird 2008
1062:Aird 2008
999:Aird 2008
987:Aird 2008
975:Aird 2008
784:Wiltshire
647:Jerusalem
629:In 1096,
357:mortgaged
318:pretender
213:Glamorgan
172:Successor
141:1300–1340
1717:Henry II
1712:Geoffrey
1653:Robert I
1618:911–1135
1607:Normandy
1436:45238208
1370:(1983).
1268:(1920).
1256:(2016).
853:Flanders
799:St Peter
677:Geoffrey
419:RĂ©malard
260:Normandy
1773:Charles
1767:Charles
1693:Stephen
1669:Henry I
1398:8954468
930:Sources
916:Richard
887:Tortosa
857:Henry I
807:bog oak
788:Cardiff
708:Ascalon
688:Alexios
545:Matilda
493:scholar
353:Henry I
176:Henry I
85:scholar
1529:
1473:
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1396:
1386:
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1304:
1276:
1242:
730:, the
728:Anselm
495:
488:
481:
474:
466:
381:Norman
299:French
276:Mother
266:Father
232:Spouse
219:Burial
154:Tenure
87:
80:
73:
66:
58:
1784:* As
1625:Rollo
1603:Dukes
1531:Died:
1519:Born:
1471:S2CID
1440:Also
893:Notes
765:Serlo
716:Henry
651:marks
537:Vexin
500:JSTOR
486:books
425:Exile
415:Rouen
411:Henry
392:Maine
328:word
255:House
243:Issue
92:JSTOR
78:books
1761:John
1734:John
1442:OCLC
1432:OCLC
1422:ISBN
1394:OCLC
1384:ISBN
1351:2023
1338:ISBN
1302:ISBN
1274:ISBN
1240:ISBN
870:and
472:news
409:and
386:and
351:and
336:and
203:Died
186:Born
64:news
1605:of
1463:doi
859:).
801:in
782:in
653:.
455:by
47:by
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1736:**
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1719:**
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1671:**
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1522:c.
1469:.
1459:21
1457:.
1430:.
1416::
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1392:.
1382:.
1378::
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1334:16
1332:.
1328:.
1018:^
817:.
790:.
767:,
567:.
421:.
402:.
301::
292:c.
211:,
190:c.
139:c.
1639:*
1633:*
1627:*
1595:e
1588:t
1581:v
1477:.
1465::
1438:.
1400:.
1353:.
1310:.
1282:.
1248:.
522:)
516:(
511:)
507:(
497:·
490:·
483:·
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290:(
114:)
108:(
103:)
99:(
89:·
82:·
75:·
68:·
41:.
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