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causes an averaging over different
Doppler states and results in an atomic linewidth that is much narrower than the Doppler width. Dicke narrowing occurs at relatively low pressures in the millimeter wave and microwave regions (where it is used in atomic clocks to improve precision). Dicke narrowing is analogous to the
1292:
multiple times. Peebles ended his own 2019 Nobel
Lecture with a statement of disappointment that Dicke had never been awarded the prize, then said, "But I am satisfied now because my Nobel Prize is closure of what Bob set in motion, his great goal of establishing an empirically based gravity physics,
1315:
At the end of the war, Dicke and Currie moved to
Princeton, New Jersey, where Robert was on the faculty at Princeton University. Dicke died there March 4, 1997. Currie continued to live in Princeton until 2002. For the last years of her life she lived in Hightstown, New Jersey at Meadow Lakes
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and radiative transfer was his prediction of the phenomenon called Dicke narrowing: When the mean free path of an atom is much smaller than the wavelength of one of its radiation transitions, the atom changes velocity and direction many times during the emission or absorption of a photon. This
1264:
Dicke is also credited with the invention of a kind of radio receiver, called a "Dicke
Radiometric Receiver" or simply "Dicke Radiometer", developed by Dicke during WWII. His radiometer was characterized by a noise temperature calibration technique using a switchable resistor, known as "Dicke
1236:
could differ by many orders of magnitude. Since there is a non-negligible amount of matter, either we are coincidentally living close to the transition to or from the matter-dominated stage, or we are in the middle of it; the latter is preferred since the coincidences are highly unlikely (an
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stars, such as the Sun, and these stars, according to Dicke, are necessary for the existence of life. At any other epoch, when the equality did not hold, there would be no intelligent life around to notice the discrepancy. This was the first modern application of what is now called the
1241:). This implies a negligible curvature, so the universe must have almost critical density. This has been called the "Dicke coincidence" argument. In fact it gives the wrong answer, since we seem to be living at the time of transition between the matter and
1121:, an equivalence-principle violating modification of general relativity. A highlight experiment was the test of the equivalence principle by Roll, Krotkov and Dicke, which was a factor of 100 more accurate than previous work. He also made measurements of
1220:
near
Princeton. Nevertheless, Dicke's group made the second clean detection, and their theoretical interpretation of Penzias and Wilson's results showed that theories of the early universe had moved from pure speculation into well-tested physics.
2608:
Williams J. G.; Dicke R. H.; Bender P. L.; Alley C. O.; Currie D. G.; Carter W. E.; Eckhardt D. H.; Faller J. E.; Kaula W. M.; et al. (1976). "New test of the equivalence principle from lunar laser ranging".
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1260:
he claims that even though he is often credited with the invention of the device; he believes he read about it in a review of scientific equipment written by Walter C. Michels, a professor at Bryn Mawr.
1256:, which is an indispensable tool in the area of applied science and engineering. Many of Dicke's experiments capitalize on lock-in in some way or another. However, in an interview with
2777:
1319:
They had one daughter, Nancy born in 1945, and two sons, John born in 1946 and James born in 1953. At the time of Dicke's death they had six grandchildren and a great grandchild.
1312:
At the beginning of World War II, Dicke was asked to assist the war effort by applying his skills to the development of radar with the
Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
1554:
Dicke, RH (March 6, 1959). "New
Research on Old Gravitation: Are the observed physical constants independent of the position, epoch, and velocity of the laboratory?".
488:
2827:
1082:
filed their patent application, Dicke filed a patent titled "Molecular
Amplification Generation Systems and Methods" with claims of how to build an infrared
1517:
Dicke, RH (November 9, 1962). "The Earth and
Cosmology: The earth may be affected by the distant matter of the universe through a long-range interaction".
1054:
In 1946, he returned to
Princeton University, where he remained for the remainder of his career. He did some work in atomic physics, particularly on the
1201:
859:
59:
52:
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of the universe pass through stages dominated by radiation, matter, curvature etc. Transitions between stages are very special cosmic times which
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in England in 1920 and as a young girl immigrated to Rochester, New York, via Australia and New Zealand, of which Annie had very fond memories.
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929:
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2723:
Oral history interview transcript with Robert Dicke on 18 November 1975, American Institute of Physics, Niels Bohr Library & Archives
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Oral history interview transcript with Robert Dicke on 19 January 1988, American Institute of Physics, Niels Bohr Library & Archives
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Oral history interview transcript with Robert Dicke on 18 June 1985, American Institute of Physics, Niels Bohr Library & Archives
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Oral history interview transcript with Robert Dicke on 2 May 1983, American Institute of Physics, Niels Bohr Library & Archives
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74:
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Kuhn J. R.; Libbrecht K. G.; Dicke R. H. (1988). "The surface temperature of the sun and changes in the solar constant".
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2727:
2707:
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1909:
Roll, P. G.; Krotkov, R.; Dicke, R. H. (1964). "The equivalence of inertial and passive gravitational mass".
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433:
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17:
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915:
891:
438:
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851:
657:
637:
445:
390:
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Dicke, R. H.; Peebles, P. J. E.; Roll, P. G.; Wilkinson, D. T. (1965). "Cosmic Black-Body Radiation".
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In the early 1960s, work on Brans–Dicke theory led Dicke to think about the early Universe, and with
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290:
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A Look at the Abandoned Contributions to Cosmology of Dirac, Sciama and Dicke (arxiv:0708.3518)
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1988:
1953:
1918:
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C. Brans; R. H. Dicke (1961). "Mach's Principle And A Relativistic Theory Of Gravitation".
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1016:
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996:
838:
810:
632:
200:
8:
1804:
R. H. Dicke (1953). "The Effect of Collisions upon the Doppler Width of Spectral Lines".
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770:
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2004:
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790:
760:
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695:
642:
586:
355:
321:
1944:
R. H. Dicke & H. M. Goldenberg (1967). "Solar Oblateness and General Relativity".
1420:
1384:
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Dicke R. H. (1962). "Mach's Principle And Invariance Under Transformation Of Units".
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1930:
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must vary to maintain this equality. Dicke realized that Dirac's relation could be a
820:
217:
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316:
233:
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690:
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2527:
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stages. An anthropic explanation of the failure of Dicke's argument was given by
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He spent the remainder of his career developing a program of precision tests of
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1965:
1748:
1659:
980:
815:
775:
338:
2638:
Peebles P. J. E.; Dicke R. H. (1968). "Origin of the Globular Star Clusters".
1860:
1101:. In 1957, he first proposed an alternative theory of gravitation inspired by
1043:, a microwave receiver. He used this to set a limit on the temperature of the
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229:
2351:"National Science Foundation - The President's National Medal of Science"
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553:
546:
221:
1437:
Dicke, RH (April 26, 1974). "The Oblateness of the Sun and Relativity".
1293:
by the establishment of the empirically-based relativistic cosmology."
1106:
795:
2321:
2296:
1839:
R. H. Dicke (1957). "Gravitation without a Principle of Equivalence".
1621:
1594:
2199:
Weinberg, S. (1987). "Anthropic bound on the cosmological constant".
2000:
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37:
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In 1970, Dicke argued that the universe must have very nearly the
988:
309:
2127:"The Race to Prove the Existence of Cosmic Microwave Background"
1979:
Dicke, R. H. (1961). "Dirac's Cosmology and Mach's Principle".
1595:"The measurement of thermal radiation at microwave frequencies"
1331:"Seismology and geodesy of the sun: Low-frequency oscillations"
1048:
1028:
1780:"Robert Dicke; Theorized That Big Bang 'Echo' Still Resonates"
971:; May 6, 1916 – March 4, 1997) was an American astronomer and
1136:
1126:
1083:
1055:
1047:, from the roof of the Radiation Laboratory, of less than 20
1036:
363:
2637:
2297:"A Pentode Lock-In Amplifier of High Frequency Selectivity"
1943:
1389:
1335:
1062:
of the electron. An important contribution to the field of
963:
2049:"A Measurement of Excess Antenna Temperature at 4080 Mc/s"
2778:
Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences
1122:
957:
1280:, of which he was a member. He was also a member of the
1200:
to search for the radiation. They were preceded by the
1188:(having allegedly forgotten the earlier prediction of
1712:"A Cosmic Journey: A History of Scientific Cosmology"
960:
2244:"Design a DSP lock-in amplifier, Part 1: Background"
1139:, one of the classical tests of general relativity.
954:
1873:
951:
2171:
2152:
1385:"Seismology and geodesy of the sun: Solar geodesy"
1125:oblateness which were useful in understanding the
975:who made important contributions to the fields of
2169:
1743:, WORLD SCIENTIFIC, pp. 73–84, May 6, 2016,
1090:and the patent was awarded on September 9, 1958.
2744:
1301:Dicke married Annie Currie in 1942. Currie, of
1196:and Peter G. Roll, immediately began building a
2021:
1228:of matter needed to stop it expanding forever.
1027:. During the Second World War he worked in the
2375:. National Academy of Sciences. Archived from
2024:3 K: The Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation
1316:Retirement Community until her death in 2005.
1252:Dicke was also responsible for developing the
2828:Members of the American Philosophical Society
2294:
2046:
923:
27:American astronomer and physicist (1916–1997)
2501:"Nobel Lecture: How Physical Cosmology Grew"
2274:"Oral History Transcript — Dr. Robert Dicke"
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1978:
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122:Learn how and when to remove this message
2823:Fellows of the American Physical Society
2818:Winners of the Beatrice M. Tinsley Prize
2365:
2124:
1777:
1074:In 1956, approximately two years before
2551:"Princeton Physicist Robert Dicke Dies"
2498:
2428:American Academy of Arts & Sciences
2241:
1778:Archives, L. A. Times (March 6, 1997).
14:
2745:
2703:National Academy of Sciences biography
2295:Michels, W. C.; Curtis, N. L. (1941).
1035:where he worked on the development of
58:Please improve this article by adding
1592:
1553:
1516:
1473:
1436:
1382:
1328:
1282:American Academy of Arts and Sciences
1272:in 1978. In 1973, he was awarded the
1152:is very roughly equal to the inverse
1033:Massachusetts Institute of Technology
1019:and his doctorate, in 1939, from the
2242:Hageman, Steve (December 27, 2017).
2047:Penzias, A.A.; Wilson, R.W. (1965).
1164:: fundamental physical laws connect
993:Albert Einstein Professor in Science
31:
2783:National Medal of Science laureates
1168:to the lifetime of what are called
24:
2788:People from Hightstown, New Jersey
2548:
1184:he re-derived the prediction of a
658:2dF Galaxy Redshift Survey ("2dF")
25:
2839:
2768:20th-century American astronomers
2696:
2254:from the original on June 3, 2021
2159:. American Philosophical Society.
1737:"Robert Dicke and atomic physics"
873:Timeline of cosmological theories
638:Cosmic Background Explorer (COBE)
2763:20th-century American physicists
2301:Review of Scientific Instruments
2174:Principles of Physical Cosmology
1600:Review of Scientific Instruments
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2125:Levesque, Emily (May 8, 2022).
2118:
2083:
2040:
2015:
1972:
1322:
1117:of gravitation, developed with
653:Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS)
506:Future of an expanding universe
252:
2813:University of Rochester alumni
2178:. Princeton University Press.
2026:. Cambridge University Press.
1937:
1902:
1867:
1832:
1797:
1771:
1729:
1704:
1672:"Obituary: Robert Henry Dicke"
1652:
1288:. Dicke was nominated for the
1286:American Philosophical Society
1045:microwave background radiation
868:History of the Big Bang theory
664:Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy
13:
1:
1646:
1474:Dicke, RH (August 25, 1967).
1390:Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.
1336:Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.
1192:and co-workers). Dicke, with
860:Discovery of cosmic microwave
511:Ultimate fate of the universe
60:secondary or tertiary sources
2593:10.1126/science.242.4880.908
2528:10.1103/RevModPhys.92.030501
2155:Gravitation and the Universe
1931:10.1016/0003-4916(64)90259-3
1578:10.1126/science.129.3349.621
1539:10.1126/science.138.3541.653
1501:10.1126/science.157.3791.960
1459:10.1126/science.184.4135.419
1278:National Academy of Sciences
1002:
7:
2793:Princeton University alumni
2373:"Comstock Prize in Physics"
2221:10.1103/PhysRevLett.59.2607
1186:cosmic microwave background
1113:. In 1961, this led to the
1097:using the framework of the
628:Black Hole Initiative (BHI)
10:
2844:
2798:Scientists from New Jersey
2631:10.1103/PhysRevLett.36.551
2564:
2499:Peebles, P. J. E. (2020).
2170:Peebles, P. J. E. (1993).
1966:10.1103/PhysRevLett.18.313
1749:10.1142/9789813142527_0007
391:Chronology of the universe
2803:Scientists from St. Louis
2508:Reviews of Modern Physics
1861:10.1103/RevModPhys.29.363
1841:Reviews of Modern Physics
1274:Comstock Prize in Physics
1270:National Medal of Science
484:Expansion of the universe
336:
331:
327:
315:
305:
298:
291:Beatrice M. Tinsley Prize
281:Comstock Prize in Physics
276:National Medal of Science
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262:
239:
212:
196:
188:
169:
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136:
2808:Physicists from Missouri
2689:10.1103/PhysRev.125.2163
2276:. Aip.org. June 18, 1985
2022:R. B. Partridge (1995).
1383:Dicke, RH (March 1981).
1329:Dicke, RH (April 1981).
1297:Marriage and family life
1175:weak anthropic principle
1111:large numbers hypothesis
648:Planck space observatory
434:Gravitational wave (GWB)
2337:"Radiometric Receivers"
2201:Physical Review Letters
1946:Physical Review Letters
1896:10.1103/PhysRev.124.925
1216:), who were working at
1156:in certain units, then
1086:and the use of an open
1080:Arthur Leonard Schawlow
1021:University of Rochester
501:Inhomogeneous cosmology
206:University of Rochester
1826:10.1103/PhysRev.89.472
1411:10.1073/pnas.78.3.1309
1357:10.1073/pnas.78.4.1989
1290:Nobel Prize in Physics
1268:Dicke was awarded the
1147:gravitational constant
1143:Dirac had hypothesized
1011:, Dicke completed his
47:relies excessively on
2773:American cosmologists
2151:Dicke, R. H. (1970).
2092:Astrophysical Journal
2054:Astrophysical Journal
1305:descent, was born in
1210:Robert Woodrow Wilson
1099:equivalence principle
592:Large-scale structure
570:Shape of the universe
286:Elliott Cresson Medal
181:Princeton, New Jersey
2555:Princeton University
2474:"Robert Henry Dicke"
2453:search.amphilsoc.org
2449:"APS Member History"
2424:"Robert Henry Dicke"
1239:Copernican principle
1202:accidental detection
1194:David Todd Wilkinson
1029:Radiation Laboratory
1017:Princeton University
997:Princeton University
904:Astronomy portal
862:background radiation
839:List of cosmologists
201:Princeton University
2681:1962PhRv..125.2163D
2652:1968ApJ...154..891P
2623:1976PhRvL..36..551W
2585:1988Sci...242..908K
2549:Savani, Jacquelyn.
2520:2020RvMP...92c0501P
2379:on 29 December 2010
2313:1941RScI...12..444M
2213:1987PhRvL..59.2607W
2104:1965ApJ...142..414D
2067:1965ApJ...142..419P
1993:1961Natur.192..440D
1958:1967PhRvL..18..313D
1923:1964AnPhy..26..442R
1888:1961PhRv..124..925B
1853:1957RvMP...29..363D
1818:1953PhRv...89..472D
1688:1997PhT....50i..92H
1613:1946RScI...17..268D
1570:1959Sci...129..621D
1531:1962Sci...138..653D
1492:1967Sci...157..960D
1451:1974Sci...184..419D
1402:1981PNAS...78.1309D
1348:1981PNAS...78.1989D
1237:application of the
1154:age of the universe
1076:Charles Hard Townes
1009:St. Louis, Missouri
604:Structure formation
496:Friedmann equations
386:Age of the universe
350:Part of a series on
162:St. Louis, Missouri
1670:(September 1997).
1593:Dicke, RH (1946).
1115:Brans–Dicke theory
1095:general relativity
1060:gyromagnetic ratio
1058:and measuring the
943:Robert Henry Dicke
643:Dark Energy Survey
587:Large quasar group
356:Physical cosmology
322:Lee Alvin DuBridge
226:Brans–Dicke theory
148:Robert Henry Dicke
2403:www.nasonline.org
2399:"Robert H. Dicke"
2322:10.1063/1.1769919
2207:(22): 2607–2610.
1987:(4801): 440–441.
1911:Annals of Physics
1784:Los Angeles Times
1758:978-981-314-250-3
1622:10.1063/1.1770483
1564:(3349): 621–624.
1525:(3541): 653–664.
1445:(4135): 419–429.
1307:Barrow-in-Furness
1254:lock-in amplifier
1145:that because the
1039:and designed the
1013:bachelor's degree
940:
939:
611:
610:
453:
452:
345:
344:
300:Scientific career
218:lock-in amplifier
132:
131:
124:
106:
71:"Robert H. Dicke"
16:(Redirected from
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2001:10.1038/192440a0
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1697:10.1063/1.881921
1668:Wilkinson, David
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1503:
1470:
1433:
1423:
1413:
1396:(3): 1309–1312.
1379:
1369:
1359:
1342:(4): 1989–1993.
1226:critical density
1214:Dicke radiometer
1198:Dicke radiometer
1162:selection effect
1103:Mach's principle
1071:for gamma rays.
1069:Mössbauer effect
1041:Dicke radiometer
970:
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582:Galaxy formation
542:Lambda-CDM model
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1806:Physical Review
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1741:Physics Matters
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1716:history.aip.org
1710:
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1230:Standard models
1025:nuclear physics
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418:Nucleosynthesis
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1170:main sequence
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999:(1975–1984).
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991:. He was the
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173:March 4, 1997
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73: –
72:
68:
67:Find sources:
61:
55:
54:
50:
45:This article
43:
39:
34:
33:
30:
19:
2709:
2672:
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2643:
2640:Astrophys. J
2639:
2614:
2610:
2576:
2572:
2554:
2544:
2511:
2507:
2494:
2482:. Retrieved
2477:
2468:
2456:. Retrieved
2452:
2443:
2431:. Retrieved
2427:
2418:
2406:. Retrieved
2402:
2393:
2381:. Retrieved
2377:the original
2367:
2355:. Retrieved
2345:
2331:
2304:
2300:
2290:
2278:. Retrieved
2268:
2256:. Retrieved
2247:
2237:
2204:
2200:
2194:
2173:
2165:
2154:
2146:
2136:December 24,
2134:. Retrieved
2130:
2120:
2095:
2091:
2085:
2058:
2052:
2042:
2023:
2017:
1984:
1980:
1974:
1949:
1945:
1939:
1914:
1910:
1904:
1879:
1875:
1869:
1844:
1840:
1834:
1809:
1805:
1799:
1789:December 24,
1787:. Retrieved
1783:
1773:
1764:December 24,
1762:, retrieved
1740:
1731:
1721:December 24,
1719:. Retrieved
1715:
1706:
1682:(9): 92–94.
1679:
1675:
1654:
1604:
1598:
1561:
1555:
1522:
1518:
1483:
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1438:
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1388:
1339:
1334:
1323:Bibliography
1318:
1314:
1311:
1300:
1267:
1263:
1251:
1233:
1223:
1206:Arno Penzias
1190:George Gamow
1179:
1165:
1157:
1149:
1141:
1092:
1073:
1064:spectroscopy
1053:
1006:
977:astrophysics
942:
941:
710:
666:Probe (WMAP)
600:
597:Reionization
578:
550:
524:
492:
475:
472:Hubble's law
463:
442:
414:
377:
299:
245:Annie Currie
230:Dicke effect
175:(1997-03-04)
118:
109:
99:
92:
85:
78:
66:
46:
29:
18:Robert Dicke
2758:1997 deaths
2753:1916 births
2712:(1997) 1469
2675:(6): 2163.
2617:(11): 551.
2383:13 February
2098:: 414–419.
2061:: 419–421.
1265:Resistor".
1243:dark energy
1182:Jim Peebles
621:Experiments
554:Dark matter
547:Dark energy
489:FLRW metric
426:Backgrounds
222:Dicke model
189:Nationality
158:May 6, 1916
2747:Categories
2714:, obituary
2357:January 2,
2307:(9): 444.
2280:January 2,
1952:(9): 313.
1882:(3): 925.
1812:(2): 472.
1647:References
1130:precession
1127:perihelion
1107:Paul Dirac
701:Copernicus
679:Scientists
534:Components
154:1916-05-06
82:newspapers
49:references
2669:Phys. Rev
2601:128820028
2536:224985139
2353:. Nsf.gov
1276:from the
1218:Bell Labs
1134:Mercury's
1088:resonator
1003:Biography
985:cosmology
973:physicist
831:Zeldovich
731:Friedmann
706:de Sitter
633:BOOMERanG
562:Structure
527:Structure
411:Inflation
332:Signature
112:June 2010
2484:April 5,
2458:July 13,
2433:July 13,
2408:July 13,
2252:Archived
2229:10035596
1639:26658623
1631:20991753
1586:17735811
1547:17829699
1510:17792834
1467:17736508
1430:16592985
1376:16592998
1303:Scottish
1284:and the
1247:Weinberg
1234:a priori
1204:made by
1007:Born in
892:Category
811:Suntzeff
771:Lemaître
721:Einstein
686:Aaronson
479:Redshift
381:Universe
374:Big Bang
263:Children
192:American
2677:Bibcode
2648:Bibcode
2646:: 891.
2619:Bibcode
2581:Bibcode
2573:Science
2565:Sources
2516:Bibcode
2309:Bibcode
2258:June 3,
2209:Bibcode
2100:Bibcode
2063:Bibcode
2009:4196678
1989:Bibcode
1954:Bibcode
1919:Bibcode
1884:Bibcode
1849:Bibcode
1814:Bibcode
1684:Bibcode
1609:Bibcode
1566:Bibcode
1557:Science
1527:Bibcode
1519:Science
1488:Bibcode
1480:Science
1447:Bibcode
1439:Science
1398:Bibcode
1344:Bibcode
1049:kelvins
1031:at the
989:gravity
816:Sunyaev
801:Schmidt
791:Penzias
786:Penrose
761:Huygens
751:Hawking
736:Galileo
310:Physics
257:
249:
96:scholar
2599:
2534:
2227:
2182:
2030:
2007:
1981:Nature
1755:
1637:
1629:
1584:
1545:
1508:
1465:
1428:
1421:319117
1418:
1374:
1367:319267
1364:
890:
826:Wilson
821:Tolman
781:Newton
776:Mather
766:Kepler
756:Hubble
716:Ehlers
696:Alpher
691:Alfvén
599:
577:
549:
491:
474:
466:Future
441:
413:
376:
306:Fields
293:(1992)
288:(1974)
283:(1973)
278:(1970)
271:Awards
240:Spouse
208:(Ph.D)
203:(B.S.)
183:, U.S.
164:, U.S.
98:
91:
84:
77:
69:
2708:BAAS
2597:S2CID
2532:S2CID
2504:(PDF)
2005:S2CID
1635:S2CID
1137:orbit
1123:solar
1084:laser
1056:laser
1037:radar
806:Smoot
796:Rubin
741:Gamow
726:Ellis
711:Dicke
251:(
247:
103:JSTOR
89:books
2486:2022
2460:2022
2435:2022
2410:2022
2385:2011
2359:2014
2282:2014
2260:2021
2225:PMID
2180:ISBN
2138:2022
2028:ISBN
1791:2022
1766:2022
1753:ISBN
1723:2022
1627:PMID
1582:PMID
1543:PMID
1506:PMID
1463:PMID
1426:PMID
1372:PMID
1208:and
1105:and
1078:and
987:and
746:Guth
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