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to support her generals in the field with ample resources for carrying on the campaign, though his emissaries were in communication with the French King, and were settling the terms of a peace independently of
England's allies. After many weeks of vacillation and intrigue, when the negotiations were frequently on the point of being interrupted, the preliminary peace was signed, and in spite of the opposition of the Whig majority in the
849:
951:: it seems that the knife stuck in one of the ornaments. Why Guiscard was allowed to enter the room carrying a weapon is still something of a mystery, but, as the Gregg affair demonstrated, Harley was notoriously lax in matters of security, and it is likely that Guiscard had not been properly searched. To a man in good health, the wounds would not have been serious, but the minister had been suffering from ill health and
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751:, or her descendants, should Anne die without child. He wrote to Harley and summoned him to an audience, where he asked Harley what demands the Commons would make in order to be persuaded to pass a Bill incorporating the new line of succession. It was agreed that the Bill would include further limitations of the monarch's power. Afterwards, William approved his election as Speaker of the House of Commons.
868:, in Harley's office, was found to have given the French enemy copies of many documents which should have been kept from the knowledge of all but the most trusted advisers of the court, and it was found that through the carelessness of the head of the department the contents of such papers became the common property of all in his service. The celebrated author
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dilatoriness, and to find some excuse for his apathy in ill health, aggravated by excess in the pleasures of the table and by the loss of his favourite child. The confidence of Queen Anne was gradually transferred from Oxford to
Bolingbroke; on 27 July 1714 the former surrendered his staff as lord treasurer, and on 1 August the queen died.
897:, were the weapons which he used to influence the masses of the people. Marlborough himself could not be displaced, but his relations were dismissed from their posts in turn. When the greatest of these, Lord Godolphin, was ejected from office on 10 August 1710, five commissioners to the treasury were appointed; among them was Harley as
872:, then an employee of Harley's, had warned that his lax security was an invitation to treason. The Queen was informed by Godolphin and Marlborough that they would no longer serve with Harley. They did not attend her next council, on 8 February 1708, and when Harley proposed to proceed with the business of the day the
963:, and he wrote to Harley on the day that the new Treasury board met: "Your great abilities and your knowledge of the Revenue, will soon make you master of all the business, but how you will restore credit, and find money for the demands that will be upon you exceeds my capacity". Harley in 1711 created the
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With the sympathy which these attempted assassinations had evoked, and with the skill which the Lord
Treasurer possessed for conciliating the calmer members of either political party, he passed several months in office without any loss of reputation. He rearranged the nation's finances, and continued
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had penned the prayer, "Pray God preserve his health, everything depends upon it". The joy of the nation on his recovery knew no bounds. Both Houses presented an address to the crown, a suitable response came from the Queen, and on Harley's reappearance in the Lower House, the
Speaker made an oration
694:, Harley believed that the subordination of English soldiers to Dutch officers was the cause of the heavy English casualties. He, therefore, proposed a motion that future appointments of English foot regiments should be manned by Englishmen, which the House passed on 23 November 1692. He also opposed
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Thomson criticizes Harley's tenure at the
Northern Department, calling him "culpably negligent in the conduct of his business". In addition to citing the lax security already mentioned, Thomson writes that Harley "so arranged matters that the unhappy clerks in his office could not begin work until
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in
September 1710, was fast changing into hatred. The latter had resented the rise in fortune which the stabs of Guiscard had secured for his colleague Harley, and when he was raised to the peerage with the title of Baron St John and Viscount Bolingbroke, instead of with an Earldom, his resentment
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found that, although the Lord
Treasurer was profuse in his expressions of goodwill for their cause, no steps were taken to ensure its triumph, and they no longer placed reliance on promises which were repeatedly made and repeatedly broken. Even Harley's (Oxford's) friends began to complain of his
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Harley was forced from office, but his cousin
Abigail, who had recently married, continued in the Queen's service. Harley employed her influence without scruple, and not in vain. The cost of the protracted war with France, and the danger to the national church, the chief proof of which lay in the
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occurred and was defeated. Interrogators of
Jacobite prisoners tried to discover if there was a connection with Harley in the plan, but none could be established. This significantly delayed Harley's trial, as priority was given to the leading rebels, several of whom were executed. This may have
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It was the aim of the new chancellor to frame an administration from the moderate members of both parties, and to adopt with but slight changes the policy of his predecessors; but his efforts were doomed to disappointment. The Whigs refused to join an alliance with him, and the Tories, who were
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In
November 1698 and in January 1700 Harley was approached by the ministry to accept office in the government, on the latter occasion being offered the Secretaryship of State. He refused on both occasions as he did not want to serve with the Whigs. Upon the death of Anne's only surviving child,
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to handle the national debtβit proved highly successful (at firstβthe notorious "bubble" began in 1720). He succeeded in restoring confidence under his tenure; whereas the Jacobite invasion scare of 1708 and the alarm caused by the Queen's illness in early 1714 both caused runs on the bank,
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to limit the maximum life of a Parliament to three years. In the Commons in early 1693, he claimed that long parliaments were not as representative as short-lived ones and he drew from his pocket a copy of King William's Declaration of 1688 in which he had promised frequent parliaments.
984:(the latter, despite its form, being a single peerage). Harley claimed the title of Oxford because of his relationship through marriage to the previous holders, the De Veres. The title of Earl Mortimer was added in case a claim was laid to the Oxford earldom. On 29 May he was appointed
778:, as previously agreed with King William. Harley was pleased that both the Whigs and the Tories had agreed on placing further limits on the power of the crown and he was reported to have said that "he hoped in a little time our infamous distinctions and parties, but particularly
698:' proposed Abjuration Bill. If passed, this would have compelled office-holders to take an oath against recognising James II as the lawful king upon penalty of dismissal and imprisonment on the first refusal, with the penalties of high treason upon the second refusal.
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The clamours of the wilder spirits, the country members who met at the October Club, began to be re-echoed even by those who were attached to the person of Harley, when, through an unexpected event, his popularity was restored at a bound. A French refugee, the former
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Harley's importance to literature cannot be overstated. As a patron of the arts, he was notable. As a preservationist, he was invaluable. He used his wealth and power to collect an unparalleled library. He commissioned the creation of ballad collections, such as
1217:, contributed to the literary productions of the Club. His particular talent lay in poetry, and some of his work (always unsigned) has been preserved and may be found among editions of Swift's poetry. Additionally, he likely had some hand in the writing of
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during its passage through the Commons and he hoped for "an equal settlement of religion" to be achieved by the inclusion of Presbyterians in the Church of England. However, this was not adopted. He also helped to defeat a Tory amendment to the
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After an imprisonment of nearly two years, Harley was formally acquitted of the charges of high treason and high crimes and misdemeanours for which he had been impeached two years earlier, and allowed to resume his place among the peers.
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Both the Duchess and Godolphin were convinced that this change in the disposition of the queen was due to the influence of Harley and his relatives, but he was permitted to remain in office. Later, an ill-paid and poverty-stricken clerk,
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of English medieval learning, and they were right to do so, for he was the correspondent and benefactor of very many of them, and he deserved their gratitude as surely as he earned through his book-collecting the thanks of posterity".
1802:(London: Methuen, 1902). Appendices: I. Swift's character of the Earl of Oxford.--II. Money lent to the Queen by the Earl of Oxford.--III. Note on the manuscripts and letters of and relating to Robert Harley, Earl of Oxford.
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For some time, so long indeed as the victories of the great English general cast a glamour over the policy of his friends, Harley continued to act loyally with his colleagues. But in the summer of 1707, it became evident to
663:, which he represented until his elevation to the peerage in 1711. From an early age, Harley paid particular attention to the conduct of public business, taking special care over the study of the forms and ceremonies of the
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on a charge of treason, when he stabbed Harley in the breast with a penknife (8 March 1711). Fortunately for Harley, he had a taste for fine clothes, and on that occasion was wearing an ornate gold brocade
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735:, Harley emerged as the leader of the combined Country Whig-Tory opposition alliance against the Junto, or what Harley called the 'New Country Party'. Also in this year, he began his association with
1106:. His political allies St John and Ormonde both fled to France before they could be arrested on similar grounds and entered the service of James. Initially, he was in ill health, suffering from
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through her mother, and of Harley on her father's side), whose coaxing contrasted favourably in the eyes of the Queen with the haughty manners of her old friend, the Duchess of Marlborough.
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One of the most pressing problems at this time was the major crisis in public finance caused by the need to pay for the war against France. The architect of Great Britain's finance was
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that some secret influence behind the throne was shaking the confidence of the Queen in her ministers. The sovereign had resented the intrusion into the administration of the impetuous
999:, in which a hat-box, armed with loaded pistols to be triggered by a thread within the package was sent to him; the assassination attempt was forestalled by the prompt intervention of
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knew no bounds. The royal favourite, Abigail, whose husband had been called to the Upper House as Baron Masham, deserted her old friend and relation for his more vivacious rival. The
709:. In December 1690 he was elected to the Commission of Public Accounts to "examine, take and state" the accounts of the realm since William's accession, as expenditure had ballooned.
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in an effort to weaken court patronage. In taking part in the debates, Harley wrote: "I hope we have shown the parts of honest men and lovers of our country". He also supported the
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successful beyond their wildest hopes at the polling booths, could not understand why their leaders did not adopt a policy more favourable to the interests of their party.
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midnight or a little before and so were unable to leave till dawn. Even where there was nothing to do, they were kept in attendance until about three in the morning".
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was brought about. At the time of his appointment as Secretary of State, Harley had given no outward sign of dissatisfaction with the Whigs, and it was mainly through
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705:, of the 'Old Whigs' who were willing to cooperate with Tories in pursuing 'Country Party' measures against the ministerial or court Whigs in office, the so-called
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in which he reminded the House of recent Tory persecutions (such as the harsh punishment of Monmouth's followers) and said that this injustice must be remedied.
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Immediately following his release Oxford was informed by George I that he was no longer welcome at court. He joined with the Tory lords to oppose the new
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This recommended Robert Harley to the notice of the Boscawen family, and led to his election, in April 1689, as the parliamentary representative of
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During 1688 Harley acted as his father's agent in promoting support for William, Prince of Orange and the Protestant cause against the policies of
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were taught to him at an early age, and he never formally abandoned his family's religious opinions, although he departed from them in politics.
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which was defeated. After this Lord Oxford increasingly took little part in public affairs, and died almost unnoticed in London on 21 May 1724.
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Johnson, Richard R. "Politics Redefined: An Assessment of Recent Writings on the Late Stuart Period of English History, 1660 to 1714."
747:, in July 1700, King William III became concerned with the succession. William believed it was imperative that the crown should go to
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drew attention to their absence. The Queen found herself forced (11 February) to accept the resignations of both Harley and
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during three consecutive Parliaments until March 1705. From 18 May 1704, he combined this office with that of the
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in Parliament, in alliance with the Opposition Whigs. In 1719 they joined together in opposition to Stanhope's
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by the Countess of Oxford and Countess Mortimer and her daughter, the Duchess of Portland; it is known as the
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depended on the fortunes of the Tories. These convictions were strengthened in her mind by the new favourite
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643:. Harley obtained a commission as a major of militia foot in Herefordshire, which he held for several years.
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on 5 November, Sir Edward Harley and his son immediately raised a troop of horse in support of the cause of
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1231:, in Harley's time "the whole company of scholars looked up to Robert Harley, Earl of Oxford, as the great
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In 1696 Harley advocated the founding of a Land Bank that would serve the agricultural interest as the
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and was cared for by his wife Sarah who remained with him during the first weeks of his imprisonment.
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Bennett, Gareth Vaughan. "Robert Harley, the Godolphin ministry, and the bishoprics crisis of 1707."
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659:. He sat for Tregony for one parliament, after which, in 1690, he was elected by the constituency of
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with France in 1713, which brought an end to twelve years of English and Scottish involvement in the
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After Elizabeth's death, Harley married Sarah (died 17 June 1737), daughter of Simon Middleton of
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798:'s talents as a political writer. This proved so successful that he was later to employ both
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While these negotiations were under discussion, the friendship between Harley (Oxford) and
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Holmes, Geoffrey S., and William Arthur Speck. "The Fall of Harley in 1708 Reconsidered."
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to inherit the crown if he converted to Protestantism. On 14 May, Harley delivered his
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1299:, London, on 18 September 1694. They had no children. He died in 1724 at his house in
1078:, but a few months later his impeachment was decided upon and he was committed to the
498:. In 1714 Harley fell from favour following the accession of the first monarch of the
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Harley supported a Bill to exclude from the Commons holders of government office and
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615:. Harley wrote afterwards that "we are not a little rejoiced" at Monmouth's defeat.
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2105:"Archival material relating to Robert Harley, 1st Earl of Oxford and Earl Mortimer"
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2018:
Snyder, Henry L. "Godolphin and Harley: A Study of Their Partnership in Politics."
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History of England, Comprising the Reign of Queen Anne until the Peace of Utrecht
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1819:, Oxford University Press, 2004; online edn, Oct 2007, accessed 18 January 2011.
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benefited him as the angry mood amongst Whigs against him had calmed by 1717.
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a distinct possibility. Many of the charges related to his negotiation of the
441:(5 December 1661 β 21 May 1724) was an English statesman and peer of the late
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After a series of French victories in Flanders during the early years of the
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1098:. Further charges were added regarding his alleged secret plotting with the
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MacLachlan, A. D. 'The Road to Peace 1710β13', in Geoffrey Holmes (ed.),
1529:"Robert Harley as Secretary of State and his Intelligence Work: 1702β1708"
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The central achievement of Harley's government was the negotiation of the
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to pen pamphlets for him for use against his many opponents in politics.
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In May 1685 Harley married as his first wife Elizabeth, a daughter of
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As Speaker of the first Parliament, Harley oversaw the passage of the
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Illuminated manuscripts: a guide to the British Libraryβs collections
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His father was wrongly imprisoned for suspected support for the 1685
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He was also a noted literary figure, serving as a patron of both the
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Quartered arms of Robert Harley, 1st Earl of Oxford and Earl Mortimer
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on his behalf. Harley was sent to report to William, meeting him at
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British Library Illuminated Manuscripts; The Foundation Collections
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After the general election of February 1701, he held the office of
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This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
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is sometimes said to be named after him, although it was his son
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935:
1813:
Harley, Robert, first earl of Oxford and Mortimer (1661β1724)
1786:
Robert Harley: Speaker, Secretary of State and Premier Minister
1357:
Robert Harley: Speaker, Secretary of State and Premier Minister
1256:, and they had four children before she died in November 1691:
1174:
literature that was then incomprehensible, and a great deal of
1019:
was brought to a conclusion on 31 March 1713. The Whig cry of "
701:
During the early 1690s, Harley became a leader, second only to
1850:
The Backstairs Dragon: A Life of Robert Harley, Earl of Oxford
1166:, and he purchased loose poems from all corners. He preserved
1011:, which was met by the creation of twelve new peers nicknamed
754:
1864:
Robert Harley Earl of Oxford. The Stanhope Prize Essay, 1925
995:
A further attempt was made on his life in November with the
646:
4127:
462:
904:
1998:
Roberts, Clayton. "The Fall of the Godolphin Ministry."
1749:"Oxford, Earl of, and Mortimer, Earl (GB, 1711 β 1853)"
1030:
Robert Harley pictured carrying the white staff of the
1800:
Robert Harley, Earl of Oxford, Prime Minister, 1710β14
1341:
Robert Harley, Earl of Oxford, Prime Minister, 1710β14
1277:
Elizabeth (2 June 1689-20 November 1713), who married
1274:
and succeeded as 2nd Earl of Oxford and Earl Mortimer.
1193:
When he was in office, Harley promoted the careers of
569:, in a small school which produced at the same time a
1981:
McInnes, Angus. "The Appointment of Harley in 1704."
1733:
English Scholars. 1660β1730. Second, revised edition
956:
which was spread by broadsheet through the country.
2837:
Robert Harley, 1st Earl of Oxford and Earl Mortimer
1886:Cobbett, William, Thomas B. Howell, and J. Thomas,
1307:, and was buried in the churchyard of St Barnabas,
833:, and had persuaded herself that the safety of the
429:
Robert Harley, 1st Earl of Oxford and Earl Mortimer
1354:
917:Oxford (right), together with his friend and ally
549:and his wife Abigail Stephens and the grandson of
2070:. Vol. 20 (11th ed.). pp. 403β404.
1178:literature. His collection, with that of his son
971:
618:
553:and his third wife, the celebrated letter-writer
5159:Secretaries of state for the Northern Department
5095:
3206:
2637:Thomas Clifford, 1st Baron Clifford of Chudleigh
1735:(London: Eyre & Spottiswoode, 1951), p. 263.
821:influence that he was admitted to the ministry.
785:
581:) and a Lord Chief Justice of the Common Pleas (
1993:Britain after the Glorious Revolution 1689β1714
1922:Britain after the Glorious Revolution 1689β1714
1900:Davies, Godfrey. "The Fall of Harley in 1708."
1611:
1609:
2081:Portraits of Robert Harley, 1st Earl of Oxford
1292:, which he inherited from his father in 1700.
782:, should be wholly abolished and extirpated".
765:Secretary of State for the Northern Department
187:Secretary of State for the Northern Department
18:Robert Harley, 1st Earl of Oxford and Mortimer
5189:Members of the Privy Council of Great Britain
5114:Chancellors of the Exchequer of Great Britain
4113:
3192:
2885:
2436:
1441:
1439:
1393:
1391:
1389:
1352:
479:, although it is generally accepted that the
5149:Peers of Great Britain created by Queen Anne
1995:(London: Macmillan, 1969), pp. 197β215.
1966:History of England in the Eighteenth Century
1924:(London: Macmillan, 1969), pp. 216β237.
1890:(London: 1809β26, part of a 34 vol. series).
1606:
1260:Abigail (1685? - 15 July 1750), who married
1066:Impeachment of Robert Harley, Earl of Oxford
980:, of Wigmore in the County of Hereford, and
938:La Bourlie (better known by the name of the
465:in 1711. Between 1711 and 1714 he served as
5119:Speakers of the House of Commons of England
4848:
2625:Thomas Wriothesley, 4th Earl of Southampton
1743:
1741:
4120:
4106:
3199:
3185:
2892:
2878:
2730:Charles Mordaunt, 3rd Earl of Peterborough
2443:
2429:
2218:Speaker of the House of Commons of England
2113:
2087:
1788:(New Haven: Yale University Press, 1988).
1436:
1386:
1279:Peregrine Osborne, later 3rd Duke of Leeds
1224:though it is impossible to tell how much.
1059:
968:Godolphin's fall did not precipitate one.
755:Speaker of the House of Commons: 1701β1705
483:first minister to be a prime minister was
58:
5214:People associated with the British Museum
1652:Earl of Oxford and E. Mortimer impeached.
1544:
1406:House of Commons 1690β1715 Volume 1 p.244
1182:, was sold to Parliament in 1753 for the
647:Backbench member of parliament: 1689β1701
4087:Interim Chancellor of the Exchequer, as
2596:Francis Cottington, 1st Baron Cottington
2056:
1738:
1526:
1270:(2 June 1689-16 June 1741), who married
1243:
1140:
1025:
912:
887:
847:
532:
473:'s chief minister. He has been called a
419:
251:February 1701 β 25 October 1705
5184:Members of the Privy Council of England
2823:Sidney Godolphin, 1st Earl of Godolphin
2793:Sidney Godolphin, 1st Earl of Godolphin
2769:Sidney Godolphin, 1st Earl of Godolphin
2746:Sidney Godolphin, 1st Earl of Godolphin
2666:Sidney Godolphin, 1st Earl of Godolphin
2526:Lionel Cranfield, 1st Earl of Middlesex
1817:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
1586:
1113:Not long after he was detained a major
919:Henry St John, 1st Viscount Bolingbroke
878:Henry St John, 1st Viscount Bolingbroke
827:Sidney Godolphin, 1st Earl of Godolphin
679:that would have enabled James II's son
506:, and was for a time imprisoned in the
199:18 May 1704 β 13 February 1708
14:
5209:English book and manuscript collectors
5096:
2843:Charles Talbot, 1st Duke of Shrewsbury
2030:Sidney Godolphin: Servant of the state
1895:A History of the Tory Party, 1640β1714
1262:George Hay, later 8th Earl of Kinnoull
1156:
905:Chancellor of the Exchequer: 1710β1711
852:Robert Harley by Jonathan Richardson,
5144:Earls in the Peerage of Great Britain
4101:
3180:
2873:
2589:Edward Littleton, 1st Baron Lyttelton
2520:Henry Montagu, 1st Earl of Manchester
2491:Henry Howard, 1st Earl of Northampton
2424:
2032:(University of Delaware Press, 1992).
1946:A land of liberty?: England 1689β1727
1870:
790:Harley was an early practitioner of '
635:, and took possession of the city of
541:, London, in 1661, the eldest son of
147:11 August 1710 β 4 June 1711
2801:Charles Howard, 3rd Earl of Carlisle
2777:Charles Montagu, 1st Earl of Halifax
2688:Laurence Hyde, 1st Earl of Rochester
2658:Laurence Hyde, 1st Earl of Rochester
2568:Richard Weston, 1st Earl of Portland
2478:Thomas Sackville, 1st Earl of Dorset
1859:(Littlehampton Book Services, 1970).
1284:Robert, who died in infancy in 1690.
1180:Edward, 2nd Lord Oxford and Mortimer
41:The Earl of Oxford and Earl Mortimer
2738:John Lowther, 1st Viscount Lonsdale
2631:George Monck, 1st Duke of Albemarle
2499:Thomas Egerton, 1st Baron Ellesmere
2484:Robert Cecil, 1st Earl of Salisbury
1939:British politics in the age of Anne
1845:(Cambridge University Press, 1979).
1590:The Secretaries of State: 1681-1782
1082:on 16 July 1715. He was accused of
1074:, the defeated minister retired to
976:On 23 May 1711 the minister became
809:During the time of his office, the
95:30 May 1711 β 30 July 1714
24:
2785:Ford Grey, 1st Earl of Tankerville
2618:Edward Hyde, 1st Earl of Clarendon
2562:James Ley, 1st Earl of Marlborough
2532:James Ley, 1st Earl of Marlborough
2506:Thomas Howard, 1st Earl of Suffolk
2062:Oxford, Robert Harley, 1st Earl of
2009:Philip Stanhope, 5th Earl Stanhope
1838:(London: Allen & Unwin, 1975).
1823:
1220:The Memoirs of Martinus Scriblerus
1170:literature (particularly poetry),
988:, and on 25 October 1712 became a
745:Prince William, Duke of Gloucester
589:, but disliked it. He entered the
585:). Harley then spent some time at
449:periods. He began his career as a
25:
5285:
2722:John Belasyse, 1st Baron Belasyse
2695:John Belasyse, 1st Baron Belasyse
2643:Thomas Osborne, 1st Duke of Leeds
2085:National Portrait Gallery, London
2074:
1857:Robert Harley: Puritan Politician
1755:. 31 January 2004. Archived from
1593:. London: Frank Cass. p. 19.
1361:. Yale University Press. p.
942:), was being examined before the
529:who actually developed the area.
5139:Garter Knights appointed by Anne
4828:
4129:Speakers of the House of Commons
2951:
2650:Arthur Capell, 1st Earl of Essex
2541:
2403:Earl of Oxford and Earl Mortimer
2044:
2020:The Huntington Library Quarterly
1576:DNBO1 reference to William Gregg
1227:In the opinion of the historian
982:Earl of Oxford and Earl Mortimer
925:. Engraving after a painting by
593:on 18 March 1682, but was never
2288:Custos Rotulorum of Radnorshire
2095:Works relating to Robert Harley
1725:
1706:
1697:
1688:
1679:
1670:
1661:
1645:
1636:
1627:
1618:
1597:
1580:
1569:
1520:
1511:
1502:
1493:
1484:
1475:
1466:
1457:
1121:Harley also benefited from the
457:ministry. He was raised to the
239:Speaker of the House of Commons
79:Chief Minister of Great Britain
5224:High sheriffs of Herefordshire
2830:John Poulett, 1st Earl Poulett
2000:The Journal of British Studies
1953:The William and Mary Quarterly
1828:
1448:
1427:
1418:
1409:
1400:
1346:
1333:
1125:between rival factions led by
972:Lord High Treasurer: 1711β1714
944:Privy Council of Great Britain
619:Glorious Revolution: 1688β1689
27:British politician (1661β1724)
13:
1:
2936:5th Baron Willoughby de Broke
1962:William Edward Hartpole Lecky
1929:The English Historical Review
1902:The English Historical Review
1878:The English Historical Review
1775:
1321:Early-18th-century Whig plots
1088:high crimes and misdemeanours
853:
786:Northern Secretary: 1704β1708
657:High Sheriff of Herefordshire
496:War of the Spanish Succession
5134:Fellows of the Royal Society
3208:Chancellors of the Exchequer
2978:1st Lord Barrett of Newburgh
2901:Chancellors of the Exchequer
2854:Italics indicate service as
1215:The 1st Viscount Bolingbroke
1046:, the latter who had become
749:Sophia, Electress of Hanover
728:served the monied interest.
453:, before defecting to a new
7:
5169:People acquitted of treason
4724:3rd Protectorate Parliament
4706:2nd Protectorate Parliament
2342:Chancellor of the Exchequer
2236:Parliament of Great Britain
2201:Parliament of Great Britain
1843:Robert Harley and the Press
1314:
899:Chancellor of the Exchequer
681:James Francis Edward Stuart
545:, a prominent landowner in
135:Chancellor of the Exchequer
10:
5290:
2856:First Lord of the Treasury
2741:(March 1690βNovember 1690)
2725:(December 1688βApril 1689)
2058:Courtney, William Prideaux
1866:(Oxford: Blackwell, 1925).
1272:Henrietta Cavendish Holles
1063:
510:by his political enemies.
116:Commission of the Treasury
5154:People from Covent Garden
5061:
4990:
4929:
4918:
4837:
4826:
4803:
4624:
4483:
4232:
4151:
4140:
4082:
3678:
3482:
3214:
3129:
3096:
3059:
3038:
3005:
2960:
2949:
2912:
2852:
2811:
2756:
2705:
2676:
2605:
2550:
2539:
2466:
2409:
2400:
2395:
2388:
2378:
2369:
2358:
2348:
2339:
2331:
2321:
2312:
2304:
2294:
2285:
2277:
2272:
2262:
2249:
2241:
2234:
2224:
2215:
2207:
2197:
2184:
2176:
2162:
2142:
2130:
2123:
1587:Thomson, Mark A. (1932).
1239:
1072:George I of Great Britain
414:
402:
391:
381:
371:
357:
329:
302:
297:
293:
281:
269:
255:
244:
237:
225:
213:
203:
192:
185:
173:
161:
151:
140:
133:
121:
109:
99:
88:
77:
73:
57:
34:
2390:Peerage of Great Britain
2211:Sir Thomas Littleton, Bt
2037:England under Queen Anne
1931:80.317 (1965): 673β698.
1904:66.259 (1951): 246β254.
1880:82.325 (1967): 726β746.
1852:(Hamish Hamilton, 1969).
1633:Roscoe, 1902, pp 146β51.
1343:(London: Methuen, 1902).
1326:
733:general election of 1698
459:peerage of Great Britain
352:Kingdom of Great Britain
5269:Politicians from London
3165:Sir William Wyndham, Bt
2924:Sir George Home of Spot
2862:was ruled by Commission
2733:(April 1689βMarch 1690)
2067:Encyclopædia Britannica
1546:10.1111/1468-229X.13360
1527:Marshall, Alan (2023).
1499:Hill, p. 58, pp. 59β60.
1454:Hill, p. 26, pp. 33β34.
1060:Imprisonment: 1715β1717
5274:Collectors from London
2907:(1603β1649; 1660β1714)
2461:(1603β1649; 1660β1714)
2382:The Duke of Shrewsbury
1985:11.2 (1968): 255β271.
1983:The Historical Journal
1941:(A&C Black, 1987).
1836:Bolingbroke and Harley
1718:2 October 2019 at the
1654:at the journal of the
1353:Brian W. Hill (1988).
1249:
1039:
1021:No Peace Without Spain
930:
860:
843:Duchess of Marlborough
776:Act of Settlement 1701
769:The Earl of Nottingham
555:Brilliana, Lady Harley
425:
128:The Duke of Shrewsbury
5264:English MPs 1705β1707
5259:English MPs 1702β1705
5254:English MPs 1701β1702
5244:English MPs 1698β1700
5239:English MPs 1695β1698
5234:English MPs 1690β1695
5229:English MPs 1689β1690
5204:British MPs 1710β1713
5199:British MPs 1708β1710
5194:British MPs 1707β1708
4922:of the United Kingdom
3224:Eustace of Fauconberg
2653:(MarchβNovember 1679)
2621:(JuneβSeptember 1660)
2245:Parliament of England
2125:Parliament of England
1848:Hamilton, Elizabeth.
1247:
1141:Later life: 1717β1724
1029:
916:
888:Opposition: 1708β1710
851:
670:Harley supported the
557:. He was educated at
533:Early life: 1661β1688
423:
5124:Lord high treasurers
4691:Barebones Parliament
2984:1st Baron Cottington
2749:(November 1690β1694)
2698:(1687βDecember 1688)
2661:(November 1679β1684)
2455:Lord High Treasurers
2252:Member of Parliament
2187:Member of Parliament
2145:Member of Parliament
2109:UK National Archives
2002:22.1 (1982): 71β93.
1070:On the accession of
990:Knight of the Garter
575:Lord High Chancellor
573:(Harley himself), a
276:Sir Thomas Littleton
37:The Right Honourable
5164:Harleian Collection
3108:Sir Charles Montagu
2845:(JulyβOctober 1714)
2372:Lord High Treasurer
1759:on 28 December 2010
1290:Brampton Bryan Hall
1248:Brampton Bryan Hall
1209:as a member of the
1164:The Bagford Ballads
1157:Literary importance
1036:Jonathan Richardson
1032:Lord High Treasurer
940:Marquis de Guiscard
927:Sir Godfrey Kneller
571:Lord High Treasurer
537:Harley was born in
467:Lord High Treasurer
83:Lord High Treasurer
4089:Lord Chief Justice
3141:1st Baron Carleton
2990:Sir John Colepeper
2942:Sir Richard Weston
2315:Northern Secretary
2308:Sir Charles Hedges
2298:The Lord Coningsby
2281:Sir Rowland Gwynne
2273:Political offices
2180:Sir Rowland Gwynne
2028:Sundstrom, Roy A.
1976:History of England
1972:Thomas B. Macaulay
1948:(Oxford UP, 2000).
1937:Holmes, Geoffrey.
1871:Background studies
1753:Cracroft's Peerage
1731:David C. Douglas,
1250:
1048:Secretary of State
1040:
931:
921:and a portrait of
861:
613:Monmouth rebellion
600:The principles of
426:
324:Kingdom of England
220:Sir Charles Hedges
5091:
5090:
5087:
5086:
4914:
4913:
4824:
4823:
4095:
4094:
3174:
3173:
3081:2nd Baron Delamer
2930:Sir Julius Caesar
2867:
2866:
2645:(1673βMarch 1679)
2419:
2418:
2410:Succeeded by
2379:Succeeded by
2349:Succeeded by
2322:Succeeded by
2295:Succeeded by
2263:Succeeded by
2225:Succeeded by
2198:Succeeded by
2166:Sir John Tremayne
2163:Succeeded by
2153:1689β1690
2035:Trevelyan, G.M.
2022:(1967): 241β271.
1968:. London, 1878β90
1955:(1978): 691β732.
1372:978-0-300-04284-9
1311:, Herefordshire.
1213:. He, along with
1188:Harley Collection
1096:Treaty of Utrecht
1017:Treaty of Utrecht
1015:, the much-vexed
965:South Sea Company
923:Francis Atterbury
895:Henry Sacheverell
841:(a cousin of the
835:Church of England
811:Act of Union 1707
800:Delarivier Manley
629:landed in England
595:called to the bar
587:Foubert's Academy
551:Sir Robert Harley
543:Sir Edward Harley
492:Treaty of Utrecht
418:
417:
407:Sir Edward Harley
16:(Redirected from
5281:
5249:English MPs 1701
4927:
4926:
4920:House of Commons
4846:
4845:
4841:of Great Britain
4839:House of Commons
4832:
4149:
4148:
4142:House of Commons
4122:
4115:
4108:
4099:
4098:
3484:of Great Britain
3201:
3194:
3187:
3178:
3177:
3017:1st Baron Ashley
2972:1st Baron Weston
2955:
2894:
2887:
2880:
2871:
2870:
2839:(1711βJuly 1714)
2545:
2445:
2438:
2431:
2422:
2421:
2365:The Earl Poulett
2332:Preceded by
2305:Preceded by
2278:Preceded by
2242:Preceded by
2208:Preceded by
2177:Preceded by
2134:Charles Boscawen
2131:Preceded by
2121:
2120:
2117:
2112:
2099:Internet Archive
2091:
2071:
2050:
2048:
2047:
1944:Hoppit, Julian.
1893:Feiling, Keith.
1855:McInnes, Angus.
1834:Biddle, Sheila.
1769:
1768:
1766:
1764:
1745:
1736:
1729:
1723:
1710:
1704:
1701:
1695:
1692:
1686:
1683:
1677:
1674:
1668:
1665:
1659:
1649:
1643:
1640:
1634:
1631:
1625:
1622:
1616:
1613:
1604:
1601:
1595:
1594:
1584:
1578:
1573:
1567:
1566:
1548:
1539:(381): 328β352.
1524:
1518:
1515:
1509:
1506:
1500:
1497:
1491:
1488:
1482:
1481:Hill, pp. 44β45.
1479:
1473:
1470:
1464:
1461:
1455:
1452:
1446:
1443:
1434:
1431:
1425:
1422:
1416:
1415:Hill, pp. 17β18.
1413:
1407:
1404:
1398:
1395:
1384:
1383:
1381:
1379:
1360:
1350:
1344:
1337:
1301:Albemarle Street
1229:David C. Douglas
1205:. He also wrote
874:Duke of Somerset
858:
855:
737:Sidney Godolphin
665:House of Commons
500:House of Hanover
410:Abigail Stephens
336:
312:
310:
298:Personal details
284:
272:
249:
228:
216:
197:
176:
164:
145:
124:
112:
93:
62:
32:
31:
21:
5289:
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5284:
5283:
5282:
5280:
5279:
5278:
5094:
5093:
5092:
5083:
5057:
4986:
4921:
4910:
4840:
4833:
4820:
4799:
4620:
4479:
4228:
4143:
4136:
4126:
4096:
4091:
4078:
3964:Heathcoat-Amory
3681:
3674:
3478:
3210:
3205:
3175:
3170:
3133:
3125:
3100:
3092:
3087:Richard Hampden
3067:
3055:
3042:
3034:
3009:
3001:
2996:Sir Edward Hyde
2964:
2956:
2947:
2916:
2908:
2905:House of Stuart
2898:
2868:
2863:
2848:
2815:
2807:
2760:
2752:
2713:
2701:
2680:
2672:
2609:
2601:
2554:
2546:
2537:
2470:
2462:
2459:House of Stuart
2449:
2415:
2406:
2384:
2375:
2367:
2354:
2345:
2337:
2327:
2318:
2310:
2300:
2291:
2283:
2268:
2259:
2247:
2230:
2221:
2213:
2203:
2194:
2182:
2172:
2168:
2154:
2152:
2140:
2136:
2103:
2077:
2045:
2043:
2015:(London: 1870).
1978:(London, 1855).
1918:Geoffrey Holmes
1910:Gregg, Edward.
1873:
1831:
1826:
1824:Further reading
1778:
1773:
1772:
1762:
1760:
1747:
1746:
1739:
1730:
1726:
1720:Wayback Machine
1711:
1707:
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1351:
1347:
1338:
1334:
1329:
1317:
1242:
1211:Scriblerus Club
1159:
1143:
1115:Jacobite Rising
1080:Tower of London
1068:
1062:
1034:. Portrait by
974:
907:
893:prosecution of
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2075:External links
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2039:(3 v 1930β34).
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1288:They lived at
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1195:Jonathan Swift
1184:British Museum
1176:Middle English
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1147:Whig Oligarchy
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1131:Robert Walpole
1127:James Stanhope
1064:Main article:
1061:
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1013:Harley's Dozen
1009:House of Lords
1001:Jonathan Swift
986:Lord Treasurer
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804:Jonathan Swift
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2360:In commission
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2054:
2053:public domain
2038:
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2017:
2014:
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1862:Miller, O.B.
1861:
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1794:0-300-04284-1
1791:
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1782:Brian W. Hill
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1642:Hill, p. 152.
1639:
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1624:Hill, p. 136.
1621:
1615:Hill, p. 134.
1612:
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1603:Hill, p. 131.
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1092:death penalty
1089:
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1076:Herefordshire
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866:William Gregg
850:
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819:Marlborough's
816:
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767:, displacing
766:
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685:maiden speech
682:
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658:
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638:
634:
630:
626:
616:
614:
609:
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606:Nonconformism
603:
598:
596:
592:
591:Middle Temple
588:
584:
580:
579:Lord Harcourt
576:
572:
568:
564:
560:
556:
552:
548:
547:Herefordshire
544:
540:
530:
528:
527:Edward Harley
524:
523:Harley Street
520:
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398:
395:4, including
394:
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366:Herefordshire
363:
360:
358:Resting place
356:
353:
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341:
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328:
325:
321:
317:
316:Covent Garden
305:
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236:
233:
230:
224:
221:
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212:
209:
206:
202:
196:
191:
188:
184:
181:
180:Robert Benson
178:
172:
169:
166:
160:
157:
154:
150:
144:
139:
136:
132:
129:
126:
120:
117:
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87:
84:
80:
76:
72:
67:
61:
56:
52:
49:
46:
38:
33:
30:
19:
5062:21st century
4991:20th century
4962:Shaw-Lefevre
4930:19th century
4849:18th century
4810:
4804:18th century
4625:17th century
4484:16th century
4233:15th century
4152:14th century
4084:
3959:Thorneycroft
3904:W. Churchill
3864:Lloyd George
3829:R. Churchill
3726:
3704:
3654:Ellenborough
3652:
3588:Bilson-Legge
3580:
3576:Bilson-Legge
3566:Bilson-Legge
3558:
3536:
3501:
3152:
2836:
2828:
2799:
2791:
2783:
2775:
2767:
2744:
2736:
2728:
2720:
2693:
2664:
2656:
2648:
2616:
2587:
2575:William Laud
2573:
2513:George Abbot
2511:
2497:
2489:
2401:
2397:New creation
2396:
2370:
2363:First Lord:
2359:
2340:
2313:
2286:
2250:
2244:
2216:
2200:
2185:
2156:
2143:
2065:
2042:
2036:
2029:
2019:
2012:
1999:
1992:
1982:
1975:
1965:
1952:
1945:
1938:
1928:
1921:
1911:
1901:
1894:
1888:State Trials
1887:
1877:
1863:
1856:
1849:
1842:
1835:
1816:
1799:
1785:
1761:. Retrieved
1757:the original
1752:
1732:
1727:
1708:
1699:
1690:
1681:
1672:
1663:
1647:
1638:
1629:
1620:
1599:
1589:
1582:
1571:
1536:
1532:
1522:
1517:Hill, p. 66.
1513:
1508:Hill, p. 63.
1504:
1495:
1490:Hill, p. 55.
1486:
1477:
1472:Hill, p. 32.
1468:
1463:Hill, p. 24.
1459:
1450:
1445:Hill, p. 31.
1433:Hill, p. 30.
1429:
1424:Hill, p. 18.
1420:
1411:
1402:
1397:Hill, p. 10.
1376:. Retrieved
1356:
1348:
1340:
1335:
1294:
1287:
1281:in 1712; and
1254:Thomas Foley
1251:
1226:
1218:
1206:
1192:
1160:
1151:Peerage Bill
1144:
1135:
1120:
1112:
1084:high treason
1069:
1041:
1005:
997:Bandbox Plot
994:
981:
978:Baron Harley
977:
975:
961:Lord Halifax
958:
932:
908:
891:
882:
870:Daniel Defoe
862:
823:
808:
796:Daniel Defoe
789:
773:
758:
741:
730:
723:
711:
700:
689:
669:
650:
622:
610:
599:
536:
515:October Club
512:
489:
474:
428:
427:
335:(1724-05-21)
283:Succeeded by
246:
227:Succeeded by
194:
175:Succeeded by
142:
123:Succeeded by
115:
90:
64:Portrait by
29:
5109:1724 deaths
5104:1661 births
4770:W. Williams
4702:Widdrington
4576:T. Williams
4460:Fitzwilliam
4435:Alington II
4425:Strangeways
3844:Hicks Beach
3819:Hicks Beach
3739:Spring Rice
3239:Westminster
3167:(1713β1714)
3161:(1711β1713)
3155:(1710β1711)
3149:(1708β1710)
3143:(1702β1708)
3134:(1702β1714)
3122:(1701β1702)
3120:Henry Boyle
3116:(1699β1701)
3110:(1694β1699)
3101:(1694β1702)
3098:William III
3089:(1690β1694)
3083:(1689β1690)
3077:(1688β1689)
3068:(1689β1694)
3052:(1685β1688)
3043:(1685β1688)
3031:(1676β1685)
3025:(1672β1676)
3019:(1661β1672)
3010:(1660β1685)
2998:(1643β1646)
2992:(1642β1643)
2986:(1629β1642)
2980:(1628β1629)
2974:(1625β1628)
2965:(1625β1649)
2944:(1621β1625)
2938:(1614β1621)
2932:(1606β1614)
2926:(1603β1606)
2917:(1603β1625)
2860:HM Treasury
2833:(1710β1711)
2825:(1702β1710)
2816:(1702β1714)
2804:(1701β1702)
2796:(1700β1701)
2788:(1699β1700)
2780:(1697β1699)
2772:(1694β1697)
2761:(1694β1702)
2758:William III
2714:(1689β1694)
2690:(1685β1686)
2681:(1685β1688)
2669:(1684β1685)
2639:(1672β1673)
2633:(1667β1670)
2627:(1660β1667)
2610:(1660β1685)
2598:(1643β1646)
2592:(1641β1643)
2584:(1636β1641)
2578:(1635β1636)
2570:(1628β1633)
2564:(1625β1628)
2555:(1625β1649)
2534:(1624β1625)
2528:(1621β1624)
2522:(1620β1621)
2516:(1618β1620)
2508:(1614β1618)
2502:(1613β1614)
2494:(1612β1613)
2486:(1608β1612)
2480:(1603β1608)
2471:(1603β1625)
2325:Henry Boyle
2266:Lord Harley
1829:Biographies
1809:W. A. Speck
1305:Westminster
1172:Anglo-Saxon
1168:Renaissance
1090:, with the
857: 1710
696:Lord Somers
633:William III
583:Lord Trevor
567:Oxfordshire
340:Westminster
333:21 May 1724
271:Preceded by
260:William III
232:Henry Boyle
215:Preceded by
163:Preceded by
111:Preceded by
5098:Categories
5043:Weatherill
4957:Abercromby
4647:Richardson
4496:Englefield
4475:Englefield
4415:T. Tresham
4390:W. Tresham
4375:W. Tresham
4365:W. Tresham
4330:Alington I
4265:Hungerford
4189:Waldegrave
4174:De la Mare
4169:Hungerford
4164:De la Mare
4144:of England
3690:Vansittart
3670:Vansittart
3608:Dowdeswell
3593:Barrington
3424:Cottington
3294:Harvington
3269:Willoughby
3264:de la Leye
3254:G. Giffard
3249:W. Giffard
3216:of England
3147:John Smith
3114:John Smith
3075:John Ernle
3050:John Ernle
3029:John Ernle
3007:Charles II
2903:under the
2607:Charles II
2457:under the
2407:1711β1724
2376:1711β1714
2346:1710β1711
2335:John Smith
2319:1704β1708
2292:1702β1714
2260:1707β1711
2228:John Smith
2222:1701β1705
2195:1690β1707
1912:Queen Anne
1776:References
1703:Hill p.230
1694:Hill p.229
1685:Hill p.229
1676:Hill p.228
1123:Whig Split
780:Jacobitism
731:After the
707:Whig Junto
703:Paul Foley
661:New Radnor
539:Bow Street
471:Queen Anne
445:and early
309:1661-12-05
288:John Smith
168:John Smith
5048:Boothroyd
4937:Addington
4906:Addington
4901:Grenville
4881:A. Onslow
4861:R. Onslow
4795:Littleton
4720:Bampfield
4667:Glanville
4616:Yelverton
4601:Puckering
4596:Popham II
4521:Wingfield
4501:Sheffield
4280:Beauchamp
4194:Pickering
4179:Pickering
3979:Callaghan
3954:Macmillan
3944:Gaitskell
3809:Gladstone
3804:Northcote
3799:Gladstone
3779:Gladstone
3764:Gladstone
3706:Tenterden
3643:Addington
3633:Cavendish
3623:Cavendish
3613:Townshend
3603:Grenville
3582:Mansfield
3571:Lyttelton
3429:Colepeper
3394:Fortescue
3384:Sackville
3304:Stratford
3299:Wodehouse
3234:Leicester
2962:Charles I
2552:Charles I
2060:(1911). "
1763:1 January
1563:258875615
1555:0018-2648
1207:with them
1108:pneumonia
1102:claimant
1053:Jacobites
949:waistcoat
637:Worcester
487:in 1721.
403:Parent(s)
382:Spouse(s)
344:Middlesex
320:Middlesex
247:In office
195:In office
143:In office
91:In office
5018:Morrison
4896:Cornwall
4745:Charlton
4735:Grimston
4730:Lenthall
4697:Lenthall
4682:Lenthall
4672:Lenthall
4662:J. Finch
4657:H. Finch
4652:T. Crewe
4642:R. Crewe
4571:Gargrave
4455:Mordaunt
4405:Charlton
4385:Popham I
4260:Doreward
4255:Stourton
4209:Doreward
4064:Kwarteng
3974:Maudling
3929:Anderson
3839:Harcourt
3824:Harcourt
3814:Childers
3784:Disraeli
3774:Disraeli
3759:Disraeli
3749:Goulburn
3717:Goulburn
3695:Robinson
3665:Perceval
3598:Dashwood
3532:Aislabie
3527:Stanhope
3444:Duncombe
3414:Portland
3409:Greville
3374:Cromwell
3344:Thwaites
3329:Somerset
3274:Benstead
3259:Chishull
3244:Chishull
3229:Maunsell
3040:James II
2678:James II
2024:in JSTOR
2004:in JSTOR
1987:in JSTOR
1957:in JSTOR
1933:in JSTOR
1906:in JSTOR
1882:in JSTOR
1716:Archived
1315:See also
1297:Edmonton
1264:in 1709.
1233:Maecenas
1203:John Gay
1100:Jacobite
815:Scotland
714:placemen
625:James II
602:Whiggism
517:and the
504:George I
481:de facto
447:Georgian
392:Children
256:Monarchs
5008:FitzRoy
5003:Whitley
4998:Lowther
4967:Denison
4942:Mitford
4876:Compton
4866:Bromley
4765:Gregory
4760:Seymour
4750:Seymour
4740:Turnour
4637:Phelips
4566:Cordell
4551:Pollard
4445:Catesby
4410:Wenlock
4395:Oldhall
4340:Russell
4310:Russell
4300:Baynard
4295:Chaucer
4270:Chaucer
4250:Chaucer
4245:Tiptoft
4240:Esturmy
4219:Redford
4085:Italic:
4044:Hammond
4039:Osborne
4034:Darling
3989:Macleod
3984:Jenkins
3909:Snowden
3899:Snowden
3889:Baldwin
3869:McKenna
3859:Asquith
3849:Ritchie
3834:Goschen
3722:Althorp
3712:Herries
3700:Canning
3680:of the
3544:Walpole
3522:Walpole
3512:Wyndham
3464:Montagu
3459:Hampden
3454:Delamer
3419:Barrett
3389:Mildmay
3369:Berners
3359:Catesby
3319:Barnham
3289:Stanton
3279:Sandale
3061:William
2914:James I
2707:William
2468:James I
2452:British
2149:Tregony
2097:at the
2083:at the
2055::
1897:(1924).
1533:History
1044:St John
761:Speaker
653:Tregony
563:Burford
561:, near
559:Shilton
376:Country
348:England
204:Monarch
152:Monarch
100:Monarch
5074:Bercow
5069:Martin
5053:Martin
5038:Thomas
4891:Norton
4871:Hanmer
4811:Harley
4785:Trevor
4775:Trevor
4755:Sawyer
4718:&
4677:Pelham
4606:Snagge
4581:Onslow
4561:Higham
4516:Audley
4506:Nevill
4491:Dudley
4465:Empson
4450:Lovell
4400:Thorpe
4370:Burley
4360:Burley
4355:Tyrell
4335:Tyrell
4325:Tyrell
4320:Vernon
4315:Walton
4305:Flower
4285:Flower
4275:Redman
4224:Savage
4214:Savage
4204:Cheney
4074:Reeves
4059:Zahawi
4024:Clarke
4019:Lamont
4009:Lawson
3999:Healey
3994:Barber
3949:Butler
3939:Cripps
3934:Dalton
3744:Baring
3728:Denman
3554:Pelham
3549:Sandys
3517:Onslow
3507:Benson
3502:Harley
3439:Ashley
3404:Caesar
3399:Dunbar
3364:Lovell
3354:Fowler
3349:Witham
3339:Witham
3334:Browne
3314:Ashton
3284:Hotham
3063:&
2709:&
2256:Radnor
2191:Radnor
2155:With:
2049:
1914:(1980)
1804:online
1792:
1561:
1553:
1378:8 July
1369:
1268:Edward
1240:Family
1201:, and
641:Henley
461:as an
443:Stuart
397:Edward
68:, 1714
5079:Hoyle
5033:Lloyd
5013:Brown
4982:Gully
4972:Brand
4947:Abbot
4856:Smith
4816:Smith
4790:Foley
4780:Powle
4712:Chute
4632:Croke
4556:Broke
4541:Baker
4536:Moyle
4470:Drury
4420:Green
4350:Bowes
4199:Bussy
4054:Sunak
4049:Javid
4029:Brown
4014:Major
3969:Lloyd
3919:Simon
3884:Horne
3769:Lewis
3660:Petty
3618:North
3538:Pratt
3497:Smith
3492:Boyle
3474:Boyle
3469:Smith
3449:Ernle
3379:Baker
3324:Somer
3309:Ashby
2858:when
1559:S2CID
1327:Notes
1104:James
953:Swift
813:with
565:, in
5028:King
4977:Peel
4886:Cust
4716:Long
4687:Rous
4611:Coke
4591:Bell
4586:Wray
4546:Dyer
4531:Hare
4526:Rich
4511:More
4440:Wood
4345:Hunt
4290:Hunt
4133:list
4069:Hunt
4004:Howe
3924:Wood
3794:Lowe
3789:Hunt
3754:Wood
3734:Peel
3648:Pitt
3638:Pitt
3628:Pitt
3434:Hyde
3131:Anne
3065:Mary
2813:Anne
2711:Mary
2254:for
2189:for
2147:for
1790:ISBN
1765:2011
1551:ISSN
1380:2013
1367:ISBN
1129:and
1086:and
936:abbΓ©
802:and
792:spin
604:and
463:earl
455:Tory
451:Whig
330:Died
303:Born
264:Anne
208:Anne
156:Anne
104:Anne
4430:Say
4380:Say
3874:Law
3560:Lee
2064:".
1815:β,
1811:, β
1541:doi
1537:108
439:FRS
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2107:.
2011:,
1974:,
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1784:,
1751:.
1740:^
1608:^
1557:.
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1535:.
1531:.
1438:^
1388:^
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1003:.
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502:,
436:PC
433:KG
431:,
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342:,
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